add new grammar points

- added new grammar points to the grammar index. (#295)
  - Past Tense Short Forms
  - Past Tense Short Forms in Informal Speech

lessons-3rd/appendix/conjugation-chart/index.html

@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ <h3 class="sub-title">Genki I</h3>
               <td style="width:25px">dictionary forms</td>
               <td style="width:134px">long forms<br>(<a href="../grammar-index/#l3-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L3</a>)</td>
               <td style="width:134px">te-forms<br>(<a href="../grammar-index/#l6-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L6</a>)</td>
-              <td style="width:134px">short past<br>(<a href="../../#lesson-9" target="_blank">L9</a>)</td>
+              <td style="width:134px">short past<br>(<a href="../grammar-index/#l9-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L9</a>)</td>
               <td style="width:134px">short present neg.<br>(<a href="../grammar-index/#l8-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L8</a>)</td>
-              <td style="width:134px">short past neg.<br>(<a href="../../#lesson-9" target="_blank">L9</a>)</td>
+              <td style="width:134px">short past neg.<br>(<a href="../grammar-index/#l9-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L9</a>)</td>
             </tr>
 
             <tr>

lessons-3rd/appendix/grammar-index/index.html

@@ -5171,7 +5171,196 @@ <h2 id="lesson-grammar-9" class="lesson-title">Lesson 9: Kabuki (かぶき) <spa
         </div>
         <div class="center"><button id="toggler-9" class="button grammar-toggler" onclick="GRIndex.toggle(this, 9);"><i class="fa">&#xf07c;</i>Show Grammar Points</button></div>
         <div id="exercises-9" class="lesson-exercises">
-          <br><h3 id="placeholder" class="workbook-title"><em>Coming soon...</em></h3>
+          <h3 id="l9-p1" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="conjugation、plain form、informal form、direct style">1. Past Tense Short Forms <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.214</span></h3>
+          <table class="table grammar-table">
+            <tr>
+              <td><ruby>本文<rt>ほんぶん</rt></ruby></td>
+              <td>
+                <ul>
+                  <li>
+                    かぶきのチケットを<ruby>二枚<rt>にまい</rt></ruby><strong class="main-color">もらった</strong>から、<ruby>見<rt>み</rt></ruby>に<ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby>きませんか。【Dialogue I: //.4】<br>
+                    I <strong class="main-color">got</strong> two tickets for Kabuki, so would you like to go to see it?
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+            <tr>
+              <td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
+              <td>
+                The past tense short form has eight forms, but you only need to learn three rules.<br>
+                <ol>
+                  <li>Verbs: Replace the te-form endings て and で with た and だ.</li>
+                  <li>い-adjectives: Replace the last い with かった. You may also think of this in terms of "dropping です from the long form."</li>
+                  <li>な-adjectives: Replace the long form でした ending with だった.</li>
+                </ol>
+                Negation: ない conjugates as an い-adjective. Therefore, for all categories, you replace the last ない with なかった.
+                <table class="table alt-cell-color">
+                  <tr class="table-head">
+                    <td class="main-color">Past, affirmative</td>
+                    <td></td>
+                    <td>compare with:</td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">verbs:</td>
+                    <td>
+                      <ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べ<span class="ul-color">た</span><br>
+                      <ruby>読<rt>よ</rt></ruby>ん<span class="ul-color">だ</span>
+                    </td>
+                    <td>
+                      <ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べ<span class="ul-color">て</span><br>
+                      <ruby>読<rt>よ</rt></ruby>ん<span class="ul-color">で</span>
+                    </td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">い-adjectives:</td>
+                    <td>かわい<span class="ul-color">かった</span></td>
+                    <td>かわいい／かわい<span class="ul-color">かったです</span></td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">な-adjectives:</td>
+                    <td><ruby>静<rt>しず</rt></ruby>か<span class="ul-color">だった</span></td>
+                    <td><ruby>静<rt>しず</rt></ruby>か<span class="ul-color">でした</span></td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">noun+です:</td>
+                    <td><ruby>学生<rt>がくせい</rt></ruby><span class="ul-color">だった</span></td>
+                    <td><ruby>学生<rt>がくせい</rt></ruby><span class="ul-color">でした</span></td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr class="table-head">
+                    <td class="main-color">Past, negative</td>
+                    <td></td>
+                    <td>compare with:</td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">verbs:</td>
+                    <td><ruby>読<rt>よ</rt></ruby>まな<span class="ul-color">かった</span></td>
+                    <td><ruby>読<rt>よ</rt></ruby>まな<span class="ul-color">い</span></td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">い-adjectives:</td>
+                    <td>かわいくな<span class="ul-color">かった</span></td>
+                    <td>かわいくな<span class="ul-color">い</span></td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">な-adjectives:</td>
+                    <td><ruby>静<rt>しず</rt></ruby>かじゃな<span class="ul-color">かった</span></td>
+                    <td><ruby>静<rt>しず</rt></ruby>かじゃな<span class="ul-color">い</span></td>
+                  </tr>
+                  <tr>
+                    <td style="text-align:right;">noun+です:</td>
+                    <td><ruby>学生<rt>がくせい</rt></ruby>じゃな<span class="ul-color">かった</span></td>
+                    <td><ruby>学生<rt>がくせい</rt></ruby>じゃな<span class="ul-color">い</span></td>
+                  </tr>
+                </table>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+            <tr>
+              <td><ruby>例文<rt>れいぶん</rt></ruby></td>
+              <td>
+                <ol>
+                  <li>
+                    <div class="columns-2-in">
+                      <div class="example">この<ruby>映画<rt>えいが</rt></ruby>、<strong class="main-color"><ruby>最高<rt>さいこう</rt></ruby>だった</strong>。</div>
+                      <div class="example">This movie <strong class="main-color">was the best</strong>.</div>
+                    </div>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <div class="columns-2-in">
+                      <div class="example">ごめん、<ruby>私<rt>わたし</rt></ruby>はメアリーの<ruby>弁当<rt>べんとう</rt></ruby><strong class="main-color"><ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べた</strong>。</div>
+                      <div class="example">Sorry, I'm the one who <strong class="main-color">ate</strong> Mary's bento.</div>
+                    </div>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <div class="columns-2-in">
+                      <div class="example">そのゲーム、<ruby>全然<rt>ぜんぜん</rt></ruby><strong class="main-color"><ruby>楽<rt>たの</rt></ruby>しくなかった</strong>。</div>
+                      <div class="example">That game <strong class="main-color">wasn't fun</strong> at all.</div>
+                    </div>
+                  </li>
+                </ol>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+            <tr class="ex-list">
+              <td><ruby>練習<rt>れんしゅう</rt></ruby></td>
+              <td>
+                <ul>
+                  <li><a href="../../lesson-9/grammar-0/">Review: Short Form Conjugation Rules (Past Tense)</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="../../lesson-9/grammar-1/">Practice: Short Form Conjugation (Past Tense Verbs)</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="../../lesson-9/grammar-2/">Practice: Short Form Conjugation (Past Tense Adjectives/Nouns)</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="../../lesson-9/workbook-1/">Workbook: Past Tense Short Forms</a></li>
+                </ul>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+          </table><br>
+
+          <h3 id="l9-p2" class="workbook-title" data-keywords="casual speech、plain speech, first-name basis">2. Past Tense Short Forms in Informal Speech <span class="page-data">Genki I: p.214-215</span></h3>
+          <table class="table grammar-table">
+            <tr>
+              <td><ruby>説明<rt>せつめい</rt></ruby></td>
+              <td>
+                Short form predicates in the past tense can be used in the same way as the <a href="#l8-p2">present tense forms</a>. Note that the question particle か is dropped in informal speech and replaced by a question mark in the written language.
+                <div class="columns-2-in">
+                  <div class="example">
+                    Ａ：けさ、<ruby>朝<rt>あさ</rt></ruby>ご<ruby>飯<rt>はん</rt></ruby>を<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べ<span class="ul-color">た</span>？<br>
+                    Ｂ：うん、<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べ<span class="ul-color">た</span>／ううん、<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べな<span class="ul-color">かった</span>。
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="example">
+                    Ａ：Did you have breakfast this morning?<br>
+                    Ｂ：Yeah, I did. / Nah, I didn't.
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <br>
+
+                Unlike だ in the present tense, だった is not dropped in informal speech.
+                <div class="columns-2-in">
+                  <div class="example">
+                    Ａ：<ruby>先週<rt>せんしゅう</rt></ruby>は<ruby>忙<rt>いそが</rt></ruby>しかった？<br>
+                    Ｂ：ううん、<ruby>忙<rt>いそが</rt></ruby>しくなかった。ひま<span class="ul-color">だった</span>。
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="example">
+                    Ａ：Were you busy last week?<br>
+                    Ｂ：Nah, I wasn't. I had time to kill. (=I had free time.)
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+            <tr>
+              <td><ruby>例文<rt>れいぶん</rt></ruby></td>
+              <td>
+                <ol>
+                  <li>
+                    <div class="columns-2-in">
+                      <div class="example"><ruby>昨日<rt>きのう</rt></ruby>、マックにハンバーガー<ruby>食<rt>た</rt></ruby>べに<ruby>行<rt>い</rt></ruby><span class="ul-color">った</span>。</div>
+                      <div class="example">I went to Mickey D's to eat some hamburgers yesterday.</div>
+                    </div>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <div class="columns-2-in">
+                      <div class="example">このアニメ、すごく<ruby>面白<rt>おもしろ</rt></ruby>かった。</div>
+                      <div class="example">This anime was really funny.</div>
+                    </div>
+                  </li>
+                  <li>
+                    <div class="columns-2-in">
+                      <div class="example"><ruby>子供<rt>こども</rt></ruby>の<ruby>時<rt>とき</rt></ruby>、<ruby>魚<rt>さかな</rt></ruby><ruby>嫌<rt>きら</rt></ruby>いだった。</div>
+                      <div class="example">I used to dislike fish when I was a kid.</div>
+                    </div>
+                  </li>
+                </ol>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+            <tr class="ex-list">
+              <td><ruby>練習<rt>れんしゅう</rt></ruby></td>
+              <td>
+                <ul>
+                  <li><a href="../../lesson-9/grammar-3/">Practice: Informal Speech (Past Tense Verbs)</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="../../lesson-9/grammar-4/">Practice: Informal Speech (Past Tense Adjectives/Nouns)</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="../../lesson-9/workbook-2/">Workbook: Past Tense Short Forms (Informal Speech)</a></li>
+                </ul>
+              </td>
+            </tr>
+          </table><br>
+
+          <br><h3 id="placeholder" class="workbook-title"><em>More coming soon...</em></h3>
         </div>
 
         <!--

lessons-3rd/lesson-9/grammar-0/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'multi',
-      info : 'Read Grammar 1 (Genki I: p.214) and answer the questions about the conjugation of short forms in the past tense.',
+      info : 'Read {!GRI|Grammar 1|l9-p1} (Genki I: p.214) and answer the questions about the conjugation of short forms in the past tense.',
 
       quizlet : [
         {

lessons-3rd/lesson-9/grammar-1/index.html

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     Genki.generateQuiz({
       format : 'practice',
       type : ['multi', 'fill'],
-      info : 'Change the following verbs into their past tense forms.',
+      info : 'Change the following verbs into their {!GRI|past tense forms|l9-p1}.',
 
       quizlet : [
         [

lessons-3rd/lesson-9/grammar-2/index.html

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     Genki.generateQuiz({
       format : 'practice',
       type : ['multi', 'fill'],
-      info : 'Change the following into their past tense forms.',
+      info : 'Change the following into their {!GRI|past tense forms|l9-p1}.',
 
       quizlet : [
         [

lessons-3rd/lesson-9/grammar-3/index.html

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       format : 'practice',
       type : ['multi', 'fill'],
-      info : 'Using the cues, make questions about yesterday in informal speech, then answer those questions.',
+      info : 'Using the cues, make questions about yesterday in {!GRI|informal speech|l9-p2}, then answer those questions.',
 
       quizlet : [
         [

lessons-3rd/lesson-9/grammar-4/index.html

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       format : 'practice',
       type : ['multi', 'fill'],
-      info : 'Make questions about childhood in informal speech, then answer those questions.',
+      info : 'Make questions about childhood in {!GRI|informal speech|l9-p2}, then answer those questions.',
 
       quizlet : [
         [

lessons-3rd/lesson-9/workbook-1/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'fill',
-      info : 'Practice past tense short forms for both verbs and adjectives.',
+      info : 'Practice {!GRI|past tense short forms|l9-p1} for both verbs and adjectives.',
 
       quizlet : 
       '<p class="sectionDesc3rd"><span class="sectionNumber3rd fa">&#xf054;</span>Complete the charts below.</p>'+
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
             '<td style="width:150px;">dictionary form</td>'+
             '<td>past, affirmative</td>'+
             '<td>past, negative</td>'+
-            '<td>long, present</td>'+
+            '<td>{!GRI|long|l3-p1}, present</td>'+
           '</tr>'+
 
           '<tr>'+

lessons-3rd/lesson-9/workbook-2/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'fill',
-      info : 'Practice using short forms in informal speech in the past tense.',
+      info : 'Practice using short forms in {!GRI|informal speech in the past tense|l9-p2}.',
 
       quizlet : 
       '<div class="count-problems">'+

lessons/appendix/conjugation-chart/index.html

@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ <h3 class="sub-title">Genki I</h3>
               <td style="width:25px">dictionary forms</td>
               <td style="width:134px">long forms<br>(<a href="../../../lessons-3rd/appendix/grammar-index/#l3-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L.3</a>)</td>
               <td style="width:134px">te-forms<br>(<a href="../../../lessons-3rd/appendix/grammar-index/#l6-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L.6</a>)</td>
-              <td style="width:134px">short past<br>(<a href="../../../#lesson-9" target="_blank">L.9</a>)</td>
+              <td style="width:134px">short past<br>(<a href="../../../lessons-3rd/appendix/grammar-index/#l9-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L.9</a>)</td>
               <td style="width:134px">short present neg.<br>(<a href="../../../lessons-3rd/appendix/grammar-index/#l8-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L.8</a>)</td>
-              <td style="width:134px">short past neg.<br>(<a href="../../../#lesson-9" target="_blank">L.9</a>)</td>
+              <td style="width:134px">short past neg.<br>(<a href="../../../lessons-3rd/appendix/grammar-index/#l9-p1" target="_blank" class="grammar-link">L.9</a>)</td>
             </tr>
 
             <tr>

lessons/lesson-9/grammar-1/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'multi',
-      info : 'Read Grammar 1 (Genki I: p.212-213) and answer the questions about the conjugation of short forms in the past tense.',
+      info : 'Read {!GRI|Grammar 1|l9-p1} (Genki I: p.212-213) and answer the questions about the conjugation of short forms in the past tense.',
 
       quizlet : [
         {

lessons/lesson-9/grammar-2/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'multi',
-      info : 'Problems 1-17: Change the verbs into past affirmatives.<br>Problems 18-34: Change the verbs into past negatives.',
+      info : 'Problems 1-17: Change the verbs into past affirmatives.<br>Problems 18-34: Change the verbs into past negatives.<br>{!GRI|Click here|l9-p1} to review Past Tense Short Forms.',
 
       quizlet : [
         // affirmative

lessons/lesson-9/grammar-3/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'multi',
-      info : 'Problems 1-15: Change the adjectives/nouns into past affirmatives.<br>Problems 16-30: Change the adjectives/nouns into past negatives.',
+      info : 'Problems 1-15: Change the adjectives/nouns into past affirmatives.<br>Problems 16-30: Change the adjectives/nouns into past negatives.<br>{!GRI|Click here|l9-p1} to review Past Tense Short Forms.',
 
       quizlet : [
         // affirmative

lessons/lesson-9/grammar-4/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'multi',
-      info : 'Use the cues to make questions about yesterday in informal speech and answer those questions in the same manner.',
+      info : 'Use the cues to make questions about yesterday in {!GRI|informal speech|l9-p2} and answer those questions in the same manner.',
 
       quizlet : [
         {

lessons/lesson-9/grammar-5/index.html

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ <h3><i class="fa">&#xf0a1;</i> News and Info</h3>
     <script src="../../../resources/javascript/all.min.js"></script>
     <script>Genki.generateQuiz({
       type : 'multi',
-      info : 'Make questions about childhood in informal speech and answer those questions in the same manner.',
+      info : 'Make questions about childhood in {!GRI|informal speech|l9-p2} and answer those questions in the same manner.',
 
       quizlet : [
         {