Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/fhdsl/AI_for_Decision_Makers …

…into main

docs/no_toc/02b-Avoiding_Harm-concepts.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 # Societal Impact
 
-There is the potential for AI to dramatically influence society. It is our responsibility to be proactively think about what uses and impacts we consider to be useful and appropriate and those we consider harmful and inappropriate. 
+There is the potential for AI to dramatically influence society. It is our responsibility to proactively think about what uses and impacts we consider to be useful and appropriate and those we consider harmful and inappropriate. 
 
 <div class = disclaimer>
 **Disclaimer:** The thoughts and ideas presented in this course are not to be substituted for legal or ethical advice and are only meant to give you a starting point for gathering information about AI policy and regulations to consider.

docs/no_toc/02e-Avoiding_Harm-consent_and_ai.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It has been argued that there are possible uses that should be exempt, such as l
 
 See [here](https://truthout.org/articles/eus-ai-act-falls-short-no-ban-on-live-facial-recognition-raises-concerns/) to learn more about this debate.
 
-<div>
+</div>
 
 <img src="resources/images/02e-Avoiding_Harm-consent_and_ai_files/figure-html//1L6-8DWn028c1o0p9gwXmz90BRcy_PjPqb683nbk1gHQ_g2aaead717c1_8_57.png" title="An artistic image of a face that looks like it is being scanned for facial recognition." alt="An artistic image of a face that looks like it is being scanned for facial recognition." width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
 

docs/no_toc/About.md

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ These credits are based on our [course contributors table guidelines](https://ww
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docs/no_toc/about-the-authors.html

@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ <h1>About the Authors</h1>
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docs/no_toc/consent-and-ai.html

@@ -550,14 +550,12 @@ <h1>Consent and AI</h1>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <p>Another important consideration is consent or awareness that you are viewing AI generated content that may be fake. The EU AI act has many regulations regarding this, as well as notifying and consenting individuals about when AI tools are being used on them.</p>
-<div class = example>
-
-<p>The EU AI act includes regulations for many things including banning predictive policing technology and requiring consent for emotional recognition technology in work and at school.</p>
+<div class="example">
+<p><span id="exm:unlabeled-div-8" class="example"><strong>Example 8  </strong></span>The EU AI act includes regulations for many things including banning predictive policing technology and requiring consent for emotional recognition technology in work and at school.</p>
 <p>Despite many likely very useful restrictions including around facial images, a major debate has been about a lack of restriction for live facial recognition. The potential for harm across different data types and advances in technology will continue to create new ethical challenges.
 It has been argued that there are possible uses that should be exempt, such as live facial recognition to locate human trafficking victims.</p>
 <p>See <a href="https://truthout.org/articles/eus-ai-act-falls-short-no-ban-on-live-facial-recognition-raises-concerns/">here</a> to learn more about this debate.</p>
-<div>
-
+</div>
 <p><img src="resources/images/02e-Avoiding_Harm-consent_and_ai_files/figure-html/1L6-8DWn028c1o0p9gwXmz90BRcy_PjPqb683nbk1gHQ_g2aaead717c1_8_57.png" title="An artistic image of a face that looks like it is being scanned for facial recognition." alt="An artistic image of a face that looks like it is being scanned for facial recognition." width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></p>
 <div id="tips-to-encourage-responsible-consent-practices" class="section level3">
 <h3>Tips to encourage responsible consent practices</h3>

docs/no_toc/reference-keys.txt

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ exm:unlabeled-div-4
 exm:unlabeled-div-5
 exm:unlabeled-div-6
 exm:unlabeled-div-7
+exm:unlabeled-div-8

docs/no_toc/societal-impact.html

@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ <h1>
 </div>
 <div id="societal-impact" class="section level1">
 <h1>Societal Impact</h1>
-<p>There is the potential for AI to dramatically influence society. It is our responsibility to be proactively think about what uses and impacts we consider to be useful and appropriate and those we consider harmful and inappropriate.</p>
+<p>There is the potential for AI to dramatically influence society. It is our responsibility to proactively think about what uses and impacts we consider to be useful and appropriate and those we consider harmful and inappropriate.</p>
 <div class="disclaimer">
 <p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The thoughts and ideas presented in this course are not to be substituted for legal or ethical advice and are only meant to give you a starting point for gathering information about AI policy and regulations to consider.</p>
 </div>

manuscript/01-AI_Possibilities-overall_quiz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+
+{quiz, id: possibilities_overall, attempts: 10}
+
+## AI Possibilities - Overall Quiz
+
+? According to the course, AI systems today can be described as.. ?
+
+A) Narrowly focused on specific tasks
+b) Able to perform any intellectual task like humans
+c) Limited to only supervised learning problems
+d) Fully self-aware and able to make completely independent decisions
+
+? which of the following is NOT a criterion for something to be considered AI?
+
+a) It must demonstrate adaptability and training with new data.
+b) It must have an algorithm trained on a dataset.
+c) It must have a physical interface.
+D) It must perform only predefined tasks without adaptation.
+
+? Which is not a part of our AI framework?
+
+a) Interface
+b) Datasets
+C) Efficiency
+d) Algorithms
+
+? Which of the following is an example of generative AI?
+
+a) Facial recognition software
+b) A spam filtering system
+C) An AI-generated painting created from a text prompt
+d) An AI that detects cancerous skin lesions
+
+? Which type of model is especially useful for text generation?
+
+a) Diffusion models
+b) Convolutional neural networks
+C) Transformer models
+d) Recurrent neural networks
+
+? Which is an important consideration when developing AI interfaces?
+
+a) Ensuring high prediction accuracy
+b) Notifying users of serious medical risks
+C) Protecting privacy of user-submitted data
+d) Maximizing data collection from users
+
+? Which of these is an example of an AI system powered by natural language processing?
+
+A) Google Translate
+b) Stable Diffusion
+c) This Person Does Not Exist
+d) Summarizing patient records with diabetes
+
+? Which type of AI model is central to advances in language understanding and generation?
+
+a) Natural language models
+B) Transformer models
+c) Generative adversarial networks
+d) Diffusion models
+
+? Why is deep learning especially useful for complicated data like images and text?
+
+A) It allows the model to automatically detect abstract patterns.
+b) It uses a simple architecture that is computationally inexpensive.
+c) It requires small amounts of training data.
+d) It does not require human judgement and supervision.
+
+? Which of the following is an example of using AI for text mining?
+
+A) Summarizing legal documents
+b) Planning a conference agenda
+c) Generating synthetic data
+d) Modifying an angry email
+
+? An example of using AI for automation would be..?
+
+a) Writing full research project proposals
+b) Testing models using sparse, unstructured data
+c) All of the above
+D) Converting physician dictations to text format
+
+? Why can idea generation with AI help spark new ideas and creativity?
+
+a) Models never identify connections in data
+B) It provides a starting point or scaffold for brainstorming
+c) AI creative output is more consistent than humans
+d) AI surpasses human intellectual capacity for insights
+
+{/quiz}

manuscript/01b-AI_Possibilities-what_is_ai_quiz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+{quiz, id: what_is_ai, attempts: 10}
+
+## What is AI Quiz
+
+? What causes algorithms to no longer be considered AI over time?
+
+A) As a public we generally get used to it
+b) They can no longer adapt to new information
+c) These algorithms get worse as time goes on
+d) They focus too narrowly
+
+? What allows an AI model to take new data and make decisions?
+
+a) Predefined computations
+B) Statistical algorithms
+c) Expert curation
+d) Hardware interfaces
+
+? Which is not a part of our AI framework?
+
+a) Interface
+b) Datasets
+C) Automation
+d) Algorithms
+
+? Which smartphone capability involves AI models?
+
+a) Text message storage
+b) Motion tracking
+C) Voice assistants
+d) Operating system
+
+? Why are traditional calculators not considered AI?
+
+A) They lack adaptable algorithms
+b) They do not store much data
+c) They have limited interfaces
+d) They are not integrated devices
+
+{/quiz}

manuscript/01c-AI_Possibilities-how_ai_works_quiz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+{quiz, id: how_ai_works, attempts: 10}
+
+## How AI Works Quiz
+
+? Which of the following is an example of discriminative AI?
+
+a) Text generated by a chatbot
+B) Classifying emails as spam
+c) Images created from a text prompt
+d) Human sounding voices from an audio clip
+
+? Which type of recently developed AI architecture is especially helpful for text generation?
+
+a) Convolutional neural networks
+B) Transformers
+c) Decision trees
+d) Recurrent neural networks
+
+? Which of the following was an important step in preparing the raw data for training the skin cancer detection algorithm?
+
+A) Labeling the images as "cancer" or "not cancer"
+b) Smoothing edges in the images
+c) Removing identifying metadata
+d) All of the above
+
+? Which of the following best describes the role of an interface in an AI system?
+
+a) Performs feature extraction on data
+b) Makes predictions or classifications
+C) Allows humans to interact with the system
+d) Trains the algorithm on labeled data
+
+? Which kind of AI model excels at filling in blanks, dealing with noise, and generating new content?
+
+a) Decision trees
+b) Transformers
+C) Diffusion models
+d) Convolutional neural networks
+
+? Why is representative diversity important when collecting data?
+
+a) To increase the quantity of data
+B) To ensure the AI works accurately for all groups
+c) To simplify the labeling process
+d) To reduce the need for human oversight
+
+{/quiz}

manuscript/01d-AI_Possibilities-ai_types_quiz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+{quiz, id: ai_types, attempts: 10}
+
+## AI Types Quiz
+
+? According to the passage, what is the key difference between a neural network and a deep learning system?
+
+A) Neural networks have only one hidden layer while deep learning systems have two or more hidden layers.
+b) Deep learning systems cluster data automatically while neural networks require manual data clustering.
+c) Neural networks are not a type of algorithm while deep learning is.
+d) There is no difference described.
+
+? What type of deep generative model works by adding and then removing random noise from inputs like images?
+
+a) variational autoencoders
+b) generative adversarial networks
+C) diffusion models
+d) transformers
+
+? When was the transformer architecture first introduced?
+
+a) 2000
+b) 2007
+C) 2017
+d) 2023
+
+? Which of the following is NOT listed as a key component of today's AI according to the summary?
+
+a) transformer architecture
+b) diffusion models
+C) random forests
+d) deep neural networks
+
+? Which best describes Natural Language Processing (NLP)?
+
+a) a model
+b) an architecture
+c) an interface
+D) a field of study
+
+{/quiz}

manuscript/01e-AI_Possibilities-possibilities_quiz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+{quiz, id: possibilities, attempts: 10}
+
+## Possibilities Quiz
+
+? What capability allows AI to complete partial or missing text in documents?
+
+a) Contextual understanding
+b) Text completion and generation
+c) Domain-specific language generation
+D) All of the above
+
+? Which of the following is an example of using AI for idea generation?
+
+a) Summarizing a dissertation
+B) Providing potential hypotheses for gene-disease relationships
+c) Annotating a textbook
+d) Cleaning data for analysis
+
+? Which of the following is an example of using AI for planning and organizing?
+
+a) Generating code for a software project
+b) Translating legal documents
+C) Creating an agenda for a business meeting
+d) Correcting grammar errors in a paper
+
+? Which of the following is an example of using AI to modify or generate text?
+
+a) Altering an email to be more empathetic
+b) Translating text into another language
+c) Summarizing legal documents for broader audiences
+D) All of the above
+
+? In which sector might domain-specific language generation be particularly beneficial for text mining models?
+
+a) Healthcare
+b) Law
+c) Academia
+D) In any industry using specialized terminology or jargon
+
+{/quiz}

manuscript/01f-AI_Possibilities-ground_rules_quiz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+{quiz, id: ground_rules, attempts: 10}
+
+## Ground Rules Quiz
+
+? Here is a sample question?
+A) Correct Answer
+b) Incorrect 
+c) Incorrect
+d) Incorrect
+
+{/quiz}