j_03_Numpy.ipynb

{"cells":[{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"collapsed":true,"id":"LbOwvOJ58Gz3","jupyter":{"outputs_hidden":true}},"source":["# numpy\n","- 데이터프레임은 테이블 구조의 데이터를 편리하게 조작하기 위해서 사용한다\n","- 숫자만으로 구성된 데이터를 대상으로 \"연산\"을 하기 위해서는 어레이(array)로 표현되어야 한다\n","  - 어레이를 ndarray(n-dimensional array)라고도 부른다\n","- 어레이를 사용하기 위해 넘파이 라이브러리를 사용한다"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"3cbTFvGwOl5L"},"source":["## 리스트, 데이터프레임, 어레이의 차이\n","- 리스트는 데이터를 1차원 \"목록\"으로 만들어 조작하는 용도 (추가, 삭제, 변형 등)\n","- 데이터프레임은 2차원 테이블 구조의 데이터를 만들고 조작하는 용도\n","- 어레이는 연산을 위해 숫자만으로 구성된, 수학의 매트릭스와 같은 용도"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"membG-teOl5L"},"source":["## import\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":1,"metadata":{"id":"NkVqHo23Ol5M","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817539,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":1302,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}}},"outputs":[],"source":["import pandas as pd\n","import numpy as np"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"GHBt-E7XOl5M"},"source":["# 리스트와 어레이"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":2,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"tJFSKtuq8Gz_","outputId":"9358d8c0-0694-4d3d-8975-4ca6a7ba7d88","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817540,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":6,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}}},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["[1, 2, 5, 10, 1, 2, 5, 10, 1, 2, 5, 10]\n","[ 3  6 15 30]\n"]}],"source":["## 리스트의 복제(*)와 어레이의 곱셈 비교\n","\n","x = [1, 2, 5,10]  # 리스트 생성\n","print(x*3)        # 리스트를 복제하는 경우\n","\n","y = np.array(x) # 리스트를 어레이로 변환\n","print(y*3)      # 어레이에 대한 곱셈 수행"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":3,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"MKyeeD62Ol5M","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817540,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":4,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"7b72a665-084c-4335-80d5-015b28a27e5a"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["[1, 2, 5, 10]\n","<class 'numpy.ndarray'>\n","<class 'list'>\n"]}],"source":["## 어레이를 리스트로 바꾸려면 list()를 사용한다\n","\n","z = list(y)     # 어레이를 리스트로 타입을 바꾼다\n","print(z)        # [1, 2, 5, 10]\n","print(type(y))  # <class 'numpy.ndarray'>\n","print(type(z))  # <class 'list'>"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":4,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"X75JR0jdOl5N","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817540,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":4,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"c560e865-104e-49fc-c427-ee37112390d6"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["[ 11  12 103 104]\n","[ -9  -8 -97 -96]\n","[ 10  20 300 400]\n","[0.1  0.2  0.03 0.04]\n"]}],"source":["## 어레이의 연산은 각 항목별로 수행된다\n","\n","y1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])\n","y2 = np.array([10, 10, 100, 100])\n","\n","print(y1 + y2)  # [ 11  12 103 104]\n","print(y1 - y2)  # [ -9  -8 -97 -96]\n","print(y1 * y2)  # [ 10  20 300 400]\n","print(y1 / y2)  # [0.1  0.2  0.03 0.04]"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":5,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"AaiwnKbTOl5N","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817540,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":3,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"14333140-087c-4ba4-be2f-456ebcc17518"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["[1001 1002 1003 1004]\n","[-999 -998 -997 -996]\n","[1000 2000 3000 4000]\n","[0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004]\n"]}],"source":["## 어레이에 단변수의 연산을 수행하기\n","\n","y1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])\n","a = 1000\n","\n","print(y1 + a)  # [1001 1002 1003 1004]\n","print(y1 - a)  # [-999 -998 -997 -996]\n","print(y1 * a)  # [1000 2000 3000 4000]\n","print(y1 / a)  # [0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004]"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":6,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"Dkn28RLxOl5N","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817540,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":3,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"413e46ca-2496-4d3b-d8e3-f11434a12e09"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["[1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10, 100, 100]"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":6}],"source":["## 리스트에 대한 + 수행은 두 리스트를 합친다\n","\n","y1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])\n","y2 = np.array([10, 10, 100, 100])\n","\n","list(y1)+list(y2) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10, 100, 100]"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"V-Aahk6sOl5N"},"source":["## arange\n","- range 타입의 \"범위\" 데이터를 생성한 후 이를 어레이로 만들어준다"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":7,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"fl4emopM8G0n","outputId":"39006982-be93-4bf8-f69f-204407f23abf","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817540,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":2,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}}},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["[0 1 2 3 4 5]\n","[1 2 3 4 5 6]\n","[ 1  4  7 10 13 16 19]\n","[1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6]\n"]}],"source":["# 일정한 간격의 수로 구성된 어레이를 얻는다\n","# 디폴트로 0에서 시작하여 1씩 증가하는 정수형을 리턴한다\n","\n","print(np.arange(6))      # [0 1 2 3 4 5]\n","print(np.arange(1,7))    # [1 2 3 4 5 6]\n","print(np.arange(1,20,3)) # [ 1  4  7 10 13 16 19]\n","print(np.arange(1.1,4,0.5))# [1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6]"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"27kXEqrGOl5N"},"source":["## reshape\n","\n","- 어레이의 구조를 바꾼다"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":8,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"Snq3BM0NOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050817540,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":2,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"bb970092-c740-43f7-f51d-59d0d0134820"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n","       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n","       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":8}],"source":["x = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)\n","x"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":9,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"4B4-zuRuOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":620,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"00a8a84f-5e26-4f2a-a8eb-c28cfdc34619"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],\n","       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],\n","       [ 8,  9, 10, 11]])"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":9}],"source":["x.reshape(2,6)\n","x"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"-HYtmw8SOl5O"},"source":["# 데이터프레임과 어레이\n","- 기본적으로 행단로 추출하며 마치 행 번호를 인덱스인 것처럼 사용"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":10,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":238},"id":"44LyZh5AOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":7,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"3c416a6e-eb61-4180-863c-a49a17b6717f"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["      population  temp  cars\n","city                        \n","서울           990    13   300\n","부산           350    16   120\n","대구           250    14    80\n","대전           154    13    90\n","광주           150    15    70"],"text/html":["\n","  <div id=\"df-267910ae-cadd-47f7-bbbf-355c44a49cd4\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n","    <div>\n","<style scoped>\n"," 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    <td>154</td>\n","      <td>13</td>\n","      <td>90</td>\n","    </tr>\n","    <tr>\n","      <th>광주</th>\n","      <td>150</td>\n","      <td>15</td>\n","      <td>70</td>\n","    </tr>\n","  </tbody>\n","</table>\n","</div>\n","    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n","\n","  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n","    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-267910ae-cadd-47f7-bbbf-355c44a49cd4')\"\n","            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n","            style=\"display:none;\">\n","\n","  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n","    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n","  </svg>\n","    </button>\n","\n","  <style>\n","    .colab-df-container {\n","      display:flex;\n","      gap: 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250, 154, 150],\n","     'temp': [13, 16, 14, 13, 15],\n","     'cars': [300, 120, 80, 90, 70]}\n","\n","df = pd.DataFrame(x)\n","df.set_index(\"city\", inplace=True)\n","df"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":11,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"mTDVJBLjOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":6,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"dee31cc9-19d3-48c6-cda3-49d51f373f7c"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["(5, 3)\n"]},{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["array([[990,  13, 300],\n","       [350,  16, 120],\n","       [250,  14,  80],\n","       [154,  13,  90],\n","       [150,  15,  70]])"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":11}],"source":["## 데이터프레임을 어레이로 바꾸는 방법\n","# values를 사용한다\n","\n","z = df.values\n","print(z.shape)\n","z"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":12,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":206},"id":"duIs3ctQOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":6,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"a5780440-8089-4668-944c-efca156f0973"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["     0   1    2\n","0  990  13  300\n","1  350  16  120\n","2  250  14   80\n","3  154  13   90\n","4  150  15   70"],"text/html":["\n","  <div id=\"df-c2ccd211-03b6-4db4-b701-6ca994120ead\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n","    <div>\n","<style scoped>\n","    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n","        vertical-align: middle;\n","    }\n","\n","    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n","        vertical-align: top;\n","    }\n","\n","    .dataframe thead th {\n","        text-align: right;\n","    }\n","</style>\n","<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n","  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pd.DataFrame(z)\n","df2"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":13,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/","height":238},"id":"n5TOmwJIOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":5,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"49e2a66a-9c5e-4d04-a0b8-0329fa6d78d3"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["      population  temp  cars\n","city                        \n","서울           990    13   300\n","부산           350    16   120\n","대구           250    14    80\n","대전           154    13    90\n","광주           150    15    70"],"text/html":["\n","  <div id=\"df-ca3ad6f3-c643-42bb-8c23-93e214303945\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n","    <div>\n","<style scoped>\n","    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n","        vertical-align: middle;\n","    }\n","\n","    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n","        vertical-align: top;\n","    }\n","\n","    .dataframe thead th {\n"," 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  ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"temp\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1,\n        \"min\": 13,\n        \"max\": 16,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          16,\n          15,\n          13\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"cars\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 95,\n        \"min\": 70,\n        \"max\": 300,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5,\n        \"samples\": [\n          120,\n          70,\n          80\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"}},"metadata":{},"execution_count":13}],"source":["## 데이터프레임을 만들면서 인덱스와 컬럼명을 지정하는 방법\n","# 원래 데이터프레임이 있던 인덴스와 컬럼명을 사용하는 경우\n","\n","df2 = pd.DataFrame(z, index=df.index, columns=df.columns)\n","df2"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","metadata":{"id":"7fmFZUL_Ol5O"},"source":["## 어레이 다루기"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":14,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"FpY4WdL5Ol5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":5,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"ac4fc9a2-a752-43a5-e8ee-2cf2c530b6ae"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["[[990  13 300]\n"," [350  16 120]\n"," [250  14  80]]\n","[[990 300]\n"," [350 120]\n"," [250  80]\n"," [154  90]\n"," [150  70]]\n"]}],"source":["## 어레이의 0~3 사이의 행을 얻기\n","## 모든 행에 대해서, 컬럼 0과 2만 얻기\n","\n","print(z[:3])\n","print(z[:,[0,2]])"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":15,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"9Awt3QwROl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":5,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"07261812-9953-4383-f76f-1d5bff51e2fe"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["(array([[ 0,  1,  2],\n","        [ 3,  4,  5],\n","        [ 6,  7,  8],\n","        [ 9, 10, 11]]),\n"," array([[100, 101, 102],\n","        [103, 104, 105],\n","        [106, 107, 108],\n","        [109, 110, 111]]))"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":15}],"source":["## 임의의 어레이 두개 생성\n","\n","x1 = np.arange(0,12).reshape(4,3)\n","x2 = np.arange(100,112).reshape(4,3)\n","\n","x1, x2"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":16,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"sNJ6jzU3Ol5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":4,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"6c2beded-2876-447f-9bcd-dba2fdf1d399"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["array([[  0,   1,   2],\n","       [  3,   4,   5],\n","       [  6,   7,   8],\n","       [  9,  10,  11],\n","       [100, 101, 102],\n","       [103, 104, 105],\n","       [106, 107, 108],\n","       [109, 110, 111]])"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":16}],"source":["## 어레이 합치기, concatenate()를 사용한다\n","# 디폴트는 행 방향 (세로 방향)으로 붙인다\n","\n","x3 = np.concatenate((x1, x2))\n","x3\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":17,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"Pj1EBSuOOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":4,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"cf3cd436-58dc-4c05-a846-4b1d5d32584f"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["array([[  0,   1,   2, 100, 101, 102],\n","       [  3,   4,   5, 103, 104, 105],\n","       [  6,   7,   8, 106, 107, 108],\n","       [  9,  10,  11, 109, 110, 111]])"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":17}],"source":["## 컬럼 방향으로 붙이기 (axis=1을 지정한다)\n","\n","x3 = np.concatenate((x1, x2), axis=1)\n","x3"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":18,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"XLMNyBm1Ol5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818158,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":4,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"b89898dd-aa42-48cb-9899-95ca4b85af90"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["(2, 3, 2)"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":18}],"source":["x = np.arange(12).reshape(-1,3,2)\n","x.shape"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":19,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"19pjCfSjOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818531,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":377,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"d9eeab39-377e-494d-c9a5-8f676524de42"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"stream","name":"stdout","text":["[[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7]\n"," [ 8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15]\n"," [16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23]\n"," [24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31]\n"," [32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39]\n"," [40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47]]\n","0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7\n","8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15\n","16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23\n","24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31\n","32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39\n","40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47\n","\n"]}],"source":["## 어레이를 csv 파일로 저장한 후 파일 읽기\n","# savetxt()를 사용한다\n","\n","x = np.arange(48).reshape(6,8)\n","print(x)\n","np.savetxt('big.csv', x, fmt='%d', delimiter=',')\n","\n","with open('big.csv') as f:\n","    print(f.read())"]},{"cell_type":"code","execution_count":20,"metadata":{"colab":{"base_uri":"https://localhost:8080/"},"id":"QQcdiKeUOl5O","executionInfo":{"status":"ok","timestamp":1727050818531,"user_tz":-540,"elapsed":3,"user":{"displayName":"전석환","userId":"07131861431613450544"}},"outputId":"2158e2fd-46f0-4da3-9310-14040e14844d"},"outputs":[{"output_type":"execute_result","data":{"text/plain":["array([[ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.],\n","       [ 8.,  9., 10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15.],\n","       [16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23.],\n","       [24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31.],\n","       [32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38., 39.],\n","       [40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47.]])"]},"metadata":{},"execution_count":20}],"source":["## csv 파일을 어레이로 읽기 (데이터프레임으로 읽지 않음)\n","# loadtxt()를 사용한다\n","# 대용량 데이터인 경우, 데이터프레임으로 읽는 것보다 속도가 빠르다\n","\n","y = np.loadtxt('big.csv', delimiter=',')\n","y"]}],"metadata":{"colab":{"provenance":[]},"kernelspec":{"display_name":"Python 3 (ipykernel)","language":"python","name":"python3"},"language_info":{"codemirror_mode":{"name":"ipython","version":3},"file_extension":".py","mimetype":"text/x-python","name":"python","nbconvert_exporter":"python","pygments_lexer":"ipython3","version":"3.12.4"},"toc":{"base_numbering":1,"nav_menu":{},"number_sections":false,"sideBar":true,"skip_h1_title":false,"title_cell":"Table of Contents","title_sidebar":"Contents","toc_cell":false,"toc_position":{"height":"calc(100% - 180px)","left":"10px","top":"150px","width":"184.312px"},"toc_section_display":true,"toc_window_display":true}},"nbformat":4,"nbformat_minor":0}