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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- 2023-08-28 Mon 13:54 -->
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Comparison of Common Lisp Testing Frameworks (28 Aug 2023 Edition)</title>
<meta name="author" content="Sabra Crolleton" />
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<div id="content" class="content">
<header>
<h1 class="title">Comparison of Common Lisp Testing Frameworks (28 Aug 2023 Edition)</h1>
</header><nav id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0d40883">1. Changelog</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd6b6d6a">2. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9075133">3. Testing Libraries Considered</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orga8163fb">3.1. Testing Frameworks</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6f84dce">3.2. Speciality Libaries</a></li>
<li><a href="#org588604f">3.3. Helper Libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3428abb">3.4. Dependencies</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org65c6197">4. Quick Summary</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0b96a11">4.1. Opinionated Awards</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3ef9946">4.2. Features Considered</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org8ef5d3b">5. Functionality Comparison</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org63d36c5">5.1. Hierarchy Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#org93ec8a0">5.2. Run on compile, funcallable tests</a></li>
<li><a href="#org88db00d">5.3. Fixtures</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc5d010d">5.4. Control over debugging, and user-provided diagnostic messages</a></li>
<li><a href="#org199621d">5.5. Output of Run Functions (other than what is printed to the stream)</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8dc3018">5.6. Progress Reports</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge5595e0">5.7. Skipping, Shuffling and Re-running</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgff54dd2">5.8. Timing Reporting and Time Limits</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd96fb7a">5.9. Dribble and Output Streams</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5ded49f">5.10. Edge Cases: Float Testing, Value Expressions and Closure Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd56e2e4">5.11. Vocabulary - Define and Assert</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4244fd3">5.12. Compatibility and Customizable Assertions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6c2dcce">5.13. Claims Not Tested</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd339c73">6. Assertion Failure Comments</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgefc9a11">6.1. 1am</a></li>
<li><a href="#org47550ed">6.2. 2am</a></li>
<li><a href="#org73b5cc0">6.3. cacau</a></li>
<li><a href="#org05b637c">6.4. clunit and clunit2</a></li>
<li><a href="#org726a21d">6.5. confidence</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3149d13">6.6. fiasco</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9ce11ed">6.7. fiveam</a></li>
<li><a href="#org863bee3">6.8. gigamonkeys</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc56753f">6.9. lift</a></li>
<li><a href="#org44bc47f">6.10. lisp-unit</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1862901">6.11. lisp-unit2</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8b4f838">6.12. parachute</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga22d90a">6.13. ptester</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga39c2f8">6.14. prove</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5489453">6.15. rove</a></li>
<li><a href="#org93b655f">6.16. rt</a></li>
<li><a href="#org96143ac">6.17. should-test</a></li>
<li><a href="#org17d8a7f">6.18. tap-unit-test</a></li>
<li><a href="#org11cb24a">6.19. try</a></li>
<li><a href="#org045796d">6.20. unit-test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org619121f">7. Benchmarking</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0f511f1">7.1. Stack Ranking</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf6ea2cf">7.2. 1am</a></li>
<li><a href="#org78e1db0">7.3. 2am</a></li>
<li><a href="#org07f5d8e">7.4. cacua</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3a04a7b">7.5. cardiogram</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9c00312">7.6. clunit</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7a0fbde">7.7. clunit2</a></li>
<li><a href="#org41a1e14">7.8. confidence</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga43ebaf">7.9. fiasco</a></li>
<li><a href="#org41358a6">7.10. fiveam</a></li>
<li><a href="#org72b41c1">7.11. gigamonkeys</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf221765">7.12. lift</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6239580">7.13. lisp-unit</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb311f35">7.14. list-unit2</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga35489e">7.15. nst</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5086749">7.16. parachute</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9f0d703">7.17. prove</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge7b48d6">7.18. ptester</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge7819ae">7.19. rove</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4696dbd">7.20. rt</a></li>
<li><a href="#org514bbac">7.21. should-test</a></li>
<li><a href="#org076e76f">7.22. tap-unit-test</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7482fd0">7.23. try</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1935264">7.24. unit-test</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0d9405b">7.25. xlunit</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5dd9244">7.26. xptest</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd0de70a">8. Mapping Functions Against Each Other</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orga9e6737">8.1. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8ac3eb3">8.2. Defining or Adding Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="#org86983e5">8.3. Running Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4ed5c81">8.4. Fixture Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org631eb29">8.5. Removing Tests etc</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9b40731">8.6. Suites</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfe0a7f2">8.7. Generators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org14b7e22">9. Generic Usage Example to be Followed for Each Framework Library</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orga01cde6">9.1. Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="#org01b9d1d">9.2. Multiple Values, Variables, Loops and Closures</a></li>
<li><a href="#org99c3c90">9.3. Errors, Conditions and signal handling</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1d97e57">9.4. Suites, tags and other multiple test abilities</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbff13d3">9.5. Random Data Generators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org1f16806">10. 1am</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgc016ba8">10.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3abc5dd">10.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4b947e0">10.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd4594ea">10.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfe3e7df">10.5. Who Uses 1am?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org47b8c5a">11. 2am</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org166fe7f">11.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org787fea8">11.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org44dec18">11.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga06d59b">11.4. Discussion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org5ab0525">12. cacau</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org038493a">12.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org37da8f9">12.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org19a72f6">12.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge67d618">12.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org851bf3c">12.5. Who Uses</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd4c2243">13. cardiogram</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orge26a797">13.1. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org3b6bdbe">14. checkl</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org07ad7b9">14.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5260ef2">14.2. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb2cbdea">14.3. Who Uses Checkl?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org038344f">15. clunit</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org282dc52">15.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga226417">15.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org44b7768">15.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5a30f7a">15.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5e81b1a">15.5. Who Uses</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org0d26a6f">16. clunit2</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org328f434">16.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgeff6327">16.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga0018dd">16.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org68193ab">16.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org77e629c">16.5. Who Uses</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org0175d60">17. com.gigamonkeys.test-framework</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org54b6c03">17.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9a9a8b1">17.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org86abff2">17.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga2d5553">17.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org41da41d">17.5. Who Uses com.gigamonkeys.test-framework</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orge550323">18. Confidence</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org3439f1b">18.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org56e64ec">18.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org161e8e0">18.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org83c28e1">18.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1cc1a46">18.5. Who Uses</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgaa24af1">19. fiasco</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgbece48e">19.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc6824c6">19.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf63b53e">19.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org78945e1">19.4. Additional Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5e445bb">19.5. Who Uses Fiasco</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org0a6725d">20. fiveam</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org305f977">20.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdd94276">20.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org24bdf21">20.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org19dc68e">20.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb5613ed">20.5. Who Uses Fiveam</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org255fd21">21. lift</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org1a9d75e">21.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcd1a66a">21.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org30b20e4">21.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd354e1a">21.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0a0ebe2">21.5. Who Uses Lift</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org4daf436">22. lisp-unit</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org5452b75">22.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge5f3e17">22.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org80bd461">22.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge8d74aa">22.4. Who Uses Lisp-Unit</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgb7a6102">23. lisp-unit2</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org68c178e">23.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9328065">23.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd8d8d37">23.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org64c8054">23.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org524cf6f">23.5. Who Uses Lift-Unit2</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orga673957">24. nst</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgbb2cab5">24.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge0607fa">24.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfb7ec5e">24.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdabfdae">24.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc154835">24.5. Who Uses NST</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org38293ba">25. parachute</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0bba05e">25.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd0706f6">25.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0ff8bf8">25.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5ac7214">25.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd7968f3">25.5. Who uses parachute</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orged61eef">26. prove</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org09de617">26.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org741da33">26.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgce067dd">26.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org417ffc1">26.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6974e61">26.5. Who Uses Prove?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orga620d1c">27. ptester</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org3909fee">27.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga3f2e32">27.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf25ebbe">27.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org544503e">27.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgef68543">27.5. Who depends on ptester?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org1753b57">28. rove</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgce64254">28.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4a92746">28.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org421c77f">28.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org143db17">28.4. Additional Discussion Points</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf6a2252">28.5. Who Uses</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orge9da459">29. rt</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org5c861fe">29.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf58eda5">29.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf1eaf40">29.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org993bffb">29.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb81e001">29.5. Who depends on rt?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgf19dbf4">30. should-test</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgaed3f22">30.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8577667">30.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc96f459">30.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9db590f">30.4. Who Depends on Should-test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgdf60366">31. simplet</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgf441871">31.1. Summary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgead27f9">32. tap-unit-test</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgd6df1ab">32.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf113ef9">32.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0f33495">32.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org52a2816">32.4. Discussion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org75be387">33. try</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org2c76eae">33.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge2bd992">33.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org02ef318">33.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgec59f5f">33.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9d9d4fc">33.5. Who uses try</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org7fdfbce">34. unit-test</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgbe3496a">34.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge363792">34.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1b3579c">34.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb1efd4b">34.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgac5602c">34.5. Who Depends on Unit-Test?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orga937d45">35. xlunit</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org4d7c839">35.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd0123f6">35.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb9e2656">35.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb9036b4">35.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org434e1b8">35.5. Who Depends on XLUnit?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgf58fa6f">36. xptest</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgd644b52">36.1. Summary</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbc6324c">36.2. Assertion Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8a16777">36.3. Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org76b2fd7">36.4. Discussion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org709f381">36.5. Who Depends on xptest?</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgfa405b9">37. Helper Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org466e4c3">37.1. assert-p</a></li>
<li><a href="#org748dac0">37.2. assertion-error</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2f50e49">37.3. check-it</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9f12a54">37.4. cl-fuzz</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4735372">37.5. cl-quickcheck</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgef976fb">37.6. hamcrest</a></li>
<li><a href="#org93d1f31">37.7. mockingbird</a></li>
<li><a href="#org075d7ec">37.8. portch</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge6c7b79">37.9. protest</a></li>
<li><a href="#org19a474a">37.10. rtch</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf717ce3">37.11. testbild</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8e74aa8">37.12. test-utils</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org1699bab">38. Test Coverage Tools</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org2358361">38.1. sb-cover</a></li>
<li><a href="#org90c2771">38.2. CCL code coverage</a></li>
<li><a href="#org22328c8">38.3. cover</a></li>
<li><a href="#org52caa5a">38.4. Source Code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org537c862">39. Appendix</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org7fc6be2">39.1. Problem Space</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb9ca237">39.2. Terminology</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<p border="2" rules="all" frame="border" org-html-table-align-individual-fields="t">
<a id="org75f5097"></a>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-org0d40883" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org0d40883"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Changelog</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
28 Aug 2023 - Picked up Shinmera's name change.
</p>
<p>
14 Aug 2023 - A number of updates for Try
</p>
<p>
18 Feb 2023 - Added a build-up and tear down example for Parachute fixtures.
</p>
<p>
30 Jan 2023 - Updated for some new functionality in Parachute with respect to parent fixtures now being inherited by children and added a useful editor customization.
</p>
<p>
27 Jan 2023 - Adding input from Pierre Neidhardt: adding vocabulary criteria, correcting that Lisp-Unit2 does have progress reports. Adding some additional examples for Parachute and Lisp-Unit2.
</p>
<p>
16 Jan 2023 - Updated adding Confidence and Try and deleting Kaputt. Thank you Michaël Le Barbier for actually doing the work of submitting the proposed pull request for Confidence.
</p>
<p>
2 October 2021 - Updated for changes at the Common Lisp Cookbook on testing. Updated number of issues and pull requests for FiveAM.
</p>
<p>
13 June 2021 - Updated clunit2 on its huge performance improvement update and new edge case abilities to compare multiple values in values expressions and handle variables declared in closures. Clunit2 is now substantially differentiated from clunit.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd6b6d6a" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgd6b6d6a"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Introduction</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
What testing framework should I use? The response should not be X or Y because it is "battle-tested", or "extensible", or "has color coding". Those are just content-free advertising buzzwords. Some webpages which mention different Common Lisp unit test frameworks merely parrot comments from the framework authors without ensuring their veracity.
</p>
<p>
The real response should be to respond, "How do you code?" But even armed with that information, how do you match a testing framework to the user's needs? Common Lisp has a ridiculous number of testing framework libraries.
</p>
<p>
Some past reviews of testing frameworks were done in <a href="http://aperiodic.net/phil/archives/Geekery/notes-on-lisp-testing-frameworks.html">2007</a> and <a href="http://maraist.org/static/work/ILC2010-maraist.pdf">2010 (NST review)</a>. There was also some work in 2012 by the author of <a href="http://tgutu.github.io/clunit/">clunit</a>, which seems to have bitrotten and is now only accessible via the Wayback Machine - <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119060726/http://ml.sun.ac.za/2012/11/09/developing-a-unit-test-framework-part-1/">part 1</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130303062507/http://ml.sun.ac.za/2012/11/09/developing-a-unit-test-framework-part-2/">part 2</a>. I thought it was time for an update. I am open to pull requests on this document for corrections, additions, whatever. See <a href="https://github.com/sabracrolleton/sabracrolleton.github.io">https://github.com/sabracrolleton/sabracrolleton.github.io</a>
</p>
<p>
The best testing framework is context-dependent, and that context includes how you work. As an example, there was an exchange on <a href="https://old.reddit.com/r/common_lisp">r/common_lisp</a> between dzecniv and Shinmera. dzecniv likes Prove more than Parachute because they could run tests just by hitting (C-c) the source. Shinmera pointed out a way you could easily add that to Parachute, but he views compilation and execution as two different things. I'm in Shinmera's camp - I do not want to run the test until I want to run it. At the same time, I want to be clear on terminology. If I understand the context, dzecniv was talking about was what I would call an assertion. In the interest of clear terminology, consider the following pseudocode -
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-lisp">(defsuite s0 <span class="org-comment">; (1)</span>
(deftest t1 <span class="org-comment">; (2)</span>
(<span class="org-warning">assert-true</span> (= 1 1)))) <span class="org-comment">; (3)</span>
</pre>
</div>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>(1)</dt><dd>I call this a suite - it contains one or more tests (or other suites) and hopefully composes the results</dd>
<dt>(2)</dt><dd>I will call this a test - it contains one or more assertions and hopefully composes the results</dd>
<dt>(3)</dt><dd>I will call this an assertion and the <code>assert-true</code> or equivalent as a testing function</dd>
</dl>
<p>
I do not want to run assertions at compile-time, but I do not compile assertions outside of tests anyway. So, just for Dzecniv and those like him, there is a <a href="#org757f3ce">functionality table on running assertions on compilation</a>.
</p>
<p>
Some people are just looking for regression testing - they focus on running all the tests at once. For example, the README for Prove does not even mention <code>deftest</code> or <code>run-test</code>. Others are looking for TDD or other continuous testing for their development. I use individual tests a lot during development, but obviously need regression testing as well.
</p>
<p>
Some testing frameworks insist on <a href="#org0b700fc">tracking progress by printing little dots or checkmarks</a> for every assertion or test that passed or failed. Consider a library like <a href="https://github.com/Shinmera/uax-9">uax-9</a>, which has 1,815,582 assertions (yes, the tests are autogenerated). I don't want to waste screen space on that many dots; I don't want to waste time on printing those dots to screen, nor, if a test fails, in trying to find the failed test amidst the haystack of successful tests. Therefore, I prefer a testing framework that allows me to only collect failures, and to turn off progress reporting. Of course, some frameworks do not display progress reports at all - or do so at the test level rather than the assertion level - but you might really want or need those progress reports.
</p>
<p>
Some frameworks cannot find lexical variables declared in a closure containing the test. Most people will not care, but if you use closures, you might.
</p>
<p>
Some people find that whether you use deftest v. define-test or similar vocabulary terms makes a difference. As Pierre Neidhardt said: `define-test` and `assert-false` are well chosen words because:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>They are full, legible words, which is more Lispy (as opposed to "deftest").</li>
<li>Emacs colors them properly by default.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Other contexts are best served by other libraries. Complex fixture requirements might drive you towards something like <a href="#org347305e">NST</a>, the need to define your own bespoke assertions might be served by <a href="#orgf19dbf4">should-test</a> or <a href="#orge3134e0">confidence</a>. Numerical comparisons might lead you to use <a href="#orgfcb129c">lisp-unit</a>, <a href="#org072fa29">lisp-unit2</a> or <a href="#orge3134e0">confidence</a> (or just writing your own). For macro-expansion testing, <a href="#orga104dfe">clunit</a>, <a href="#org2b3ca7b">clunit2</a>, <a href="#orgfcb129c">lisp-unit</a>, <a href="#org072fa29">lisp-unit2</a> and <a href="#org5c5b380">rove</a> have specific assertion functions. Your situation should govern which testing framework you use, not your project skeleton or market share.
</p>
<p>
I occasionally hear "extensibility" used as a buzzword applied to a framework. I'm not sure what it means to people. Consider the following example in <code>sxql</code>, which is not a testing framework but which included this macro in its own test file to simplify its use of <code>prove</code> -
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-lisp">(<span class="org-keyword">defmacro</span> <span class="org-function-name">is-mv</span> (test result <span class="org-type">&optional</span> desc)
`(is (multiple-value-list (yield ,test))
,result
,desc))
(is-mv (select ((<span class="org-builtin">:+</span> 1 1)))
'(<span class="org-string">"SELECT (? + ?)"</span> (1 1))
<span class="org-string">"field"</span>)
</pre>
</div>
<p>
This is not hard to do, but may not be as composable.
</p>
<p>
In any event, yes, I will state my opinions, but what you think is important will drive your preferences in testing frameworks.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9075133" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9075133"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Testing Libraries Considered</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga8163fb" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga8163fb"><span class="section-number-3">3.1.</span> Testing Frameworks</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<table border="2" rules="all" frame="border">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 1:</span> Libraries Considered (updated 16 Jan 2023)</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-right">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Library</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Homepage</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Author</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">License</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Last Update</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org79810b1">1am</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/lmj/1am">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">James Lawrence</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb7b4546">2am</a> <sup><a id="fnr.1" class="footref" href="#fn.1" role="doc-backlink">1</a></sup></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://gitlab.common-lisp.net/dkochmanski/2am">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Daniel Kochmański</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org8218c21">cacau</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/noloop/cacau">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Noloop</td>
<td class="org-left">GPL3</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgd6071f8">cardiogram</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://gitlab.com/a.aguilar/cardiogram">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Abraham Aguilar</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orga104dfe">clunit</a> <sup><a id="fnr.2" class="footref" href="#fn.2" role="doc-backlink">2</a></sup></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://tgutu.github.io/clunit/">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Tapiwa Gutu</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD</td>
<td class="org-right">2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org2b3ca7b">clunit2</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://notabug.org/cage/clunit2">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Cage (fork of clunit)</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD</td>
<td class="org-right">2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org0175d60">com.gigamonkeys.test-framework</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/gigamonkey/monkeylib-test-framework">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Peter Seibel</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD</td>
<td class="org-right">2010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orge3134e0">confidence</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/melusina-org/cl-confidence">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Michaël Le Barbier</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2023</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgaa24af1">fiasco</a> <sup><a id="fnr.3" class="footref" href="#fn.3" role="doc-backlink">3</a></sup></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/joaotavora/fiasco">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">João Távora</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD 2 Clause</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org1ace531">fiveam</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/lispci/fiveam">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Edward Marco Baringer</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org209b719">lift</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/gwkkwg/lift">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Gary Warren King</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2019 <sup><a id="fnr.4" class="footref" href="#fn.4" role="doc-backlink">4</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgfcb129c">lisp-unit</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/OdonataResearchLLC/lisp-unit">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Thomas M. Hermann</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org072fa29">lisp-unit2</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/AccelerationNet/lisp-unit2">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Russ Tyndall</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org347305e">nst</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/jphmrst/cl-nst">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">John Maraist</td>
<td class="org-left">LLGPL3 latest</td>
<td class="org-right">2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orga613df4">parachute</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/Shinmera/parachute">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Yukari Hafner</td>
<td class="org-left">zlib</td>
<td class="org-right">2021</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org8f33a67">prove</a> (archived)</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/fukamachi/prove">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Eitaro Fukamachi</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb1e6078">ptester</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://git.kpe.io/?p=ptester.git;a=summary">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Kevin Layer</td>
<td class="org-left">LLGPL</td>
<td class="org-right">2016</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5c5b380">rove</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/fukamachi/rove">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Eitaro Fukamachi</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD 3 Clause</td>
<td class="org-right">2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org957e4e2">rt</a></td>
<td class="org-left">none</td>
<td class="org-left">Kevin M. Rosenberg</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgf19dbf4">should-test</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/vseloved/should-test">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Vsevolod Dyomkin</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org14af1ff">simplet</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/noloop/simplet">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Noloop</td>
<td class="org-left">GPLv3</td>
<td class="org-right">2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">stefil <sup><a id="fnr.5" class="footref" href="#fn.5" role="doc-backlink">5</a></sup></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://dwim.hu/darcsweb/darcsweb.cgi?r=HEAD%20hu.dwim.stefil;a=summary">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Attila Lendvai, Tamas Borbely, Levente Meszaros</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD/Public Domain</td>
<td class="org-right">2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgead27f9">tap-unit-test</a> <sup><a id="fnr.6" class="footref" href="#fn.6" role="doc-backlink">6</a></sup></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/jhanley634/tap-unit-test">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Christopher K. Riesbeck, John Hanley</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgc1c8d35">try</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/melisgl/try">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Gábor Melis</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org85a40ef">unit-test</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/hanshuebner/unit-test">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Manuel Odendahl, Alain Picard</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2012</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5961e24">xlunit</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="http://git.kpe.io/?p=xlunit.git;a=tree">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Kevin RosenBerg</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD</td>
<td class="org-right">2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org4feecb1">xptest</a></td>
<td class="org-left">none</td>
<td class="org-left">Craig Brozensky</td>
<td class="org-left">Public Domain</td>
<td class="org-right">2015</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6f84dce" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6f84dce"><span class="section-number-3">3.2.</span> Speciality Libaries</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
<table border="2" rules="all" frame="border">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 2:</span> Speciality Libaries</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-right">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Library</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Homepage</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Author</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">License</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Last Update</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org3b6bdbe">checkl</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/rpav/CheckL">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Ryan Pavlik</td>
<td class="org-left">LLGPL, BSD</td>
<td class="org-right">2018</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table border="2" rules="all" frame="border">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 3:</span> Selenium Interface Libaries</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-right">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Library</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Homepage</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Author</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">License</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Last Update</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Selenium</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">cl-selenium-webdriver</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/TatriX/cl-selenium-webdriver/">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">TatriX</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2018</td>
<td class="org-left">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">selenium</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/html/cl-selenium">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Matthew Kennedy</td>
<td class="org-left">LLGPL</td>
<td class="org-right">2016</td>
<td class="org-left">1.0?</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
The selenium interfaces are here for reference purposes and are not further discussed.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org588604f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org588604f"><span class="section-number-3">3.3.</span> <a href="#org2d99040">Helper Libraries</a></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-3">
<table border="2" rules="all" frame="border">
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Table 4:</span> Libraries Considered</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-right">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Library</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Homepage</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">Author</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">License</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">Last Update</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb6a4ae2">assert-p</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/noloop/assert-p">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Noloop</td>
<td class="org-left">GPL3</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5e2b813">assertion-error</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/noloop/assertion-error">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Noloop</td>
<td class="org-left">GPL3</td>
<td class="org-right">2019</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb12e348">check-it</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/DalekBaldwin/check-it">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Kyle Littler</td>
<td class="org-left">LLGPL</td>
<td class="org-right">2015</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org1f56e80">cl-fuzz</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/ndantam/cl-fuzz/">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Neil T. Dantam</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD 2 Clause</td>
<td class="org-right">2018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org852a98e">cl-quickcheck</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/mcandre/cl-quickcheck">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Andrew Pennebaker</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org21cf3db">cover</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://gist.github.com/aamedina/ea994fc8f6e501dd862a2e866c9a08fa">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Richard Waters</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">1991</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org81667c9">hamcrest</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/40ants/cl-hamcrest">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Alexander Artemenko</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD 3 Clause</td>
<td class="org-right">2022</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgcec73dc">mockingbird</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/Chream/mockingbird">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Christopher Eames</td>
<td class="org-left">MIT</td>
<td class="org-right">2017</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">portch (not in quicklisp)</td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/nallen05/portch">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Nick Allen</td>
<td class="org-left">BSD 3 Clause</td>
<td class="org-right">2009</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><a href="#org999d538">protest</a></td>
<td class="org-left"><a href="https://github.com/phoe/protest/">homepage</a></td>
<td class="org-left">Michał Herda</td>
<td class="org-left">LLGPL</td>
<td class="org-right">2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">rtch (not in quicklisp)</td>