Drop py39

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
       runs-on: ubuntu-latest
       strategy:
         matrix:
-          python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+          python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
       steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up Python

docs/index.md

@@ -466,8 +466,8 @@ except ValidationError as e:
     print(e)
     """
     1 validation error for Group
-      Value error, Dataset s0 was specified in multiscale metadata, but no array with that name was found in the hierarchy. All arrays referenced in multiscale metadata must be contained in the group. [type=value_error, input_value={'zarr_version': 2, 'attr...: 'zstd', 'level': 3}}}}, input_type=dict]
-        For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.7/v/value_error
+      Value error, Dataset s0 was specified in multiscale metadata, but no array with that name was found in the hierarchy. All arrays referenced in multiscale metadata must be contained in the group. [type=value_error, input_value={'zarr_version': 2, 'attr...3, 'checksum': False}}}}, input_type=dict]
+        For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.8/v/value_error
     """
 
 group_model_wrong_array = group_model.model_dump()
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ except ValidationError as e:
     print(e)
     """
     1 validation error for Group
-      Value error, Transform type='scale' scale=(1, 1) has dimensionality 2, which does not match the dimensionality of the array found in this group at s0 (1). Transform dimensionality must match array dimensionality. [type=value_error, input_value={'zarr_version': 2, 'attr...: 'zstd', 'level': 3}}}}, input_type=dict]
-        For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.7/v/value_error
+      Value error, Transform type='scale' scale=(1, 1) has dimensionality 2, which does not match the dimensionality of the array found in this group at s0 (1). Transform dimensionality must match array dimensionality. [type=value_error, input_value={'zarr_version': 2, 'attr...3, 'checksum': False}}}}, input_type=dict]
+        For further information visit https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.8/v/value_error
     """
 ```

pyproject.toml

@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ Source = "https://github.com/janeliascicomp/pydantic-ome-ngff"
 version.source = "vcs"
 build.hooks.vcs.version-file = "src/pydantic_ome_ngff/_version.py"
 
+[tool.hatch.envs.default]
+installer = "uv"
+
 [tool.hatch.envs.test]
 dependencies = [
   "pytest==8.0.0",
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ run = "run-coverage --no-cov"
 run-verbose = "run-coverage --verbose"
 
 [[tool.hatch.envs.test.matrix]]
-python = ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+python = ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
 
 [tool.hatch.envs.types]
 extra-dependencies = [

src/pydantic_ome_ngff/latest/transform.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Union
-
 import pydantic_ome_ngff.v04.transform as tx
 
 
@@ -40,9 +38,9 @@ class VectorScale(tx.VectorScale):
     """
 
 
-Scale = Union[VectorScale, PathScale]
-Translation = Union[VectorTranslation, PathTranslation]
-Transform = Union[Scale, Translation, Identity]
+Scale = VectorScale | PathScale
+Translation = VectorTranslation | PathTranslation
+Transform = Scale | Translation | Identity
 
 scale_translation = tx.scale_translation
 ensure_dimensionality = tx.ensure_dimensionality

src/pydantic_ome_ngff/v04/multiscale.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
     from numcodecs.abc import Codec
     from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from typing import Annotated, Any, Sequence, Union, cast
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Sequence, cast
 
 import zarr
 from numcodecs import Zstd
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class GroupAttrs(BaseModel):
     multiscales: Annotated[tuple[MultiscaleMetadata, ...], Field(..., min_length=1)]
 
 
-class Group(GroupSpec[GroupAttrs, Union[ArraySpec, GroupSpec]]):
+class Group(GroupSpec[GroupAttrs, ArraySpec | GroupSpec]):
     """
     A model of a Zarr group that implements OME-NGFF Multiscales metadata.
 
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ def check_array_ndim(self) -> Group:
                 for tform in tforms:
                     if hasattr(tform, "scale") or hasattr(tform, "translation"):
                         tform = cast(
-                            Union[tx.VectorScale, tx.VectorTranslation],
+                            tx.VectorScale | tx.VectorTranslation,
                             tform,
                         )
                         if (tform_ndim := tx.ndim(tform)) != arr_ndim:

src/pydantic_ome_ngff/v04/plate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Union
-
 from pydantic import (
     BaseModel,
     NonNegativeInt,
@@ -54,7 +52,7 @@ class GroupAttrs(BaseModel):
     plate: PlateMetadata
 
 
-class Group(GroupSpec[GroupAttrs, Union[well.Group, GroupSpec, ArraySpec]]):
+class Group(GroupSpec[GroupAttrs, well.Group | GroupSpec | ArraySpec]):
     @field_validator("members", mode="after")
     @classmethod
     def contains_well_group(

src/pydantic_ome_ngff/v04/transform.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Annotated, Literal, Sequence, Union
+from typing import Annotated, Literal, Sequence
 
 from pydantic_ome_ngff.base import StrictBase
 
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ def scale_translation(
     return (vec_scale, vec_trans)
 
 
-Scale = Union[VectorScale, PathScale]
-Translation = Union[VectorTranslation, PathTranslation]
-Transform = Union[Scale, Translation]
+Scale = VectorScale | PathScale
+Translation = VectorTranslation | PathTranslation
+Transform = Scale | Translation
 
 
 def ensure_dimensionality(

src/pydantic_ome_ngff/v04/well.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Union
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, field_validator
 from pydantic_zarr.v2 import ArraySpec, GroupSpec
 
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ class GroupAttrs(BaseModel):
     well: WellMetadata
 
 
-class Group(GroupSpec[GroupAttrs, Union[multiscale.Group, GroupSpec, ArraySpec]]):
+class Group(GroupSpec[GroupAttrs, multiscale.Group | GroupSpec | ArraySpec]):
     @field_validator("members", mode="after")
     @classmethod
     def contains_multiscale_group(