diff --git a/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml b/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml
index 7f8471deecb..f785da70482 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/builddoc.yml
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install .[docs]
+      run: |
+        uv pip install --group docs
+        uv pip install .
     - name: Render the documentation
       run: >
         sphinx-build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index c8444c6a14f..86817e34423 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install ".[lint,test]"
+      run: uv pip install --group types
     - name: Type check with mypy
       run: mypy
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install ".[lint,test]"
+      run: uv pip install --group types
     - name: Type check with pyright
       run: pyright
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install --upgrade sphinx-lint
+      run: uv pip install --group lint
     - name: Lint documentation with sphinx-lint
       run: make doclinter
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 4b3b3283536..bebdb382da9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install .[test]
+      run: |
+        uv pip install --group test
+        uv pip install .
     - name: Install Docutils ${{ matrix.docutils }}
       run: uv pip install --upgrade "docutils~=${{ matrix.docutils }}.0"
     - name: Test with pytest
@@ -202,7 +204,9 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install .[test]
+      run: |
+        uv pip install --group test
+        uv pip install .
     - name: Test with pytest
       run: python -m pytest -vv --durations 25
       env:
@@ -237,7 +241,9 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install .[test]
+      run: |
+        uv pip install --group test
+        uv pip install .
     - name: Install Docutils' HEAD
       run: uv pip install "docutils @ git+https://repo.or.cz/docutils.git#subdirectory=docutils"
     - name: Test with pytest
@@ -271,7 +277,8 @@ jobs:
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
-        uv pip install .[test] --resolution lowest-direct
+        uv pip install --group test
+        uv pip install . --resolution lowest-direct
         uv pip install alabaster==1.0.0
     - name: Test with pytest
       run: python -m pytest -vv --durations 25
@@ -301,7 +308,9 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install .[test]
+      run: |
+        uv pip install --group test
+        uv pip install .
     - name: Test with pytest
       run: python -m pytest -vv --durations 25
       env:
@@ -332,7 +341,10 @@ jobs:
         version: latest
         enable-cache: false
     - name: Install dependencies
-      run: uv pip install .[test] pytest-cov
+      run: |
+        uv pip install --group test
+        uv pip install pytest-cov
+        uv pip install .
     - name: Test with pytest
       run: python -m pytest -vv --cov . --cov-append --cov-config pyproject.toml
       env:
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 4debbde3fa6..8a04b8d0735 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -77,13 +77,48 @@ dependencies = [
 dynamic = ["version"]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
+docs = []
+lint = []
+test = []
+
+[[project.authors]]
+name = "Georg Brandl"
+email = "georg@python.org"
+
+[project.scripts]
+sphinx-build = "sphinx.cmd.build:main"
+sphinx-quickstart = "sphinx.cmd.quickstart:main"
+sphinx-apidoc = "sphinx.ext.apidoc:main"
+sphinx-autogen = "sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate:main"
+
+[dependency-groups]
+all = [
+    { include-group = "docs" },
+    { include-group = "lint" },
+    { include-group = "test" },
+    { include-group = "types" },
+]
 docs = [
     "sphinxcontrib-websupport",
 ]
 lint = [
     "ruff==0.9.2",
-    "mypy==1.14.1",
     "sphinx-lint>=0.9",
+]
+test = [
+    "pytest>=8.0",
+    "defusedxml>=0.7.1", # for secure XML/HTML parsing
+    "cython>=3.0",
+    "setuptools>=70.0",  # for Cython compilation
+    "typing_extensions>=4.9",  # for test_restify_Unpack
+]
+types = [
+    "mypy==1.14.1",
+    "pyright==1.1.392.post0",
+    "pytest>=8.0",  # for mypy
+    { include-group = "type-stubs" },
+]
+type-stubs = [
     "types-colorama==0.4.15.20240311",
     "types-defusedxml==0.7.0.20240218",
     "types-docutils==0.21.0.20241128",
@@ -91,27 +126,8 @@ lint = [
     "types-Pygments==2.19.0.20250107",
     "types-requests==2.32.0.20241016",  # align with requests
     "types-urllib3==1.26.25.14",
-    "pyright==1.1.392.post0",
-    "pytest>=6.0",
-]
-test = [
-    "pytest>=8.0",
-    "defusedxml>=0.7.1", # for secure XML/HTML parsing
-    "cython>=3.0",
-    "setuptools>=70.0",  # for Cython compilation
-    "typing_extensions>=4.9",  # for typing_extensions.Unpack
 ]
 
-[[project.authors]]
-name = "Georg Brandl"
-email = "georg@python.org"
-
-[project.scripts]
-sphinx-build = "sphinx.cmd.build:main"
-sphinx-quickstart = "sphinx.cmd.quickstart:main"
-sphinx-apidoc = "sphinx.ext.apidoc:main"
-sphinx-autogen = "sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate:main"
-
 [tool.flit.module]
 name = "sphinx"
 
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 674013fdc08..23b239c7ffc 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ passenv =
     READTHEDOCS
 description =
     py{311,312,313,314}: Run unit tests against {envname}.
-extras =
+dependency_groups =
     test
 setenv =
     PYTHONWARNINGS = error
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ commands=
 [testenv:lint]
 description =
     Run linters.
-extras =
+dependency_groups =
     lint
+    types
 # If you update any of these commands, don't forget to update the equivalent
 # GitHub Workflow step
 commands =
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ commands =
 [testenv:docs]
 description =
     Build documentation.
-extras =
+dependency_groups =
     docs
 commands =
     python -c "import shutil; shutil.rmtree('./build/sphinx', ignore_errors=True) if '{env:CLEAN:}' else None"
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ commands =
 [testenv:docs-live]
 description =
     Build documentation.
-extras =
+dependency_groups =
     docs
 deps =
     sphinx-autobuild
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ commands =
 [testenv:ruff]
 description =
     Run ruff formatting and linting.
-extras =
+dependency_groups =
     lint
 commands =
     ruff format .
@@ -79,8 +80,7 @@ commands =
 [testenv:mypy]
 description =
     Run mypy type checking.
-extras =
-    lint
-    test
+dependency_groups =
+    types
 commands =
     mypy {posargs}