Rollup merge of #135639 - lqd:trivial-builtin-impls, r=lcnr

new solver: prefer trivial builtin impls

As discussed [on zulip](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/channel/364551-t-types.2Ftrait-system-refactor/topic/needs_help.3A.20trivial.20builtin.20impls), this PR:
- adds a new `BuiltinImplSource::Trivial` source, and marks the `Sized` builtin impls as trivial
- prefers these trivial builtin impls in `merge_trait_candidates`

The comments can likely be wordsmithed a bit better, and I ~stole~ was inspired by the old solver ones. Let me know how you want them improved.

When enabling the new solver for tests, 3 UI tests now pass:
- `regions/issue-26448-1.rs` and its sibling `regions/issue-26448-2.rs` were rejected by the new solver but accepted by the old one
- and `issues/issue-42796.rs` where the old solver emitted some overflow errors in addition to the expected error

(For some reason one of these tests is run-pass, but I can take care of that another day)

r? lcnr

Cargo.lock

@@ -4259,6 +4259,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rustc_serialize",
  "rustc_type_ir",
  "rustc_type_ir_macros",
+ "smallvec",
  "tracing",
 ]
 

compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/Cargo.toml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ rustc_macros = { path = "../rustc_macros", optional = true }
 rustc_serialize = { path = "../rustc_serialize", optional = true }
 rustc_type_ir = { path = "../rustc_type_ir", default-features = false }
 rustc_type_ir_macros = { path = "../rustc_type_ir_macros" }
+smallvec = "1.8.1"
 tracing = "0.1"
 # tidy-alphabetical-end
 

compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/trait_goals.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use rustc_type_ir::lang_items::TraitSolverLangItem;
 use rustc_type_ir::solve::CanonicalResponse;
 use rustc_type_ir::visit::TypeVisitableExt as _;
 use rustc_type_ir::{self as ty, Interner, TraitPredicate, TypingMode, Upcast as _, elaborate};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use tracing::{instrument, trace};
 
 use crate::delegate::SolverDelegate;
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ where
         }
 
         ecx.probe_and_evaluate_goal_for_constituent_tys(
-            CandidateSource::BuiltinImpl(BuiltinImplSource::Misc),
+            CandidateSource::BuiltinImpl(BuiltinImplSource::Trivial),
             goal,
             structural_traits::instantiate_constituent_tys_for_sized_trait,
         )
@@ -1194,7 +1195,30 @@ where
             };
         }
 
-        // FIXME: prefer trivial builtin impls
+        // We prefer trivial builtin candidates, i.e. builtin impls without any
+        // nested requirements, over all others. This is a fix for #53123 and
+        // prevents where-bounds from accidentally extending the lifetime of a
+        // variable.
+        if candidates
+            .iter()
+            .any(|c| matches!(c.source, CandidateSource::BuiltinImpl(BuiltinImplSource::Trivial)))
+        {
+            let trivial_builtin_impls: SmallVec<[_; 1]> = candidates
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|c| {
+                    matches!(c.source, CandidateSource::BuiltinImpl(BuiltinImplSource::Trivial))
+                })
+                .map(|c| c.result)
+                .collect();
+            // There should only ever be a single trivial builtin candidate
+            // as they would otherwise overlap.
+            assert_eq!(trivial_builtin_impls.len(), 1);
+            return if let Some(response) = self.try_merge_responses(&trivial_builtin_impls) {
+                Ok((response, Some(TraitGoalProvenVia::Misc)))
+            } else {
+                Ok((self.bail_with_ambiguity(&trivial_builtin_impls), None))
+            };
+        }
 
         // If there are non-global where-bounds, prefer where-bounds
         // (including global ones) over everything else.

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs

@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ fn assemble_candidates_from_impls<'cx, 'tcx>(
                     Err(ErrorGuaranteed { .. }) => true,
                 }
             }
-            ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Misc, _) => {
+            ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Misc | BuiltinImplSource::Trivial, _) => {
                 // While a builtin impl may be known to exist, the associated type may not yet
                 // be known. Any type with multiple potential associated types is therefore
                 // not eligible.
@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ fn confirm_select_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
 ) -> Progress<'tcx> {
     match impl_source {
         ImplSource::UserDefined(data) => confirm_impl_candidate(selcx, obligation, data),
-        ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Misc, data) => {
+        ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Misc | BuiltinImplSource::Trivial, data) => {
             let tcx = selcx.tcx();
             let trait_def_id = obligation.predicate.trait_def_id(tcx);
             if tcx.is_lang_item(trait_def_id, LangItem::Coroutine) {

compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/instance.rs

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ fn resolve_associated_item<'tcx>(
                 })
             }
         }
-        traits::ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Misc, _) => {
+        traits::ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Misc | BuiltinImplSource::Trivial, _) => {
             if tcx.is_lang_item(trait_ref.def_id, LangItem::Clone) {
                 // FIXME(eddyb) use lang items for methods instead of names.
                 let name = tcx.item_name(trait_item_id);

compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/mod.rs

@@ -169,6 +169,9 @@ pub enum CandidateSource<I: Interner> {
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "nightly", derive(HashStable_NoContext, TyEncodable, TyDecodable))]
 pub enum BuiltinImplSource {
+    /// A built-in impl that is considered trivial, without any nested requirements. They
+    /// are preferred over where-clauses, and we want to track them explicitly.
+    Trivial,
     /// Some built-in impl we don't need to differentiate. This should be used
     /// unless more specific information is necessary.
     Misc,

tests/ui/regions/issue-26448-1.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-//@ run-pass
+//@ revisions: current next
+//@ [next] compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+//@ ignore-compare-mode-next-solver (explicit revisions)
+//@ check-pass
 
 pub trait Foo<T> {
     fn foo(self) -> T;

tests/ui/regions/issue-26448-2.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+//@ revisions: current next
+//@ [next] compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+//@ ignore-compare-mode-next-solver (explicit revisions)
 //@ check-pass
 
 pub struct Bar<T> {