diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index e019f0a196..82ae264ad0 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@
     "concurrently": "^8.0.1",
     "diamond-types-node": "1.0.2",
     "editing-traces": "https://github.com/streamich/editing-traces#6494020428530a6e382378b98d1d7e31334e2d7b",
-    "json-crdt-traces": "https://github.com/streamich/json-crdt-traces#5f68a13baf798897d39b87d7028b0b3cd5a50a6c",
     "eventsource": "^2.0.2",
     "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
     "fast-equals": "^5.0.1",
@@ -118,10 +117,12 @@
     "js-base64": "^3.7.2",
     "js-sdsl": "^4.4.0",
     "jsbi": "^4.3.0",
+    "json-crdt-traces": "https://github.com/streamich/json-crdt-traces#5f68a13baf798897d39b87d7028b0b3cd5a50a6c",
     "json-logic-js": "^2.0.1",
     "json-pack-napi": "^0.0.2",
     "load-script": "^2.0.0",
     "lodash": "^4.17.21",
+    "loro-crdt": "^0.4.1",
     "markdown-it": "^13.0.1",
     "messagepack": "^1.1.12",
     "msgpack-lite": "^0.1.26",
diff --git a/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/ClockEncoder.ts b/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/ClockEncoder.ts
index bd24cdcb38..c07567de7b 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/ClockEncoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/ClockEncoder.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {ITimestampStruct, IClockVector, tick} from '../../clock';
+import {ITimestampStruct, IClockVector, tick, Timestamp} from '../../clock';
 import {RelativeTimestamp} from './RelativeTimestamp';
 
 class ClockTableEntry {
@@ -24,12 +24,14 @@ export class ClockEncoder {
     const sid = ts.sid;
     let entry = this.table.get(sid);
     if (!entry) {
-      const clock = this.clock!.peers.get(sid)!;
+      let clock = this.clock!.peers.get(sid);
+      if (!clock) clock = new Timestamp(sid, this.clock!.time - 1);
       entry = new ClockTableEntry(this.index++, clock);
       this.table.set(sid, entry);
     }
     const clock = entry.clock;
     const timeDiff = clock.time - time;
+    if (timeDiff < 0) throw new Error('TIME_TRAVEL');
     return new RelativeTimestamp(entry.index, timeDiff);
   }
 
diff --git a/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/__tests__/ClockEncoder.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/__tests__/ClockEncoder.spec.ts
index f2ee6a99a9..cb0ef67f90 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/__tests__/ClockEncoder.spec.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt-patch/codec/clock/__tests__/ClockEncoder.spec.ts
@@ -50,16 +50,3 @@ test('encodes each clock only once', () => {
   const encoded = encoder.toJson();
   expect(encoded).toEqual([100, 100, 50, 50, 10, 10]);
 });
-
-test('throws when unknown clock is being encoded', () => {
-  const clock = new ClockVector(100, 100);
-  const ts1 = ts(50, 50);
-  const ts2 = ts(10, 10);
-  clock.observe(ts1, 1);
-  clock.observe(ts2, 1);
-  const encoder = new ClockEncoder();
-  encoder.reset(clock);
-  encoder.append(ts1);
-  encoder.append(ts2);
-  expect(() => encoder.append(ts(77, 77))).toThrow();
-});
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/__bench__/bench.traces.crdt-libs.ts b/src/json-crdt/__bench__/bench.traces.crdt-libs.ts
index fa4e877dce..49d68e02f4 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/__bench__/bench.traces.crdt-libs.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/__bench__/bench.traces.crdt-libs.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ runTraceMatrix({
     // 'Y.rs',
     // 'Automerge',
     // 'collabs',
+    // 'loro',
   ],
   iterationsPerEditor: 50,
 });
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/__bench__/util/editors.ts b/src/json-crdt/__bench__/util/editors.ts
index aff18fed18..933aebd478 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/__bench__/util/editors.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/__bench__/util/editors.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import * as Y from 'yjs';
 import Yrs from 'ywasm';
 import * as Automerge from '@automerge/automerge';
 import {CRuntime, CText} from '@collabs/collabs';
+import {Loro} from 'loro-crdt';
 import type {SequentialTraceEditor} from './types';
 const Rope = require('rope.js');
 
@@ -203,6 +204,25 @@ const editorRopeJs: SequentialTraceEditor = {
   },
 };
 
+const editorLoro: SequentialTraceEditor = {
+  name: 'loro',
+  factory: () => {
+    const doc = new Loro();
+    const text = doc.getText('text');
+    return {
+      ins: (pos: number, insert: string) => {
+        text.insert(pos, insert);
+      },
+      del: (pos: number, len: number) => {
+        text.delete(pos, len);
+      },
+      get: () => text.toString(),
+      len: () => text.toString().length,
+      chunks: () => 0,
+    };
+  },
+};
+
 export const editors = {
   'StrNode (json-joy)': editorStrNode,
   'json-joy': editorJsonJoy,
@@ -213,6 +233,7 @@ export const editors = {
   'diamond-types-node': editorDiamondTypesNode,
   'V8 strings': editorV8Strings,
   'rope.js': editorRopeJs,
+  loro: editorLoro,
 };
 
 export type SequentialEditorName = keyof typeof editors;
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/Picker.ts b/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/Picker.ts
index 4e3a130c60..37a9370b5d 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/Picker.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/Picker.ts
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ export class Picker {
   public generateObjectKey(): string {
     const useCommonKey = Math.random() < 0.25;
     if (useCommonKey) {
-      return Fuzzer.pick(commonKeys);
+      const str = Fuzzer.pick(commonKeys);
+      if (this.opts.noProtoString && str === '__proto__') return this.generateObjectKey();
+      return str;
     } else {
       const length = Math.floor(Math.random() * 20) + 1;
       return RandomJson.genString(length);
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/types.ts b/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/types.ts
index 6d8ceca255..a11ee39446 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/types.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/__tests__/fuzzer/types.ts
@@ -31,4 +31,7 @@ export interface FuzzerOptions {
 
   /** Whether to serialize/deserialize models and patches. */
   testCodecs: boolean;
+
+  /** Do not generate "__proto__" as a string, so it does not appear as object key. */
+  noProtoString?: boolean;
 }
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Decoder.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Decoder.ts
index 7c809f3f6f..0d9fe1c01f 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Decoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Decoder.ts
@@ -133,14 +133,9 @@ export class Decoder {
     const decoder = this.dec;
     const reader = decoder.reader;
     const id = this.ts();
-    const isTombstone = reader.uint8[reader.x] === 0;
-    if (isTombstone) {
-      reader.x++;
-      const length = reader.vu57();
-      return new nodes.StrChunk(id, length, '');
-    }
-    const text: string = decoder.readAsStr() as string;
-    return new nodes.StrChunk(id, text.length, text);
+    const val = decoder.val();
+    if (typeof val === 'string') return new nodes.StrChunk(id, val.length, val);
+    return new nodes.StrChunk(id, ~~(<number>val), '');
   };
 
   protected decodeBin(id: ITimestampStruct, length: number): nodes.BinNode {
@@ -154,7 +149,7 @@ export class Decoder {
     const reader = this.dec.reader;
     const [deleted, length] = reader.b1vu56();
     if (deleted) return new nodes.BinChunk(id, length, undefined);
-    else return new nodes.BinChunk(id, length, reader.buf(length));
+    return new nodes.BinChunk(id, length, reader.buf(length));
   };
 
   protected decodeArr(id: ITimestampStruct, length: number): nodes.ArrNode {
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Encoder.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Encoder.ts
index 2989d05086..e9cf90a6eb 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Encoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/indexed/binary/Encoder.ts
@@ -129,10 +129,8 @@ export class Encoder {
     this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.STR, node.count);
     for (let chunk = node.first(); chunk; chunk = node.next(chunk)) {
       this.ts(chunk.id);
-      if (chunk.del) {
-        writer.u8(0);
-        writer.vu57(chunk.span);
-      } else encoder.writeStr(chunk.data!);
+      if (chunk.del) encoder.writeUInteger(chunk.span);
+      else encoder.writeStr(chunk.data!);
     }
     return writer.flush();
   }
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Decoder.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Decoder.ts
index 66d0070b25..25b6e7689b 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Decoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Decoder.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {CborDecoderBase} from '../../../../json-pack/cbor/CborDecoderBase';
 import * as nodes from '../../../nodes';
 import {CRDT_MAJOR} from '../../structural/binary/constants';
 import {sort} from '../../../../util/sort/insertion';
+import {SESSION} from '../../../../json-crdt-patch/constants';
 
 export class Decoder {
   protected doc!: Model;
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ export class Decoder {
     const length = minor < 24 ? minor : minor === 24 ? reader.u8() : minor === 25 ? reader.u16() : reader.u32();
     switch (major) {
       case CRDT_MAJOR.CON:
-        return this.cCon(view, id);
+        return this.cCon(view, id, length);
       case CRDT_MAJOR.VAL:
         return this.cVal(view, id);
       case CRDT_MAJOR.OBJ:
@@ -80,9 +81,9 @@ export class Decoder {
     throw new Error('UNKNOWN_NODE');
   }
 
-  protected cCon(view: unknown, id: ITimestampStruct): nodes.ConNode {
+  protected cCon(view: unknown, id: ITimestampStruct, length: number): nodes.ConNode {
     const doc = this.doc;
-    const node = new nodes.ConNode(id, view);
+    const node = new nodes.ConNode(id, length ? this.ts() : view);
     doc.index.set(id, node);
     return node;
   }
@@ -116,11 +117,10 @@ export class Decoder {
     const elements = obj.elements;
     const reader = this.decoder.reader;
     for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      const octet = reader.peak();
-      if (octet === 0xff) {
-        reader.x++;
-        elements.push(undefined);
-      } else elements.push(this.cNode(view[i]).id);
+      const child = this.cNode(view[i]);
+      const childId = child.id;
+      if (childId.sid === SESSION.SYSTEM) elements.push(undefined);
+      else elements.push(childId);
     }
     this.doc.index.set(id, obj);
     return obj;
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ export class Decoder {
     let offset = 0;
     node.ingest(length, (): nodes.StrChunk => {
       const id = this.ts();
-      const span = reader.vu57();
-      if (!span) return new nodes.StrChunk(id, length, '');
+      const [deleted, span] = reader.b1vu56();
+      if (deleted) return new nodes.StrChunk(id, span, '');
       const text = view.slice(offset, offset + span);
       offset += span;
       return new nodes.StrChunk(id, text.length, text);
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ export class Decoder {
     let offset = 0;
     node.ingest(length, (): nodes.BinChunk => {
       const id = this.ts();
-      const span = reader.vu57();
-      if (!span) return new nodes.BinChunk(id, length, undefined);
+      const [deleted, span] = reader.b1vu56();
+      if (deleted) return new nodes.BinChunk(id, span, undefined);
       const slice = view.slice(offset, offset + span);
       offset += span;
       return new nodes.BinChunk(id, slice.length, slice);
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Encoder.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Encoder.ts
index cfe83a7cff..f937ae7ef5 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Encoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/Encoder.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {CborEncoder} from '../../../../json-pack/cbor/CborEncoder';
 import {SESSION} from '../../../../json-crdt-patch/constants';
 import {CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY} from '../../structural/binary/constants';
 import {sort} from '../../../../util/sort/insertion';
+import {UNDEFINED} from '../../../model/Model';
 import type {Model} from '../../../model';
 
 export class Encoder {
@@ -86,18 +87,20 @@ export class Encoder {
   protected cCon(node: nodes.ConNode): void {
     const val = node.val;
     this.ts(node.id);
+    const metaEncoder = this.metaEncoder;
     if (val instanceof Timestamp) {
       this.viewEncoder.writeNull();
-      this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.CON, 1);
+      metaEncoder.writer.u8(1); // this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.CON, 1);
+      this.ts(val);
     } else {
       this.viewEncoder.writeAny(val);
-      this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.CON, 0);
+      metaEncoder.writer.u8(0); // this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.CON, 0);
     }
   }
 
   protected cVal(node: nodes.ValNode): void {
     this.ts(node.id);
-    this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.VAL, 0);
+    this.metaEncoder.writer.u8(0b00100000); // this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.VAL, 0);
     this.cNode(node.node());
   }
 
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ export class Encoder {
     const index = this.doc.index;
     for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
       const elementId = elements[i];
-      if (!elementId) this.metaEncoder.writer.u8(0xff);
+      if (!elementId) this.cCon(UNDEFINED);
       else this.cNode(index.get(elementId)!);
     }
   }
@@ -137,7 +140,7 @@ export class Encoder {
     const writer = this.metaEncoder.writer;
     for (let chunk = node.first(); chunk; chunk = node.next(chunk)) {
       ts(chunk.id);
-      writer.vu57(chunk.span);
+      writer.b1vu56(~~chunk.del as 0 | 1, chunk.span);
     }
   }
 
@@ -149,7 +152,7 @@ export class Encoder {
     const writer = this.metaEncoder.writer;
     for (let chunk = node.first(); chunk; chunk = node.next(chunk)) {
       ts(chunk.id);
-      writer.vu57(chunk.span);
+      writer.b1vu56(~~chunk.del as 0 | 1, chunk.span);
     }
   }
 
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ export class Encoder {
       const deleted = chunk.del;
       const span = chunk.span;
       writer.b1vu56(~~deleted as 0 | 1, span);
-      if (span) {
+      if (!deleted) {
         const elements = chunk.data!;
         const elementsLength = elements.length;
         for (let i = 0; i < elementsLength; i++) this.cNode(index.get(elements[i])!);
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/Encoder.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/Encoder.spec.ts
index 105ba3fed6..d04720cb45 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/Encoder.spec.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/Encoder.spec.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {CborDecoder} from '../../../../../json-pack/cbor/CborDecoder';
 import {Model} from '../../../../model';
 import {Encoder} from '../Encoder';
 import {Decoder} from '../Decoder';
+import {Timestamp} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch/clock';
 
 test('con', () => {
   const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
@@ -19,6 +20,21 @@ test('con', () => {
   expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
 });
 
+test('con - timestamp', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  const encoder = new Encoder();
+  const decoder = new Decoder();
+  const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+  model.api.root(s.con(new Timestamp(666, 1)));
+  const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.decode(view);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
+  expect(model.view()).toEqual(decoded.view());
+  expect(viewDecoded).toEqual(null);
+  expect(decoded.clock.sid).toBe(model.clock.sid);
+  expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
+});
+
 test('val', () => {
   const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
   const encoder = new Encoder();
@@ -68,6 +84,44 @@ test('obj - 2', () => {
   expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
 });
 
+test('obj - with deleted keys', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  const encoder = new Encoder();
+  const decoder = new Decoder();
+  const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+  model.api.root({
+    a: 1,
+    b: 2,
+    c: 3,
+    d: 4,
+  });
+  model.api.obj([]).del(['b', 'd']);
+  expect(model.view()).toEqual({a: 1, c: 3});
+  const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.decode(view);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
+  expect(decoded.view()).toEqual({a: 1, c: 3});
+});
+
+test('obj - supports "__proto__" key', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  const encoder = new Encoder();
+  const decoder = new Decoder();
+  const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+  model.api.root({
+    a: 1,
+    b: 2,
+    __proto__: 3,
+    d: 4,
+  });
+  model.api.obj([]).del(['b', 'd']);
+  expect(model.view()).toEqual({a: 1, __proto__: 3});
+  const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.decode(view);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
+  expect(decoded.view()).toEqual({a: 1, __proto__: 3});
+});
+
 test('vec', () => {
   const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
   const encoder = new Encoder();
@@ -90,7 +144,7 @@ test('vec - 2', () => {
   const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
   model.api.root(s.vec(s.con(false), s.con(1), s.con(null)));
   const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
-  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.decode(view);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.read(view);
   const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
   expect(model.view()).toEqual(decoded.view());
   expect(model.view()).toEqual(viewDecoded);
@@ -98,6 +152,22 @@ test('vec - 2', () => {
   expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
 });
 
+test('vec - with gaps', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  const encoder = new Encoder();
+  const decoder = new Decoder();
+  const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+  model.api.root(s.vec(s.con(1)));
+  model.api.vec([]).set([[2, s.con(3)]]);
+  expect(model.view()).toStrictEqual([1, undefined, 3]);
+  const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.read(view);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
+  expect(decoded.view()).toStrictEqual([1, undefined, 3]);
+  expect(decoded.clock.sid).toBe(model.clock.sid);
+  expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
+});
+
 test('str', () => {
   const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
   const encoder = new Encoder();
@@ -106,7 +176,7 @@ test('str', () => {
   model.api.root('Hello');
   model.api.str([]).ins(5, ' World');
   const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
-  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.decode(view);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.read(view);
   const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
   expect(model.view()).toEqual(decoded.view());
   expect(model.view()).toEqual(viewDecoded);
@@ -114,6 +184,23 @@ test('str', () => {
   expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
 });
 
+test('str - with deleted chunks', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  const encoder = new Encoder();
+  const decoder = new Decoder();
+  const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+  model.api.root('Hello');
+  model.api.str([]).ins(5, ' World');
+  const model2 = model.fork();
+  model2.api.str([]).ins(3, '~');
+  model.api.str([]).del(2, 2);
+  const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.read(view);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
+  decoded.applyPatch(model2.api.flush());
+  expect(decoded.view()).toBe('He~o World');
+});
+
 test('bin', () => {
   const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
   const encoder = new Encoder();
@@ -130,6 +217,22 @@ test('bin', () => {
   expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
 });
 
+test('bin - with deleted chunks', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  const encoder = new Encoder();
+  const decoder = new Decoder();
+  const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+  model.api.root(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]));
+  const model2 = model.fork();
+  model.api.bin([]).del(1, 2);
+  const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.read(view);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
+  model2.api.bin([]).ins(2, new Uint8Array([6, 7]));
+  decoded.applyPatch(model2.api.flush());
+  expect(decoded.view()).toEqual(new Uint8Array([1, 6, 7, 4, 5]));
+});
+
 test('arr', () => {
   const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
   const encoder = new Encoder();
@@ -138,10 +241,26 @@ test('arr', () => {
   model.api.root([1, 2, 3]);
   model.api.arr([]).ins(3, [4, 5, 6]);
   const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
-  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.decode(view);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.read(view);
   const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
   expect(model.view()).toEqual(decoded.view());
   expect(model.view()).toEqual(viewDecoded);
   expect(decoded.clock.sid).toBe(model.clock.sid);
   expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
 });
+
+test('arr - with deleted chunks', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  const encoder = new Encoder();
+  const decoder = new Decoder();
+  const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+  model.api.root([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+  const model2 = model.fork();
+  model.api.arr([]).del(1, 2);
+  const [view, meta] = encoder.encode(model);
+  const viewDecoded = cborDecoder.read(view);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(viewDecoded, meta);
+  model2.api.arr([]).ins(2, [6, 7]);
+  decoded.applyPatch(model2.api.flush());
+  expect(decoded.view()).toEqual([1, 6, 7, 4, 5]);
+});
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/all-types-smoketest.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/all-types-smoketest.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f679991c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/all-types-smoketest.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import {Model} from '../../../../model';
+import {runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests} from '../../../structural/verbose/__tests__/runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests';
+import {Encoder} from '../Encoder';
+import {Decoder} from '../Decoder';
+import {CborDecoder} from '../../../../../json-pack/cbor/CborDecoder';
+
+const encoder = new Encoder();
+const decoder = new Decoder();
+const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+
+const assertCodec = (doc: Model) => {
+  const [view, sidecar] = encoder.encode(doc);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(cborDecoder.read(view), sidecar);
+  expect(doc.view()).toEqual(decoded.view());
+};
+
+runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests(assertCodec);
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/automated-logical.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/automated-logical.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7e07cfa9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/automated-logical.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import {ClockVector} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch/clock';
+import {Model} from '../../../../model';
+import {Encoder} from '../Encoder';
+import {Decoder} from '../Decoder';
+import {documents} from '../../../../../__tests__/json-documents';
+import {binaryDocuments} from '../../../../../__tests__/binary-documents';
+import {CborDecoder} from '../../../../../json-pack/cbor/CborDecoder';
+
+for (const {name, json} of [...documents, ...binaryDocuments]) {
+  describe('fresh encoder and decoder', () => {
+    test(name, () => {
+      const doc1 = Model.withLogicalClock(new ClockVector(222, 0));
+      doc1.api.root(json);
+      const encoder = new Encoder();
+      const decoder = new Decoder();
+      const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+      const [view, sidecar] = encoder.encode(doc1);
+      const doc2 = decoder.decode(cborDecoder.read(view), sidecar);
+      expect(doc1.view()).toEqual(json);
+      expect(doc2.view()).toEqual(json);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('shared encoder and decoder', () => {
+    const encoder = new Encoder();
+    const decoder = new Decoder();
+    const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+
+    test(name, () => {
+      const doc1 = Model.withLogicalClock(new ClockVector(222, 0));
+      doc1.api.root(json);
+      const [view, sidecar] = encoder.encode(doc1);
+      const doc2 = decoder.decode(cborDecoder.read(view), sidecar);
+      expect(doc1.view()).toEqual(json);
+      expect(doc2.view()).toEqual(json);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/fuzzer-logical.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/fuzzer-logical.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..315b63d0bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/sidecar/binary/__tests__/fuzzer-logical.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import {JsonCrdtFuzzer} from '../../../../__tests__/fuzzer/JsonCrdtFuzzer';
+import {Encoder} from '../Encoder';
+import {Decoder} from '../Decoder';
+import {CborDecoder} from '../../../../../json-pack/cbor/CborDecoder';
+
+const encoder = new Encoder();
+const decoder = new Decoder();
+const cborDecoder = new CborDecoder();
+
+const runs = 10;
+const sessionNum = 5;
+
+test('serialization fuzzing tests', () => {
+  for (let r = 0; r < runs; r++) {
+    const fuzzer = new JsonCrdtFuzzer({
+      testCodecs: false,
+      noProtoString: true,
+    });
+    fuzzer.setupModel();
+    for (let ses = 0; ses < sessionNum; ses++) {
+      fuzzer.executeConcurrentSession();
+      const model = fuzzer.model;
+      const json = model.view();
+      const [view, sidecar] = encoder.encode(model);
+      const model2 = decoder.decode(cborDecoder.read(view), sidecar);
+      expect(model.view()).toEqual(json);
+      expect(model2.view()).toEqual(json);
+    }
+  }
+});
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Decoder.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Decoder.ts
index 0347ca9c21..1de5d32c76 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Decoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Decoder.ts
@@ -149,16 +149,10 @@ export class Decoder extends CborDecoderBase<CrdtReader> {
   }
 
   private cStrChunk = (): nodes.StrChunk => {
-    const reader = this.reader;
     const id = this.ts();
-    const isTombstone = reader.uint8[reader.x] === 0;
-    if (isTombstone) {
-      reader.x++;
-      const length = reader.vu57();
-      return new nodes.StrChunk(id, length, '');
-    }
-    const text: string = this.readAsStr() as string;
-    return new nodes.StrChunk(id, text.length, text);
+    const val = this.val();
+    if (typeof val === 'string') return new nodes.StrChunk(id, val.length, val);
+    return new nodes.StrChunk(id, ~~(<number>val), '');
   };
 
   protected cBin(id: ITimestampStruct, length: number): nodes.BinNode {
@@ -173,7 +167,7 @@ export class Decoder extends CborDecoderBase<CrdtReader> {
     const reader = this.reader;
     const [deleted, length] = reader.b1vu56();
     if (deleted) return new nodes.BinChunk(id, length, undefined);
-    else return new nodes.BinChunk(id, length, reader.buf(length));
+    return new nodes.BinChunk(id, length, reader.buf(length));
   };
 
   protected cArr(id: ITimestampStruct, length: number): nodes.ArrNode {
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Encoder.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Encoder.ts
index 356260046f..9734da685e 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Encoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/Encoder.ts
@@ -145,15 +145,12 @@ export class Encoder extends CborEncoder<CrdtWriter> {
 
   protected cStr(node: nodes.StrNode): void {
     const ts = this.ts;
-    const writer = this.writer;
     ts(node.id);
     this.writeTL(CRDT_MAJOR_OVERLAY.STR, node.count);
     for (let chunk = node.first(); chunk; chunk = node.next(chunk)) {
       ts(chunk.id);
-      if (chunk.del) {
-        writer.u8(0);
-        writer.vu57(chunk.span);
-      } else this.writeStr(chunk.data!);
+      if (chunk.del) this.writeUInteger(chunk.span);
+      else this.writeStr(chunk.data!);
     }
   }
 
@@ -166,7 +163,7 @@ export class Encoder extends CborEncoder<CrdtWriter> {
       ts(chunk.id);
       const length = chunk.span;
       const deleted = chunk.del;
-      writer.b1vu56(~~chunk.del as 0 | 1, length);
+      writer.b1vu56(~~deleted as 0 | 1, length);
       if (deleted) continue;
       writer.buf(chunk.data!, length);
     }
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/ViewDecoder.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/ViewDecoder.ts
index 1992ed9968..187a447ede 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/ViewDecoder.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/ViewDecoder.ts
@@ -88,18 +88,11 @@ export class ViewDecoder extends CborDecoderBase<CrdtReader> {
   }
 
   protected cStr(length: number): string {
-    const reader = this.reader;
     let str = '';
     for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
       this.ts();
-      const isTombstone = reader.uint8[reader.x] === 0;
-      if (isTombstone) {
-        reader.x++;
-        reader.vu57Skip();
-        continue;
-      }
-      const text: string = this.val() as string;
-      str += text;
+      const val = this.val();
+      if (typeof val === 'string') str += val;
     }
     return str;
   }
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/all-types-smoketest.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/all-types-smoketest.spec.ts
index 9d0e6c0d21..6cce9985a5 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/all-types-smoketest.spec.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/all-types-smoketest.spec.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ const assertCodec = (doc: Model) => {
   const encoded = doc.toBinary();
   const decoded = Model.fromBinary(encoded);
   expect(doc.view()).toEqual(decoded.view());
+  expect(doc.toString()).toEqual(decoded.toString());
 };
 
 const view = new ViewDecoder();
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/codec-logical.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/codec-logical.spec.ts
index d3cc68c3a7..b27333ebb0 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/codec-logical.spec.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/binary/__tests__/codec-logical.spec.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {Encoder} from '../Encoder';
 import {Decoder} from '../Decoder';
 import {compare, equal, Timestamp, ClockVector} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch/clock';
 import {konst} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch/builder/Konst';
+import {s} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch';
 
 const encoder = new Encoder();
 const decoder = new Decoder();
@@ -117,3 +118,13 @@ test('can encode ID as const value', () => {
   expect(ts).toBeInstanceOf(Timestamp);
   expect(equal(ts, new Timestamp(model.clock.sid, 2))).toBe(true);
 });
+
+test('can encode timestamp in "con" node', () => {
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+  model.api.root(s.con(new Timestamp(666, 1)));
+  const encoded = encoder.encode(model);
+  const decoded = decoder.decode(encoded);
+  expect(model.view()).toEqual(decoded.view());
+  expect(decoded.clock.sid).toBe(model.clock.sid);
+  expect(decoded.clock.time).toBe(model.clock.time);
+});
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/verbose/__tests__/runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests.ts b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/verbose/__tests__/runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests.ts
index e183cc8aea..37754a7e23 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/verbose/__tests__/runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/codec/structural/verbose/__tests__/runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import {s} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch';
 import {konst} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch/builder/Konst';
 import {vec} from '../../../../../json-crdt-patch/builder/Tuple';
 import {Model} from '../../../../model';
@@ -50,4 +51,17 @@ export const runCodecAllTypesSmokeTests = (assertCodec: (doc: Model) => void) =>
     model.api.root({foo: 'bar', empty: {}});
     assertCodec(model);
   });
+
+  test('vector', () => {
+    const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+    model.api.root(s.vec(s.con(1), s.con(2), s.con(3)));
+    assertCodec(model);
+  });
+
+  test('vector - with gaps', () => {
+    const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+    model.api.root(s.vec(s.con(1)));
+    model.api.vec([]).set([[2, s.con(3)]]);
+    assertCodec(model);
+  });
 };
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 42d03311a9..8d331fc535 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -3813,6 +3813,18 @@ loose-envify@^1.1.0:
   dependencies:
     js-tokens "^3.0.0 || ^4.0.0"
 
+loro-crdt@^0.4.1:
+  version "0.4.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loro-crdt/-/loro-crdt-0.4.1.tgz#4a8cf0602c7232a66f20b4d9a05d236b14d0192c"
+  integrity sha512-VoGJ6dPu38QqMOztU2q5GQgbV5cl0oZ4U0Trgjfz7l/u5S0RHpMhiZhSqSeYO4sieDtTA97GMirt0jYrJO3TGw==
+  dependencies:
+    loro-wasm "0.4.1"
+
+loro-wasm@0.4.1:
+  version "0.4.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loro-wasm/-/loro-wasm-0.4.1.tgz#93e2aeb35d7518c9ad482388bcc35b838582c50a"
+  integrity sha512-tE+cH1AM8/IoWeA3gwq0DalsXVzqjH1uVL390xyjTvrmAtiNXfPxR8PSQDZQ+z6vTreJToLih2Hc9ajHC99JZA==
+
 lower-case@^2.0.2:
   version "2.0.2"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lower-case/-/lower-case-2.0.2.tgz#6fa237c63dbdc4a82ca0fd882e4722dc5e634e28"