[WIP] Backport 8.2: Python 3.13 support

[JCGoran]

Uses #3317 as baseline. Also backported #3028, #3040, and part of #1969.

[JCGoran]

This is because numpy 2 is backwards compatible, but numpy 1 is not forwards compatible, so building a wheel with numpy 1.x and testing it with 2.x will fail, but the other way around works.

[nrnhines]

It looks like you're in some sense resurrecting my failed attempt (subsequently reverted) in #3317 to adopt master methods for ci into release/8.2. I'm speculating that my further attempts to manually and minimally just increase the list of pythons in release/8.2 is making good progress even though ci currently rests at 33 failing and 6 successful checks.
The main issues I'm dealing with now are forking coreneuron for release/8.2 into neuronsimulator and applying any needed version consistency updates. Also establishing that numpy and cython generated pyx files are compatible. I.e. by checking that the first line of the generated cpp file, if it exists, , e.g. /* Generated by Cython 3.0.11 */ matches the current cython version in use. (and re-generating if not). Anyway, when those two changes are accomplished, I'll see how the ci stands, and decide whether to continue that path.

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
2 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
4.7% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[azure-pipelines]

✔️ 8ad39c1 -> Azure artifacts URL