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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> | ||
| <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" | ||
| "JATS-publishing1.dtd"> | ||
| <article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.2" article-type="other"> | ||
| <front> | ||
| <journal-meta> | ||
| <journal-id></journal-id> | ||
| <journal-title-group> | ||
| <journal-title>Journal of Open Source Software</journal-title> | ||
| <abbrev-journal-title>JOSS</abbrev-journal-title> | ||
| </journal-title-group> | ||
| <issn publication-format="electronic">2475-9066</issn> | ||
| <publisher> | ||
| <publisher-name>Open Journals</publisher-name> | ||
| </publisher> | ||
| </journal-meta> | ||
| <article-meta> | ||
| <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6703</article-id> | ||
| <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21105/joss.06703</article-id> | ||
| <title-group> | ||
| <article-title>Evoke: A Python package for evolutionary signalling | ||
| games</article-title> | ||
| </title-group> | ||
| <contrib-group> | ||
| <contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"> | ||
| <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-8595</contrib-id> | ||
| <name> | ||
| <surname>Mann</surname> | ||
| <given-names>Stephen Francis</given-names> | ||
| </name> | ||
| <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/> | ||
| <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/> | ||
| </contrib> | ||
| <contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" corresp="yes"> | ||
| <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7121</contrib-id> | ||
| <name> | ||
| <surname>Martínez</surname> | ||
| <given-names>Manolo</given-names> | ||
| </name> | ||
| <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/> | ||
| <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor-1"><sup>*</sup></xref> | ||
| </contrib> | ||
| <aff id="aff-1"> | ||
| <institution-wrap> | ||
| <institution>LOGOS Research Group, Universitat de Barcelona, | ||
| Spain</institution> | ||
| </institution-wrap> | ||
| </aff> | ||
| <aff id="aff-2"> | ||
| <institution-wrap> | ||
| <institution>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, | ||
| Leipzig, Germany</institution> | ||
| </institution-wrap> | ||
| </aff> | ||
| </contrib-group> | ||
| <author-notes> | ||
| <corresp id="cor-1">* E-mail: <email></email></corresp> | ||
| </author-notes> | ||
| <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2024-08-12"> | ||
| <day>12</day> | ||
| <month>8</month> | ||
| <year>2024</year> | ||
| </pub-date> | ||
| <volume>9</volume> | ||
| <issue>103</issue> | ||
| <fpage>6703</fpage> | ||
| <permissions> | ||
| <copyright-statement>Authors of papers retain copyright and release the | ||
| work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC | ||
| BY 4.0)</copyright-statement> | ||
| <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year> | ||
| <copyright-holder>The article authors</copyright-holder> | ||
| <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> | ||
| <license-p>Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under | ||
| a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY | ||
| 4.0)</license-p> | ||
| </license> | ||
| </permissions> | ||
| <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"> | ||
| <kwd>Python</kwd> | ||
| <kwd>evolutionary game theory</kwd> | ||
| <kwd>signalling games</kwd> | ||
| <kwd>sender-receiver framework</kwd> | ||
| <kwd>evolutionary simulations</kwd> | ||
| </kwd-group> | ||
| </article-meta> | ||
| </front> | ||
| <body> | ||
| <sec id="summary"> | ||
| <title>Summary</title> | ||
| <p><bold>Evoke</bold> is a Python library for evolutionary simulations | ||
| of signalling games. It offers a simple and intuitive API that can be | ||
| used to analyze arbitrary game-theoretic models, and to easily | ||
| reproduce and customize well-known results and figures from the | ||
| literature.</p> | ||
| <p>A signalling game is a special kind of mathematical game, a formal | ||
| representation of interactions between agents. In a signalling game, | ||
| the actions available to the players include sending and responding to | ||
| signals. The agents in games traditionally studied in game theory | ||
| develop strategies via such dynamics as reinforcement learning. In | ||
| contrast, evolutionary game theory investigates how strategies change | ||
| over time in populations undergoing evolutionary change such as | ||
| natural selection. Signalling games can be studied in the traditional | ||
| reinforcement-learning paradigm or in the evolutionary paradigm. Evoke | ||
| offers methods for both kinds of game dynamic. Users are able to | ||
| create signalling games and simulate the evolution of agents’ | ||
| strategies over time, using a range of game types and evolutionary and | ||
| learning dynamics.</p> | ||
| <p>Evoke also allows the user to recreate and customize figures from | ||
| the signalling game literature. Examples provided with Evoke include | ||
| figures from Skyrms | ||
| (<xref alt="2010" rid="ref-skyrms2010signals" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>) | ||
| and Godfrey-Smith & Martínez | ||
| (<xref alt="2013" rid="ref-godfrey-smith2013communication" ref-type="bibr">2013</xref>). | ||
| Users can contribute to the library by adding further examples from | ||
| the literature. This can be a useful way to become familiar with | ||
| Evoke, while at the same time increasing the benefit to other users. | ||
| Evoke can therefore serve as an educational tool (encouraging | ||
| understanding of existing literature) and a research resource | ||
| (promoting good practice and effective modelling techniques).</p> | ||
| </sec> | ||
| <sec id="statement-of-need"> | ||
| <title>Statement of need</title> | ||
| <p>While there are Python packages devoted to game theory, such as | ||
| Nashpy | ||
| (<xref alt="Nashpy project developers, 2024" rid="ref-nashpyproject" ref-type="bibr">Nashpy | ||
| project developers, 2024</xref>), and evolutionary game theory, such | ||
| as EGTtools | ||
| (<xref alt="Fernández Domingos, 2020" rid="ref-Fernandez2020" ref-type="bibr">Fernández | ||
| Domingos, 2020</xref>), to our knowledge there has not yet been a | ||
| Python package dedicated to the study of signalling games in the | ||
| context of both evolution and reinforcement learning. That is the gap | ||
| Evoke is intended to fill.</p> | ||
| <p>In the evolutionary game theory literature, models and results are | ||
| often developed with proprietary code. Evaluating and re-running | ||
| models can be difficult for readers, because custom-made software is | ||
| often not developed with other users in mind. Sometimes the model code | ||
| is not available at all.</p> | ||
| <p>It would be preferable to have a common framework that different | ||
| users can share. When new results are presented in a research article, | ||
| readers of that article could run the model and check the results for | ||
| themselves. Readers could also vary the parameters to obtain results | ||
| that were not reported in the original article, lending an air of | ||
| interactivity to published papers.</p> | ||
| <p>Built-in examples already shipped with Evoke include figures from | ||
| Skyrms | ||
| (<xref alt="2010" rid="ref-skyrms2010signals" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>). | ||
| These examples allow the user to change some of the input parameters | ||
| to Skyrms’s figures to see how different parameter values yield | ||
| different results. In a small way, this makes the book “interactive”: | ||
| in addition to the static figures on the page, the user can play with | ||
| the models in order to get a sense of the range of outcomes each model | ||
| can generate.</p> | ||
| </sec> | ||
| <sec id="acknowledgements"> | ||
| <title>Acknowledgements</title> | ||
| <p>Many thanks to the reviewers and editors for their comments. This | ||
| work was supported by Juan de la Cierva grant FJC2020-044240-I and | ||
| María de Maeztu grant CEX2021-001169-M funded by | ||
| MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.</p> | ||
| </sec> | ||
| </body> | ||
| <back> | ||
| <ref-list> | ||
| <title></title> | ||
| <ref id="ref-godfrey-smith2013communication"> | ||
| <element-citation publication-type="article-journal"> | ||
| <person-group person-group-type="author"> | ||
| <name><surname>Godfrey-Smith</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name> | ||
| <name><surname>Martínez</surname><given-names>Manolo</given-names></name> | ||
| </person-group> | ||
| <article-title>Communication and common interest</article-title> | ||
| <source>PLOS Computational Biology</source> | ||
| <year iso-8601-date="2013">2013</year> | ||
| <volume>9</volume> | ||
| <issue>11</issue> | ||
| <issn>1553-7358</issn> | ||
| <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003282</pub-id> | ||
| <fpage>e1003282</fpage> | ||
| <lpage></lpage> | ||
| </element-citation> | ||
| </ref> | ||
| <ref id="ref-skyrms2010signals"> | ||
| <element-citation publication-type="book"> | ||
| <person-group person-group-type="author"> | ||
| <name><surname>Skyrms</surname><given-names>Brian</given-names></name> | ||
| </person-group> | ||
| <source>Signals: Evolution, learning, and information</source> | ||
| <publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name> | ||
| <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc> | ||
| <year iso-8601-date="2010">2010</year> | ||
| <isbn>978-0-19-958082-8</isbn> | ||
| <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199580828.001.0001</pub-id> | ||
| </element-citation> | ||
| </ref> | ||
| <ref id="ref-Fernandez2020"> | ||
| <element-citation> | ||
| <person-group person-group-type="author"> | ||
| <name><surname>Fernández Domingos</surname><given-names>Elias</given-names></name> | ||
| </person-group> | ||
| <article-title>EGTTools: Toolbox for evolutionary game theory</article-title> | ||
| <source>GitHub repository</source> | ||
| <publisher-name>https://github.com/Socrats/EGTTools; GitHub</publisher-name> | ||
| <year iso-8601-date="2020">2020</year> | ||
| <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.3687125</pub-id> | ||
| </element-citation> | ||
| </ref> | ||
| <ref id="ref-nashpyproject"> | ||
| <element-citation> | ||
| <person-group person-group-type="author"> | ||
| <string-name>Nashpy project developers</string-name> | ||
| </person-group> | ||
| <article-title>Nashpy: 0.0.41</article-title> | ||
| <year iso-8601-date="2024">2024</year> | ||
| <uri>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10802174</uri> | ||
| <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.10802174</pub-id> | ||
| </element-citation> | ||
| </ref> | ||
| </ref-list> | ||
| </back> | ||
| </article> |