LGARTO

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ message("CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE = ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -O0")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG} -O0")
 
+if ( CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC )
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS  "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -Wextra -g")
+endif()
+
 # -I option adds path to find header files
 #set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -I/usr/X11/include")
 

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 # Lumped Arid/Semi-arid Model (LASAM) for infiltration and surface runoff
 The LASAM simulates infiltration and runoff based on Layered Green & Ampt with redistribution (LGAR) model. LGAR is a model which partitions precipitation into infiltration and runoff, and is designed for use in arid or semi-arid climates. LGAR closely mimics precipitation partitioning results simulated by the famous Richards/Richardson equation (RRE), without the inherent reliability and stability challenges the RRE poses. Therefore, this model is useful when accurate, stable precipitation partitioning simulations are desired in arid or semi-arid areas. LGAR in Python (no longer supported) is available [here](https://github.com/NOAA-OWP/LGAR-Py).
 
-LASAM is designed for use in environments where cumulative potential evapotranspiration is greater than cumulative precipitation. Because the lower boundary condition of LASAM is effectively no-flow, the model assumes that water only leaves the vadose zone via AET. This is a reasonable assumption in arid and semi arid areas. If applied in humid areas, the model domain of LASAM will likely become completely saturated.
+LASAM is designed for use in environments where cumulative potential evapotranspiration is greater than cumulative precipitation. We assume that the vast majoirty of water that leaves the vadose zone does so as AET, and we assume that groundwater does not significantly contribute to streamflow. LGAR further assumes that the water table is far from the soil surface and does not significantly impact soil moisture dynamics near the surface. These are reasonable assumptions in arid and semi arid areas. 
+
+A multilayer version of the Talbot-Ogden (TO) model for fluxes between groundwater and the vadose zone has been developed and coupled to LGAR, which extends the utility of the vadose zone model to humid regions with a shallow water table that does impact soil moisture dynamics. This model is called LGARTO and can be enabled with a flag in the config file. 
+
 
 **Published papers:** For details about the model please see our manuscript on LGAR ([weblink](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022WR033742)).
 

bmi/bmi.hxx

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace bmi {
   class Bmi {
     public:
       virtual ~Bmi() { }
-
+      
       // Model control functions.
       virtual void Initialize(std::string config_file) = 0;
       virtual void Update() = 0;

configs/README.md

@@ -25,3 +25,7 @@ A detailed description of the parameters for model configuration (i.e., initiali
 | soil_z | double (1D array) | - | cm | spatial resolution | - | vertical resolution of the soil column (computational domain of the SFT model) |
 | calib_params | Boolean | true, false | - | calibratable params flag | impacts soil properties | If set to true, soil `smcmax`, `smcmin`, `vg_n`, `vg_alpha`, `hydraulic_conductivity`, `field_capacity_psi`, and `ponded_depth_max` are calibrated. defualt is false. vg = van Genuchten, SMC= soil moisture content |
 | adaptive_timestep | Boolean | true, false | - | adaptive timestep flag | impacts timestep | If set to true, LGAR will use an internal adaptive timestep, and the above timestep is used as a minimum timestep (recommended value of 300 seconds). The adaptive timestep will never be larger than the forcing resolution. If set to false, LGAR will use the above specified timestep as a fixed timestep. Testing indicates that setting this value to true substantially decreases runtime while negligibly changing the simulation. We recommend this to be set to true. |
+| root_zone_depth | double (scalar) | 0, sum of layer_thickness | cm | lower depth of roots in vadose zone | AET | This will be the region of soil, extending downward from the surface, from which AET will be extracted when the model is run in LGARTO mode (i.e. when TO_enabled is true). In LGAR mode, this parameter is not used and AET is simply extracted from the top most wetting front. If TO_enabled is true, then this must be specified, otherwise it does not have to be. |
+| TO_enabled | Boolean | true, false | - | incorporate shallow groundwater flag | affects recharge and AET | If set to true, a muiltilayer version of the Talbot-Ogden recharge model will be used to simulate both positive and negative recharge, establishing the presence of a shallow water table. When this is set to true, we can say the model is running in LGARTO mode, otherwise we say it is running in LGAR mode. |
+| free_drainage_enabled | Boolean | true, false | - | controls lower boundary condition when TO mode is off | affects recharge | Only relevant when the model is run in LGAR mode, that is when TO_enabled is set to false. In LGAR mode, if free_drainage_enabled is true, then free drainage will be enabled as the lower boundary condition, where fluxes from the vadose zone to groundwater are controlled by the hydraulic conductivity at the bottom of the model domain. In this case, the recharge to groundwater is assumed to never contribute to streamflow, and instead contributes to deep groundwater. If free_drainage_enabled is set to false, then the lower boundary condition will be no flow. If LGAR is used in an area with more PET than precipitation, the choice of no flow vs free drainage is not very impactful, because the vast majority of water that leaves the vadose zone will do so as AET. |
+| mbal_tol | double (scalar) | >0 | cm | mass balance error resulting from a substep that will trigger a model crash | mass balance accounting | If the mass balance error is greater than this number in a single substep, then the model will abort. Global mass balance errors over the course of year long simulations (i.e. the sum of all mass balance errors over the course of a long simulation) tend to be small in LGAR mode, where a value greater than 1E-4 cm tends to be rare, occuring less than 1 in 10000 prameter sets. In LGARTO mode, global mass balance errors greater than 1E-4 cm seem to occur about 2 percent of the time and apparently errors with magnitudes greater than 1E-1 ocurr about once in 10000 parameter sets. LGAR and LGARTO in theory should both be mass conservative, however the presence of unlikely but possible edge cases can cause mass balance errors. While the model will usually converge with a small mbal_tol value, if general convergence is desired across a large number of parameter sets / forcing datasets, then we recommend that this value is not specified and therefore the default value of 1E1cm will be used. |

configs/config_lasam_Bushland.txt

@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
 field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
 giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
 adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=false

configs/config_lasam_Geneva.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Geneva.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=36.0,111.0,107.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+layer_soil_type=6,4,3
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
+root_zone_depth=127.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_Koptis_Farms.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Koptis_Farms.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=51.0,99.0,53.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+layer_soil_type=3,7,8
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=103.3[cm]
+root_zone_depth=101.5[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_Kukuihaele.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Kukuihaele.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=10.0,56.0,44.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+layer_soil_type=4,9,11
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.1,0.2,0.4,0.2,0.1
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Geneva_1_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Geneva.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_Geneva_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=2432.3485[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=5[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=340.62081000000006[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Geneva_3_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Geneva.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_Geneva_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=25.0,50.0,100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=1551.1954999999998[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1,2,3
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=330.39557[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Koptis_Farms_1_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Koptis_Farms.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_Koptis_Farms_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=1760.7945[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=438.41865[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Koptis_Farms_3_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Koptis_Farms.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_Koptis_Farms_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=25.0,50.0,100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=1543.7205000000001[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1,2,3
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=147.96109[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Kukuihaele_1_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Kukuihaele.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_humid_1_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=2040.6585[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=2[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=189.01391[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=false
+free_drainage_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Kukuihaele_3_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Kukuihaele.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_humid_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=25.0,50.0,100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=2040.6585[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=2[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1,2,3
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=189.01391[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=false
+free_drainage_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Onward_1_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Onward.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_Onward_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=438.61650000000003[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=5[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=409.10967000000005[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Onward_3_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Onward.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_Onward_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=25.0,50.0,100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=2909.8515[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1,2,3
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=274.35923[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Phillipsburg.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Phillipsburg.csv
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_arid.dat
+layer_thickness=200.0[cm]
+initial_psi=2990.2825000000003[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=7500.0[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=283.97703000000007[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=false

configs/config_lasam_LHS_Phillipsburg_3_layer.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Phillipsburg.csv
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_LHS_arid_3_layer.dat
+layer_thickness=25.0,50.0,100.0[cm]
+initial_psi=2040.6585[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=7500.0[hr]
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+ponded_depth_max=2[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+layer_soil_type=1,2,3
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=189.01391[cm]
+root_zone_depth=55.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=false

configs/config_lasam_Onward.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_resampled_uniform_Onward.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=52.0,62.0,24.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=8760[hr]
+ponded_depth_max=0[cm]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=3600[sec]
+layer_soil_type=9,11,12
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
+root_zone_depth=69.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
+adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=true

configs/config_lasam_Phillipsburg.txt

@@ -12,5 +12,7 @@ layer_soil_type=13,14,15
 max_valid_soil_types=25
 wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
 field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
+root_zone_depth=100.0[cm]
 giuh_ordinates=0.06,0.51,0.28,0.12,0.03
 adaptive_timestep=true
+TO_enabled=false

configs/config_lasam_synth_1_LGARTO.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_synth_1_LGARTO.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=10.0,45.0,45.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=72[hr]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=300[sec]
+layer_soil_type=2,4,6
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=103.3[cm]
+root_zone_depth=50.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
+adaptive_timestep=false
+TO_enabled=true
+

configs/config_lasam_synth_2_LGARTO.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_synth_2_LGARTO.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=10.0,45.0,45.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=72[hr]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=300[sec]
+layer_soil_type=4,6,8
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
+root_zone_depth=50.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
+adaptive_timestep=false
+TO_enabled=true
+

configs/config_lasam_synth_3_LGARTO.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_synth_3_LGARTO.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=10.0,45.0,45.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=72[hr]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=300[sec]
+layer_soil_type=6,8,10
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
+root_zone_depth=50.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
+adaptive_timestep=false
+TO_enabled=true
+

configs/config_lasam_synth_4_LGARTO.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+verbosity=none
+forcing_file=./forcing/forcing_data_synth_4_LGARTO.txt
+soil_params_file=./data/vG_default_params_HYDRUS.dat
+layer_thickness=10.0,45.0,45.0[cm]
+initial_psi=100.0[cm]
+timestep=300[sec]
+endtime=72[hr]
+use_closed_form_G=true
+forcing_resolution=300[sec]
+layer_soil_type=4,5,6
+max_valid_soil_types=25
+wilting_point_psi=15495.0[cm]
+field_capacity_psi=340.9[cm]
+root_zone_depth=50.0[cm]
+giuh_ordinates=0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0
+adaptive_timestep=false
+TO_enabled=true
+