diff --git a/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts b/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts
index f36ce3e642..bf26542b81 100644
--- a/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts
+++ b/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/submission-pub.service.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ import { Span, TraceService } from 'nestjs-otel'
 import {
   EXCHANGE,
   JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE,
+  MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH,
+  MESSAGE_PRIORITY_LOW,
+  MESSAGE_PRIORITY_MIDDLE,
   RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE,
   SUBMISSION_KEY,
   USER_TESTCASE_MESSAGE_TYPE
@@ -78,12 +81,52 @@ export class SubmissionPublicationService {
     await this.amqpConnection.publish(EXCHANGE, SUBMISSION_KEY, judgeRequest, {
       messageId: String(submission.id),
       persistent: true,
-      type: isTest
-        ? RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE
-        : isUserTest
-          ? USER_TESTCASE_MESSAGE_TYPE
-          : JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE
+      type: this.calculateMessageType(isTest, isUserTest),
+      priority: this.calculateMessagePriority(isTest, isUserTest)
     })
     span.end()
   }
+
+  /**
+   * 채점 요청 메세지의 타입을 계산하여 반환
+   *
+   * - RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE: 오픈 테스트 케이스 실행
+   * - USER_TESTCASE_MESSAGE_TYPE: 사용자 정의 테스트 케이스 실행
+   * - JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE: 제출
+   *
+   * @param isTest - 테스트 제출 여부
+   * @param isUserTest - 사용자 정의 테스트 케이스 제출 여부
+   */
+  private calculateMessageType(isTest: boolean, isUserTest: boolean) {
+    if (isTest) return RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE
+    if (isUserTest) return USER_TESTCASE_MESSAGE_TYPE
+    return JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 채점 요청 메세지의 우선순위를 계산하여 반환
+   *
+   * 우선순위 (0 ~ 3, 클 수록 우선순위 높음)
+   *
+   * - JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE: 3
+   * - RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE: 2
+   * - USER_TESTCASE_MESSAGE_TYPE: 2
+   * - DEFAULT: 1
+   *
+   * @param isTest - 테스트 제출 여부
+   * @param isUserTest - 사용자 정의 테스트 케이스 제출 여부
+   */
+  private calculateMessagePriority(isTest: boolean, isUserTest: boolean) {
+    const msgType = this.calculateMessageType(isTest, isUserTest)
+
+    switch (msgType) {
+      case JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE:
+        return MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH
+      case RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE:
+      case USER_TESTCASE_MESSAGE_TYPE:
+        return MESSAGE_PRIORITY_MIDDLE
+      default:
+        return MESSAGE_PRIORITY_LOW
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/test/submission-pub.service.spec.ts b/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/test/submission-pub.service.spec.ts
index 943f611c3e..471e0b6482 100644
--- a/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/test/submission-pub.service.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/backend/apps/client/src/submission/test/submission-pub.service.spec.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import * as sinon from 'sinon'
 import {
   EXCHANGE,
   JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE,
+  MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH,
+  MESSAGE_PRIORITY_MIDDLE,
   RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE,
   SUBMISSION_KEY
 } from '@libs/constants'
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@ describe('SubmissionPublicationService', () => {
         amqpSpy.calledOnceWith(EXCHANGE, SUBMISSION_KEY, judgeRequest, {
           messageId: String(submission.id),
           persistent: true,
-          type: JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE
+          type: JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE,
+          priority: MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH
         })
       ).to.be.true
     })
@@ -143,7 +146,8 @@ describe('SubmissionPublicationService', () => {
         amqpSpy.calledOnceWith(EXCHANGE, SUBMISSION_KEY, judgeRequest, {
           messageId: String(submission.id),
           persistent: true,
-          type: RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE
+          type: RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE,
+          priority: MESSAGE_PRIORITY_MIDDLE
         })
       ).to.be.true
     })
diff --git a/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts b/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts
index 671f68d23f..0f5b584a15 100644
--- a/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts
+++ b/apps/backend/libs/constants/src/rabbitmq.constants.ts
@@ -13,3 +13,10 @@ export const ORIGIN_HANDLER_NAME = 'codedang-handler'
 export const JUDGE_MESSAGE_TYPE = 'judge'
 export const RUN_MESSAGE_TYPE = 'run'
 export const USER_TESTCASE_MESSAGE_TYPE = 'userTestCase'
+
+/**
+ * 채점 요청 메세지 우선순위
+ */
+export const MESSAGE_PRIORITY_HIGH = 3
+export const MESSAGE_PRIORITY_MIDDLE = 2
+export const MESSAGE_PRIORITY_LOW = 1
diff --git a/apps/infra/production/codedang/message_queue.tf b/apps/infra/production/codedang/message_queue.tf
index ccde86bbf6..a04b1495fd 100644
--- a/apps/infra/production/codedang/message_queue.tf
+++ b/apps/infra/production/codedang/message_queue.tf
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ resource "rabbitmq_queue" "submission_queue" {
   vhost = rabbitmq_permissions.vh_perm.vhost
 
   settings {
-    durable = true
+    durable        = true
+    arguments_json = var.rabbitmq_arguments
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/infra/production/codedang/variables.tf b/apps/infra/production/codedang/variables.tf
index 24c7e3799c..122b5fe73e 100644
--- a/apps/infra/production/codedang/variables.tf
+++ b/apps/infra/production/codedang/variables.tf
@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ variable "rabbitmq_port" {
   sensitive = true
 }
 
+variable "rabbitmq_arguments" {
+  default = <<EOF
+{
+  "x-max-priority": 3
+}
+EOF
+}
+
 # TODO: description 넣고 공통부분은 object로 처리
 variable "public_subnet1" { sensitive = true }
 variable "public_subnet2" { sensitive = true }
diff --git a/apps/infra/rc/codedang/message_queue.tf b/apps/infra/rc/codedang/message_queue.tf
index 0a9ed314d8..29aafad4b6 100644
--- a/apps/infra/rc/codedang/message_queue.tf
+++ b/apps/infra/rc/codedang/message_queue.tf
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ resource "rabbitmq_queue" "submission_queue" {
   vhost = rabbitmq_permissions.vh_perm.vhost
 
   settings {
-    durable = true
+    durable        = true
+    arguments_json = var.rabbitmq_arguments
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/apps/infra/rc/codedang/variables.tf b/apps/infra/rc/codedang/variables.tf
index 5034325c96..5bd7346536 100644
--- a/apps/infra/rc/codedang/variables.tf
+++ b/apps/infra/rc/codedang/variables.tf
@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ variable "rabbitmq_port" {
   sensitive = true
 }
 
+variable "rabbitmq_arguments" {
+  default = <<EOF
+{
+  "x-max-priority": 3
+}
+EOF
+}
+
 # TODO: description 넣고 공통부분은 object로 처리
 variable "redis_port" { sensitive = true }
 variable "jwt_secret" { sensitive = true }
diff --git a/scripts/setup.sh b/scripts/setup.sh
index 14d323776f..b4dbd0131c 100755
--- a/scripts/setup.sh
+++ b/scripts/setup.sh
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ rabbitmqadmin -H $RABBITMQ_HOST -u $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER -p $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_P
 rabbitmqadmin -H $RABBITMQ_HOST -u $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER -p $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS -V $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST \
   declare queue name="$JUDGE_RESULT_QUEUE_NAME" durable=true
 rabbitmqadmin -H $RABBITMQ_HOST -u $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER -p $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS -V $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST \
-  declare queue name="$JUDGE_SUBMISSION_QUEUE_NAME" durable=true
+  declare queue name="$JUDGE_SUBMISSION_QUEUE_NAME" durable=true arguments='{"x-max-priority": 3}'
 
 # Make bindings
 rabbitmqadmin -H $RABBITMQ_HOST -u $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER -p $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS -V $RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST \