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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>State of GRASS GIS</title>
<meta name="description" content="GRASS GIS is an open source geoprocessing engine for efficient spatio-temporal data management, analysis, and modeling. The software comes with a Python API, command line and graphical user interfaces, and additional APIs for C and R. In this talk we will give a comprehensive overview of the latest GRASS GIS developments and upcoming new features. We will cover several improvements to the graphical user interface aimed at increasing the usability and ease the adoption of GRASS GIS. We will also highlight a number of improvements and existing features relevant for industry and academic users to facilitate the integration of GRASS data processing and analysis tools into their workflows using Python or R, either on the command line or in the cloud. Finally, the latest community activities, as well as contribution and funding opportunities will be presented.">
<meta name="author" content="Veronica Andreo">
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<!-- ################# CONTENT ################# -->
<!--
Abstract
GRASS GIS is an open source geoprocessing engine for efficient spatio-temporal data management,
analysis, and modeling. The software comes with a Python API, command line and graphical user
interfaces, and additional APIs for C and R.
In this talk we will give a comprehensive overview of the latest GRASS GIS developments and
upcoming new features. We will cover several improvements to the graphical user interface aimed
at increasing the usability and ease the adoption of GRASS GIS. We will also highlight a number
of improvements and existing features relevant for industry and academic users to facilitate
the integration of GRASS data processing and analysis tools into their workflows using Python
or R, either on the command line or in the cloud. Finally, the latest community activities,
as well as contribution and funding opportunities will be presented.
-->
<section id="Front page">
<h1>State of GRASS GIS</h1>
<img src="img/splash_screen.png" width="85%">
<h3 style="margin-top: 1em;">Veronica Andreo</h3>
<p class="title-foot">
<a href="https://www.conicet.gov.ar/" title="CONICET">CONICET</a>
<br>
<a href="https://ig.conae.unc.edu.ar/" title="Instituto Gulich">Instituto Gulich (CONAE-UNC)</a>
</p>
<p><small>FOSS4G 2024, Belem (Brazil), December 2-8, 2024</small></p>
<aside class="notes">
Good afternoon, in this presentation I will walk you through the latest news from the GRASS GIS project.
</aside>
</section>
<section id="Presenter">
<h2>Veronica (Vero) Andreo</h2>
<ul>
<iframe width="300" height="320" align="right" style="padding-left: 15px;" src="https://www.openstreetmap.org/export/embed.html?bbox=-64.4675534963608%2C-31.521721272867417%2C-64.4630527496338%2C-31.519567433173663&layer=mapnik&marker=-31.520644359227585%2C-64.46530312299728"></iframe><br>
<li>Researcher funded by <a href="https://www.conicet.gov.ar/" target="_blank">CONICET</a> at <a href="https://ig.conae.unc.edu.ar/" target="_blank">Gulich Institute</a></li>
<li>Lic. & PhD in Biology, MSc in Applications of the Spatial Information</li>
<li>GRASS GIS: Development Team, PSC chair</li>
<li>OSGeo: Charter member</li>
</ul>
<br><br>
<i class="fa fa-globe"></i> <a href="https://veroandreo.gitlab.io/" target="_blank">veroandreo.gitlab.io</a>
</section>
<section>
<h2>The other authors of this talk</h2>
Thanks to all those involved!
<br>
<img src="img/grass_community_meeting_group_pic_2024_crop.jpg" class="stretch">
<img src="img/github_contributors_2024-09-03.png" width="70%">
</section>
<section id="What's GRASS">
<section>
<h1>What is GRASS GIS?</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Geek open-source command line GIS</p>
<img src="img/grass84_cli.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Open-source desktop GIS</p>
<img src="img/grass_gui_multiple_map_displays.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Processing backend in QGIS</p>
<img src="img/grass-in-qgis.jpg" class="stretch">
<small>Image source: <a href="https://baharmon.github.io/grass-in-qgis">baharmon.github.io/grass-in-qgis</a></small>
<aside class="notes">
Not a QGIS plugin! GRASS provides tools, models and algorithms to QGIS.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Geovisualization and data analytics tool in R or quarto notebooks</p>
<img src="img/grass_within_rstudio.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Geovisualization and data analytics tool in Python notebooks</p>
<img src="img/jupyter3.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Geoprocessing engine running in an HPC environment</p>
<img src="img/HPC_interaction.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Geospatial platform for developing custom models</p>
<img src="img/programming_FUTURES.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is GRASS GIS?</h2>
<p>Cloud geoprocessing backend</p>
<img src="https://neteler.gitlab.io/actinia-introduction/img/actinia_architecture_FTTH.png" class="stretch">
<small>Image source: <a href="https://neteler.gitlab.io/actinia-introduction/">neteler.gitlab.io/actinia-introduction/</a></small>
</section>
<section>
<h1>GRASS is all of that!</h1>
<h2>Robustness, Stability, Versatility, Scientific foundations</h2>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" width="150px">
</section>
</section>
<section id="Releases">
<h2>Releases</h2>
<ul>
<li>
8.4.0 July 2024
<small>Current version for everyday user</small>
</li>
<li>
8.5.0 Preview, Daily
<small>Latest reviewed functional code</small>
</li>
<li>
7.8.8 Legacy, August 2023
<small>Maintained legacy version for some production systems</small>
</li>
</ul>
<br><br>
<img src="img/futures_model_output.png" width="80%">
<aside class="notes">
major.minor.micro – semantic versioning:
major (x) brings features and possibly backward incompatible changes
minor (x.y) brings features and fixes
micro (x.y.z) brings fixes
</aside>
</section>
<section id="New features">
<section>
<h1>New in GRASS 8.4</h1>
<br>
<i class="fa fa-rocket fa-4x"></i>
<aside class="notes">
GRASS evolves and innovates, it is not a monolith
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: More machine learning</h2>
<p>Supervised classification with Support Vector Machines
<ul>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/i.svm.train.html">i.svm.train</a>: Train a Support Vector Machine</li>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/i.svm.predict.html">i.svm.predict</a>: Predict with a Support Vector Machine</li>
</ul>
</p>
<img src="img/user_accuracy_svm.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Maris Nartiss (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13102">Nartiss & Melniks 2023</a>)</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: More topology handling</h2>
<p><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/v.fill.holes.html">v.fill.holes</a>:
Fill holes in areas by keeping only outer boundaries</p>
<img src="img/v_fill_holes.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Vaclav Petras</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tools: Better horizon identification</h2>
<p><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/r.horizon.html">r.horizon</a>:
Output for multiple points, distances, and many other improvements</p>
<img src="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass83/manuals/rhorizon_polar_plot.png" class="stretch">
<small>Anna Petrasova, funded by NSF Award #2322073, granted to Natrx, Inc.</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Interfaces: JSON for Text Outputs</h2>
JSON output format support <code>(format="json")</code> in multiple tools (v.db.select, t.rast.list, …)
<pre class="bash"><code>
v.db.select roadsmajor format=json
</code></pre>
<p>
With better integration in Python:
<pre class="json"><code>
import json
import grass.script as gs
data = gs.parse_command("v.db.select", map="roadsmajor", format="json")
for row in data["records"]:
print(row["ROAD_NAME"])
</code></pre>
<p> More coming in 8.5 (r.report, r.info, …)</p>
<small>by Anna Petrasova, Vaclav Petras, Huidae Cho, Kriti Birda, Corey White, and others</small>
<aside class="notes">
Streamline the connection of GRASS and other tools within data science workflows!!
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>locations became <b>projects</b>!!</h2>
<p>The Python API, command line, and GUI are now using <b>project</b> instead
of location for the main component of the data hiearchy.</p>
<img src="img/projects.png" class="stretch">
<ul>
<li>
<code>~/data</code>
<ul>
<li>
<code>missouri</code> (location → project)
<ul>
<li><code>interstate_44</code> (mapset aka sub-project)
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
This change was motivated by the results of a community survey, and to use terminology
common to other software projects.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 1em;">CLI: <code>--tmp-project</code> with <code>--exec</code></h2>
<code>--tmp-location</code> is now <code>--tmp-project</code>
<pre style="font-size: 94%;"><code data-trim data-noescape>grass --tmp-project EPSG:3358 --exec \
r.viewshed input=elevation \
output=viewshed coordinates=642964,222890
</code></pre>
<br><br>
<p><code>--tmp-location</code> continues to work</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Python API: Simpler Creation of Projects</h2>
<p><code>grass.script</code> Python package: </p>
<p>Creation of new projects greatly simplified in
Python without a running session (no more chicken and egg problems)</p>
<pre><code data-trim data-noescape>
import grass.script as gs
gs.create_project("cordoba_utm21s", epsg="32721")
gs.setup.init("cordoba_utm21s")
</code></pre>
<small>by Vaclav Petras, funded by NSF Award #2322073, granted to Natrx, Inc.</small>
<aside class="notes">
It is also possible to create a project in a temporary folder
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Python API: Animations and ipyleaflet</h2>
<p><code>grass.jupyter</code> Python package:
<ul>
<li>
New <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass84/manuals/libpython/grass.jupyter.html#module-grass.jupyter.seriesmap"><code>grass.jupyter.SeriesMap</code></a>
class for animating series of vectors or rasters
<small>(temporal animations already available)</small>
</li>
<li>
New option to create a maps with <em>ipyleaflet</em>
<small>(will bring interactivity in 8.5)</small>
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<pre><code data-trim data-noescape>
s = gj.SeriesMap(height = 500)
s.add_rasters(["elevation_shade", "geology", "soils"])
s.add_vectors(["streams", "streets", "viewpoints"])
s.d_barscale()
s.show()
m = InteractiveMap(map_backend="ipyleaflet")
m.add_vector("streams")
m.add_raster("elevation")
m.show()
</code></pre>
<small>by Caitlin Haedrich, Riya Saxena, Anna Petrasova</small>
<!-- <img src="img/animation.gif" class="stretch"> -->
</section>
<section>
<h2>GUI: New history browser panel</h2>
<img src="img/history_panel.png" class="stretch">
<small>by Linda Karlovska with a <a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Student_Grants">GRASS GIS Student Grant</a></small>
<aside class="notes">
Commands grouped by date, we can see their status, the region setting when they were executed, etc.
Other GUI improvements include the integration of the modeler within single window layout,
undockable map displays, faster rendering in d modules.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Addon Tools: Wind-water Interactions</h2>
<p><em>r.windfetch</em> – distance which winds blow without obstruction</p>
<img src="img/r_windfetch.png" class="stretch">
<p><small>by Anna Petrasova, funded by NSF Award #2322073, granted to Natrx, Inc.</small>
</section>
<section id="Addons">
<h2>Addons tools: STAC support, SDM, faster flow accumulation...</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:65%;">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons/t.stac.html">t.stac toolset</a>: Explore metadata and ingest SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) items, collections, and catalogs.</li>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons/r.flowaccumulation.html">r.flowaccumulation</a>: Calculates flow accumulation using MEFA parallel algorithm by H. Cho (2023).</li>
<li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons/r.maxent.train.html">r.maxent.train</a> & <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass-stable/manuals/addons/r.maxent.predict.html">r.maxent.predict</a>: train and predict a Maxent model to create a suitability distribution maps.</li>
<li>... plotting tools, and tools to streamline access to different types of data.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="column" style="width:33%;">
<img src="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass83/manuals/addons/t_rast_line_07.png">
</div>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
I will tell you more in the GSoC slides (i.e., i.eodag) but also stay tuned for more as STAC integration is coming really soon too!
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<!-- <section id="Distribution">
<h2>Distribution</h2>
<ul>
<li>Getting ready to the transition to CMake based compilation</li>
<li>Advancements towards compliance with Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FSH)</li>
<li>GRASS GIS conda package on the way...</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/cmake_pr.png" class="stretch">
</section> -->
<section id="Mentoring">
<section>
<h1>Mentoring</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Mentoring and Student Grants Program</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Student_Grants">Student grants</a> to contribute to GRASS GIS: 1 student in 2023-2024.</li>
<li><a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Mentoring_Program">Mentoring</a> to integrate GRASS GIS into your workflows: 11 people working on various topics.</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/mentoring.jpg" class="stretch">
<h3>Calls are open!</h3>
<aside class="notes">
Most of us started in GRASS GIS because of a mentor, we value mentoring.
During 2024, GRASS lead 3 mentoring activities, one funded by donations, one by NSF and the GSoC by Google.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>GSoC 2024</h2>
<img src="img/gsoc_2024_students_and_mentors.png" class="stretch">
<br>
<img src="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/assets/media/logo.svg" width="300px">
</section>
<section>
<h2><a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_GSoC_2024_EODAG_Support" target="_blank">Add EODAG support to GRASS GIS</a></h2>
<small>Student: Hamed Ashraf <br>Mentors: Luca Delucchi, Veronica Andreo, Stefan Blumentrath</small>
<p>
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass83/manuals/addons/i.eodag.html">i.eodag</a>:
Downloads imagery datasets from various providers through the
<a href="https://eodag.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">EODAG</a> library.
</p>
<pre><code data-trim data-noescape>
v.extract input=urbanarea where="NAME = 'Durham'" output=durham
i.eodag -l start=2022-05-25 end=2022-06-01 clouds=30 \
map=durham dataset=S2_MSI_L2A provider=cop_dataspace
</code></pre>
<img src="https://eodag.readthedocs.io/en/stable/_images/eodag_overview.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2><a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_GSoC_2024_Improve_user_experience_in_Jupyter_Notebooks" target="_blank">Improve GRASS user experience in Jupyter Notebook</a></h2>
<small>Student: Riya Saxena <br>Mentors: Anna Petrasova, Corey White</small>
<p>Enable users to query attribute values and draw geometries, display and
change the computational region, support for custom CRS</p>
<img src="img/set_and_display_region_jupyter.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2><a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_GSoC_2024_Add_JSON_output" target="_blank">Add JSON output to different GRASS tools in C</a></h2>
<small>Student: Kriti Birda <br>Mentors: Corey White and Vaclav Petras</small>
<pre><code data-trim data-noescape>
r.what map=MOD11B3.A2015001.h11v05.single_LST_Day_6km points=firestations format=json
[
{
"easting": 620856.95858763403,
"northing": 230066.38313210499,
"MOD11B3.A2015001.h11v05.single_LST_Day_6km": {
"value": 14045
}
},
{
"easting": 625331.91859749099,
"northing": 229990.82160762601,
"MOD11B3.A2015001.h11v05.single_LST_Day_6km": {
"value": 14099
}
},
{
"easting": 615797.66547487001,
"northing": 213363.99261982701,
"MOD11B3.A2015001.h11v05.single_LST_Day_6km": {
"value": 14031
}
}
]
</code></pre>
<aside class="notes">
Many tools will have JSON output, this facilitates the connection with other
tools and software packages in data science.
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Community">
<section>
<h1>Community</h1>
<img src="img/grass_team_prague_2024.png" class="stretch">
<small><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/support/community/" target="_blank">https://grass.osgeo.org/support/community/</a></small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community growth</h2>
<ul>
<img src="img/grass_baby.png" class="bio-img">
<li>Two new contributors with write access: Edouard Choiniere and Linda Karlovska. Welcome!!</li>
<br>
<li>Three new GRASS GIS babies! Congratulations!!</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Community Meeting Prague 2024</h2>
<p><small><a href="//grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_Community_Meeting_Prague_2024"><small>https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_Community_Meeting_Prague_2024</small></a></small></p>
<img src="img/grass_community_meeting_room.jpg" class="stretch">
<small>Thanks to our sponsors, individual and anonymous contributors!!</small>
<img src="img/sponsors_2024.png" width="400px">
</section>
<!-- <section>
<h2>Most relevant results from the community meeting</h2>
<ul>
<li>Released GRASS 8.4. RC1</li>
<li>Parallelization of more tools: v.surf.rst, r.texture and r.horizon</li>
<li>Extensive improvements and testing of upcoming tools: t.stac toolset, v.ppa</li>
<li>GRASS-QGIS integration: it has even come to bug fixing during the call, see <a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/discussions/3898">the minutes</a></li>
<li>GRASS-R integration: directly read GRASS data through the gdal-grass plugin</li>
<li>Advanced in the conversion of manual pages to Markdown</li>
<li>Lots of CI improvements, issues and PRs cleanup, discussions, documenting procedures</li>
<li>Nix distribution, new tutorials... </li>
</ul>
<small>See more at: https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS_Community_Meeting_Prague_2024</small>
</section> -->
</section>
<section id="Governance">
<section>
<h2>Governance</h2>
<img src="img/psc_members.jpg" class="stretch">
<small><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/about/governance/" target="_blank">https://grass.osgeo.org/about/governance/</a></small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>PSC Elections</h2>
<ul>
<li>PSC elections to replace 4 seats completed by mid-October; 3 new members, 1 re-elected</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/2024_08_11_new_psc_meeting.png" class="stretch">
<a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/PSC_Election_2024" target="_blank">https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/PSC_Election_2024</a>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Project Mission and Roadmap</h1>
<center>
<img src="img/roadmap_2024_part_2.png">
<img src="img/roadmap_2024_part_1.png">
</center>
<p><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/about/roadmap/">grass.osgeo.org/about/roadmap</a></p>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>Formalized releases, language support and standards, and security procedures</li>
<li>Formalized contribution procedures: PR requires a positive review from someone with write access to be merged</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Funding">
<section>
<h1>Funding of Maintenance</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>NSF grant lead by NC State</h2>
<ul>
<li>NSF grant awarded to NC State, ASU, NMSU, Yale</li>
<li>to enhance infrastructure</li>
<li>to revise contributing guidelines</li>
<li>to support community building</li>
</ul>
<p>Note: The NSF program is aiming at sustainability, not adding features, fixing bugs, or ongoing maintenance.</p>
<img src="img/nsf_grant_announcement.png" class="stretch">
<aside class="notes">
It does not cover daily maintenance activities, nor development or implementation of new features
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section id="Get involved">
<section>
<h1>Get involved!</h1>
<h2>All contributions are welcome!</h2>
<img src="img/get_involved.jpg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Write code or docs</h2>
<br>
<ul>
<li>Fork the repo and suggest your code or doc changes via pull requests in
<a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass">grass</a> core,
<a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass-addons">grass-addons</a>, or
<a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass-website">grass-website</a> repositories
</li>
<li>File bug reports or feature requests</li>
<li>Ask, comment, suggest also in Github <a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/discussions">Discussions</a></li>
<li>Create your own GRASS tool! Now much easier with the <a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass-addon-cookiecutter">cookiecutter template</a></li>
<li>Have a look at the new <a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/blob/main/doc/development/style_guide.md">Style guide</a></li>
</ul>
<img src="img/octocat.png" class="stretch">
<aside class="notes">
Documentation: start by fixing typos in manual pages, add examples where missing, create cool screenshots
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Translate in <a href="https://weblate.osgeo.org/projects/grass-gis/">Weblate</a></h2>
<a href="https://weblate.osgeo.org/engage/grass-gis/">
<img src="https://weblate.osgeo.org/widget/grass-gis/open-graph.png" alt="Translation status" width="700px"/>
</a>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tell others what you know</h2>
<ul>
<li>Write tutorials for different applications or showcase your GRASS use cases</li>
<li>Currently at: <a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/grass-tutorials">OSGeo/grass-tutorials</a></li>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass-tutorials-view.png" class="stretch">
<small>Do you have a GRASS GIS use case you want to showcase? Talk to me later <i class="fa fa-smile-o"></i></small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Sponsor GRASS GIS!</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<ul>
<li>Donation (one-time, any amount), Supporter starts at 10 USD/month, Sponsor starts at 500 USD/year</li>
<li>Feedback? Talk to me about being part of the solution!</li>
</ul>
<img src="img/open_collective_qr.png">
</div>
<div class="column" style="width: 47%;">
<img src="img/opencollective.png">
</div>
</div>
<small><a href="https://opencollective.com/osgeo/projects/grass/contribute">https://opencollective.com/osgeo/projects/grass</a></small>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>Money donations allow us to:</li>
<ul>
<li>organize face-to-face coding sessions (sprints)</li>
<li>support mentoring programs and student grants</li>
<li>finance infrastucture needs (web site, etc)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Get in touch with us!</h1>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" width="300px">
<h2><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/">grass.osgeo.org</a></h2>
</section>
</section>
<section data-background-video="img/grass_prague.mp4" data-background-video-loop data-background-video-muted>
<h1 style="color: white;margin-bottom: 3.5em;"></h1>
<br><br>
<div class="message-box-white" style="margin-top: 1em;">
<small>
<i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> veroandreo@gmail.com<br>
<small><a href="https://veroandreo.github.io/grass-gis-talks">veroandreo.github.io/grass-gis-talks</a></small><br>
<small>With support of CONICET, FOSS4G and the GRASS GIS project</small>
</small>
</div>
</section>
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