Introduce kinds backed by asset spec tags (#23779)

## Summary

Introduces a `kinds` property to `AssetSpec`, a set of strings representing compute, storage etc kinds, based on dagster-io/internal#10821 (comment). These kinds are backed by specially constructed tags of the form `dagster/kind/python`, `dagster/kind/snowflake` which canonically have empty `""` values.

Right now, we expect these tags to be only set by internal Dagster code (e.g. integrations). A subsequent, stacked PR (#24154) introduces a top-level `kinds` parameter, which is immediately converted to this special tag format.

## Test Plan

Unit tests.

python_modules/dagster-graphql/dagster_graphql/schema/asset_graph.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 )
 from dagster._core.snap.node import GraphDefSnap, OpDefSnap
 from dagster._core.storage.batch_asset_record_loader import BatchAssetRecordLoader
+from dagster._core.storage.tags import KIND_PREFIX
 from dagster._core.utils import is_valid_email
 from dagster._core.workspace.permissions import Permissions
 from dagster._utils.caching_instance_queryer import CachingInstanceQueryer
@@ -300,6 +301,7 @@ class GrapheneAssetNode(graphene.ObjectType):
     partitionStats = graphene.Field(GraphenePartitionStats)
     metadata_entries = non_null_list(GrapheneMetadataEntry)
     tags = non_null_list(GrapheneDefinitionTag)
+    kinds = non_null_list(graphene.String)
     op = graphene.Field(GrapheneSolidDefinition)
     opName = graphene.String()
     opNames = non_null_list(graphene.String)
@@ -1214,6 +1216,16 @@ def resolve_tags(self, _graphene_info: ResolveInfo) -> Sequence[GrapheneDefiniti
             for key, value in (self._external_asset_node.tags or {}).items()
         ]
 
+    def resolve_kinds(self, _graphene_info: ResolveInfo) -> Sequence[str]:
+        if self._external_asset_node.compute_kind:
+            return [self._external_asset_node.compute_kind]
+
+        return [
+            key[len(KIND_PREFIX) :]
+            for key in (self._external_asset_node.tags or {}).keys()
+            if key.startswith(KIND_PREFIX)
+        ]
+
     def resolve_op(
         self, _graphene_info: ResolveInfo
     ) -> Optional[Union[GrapheneSolidDefinition, GrapheneCompositeSolidDefinition]]: