ClassesAndStructures.md

Table of contents

• Structures and Classes
• - Comparing Structures and Classes
• - - Definition Syntax
• - - Structure and Class Instances
• - - Accessing Properties
• - - Memberwise Initializers for Structure Types
• - Structures and Enumerations Are Value Types
• - Classes Are Reference Types
• - - Identity Operators
• - - Pointers

Structures and Classes

Comparing Structures and Classes

Definition Syntax

struct SomeStructure {
    // structure definition goes here
}
class SomeClass {
    // class definition goes here
}

struct Resolution {
    var width = 0
    var height = 0
}
class VideoMode {
    var resolution = Resolution()
    var interlaced = false
    var frameRate = 0.0
    var name: String?
}

Structure and Class Instances

let someResolution = Resolution()
let someVideoMode = VideoMode()

Accessing Properties

print("The width of someResolution is \(someResolution.width)")
// Prints "The width of someResolution is 0"

print("The width of someVideoMode is \(someVideoMode.resolution.width)")
// Prints "The width of someVideoMode is 0"

someVideoMode.resolution.width = 1280
print("The width of someVideoMode is now \(someVideoMode.resolution.width)")
// Prints "The width of someVideoMode is now 1280"

Memberwise Initializers for Structure Types

let vga = Resolution(width: 640, height: 480)

Structures and Enumerations Are Value Types

let hd = Resolution(width: 1920, height: 1080)
var cinema = hd

cinema.width = 2048

print("cinema is now \(cinema.width) pixels wide")
// Prints "cinema is now 2048 pixels wide"

print("hd is still \(hd.width) pixels wide")
// Prints "hd is still 1920 pixels wide"

enum CompassPoint {
    case north, south, east, west
    mutating func turnNorth() {
        self = .north
    }
}
var currentDirection = CompassPoint.west
let rememberedDirection = currentDirection
currentDirection.turnNorth()

print("The current direction is \(currentDirection)")
print("The remembered direction is \(rememberedDirection)")
// Prints "The current direction is north"
// Prints "The remembered direction is west"

Classes Are Reference Types

let tenEighty = VideoMode()
tenEighty.resolution = hd
tenEighty.interlaced = true
tenEighty.name = "1080i"
tenEighty.frameRate = 25.0

let alsoTenEighty = tenEighty
alsoTenEighty.frameRate = 30.0

print("The frameRate property of tenEighty is now \(tenEighty.frameRate)")
// Prints "The frameRate property of tenEighty is now 30.0"

Identity Operators

if tenEighty === alsoTenEighty {
    print("tenEighty and alsoTenEighty refer to the same VideoMode instance.")
}
// Prints "tenEighty and alsoTenEighty refer to the same VideoMode instance."

Pointers