Avoid using 'apt-key add' on Debian 12

Check which version of Debian the script is run as and place the key in
/usr/share/keyrings, as per the official recommendation.

linux/installation/mde_installer.sh

@@ -544,7 +544,12 @@ install_on_debian()
     run_quietly "mv ./microsoft.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-$CHANNEL.list" "unable to copy repo to location" $ERR_FAILED_REPO_SETUP
 
     ### Fetch the gpg key ###
-    run_quietly "curl -s https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -" "unable to fetch the gpg key" $ERR_FAILED_REPO_SETUP
+    if [[ $SCALED_VERSION == 12* ]]; then
+        run_quietly "curl -s https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg" "unable to fetch the gpg key" $ERR_FAILED_REPO_SETUP
+    else
+        run_quietly "curl -s https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -" "unable to fetch the gpg key" $ERR_FAILED_REPO_SETUP
+    fi
+
     run_quietly "apt-get update" "[!] unable to refresh the repos properly"
 
     ### Install MDE ###