Added puzzle24 closes #208 (#268)

* added puzzle24

reasoning_gym/games/__init__.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 from .maze import MazeConfig, MazeDataset
 from .mini_sudoku import MiniSudokuConfig, MiniSudokuDataset
 from .n_queens import NQueensConfig, NQueensCurriculum, NQueensDataset
+from .puzzle24 import Puzzle24Config, Puzzle24Dataset
 from .rush_hour import RushHourConfig, RushHourDataset
 from .sokoban import SokobanConfig, SokobanDataset
 from .sudoku import SudokuConfig, SudokuDataset
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@
     "FutoshikiDataset",
     "MiniSudokuConfig",
     "MiniSudokuDataset",
+    "Puzzle24Config",
+    "Puzzle24Dataset",
     "SudokuConfig",
     "SudokuDataset",
     "SokobanConfig",

reasoning_gym/games/puzzle24.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import re
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from random import Random
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+import sympy
+from sympy import Symbol, symbols
+from sympy.parsing.sympy_parser import parse_expr
+
+from ..factory import ProceduralDataset, register_dataset
+
+QUESTION_TEMPLATE = """Make 24 using {numbers}. You can only use each number once. You can use the operators {operators}.
+Final answer format instructions:
+1. Provide your final answer as a arithmetic expression (no '=' sign).
+2. Do not include the target number in the expression.
+3. Use '*' for multiplication.
+4. Use '/' for division.
+"""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Puzzle24Config:
+    operators: tuple = ("+", "-", "*", "/")
+    min_value: int = 1
+    max_value: int = 10
+    seed: Optional[int] = None
+    size: int = 500
+
+    def validate(self):
+        assert len(self.operators) > 0, "At least one operator is required"
+        assert self.min_value <= self.max_value, "Minimum value must be less than or equal to maximum value"
+        assert self.min_value >= 1, "Minimum value must be at least 1"
+        assert self.max_value <= 10, "Maximum value must be at most 10"
+        assert self.size > 0, "Size must be greater than 0"
+
+
+class Puzzle24Dataset(ProceduralDataset):
+    def __init__(self, config: Puzzle24Config):
+        super().__init__(config=config, seed=config.seed, size=config.size)
+
+    def _generate_candidate_expression(self, rng: Random, num_terms: int) -> tuple[sympy.Expr, list[int], list[Symbol]]:
+        """Generate a candidate expression with random numbers and operators
+
+        Args:
+            rng: Random number generator
+            num_terms: Number of terms to include
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (sympy expression, list of numbers, list of symbols)
+        """
+        # Generate random numbers
+        numbers = [rng.randint(self.config.min_value, self.config.max_value) for _ in range(num_terms)]
+
+        # Create symbols for building expression
+        syms = symbols(f"x:{num_terms}")
+
+        # Build random expression
+        expr = syms[0]
+
+        for i in range(1, num_terms):
+            op = rng.choice(self.config.operators)
+            if op == "+":
+                expr = expr + syms[i]
+            elif op == "-":
+                expr = expr - syms[i]
+            elif op == "*":
+                expr = expr * syms[i]
+            else:
+                if numbers[i] != 0:
+                    current = int(expr.subs({sym: num for sym, num in zip(syms[:i], numbers[:i])}))
+                    remaining = [n for n in numbers[i:] if n != 0]
+                    rng.shuffle(remaining)
+                    found_divisor = False
+                    for div in remaining:
+                        if current % div == 0:
+                            numbers[i] = div
+                            expr = expr / syms[i]
+                            found_divisor = True
+                            break
+                    if not found_divisor:
+                        expr = expr - syms[i]
+                else:
+                    expr = expr + syms[i]
+
+        return expr, numbers, syms
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> dict:
+        rng = Random(self.seed + idx)
+        while True:
+            expr, numbers, syms = self._generate_candidate_expression(rng, 4)
+            if expr.subs({sym: num for sym, num in zip(syms, numbers)}) == 24:
+                break
+        expr_str = str(expr)
+        for i, sym in enumerate(syms):
+            expr_str = expr_str.replace(str(sym), str(numbers[i]))
+
+        question = QUESTION_TEMPLATE.format(
+            numbers=", ".join(map(str, numbers)), operators=", ".join(self.config.operators)
+        )
+        return {
+            "question": question,
+            "answer": expr_str,
+            "metadata": {
+                "numbers": numbers,
+                "expression": expr,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def score_answer(self, answer: Optional[str], entry: dict[str, Any]) -> float:
+        reward = 0.01
+        if answer is not None:
+            try:
+                answer = answer.strip()
+                user_answer = int(parse_expr(answer))
+                solved = user_answer == 24
+                used_numbers = [int(num) for num in re.findall(r"\b\d+\b", answer)]
+                if len(used_numbers) != 4:
+                    reward = 0.01
+                elif any(num > self.config.max_value or num < self.config.min_value for num in used_numbers):
+                    reward = 0.01
+                elif not solved:
+                    reward = 0.01
+                else:
+                    reward = 1.0
+            except Exception as e:
+                reward = 0.01
+        return reward
+
+
+register_dataset("puzzle24", Puzzle24Dataset, Puzzle24Config)

tests/test_puzzle24.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import re
+
+import pytest
+from sympy.parsing.sympy_parser import parse_expr
+
+from reasoning_gym.games.puzzle24 import Puzzle24Config, Puzzle24Dataset
+
+
+def test_puzzle24_config_validation():
+    """Test that invalid configs raise appropriate errors"""
+    # Min value greater than max value
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        config = Puzzle24Config(min_value=10, max_value=5)
+        config.validate()
+
+    # Invalid operators
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        config = Puzzle24Config(operators=())  # Empty operators
+        config.validate()
+
+    # Negative min value
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        config = Puzzle24Config(min_value=-1)
+        config.validate()
+
+
+def test_puzzle24_deterministic():
+    """Test that dataset generates same items with same seed"""
+    config = Puzzle24Config(seed=42, size=10)
+    dataset1 = Puzzle24Dataset(config)
+    dataset2 = Puzzle24Dataset(config)
+
+    for i in range(len(dataset1)):
+        assert dataset1[i] == dataset2[i]
+
+
+def test_puzzle24_basic_properties():
+    """Test basic properties of generated items"""
+    config = Puzzle24Config(seed=42, size=10)
+    dataset = Puzzle24Dataset(config)
+
+    for item in dataset:
+        assert isinstance(item, dict)
+        assert "question" in item
+        assert "answer" in item
+        assert "metadata" in item
+
+        # Check metadata contains required fields
+        assert "numbers" in item["metadata"]
+        assert "expression" in item["metadata"]
+
+        # Check question format
+        assert "Make 24 using" in item["question"]
+        assert "Final answer format instructions" in item["question"]
+
+        # Verify the numbers in question match metadata
+        numbers = item["metadata"]["numbers"]
+        num_str = ", ".join(map(str, numbers))
+        assert num_str in item["question"]
+
+
+def test_puzzle24_score_answer_correct():
+    """Test the score_answer method for correct answers"""
+    config = Puzzle24Config(seed=42)
+    dataset = Puzzle24Dataset(config)
+    for item in dataset:
+        answer = item["answer"]
+        print(item)
+        assert dataset.score_answer(answer, item) == 1.0
+
+
+def test_puzzle24_score_answer_individual():
+    """Test the score_answer method"""
+    config = Puzzle24Config(seed=42)
+    dataset = Puzzle24Dataset(config)
+
+    # Create a test entry
+    entry = {"metadata": {"numbers": [4, 5, 7, 8], "expression": parse_expr("x0 + x1 + x2 + x3")}}
+
+    # Test correct answer (evaluates to 24)
+    assert dataset.score_answer("4 + 5 + 7 + 8", entry) == 1.0
+
+    # Test incorrect answers
+    assert dataset.score_answer(None, entry) == 0.01  # None answer
+    assert dataset.score_answer("", entry) == 0.01  # Empty answer
+    assert dataset.score_answer("1+2+3", entry) == 0.01  # Wrong numbers
+    assert dataset.score_answer("4*5*7*8", entry) == 0.01  # Doesn't equal 24
+    assert dataset.score_answer("not a valid expression", entry) == 0.01  # Invalid expression
+
+
+def test_puzzle24_iteration():
+    """Test that iteration respects dataset size"""
+    config = Puzzle24Config(size=5, seed=42)  # Small size for testing
+    dataset = Puzzle24Dataset(config)
+
+    # Test manual iteration
+    items = []
+    for item in dataset:
+        items.append(item)
+    assert len(items) == config.size, "Iterator should yield exactly size items"
+
+    # Test list conversion
+    items = list(dataset)
+    assert len(items) == config.size, "Iterator should yield exactly size items"
+
+    # Test multiple iterations
+    first_items = list(dataset)
+    second_items = list(dataset)
+    assert first_items == second_items, "Multiple iterations should yield same items"