add euler042 and euler045 solutions (#4)

euler0XX/euler042.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from string import ascii_uppercase
+
+triangle_numbers = [n * (n + 1) // 2 for n in range(40)]
+
+with open("euler042_words.txt", "r") as fp:
+    words = sorted(word[1:-1] for word in fp.read().split(","))
+
+count = 0
+for word in words:
+    score = sum(ascii_uppercase.index(letter) + 1 for letter in word)
+    if score in triangle_numbers:
+        count = count + 1
+
+print(count)

euler0XX/euler045.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from itertools import count
+
+for h in count(144):
+    y = 2 * h * h - h
+    p = (1 + (1 + 24 * y) ** 0.5) / 6
+    if p.is_integer():
+        print(y)
+        break