Refactor compiletime derivatives

[dschwen]

Reason

Eventually I'd like to allow more types and derivatives w.r.t more types (vectors, tensors) in this system, so I'm tring to make the typing more flexible

Design

Use auto more for result types. Make use of std::declval where appropriate.

Impact

Improved code.

[moosebuild]

Job Precheck, step Clang format on b632730 wanted to post the following:

Your code requires style changes.

A patch was auto generated and copied here
You can directly apply the patch by running, in the top level of your repository:

curl -s https://mooseframework.inl.gov/docs/PRs/29666/clang_format/style.patch | git apply -v

Alternatively, with your repository up to date and in the top level of your repository:

git clang-format e193a3d452b52030c368f8b0e4cb692ef0113925