chore: mql specs

packages/mongodb-mql-model/src/docs/md/bson-type/bson-type.md

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+# MQL BSON Type
+-----------
+
+## Abstract
+
+This specification documents the different kinds of BSON types and how they are related to the
+original source code of an [MQL Query](../mql-query/mql-query.md). This document aims to provide
+information about the behaviour of dialects and linters on the computation of the original
+expression BSON type.
+
+## META
+
+The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY"
+and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt).
+
+## Specification
+
+[BSON](https://bsonspec.org/spec.html) is a binary format that is used to communicate between the
+MongoDB Client (through a driver) and a MongoDB Cluster. MQL BSON (from now on we will just say BSON) 
+is a superset of the original BSON types. For example some semantics, like BsonAnyOf, are not part
+of the original BSON.
+
+A BSON Type represents the data type inferred from the original source code or from a MongoDB sample
+of documents. A BSON Type MUST be consumable by a MongoDB Cluster and its serialization MUST be
+BSON 1.1 compliant.
+
+### Primitive BSON Types
+
+#### BsonString
+
+A BsonString is a sequence of Unicode characters. 
+
+#### BsonBoolean
+
+A BsonBoolean represents a disjoint true or false values. The actual internal encoding is left to the
+original BSON 1.1 specification.
+
+#### BsonDate
+
+A BsonDate represents a date and a time, serializable to a UNIX timestamp. This specific type MAY be 
+represented differently in some dialects.
+
+In any Java-based dialects, a BsonDate can be represented as:
+
+* [java.util.Date](https://cr.openjdk.org/~pminborg/panama/21/v1/javadoc/java.base/java/util/Date.html)
+* [java.time.Instant](https://cr.openjdk.org/~pminborg/panama/21/v1/javadoc/java.base/java/time/Instant.html)
+* [java.time.LocalDate](https://cr.openjdk.org/~pminborg/panama/21/v1/javadoc/java.base/java/time/LocalDate.html)
+* [java.time.LocalDateTime](https://cr.openjdk.org/~pminborg/panama/21/v1/javadoc/java.base/java/time/LocalDateTime.html)
+
+#### BsonObjectId
+
+A BsonObjectId represents a 12 bytes unique identifier for an object. 
+
+#### BsonInt32
+
+A signed integer of 32 bits precision. In Java it's mapped to an `int` type.
+
+#### BsonInt64
+
+A signed integer of 64 bits precision. In Java it's mapped to both `long` and `BigInteger`.
+
+#### BsonDouble
+
+A 64bit floating point number. In Java it's mapped to both float and double.
+
+#### BsonDecimal128
+
+A 128bit floating point number. In Java it's mapped to BigDecimal.
+
+#### BsonNull
+
+Represents the absence of a value. 
+
+#### BsonAny
+
+Represents any possible type. Essentially, every type is a subtype of BsonAny.
+
+#### BsonAnyOf
+
+Represents an union of types. For example, BsonAnyOf([BsonString, BsonInt32]). 
+
+#### BsonObject
+
+Represents the shape of a BSON document.
+
+#### BsonArray
+
+Represents a list of elements of a single type. For example: [ 1, 2, 3 ] is a BsonArray.
+
+#### ComputedBsonType
+
+A ComputedBsonType is a type that represents an expression that happens outside the boundaries
+of the user. The typical use case is for expressions defined as MQL expressions (like $expr) that
+will run on a valid MongoDB Cluster.
+
+They contain a `baseType` that is the inferred type of the result of computing the expression. In
+case the `baseType` can not be inferred, it MUST be BsonAny.
+
+### Type Assignability
+
+Assignable types MUST not change the semantics of a query when they are swapped. Let's say that
+we have a query $Q$, and two variants, $Q_A$ and $Q_B$, where $Q_A$ and $Q_B$ differ on the specified type
+in either a field or a value reference.
+
+We will say that type $A$ is assignable to type $B$ if $Q_A$ and $Q_B$ are 
+[equivalent queries](/main/packages/mongodb-mql-model/src/docs/md/mql-query/mql-query.md#query-equivalence).
+
+Type assignability MAY NOT be commutative.
+
+#### Assignability table
+
+| ⬇️ can be assigned to ➡️ | BsonString | BsonBoolean | BsonDate | BsonObjectId | BsonInt32 | BsonInt64 | BsonDouble | BsonDecimal128 | BsonNull | BsonAny | BsonAnyOf | BsonObject | BsonArray | ComputedBsonType |
+|--------------------------|:----------:|:-----------:|:--------:|:------------:|:---------:|:---------:|:----------:|:--------------:|:--------:|:-------:|:---------:|:----------:|:---------:|:-----------------|
+| BsonString               |     🟢     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonBoolean              |     🔴     |     🟢      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonDate                 |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🟢    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonObjectId             |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🟢      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonInt32                |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🟢     |    🟢     |     🟢     |       🟢       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonInt64                |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🟢     |     🔴     |       🟢       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonDouble               |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |  🟠$^2$   |  🟠$^2$   |     🟢     |       🟢       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonDecimal128           |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🟢       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonNull                 |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🟢    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonAny                  |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonAnyOf                |   🟠$^1$   |   🟠$^1$    |  🟠$^1$  |    🟠$^1$    |  🟠$^1$   |  🟠$^1$   |   🟠$^1$   |     🟠$^1$     |  🟠$^1$  |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |   🟠$^1$   |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonObject               |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |   🟠$^3$   |  🟠$^4$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| BsonArray                |     🔴     |     🔴      |    🔴    |      🔴      |    🔴     |    🔴     |     🔴     |       🔴       |    🔴    |   🟢    |  🟠$^1$   |     🔴     |  🟠$^5$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+| ComputedBsonType         |   🟠$^6$   |   🟠$^6$    |  🟠$^6$  |    🟠$^6$    |  🟠$^6$   |  🟠$^6$   |   🟠$^6$   |     🟠$^6$     |  🟠$^6$  | 🟠$^6$  |  🟠$^6$   |   🟠$^6$   |  🟠$^6$   | 🟠$^6$           |
+
+* 🟠$^1$: $A$ is assignable to $BsonAnyOf(B)$ only if $A$ is assignable to $B$.
+* 🟠$^2$: It's assignable but there might be a significant loss of precision.
+* 🟠$^3$: $BsonObject A$ is assignable to $B$ if $A$ is a subset of $B$.
+* 🟠$^4$: $A$ is assignable to $BsonArray(B)$ only if $A$ is assignable to $B$.
+* 🟠$^5$: $BsonArray(A)$ is assignable to $BsonArray(B)$ only if $A$ is assignable to $B$.
+* 🟠$^6$: $A$ is assignable to $ComputedBsonType(BaseType)$ only if $A$ is assignable to $BaseType$.
+
+### Type mapping
+
+#### Java
+
+| Java Type     | Bson Type                           |
+|:--------------|:------------------------------------|
+| null          | BsonNull                            |
+| float         | BsonDouble                          |
+| Float         | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonDouble)     |
+| double        | BsonDouble                          |
+| Double        | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonDouble)     |
+| BigDecimal    | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonDecimal128) |
+| boolean       | BsonBoolean                         |
+| short         | BsonInt32                           |
+| Short         | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonInt32)      |
+| int           | BsonInt32                           |
+| Integer       | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonInt32)      |
+| BigInteger    | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonInt64)      |
+| long          | BsonInt64                           |
+| Long          | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonInt64)      |
+| CharSequence  | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonString)     |
+| String        | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonString)     |
+| Date          | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonDate)       |
+| Instant       | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonDate)       |
+| LocalDate     | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonDate)       |
+| LocalDateTime | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonDate)       |
+| Collection<T> | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonArray(T))   |
+| Map<K, V>     | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonObject)     |
+| Object        | BsonAnyOf(BsonNull, BsonObject)     |

packages/mongodb-mql-model/src/docs/md/mql-component/mql-component.md

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+# MQL Component
+---------------
+
+## Abstract
+
+This specification documents the structure of an MQL Component from a mixed perspective of both
+the original source code and the target server that might run the query. It is primarily aimed
+to provide developers of dialects and linters a common and flexible structure for code processing.
+
+## META
+
+The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY"
+and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt).
+
+## Specification
+
+MQL Components (from now on just components) encapsulate units of meaning of an MQL query. Components
+MAY be related to how a target MongoDB Cluster can process a query. Components MAY contain other components
+or MQL Nodes.
+
+Components are categorised as:
+
+* Leaf components: they don't contain other components or nodes.
+* Non-leaf components: they contain other components or nodes.
+
+Components MUST be part of a Node, they are meaningless outside of it. Components MAY be found
+more than once in the same node.
+
+## List of Components
+
+### HasAccumulatedFields
+
+Contains a list of Nodes that represent the accumulated fields of a group operation. Each
+node MUST represent one accumulated field and it's accumulator.
+
+### HasAddedFields
+
+Contains a list of Nodes that represent fields added to a document. For example, through the
+$addFields aggregation stage. Each node MUST represent one added field.
+
+### HasAggregation
+
+Contains a list of Nodes, where each node MUST represent one single aggregation stage.
+
+### HasCollectionReference
+
+Contains information whether this query or a specific subquery targets a specific collection. The
+reference MUST be one of the following variants:
+
+* **Unknown**: there is a collection reference, but we don't know on which collection.
+* **OnlyCollection**: there is a collection reference, but we only know the collection, not the full namespace.
+* **Known**: both the collection and database are known.
+
+### HasFieldReference
+
+Contains information of a field. The field MAY be used for filtering, computing or aggregating data. 
+There are different variants depending on the amount of information we have at the moment of parsing the query.
+The variant MUST be one of the following:
+
+* **Unknown**: we couldn't infer any information from the field.
+* **FromSchema**: the field MUST be in the schema of the target collection.
+* **Inferred**: Refers to a field that is not explicitly specified in the code. For example:
+Filters.eq(A) refers to the _id field.
+* **Computed**: Refers to a field that is not part of the schema because it's newly computed.
+
+### HasFilter
+
+Contains a list of Nodes that represent the filter of a query. It MAY not contain any
+node for empty queries.
+
+### HasProjections
+
+Contains a list of Node that represents the projections of a $project stage. It MAY not
+contain any node for empty projections.
+
+### HasSorts
+
+Contains a list of Node that represent the sorting criteria of a $sort stage. It MAY not
+contain any node if the sort criteria is still not defined.
+
+### HasSourceDialect
+
+Identifies the source dialect that parsed this query. It MUST be one of the valid dialects:
+
+* Java Driver
+* Spring Criteria
+* Spring @Query
+
+### HasTargetCluster
+
+Identifies the version of the cluster that MAY run the query. It MUST be a valid released MongoDB 
+version.
+
+### HasUpdates
+
+Contains a list of Node representing updates to a document. It MAY be empty if no updates are
+specified yet.
+
+### HasValueReference
+
+Identifies a value in a query. Usually a value is the right side of a comparison,
+but it can be used in different places, like for computing aggregation expressions.
+
+It MUST be one of these variants:
+
+* **Unknown**: We don't have any information of the provided value.
+* **Constant**: It's a value that can be resolved without evaluating it. A literal value is a constant.
+* **Inferred**: It's a value that could be inferred from other operations. For example, Sort.ascending("field") would have an Inferred(1).
+* **Runtime**: It's a value that could not be resolved without evaluating it, but we have enough information
+to infer its runtime type. For example, a parameter from a method.
+* **Computed**: Refers to a computed expression in the MongoDB Cluster, like a $expr node.
+
+### IsCommand
+
+References the command that will be evaluated in the MongoDB cluster. The list of
+valid commands can be found in the IsCommand.kt file.
+
+### Named
+
+References the name of the operation that is being referenced in the node. The list
+of valid names can be found in the Named.kt file.