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BlueHorn07 committed Aug 14, 2024
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</div>

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ„์˜ Curl-Div ํ•ญ๋“ฑ์‹์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
์œ„์˜ Curl-Div ํ•ญ๋“ฑ์‹์„ Vector Potential๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

<div class="theorem" markdown="1">

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</div>


์•ž์— ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ $\nabla \times \mathbf{F} = 0$์ธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์™€ ์ข€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
์•ž์— ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ $\nabla \times \mathbf{F} = 0$ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์™€ ์ข€ ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.

For a vector field $\mathbf{F}$

Expand All @@ -290,23 +290,23 @@ For a vector field $\mathbf{F}$
- the field is a curl vector field
- $\nabla \cdot \mathbf{F} = 0$

Vector Potential์ด๋“  Scalar Potential์ด๋“  ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์žฅ์˜ ์›๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” vector/scalar function๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ†ต์ !
Vector Potential์ด๋“  Scalar Potential์ด๋“  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์žฅ์˜ ์›๋ณธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” vector/scalar function๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ†ต์ !

<br/>

์ด๋•Œ, ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์žฅ $\mathbf{B}$๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” Vector Potential์€ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

์ž„์˜์˜ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ $\psi$์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋“ฑ์‹์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค.

<div class="theorem" markdown="1">

์ž„์˜์˜ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ $\psi$์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋“ฑ์‹์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค.

$$
\mathbf{B} = \nabla \times \mathbf{A} = \nabla \times (\mathbf{A} + \nabla \psi)
$$

</div>

์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” $\nabla \times \nabla \psi = \mathbf{0}$์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, $\mathbf{A}$์™€ $\mathbf{A} + \nabla \psi$ ๋‘˜๋‹ค ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์žฅ $\mathbf{B}$๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‘˜๋‹ค Vector Potential ์ด๊ณ , Vector Potential์€ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” $\nabla \times \nabla \psi = \mathbf{0}$์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. $\mathbf{A}$์™€ $\mathbf{A} + \nabla \psi$ ๋‘˜๋‹ค ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์žฅ $\mathbf{B}$๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‘˜๋‹ค Vector Potential ์ด๊ณ , Vector Potential์€ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„ ์ •๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,

Expand All @@ -323,13 +323,13 @@ then, there is a vector potential $\mathbf{A}$ for $\mathbf{B}$ with $\mathbf{A}

# Laplace Operator

๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์žฅ์ด Conservative Field๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด,
๋ฒกํ„ฐ์žฅ $\mathbf{F}$๊ฐ€ Conservative Field๋ผ๋ฉด,

$$
\mathbf{F} = \nabla f
$$

์ธ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— div ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋” ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹์€ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด potential function $f$์— ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.
์ธ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— div ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋” ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.[* curl ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์˜๋ฒกํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค: $\nabla \times \nabla f = \mathbf{0}$] ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹์€ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด potential function $f$์— ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํŽธ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

$$
\text{div}(\nabla f) = \nabla \cdot (\nabla f)
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