CO2_Climate_Analysis

Austin Schwinn

March 9, 2017

Analysis of CO2 as the primary driver of climate change

REFERENCES

• DiChristopher, Tom. "EPA Chief Scott Pruitt Says Carbon Dioxide Is Not a Primary Contributor to Global Warming." CNBC. CNBC, 10 Mar. 2017. Web. 10 Mar. 2017.

• Kohske. "Dual Axis in ggplot2." RPubs.com. 2013. 9 Mar. 2017.

• “Climate Change Indicators in the United States." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 19 Dec. 2016. Web. 9 Mar. 2017.

• Schipani, Vanessa. "Precision in Climate Science." FactCheck.org. SciCheck, 3 Mar. 2017. Web. 9 Mar. 2017.

• "Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis." Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. WMO UNEP, 2013. Web. 9 Mar. 2017.

• "Berkeley Earth Global Climate Change Data." Data.World. Data Society, 2015. Web. 9 Mar. 2017.

• Butler, James H. "The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI)." NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Global Monitoring Division, Spring 2016. Web. 9 Mar. 2017.

• "National Climate Assessment." GlobalChange.gov. US Global Change Research Program, 2014. Web. 9 Mar. 2017.

• Melillo, Jerry M., Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and Gary W. Yohe, Eds., 2014: Highlights of Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment. U.S. Global Change Research Program, 148 pp.

All the following are the 10 EPA combined underlying datasets:

• EPICA Dome C and Vostok Station, Antarctica: approximately 796,562 BCE to 1813 CE: Lüthi, D., M. Le Floch, B. Bereiter, T. Blunier, J.-M. Barnola, U. Siegenthaler, D. Raynaud, J. Jouzel, H. Fischer, K. Kawamura, and T.F. Stocker. 2008. High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present. Nature 453:379–382. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/pubs/luethi2008/luethi2008.html.

• Law Dome, Antarctica, 75-year smoothed: approximately 1010 CE to 1975 CE: Etheridge, D.M., L.P. Steele, R.L. Langenfelds, R.J. Francey, J.-M. Barnola, and V.I. Morgan. 1998. Historical CO2 records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS ice cores. In: Trends: A compendium of data on global change. Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy. Accessed September 14, 2005. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html.

• Siple Station, Antarctica: approximately 1744 CE to 1953 CE: Neftel, A., H. Friedli, E. Moor, H. Lötscher, H. Oeschger, U. Siegenthaler, and B. Stauffer. 1994. Historical carbon dioxide record from the Siple Station ice core. In: Trends: A compendium of data on global change. Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy. Accessed September 14, 2005. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/siple.html.

• Mauna Loa, Hawaii: 1959 CE to 2015 CE: NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2016. Annual mean carbon dioxide concentrations for Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Accessed April 14, 2016. ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/products/trends/co2/co2_annmean_mlo.txt.

• Barrow, Alaska: 1974 CE to 2014 CE: Cape Matatula, American Samoa: 1976 CE to 2014 CE

• South Pole, Antarctica: 1976 CE to 2014 CE: NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2016. Monthly mean carbon dioxide concentrations for Barrow, Alaska; Cape Matatula, American Samoa; and the South Pole. Accessed April 14, 2016. ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/co2/in-situ/surface. Cape Grim, Australia: 1992 CE to 2006 CE

• Shetland Islands, Scotland: 1993 CE to 2002 CE: Steele, L.P., P.B. Krummel, and R.L. Langenfelds. 2007. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ppmv) derived from flask air samples collected at Cape Grim, Australia, and Shetland Islands, Scotland. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Accessed January 20, 2009. http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/co2/csiro.

• Lampedusa Island, Italy: 1993 CE to 2000 CE: Chamard, P., L. Ciattaglia, A. di Sarra, and F. Monteleone. 2001. Atmospheric carbon dioxide record from flask measurements at Lampedusa Island. In: Trends: A compendium of data on global change. Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy. Accessed September 14, 2005. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lampis.html.