faustvst.cpp

/************************************************************************
 ************************************************************************
 FAUST Architecture File
 Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Albert Graef <aggraef@gmail.com>
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
 published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the
 License, or (at your option) any later version.
 
 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 
 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
 Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
 02111-1307 USA.
 ************************************************************************
 ************************************************************************/

/* VST architecture for Faust synths. */

/* NOTE: This requires one of the Boost headers (boost/circular_buffer.hpp),
 so to compile Faust programs created with this architecture you need to
 have at least the Boost headers installed somewhere on your include path
 (the Boost libraries aren't needed). */

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cmath>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>

// generic Faust dsp and UI classes
#include <faust/dsp/dsp.h>
#include <faust/gui/UI.h>

using namespace std;

typedef pair<const char*,const char*> strpair;

struct Meta : std::map<const char*, const char*>
{
    void declare(const char *key, const char *value)
    {
        (*this)[key] = value;
    }
    const char* get(const char *key, const char *def)
    {
        if (this->find(key) != this->end())
            return (*this)[key];
        else
            return def;
    }
};

/******************************************************************************
 *******************************************************************************
 
 VECTOR INTRINSICS
 
 *******************************************************************************
 *******************************************************************************/

<<includeIntrinsic>>

/***************************************************************************
 VST UI interface
 ***************************************************************************/

#include <string.h>

enum ui_elem_type_t {
    UI_BUTTON, UI_CHECK_BUTTON,
    UI_V_SLIDER, UI_H_SLIDER, UI_NUM_ENTRY,
    UI_V_BARGRAPH, UI_H_BARGRAPH,
    UI_END_GROUP, UI_V_GROUP, UI_H_GROUP, UI_T_GROUP
};

struct ui_elem_t {
    ui_elem_type_t type;
    const char *label;
    int port;
    float *zone;
    void *ref;
    float init, min, max, step;
};

class VSTUI : public UI
{
public:
    bool is_instr;
    int nelems, nports;
    ui_elem_t *elems;
    map< int, list<strpair> > metadata;
    
    VSTUI(int maxvoices = 0);
    virtual ~VSTUI();
    
protected:
    void add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label = NULL);
    void add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label, float *zone);
    void add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label, float *zone,
                  float init, float min, float max, float step);
    void add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label, float *zone,
                  float min, float max);
    
    bool have_freq, have_gain, have_gate;
    bool is_voice_ctrl(const char *label);
    
public:
    virtual void addButton(const char* label, float* zone);
    virtual void addCheckButton(const char* label, float* zone);
    virtual void addVerticalSlider(const char* label, float* zone, float init, float min, float max, float step);
    virtual void addHorizontalSlider(const char* label, float* zone, float init, float min, float max, float step);
    virtual void addNumEntry(const char* label, float* zone, float init, float min, float max, float step);
    
    virtual void addHorizontalBargraph(const char* label, float* zone, float min, float max);
    virtual void addVerticalBargraph(const char* label, float* zone, float min, float max);
    virtual void addSoundfile(const char* label, const char* filename, Soundfile** sf_zone) {}
    
    virtual void openTabBox(const char* label);
    virtual void openHorizontalBox(const char* label);
    virtual void openVerticalBox(const char* label);
    virtual void closeBox();
    
    virtual void run();
    
    virtual void declare(float* zone, const char* key, const char* value);
};

VSTUI::VSTUI(int maxvoices)
{
    is_instr = maxvoices>0;
    have_freq = have_gain = have_gate = false;
    nelems = nports = 0;
    elems = NULL;
}

VSTUI::~VSTUI()
{
    if (elems) free(elems);
}

void VSTUI::declare(float* zone, const char* key, const char* value)
{
    map< int, list<strpair> >::iterator it = metadata.find(nelems);
    if (it != metadata.end())
        it->second.push_back(strpair(key, value));
    else
        metadata[nelems] = list<strpair>(1, strpair(key, value));
}

inline void VSTUI::add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label)
{
    ui_elem_t *elems1 = (ui_elem_t*)realloc(elems, (nelems+1)*sizeof(ui_elem_t));
    if (elems1)
        elems = elems1;
    else
        return;
    elems[nelems].type = type;
    elems[nelems].label = label;
    elems[nelems].port = -1;
    elems[nelems].zone = NULL;
    elems[nelems].ref = NULL;
    elems[nelems].init = 0.0;
    elems[nelems].min = 0.0;
    elems[nelems].max = 0.0;
    elems[nelems].step = 0.0;
    nelems++;
}

#define portno(label) (is_voice_ctrl(label)?-1:nports++)

inline void VSTUI::add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label, float *zone)
{
    ui_elem_t *elems1 = (ui_elem_t*)realloc(elems, (nelems+1)*sizeof(ui_elem_t));
    if (elems1)
        elems = elems1;
    else
        return;
    elems[nelems].type = type;
    elems[nelems].label = label;
    elems[nelems].port = portno(label);
    elems[nelems].zone = zone;
    elems[nelems].ref = NULL;
    elems[nelems].init = 0.0;
    elems[nelems].min = 0.0;
    elems[nelems].max = 1.0;
    elems[nelems].step = 1.0;
    nelems++;
}

inline void VSTUI::add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label, float *zone, float init, float min, float max, float step)
{
    ui_elem_t *elems1 = (ui_elem_t*)realloc(elems, (nelems+1)*sizeof(ui_elem_t));
    if (elems1)
        elems = elems1;
    else
        return;
    elems[nelems].type = type;
    elems[nelems].label = label;
    elems[nelems].port = portno(label);
    elems[nelems].zone = zone;
    elems[nelems].ref = NULL;
    elems[nelems].init = init;
    elems[nelems].min = min;
    elems[nelems].max = max;
    elems[nelems].step = step;
    nelems++;
}

inline void VSTUI::add_elem(ui_elem_type_t type, const char *label, float *zone, float min, float max)
{
    ui_elem_t *elems1 = (ui_elem_t*)realloc(elems, (nelems+1)*sizeof(ui_elem_t));
    if (elems1)
        elems = elems1;
    else
        return;
    elems[nelems].type = type;
    elems[nelems].label = label;
    elems[nelems].port = portno(label);
    elems[nelems].zone = zone;
    elems[nelems].ref = NULL;
    elems[nelems].init = 0.0;
    elems[nelems].min = min;
    elems[nelems].max = max;
    elems[nelems].step = 0.0;
    nelems++;
}

inline bool VSTUI::is_voice_ctrl(const char *label)
{
    if (!is_instr)
        return false;
    else if (!have_freq && !strcmp(label, "freq"))
        return (have_freq = true);
    else if (!have_gain && !strcmp(label, "gain"))
        return (have_gain = true);
    else if (!have_gate && !strcmp(label, "gate"))
        return (have_gate = true);
    else
        return false;
}

void VSTUI::addButton(const char* label, float* zone)
{ add_elem(UI_BUTTON, label, zone); }
void VSTUI::addCheckButton(const char* label, float* zone)
{ add_elem(UI_CHECK_BUTTON, label, zone); }
void VSTUI::addVerticalSlider(const char* label, float* zone, float init, float min, float max, float step)
{ add_elem(UI_V_SLIDER, label, zone, init, min, max, step); }
void VSTUI::addHorizontalSlider(const char* label, float* zone, float init, float min, float max, float step)
{ add_elem(UI_H_SLIDER, label, zone, init, min, max, step); }
void VSTUI::addNumEntry(const char* label, float* zone, float init, float min, float max, float step)
{ add_elem(UI_NUM_ENTRY, label, zone, init, min, max, step); }

void VSTUI::addHorizontalBargraph(const char* label, float* zone, float min, float max)
{ add_elem(UI_H_BARGRAPH, label, zone, min, max); }
void VSTUI::addVerticalBargraph(const char* label, float* zone, float min, float max)
{ add_elem(UI_V_BARGRAPH, label, zone, min, max); }

void VSTUI::openTabBox(const char* label)
{ add_elem(UI_T_GROUP, label); }
void VSTUI::openHorizontalBox(const char* label)
{ add_elem(UI_H_GROUP, label); }
void VSTUI::openVerticalBox(const char* label)
{ add_elem(UI_V_GROUP, label); }
void VSTUI::closeBox()
{ add_elem(UI_END_GROUP); }

void VSTUI::run() {}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  FAUST generated signal processor
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------

<<includeclass>>

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  VST interface
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#line 286 "faustvst.cpp"

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <boost/circular_buffer.hpp>

// Some boilerplate code pilfered from the mda Linux vst source code.
#include "pluginterfaces/vst2.x/aeffectx.h"
extern "C" {
#define VST_EXPORT   __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))
    extern VST_EXPORT AEffect * VSTPluginMain(audioMasterCallback audioMaster);
    // This is for legacy (<2.4) VST hosts which look for the 'main' entry point.
    AEffect *main_plugin (audioMasterCallback audioMaster) asm ("main");
#define main main_plugin
    VST_EXPORT AEffect * main(audioMasterCallback audioMaster)
    {
        return VSTPluginMain(audioMaster);
    }
}

/* Setting NVOICES at compile time overrides meta data in the Faust source. If
 set, this must be an integer value >= 0. A nonzero value indicates an
 instrument (VSTi) plugin with the given maximum number of voices. Use 1 for
 a monophonic synthesizer, and 0 for a simple effect plugin. If NVOICES
 isn't defined at compile time then the number of voices of an instrument
 plugin can also be set with the global "nvoices" meta data key in the Faust
 source. This setting also adds a special "polyphony" control to the plugin
 which can be used to dynamically adjust the actual number of voices in the
 range 1..NVOICES. */
//#define NVOICES 16

/* This enables special polyphony/tuning controls on the GUI (VSTi only). */
#ifndef VOICE_CTRLS
#define VOICE_CTRLS 1
#endif

/* This enables a special "tuning" control in a VSTi plugin which lets you
 select the MTS tuning to be used for the synth. In order to use this, you
 just drop some sysex (.syx) files with MTS octave-based tunings in 1- or
 2-byte format into the ~/.fautvst/tuning directory (these can be generated
 with the author's sclsyx program, https://bitbucket.org/agraef/sclsyx).
 The control will only be shown if any .syx files were found at startup. 0
 selects the default tuning (standard 12-tone equal temperament), i>0 the
 tuning in the ith sysex file (in alphabetic order). */
#ifndef FAUST_MTS
#define FAUST_MTS 1
#endif

/* This allows various manifest data to be generated from the corresponding
 metadata (author, name, description, license) in the Faust source. */
#ifndef FAUST_META
#define FAUST_META 1
#endif

/* This enables automatic MIDI controller mapping based on the midi:ctrl
 attributes in the Faust source. We have this enabled by default, but you
 may have to disable it if the custom controller mapping gets in the way of
 the automation facilities that the host provides. (But then again if the
 host wants to do its own controller mapping then it probably won't, or at
 least shouldn't, send us the MIDI controllers in the first place.) */
#ifndef FAUST_MIDICC
#define FAUST_MIDICC 1
#endif

/* This enables or disables the plugin's custom Qt GUI (see the Qt-specific
 part at the end of this module). This is disabled by default, but enabled
 with gui=1 in the Makefile or the -gui option of the faust2vst script. */
#ifndef FAUST_UI
#define FAUST_UI 0
#endif

// You can define these for various debugging output items.
//#define DEBUG_META 1 // recognized MIDI controller metadata
//#define DEBUG_VOICES 1 // triggering of synth voices
//#define DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC 1 // voice allocation
//#define DEBUG_MIDI 1 // incoming MIDI messages
//#define DEBUG_NOTES 1 // note messages
//#define DEBUG_MIDICC 1 // controller messages
//#define DEBUG_RPN 1 // RPN messages (pitch bend range, master tuning)
//#define DEBUG_MTS 1 // MTS messages (octave/scale tuning)

// Note and voice data structures.

struct NoteInfo {
    uint8_t ch;
    int8_t note;
};

struct VoiceData {
    // Octave tunings (offsets in semitones) per MIDI channel.
    float tuning[16][12];
    // Allocated voices per MIDI channel and note.
    int8_t notes[16][128];
    // Free and used voices.
    int n_free, n_used;
    boost::circular_buffer<int> free_voices;
    boost::circular_buffer<int> used_voices;
    NoteInfo *note_info;
    // Voices queued for note-offs (zero-length notes).
    set<int> queued;
    // Last gate value during run() for each voice. We need to keep track of
    // these so that we can force the Faust synth to retrigger a note when
    // needed.
    float *lastgate;
    // Current pitch bend and pitch bend range on each MIDI channel, in semitones.
    float bend[16], range[16];
    // Current coarse, fine and total master tuning on each MIDI channel (tuning
    // offset relative to A4 = 440 Hz, in semitones).
    float coarse[16], fine[16], tune[16];
    VoiceData(int n) : free_voices(n), used_voices(n) { }
};

#if FAUST_MTS

// Helper classes to read and store MTS tunings.

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>

#include <string>
#include <vector>

struct MTSTuning {
    char *name; // name of the tuning
    int len; // length of sysex data in bytes
    unsigned char *data; // sysex data
    MTSTuning() : name(0), len(0), data(0) {}
    MTSTuning& operator=(const MTSTuning &t)
    {
        if (this == &t) return *this;
        if (name) free(name); if (data) free(data);
        name = 0; data = 0; len = t.len;
        if (t.name) {
            name = strdup(t.name); assert(name);
        }
        if (t.data) {
            data = (unsigned char*)malloc(len); assert(data);
            memcpy(data, t.data, len);
        }
        return *this;
    }
    MTSTuning(const MTSTuning& t) : name(0), len(0), data(0)
    { *this = t; }
    MTSTuning(const char *filename);
    ~MTSTuning()
    { if (name) free(name); if (data) free(data); }
};

MTSTuning::MTSTuning(const char *filename)
{
    FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
    name = 0; len = 0; data = 0;
    if (!fp) return;
    struct stat st;
    if (fstat(fileno(fp), &st)) return;
    len = st.st_size;
    data = (unsigned char*)calloc(len, 1);
    if (!data) {
        len = 0; fclose(fp);
        return;
    }
    assert(len > 0);
    if (fread(data, 1, len, fp) < len) {
        free(data); len = 0; data = 0; fclose(fp);
        return;
    }
    fclose(fp);
    // Do some basic sanity checks.
    if (data[0] != 0xf0 || data[len-1] != 0xf7 || // not a sysex message
        (data[1] != 0x7e && data[1] != 0x7f) || data[3] != 8 || // not MTS
        !((len == 21 && data[4] == 8) ||
          (len == 33 && data[4] == 9))) { // no 1- or 2-byte tuning
            free(data); len = 0; data = 0;
            return;
        }
    // Name of the tuning is the basename of the file, without the trailing .syx
    // suffix.
    string nm = filename;
    size_t p = nm.rfind(".syx");
    if (p != string::npos) nm.erase(p);
    p = nm.rfind('/');
    if (p != string::npos) nm.erase(0, p+1);
    name = strdup(nm.c_str());
    assert(name);
}

struct MTSTunings {
    vector<MTSTuning> tuning;
    MTSTunings() {}
    MTSTunings(const char *path);
};

static bool compareByName(const MTSTuning &a, const MTSTuning &b)
{
    return strcmp(a.name, b.name) < 0;
}

MTSTunings::MTSTunings(const char *path)
{
    DIR *dp = opendir(path);
    if (!dp) return;
    struct dirent *d;
    while ((d = readdir(dp))) {
        string nm = d->d_name;
        if (nm.length() > 4 && nm.substr(nm.length()-4) == ".syx") {
            string pathname = path;
            pathname += "/";
            pathname += nm;
            MTSTuning t(pathname.c_str());
            if (t.data) tuning.push_back(t);
        }
    }
    closedir(dp);
    // sort found tunings by name
    sort(tuning.begin(), tuning.end(), compareByName);
}

#endif

#if FAUST_MIDICC
static float ctrlval(const ui_elem_t &el, uint8_t v)
{
    // Translate the given MIDI controller value to the range and stepsize
    // indicated by the Faust control.
    switch (el.type) {
        case UI_BUTTON: case UI_CHECK_BUTTON:
            return (float)(v>=64);
        default:
            /* Continuous controllers. The problem here is that the range 0..127 is
             not symmetric. We'd like to map 64 to the center of the range
             (max-min)/2 and at the same time retain the full control range
             min..max. So let's just pretend that there are 128 controller values
             and map value 127 to the max value anyway. */
            if (v==127)
                return el.max;
            else
                // XXXFIXME: We might want to add proper quantization according to
                // el.step here.
                return el.min+(el.max-el.min)*v/128;
    }
}
#endif

/***************************************************************************/

/* Polyphonic Faust plugin data structure. XXXTODO: At present this is just a
 big struct which exposes all requisite data. Some more work is needed to
 make the interface a bit more abstract and properly encapsulate the
 internal data structures, so that implementation details can be changed
 more easily. */

struct VSTPlugin {
    const int maxvoices;	// maximum number of voices (zero if not an instrument)
    const int ndsps;	// number of dsp instances (1 if maxvoices==0)
    int nvoices;		// current number of voices (<= maxvoices)
    bool active;		// activation status
    bool modified;	// keep track of modified controls
    int rate;		// sampling rate
    mydsp **dsp;		// the dsps
    VSTUI **ui;		// their Faust interface descriptions
    int n_in, n_out;	// number of input and output control ports
    int poly, tuning;	// polyphony and tuning ports
    int *ctrls;		// Faust ui elements (indices into ui->elems)
    float *ports;		// port data (plugin-side control values)
    float *portvals;	// cached port data from the last run
    float *midivals[16];	// per-channel midi data
    int *inctrls, *outctrls;	// indices for active and passive controls
    int freq, gain, gate;	// indices of voice controls
    const char **units;	// unit names (control meta data)
    unsigned n_samples;	// current block size
    float **outbuf;	// audio buffers for mixing down the voices
    float **inbuf;	// dummy input buffer used for retriggering notes
    std::map<uint8_t,int> ctrlmap; // MIDI controller map (control meta data)
    // Current RPN MSB and LSB numbers, as set with controllers 101 and 100.
    uint8_t rpn_msb[16], rpn_lsb[16];
    // Current data entry MSB and LSB numbers, as set with controllers 6 and 38.
    uint8_t data_msb[16], data_lsb[16];
    // Synth voice data (instruments only).
    VoiceData *vd;
    
    // Static methods. These all use static data so they can be invoked before
    // instantiating a plugin.
    
    // Global meta data (dsp name, author, etc.).
    static Meta *meta;
    static void init_meta()
    {
        if (!meta && (meta = new Meta)) {
            // We allocate the temporary dsp object on the heap here, to prevent
            // large dsp objects from running out of stack in environments where
            // stack space is precious (e.g., Reaper). Note that if any of these
            // allocations fail then no meta data will be available, but at least we
            // won't make the host crash and burn.
            mydsp* tmp_dsp = new mydsp();
            if (tmp_dsp) {
                tmp_dsp->metadata(meta);
                delete tmp_dsp;
            }
        }
    }
    static const char *meta_get(const char *key, const char *deflt)
    {
        init_meta();
        return meta?meta->get(key, deflt):deflt;
    }
    
    static const char *pluginName()
    {
        return meta_get("name", "mydsp");
    }
    
    static const char *pluginAuthor()
    {
        return meta_get("author", "");
    }
    
    static const char *pluginDescription()
    {
        return meta_get("description", "");
    }
    
    static const char *pluginVersion()
    {
        return meta_get("version", "0.0");
    }
    
    // Load a collection of sysex files with MTS tunings in ~/.faust/tuning.
    static int n_tunings;
#if FAUST_MTS
    static MTSTunings *mts;
    
    static MTSTunings *load_sysex_data()
    {
        if (!mts) {
            string mts_path;
            // Look for FAUST_HOME. If that isn't set, try $HOME/.faust. If HOME
            // isn't set either, just assume a .faust subdir of the cwd.
            const char *home = getenv("FAUST_HOME");
            if (home)
                mts_path = home;
            else {
                home = getenv("HOME");
                if (home) {
                    mts_path = home;
                    mts_path += "/.faust";
                } else
                    mts_path = ".faust";
            }
            // MTS tunings are looked for in this subdir.
            mts_path += "/tuning";
            mts = new MTSTunings(mts_path.c_str());
#ifdef __APPLE__
            if (!mts || mts->tuning.size() == 0) {
                // Also check ~/Library/Faust/Tuning on the Mac.
                home = getenv("HOME");
                if (home) {
                    if (mts) delete mts;
                    mts_path = home;
                    mts_path += "/Library/Faust/Tuning";
                    mts = new MTSTunings(mts_path.c_str());
                }
            }
#endif
            n_tunings = mts->tuning.size();
        }
        return mts;
    }
#endif
    
    // The number of voices of an instrument plugin. We get this information
    // from the global meta data (nvoices key) of the dsp module if present, and
    // you can also override this setting at compile time by defining the
    // NVOICES macro. If neither is defined or the value is zero then the plugin
    // becomes a simple audio effect instead.
    static int numVoices()
    {
#ifdef NVOICES
        return NVOICES;
#else
        const char *numVoices = meta_get("nvoices", "0");
        int nvoices = atoi(numVoices);
        if (nvoices < 0) nvoices = 0;
        return nvoices;
#endif
    }
    
    // The number of controls of the dsp. Some plugin interfaces need that
    // information beforehand, so we create a dummy instance of the UI data to
    // retrieve it. For instrument plugins, we also reserve extra ports for the
    // polyphony and tuning controls, if applicable.
    static int numControls()
    {
        const int num_voices = numVoices();
        // Allocate temporary dsp object on the heap (see comments under init_meta
        // for explanation).
        mydsp *dsp = new mydsp();
        if (!dsp) return 0;
        VSTUI ui(num_voices);
        dsp->buildUserInterface(&ui);
        delete dsp;
        // reserve one extra port for the polyphony control (instruments only)
        int num_extra = (num_voices>0);
#if FAUST_MTS
        // likewise for the tuning control
        if (num_voices>0 && load_sysex_data())
            num_extra += (mts->tuning.size()>0);
#endif
        return ui.nports+num_extra;
    }
    
    // Instance methods.
    
    VSTPlugin(const int num_voices, const int sr)
    : maxvoices(num_voices), ndsps(num_voices<=0?1:num_voices),
    vd(num_voices>0?new VoiceData(num_voices):0)
    {
        // Initialize static data.
        init_meta();
#if FAUST_MTS
        // Synth: load tuning sysex data if present.
        if (num_voices>0) load_sysex_data();
#endif
        // Allocate data structures and set some reasonable defaults.
        dsp = (mydsp**)calloc(ndsps, sizeof(mydsp*));
        ui = (VSTUI**)calloc(ndsps, sizeof(VSTUI*));
        assert(dsp && ui);
        if (vd) {
            vd->note_info = (NoteInfo*)calloc(ndsps, sizeof(NoteInfo));
            vd->lastgate = (float*)calloc(ndsps, sizeof(float));
            assert(vd->note_info && vd->lastgate);
        }
        active = modified = false;
        rate = sr;
        nvoices = maxvoices;
        n_in = n_out = 0;
        poly = maxvoices/2;
        tuning = 0;
        freq = gain = gate = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
            rpn_msb[i] = rpn_lsb[i] = 0x7f;
            data_msb[i] = data_lsb[i] = 0;
        }
        if (vd) {
            vd->n_free = maxvoices;
            for (int i = 0; i < maxvoices; i++) {
                vd->free_voices.push_back(i);
                vd->lastgate[i] = 0.0f;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                vd->bend[i] = 0.0f;
                vd->range[i] = 2.0f;
                vd->coarse[i] = vd->fine[i] = vd->tune[i] = 0.0f;
                for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++)
                    vd->tuning[i][j] = 0.0f;
            }
            vd->n_used = 0;
            memset(vd->notes, 0xff, sizeof(vd->notes));
        }
        n_samples = 0;
        ctrls = inctrls = outctrls = NULL;
        inbuf = outbuf = NULL;
        ports = portvals = NULL;
        units = NULL;
        memset(midivals, 0, sizeof(midivals));
        // Initialize the Faust DSPs.
        for (int i = 0; i < ndsps; i++) {
            dsp[i] = new mydsp();
            ui[i] = new VSTUI(num_voices);
            dsp[i]->init(rate);
            dsp[i]->buildUserInterface(ui[i]);
        }
        // The ports are numbered as follows: 0..k-1 are the control ports, then
        // come the n audio input ports, then the m audio output ports, and
        // finally the midi input port and the polyphony and tuning controls. This
        // mimics the port layout of faust-lv2, but should work fine with other
        // kinds of plugin architectures as well.
        int k = ui[0]->nports, p = 0, q = 0;
        int n = dsp[0]->getNumInputs(), m = dsp[0]->getNumOutputs();
        // Allocate tables for the built-in control elements and their ports.
        ctrls = (int*)calloc(k, sizeof(int));
        inctrls = (int*)calloc(k, sizeof(int));
        outctrls = (int*)calloc(k, sizeof(int));
        ports = (float*)calloc(k, sizeof(float));
        portvals = (float*)calloc(k, sizeof(float));
        units = (const char**)calloc(k, sizeof(const char*));
        assert(k == 0 || (ctrls && inctrls && outctrls &&
                          ports && portvals && units));
        for (int ch = 0; ch < 16; ch++) {
            midivals[ch] = (float*)calloc(k, sizeof(float));
            assert(k == 0 || midivals[ch]);
        }
        // Scan the Faust UI for active and passive controls which become the
        // input and output control ports of the plugin, respectively.
        for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < ui[0]->nelems; i++) {
            const char *unit = NULL;
            switch (ui[0]->elems[i].type) {
                case UI_T_GROUP: case UI_H_GROUP: case UI_V_GROUP: case UI_END_GROUP:
                    // control groups (ignored right now)
                    break;
                case UI_H_BARGRAPH: case UI_V_BARGRAPH:
                    // passive controls (output ports)
                    ctrls[j++] = i;
                    outctrls[q++] = i;
                {
                    std::map< int, list<strpair> >::iterator it =
                    ui[0]->metadata.find(i);
                    if (it != ui[0]->metadata.end()) {
                        for (std::list<strpair>::iterator jt = it->second.begin();
                             jt != it->second.end(); jt++) {
                            const char *key = jt->first, *val = jt->second;
#if DEBUG_META
                            fprintf(stderr, "ctrl '%s' meta: '%s' -> '%s'\n",
                                    ui[0]->elems[i].label, key, val);
#endif
                            if (strcmp(key, "unit") == 0)
                                unit = val;
                        }
                    }
                    int p = ui[0]->elems[i].port;
                    units[p] = unit;
                }
                    break;
                default:
                    // active controls (input ports)
                    if (maxvoices == 0)
                        goto noinstr;
                    else if (freq == -1 &&
                             !strcmp(ui[0]->elems[i].label, "freq"))
                        freq = i;
                    else if (gain == -1 &&
                             !strcmp(ui[0]->elems[i].label, "gain"))
                        gain = i;
                    else if (gate == -1 &&
                             !strcmp(ui[0]->elems[i].label, "gate"))
                        gate = i;
                    else {
                    noinstr:
                        std::map< int, list<strpair> >::iterator it =
                        ui[0]->metadata.find(i);
                        if (it != ui[0]->metadata.end()) {
                            // Scan for controller mappings and other control meta data.
                            for (std::list<strpair>::iterator jt = it->second.begin();
                                 jt != it->second.end(); jt++) {
                                const char *key = jt->first, *val = jt->second;
#if DEBUG_META
                                fprintf(stderr, "ctrl '%s' meta: '%s' -> '%s'\n",
                                        ui[0]->elems[i].label, key, val);
#endif
                                if (strcmp(key, "unit") == 0) {
                                    unit = val;
#if FAUST_MIDICC
                                } else if (strcmp(key, "midi") == 0) {
                                    unsigned num;
                                    if (sscanf(val, "ctrl %u", &num) < 1) continue;
#if 0 // enable this to get feedback about controller assignments
                                    const char *dsp_name = pluginName();
                                    fprintf(stderr, "%s: cc %d -> %s\n", dsp_name, num,
                                            ui[0]->elems[i].label);
#endif
                                    ctrlmap.insert(std::pair<uint8_t,int>(num, p));
#endif
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        ctrls[j++] = i;
                        inctrls[p++] = i;
                        int p = ui[0]->elems[i].port;
                        float val = ui[0]->elems[i].init;
                        assert(p>=0);
                        portvals[p] = ports[p] = val;
                        units[p] = unit;
                        for (int ch = 0; ch < 16; ch++)
                            midivals[ch][p] = val;
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
        // Realloc the inctrls and outctrls vectors to their appropriate sizes.
        inctrls = (int*)realloc(inctrls, p*sizeof(int));
        assert(p == 0 || inctrls);
        outctrls = (int*)realloc(outctrls, q*sizeof(int));
        assert(q == 0 || outctrls);
        n_in = p; n_out = q;
        if (maxvoices > 0) {
            // Initialize the mixdown buffer.
            outbuf = (float**)calloc(m, sizeof(float*));
            assert(m == 0 || outbuf);
            // We start out with a blocksize of 512 samples here. Hopefully this is
            // enough for most realtime hosts so that we can avoid reallocations
            // later when we know what the actual blocksize is.
            n_samples = 512;
            for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                outbuf[i] = (float*)malloc(n_samples*sizeof(float));
                assert(outbuf[i]);
            }
            // Initialize a 1-sample dummy input buffer used for retriggering notes.
            inbuf = (float**)calloc(n, sizeof(float*));
            assert(n == 0 || inbuf);
            for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                inbuf[i] = (float*)malloc(sizeof(float));
                assert(inbuf[i]);
                *inbuf[i] = 0.0f;
            }
        }
    }
    
    ~VSTPlugin()
    {
        const int n = dsp[0]->getNumInputs();
        const int m = dsp[0]->getNumOutputs();
        for (int i = 0; i < ndsps; i++) {
            delete dsp[i];
            delete ui[i];
        }
        free(ctrls);
        free(inctrls);
        free(outctrls);
        free(ports);
        free(portvals);
        free(units);
        for (int ch = 0; ch < 16; ch++)
            free(midivals[ch]);
        if (inbuf) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                free(inbuf[i]);
            free(inbuf);
        }
        if (outbuf) {
            for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
                free(outbuf[i]);
            free(outbuf);
        }
        free(dsp);
        free(ui);
        if (vd) {
            free(vd->note_info);
            free(vd->lastgate);
            delete vd;
        }
    }
    
    // Voice allocation.
    
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
    void print_voices(const char *msg)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: notes =", msg);
        for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 16; ch++)
            for (int note = 0; note < 128; note++)
                if (vd->notes[ch][note] >= 0)
                    fprintf(stderr, " [%d] %d(#%d)", ch, note, vd->notes[ch][note]);
        fprintf(stderr, "\nqueued (%d):", vd->queued.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < nvoices; i++)
            if (vd->queued.find(i) != vd->queued.end()) fprintf(stderr, " #%d", i);
        fprintf(stderr, "\nused (%d):", vd->n_used);
        for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it = vd->used_voices.begin();
             it != vd->used_voices.end(); it++)
            fprintf(stderr, " #%d->%d", *it, vd->note_info[*it].note);
        fprintf(stderr, "\nfree (%d):", vd->n_free);
        for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it = vd->free_voices.begin();
             it != vd->free_voices.end(); it++)
            fprintf(stderr, " #%d", *it);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }
#endif
    
    int alloc_voice(uint8_t ch, int8_t note, int8_t vel)
    {
        int i = vd->notes[ch][note];
        if (i >= 0) {
            // note already playing on same channel, retrigger it
            voice_off(i);
            voice_on(i, note, vel, ch);
            // move this voice to the end of the used list
            for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it =
                 vd->used_voices.begin();
                 it != vd->used_voices.end(); it++) {
                if (*it == i) {
                    vd->used_voices.erase(it);
                    vd->used_voices.push_back(i);
                    break;
                }
            }
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
            print_voices("retrigger");
#endif
            return i;
        } else if (vd->n_free > 0) {
            // take voice from free list
            int i = vd->free_voices.front();
            vd->free_voices.pop_front();
            vd->n_free--;
            vd->used_voices.push_back(i);
            vd->note_info[i].ch = ch;
            vd->note_info[i].note = note;
            vd->n_used++;
            voice_on(i, note, vel, ch);
            vd->notes[ch][note] = i;
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
            print_voices("alloc");
#endif
            return i;
        } else {
            // steal a voice
            assert(vd->n_used > 0);
            // FIXME: Maybe we should look for the oldest note on the *current*
            // channel here, but this is faster.
            int i = vd->used_voices.front();
            int oldch = vd->note_info[i].ch;
            int oldnote = vd->note_info[i].note;
            voice_off(i);
            vd->notes[oldch][oldnote] = -1;
            vd->queued.erase(i);
            vd->used_voices.pop_front();
            vd->used_voices.push_back(i);
            vd->note_info[i].ch = ch;
            vd->note_info[i].note = note;
            voice_on(i, note, vel, ch);
            vd->notes[ch][note] = i;
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
            print_voices("steal");
#endif
            return i;
        }
    }
    
    int dealloc_voice(uint8_t ch, int8_t note, int8_t vel)
    {
        int i = vd->notes[ch][note];
        if (i >= 0) {
            if (vd->lastgate[i] == 0.0f && gate >= 0) {
                // zero-length note, queued for later
                vd->queued.insert(i);
                vd->notes[ch][note] = -1;
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
                print_voices("dealloc (queued)");
#endif
                return i;
            }
            assert(vd->n_free < nvoices);
            vd->free_voices.push_back(i);
            vd->n_free++;
            voice_off(i);
            vd->notes[ch][note] = -1;
            // erase this voice from the used list
            for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it =
                 vd->used_voices.begin();
                 it != vd->used_voices.end(); it++) {
                if (*it == i) {
                    vd->used_voices.erase(it);
                    vd->n_used--;
                    break;
                }
            }
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
            print_voices("dealloc");
#endif
            return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }
    
    
    float midicps(int8_t note, uint8_t chan)
    {
        float pitch = note + vd->tune[chan] +
        vd->tuning[chan][note%12] + vd->bend[chan];
        return 440.0*pow(2, (pitch-69.0)/12.0);
    }
    
    void voice_on(int i, int8_t note, int8_t vel, uint8_t ch)
    {
        if (vd->lastgate[i] == 1.0f && gate >= 0) {
            // Make sure that the synth sees the 0.0f gate so that the voice is
            // properly retriggered.
            *ui[i]->elems[gate].zone = 0.0f;
            dsp[i]->compute(1, inbuf, outbuf);
        }
#if DEBUG_VOICES
        fprintf(stderr, "voice on: %d %d (%g Hz) %d (%g)\n", i,
                note, midicps(note, ch), vel, vel/127.0);
#endif
        if (freq >= 0)
            *ui[i]->elems[freq].zone = midicps(note, ch);
        if (gate >= 0)
            *ui[i]->elems[gate].zone = 1.0f;
        if (gain >= 0)
            *ui[i]->elems[gain].zone = vel/127.0;
        // reinitialize the per-channel control data for this voice
        for (int idx = 0; idx < n_in; idx++) {
            int j = inctrls[idx], k = ui[0]->elems[j].port;
            *ui[i]->elems[j].zone = midivals[ch][k];
        }
    }
    
    void voice_off(int i)
    {
#if DEBUG_VOICES
        fprintf(stderr, "voice off: %d\n", i);
#endif
        if (gate >= 0)
            *ui[i]->elems[gate].zone = 0.0f;
    }
    
    void update_voices(uint8_t chan)
    {
        // update running voices on the given channel after tuning or pitch bend
        // changes
        for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it =
             vd->used_voices.begin();
             it != vd->used_voices.end(); it++) {
            int i = *it;
            if (vd->note_info[i].ch == chan && freq >= 0) {
                int note = vd->note_info[i].note;
                *ui[i]->elems[freq].zone = midicps(note, chan);
            }
        }
    }
    
    void all_notes_off()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < nvoices; i++)
            voice_off(i);
        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
            vd->bend[i] = 0.0f;
        memset(vd->notes, 0xff, sizeof(vd->notes));
        vd->free_voices.clear();
        vd->n_free = nvoices;
        for (int i = 0; i < nvoices; i++)
            vd->free_voices.push_back(i);
        vd->queued.clear();
        vd->used_voices.clear();
        vd->n_used = 0;
    }
    
    void all_notes_off(uint8_t chan)
    {
        for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it =
             vd->used_voices.begin();
             it != vd->used_voices.end(); ) {
            int i = *it;
            if (vd->note_info[i].ch == chan) {
                assert(vd->n_free < nvoices);
                vd->free_voices.push_back(i);
                vd->n_free++;
                voice_off(i);
                vd->notes[vd->note_info[i].ch][vd->note_info[i].note] = -1;
                vd->queued.erase(i);
                // erase this voice from the used list
                it = vd->used_voices.erase(it);
                vd->n_used--;
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
                print_voices("dealloc (all-notes-off)");
#endif
            } else
                it++;
        }
        vd->bend[chan] = 0.0f;
    }
    
    void queued_notes_off()
    {
        if (vd->queued.empty()) return;
        for (int i = 0; i < nvoices; i++)
            if (vd->queued.find(i) != vd->queued.end()) {
                assert(vd->n_free < nvoices);
                vd->free_voices.push_back(i);
                vd->n_free++;
                voice_off(i);
                vd->notes[vd->note_info[i].ch][vd->note_info[i].note] = -1;
                vd->queued.erase(i);
                // erase this voice from the used list
                for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it =
                     vd->used_voices.begin();
                     it != vd->used_voices.end(); it++) {
                    if (*it == i) {
                        vd->used_voices.erase(it);
                        vd->n_used--;
                        break;
                    }
                }
#if DEBUG_VOICE_ALLOC
                print_voices("dealloc (unqueued)");
#endif
            }
    }
    
    // Plugin activation status. suspend() deactivates a plugin (disables audio
    // processing), resume() reactivates it. Also, set_rate() changes the sample
    // rate. Note that the audio and MIDI process functions (see below) can
    // still be called in deactivated state, but this is optional. The plugin
    // tries to do some reasonable processing in either case, no matter whether
    // the host plugin architecture actually executes callbacks in suspended
    // state or not.
    
    void suspend()
    {
        active = false;
        if (maxvoices > 0) all_notes_off();
    }
    
    void resume()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < ndsps; i++)
            dsp[i]->init(rate);
        for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < ui[0]->nelems; i++) {
            int p = ui[0]->elems[i].port;
            if (p >= 0) {
                float val = ui[0]->elems[i].init;
                portvals[p] = val;
            }
        }
        active = true;
    }
    
    void set_rate(int sr)
    {
        rate = sr;
        for (int i = 0; i < ndsps; i++)
            dsp[i]->init(rate);
    }
    
    // Audio and MIDI process functions. The plugin should run these in the
    // appropriate real-time callbacks.
    
    void process_audio(int blocksz, float **inputs, float **outputs)
    {
        int n = dsp[0]->getNumInputs(), m = dsp[0]->getNumOutputs();
        AVOIDDENORMALS;
        modified = false;
        if (maxvoices > 0) queued_notes_off();
        if (!active) {
            // Depending on the plugin architecture, this code might never be
            // invoked, since the plugin is deactivitated at this point. But let's
            // do something reasonable here anyway.
            if (n == m) {
                // copy inputs to outputs
                for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < blocksz; j++)
                        outputs[i][j] = inputs[i][j];
            } else {
                // silence
                for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < blocksz; j++)
                        outputs[i][j] = 0.0f;
            }
            return;
        }
        // Handle changes in the polyphony control.
        if (nvoices != poly && poly > 0 && poly <= maxvoices) {
            modified = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < nvoices; i++)
                voice_off(i);
            nvoices = poly;
            // Reset the voice allocation.
            memset(vd->notes, 0xff, sizeof(vd->notes));
            vd->free_voices.clear();
            vd->n_free = nvoices;
            for (int i = 0; i < nvoices; i++)
                vd->free_voices.push_back(i);
            vd->used_voices.clear();
            vd->n_used = 0;
        } else
            poly = nvoices;
        // Only update the controls (of all voices simultaneously) if a port value
        // actually changed. This is necessary to allow MIDI controllers to modify
        // the values for individual MIDI channels (see processEvents below). Also
        // note that this will be done *after* processing the MIDI controller data
        // for the current audio block, so manual inputs can still override these.
        bool is_instr = maxvoices > 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n_in; i++) {
            int j = inctrls[i], k = ui[0]->elems[j].port;
            float &oldval = portvals[k], newval = ports[k];
            if (newval != oldval) {
                modified = true;
                if (is_instr) {
                    // instrument: update running voices
                    for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it =
                         vd->used_voices.begin();
                         it != vd->used_voices.end(); it++) {
                        int i = *it;
                        *ui[i]->elems[j].zone = newval;
                    }
                } else {
                    // simple effect: here we only have a single dsp instance
                    *ui[0]->elems[j].zone = newval;
                }
                // also update the MIDI controller data for all channels (manual
                // control input is always omni)
                for (int ch = 0; ch < 16; ch++)
                    midivals[ch][k] = newval;
                // record the new value
                oldval = newval;
            }
        }
        // Initialize the output buffers.
        if (n_samples < blocksz) {
            // We need to enlarge the buffers. We're not officially allowed to do
            // this here (presumably in the realtime thread), but since we usually
            // don't know the hosts's block size beforehand, there's really nothing
            // else that we can do. Let's just hope that doing this once suffices,
            // then hopefully noone will notice.
            if (outbuf) {
                for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                    outbuf[i] = (float*)realloc(outbuf[i],
                                                blocksz*sizeof(float));
                    assert(outbuf[i]);
                }
            }
            n_samples = blocksz;
        }
        if (outbuf) {
            // Polyphonic instrument: Mix the voices down to one signal.
            for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
                for (unsigned j = 0; j < blocksz; j++)
                    outputs[i][j] = 0.0f;
            for (int l = 0; l < nvoices; l++) {
                // Let Faust do all the hard work.
                dsp[l]->compute(blocksz, inputs, outbuf);
                for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < blocksz; j++)
                        outputs[i][j] += outbuf[i][j];
            }
        } else {
            // Simple effect: We can write directly to the output buffer.
            dsp[0]->compute(blocksz, inputs, outputs);
        }
        // Finally grab the passive controls and write them back to the
        // corresponding control ports. NOTE: Depending on the plugin
        // architecture, this might require a host call to get the control GUI
        // updated in real-time (if the host supports this at all).
        // FIXME: It's not clear how to aggregate the data of the different
        // voices. We compute the maximum of each control for now.
        if (n_out > 0) modified = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < n_out; i++) {
            int j = outctrls[i], k = ui[0]->elems[j].port;
            float *z = ui[0]->elems[j].zone;
            ports[k] = *z;
            for (int l = 1; l < nvoices; l++) {
                float *z = ui[l]->elems[j].zone;
                if (ports[k] < *z)
                    ports[k] = *z;
            }
        }
        // Keep track of the last gates set for each voice, so that voices can be
        // forcibly retriggered if needed.
        if (gate >= 0)
            for (int i = 0; i < nvoices; i++)
                vd->lastgate[i] =
                *ui[i]->elems[gate].zone;
    }
    
    // This processes just a single MIDI message, so to process an entire series
    // of MIDI events you'll have to loop over the event data in the plugin's
    // MIDI callback. XXXTODO: Sample-accurate processing of MIDI events.
    
    void process_midi(unsigned char *data, int sz)
    {
#if DEBUG_MIDI
        fprintf(stderr, "midi ev (%d bytes):", sz);
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
            fprintf(stderr, " 0x%0x", data[i]);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
        uint8_t status = data[0] & 0xf0, chan = data[0] & 0x0f;
        bool is_instr = maxvoices > 0;
        switch (status) {
            case 0x90: {
                if (!is_instr) break;
                // note on
#if DEBUG_NOTES
                fprintf(stderr, "note-on  chan %d, note %d, vel %d\n", chan+1,
                        data[1], data[2]);
#endif
                if (data[2] == 0) goto note_off;
                alloc_voice(chan, data[1], data[2]);
                break;
            }
            case 0x80: {
                if (!is_instr) break;
                // note off
#if DEBUG_NOTES
                fprintf(stderr, "note-off chan %d, note %d, vel %d\n", chan+1,
                        data[1], data[2]);
#endif
            note_off:
                dealloc_voice(chan, data[1], data[2]);
                break;
            }
            case 0xe0: {
                if (!is_instr) break;
                // pitch bend
                // data[1] is LSB, data[2] MSB, range is 0..0x3fff (which maps to
                // -2..+2 semitones by default), center point is 0x2000 = 8192
                int val = data[1] | (data[2]<<7);
                vd->bend[chan] =
                (val-0x2000)/8192.0f*vd->range[chan];
#if DEBUG_MIDICC
                fprintf(stderr, "pitch-bend (chan %d): %g cent\n", chan+1,
                        vd->bend[chan]*100.0);
#endif
                update_voices(chan);
                break;
            }
            case 0xb0: {
                // controller change
                switch (data[1]) {
                    case 120: case 123:
                        if (!is_instr) break;
                        // all-sound-off and all-notes-off controllers (these are treated
                        // the same in the current implementation)
                        all_notes_off(chan);
#if DEBUG_MIDICC
                        fprintf(stderr, "all-notes-off (chan %d)\n", chan+1);
#endif
                        break;
                    case 121:
                        // all-controllers-off (in the current implementation, this just
                        // resets the RPN-related controllers)
                        data_msb[chan] = data_lsb[chan] = 0;
                        rpn_msb[chan] = rpn_lsb[chan] = 0x7f;
#if DEBUG_MIDICC
                        fprintf(stderr, "all-controllers-off (chan %d)\n", chan+1);
#endif
                        break;
                    case 101: case 100:
                        // RPN MSB/LSB
                        if (data[1] == 101)
                            rpn_msb[chan] = data[2];
                        else
                            rpn_lsb[chan] = data[2];
                        break;
                    case 6: case 38:
                        // data entry coarse/fine
                        if (data[1] == 6)
                            data_msb[chan] = data[2];
                        else
                            data_lsb[chan] = data[2];
                        goto rpn;
                    case 96: case 97:
                        // data increment/decrement
                        /* NOTE: The specification of these controllers is a complete
                         mess. Originally, the MIDI specification didn't have anything
                         to say about their exact behaviour at all. Nowadays, the
                         behaviour depends on which RPN or NRPN is being modified, which
                         is also rather confusing. Fortunately, as we only handle RPNs
                         0..2 here anyway, it's sufficient to assume the MSB for RPN #2
                         (channel coarse tuning) and the LSB otherwise. */
                        if (rpn_msb[chan] == 0 && rpn_lsb[chan] == 2) {
                            // modify the MSB
                            if (data[1] == 96 && data_msb[chan] < 0x7f)
                                data_msb[chan]++;
                            else if (data[1] == 97 && data_msb[chan] > 0)
                                data_msb[chan]--;
                        } else {
                            // modify the LSB
                            if (data[1] == 96 && data_lsb[chan] < 0x7f)
                                data_lsb[chan]++;
                            else if (data[1] == 97 && data_lsb[chan] > 0)
                                data_lsb[chan]--;
                        }
                    rpn:
                        if (!is_instr) break;
                        if (rpn_msb[chan] == 0) {
                            switch (rpn_lsb[chan]) {
                                case 0:
                                    // pitch bend range, coarse value is in semitones, fine value
                                    // in cents
                                    vd->range[chan] = data_msb[chan]+
                                    data_lsb[chan]/100.0;
#if DEBUG_RPN
                                    fprintf(stderr, "pitch-bend-range (chan %d): %g cent\n", chan+1,
                                            vd->range[chan]*100.0);
#endif
                                    break;
                                case 1:
                                {
                                    // channel fine tuning (14 bit value, range -100..+100 cents)
                                    int value = (data_msb[chan]<<7) |
                                    data_lsb[chan];
                                    vd->fine[chan] = (value-8192)/8192.0f;
                                }
                                    goto master_tune;
                                case 2:
                                    // channel coarse tuning (only msb is used, range -64..+63
                                    // semitones)
                                    vd->coarse[chan] = data_msb[chan]-64;
                                master_tune:
                                    vd->tune[chan] = vd->coarse[chan]+
                                    vd->fine[chan];
#if DEBUG_RPN
                                    fprintf(stderr, "master-tuning (chan %d): %g cent\n", chan+1,
                                            vd->tune[chan]*100.0);
#endif
                                    update_voices(chan);
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    break;
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    default: {
#if FAUST_MIDICC
                        // interpret all other controller changes according to the MIDI
                        // controller map defined in the Faust plugin itself
                        std::map<uint8_t,int>::iterator it = ctrlmap.find(data[1]);
                        if (it != ctrlmap.end()) {
                            // defined MIDI controller
                            int j = inctrls[it->second],
                            k = ui[0]->elems[j].port;
                            float val = ctrlval(ui[0]->elems[j], data[2]);
                            midivals[chan][k] = val;
                            if (is_instr) {
                                // instrument: update running voices on this channel
                                for (boost::circular_buffer<int>::iterator it =
                                     vd->used_voices.begin();
                                     it != vd->used_voices.end(); it++) {
                                    int i = *it;
                                    if (vd->note_info[i].ch == chan)
                                        *ui[i]->elems[j].zone = val;
                                }
                            } else {
                                // simple effect: here we only have a single dsp instance and
                                // we're operating in omni mode, so we just update the control no
                                // matter what the midi channel is
                                *ui[0]->elems[j].zone = val;
                            }
#if DEBUG_MIDICC
                            fprintf(stderr, "ctrl-change chan %d, ctrl %d, val %d\n", chan+1,
                                    data[1], data[2]);
#endif
                        }
#endif
                        break;
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    
    // Process an MTS sysex message and update the control values accordingly.
    
    void process_sysex(uint8_t *data, int sz)
    {
        if (!data || sz < 2) return;
#if DEBUG_MIDI
        fprintf(stderr, "midi sysex (%d bytes):", sz);
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
            fprintf(stderr, " 0x%0x", data[i]);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
        if (data[0] == 0xf0) {
            // Skip over the f0 and f7 status bytes in case they are included in the
            // dump.
            data++; sz--;
            if (data[sz-1] == 0xf7) sz--;
        }
        if ((data[0] == 0x7e || data[0] == 0x7f) && data[2] == 8) {
            // MIDI tuning standard
            bool realtime = data[0] == 0x7f;
            if ((sz == 19 && data[3] == 8) ||
                (sz == 31 && data[3] == 9)) {
                // MTS scale/octave tuning 1- or 2-byte form
                bool onebyte = data[3] == 8;
                unsigned chanmsk = (data[4]<<14) | (data[5]<<7) | data[6];
                for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
                    float t;
                    if (onebyte)
                        t = (data[i+7]-64)/100.0;
                    else
                        t = (((data[2*i+7]<<7)|data[2*i+8])-8192)/8192.0;
                    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 16; ch++)
                        if (chanmsk & (1<<ch))
                            vd->tuning[ch][i] = t;
                }
                if (realtime) {
                    for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 16; ch++)
                        if (chanmsk & (1<<ch)) {
                            // update running voices on this channel
                            update_voices(ch);
                        }
                }
#if DEBUG_MTS
                fprintf(stderr, "octave-tuning-%s (chan ",
                        realtime?"realtime":"non-realtime");
                bool first = true;
                for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; )
                    if (chanmsk & (1<<i)) {
                        uint8_t j;
                        for (j = i+1; j < 16 && (chanmsk&(1<<j)); )
                            j++;
                        if (first)
                            first = false;
                        else
                            fprintf(stderr, ",");
                        if (j > i+1)
                            fprintf(stderr, "%u-%u", i+1, j);
                        else
                            fprintf(stderr, "%u", i+1);
                        i = j;
                    } else
                        i++;
                fprintf(stderr, "):");
                if (onebyte) {
                    for (int i = 7; i < 19; i++) {
                        int val = data[i];
                        fprintf(stderr, " %d", val-64);
                    }
                } else {
                    for (int i = 7; i < 31; i++) {
                        int val = data[i++] << 7;
                        val |= data[i];
                        fprintf(stderr, " %g", ((double)val-8192.0)/8192.0*100.0);
                    }
                }
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
            }
        }
    }
    
    // Change to a given preloaded tuning. The given tuning number may be in the
    // range 1..VSTPlugin::n_tunings, zero denotes the default tuning (equal
    // temperament). This is only supported if FAUST_MTS is defined at compile
    // time.
    
    void change_tuning(int num)
    {
#if FAUST_MTS
        if (!mts || num == tuning) return;
        modified = true;
        if (num < 0) num = 0;
        if (num > mts->tuning.size())
            num = mts->tuning.size();
        tuning = num;
        if (tuning > 0) {
            process_sysex(mts->tuning[tuning-1].data,
                          mts->tuning[tuning-1].len);
        } else {
            memset(vd->tuning, 0, sizeof(vd->tuning));
#if DEBUG_MTS
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "octave-tuning-default (chan 1-16): equal temperament\n");
#endif
#endif
        }
    }
    
};

Meta *VSTPlugin::meta = 0;
int VSTPlugin::n_tunings = 0;
#if FAUST_MTS
MTSTunings *VSTPlugin::mts = 0;
#endif

/* VST-specific part starts here. ********************************************/

#include "audioeffectx.h"
#if FAUST_UI
#include "faustvstqt.h"
#endif

/* NOTE: Some hosts are blacklisted here due to incompatibilities with the
 optional Qt GUI code. We include Ardour by default, but you may want to put
 other hosts on this list if they give you random crashes. You can also
 comment out the following define to enable the GUI in all hosts for testing
 purposes. Note that in any case the VST plugins *will* run in the
 blacklisted hosts, just without a custom GUI. */
#define HOST_BLACKLIST { "Ardour", "REAPER", NULL }
//#define HOST_BLACKLIST { "Ardour", "Tracktion", NULL }

class VSTWrapper : public AudioEffectX
{
public:
    VSTWrapper(audioMasterCallback audioMaster);
    ~VSTWrapper();
    
    virtual void processReplacing(float **inputs, float **outputs,
                                  VstInt32 sampleframes);
    virtual VstInt32 processEvents(VstEvents* events);
    
    virtual void suspend();
    virtual void resume();
    virtual void setSampleRate(float sampleRate);
    
    virtual void setProgram(VstInt32 program);
    virtual void setProgramName(const char *name);
    virtual void getProgramName(char *name);
    virtual bool getProgramNameIndexed(VstInt32 category,
                                       VstInt32 index, char* text);
    
    virtual void setParameter(VstInt32 index, float value);
    virtual float getParameter(VstInt32 index);
    virtual bool string2parameter(VstInt32 index, char *text);
    virtual void getParameterLabel(VstInt32 index, char *label);
    virtual void getParameterDisplay(VstInt32 index, char *text);
    virtual void getParameterName(VstInt32 index, char *text);
    
    virtual VstInt32 getChunk(void** data,
                              bool isPreset = false);
    virtual VstInt32 setChunk(void* data, VstInt32 byteSize,
                              bool isPreset = false);
    
    virtual bool getInputProperties(VstInt32 index,
                                    VstPinProperties *properties);
    virtual bool getOutputProperties(VstInt32 index,
                                     VstPinProperties* properties);
    
    virtual bool getEffectName(char* name);
    virtual bool getVendorString(char* text);
    virtual bool getProductString(char* text);
    virtual VstInt32 getVendorVersion();
    virtual VstInt32 canDo(char* text);
    
    // We process all MIDI channels on input.
    virtual VstInt32 getNumMidiInputChannels()  { return 16; }
    // No MIDI output for now. XXXTODO: We might want to do MIDI controller
    // output for passive Faust controls in the future.
    virtual VstInt32 getNumMidiOutputChannels()  { return 0; }
    
#if FAUST_UI
    // AG: Note that we have to map the GUI parameter numbers to the actual
    // Faust control indices here. This extra level of indirection is necessary
    // because in some cases Qt may enumerate the child widgets in a different
    // order than what we have in the Faust program. The mapping is computed in
    // the QTGUIWrapper class below, please see the comments there for details.
    
    int n_params;		// number of param mapping entries
    int *param_no;	// map Qt -> Faust control numbers
    int *control_no;	// map Faust -> Qt control numbers
    
    int map_param(int i)
    {
        return (i < 0 || i >= n_params) ? i : param_no[i];
    }
    
    int map_control(int i)
    {
        return (i < 0 || i >= n_params) ? i : control_no[i];
    }
    
    // GUI-specific methods
    float getMinimum(VstInt32 index);
    float getMaximum(VstInt32 index);
    float getStep(VstInt32 index);
    int isPassiveControl(VstInt32 index);
    int getMaxVoices();
    int getNumTunings();
    int getNumControls();
    const char *getHostName();
#else
    // Dummy versions to be used if the GUI is not included.
    int map_param(int i) { return i; }
    int map_control(int i) { return i; }
#endif
    
private:
    VSTPlugin *plugin;
    char progname[kVstMaxProgNameLen+1];
#if FAUST_UI
    char host[65];
#endif
    float *progdata;
};

// Create a "unique" VST plugin ID using Murmur2 hashes. This can't possibly
// avoid all collisions, but will hopefully be good enough.

// Code pilfered from http://code.google.com/p/smhasher/.
static uint32_t MurmurHash2(const void *key, int len, uint32_t seed)
{
    // 'm' and 'r' are mixing constants generated offline.
    // They're not really 'magic', they just happen to work well.
    
    const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
    const int r = 24;
    
    // Initialize the hash to a 'random' value
    
    uint32_t h = seed ^ len;
    
    // Mix 4 bytes at a time into the hash
    
    const unsigned char * data = (const unsigned char *)key;
    
    while(len >= 4)
    {
        uint32_t k = *(uint32_t*)data;
        
        k *= m;
        k ^= k >> r;
        k *= m;
        
        h *= m;
        h ^= k;
        
        data += 4;
        len -= 4;
    }
    
    // Handle the last few bytes of the input array
    
    switch(len)
    {
        case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16;
        case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;
        case 1: h ^= data[0];
            h *= m;
    };
    
    // Do a few final mixes of the hash to ensure the last few
    // bytes are well-incorporated.
    
    h ^= h >> 13;
    h *= m;
    h ^= h >> 15;
    
    return h;
}

static uint32_t idhash(const char *s)
{
    // Arbitrary seed value (should be the same for all instances).
    const uint32_t seed = 4711;
    // XXXFIXME: The rules for valid-formed VST ids don't seem to be very
    // clear. Can it be just any 32 bit number? But it looks like at least the
    // most significant bit should be 0 here, so we enforce that. (Some VST
    // hosts such as Carla display the id as zero otherwise.)
    return MurmurHash2(s, strlen(s), seed) & 0x7fffffff;
}

// initialization and finalization

// This interface function is used by the code in vstplugmain.cpp to create an
// instance of the plugin. It simply invokes the constructor of our VSTWrapper
// class here.
AudioEffect *createEffectInstance(audioMasterCallback audioMaster)
{
    return new VSTWrapper(audioMaster);
}

VSTWrapper::VSTWrapper(audioMasterCallback audioMaster)
: AudioEffectX(audioMaster, 1, VSTPlugin::numControls())
{
    const char *dsp_name = VSTPlugin::pluginName();
    const int num_voices = VSTPlugin::numVoices();
    // Get the initial sample rate from the VST host.
    const int rate = getSampleRate();
    plugin = new VSTPlugin(num_voices, rate);
#if FAUST_UI
    // Get the name of the host (product string).
    strcpy(host, "Unknown");
    // Some hosts like Ardour properly report the product string even though
    // getHostProductString() returns false, so we just ignore the return value.
    getHostProductString(host);
    // Map of GUI parameter numbers to the actual control indices. This is
    // initialized later by VSTQtGUI::open() below.
    n_params = 0;
    param_no = control_no = 0;
#endif
    // VST-specific initialization:
    if (audioMaster) {
        setNumInputs(plugin->dsp[0]->getNumInputs());
        setNumOutputs(plugin->dsp[0]->getNumOutputs());
        canProcessReplacing();
        programsAreChunks();
        if (plugin->maxvoices > 0) isSynth();
        // XXXFIXME: Maybe do something more clever for the unique id.
        setUniqueID((VstInt32)idhash(dsp_name));
        
#if FAUST_UI
#ifdef HOST_BLACKLIST
        char *blacklist[] = HOST_BLACKLIST, **b = blacklist;
        while (*b && strcmp(host, *b)) ++b;
        //fprintf(stderr, "host '%s' is %s blacklist\n", host, *b?"on":"not on");
        if (!*b)
#endif
            setEditor(new VSTQtGUI(this));
#endif
    }
    // We only provide one "program" (a.k.a. built-in control preset), which
    // corresponds to the initial input control values in the Faust UI. Faust
    // has no built-in support for presets and we don't try to emulate that here
    // either. Most VST hosts will provide you with a way to save and restore
    // presets in a number of different formats, such as fxb and fxp files.
    curProgram = 0;
    setProgramName("Default");
    // Initialize the program storage. This is also used with getChunk/setChunk.
    // We reserve two extra entries for the instrument poly and tuning controls
    // here if needed.
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
#if FAUST_MTS
    int m = (plugin->maxvoices > 0)?2:0;
#else
    int m = (plugin->maxvoices > 0)?1:0;
#endif
    progdata = (float*)calloc(k+m, sizeof(float));
    assert(k+m == 0 || progdata);
    // At this point, plugin->ports should already be filled with the initial
    // control values, use getChunk to copy them over to the program storage.
    void *data;
    (void)getChunk(&data);
}

VSTWrapper::~VSTWrapper()
{
    delete plugin;
    if (progdata) free(progdata);
#if FAUST_UI
    if (param_no) delete[] param_no;
    if (control_no) delete[] control_no;
#endif
}

// plugin activation and deactivation

void VSTWrapper::suspend()
{
    plugin->suspend();
}

void VSTWrapper::resume()
{
    plugin->rate = getSampleRate();
    plugin->resume();
}

void VSTWrapper::setSampleRate(float sampleRate)
{
    AudioEffect::setSampleRate(sampleRate);
    plugin->set_rate(sampleRate);
}

// programs a.k.a. built-in presets (see above)

void VSTWrapper::setProgram(VstInt32 prog)
{
    if (prog < 0 || prog >= 1) return;
    curProgram = prog;
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    // instrument data size
#if FAUST_MTS
    int m = (plugin->maxvoices > 0)?2:0;
#else
    int m = (plugin->maxvoices > 0)?1:0;
#endif
    (void)setChunk(progdata, (k+m)*sizeof(float));
    // Some hosts may require this to force a GUI update of the parameters.
    updateDisplay();
}

void VSTWrapper::setProgramName(const char* name)
{
    vst_strncpy(progname, name, kVstMaxProgNameLen);
}

void VSTWrapper::getProgramName(char *name)
{
    vst_strncpy(name, progname, kVstMaxProgNameLen);
}

bool VSTWrapper::getProgramNameIndexed(VstInt32 category, VstInt32 index,
                                       char* text)
{
    if (index < 1) {
        vst_strncpy(text, progname, kVstMaxProgNameLen);
        return true;
    } else
        return false;
}

// control values (setters, getters, meta data)

VstInt32 VSTWrapper::getChunk(void** data, bool isPreset)
{
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    // data for the k ports is already in plugin->ports, for instruments we also
    // add the values of the polyphony and (if enabled) the tuning control
    memcpy(progdata, plugin->ports, k*sizeof(float));
    if (plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        progdata[k++] = plugin->poly;
#if FAUST_MTS
        progdata[k++] = plugin->tuning;
#endif
    }
    *data = progdata;
    return k*sizeof(float);
}

VstInt32 VSTWrapper::setChunk(void* data, VstInt32 byteSize, bool isPreset)
{
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports, l = byteSize/sizeof(float);
    // instrument data size
#if FAUST_MTS
    int m = (plugin->maxvoices > 0)?2:0;
#else
    int m = (plugin->maxvoices > 0)?1:0;
#endif
    if (byteSize != (k+m)*sizeof(float)) return 0; // data size mismatch
    // copy the data over to the program storage
    if (progdata != data) memcpy(progdata, data, (k+m)*sizeof(float));
    // set the control data
    memcpy(plugin->ports, progdata, k*sizeof(float));
    if (plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        plugin->poly = min(plugin->maxvoices, max(1, (int)progdata[k]));
#if FAUST_MTS
        plugin->change_tuning((int)progdata[k+1]);
#endif
    }
    // Noone seems to know what the return value is good for. Just always
    // returning zero reportedly works with existing hosts.
    return 0;
}

void VSTWrapper::getParameterName(VstInt32 index, char *label)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    strcpy(label, "");
    if (index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        // Note that the VST spec mandates a maximum size of kVstMaxParamStrLen
        // for the label string, which is a rather small constant. This seems
        // overly restrictive, however, given that virtually all VST hosts provide
        // for much longer names. We allow 32 characters here which is hopefully
        // on the safe side.
        vst_strncpy(label, plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].label, 32);
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        strcpy(label, "polyphony");
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->n_tunings > 0) {
        strcpy(label, "tuning");
#endif
    }
}

void VSTWrapper::getParameterLabel(VstInt32 index, char *label)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    strcpy(label, "");
    if (index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        if (plugin->units[index])
            // Allow for up to 32 characters; see the remarks concerning
            // kVstMaxParamStrLen above.
            vst_strncpy(label, plugin->units[index], 32);
    }
}

// NOTE: VST parameters are always floats with unit range (0..1). So we need
// to convert between Faust control values with given range/stepsize and the
// VST range here. We use the following quantization algorithm for mapping VST
// to Faust control values.

static double quantize(double x, double d)
{
    if (d == 0.0) return x;
    // Round off x to the nearest increment of d. Note that this may produce
    // rounding artifacts if d is some power of 10 less than 0, since these
    // can't be represented exactly in binary.
    double i;
    if (x*d < 0.0)
        modf(x/d-0.5, &i);
    else
        modf(x/d+0.5, &i);
    return i*d;
}

void VSTWrapper::getParameterDisplay(VstInt32 index, char *text)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    strcpy(text, "");
    if (index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        sprintf(text, "%0.5g", plugin->ports[index]);
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        sprintf(text, "%d voices", plugin->poly);
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->n_tunings > 0) {
        sprintf(text, "%d %s", plugin->tuning,
                plugin->tuning>0?plugin->mts->tuning[plugin->tuning-1].name:
                "default");
#endif
    }
}

static inline float clamp(float min, float max, float val)
{
    if (min<=max) {
        if (val < min) val = min;
        if (val > max) val = max;
    } else {
        if (val > min) val = min;
        if (val < max) val = max;
    }
    return val;
}

float VSTWrapper::getParameter(VstInt32 index)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    if (index >= 0 && index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        float min = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].min;
        float max = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].max;
        if (min == max)
            return 0.0f;
        else
            // Clamp the value to the 0..1 VST range. Some VST hosts (e.g., Carla)
            // don't like values falling outside that range.
            return clamp(0.0, 1.0, (plugin->ports[index]-min)/(max-min));
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        return (float)plugin->poly/(float)plugin->maxvoices;
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->n_tunings > 0) {
        return (float)plugin->tuning/(float)plugin->mts->tuning.size();
#endif
    } else
        return 0.0f;
}

void VSTWrapper::setParameter(VstInt32 index, float value)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    const double eps = 1e-5;
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    if (index >= 0 && index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        // XXXTODO: We use a rather simple-minded quantization algorithm here, do
        // something more comprehensive in the future.
        float min = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].min;
        float max = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].max;
        float step = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].step;
        float val = (min == max)?min:min+quantize(value*(max-min), step);
        if (fabs(val) < fabs(step) || fabs(val)/fabs(max-min) < eps)
            val = 0.0;
        // We only need to update the port value here, the ui values are then
        // updated automatically as needed in the process_audio() callback.
        plugin->ports[index] = val;
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        plugin->poly = (int)quantize((value*plugin->maxvoices), 1);
        if (plugin->poly <= 0) plugin->poly = 1;
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->n_tunings > 0) {
        int tuning = (int)quantize((value*plugin->mts->tuning.size()), 1);
        plugin->change_tuning(tuning);
#endif
    }
}

bool VSTWrapper::string2parameter(VstInt32 index, char *text)
{
    if (!text) return true;
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    if (index >= 0 && index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        float min = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].min;
        float max = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].max;
        float step = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].step;
        double val = atof(text);
        if (min == max)
            val = min;
        else
            val = min+quantize(val-min, step);
        if (min > max) {
            float m = max;
            max = min; min = m;
        }
        if (val < min)
            val = min;
        else if (val > max)
            val = max;
        plugin->ports[index] = val;
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        int val = atoi(text);
        if (val <= 0) val = 1;
        if (val > plugin->maxvoices) val = plugin->maxvoices;
        plugin->poly = val;
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->mts &&
               plugin->mts->tuning.size() > 0) {
        plugin->change_tuning(atoi(text));
#endif
    } else
        return false;
    return true;
}

// audio inputs and outputs

bool VSTWrapper::getInputProperties(VstInt32 index,
                                    VstPinProperties* properties)
{
    const char *dsp_name = VSTPlugin::pluginName();
    const int n = plugin->dsp[0]->getNumInputs();
    if (index < 0 || index >= n)
        return false;
    snprintf(properties->label, kVstMaxLabelLen,
             "%s input #%d", dsp_name, index);
    sprintf(properties->shortLabel, "In%d", index);
    properties->flags = kVstPinIsActive;
    // XXXTODO: deal with multi-channel setups (>2) here
    if (n == 2)
        properties->flags |= kVstPinIsStereo;
    return true;
}

bool VSTWrapper::getOutputProperties(VstInt32 index,
                                     VstPinProperties* properties)
{
    const char *dsp_name = VSTPlugin::pluginName();
    const int n = plugin->dsp[0]->getNumOutputs();
    if (index < 0 || index >= n)
        return false;
    snprintf(properties->label, kVstMaxLabelLen,
             "%s output #%d", dsp_name, index);
    sprintf(properties->shortLabel, "Out%d", index);
    properties->flags = kVstPinIsActive;
    // XXXTODO: deal with multi-channel setups (>2) here
    if (n == 2)
        properties->flags |= kVstPinIsStereo;
    return true;
}

// global meta data

bool VSTWrapper::getEffectName(char *name)
{
    const char *dsp_name = VSTPlugin::pluginName();
    vst_strncpy(name, dsp_name, kVstMaxEffectNameLen);
    return true;
}

bool VSTWrapper::getVendorString(char *text)
{
    const char *vendorString = VSTPlugin::pluginAuthor();
    vst_strncpy(text, vendorString, kVstMaxVendorStrLen);
    return true;
}

bool VSTWrapper::getProductString(char *text)
{
    const char *productString = VSTPlugin::pluginDescription();
    vst_strncpy(text, productString, kVstMaxProductStrLen);
    return true;
}

VstInt32 VSTWrapper::getVendorVersion()
{
    const char *versionString = VSTPlugin::pluginVersion();
    return (VstInt32)(atof(versionString)*1000.0);
}

VstInt32 VSTWrapper::canDo(char *text)
{
    if (strcmp(text, "receiveVstEvents") == 0) return 1;
    if (strcmp(text, "receiveVstMidiEvent") == 0) return 1;
    // This may convince some VST hosts to send us sysex events (seems to be
    // supported by some Bitwig versions at least).
    if (strcmp(text, "receiveVstSysexEvent") == 0) return 1;
    return -1;
}

// audio and MIDI process functions

void VSTWrapper::processReplacing(float **inputs, float **outputs,
                                  VstInt32 n_samples)
{
    plugin->process_audio(n_samples, inputs, outputs);
    // Some hosts may require this to force a GUI update of the controls.
    // XXXFIXME: Alas, some hosts don't seem to handle this at all (e.g.,
    // Tracktion).
    if (plugin->modified) updateDisplay();
}

VstInt32 VSTWrapper::processEvents(VstEvents* events)
{
    // Process incoming MIDI events.
    for (VstInt32 i = 0; i < events->numEvents; i++) {
        if (events->events[i]->type == kVstMidiType) {
            VstMidiEvent* ev = (VstMidiEvent*)events->events[i];
            uint8_t *data = (uint8_t*)ev->midiData;
#if 0
            // FIXME: Consider doing sample-accurate note onsets here. VST keeps
            // track of the exact onset in the deltaFrames field, but we can't use
            // that information at present, since our gate parameter is a control
            // variable which can only change at block boundaries. In the future,
            // the gate could be implemented as an audio signal to get
            // sample-accurate note onsets.
            VstInt32 frames = ev->deltaFrames;
#endif
#if 0
            fprintf(stderr, "ev length = %d, offset = %d, detune = %d, off velocity = %d\n", ev->noteLength, ev->noteOffset, (int)(signed char)ev->detune, (int)ev->noteOffVelocity);
#endif
            plugin->process_midi(data, 4);
        } else if (events->events[i]->type == kVstSysExType) {
            VstMidiSysexEvent* ev = (VstMidiSysexEvent*)events->events[i];
            int sz = ev->dumpBytes;
            uint8_t *data = (uint8_t*)ev->sysexDump;
            bool is_instr = plugin->maxvoices > 0;
            if (!is_instr) continue;
            plugin->process_sysex(data, sz);
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown event type %d\n",
                    VSTPlugin::pluginName(), events->events[i]->type);
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

#if FAUST_UI

/* Qt-specific part starts here. *********************************************/

/* Copyright (c) 2015-2016 by Roman Svidler (rosvid). Some improvements and
 HTTPD/OSC support added by Albert Gräf (ag). Distributed under the LGPLv3+.
 Original code is available at https://github.com/rosvid/faust-vst-qt. */

// special getters needed by the GUI code

float VSTWrapper::getMinimum(VstInt32 index)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    if (index < 0)
        return 0.0f;
    else if (index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        float min = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].min;
        return min;
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        return 0.0f;
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->n_tunings > 0) {
        return 0.0f;
#endif
    } else
        return 0.0f;
}

float VSTWrapper::getMaximum(VstInt32 index)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    if (index < 0)
        return 0.0f;
    else if (index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        float max = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].max;
        return max;
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        return (float)plugin->maxvoices;
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->n_tunings > 0) {
        return (float)plugin->mts->tuning.size();
#endif
    } else
        return 0.0f;
}

float VSTWrapper::getStep(VstInt32 index)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    if (index < 0)
        return 0.0f;
    else if (index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        float step = plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].step;
        return step;
    } else if (index == k && plugin->maxvoices > 0) {
        return 1.0f;
#if FAUST_MTS
    } else if (index == k+1 && plugin->n_tunings > 0) {
        return 1.0f;
#endif
    } else
        return 0.0f;
}

int VSTWrapper::isPassiveControl(VstInt32 index)
{
    index = map_param(index);
    int k = plugin->ui[0]->nports;
    if (index >= 0 && index < k) {
        int j = plugin->ctrls[index];
        assert(index == plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].port);
        switch (plugin->ui[0]->elems[j].type) {
            case UI_V_BARGRAPH:
                return 1;         // passive control is of type UI_V_BARGRAPH
            case UI_H_BARGRAPH:
                return 2;         // passive control is of type UI_H_BARGRAPH
            default:
                return 0;         // not a passive control
        }
    } else
        return 0;
}

int VSTWrapper::getMaxVoices()
{
    return plugin->maxvoices;
}

int VSTWrapper::getNumTunings()
{
#if FAUST_MTS
    return plugin->n_tunings;
#else
    return 0;
#endif
}

int VSTWrapper::getNumControls()
{
    return plugin->ui[0]->nports;;
}

const char *VSTWrapper::getHostName()
{
    return host;
}

// OSCUI.h and httpdUI.h pull in their own definition of the Meta struct,
// prevent name clashes with our version.
#define Meta FaustMeta

#include <iostream>
#include <QApplication>
#include <faust/gui/QTUI.h>
#ifdef OSCCTRL
#include <faust/gui/OSCUI.h>
#endif
#ifdef HTTPCTRL
#include <faust/gui/httpdUI.h>
#endif

#include <QWidget>
#include <QList>
#include <QtAlgorithms>
#include <QX11Info>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>

#line 2438 "faustvst.cpp"

std::list<GUI*> GUI::fGuiList;
ztimedmap GUI::gTimedZoneMap;

/* Define this to get debugging output from the Qt-related code, or add the
 corresponding option to the qmake project options in the faust2faustvstqt
 script to achieve the same effect. Setting this to a value >1 will give
 even more extensive debugging output. Using a zero value or commenting the
 following line makes sure that no qDebug calls are included in the code at
 all. -ag */
//#define FAUSTQT_DEBUG 1

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::VSTQtGUI
 * - initializations that need to be done when creating an editor object
 *   (make sure that the QApplication is initialized if needed)
 * @param effect
 */
VSTQtGUI::VSTQtGUI(VSTWrapper* effect) : effect(effect),
widget(NULL), uidsp(NULL),
#ifdef OSCCTRL
oscinterface(NULL),
#endif
#ifdef HTTPCTRL
httpdinterface(NULL),
#endif
qtinterface(NULL)
{
    static int argc = 0;
    static char* argv[1] = {0};
    if(qApp) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
        qDebug() << "qApp already exists";
#endif
    } else {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
        qDebug() << "qApp is created!";
#endif
        new QApplication(argc, argv);
    }
    
    int n_controls = effect->getNumControls();
    // instruments can have up to 2 controls more (poly+tuning)
    if (effect->getMaxVoices()>0) n_controls += 2;
    // this array is used to keep track of the current status of control values;
    // GUI controls are only set if the value has changed
    control_values = (float*)calloc(n_controls, sizeof(float));
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
    qDebug() << "qApp=" << qApp;
    static bool first_time = false;
    if (!first_time) {
        first_time = true;
        qDebug() << "VST host: " << effect->getHostName();
    }
#endif
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::~VSTQtGUI
 * - finalizations that need to be done when destroying an editor object
 */
VSTQtGUI::~VSTQtGUI()
{
    if (control_values) free(control_values);
}

// This is a little wrapper class around QTGUI which takes care of eliminating
// the freq/gain/gate controls of instruments in the user interface when
// running the dsp's buildUserInterface method. It also adds polyphony and
// tuning controls to instruments as needed, and does some other extra
// bookkeeping and on-the-fly modifications that we need. -ag

// AG XXXFIXME: This is more complicated than we'd like it to be, since for
// some unknown reason, the children of a tab widget are listed in reverse
// order (https://bitbucket.org/agraef/faust-lv2/issues/10). Since the GUI
// code assumes that the widgets are in the same order as the Faust control
// elements, we need to construct a mapping that translates between the two.

struct QTGUIElem {
    int i;
    QList<int> p;
    const char *label;
    QTGUIElem(int _i, QList<int> _p, const char *_label) :
    i(_i), p(_p), label(_label)
    {}
};

bool qtguielem_less(const QTGUIElem &x, const QTGUIElem &y)
{
    // Qt4 doesn't define operator< on QLists, so we need to do the
    // lexicographic comparison manually.
    QList<int>::const_iterator i = x.p.begin(), j = y.p.begin();
    for (; i != x.p.end() && j != y.p.end(); ++i, ++j) {
        if (*i < *j)
            return true;
        else if (*i > *j)
            return false;
    }
    return j != y.p.end();
}

class QTGUIWrapper : public UI
{
protected:
    bool is_instr;
    QTGUI *ui;
    QList<int> path;
    QList<QTGUIElem> elems;
    int level, maxvoices, numtunings;
    float *voices_zone, *tuning_zone;
    bool have_freq, have_gain, have_gate;
    bool is_voice_ctrl(const char *label)
    {
        if (!is_instr)
            return false;
        else if (!have_freq && !strcmp(label, "freq"))
            return (have_freq = true);
        else if (!have_gain && !strcmp(label, "gain"))
            return (have_gain = true);
        else if (!have_gate && !strcmp(label, "gate"))
            return (have_gate = true);
        else
            return false;
    }
public:
    int *elem_no;
    int nelems;
    QTGUIWrapper(QTGUI *_ui, int _maxvoices, int _numtunings,
                 float *_voices_zone, float *_tuning_zone) :
    is_instr(_maxvoices>0), ui(_ui), level(0),
    maxvoices(_maxvoices), numtunings(_numtunings),
    voices_zone(_voices_zone), tuning_zone(_tuning_zone),
    have_freq(false), have_gain(false), have_gate(false),
    elem_no(0), nelems(0)
    {}
    virtual ~QTGUIWrapper() {}
    
    // -- widget's layouts
    virtual void openTabBox(const char* label)
    { ui->openTabBox(label); level++; path.append(-1); }
    virtual void openHorizontalBox(const char* label)
    { ui->openHorizontalBox(label); level++; path.append(0); }
    virtual void openVerticalBox(const char* label)
    { ui->openVerticalBox(label); level++; path.append(0); }
    virtual void closeBox()
    {
        if (--level == 0) {
#if VOICE_CTRLS
            if (is_instr) {
                // Add polyphony and tuning controls (experimental).
                ui->addHorizontalSlider("polyphony", voices_zone,
                                        maxvoices/2, 0, maxvoices, 1);
                addElem("Polyphony");
#if FAUST_MTS
                if (numtunings>0)
                    ui->addHorizontalSlider("tuning", tuning_zone, 0, 0, numtunings, 1);
                addElem("Tuning");
#endif
            }
#endif
            // AG: Create an index of all the GUI elements in the right order.
            // XXXFIXME: This may need to be revisited if Qt or Faust changes the
            // order for some reason.
            qSort(elems.begin(), elems.end(), qtguielem_less);
            elem_no = new int[nelems];
            nelems = 0;
            for (QList<QTGUIElem>::iterator x = elems.begin(); x != elems.end();
                 ++x, ++nelems) {
                elem_no[nelems] = x->i;
#if 0
                fprintf(stderr, "%s (#%d):", x->label, x->i);
                for (QList<int>::iterator i = x->p.begin(); i != x->p.end(); ++i) {
                    fprintf(stderr, " %d", *i);
                }
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
            }
        }
        path.pop_back();
        if (!path.empty()) {
            if (path.last() < 0)
                path.last()--;
            else
                path.last()++;
        }
        ui->closeBox();
    }
    
    void addElem(const char *label)
    {
        elems.append(QTGUIElem(nelems++, path, label));
        assert(!path.empty());
        if (path.last() < 0)
            path.last()--;
        else
            path.last()++;
    }
    
    // -- active widgets
    virtual void addButton(const char* label, FAUSTFLOAT* zone)
    {
        if (!is_voice_ctrl(label)) {
            ui->addButton(label, zone);
            addElem(label);
        }
    }
    virtual void addCheckButton(const char* label, FAUSTFLOAT* zone)
    {
        if (!is_voice_ctrl(label)) {
            ui->addCheckButton(label, zone);
            addElem(label);
        }
    }
    virtual void addVerticalSlider(const char* label, FAUSTFLOAT* zone,
                                   FAUSTFLOAT init, FAUSTFLOAT min,
                                   FAUSTFLOAT max, FAUSTFLOAT step)
    {
        if (!is_voice_ctrl(label)) {
            ui->addVerticalSlider(label, zone, init, min, max, step);
            addElem(label);
        }
    }
    virtual void addHorizontalSlider(const char* label, FAUSTFLOAT* zone,
                                     FAUSTFLOAT init, FAUSTFLOAT min,
                                     FAUSTFLOAT max, FAUSTFLOAT step)
    {
        if (!is_voice_ctrl(label)) {
            ui->addHorizontalSlider(label, zone, init, min, max, step);
            addElem(label);
        }
    }
    virtual void addNumEntry(const char* label, FAUSTFLOAT* zone,
                             FAUSTFLOAT init, FAUSTFLOAT min,
                             FAUSTFLOAT max, FAUSTFLOAT step)
    {
        if (!is_voice_ctrl(label)) {
            ui->addNumEntry(label, zone, init, min, max, step);
            addElem(label);
        }
    }
    
    // -- passive widgets
    virtual void addHorizontalBargraph(const char* label, FAUSTFLOAT* zone,
                                       FAUSTFLOAT min, FAUSTFLOAT max)
    {
        ui->addHorizontalBargraph(label, zone, min, max);
        addElem(label);
    }
    virtual void addVerticalBargraph(const char* label, FAUSTFLOAT* zone,
                                     FAUSTFLOAT min, FAUSTFLOAT max)
    {
        ui->addVerticalBargraph(label, zone, min, max);
        addElem(label);
    }
    
    virtual void addSoundfile(const char* label, const char* filename, Soundfile** sf_zone) {}
    
    virtual void declare(FAUSTFLOAT* zone, const char* key, const char* val)
    {
        // XXXFIXME: Faust's Qt GUI implementation handles [scale:log] and similar
        // meta data affecting the scaling of slider data, but this isn't
        // supported in the current faust-vst implementation, so we just ignore
        // this meta data for now.
        if (strcmp(key, "scale")) ui->declare(zone, key, val);
    }
    
};

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::open
 * - method to open the plug-in GUI
 * - the GUI is generated through QTUI.h (QTGUI() class)
 * - communication between GUI elements and the corresponding VST parameters
 *   is realized using Qt's signal-slot mechanism
 * @param ptr
 * @return
 */
bool VSTQtGUI::open(void *ptr)
{
    static int argc = 0;
    static char* argv[1] = {0};
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
    qDebug() << "open editor: " << ptr;
#endif
    AEffEditor::open(ptr);
    
    widget = new QScrollArea();
    widget->setWidgetResizable(true);
    qtinterface = new QTGUI(widget);
    widget->setWidget(qtinterface);
    
    mydsp* dsp = new mydsp();
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
    qDebug() << "open interface: " << qtinterface;
#endif
    // We build the QTGUI indirectly through QTGUIWrapper whose sole purpose is
    // to eliminate the voice controls in case of an instrument plugin.
    QTGUIWrapper qtwrapper(qtinterface,
                           effect->getMaxVoices(), effect->getNumTunings(),
                           &voices_zone, &tuning_zone);
    dsp->buildUserInterface(&qtwrapper);
    
    // AG: Initialize the Qt GUI -> Faust UI mapping (see the explanation under
    // QTGUIWrapper above).
    effect->n_params = qtwrapper.nelems;
    effect->param_no = qtwrapper.elem_no;
    effect->control_no = new int[qtwrapper.nelems];
    for (int i = 0; i < qtwrapper.nelems; i++)
        effect->control_no[effect->param_no[i]] = i;
#if 0
    for (int i = 0; i < effect->n_params; i++)
        fprintf(stderr, "QT->LV2 %d -> %d\n", i, effect->param_no[i]);
    for (int i = 0; i < effect->n_params; i++)
        fprintf(stderr, "LV2->QT %d -> %d\n", i, effect->control_no[i]);
#endif
    
    // HTTPD and OSC support (experimental)
#ifdef HTTPCTRL
    httpdinterface = new httpdUI(VSTPlugin::pluginName(),
                                 dsp->getNumInputs(), dsp->getNumOutputs(),
                                 argc, argv);
    dsp->buildUserInterface(httpdinterface);
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
    qDebug() << "HTTPD is on";
#endif
#endif
    
#ifdef OSCCTRL
    oscinterface = new OSCUI(VSTPlugin::pluginName(), argc, argv);
    dsp->buildUserInterface(oscinterface);
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
    qDebug() << "OSC is on";
#endif
#endif
    
    // update the size of the QTGUI after creating the GUI elements
    qtinterface->adjustSize();
    
    // the dimensions of the plug-in window must not exceed screenGeometry
    // (-80 pixel tolerance)
    int desktopHeight = QApplication::desktop()->screenGeometry().height()-80;
    int desktopWidth  = QApplication::desktop()->screenGeometry().width()-80;
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "desktop-height: " <<
    QApplication::desktop()->screenGeometry().height();
    qDebug() << "desktop-width: "  <<
    QApplication::desktop()->screenGeometry().width();
#endif
    
    // determine the window size
    rectangle.top    = 0;
    rectangle.left   = 0;
    // the height of the plug-in GUI must not exceed the desktop resolution
    if(qtinterface->height() > desktopHeight)
        rectangle.bottom = desktopHeight;
    else // add 20 pixels for scroll bars
        rectangle.bottom = qtinterface->height()+20;
    // the width of the plug-in GUI must not exceed the desktop resolution
    if(qtinterface->width() > desktopWidth)
        rectangle.right  = desktopWidth;
    else // add 20 pixels for scroll bars
        rectangle.right  = qtinterface->width()+20;
    
    // adjust the widget size
    widget->resize(rectangle.right, rectangle.bottom);
    // some hosts (e.g., Qtractor) need this to properly adjust the window size
    effect->sizeWindow(rectangle.right, rectangle.bottom);
    
    // determine all children of qtinterface of type QObject*
    QList<QObject*> allObjects = qtinterface->findChildren<QObject*>();
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "QObjects total count: " << allObjects.count();
#endif
    
    int vstParamCount = 0;
    
    bool vBargraphChecked = true; // used in HorizontalBargraph search
    QObject* lastObject;          // used in addNumDisplay check
    
    for (QList<QObject*>::iterator i = allObjects.begin(); i != allObjects.end();
         ++i) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
        qDebug("");
        // debugging output: class name of found object
        qDebug() << "QObject: " << (*i)->metaObject()->className();
        qDebug() << "VST parameter assigned: " << vstParamCount;
#endif
        
        // Slider
        QSlider* slider = qobject_cast<QSlider*>(*i);
        if (slider) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
            qDebug("found slider!");
#endif
            slider->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
            QList<QObject*> c; c.append(slider);
            controls.append(c);
            
            connect(slider, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), this, SLOT(updateVST()),
                    Qt::QueuedConnection);
            updateQTGUI(slider, effect->getParameter(vstParamCount));
            
            vstParamCount++;
        }
        
        // Knob
        QDial* dial = qobject_cast<QDial*>(*i);
        if (dial) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
            qDebug("found knob!");
#endif
            dial->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
            QList<QObject*> c; c.append(dial);
            controls.append(c);
            
            connect(dial, SIGNAL(valueChanged(int)), this, SLOT(updateVST()),
                    Qt::QueuedConnection);
            updateQTGUI(dial, effect->getParameter(vstParamCount));
            
            vstParamCount++;
        }
        
        // Button
        QPushButton* button = qobject_cast<QPushButton*>(*i);
        if (button) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
            qDebug("found button!");
#endif
            button->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
            QList<QObject*> c; c.append(button);
            controls.append(c);
            
            connect(button, SIGNAL(pressed()), this,
                    SLOT(updateVST_buttonPressed()), Qt::QueuedConnection);
            connect(button, SIGNAL(released()), this,
                    SLOT(updateVST_buttonReleased()), Qt::QueuedConnection);
            
            // button is released when GUI opens
            effect->setParameter(vstParamCount, 0.0f);
            control_values[vstParamCount] = 0.0f;
            
            vstParamCount++;
        }
        
        // NumDisplay (list) / NumEntry / numerical HorizontalBargraph
        QDoubleSpinBox* num = qobject_cast<QDoubleSpinBox*>(*i);
        if (num) {
            // ignore QDoubleSpinBox with NoButtons, as it's not a list but
            // a NumDisplay
            if(num->buttonSymbols() != QAbstractSpinBox::NoButtons) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
                qDebug("found list!");
#endif
                num->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
                QList<QObject*> c; c.append(num);
                controls.append(c);
                
                connect(num, SIGNAL(valueChanged(double)), this, SLOT(updateVST()),
                        Qt::QueuedConnection);
                
                updateQTGUI(num, effect->getParameter(vstParamCount));
                
                vstParamCount++;
                
                // if previous control is passive and vBargraphChecked==false:
                // found NumDisplay of VerticalBargraphs
                // this is always called if we found a vBargraph in the previous
                // iteration
            } else if(effect->isPassiveControl(vstParamCount-1)==1
                      && !vBargraphChecked) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
                qDebug("found numDisplay!");
#endif
                num->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount-1);
                controls[vstParamCount-1].append(num);
                passive_controls.append(num);
                
                // the corresponding display of the vBargraphs is now set
                vBargraphChecked = true;
            } else if(vstParamCount < effect->n_params &&
                      effect->isPassiveControl(vstParamCount)==2
                      && vBargraphChecked) {
                QAbstractSlider* sliderOrKnob =
                qobject_cast<QAbstractSlider*>(lastObject);
                // only if the previously found QObject is neither slider nor
                // knob
                if(!sliderOrKnob) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
                    qDebug("found horizontal bargraph with numerical style!");
#endif
                    num->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
                    QList<QObject*> c; c.append(num);
                    controls.append(c);
                    passive_controls.append(num);
                    control_values[vstParamCount] = effect->getMinimum(vstParamCount);
                    
                    vstParamCount++;
                }
            }
        }
        
        // CheckBox
        QCheckBox* checkBox = qobject_cast<QCheckBox*>(*i);
        if (checkBox) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
            qDebug("found checkbox!");
#endif
            checkBox->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
            QList<QObject*> c; c.append(checkBox);
            controls.append(c);
            
            connect(checkBox, SIGNAL(stateChanged(int)), this,
                    SLOT(updateVST_checkBox()), Qt::QueuedConnection);
            
            // if the VST parameter of the checkbox is less than 0.5 then the
            // checkbox is unchecked
            updateQTGUI(checkBox, effect->getParameter(vstParamCount));
            
            vstParamCount++;
        }
        
        // Bargraph
        AbstractDisplay* bargraph = dynamic_cast<AbstractDisplay*>(*i);
        if (bargraph) {
            if(effect->isPassiveControl(vstParamCount)==1) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
                qDebug("found vertical bargraph!");
#endif
                vBargraphChecked = false;
            }
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
            else
                qDebug("found horizontal bargraph!");
#endif
            
            bargraph->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
            //led->setProperty("elemType", "led");
            QList<QObject*> c; c.append(bargraph);
            controls.append(c);
            passive_controls.append(bargraph);
            control_values[vstParamCount] = effect->getMinimum(vstParamCount);
            
            vstParamCount++;
        }
        
        // Radiobuttons
        uiRadioButtons* uiRadio = dynamic_cast<uiRadioButtons*>(*i);
        if (uiRadio) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
            qDebug("found radio buttons!");
#endif
            
            QList<QRadioButton*> radiobuttons =
            uiRadio->findChildren<QRadioButton*>();
            
            int radioCount = 0;
            QList<QObject*> c;
            // iterate over all radio buttons in this group
            for (QList<QRadioButton*>::iterator r = radiobuttons.begin();
                 r != radiobuttons.end(); ++r) {
                float minimum = effect->getMinimum(vstParamCount);
                float maximum = effect->getMaximum(vstParamCount);
                float step = effect->getStep(vstParamCount);
                // set all properties needed for updateVST()
                (*r)->setProperty("value", radioCount);
                (*r)->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
                (*r)->setProperty("minimum", minimum);
                (*r)->setProperty("maximum", maximum);
                (*r)->setProperty("singleStep", step);
                connect((*r), SIGNAL(clicked(bool)), this, SLOT(updateVST()),
                        Qt::QueuedConnection);
                
                // set the proper radio button as "clicked" when the GUI opens
                updateQTGUI(*r, effect->getParameter(vstParamCount));
                c.append(*r);
                radioCount++;
            }
            controls.append(c);
            vstParamCount++;
        }
        
        // Menu
        uiMenu* menu = dynamic_cast<uiMenu*>(*i);
        if (menu) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
            qDebug("found menu!");
#endif
            
            float minimum = effect->getMinimum(vstParamCount);
            float maximum = effect->getMaximum(vstParamCount);
            float step = effect->getStep(vstParamCount);
            
            menu->setProperty("vstParam", vstParamCount);
            menu->setProperty("minimum", minimum);
            menu->setProperty("maximum", maximum);
            menu->setProperty("singleStep", step);
            QList<QObject*> c; c.append(menu);
            controls.append(c);
            
            connect(menu, SIGNAL(activated(int)), this, SLOT(updateVST()),
                    Qt::QueuedConnection);
            
            updateQTGUI(menu, effect->getParameter(vstParamCount));
            
            vstParamCount++;
        }
        // save the QObject of this iteration
        lastObject = (*i);
    }
    
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "VST parameters assigned: " << vstParamCount;
#endif
    
#ifdef HTTPCTRL
    httpdinterface->run();
#ifdef QRCODECTRL
    // FIXME: This will pop up each time the GUI is opened. We should maybe have
    // a little button in the GUI somewhere so that the user can show the QR
    // code when needed.
    qtinterface->displayQRCode(httpdinterface->getTCPPort());
#endif
#endif
    
#ifdef OSCCTRL
    oscinterface->run();
#endif
    
    qtinterface->run();
    
    // The STYLE symbol is set during compilation when using the -style option
    // of the faust2faustvst script or the corresponding options in the
    // Makefile. You can also set this manually if needed, but note that the
    // corresponding resource needs to be present in the qmake project (this is
    // taken care of automagically when using the -style option). Otherwise (or
    // if no style was specified) the default style will be used. -ag
#ifdef STYLE
    // set the style sheet for this GUI, if any
    QString styleSheet("");
    // C preprocessor stringify magic to insert the style sheet name
#define __xstr(s) __str(s)
#define __str(s) #s
    QFile file(":/" __xstr(STYLE) ".qss");
    if (file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text)) {
        styleSheet = QLatin1String(file.readAll());
        file.close();
    }
    widget->setStyleSheet(styleSheet);
#endif
    
    // embed the plug-in widget into the window provided by the host
    Display* display = QX11Info::display();
    XReparentWindow(display, widget->winId(), WId(ptr), 0, 0);
    XMapWindow(display, WId(ptr));
    XFlush(display);
    
    widget->show();
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "Number of controls: " << controls.size();
    qDebug() << "Number of passive controls: " << passive_controls.size();
#endif
    
    uidsp = dsp;
    return true;
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::idle
 * - idle() is called repeatedly at some time interval determined by the host
 *   to process any pending GUI events
 * - it also updates control elements in the GUI as needed
 */
void VSTQtGUI::idle()
{
    if (qApp) {
        QApplication::processEvents();
        for (int i = 0; i < controls.size(); ++i) {
            float val = effect->getParameter(i);
            if (!controls[i].empty() && control_values[i] != val) {
                if (effect->isPassiveControl(i)) {
                    for (QList<QObject*>::iterator it = controls[i].begin();
                         it != controls[i].end(); ++it)
                        updatePassiveControl(*it, val);
                } else {
                    for (QList<QObject*>::iterator it = controls[i].begin();
                         it != controls[i].end(); ++it)
                        updateQTGUI(*it, val, false);
                }
                control_values[i] = val;
            }
        }
    }
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
    else
        qDebug("qApp ERROR! QApplication doesn't exist!");
#endif
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::close
 * - when closing the plugin GUI, all GUI elements are destroyed and the
 *   controls and passive_controls vectors are cleared
 */
void VSTQtGUI::close()
{
#ifdef HTTPCTRL
    httpdinterface->stop();
    delete httpdinterface;
    httpdinterface = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef OSCCTRL
    oscinterface->stop();
    delete oscinterface;
    oscinterface = NULL;
#endif
    qtinterface->stop();
    delete qtinterface;
    qtinterface = NULL;
    delete widget;
    widget = NULL;
    mydsp* dsp = (mydsp*)uidsp;
    delete dsp;
    dsp = NULL;
    controls.clear();
    passive_controls.clear();
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG
    qDebug("close editor");
#endif
    AEffEditor::close();
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::getRect
 * - required pointer "rect" to determine the size of the plug-in window
 * @param rect
 * @return
 */
bool VSTQtGUI::getRect (ERect** rect)
{
    *rect = &rectangle;
    return true;
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::valueToVST
 * - converts a value from the Faust to the VST representation
 * @param value
 * @param minimum
 * @param maximum
 * @return
 */
float VSTQtGUI::valueToVST(double value, double minimum,
                           double maximum)
{
    float newFloat = 0.f;
    if(minimum==maximum)
        return newFloat;
    else {
        newFloat = (value-minimum) / (maximum-minimum);
        return newFloat;
    }
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::updateQTGUI
 * - method to update a GUI element
 * - called for GUI elements in the open() and idle() methods
 * - VST values are converted to Faust ranges to determine the position of
 *   sliders, knobs, etc.
 * @param object
 * @param value
 */
void VSTQtGUI::updateQTGUI(QObject* object, float value, bool init)
{
    const double eps = 1e-5;
    double minimum, maximum, step, newValue;
    char* valueChar;
    
    if (init) {
        int vstParam = object->property("vstParam").toInt();
        control_values[vstParam] = value;
    }
    
    // checkboxes and radio buttons need special treatment
    QCheckBox* checkBox = qobject_cast<QCheckBox*>(object);
    if (checkBox) {
        if (value < 0.5f)
            checkBox->setChecked(false);
        else
            checkBox->setChecked(true);
        return;
    }
    
    minimum = object->property("minimum").toDouble();
    maximum = object->property("maximum").toDouble();
    step    = object->property("singleStep").toDouble();
    
    QRadioButton* radioBut = qobject_cast<QRadioButton*>(object);
    if (radioBut) {
        int radioVal = radioBut->property("value").toInt();
        float val = valueToVST(radioVal, minimum, maximum);
        if (fabs(val-value)/(1+fabs(maximum-minimum)) < eps)
            radioBut->click();
        return;
    }
    
    if (QString(object->metaObject()->className())=="uiMenu")
        valueChar = "currentIndex";
    else
        valueChar = "value";
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    int vstParam = object->property("vstParam").toInt();
    qDebug() << "QTGUI: vstParam: " << vstParam;
    qDebug() << "QTGUI: VST value: " << value;
    qDebug() << "QTGUI: old Qt value: "
	   << object->property(valueChar).toDouble();
#endif
    
    newValue = (minimum==maximum)?minimum : minimum+quantize(value*
                                                             (maximum-minimum), step);
    
    if (fabs(newValue) < fabs(step) ||
        fabs(newValue)/fabs(maximum-minimum) < eps)
        newValue = 0.0;
    
    // set new value with setProperty("value",..), as setValue() is not
    // defined for QObject
    object->setProperty(valueChar, newValue);
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "QTGUI: new Qt value: "
	   << object->property(valueChar).toDouble();
#endif
    uiMenu* menu = dynamic_cast<uiMenu*>(object);
    if (menu) menu->updateZone(0); // updates the currentIndex
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::updatePassiveControl
 * - method to update the passive control elements (bargraphs)
 * - called in idle()
 * @param object
 */
void VSTQtGUI::updatePassiveControl(QObject* object, float value)
{
    int vstParam = object->property("vstParam").toInt();
    float minimum  = effect->getMinimum(vstParam);
    float maximum  = effect->getMaximum(vstParam);
    
    // convert the VST value back to the corresponding Faust value
    float fValue = value*maximum - value*minimum + minimum;
    
    AbstractDisplay* bargraph  = dynamic_cast<AbstractDisplay*>(object);
    QDoubleSpinBox* numDisplay = dynamic_cast<QDoubleSpinBox*>(object);
    
    if(bargraph)
        bargraph->setValue(fValue);
    else if(numDisplay)
        numDisplay->setValue(fValue);
}

/***********************
 *******  Slots ********
 ***********************/

// The slots are called in response to interactive changes of a GUI element
// (e.g., slider movements). Here we update the corresponding VST parameters.

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::updateVST_buttonPressed
 * - slot for pressing a button object
 */
void VSTQtGUI::updateVST_buttonPressed()
{
    int vstParam = QObject::sender()->property("vstParam").toInt();
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "VST: vstParam: " << vstParam;
    qDebug() << "VST: button pressed";
#endif
    effect->setParameter(vstParam, 1.0f);
    control_values[vstParam] = 1.0f;
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::updateVST_buttonReleased
 * - slot for releasing a button object
 */
void VSTQtGUI::updateVST_buttonReleased()
{
    int vstParam = QObject::sender()->property("vstParam").toInt();
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "VST: vstParam: " << vstParam;
    qDebug() << "VST: button released";
#endif
    effect->setParameter(vstParam, 0.0f);
    control_values[vstParam] = 0.0f;
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::updateVST_checkBox
 * - slot for check boxes
 */
void VSTQtGUI::updateVST_checkBox()
{
    int vstParam = QObject::sender()->property("vstParam").toInt();
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "VST: vstParam: " << vstParam;
#endif
    
    // if CheckBox == checked
    if(QObject::sender()->property("checked").toBool()) {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
        qDebug("checkbox checked");
#endif
        effect->setParameter(vstParam, 1.0f);
        control_values[vstParam] = 1.0f;
    } else {
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
        qDebug("checkbox unchecked");
#endif
        effect->setParameter(vstParam, 0.0f);
        control_values[vstParam] = 0.0f;
    }
}

/**
 * @brief VSTQtGUI::updateVST
 * - slot for all other active control elements (sliders, knobs, menus, radio
 *   buttons etc.)
 */
void VSTQtGUI::updateVST()
{
    double value, minimum, maximum, step;
    int vstParam;
    
    // for uiMenu we have the property "currentIndex" instead of the property
    // "value"
    if (QString(QObject::sender()->metaObject()->className())=="uiMenu")
        value = QObject::sender()->property("currentIndex").toDouble();
    else
        value = QObject::sender()->property("value").toDouble();
    vstParam  = QObject::sender()->property("vstParam").toInt();
    minimum   = QObject::sender()->property("minimum").toDouble();
    maximum   = QObject::sender()->property("maximum").toDouble();
    step      = QObject::sender()->property("singleStep").toDouble();
    
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "VST: vstParam: "       << vstParam;
    char text[32];
    effect->getParameterName(vstParam, text);
    qDebug() << "VST: label: "          << text;
    qDebug() << "VST: min: "            << minimum;
    qDebug() << "VST: max: "            << maximum;
    qDebug() << "VST: step: "           << step;
    qDebug() << "VST: new Qt value: "   << value;
    qDebug() << "VST: old VST value: "  << effect->getParameter(vstParam);
#endif
    
    float newFloat = valueToVST(value, minimum, maximum);
    effect->setParameter(vstParam, newFloat);
    control_values[vstParam] = newFloat;
#if FAUSTQT_DEBUG>1
    qDebug() << "VST: new VST value: " << effect->getParameter(vstParam);
#endif
#if VOICE_CTRLS
    if (vstParam >= effect->getNumControls()) {
        // Extra polyphony and tuning controls. Generate some informative tooltips
        // for these so that the user understands the meaning of these values.
        QWidget *widget = qobject_cast<QWidget*>(QObject::sender());
        char text[32];
        effect->getParameterDisplay(vstParam, text);
        widget->setToolTip(text);
        // Also make sure that we trigger a host GUI update for changes in the
        // tuning control here, since this isn't done elsewhere.
        if (vstParam > effect->getNumControls())
            effect->updateDisplay();
    }
#endif
}

#endif // FAUST_UI