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<h1> difference_between___stdcall___cdcel___fastcall</h1>
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<h1 id="stdcall、cdcel和-fastcall三者的区别"><a href="#stdcall、cdcel和-fastcall三者的区别" class="headerlink" title="stdcall、cdcel和__fastcall三者的区别"></a><strong>stdcall、</strong>cdcel和__fastcall三者的区别</h1><p><strong>stdcall、</strong>cdecl和__fastcall是三种函数调用协议，函数调用协议会影响函数参数的入栈方式、栈内数据的清除方式、编译器函数名的修饰规则等。</p>
<h2 id="调用协议常用场合"><a href="#调用协议常用场合" class="headerlink" title="调用协议常用场合"></a>调用协议常用场合</h2><ol>
<li>__stdcall：Windows API默认的函数调用协议。</li>
<li>__cdecl：C/C++默认的函数调用协议。</li>
<li>__fastcall：适用于对性能要求较高的场合。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="函数参数入栈方式"><a href="#函数参数入栈方式" class="headerlink" title="函数参数入栈方式"></a>函数参数入栈方式</h2><ol>
<li>__stdcall：函数参数由右向左入栈。</li>
<li>__cdecl：函数参数由右向左入栈。</li>
<li>__fastcall：从左开始不大于4字节的参数放入CPU的ECX和EDX寄存器，其余参数从右向左入栈。</li>
</ol>
<p>问题一：__fastcall在寄存器中放入不大于4字节的参数，故性能较高，适用于需要高性能的场合。</p>
<h2 id="栈内数据清除方式"><a href="#栈内数据清除方式" class="headerlink" title="栈内数据清除方式"></a>栈内数据清除方式</h2><ol>
<li>__stdcall：函数调用结束后由被调用函数清除栈内数据。</li>
<li>__cdecl：函数调用结束后由函数调用者清除栈内数据。</li>
<li>__fastcall：函数调用结束后由被调用函数清除栈内数据。<blockquote>
<p>问题一：不同编译器设定的栈结构不尽相同，跨开发平台时由函数调用者清除栈内数据不可行。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
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<p>问题二：某些函数的参数是可变的，如printf函数，这样的函数只能由函数调用者清除栈内数据。</p>
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<blockquote>
<p>问题三：由调用者清除栈内数据时，每次调用都包含清除栈内数据的代码，故可执行文件较大。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="C语言编译器函数名称修饰规则"><a href="#C语言编译器函数名称修饰规则" class="headerlink" title="C语言编译器函数名称修饰规则"></a>C语言编译器函数名称修饰规则</h2><ol>
<li>__stdcall：编译后，函数名被修饰为“_functionname@number”。</li>
<li>__cdecl：编译后，函数名被修饰为“_functionname”。</li>
<li>__fastcall：编译后，函数名给修饰为“@functionname@nmuber”。</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>注：“functionname”为函数名，“number”为参数字节数。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>注：函数实现和函数定义时如果使用了不同的函数调用协议，则无法实现函数调用。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="C-语言编译器函数名称修饰规则"><a href="#C-语言编译器函数名称修饰规则" class="headerlink" title="C++语言编译器函数名称修饰规则"></a>C++语言编译器函数名称修饰规则</h2><ol>
<li>__stdcall：编译后，函数名被修饰为“?functionname@@YG<strong>**</strong>@Z”。</li>
<li>__cdecl：编译后，函数名被修饰为“?functionname@@YA<strong>**</strong>@Z”。</li>
<li>__fastcall：编译后，函数名被修饰为“?functionname@@YI<strong>**</strong>@Z”。</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>注：“<strong>**</strong>”为函数返回值类型和参数类型表。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>注：函数实现和函数定义时如果使用了不同的函数调用协议，则无法实现函数调用。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>C语言和C++语言间如果不进行特殊处理，也无法实现函数的互相调用。</p>

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