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Remove deprecated section.
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kwbunker committed Feb 4, 2025
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52 changes: 23 additions & 29 deletions _includes/lab4.html
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Expand Up @@ -133,32 +133,28 @@ <h1 class="title">Contents</h1>
<li><a href="#lab-activities-1"><span
class="toc-section-number">6</span> Lab Activities</a>
<ul>
<li><a
href="#the-function-generator-and-its-output-impedance."><span
class="toc-section-number">6.1</span> The Function Generator
and Its Output Impedance.</a></li>
<li><a href="#building-an-op-amp-test-circuit"><span
class="toc-section-number">6.2</span> Building an op-amp
class="toc-section-number">6.1</span> Building an op-amp
test circuit</a></li>
<li><a href="#voltage-buffer"><span
class="toc-section-number">6.3</span> Voltage
class="toc-section-number">6.2</span> Voltage
Buffer</a></li>
<li><a href="#non-inverting-amplifier-1"><span
class="toc-section-number">6.4</span> Non-Inverting
class="toc-section-number">6.3</span> Non-Inverting
Amplifier</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#frequency-limitations-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="toc-section-number">6.4.1</span> Frequency
class="toc-section-number">6.3.1</span> Frequency
limitations of the amplifier</a></li>
<li><a
href="#output-voltage-limitations-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="toc-section-number">6.4.2</span> Output voltage
class="toc-section-number">6.3.2</span> Output voltage
limitations of the amplifier</a></li>
<li><a href="#input-impedance-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="toc-section-number">6.4.3</span> Input impedance of
class="toc-section-number">6.3.3</span> Input impedance of
the amplifier</a></li>
<li><a href="#output-impedance-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="toc-section-number">6.4.4</span> Output impedance of
class="toc-section-number">6.3.4</span> Output impedance of
the amplifier</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1106,10 +1102,8 @@ <h1 data-number="5" id="ic-tips"><span
</ol>
<h1 data-number="6" id="lab-activities-1"><span
class="header-section-number">6</span> Lab Activities</h1>
<h2 data-number="6.1"
id="the-function-generator-and-its-output-impedance."><span
class="header-section-number">6.1</span> The Function Generator
and Its Output Impedance.</h2>
<!--## The Function Generator and Its Output Impedance.
<!--Remember last week when we set the function generator to an output termination of *High Z*? We want to do this EVERY TIME we use the function generator in this class. This does not change the output impedance of the function generator: it's ALWAYS $50\ \Omega$, but by default, it *assumes* you are impedance matching everything with $50\ \Omega$ (this is important at high frequencies; feel free to ask an instructor if you're curious to hear more).
When the output goes through a $50\ \Omega$ load (i.e. $50\ \Omega$ termination), the voltage output will divide over the output impedance and the load, so only half the voltage will be applied to the load $\frac{50\ \Omega}{50\ \Omega+50\ \Omega} = \frac{1}{2}$. When the output termination **setting** is set to $50\ \Omega$, the device will assume half the voltage will drop across the output impedance, and display only half the voltage being applied (since this will be how much is expected to reach the $50\ \Omega$ termination). Since we won't be doing any $50\ \Omega$ impedance matching, we always want set the function generator to be in *High Z* mode and know that if the termination impedance is small, that this will voltage divide with the $50\ \Omega$ output impedance of the function generator. If you don't remember how to change this setting, refer to Appendix B in Lab 1.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1147,9 +1141,9 @@ <h1 data-number="6" id="lab-activities-1"><span
2. Draw a full circuit diagram which describes why this behavior is happening. *Hint*: there should be 3 resistors: the output impedance of the function generator, the impedance of the speaker, and the input impedance of the oscilliscope.
Since the impedance of the speaker can't be changed, in order to get the full voltage to the speaker, you will have to decrease the output impedance. This can be done with a voltage buffer.-->
<h2 data-number="6.2"
<h2 data-number="6.1"
id="building-an-op-amp-test-circuit"><span
class="header-section-number">6.2</span> Building an op-amp
class="header-section-number">6.1</span> Building an op-amp
test circuit</h2>
<p>Before you build any useful op-amp circuits, let’s build a
simple means to test if an op-amp chip is functioning.</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1190,8 +1184,8 @@ <h1 data-number="6" id="lab-activities-1"><span
chip, throw it in the trash and grab another (In case you are
wondering, the LF356 costs less than $1). If you’re not sure,
grab an instructor and have them take a look with you.</p>
<h2 data-number="6.3" id="voltage-buffer"><span
class="header-section-number">6.3</span> Voltage Buffer</h2>
<h2 data-number="6.2" id="voltage-buffer"><span
class="header-section-number">6.2</span> Voltage Buffer</h2>
<div id="fig:voltage-follower" class="fignos">
<figure>
<img src="../resources/lab4fig/voltage-follower.png"
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1295,8 +1289,8 @@ <h2 data-number="6.3" id="voltage-buffer"><span
6. If you observed ideal behavior, you're lucky! At frequencies above a few MHz, the simple model of the frequency response of the op-amp is not accurate. Once you are in this frequency range, many physical details of your circuit and breadboard can have large effects in the circuit (see notes in 7.1.4 above). You could model these effects, but a better procedure to follow is to modify the physical setup. Building reliable circuits at these frequencies typically requires careful attention to grounding and minimization of capacitive and inductive coupling between circuit elements and to ground. Printed circuit boards are much better for high-frequency applications. At lower frequencies, our model of the circuit will work much better.
-->
<h2 data-number="6.4" id="non-inverting-amplifier-1"><span
class="header-section-number">6.4</span> Non-Inverting
<h2 data-number="6.3" id="non-inverting-amplifier-1"><span
class="header-section-number">6.3</span> Non-Inverting
Amplifier</h2>
<div id="fig:non-inv-amp" class="fignos">
<figure>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1333,9 +1327,9 @@ <h2 data-number="6.4" id="non-inverting-amplifier-1"><span
class="math inline">\(V_\text{out}\)</span> and then calculate
the gain. How does this compare to your prediction?</p></li>
</ol>
<h3 data-number="6.4.1"
<h3 data-number="6.3.1"
id="frequency-limitations-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="header-section-number">6.4.1</span> Frequency
class="header-section-number">6.3.1</span> Frequency
limitations of the amplifier</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Set the frequency to the calculated 3 dB frequency and
Expand All @@ -1354,9 +1348,9 @@ <h2 data-number="6.4" id="non-inverting-amplifier-1"><span
Bandwidth Product along with these data points. Do your
measurements agree with the model?</p></li>
</ol>
<h3 data-number="6.4.2"
<h3 data-number="6.3.2"
id="output-voltage-limitations-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="header-section-number">6.4.2</span> Output voltage
class="header-section-number">6.3.2</span> Output voltage
limitations of the amplifier</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Return the frequency to a “low” frequency when <span
Expand All @@ -1378,9 +1372,9 @@ <h2 data-number="6.4" id="non-inverting-amplifier-1"><span
the amplitude of the input so that the output is within this
range.</p></li>
</ol>
<h3 data-number="6.4.3"
<h3 data-number="6.3.3"
id="input-impedance-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="header-section-number">6.4.3</span> Input impedance of
class="header-section-number">6.3.3</span> Input impedance of
the amplifier</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li>Unplug <span class="math inline">\(V_\text{in}\)</span>
Expand All @@ -1403,9 +1397,9 @@ <h2 data-number="6.4" id="non-inverting-amplifier-1"><span
this resistor affect the circuit?</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<h3 data-number="6.4.4"
<h3 data-number="6.3.4"
id="output-impedance-of-the-amplifier"><span
class="header-section-number">6.4.4</span> Output impedance of
class="header-section-number">6.3.4</span> Output impedance of
the amplifier</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Consider driving a load with resistance <span
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion raw-content/lab4-raw.md
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Expand Up @@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ In this lab, we will use ICs (integrated circuits) for the first time. ICs come

# Lab Activities

## The Function Generator and Its Output Impedance.
<!--## The Function Generator and Its Output Impedance.
<!--Remember last week when we set the function generator to an output termination of *High Z*? We want to do this EVERY TIME we use the function generator in this class. This does not change the output impedance of the function generator: it's ALWAYS $50\ \Omega$, but by default, it *assumes* you are impedance matching everything with $50\ \Omega$ (this is important at high frequencies; feel free to ask an instructor if you're curious to hear more).
Expand Down

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