diff --git a/.github/workflows/testing_initiative.yml b/.github/workflows/testing_initiative.yml
index a5f20006..df08e2cd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/testing_initiative.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/testing_initiative.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-13, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]
         no-coverage: [0]
         include:
           - os: ubuntu-20.04
diff --git a/dev_requirements.txt b/dev_requirements.txt
index a5b94e85..404214be 100644
--- a/dev_requirements.txt
+++ b/dev_requirements.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 -r requirements.txt
 
-vcrpy==4.3.0
+vcrpy==4.4.0 # TODO: 5.0.0 drops support for Python 3.7
 PyYAML>=5.4
 mock==1.3.0
 coverage>=5.0
diff --git a/generate_enums_from_proto.py b/generate_enums_from_proto.py
index 375ee722..750c655f 100644
--- a/generate_enums_from_proto.py
+++ b/generate_enums_from_proto.py
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@
 
 for class_name, (attrs, attrs_starting_with_number) in sorted(classes.items(), key=lambda x: x[0].lower()):
         if attrs_starting_with_number:
-            print("\n{} = SteamIntEnum({!r}, {{".format(class_name, class_name))
+            print(f"\n{class_name} = SteamIntEnum({class_name!r}, {{")
             for ikey, ivalue in attrs.items():
-                print("    {!r}: {!r},".format(ikey, ivalue))
+                print(f"    {ikey!r}: {ivalue!r},")
             print("    })")
         else:
             print(f"\nclass {class_name}(SteamIntEnum):")
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 8a00aa95..b5ec7b6f 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 pycryptodomex>=3.7.0
 requests>=2.9.1
-urllib3<2
-vdf @ git+https://github.com/solsticegamestudios/vdf
+urllib3<2 # See https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/pull/699#issuecomment-1551439663
+vdf @ git+https://github.com/solsticegamestudios/vdf.git@v4.0
+cachetools>=3.0.0
+
 gevent>=1.3.0
 protobuf~=3.0
 gevent-eventemitter~=2.1
-cachetools>=3.0.0
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 766100cc..af3fdbaa 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 install_requires = [
     'pycryptodomex>=3.7.0',
     'requests>=2.9.1',
-    'urllib3<2',
-    'vdf>=3.3',
+    'urllib3<2', # See https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy/pull/699#issuecomment-1551439663
+    'vdf @ git+https://github.com/solsticegamestudios/vdf.git@v4.0',
     'cachetools>=3.0.0',
 ]
 
@@ -38,20 +38,19 @@
     author="Rossen Georgiev / Solstice Game Studios",
     author_email='py-steam@solsticegamestudios.com',
     license='MIT',
-    python_requires=">=3.6",
+    python_requires=">=3.7",
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
         'Natural Language :: English',
         'Intended Audience :: Developers',
         'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
         'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
+        #'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12', # TODO: Needs vcrpy>=6.0.0
         'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
     ],
     keywords='valve steam steamid api webapi steamcommunity',
diff --git a/steam/client/cdn.py b/steam/client/cdn.py
index 9c6bd9da..da2f4776 100644
--- a/steam/client/cdn.py
+++ b/steam/client/cdn.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def get_content_servers_from_cs(cell_id, host='cs.steamcontent.com', port=80, nu
     """
     proto = 'https' if port == 443 else 'http'
 
-    url = '{}://{}:{}/serverlist/{}/{}/'.format(proto, host, port, cell_id, num_servers)
+    url = f'{proto}://{host}:{port}/serverlist/{cell_id}/{num_servers}/'
     session = make_requests_session() if session is None else session
     resp = session.get(url)
 
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ def get_chunk(self, app_id, depot_id, chunk_id):
         :raises SteamError: error message
         """
         if (depot_id, chunk_id) not in self._chunk_cache:
-            resp = self.cdn_cmd('depot', '{}/chunk/{}'.format(depot_id, chunk_id))
+            resp = self.cdn_cmd('depot', f'{depot_id}/chunk/{chunk_id}')
 
             data = symmetric_decrypt(resp.content, self.get_depot_key(app_id, depot_id))
 
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ def get_manifest_request_code(self, app_id, depot_id, manifest_gid, branch='publ
         )
 
         if resp is None or resp.header.eresult != EResult.OK:
-                raise SteamError("Failed to get manifest code for {}, {}, {}".format(app_id, depot_id, manifest_gid),
+                raise SteamError(f"Failed to get manifest code for {app_id}, {depot_id}, {manifest_gid}",
                                  EResult.Timeout if resp is None else EResult(resp.header.eresult))
 
         return resp.body.manifest_request_code
@@ -684,9 +684,9 @@ def get_manifest(self, app_id, depot_id, manifest_gid, decrypt=True, manifest_re
         """
         if (app_id, depot_id, manifest_gid) not in self.manifests:
             if manifest_request_code:
-                resp = self.cdn_cmd('depot', '{}/manifest/{}/5/{}'.format(depot_id, manifest_gid, manifest_request_code))
+                resp = self.cdn_cmd('depot', f'{depot_id}/manifest/{manifest_gid}/5/{manifest_request_code}')
             else:
-                resp = self.cdn_cmd('depot', '{}/manifest/{}/5'.format(depot_id, manifest_gid))
+                resp = self.cdn_cmd('depot', f'{depot_id}/manifest/{manifest_gid}/5')
 
             if resp.ok:
                 manifest = self.DepotManifestClass(self, app_id, resp.content)
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ def get_manifests(self, app_id, branch='public', password=None, filter_func=None
         is_enc_branch = False
 
         if branch not in depots.get('branches', {}):
-            raise SteamError("No branch named {} for app_id {}".format(repr(branch), app_id))
+            raise SteamError(f"No branch named {repr(branch)} for app_id {app_id}")
         elif int(depots['branches'][branch].get('pwdrequired', 0)) > 0:
             is_enc_branch = True
 
diff --git a/steam/core/cm.py b/steam/core/cm.py
index 72e355da..7eb5b50b 100644
--- a/steam/core/cm.py
+++ b/steam/core/cm.py
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def send(self, message):
             message.sessionID = self.session_id
 
         if self.verbose_debug:
-            self._LOG.debug("Outgoing: {}\n{}".format(repr(message), str(message)))
+            self._LOG.debug(f"Outgoing: {repr(message)}\n{str(message)}")
         else:
             self._LOG.debug("Outgoing: %s", repr(message))
 
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ def _parse_message(self, message):
             msg.parse()
 
         if self.verbose_debug:
-            self._LOG.debug("Incoming: {}\n{}".format(repr(msg), str(msg)))
+            self._LOG.debug(f"Incoming: {repr(msg)}\n{str(msg)}")
         else:
             self._LOG.debug("Incoming: %s", repr(msg))
 
diff --git a/steam/core/msg/__init__.py b/steam/core/msg/__init__.py
index 3a9642ed..5f72623f 100644
--- a/steam/core/msg/__init__.py
+++ b/steam/core/msg/__init__.py
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         else:
             suffix = 'n/a'
 
-        return "<Msg({!r} | {})>".format(self.msg, suffix)
+        return f"<Msg({self.msg!r} | {suffix})>"
 
     def __str__(self):
         rows = [repr(self)]
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         else:
             suffix = 'n/a'
 
-        return "<MsgProto({!r} | {})>".format(self.msg, suffix)
+        return f"<MsgProto({self.msg!r} | {suffix})>"
 
     def __str__(self):
         rows = [repr(self)]
diff --git a/steam/exceptions.py b/steam/exceptions.py
index 90a494c8..fe06b9b6 100644
--- a/steam/exceptions.py
+++ b/steam/exceptions.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def __init__(self, message, eresult=EResult.Fail):
         self.eresult = EResult(eresult)  #: :class:`.EResult`
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "({}) {}".format(self.eresult, self.message)
+        return f"({self.eresult}) {self.message}"
 
 class ManifestError(SteamError):
     """
diff --git a/steam/game_servers.py b/steam/game_servers.py
index a141180d..8ca735cf 100644
--- a/steam/game_servers.py
+++ b/steam/game_servers.py
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ def query_master(filter_text=r'\nappid\500', max_servers=20, region=MSRegion.Wor
                 ms.close()
                 return
 
-        next_ip = f'{ip}:{port}'.encode('utf-8')
+        next_ip = f'{ip}:{port}'.encode()
 
     ms.close()
 
diff --git a/steam/guard.py b/steam/guard.py
index 15c9e5dc..3529637f 100644
--- a/steam/guard.py
+++ b/steam/guard.py
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ def generate_device_id(steamid):
     :rtype: str
     """
     h = hexlify(sha1_hash(str(steamid).encode('ascii'))).decode('ascii')
-    return "android:{}-{}-{}-{}-{}".format(h[:8], h[8:12], h[12:16], h[16:20], h[20:32])
+    return f"android:{h[:8]}-{h[8:12]}-{h[12:16]}-{h[16:20]}-{h[20:32]}"
 
 def extract_secrets_from_android_rooted(adb_path='adb'):
     """Extract Steam Authenticator secrets from a rooted Android device
diff --git a/steam/utils/proto.py b/steam/utils/proto.py
index 8b7e491e..6a1598c0 100644
--- a/steam/utils/proto.py
+++ b/steam/utils/proto.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def proto_fill_from_dict(message, data, clear=True):
         if desc.type == desc.TYPE_MESSAGE:
             if desc.label == desc.LABEL_REPEATED:
                 if not isinstance(val, _list_types):
-                    raise TypeError("Expected {} to be of type list, got {}".format(repr(key), type(val)))
+                    raise TypeError(f"Expected {repr(key)} to be of type list, got {type(val)}")
 
                 list_ref = getattr(message, key)
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def proto_fill_from_dict(message, data, clear=True):
                     proto_fill_from_dict(item_message, item)
             else:
                 if not isinstance(val, dict):
-                    raise TypeError("Expected {} to be of type dict, got {}".format(repr(key), type(dict)))
+                    raise TypeError(f"Expected {repr(key)} to be of type dict, got {type(dict)}")
 
                 proto_fill_from_dict(getattr(message, key), val)
         else: