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- added new grammar points to the grammar index. (#295)
  - Short Forms in Quoted Speech (～と思います)
  - Short Forms in Quoted Speech (～と言っていました)
  - ～ないでください
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SethClydesdale committed Jan 21, 2025
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216 changes: 214 additions & 2 deletions lessons-3rd/appendix/grammar-index/index.html
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Expand Up @@ -380,8 +380,8 @@ <h3 id="note-2" class="workbook-title">Abbreviations used in the Grammar Notes</
</tr>

<tr>
<td class="center">plain</td>
<td>plain form, also called "short form," "informal form," etc.</td>
<td class="center">short</td>
<td>short form, also called "plain form," "informal form," etc.</td>
<td><ruby>話<rt>はな</rt></ruby>す; <ruby>話<rt>はな</rt></ruby>した; <ruby>高<rt>たか</rt></ruby>い; <ruby>静<rt>しず</rt></ruby>かだった</td>
</tr>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -4665,6 +4665,218 @@ <h3 id="l8-p2" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="casual speech、plain speec
</tr>
</table><br>

<h3 id="l8-p3" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="と思います、とおもいます、toomoimasu、と思う、とおもう、toomou、I think that...、I don't think that...">3. Short Forms in Quoted Speech (～と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います) <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.192-193</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>
メアリーさんも<ruby>来<rt>く</rt></ruby>る<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います</strong>。【Dialogue I: //.3】<br>
<strong class="main-color">I think</strong> Mary will come, too.
</li>
<li>
<ruby>何<rt>なに</rt></ruby>もいらない<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います</strong>。【Dialogue I: //.7】<br>
<strong class="main-color">I think</strong> nothing is needed.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
To describe what you're thinking, you use the short form, plus と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います (I think that...). と here acts as a quotation particle, which does that job of both the English word "that" in indirect quotation and of quotation marks (" ") in direct quotation.
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">(<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>は)たけしさんはメアリーさんが<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きだ<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います</strong>。</div>
<div class="example"><strong class="main-color">I think</strong> Takeshi likes Mary.</div>
</div>
If you want to say that you <em>don't think</em> something is the case, it is more common in Japanese to negate the sentence before the quotation particle ～<span class="ul-color">ない</span>と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います (I <em>think</em> that something is <em>not</em> the case) rather than saying ～と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>いません (I don't think).
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">(<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>は)メアリーさんはたけしさんが<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>き<span class="ul-color">じゃない</span><strong class="main-color">と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います</strong>。</div>
<div class="example"><strong class="main-color">I</strong> <span class="ul-color">don't</span> <strong class="main-color">think</strong> Mary likes Takeshi. (=<strong class="main-color">I think</strong> Mary <span class="ul-color">doesn't</span> like Takeshi.)</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>英訳<rt>えいやく</rt></ruby></td>
<td>I think that...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>文型<rt>ぶんけい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
a. shortと<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>う = I think...<br>
b. short-negと<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>う = I don't think...
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>例文<rt>れいぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ol>
<li>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example"><ruby>明日<rt>あした</rt></ruby>は<ruby>雨<rt>あめ</rt></ruby>が<ruby>降<rt>ふ</rt></ruby>る<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います</strong>。</div>
<div class="example"><strong class="main-color">I think</strong> it's going to rain tomorrow.</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ex-list">
<td><ruby>練習<rt>れんしゅう</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../lesson-8/grammar-5/">Practice: Quotations (～と思います) 1</a></li>
<li><a href="../../lesson-8/grammar-6/">Practice: Quotations (～と思います) 2</a></li>
<li><a href="../../lesson-8/workbook-3/">Workbook: Quotations (～と思います)</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>

<h3 id="l8-p4" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="と言っていました、といっていました、toitteimashita、と言いました、といいました、toiimashita、と言った、といった、toitta、he said...、she said...">4. Short Forms in Quoted Speech (～と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました) <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.193</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>
ケンさんはアルバイトがある<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました</strong>。【Dialogue I: //.5】<br>
Ken <strong class="main-color">said</strong> he had a part-time job.
</li>
<li>
メアリーさんも<ruby>来<rt>く</rt></ruby>る<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました</strong>から。【Dialogue II: //.7】<br>
Mary <strong class="main-color">said</strong> that she would come.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
To quote what a person said, you use the short form plus と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました (He/she said "..."). The tense of the original utterance is preserved in the quotation.
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">ヤスミンさんは、あした<ruby>試験<rt>しけん</rt></ruby>がある<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました</strong>。</div>
<div class="example">Yasmin <strong class="main-color">said</strong> that there would be an exam tomorrow.</div>
</div>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example"><ruby>山下先生<rt>やました</rt></ruby>は<ruby>結婚<rt>けっこん</rt></ruby>していない<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました</strong>。</div>
<div class="example">Professor Yamashita <strong class="main-color">said</strong> that he is not married.</div>
</div>
The action in progress expression in と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>って<span class="ul-color">いました</span> indicates that you were there when somebody said that, as in "I heard them saying..." If you were not there when the utterance was made, と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>いました is more appropriate.
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">ベンジャミン・フランクリンは<ruby>準備<rt>じゅんび</rt></ruby>の<ruby>失敗<rt>しっぱい</rt></ruby>は<ruby>失敗<rt>しっぱい</rt></ruby>の<ruby>準備<rt>じゅんび</rt></ruby>だ<strong class="main-color">と言いました</strong>。</div>
<div class="example">Benjamin Franklin once <strong class="main-color">said</strong> "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail."</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>英訳<rt>えいやく</rt></ruby></td>
<td>He/she said "..."</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>文型<rt>ぶんけい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
a. shortと{<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました／<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていた} (if present during utterance)<br>
b. shortと{<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>いました／<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>った} (if not present during utterance)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>例文<rt>れいぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ol>
<li>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example"><ruby>彼女<rt>かのじょ</rt></ruby>は<ruby>猫<rt>ねこ</rt></ruby>が<ruby>好<rt>す</rt></ruby>きだ<strong class="main-color">と<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>っていました</strong>。</div>
<div class="example">My girlfriend <strong class="main-color">said</strong> that she likes cats.</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ex-list">
<td><ruby>練習<rt>れんしゅう</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../lesson-8/grammar-7/">Practice: Quotations (～と言っていました)</a></li>
<li><a href="../../lesson-8/workbook-4/">Workbook: Quotations (～と言っていました)</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>

<h3 id="l8-p5" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="ないで下さい、naidekudasai、please don't、please do not">5. ～ないでください <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.194</span></h3>
<table class="table grammar-table">
<tr>
<td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li>
あっ、まだ飲ま<strong class="main-color">ないでください</strong>。【Dialogue II: //.6】<br>
Ah, <strong class="main-color">please don't</strong> drink yet.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
To politely request that someone refrain from doing something, one can use a negative short form of a verb plus でください.
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">ここで<ruby>写真<rt>しゃしん</rt></ruby>を<ruby>撮<rt>と</rt></ruby>ら<strong class="main-color">ないでください</strong>。</div>
<div class="example"><strong class="main-color">Please don't</strong> take pictures here.</div>
</div>

<span class="box-color bg spaced">　verb (short, negative) + でください = Please don't...　</span>
<br>
ないでください is often a better response to a てもいいですか question than <a href="##l6-p5">てはいけません</a> due to its softer tone. てはいけません on the other hand has a harsher feel to it due to being used mainly by those in a position of authority or for prohibitory signs/rules.
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example">
Ａ：この<ruby>部屋<rt>へや</rt></ruby>に<ruby>入<rt>はい</rt></ruby>ってもいいですか。<br>
　　May I enter this room?<br>
Ｂ：<ruby>入<rt>はい</rt></ruby>ら<strong class="main-color">ないでください</strong>。<br>
　　<strong class="main-color">Please don't</strong>.
</div>
<div class="example">
<span class="hidden">＿</span><br>
<span class="hidden">＿</span><br>
Compare: <ruby>入<rt>はい</rt></ruby>ってはいけません。<br>
(Implies that you are in a position of authority.)
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>英訳<rt>えいやく</rt></ruby></td>
<td>Please don't...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>文型<rt>ぶんけい</rt></ruby></td>
<td>short-negでください</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><ruby>例文<rt>れいぶん</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ol>
<li>
<div class="columns-2-in">
<div class="example"><ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>のピザを<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べ<strong class="main-color">ないでください</strong>。</div>
<div class="example"><strong class="main-color">Please don't</strong> eat my pizza.</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ex-list">
<td><ruby>練習<rt>れんしゅう</rt></ruby></td>
<td>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../lesson-8/grammar-8/">Practice: ～ないでください</a></li>
<li><a href="../../lesson-8/workbook-5/">Workbook: ～ないでください</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table><br>

<br><h3 id="placeholder" class="workbook-title"><em>More coming soon...</em></h3>
</div>

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Expand Up @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
<script>Genki.generateQuiz({
format : 'practice',
type : ['multi', 'fill'],
info : 'Make a guess about Mary, using ～と思います.',
info : 'Make a guess about Mary, using {!GRI|～と思います|l8-p3}.',

quizlet : [
[
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Expand Up @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
<script>Genki.generateQuiz({
format : 'practice',
type : ['multi', 'fill'],
info : ['Make a guess about Professor Yamashita and the place in the image below and answer the following questions.<br>Problems 1-10 are based on Picture A and Problems 11-16 are based on Picture B.', 'Make a guess about Professor Yamashita and the place below and answer the following questions.'],
info : ['Make a guess about Professor Yamashita and the place in the image below using {!GRI|～と思います|l8-p3} and answer the following questions.<br>Problems 1-10 are based on Picture A and Problems 11-16 are based on Picture B.', 'Make a guess about Professor Yamashita and the place below and answer the following questions.'],

quizlet : [
[
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Expand Up @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
<script>Genki.generateQuiz({
format : 'practice',
type : ['multi', 'fill'],
info : 'Report what the following people said, using ～と言っていました.',
info : 'Report what the following people said, using {!GRI|～と言っていました|l8-p4}.',

quizlet : [
[
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Expand Up @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
<script>Genki.generateQuiz({
format : 'practice',
type : ['multi', 'fill'],
info : 'What would these people say when they want someone to refrain from doing the following things.',
info : 'What would these people say when they want someone to refrain from doing the following things.<br>{!GRI|Click here|l8-p5} to review ～ないでください.',

quizlet : [
[
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions lessons-3rd/lesson-8/workbook-3/index.html
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Expand Up @@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
<script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
<script>Genki.generateQuiz({
type : 'fill',
info : 'Practice what you know about quotations in the following problems, using ～と思います.',
info : 'Practice what you know about quotations in the following problems, using {!GRI|～と思います|l8-p3}.',

quizlet :
'<div class="count-problems">'+
'<p class="sectionDesc3rd"><span class="sectionNumber3rd">I</span>Translate the following sentences. In sentences 4-6 "I don\'t think..." should be translated as ～ないと<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います.</p>'+
'<p class="sectionDesc3rd"><span class="sectionNumber3rd">I</span>Translate the following sentences. In sentences 4-6 "I don\'t think..." should be translated as {!GRI|～<span class="ul-color">ない</span>と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います|l8-p3}.</p>'+
'<div class="problem">'+
'I think Professor Yamashita is good-looking.<br>'+
'{山下先生はかっこいいと思います|やましたせんせいはかっこいいとおもいます|' + Genki.getAlts('{山下}{先生}はかっこ{い}いと{思}います', 'やました|せんせい|良|おも') + Genki.getAlts('{山下}{先生}はかっこ{よ}いと{思}います', 'やました|せんせい|良|おも') + 'answer}。'+
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
'</div><br>'+

'<div class="count-problems">'+
'<p class="sectionDesc3rd"><span class="sectionNumber3rd">II</span>Answer the following questions, using ～と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います.</p>'+
'<p class="sectionDesc3rd"><span class="sectionNumber3rd">II</span>Answer the following questions, using {!GRI|～と<ruby>思<rt>おも</rt></ruby>います|l8-p3}.</p>'+
'<div class="problem">'+
'あしたはどんな<ruby>天気<rt>てんき</rt></ruby>ですか。<br>'+
'(I think it will rain tomorrow.)<br>'+
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Expand Up @@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
<script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
<script>Genki.generateQuiz({
type : 'fill',
info : 'You are interviewing Mr. Tanaka. Report what he said using ～と言っていました.',
info : 'You are interviewing Mr. Tanaka. Report what he said using {!GRI|～と言っていました|l8-p4}.',

quizlet :
'<div class="count-problems">'+
'<p class="sectionDesc3rd"><span class="sectionNumber3rd fa">&#xf054;</span>Report Mr. Tanaka\'s answers in Japanese using ～と言っていました.</p>'+
'<p class="sectionDesc3rd"><span class="sectionNumber3rd fa">&#xf054;</span>Report Mr. Tanaka\'s answers in Japanese using {!GRI|～と言っていました|l8-p4}.</p>'+
'<div class="example-problem">'+
'<div class="inner-problem valign-top">'+
'○○：<ruby>大学生<rt>だいがくせい</rt></ruby>ですか。　<ruby>田中<rt>たなか</rt></ruby>さん：I am a college student.<br>'+
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