grammar.txt

program         : statements

statements      : statement
                | statements statement

statement       : variable_declaration
                | assignment_statement
                | print_statement
                | if_statement
                | while_statement
                | function_declaration
                | for_statement
                | return_statement
                | try_statement
                | throw_statement

variable_declaration : 'var' IDENTIFIER ('=' expression)? ';'

assignment_statement : IDENTIFIER ('[' expression ']')? '=' expression ';'

print_statement : 'print' expression ';'

if_statement    : 'if' comparison_expression '{' statements '}' ('else' '{' statements '}')?

while_statement : 'while' comparison_expression '{' statements '}'

function_declaration : 'function' IDENTIFIER '(' parameters ')' '{' statements '}'

parameters      : IDENTIFIER (',' IDENTIFIER)*

comparison_expression : expression (comparison_operator expression)*

expression      : term (addition_operator term)*

term            : factor (multiplication_operator factor)*

factor          : NUMBER
                | STRING
                | BOOLEAN
                | IDENTIFIER
                | '(' expression ')'
                | function_call
                | array_expression
                | object_expression

array_expression : '[' (expression (',' expression)*)? ']'

object_expression : '{' (property (',' property)*)? '}'

property        : IDENTIFIER ':' expression

function_call   : IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

arguments       : expression (',' expression)*

comparison_operator : '==' | '!=' | '<' | '<=' | '>' | '>='

addition_operator : '+' | '-'

multiplication_operator : '*' | '/'

IDENTIFIER      : (letter | '_') (letter | digit | '_')*

NUMBER          : digit+ ('.' digit+)? (('e' | 'E') ('+' | '-')? digit+)?

STRING          : '"' (letter | digit | ' ')* '"'

BOOLEAN         : 'true' | 'false'

letter          : 'a'..'z' | 'A'..'Z'

digit           : '0'..'9'

for_statement   : 'for' '(' variable_declaration? ';' comparison_expression? ';' assignment_statement? ')' '{' statements '}'

return_statement: 'return' expression? ';'

try_statement   : 'try' '{' statements '}' catch_statement

catch_statement : 'catch' '(' IDENTIFIER ')' '{' statements '}'

throw_statement : 'throw' expression ';'

class_declaration : 'class' IDENTIFIER ('extends' IDENTIFIER)? '{' class_body '}'

class_body      : (member_declaration)*

member_declaration : function_declaration | variable_declaration

instance_method_declaration : function_declaration

static_method_declaration : 'static' function_declaration

method_call     : expression '.' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

super_call      : 'super' '.' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

constructor_declaration : 'constructor' '(' parameters ')' '{' statements '}'

this_reference  : 'this'

null_literal    : 'null'

interface_declaration : 'interface' IDENTIFIER '{' interface_members '}'

interface_members : (interface_method_declaration)*

interface_method_declaration : function_declaration

enum_declaration : 'enum' IDENTIFIER '{' enum_constants '}' 

enum_constants  : IDENTIFIER (',' IDENTIFIER)*

annotation_declaration : '@' IDENTIFIER

stack_declaration : 'stack' '<' type '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

stack_operation_push : IDENTIFIER '.push(' expression ')' ';'

stack_operation_pop : IDENTIFIER '.pop();'

queue_declaration : 'queue' '<' type '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

queue_operation_add : IDENTIFIER '.add(' expression ')' ';'

queue_operation_remove : IDENTIFIER '.remove();'

dictionary_declaration : 'dict' '<' key_type ',' value_type '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

dictionary_operation_set : IDENTIFIER '[' key_expression ']' '=' value_expression ';'

dictionary_operation_get : IDENTIFIER '[' key_expression ']' ';'

dictionary_operation_contains_key : IDENTIFIER '.containsKey(' key_expression ')' ';'

list_declaration : 'list' '<' type '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

list_operation_add : IDENTIFIER '.add(' expression ')' ';'

list_operation_remove : IDENTIFIER '.remove(' expression ')' ';'

set_declaration : 'set' '<' type '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

set_operation_add : IDENTIFIER '.add(' expression ')' ';'

set_operation_remove : IDENTIFIER '.remove(' expression ')' ';'

try_with_resources_statement : 'try' '(' resources ')' '{' statements '}' catch_statement? finally_statement?

resources : variable_declaration (',' variable_declaration)*

finally_statement : 'finally' '{' statements '}'

lambda_declaration : '(' parameters ')' '=>' expression

partial_function_application : expression '(' arguments ')' ';'

decorator_declaration : '@' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

in_operator : expression 'in' expression

not_in_operator : expression 'not' 'in' expression

is_operator : expression 'is' expression

is_not_operator : expression 'is' 'not' expression

assert_statement : 'assert' expression (',' STRING)? ';'

with_statement : 'with' '(' expression ('as' IDENTIFIER)? ')' '{' statements '}'

yield_statement : 'yield' expression ';'

yield_from_statement : 'yield' 'from' expression ';'

async_function_declaration : 'async' function_declaration

await_expression : 'await' expression

async_with_statement : 'async' 'with' '(' expression ('as' IDENTIFIER)? ')' '{' statements '}'

async_for_statement : 'async' 'for' '(' variable_declaration? 'in' expression ')' '{' statements '}'

async_with_statement : 'async' 'with' '(' expression ('as' IDENTIFIER)? ')' '{' statements '}'

async_yield_statement : 'async' 'yield' expression ';'

async_yield_from_statement : 'async' 'yield' 'from' expression ';'
list' '<' type '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

list_operation_add : IDENTIFIER '.add(' expression ')' ';'

list_operation_remove : IDENTIFIER '.remove(' expression ')' ';'

set_declaration : 'set' '<' type '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

set_operation_add : IDENTIFIER '.add(' expression ')' ';'

set_operation_remove : IDENTIFIER '.remove(' expression ')' ';'

try_with_resources_statement : 'try' '(' resources ')' '{' statements '}' catch_statement? finally_statement?

resources : variable_declaration (',' variable_declaration)*

finally_statement : 'finally' '{' statements '}'

lambda_declaration : '(' parameters ')' '=>' expression

partial_function_application : expression '(' arguments ')' ';'

decorator_declaration : '@' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

in_operator : expression 'in' expression

not_in_operator : expression 'not' 'in' expression

is_operator : expression 'is' expression

is_not_operator : expression 'is' 'not' expression

assert_statement : 'assert' expression (',' STRING)? ';'

with_statement : 'with' '(' expression ('as' IDENTIFIER)? ')' '{' statements '}'

yield_statement : 'yield' expression ';'

yield_from_statement : 'yield' 'from' expression ';'

async_function_declaration : 'async' function_declaration

await_expression : 'await' expression

async_with_statement : 'async' 'with' '(' expression ('as' IDENTIFIER)? ')' '{' statements '}'

async_for_statement : 'async' 'for' '(' variable_declaration? 'in' expression ')' '{' statements '}'

async_with_statement : 'async' 'with' '(' expression ('as' IDENTIFIER)? ')' '{' statements '}'

async_yield_statement : 'async' 'yield' expression ';'

async_yield_from_statement : 'async' 'yield' 'from' expression ';'

type_alias_declaration : 'typealias' IDENTIFIER '<' type '>' ';'

type_constraint_declaration : 'type' IDENTIFIER ':' type ';'

operator_overloading : 'operator' overload_operator function_declaration

overload_operator : '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '**' | '//' | '|' | '^' | '&' | '~' | '<<' | '>>'

inline_declaration : 'inline' function_declaration

noop_statement : ';'

ternary_expression : expression '?' expression ':' expression

do_while_statement : 'do' '{' statements '}' 'while' '(' expression ')' ';'

jump_statement : 'break' | 'continue'

optional_type_declaration : type '?'

optional_parameter_declaration : IDENTIFIER '?' ':' expression

optional_argument_declaration : IDENTIFIER '=' expression

optional_dictionary_get_declaration : IDENTIFIER '.' 'get' '(' key_expression ')' ','? value_expression?

thread_creation : 'Thread' '(' expression (',' arguments)? ')' '{' statements '}'

thread_join : IDENTIFIER '.join();'

synchronized_statement : 'synchronized' '(' expression ')' '{' statements '}'

array_declaration : 'array' '<' type ',' integer_literal '>' IDENTIFIER ';'

array_operation_set : IDENTIFIER '[' integer_expression ']' '=' expression ';'

array_operation_get : IDENTIFIER '[' integer_expression ']' ';'

array_operation_length : IDENTIFIER '.length' ';'

array_operation_sort : IDENTIFIER '.sort()' ';'

array_operation_reverse : IDENTIFIER '.reverse()' ';'

array_operation_concatenate : IDENTIFIER '.concat(' expression ')' ';'

array_operation_slice : IDENTIFIER '.slice(' integer_expression ',' integer_expression ')' ';'

function_call_statement : function_call ';'

function_call : IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

function_declaration : 'def' IDENTIFIER '(' parameters ')' ('->' type)? '{' statements '}'

parameters : parameter_declaration (',' parameter_declaration)*

parameter_declaration : IDENTIFIER ':' type

arguments : argument_declaration (',' argument_declaration)*

argument_declaration : expression

class_declaration : 'class' IDENTIFIER ('(' IDENTIFIER ')')? '{' class_body '}'

class_body : (variable_declaration | function_declaration)*

class_inheritance_declaration : 'class' IDENTIFIER '(' IDENTIFIER ')' '{' class_body '}'

class_method_declaration : 'classmethod' function_declaration

static_method_declaration : 'staticmethod' function_declaration

property_declaration : 'property' ('(' function_declaration ')')? '{' (variable_declaration | function_declaration)* '}'

interface_declaration : 'interface' IDENTIFIER '{' interface_body '}'

interface_body : function_declaration*

implements_declaration : 'implements' IDENTIFIER (',' IDENTIFIER)*

abstract_method_declaration : 'abstract' function_declaration

abstract_class_declaration : 'abstract' 'class' IDENTIFIER ('(' IDENTIFIER ')')? '{' class_body '}'

public_access_modifier : 'public'

private_access_modifier : 'private'

protected_access_modifier : 'protected'

class_member_access_modifier : public_access_modifier | private_access_modifier | protected_access_modifier

class_variable_declaration : class_member_access_modifier? 'var' IDENTIFIER ':' type ';'

class_constant_declaration : class_member_access_modifier? 'const' IDENTIFIER '=' expression ';'

class_method_call : IDENTIFIER '.' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

instance_variable_declaration : 'var' IDENTIFIER ':' type '=' expression ';'

instance_constant_declaration : 'const' IDENTIFIER ':' type '=' expression ';'

instance_method_call : IDENTIFIER '.' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

new_object_creation : 'new' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments ')'

operator_declaration : 'operator' overload_operator '(' parameters ')' ('->' type)? '{' statements '}'

overload_unary_operator : '+' | '-' | '~'

overload_comparison_operator : '<' | '<=' | '>' | '>=' | '==' | '!='

overload_boolean_operator : 'and' | 'or' | 'not'

overload_assignment_operator : '+=' | '-=' | '*=' | '/=' | '%=' | '**=' | '//=' | '|=' | '^=' | '&=' | '<<=' | '>>='

overload_subscript_operator : '__getitem__' | '__setitem__'

overload_iteration_operator : '__iter__' | '__next__'

overload_context_manager_operator : '__enter__' | '__exit__'

overload_call_operator : '__call__'

overload_len_operator : '__len__'

overload_string_conversion_operator : '__str__' | '__repr__'

overload_type_conversion_operator : '__int__' | '__float__' | '__bool__'

type_checking : 'isinstance' '(' expression ',' type ')'

type_casting : 'as' type

type_union : type ('|' type)*

type_intersection : type ('&' type)*

type_difference : type ('-' type)*

type_generic : type '[' type_argument (',' type_argument)* ']'

type_argument : type | wildcard_type

wildcard_type : '?' ('extends' type | 'super' type)

type_array : type '[]'

namespace_declaration : 'namespace' IDENTIFIER '{' namespace_body '}'

namespace_body : (variable_declaration | function_declaration | class_declaration | interface_declaration)*

namespace_import : 'import' IDENTIFIER ('as' IDENTIFIER)?

namespace_alias : 'from' IDENTIFIER 'import' IDENTIFIER ('as' IDENTIFIER)?

namespace_declaration : 'namespace' IDENTIFIER '{' (variable_declaration | function_declaration | class_declaration | interface_declaration)* '}'

namespace_import : 'import' (IDENTIFIER | namespace_alias) (',' (IDENTIFIER | namespace_alias))* ';'

variable_declaration : 'var' IDENTIFIER ':' type '=' expression ';'

constant_declaration : 'const' IDENTIFIER ':' type '=' expression ';'

function_declaration : 'function' IDENTIFIER parameters (':' type)? '{' statements '}'

parameters : '(' (parameter (',' parameter)*)? ')'

parameter : IDENTIFIER (':' type)? ('=' expression)?

class_declaration : 'class' IDENTIFIER ('extends' IDENTIFIER)? ('implements' IDENTIFIER (',' IDENTIFIER)*)? '{' class_members '}'

interface_declaration : 'interface' IDENTIFIER ('extends' IDENTIFIER (',' IDENTIFIER)*)? '{' interface_members '}'

class_members : (class_property_declaration | function_declaration)*

interface_members : (interface_property_declaration | function_declaration)*

class_property_declaration : ('public' | 'protected' | 'private')? ('static')? (variable_declaration | constant_declaration)

interface_property_declaration : (variable_declaration | constant_declaration) (',' variable_declaration | constant_declaration)* ';'

type : IDENTIFIER ('[' type ']')*

conditional_type : type ('|' type)*

generic_type : type '<' type (',' type)* '>'

interface_type : IDENTIFIER ('<' generic_type '>')?

namespace_export : 'export' (variable_declaration | function_declaration | class_declaration | interface_declaration)*

file_declaration : (namespace_declaration | namespace_import)* (variable_declaration | function_declaration | class_declaration | interface_declaration | namespace_export)*

async_function_declaration : 'async' function_declaration

await_expression : 'await' expression

try_catch_statement : 'try' '{' statements '}' catch_clauses

catch_clauses : (catch_clause | finally_clause | catch_clause finally_clause)

catch_clause : 'catch' '(' IDENTIFIER ':' type ')' '{' statements '}'

finally_clause : 'finally' '{' statements '}'

throw_statement : 'throw' expression ';'

assertion_statement : 'assert' expression (',' expression)?

with_statement : 'with' expression ('as' IDENTIFIER)? '{' statements '}'

global_variable_declaration : 'global' IDENTIFIER (',' IDENTIFIER)* ';'

nonlocal_variable_declaration : 'nonlocal' IDENTIFIER (',' IDENTIFIER)* ';'

lambda_expression : 'lambda' parameters ':' expression

decorator : '@' IDENTIFIER ('(' (expression (',' expression)*)? ')')?

pattern_matching : 'match' expression '{' match_cases '}'

match_cases : match_case*

match_case : 'case' pattern (':' statements)?

pattern : value_pattern | sequence_pattern | wildcard_pattern | object_pattern

value_pattern : expression

sequence_pattern : '[' pattern (',' pattern)* ']'

wildcard_pattern : '_'

object_pattern : '{' (property_pattern (',' property_pattern)*)? '}'

property_pattern : IDENTIFIER ':' pattern

expression : literal | identifier | binary_expression | unary_expression | function_call | member_access | subscript_expression | conditional_expression | lambda_expression | list_expression | set_expression | dictionary_expression | tuple_expression | object_creation | attribute_access | type_checking | type_casting | type_union | type_intersection | type_difference | type_generic | await_expression | pattern_matching

literal : NUMBER | STRING | BOOLEAN | NULL

identifier : IDENTIFIER

binary_expression : expression binary_operator expression

binary_operator : '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | '%' | '**' | '//' | '<<' | '>>' | '&' | '|' | '^' | '==' | '!=' | '<' | '<=' | '>' | '>=' | 'and' | 'or'

unary_expression : unary_operator expression

unary_operator : '+' | '-' | '~' | 'not'

member_access : expression '.' IDENTIFIER

subscript_expression : expression '[' expression (',' expression)? ']'

conditional_expression : expression '?' expression ':' expression

list_expression : '[' (expression (',' expression)*)? ']'

set_expression : '{' (expression (',' expression)*)? '}'

dictionary_expression : '{' ((expression ':' expression) (',' expression ':' expression)*)? '}'

tuple_expression : '(' (expression (',' expression)*)? ','? ')'

object_creation : 'new' IDENTIFIER '(' (expression (',' expression)*)? ')'

attribute_access : expression '@' IDENTIFIER

expression : assignment_expression

assignment_expression : logical_or_expression ('=' assignment_expression)?

logical_or_expression : logical_and_expression ('||' logical_and_expression)*

logical_and_expression : equality_expression ('&&' equality_expression)*

equality_expression : relational_expression (('==' | '!=') relational_expression)*

relational_expression : additive_expression (('<' | '>' | '<=' | '>=') additive_expression)*

additive_expression : multiplicative_expression (('+' | '-') multiplicative_expression)*

multiplicative_expression : unary_expression (('*' | '/' | '%') unary_expression)*

unary_expression : ('+' | '-' | '!' | 'typeof') unary_expression | primary_expression

primary_expression : IDENTIFIER | literal | '(' expression ')' | function_call | object_creation | array_creation

literal : NUMERIC_LITERAL | STRING_LITERAL | 'true' | 'false' | 'null'

function_call : primary_expression '(' arguments? ')'

arguments : expression (',' expression)*

object_creation : 'new' IDENTIFIER '(' arguments? ')'

array_creation : '[' (expression (',' expression)*)? ']'