Add learning rate scheduling support for `DeepSpeedStrategy` #14610

Job	Run time
pl-cpu (macOS-14, lightning, 3.10, 2.1)	20m 5s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-20.04, lightning, 3.10, 2.1)	13m 52s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, lightning, 3.10, 2.1)	16m 36s
pl-cpu (macOS-14, lightning, 3.11, 2.2.2)	20m 33s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-20.04, lightning, 3.11, 2.2.2)	14m 29s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, lightning, 3.11, 2.2.2)	16m 10s
pl-cpu (macOS-14, lightning, 3.11, 2.3)	20m 17s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-20.04, lightning, 3.11, 2.3)	15m 4s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, lightning, 3.11, 2.3)	16m 5s
pl-cpu (macOS-14, lightning, 3.12.7, 2.4.1)	21m 35s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-22.04, lightning, 3.12.7, 2.4.1)	19m 21s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, lightning, 3.12.7, 2.4.1)	20m 20s
pl-cpu (macOS-14, lightning, 3.12.7, 2.5.1)	21m 30s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-22.04, lightning, 3.12.7, 2.5.1)	20m 44s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, lightning, 3.12.7, 2.5.1)	19m 23s
pl-cpu (macOS-14, pytorch, 3.12.7, 2.5.1)	21m 56s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-22.04, pytorch, 3.12.7, 2.5.1)	20m 52s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, pytorch, 3.12.7, 2.5.1)	20m 30s
pl-cpu (macOS-14, lightning, 3.9, 2.1, oldest)	17m 56s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-20.04, lightning, 3.9, 2.1, oldest)	12m 18s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, lightning, 3.9, 2.1, oldest)	14m 15s
pl-cpu (macOS-14, pytorch, 3.9, 2.1)	21m 34s
pl-cpu (ubuntu-20.04, pytorch, 3.9, 2.1)	19m 42s
pl-cpu (windows-2022, pytorch, 3.9, 2.1)	16m 27s
	7h 21m 34s

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