forked from micropython/micropython
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathobjtype.c
1487 lines (1348 loc) · 58.6 KB
/
objtype.c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
/*
* This file is part of the MicroPython project, http://micropython.org/
*
* The MIT License (MIT)
*
* Copyright (c) 2013-2018 Damien P. George
* Copyright (c) 2014-2018 Paul Sokolovsky
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "py/objtype.h"
#include "py/runtime.h"
#if MICROPY_DEBUG_VERBOSE // print debugging info
#define DEBUG_PRINT (1)
#define DEBUG_printf DEBUG_printf
#else // don't print debugging info
#define DEBUG_PRINT (0)
#define DEBUG_printf(...) (void)0
#endif
#define ENABLE_SPECIAL_ACCESSORS \
(MICROPY_PY_DESCRIPTORS || MICROPY_PY_DELATTR_SETATTR || MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_PROPERTY)
static mp_obj_t mp_obj_is_subclass(mp_obj_t object, mp_obj_t classinfo);
static mp_obj_t static_class_method_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *self_in, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args);
/******************************************************************************/
// instance object
static int instance_count_native_bases(const mp_obj_type_t *type, const mp_obj_type_t **last_native_base) {
int count = 0;
for (;;) {
if (type == &mp_type_object) {
// Not a "real" type, end search here.
return count;
} else if (mp_obj_is_native_type(type)) {
// Native types don't have parents (at least not from our perspective) so end.
*last_native_base = type;
return count + 1;
} else if (!MP_OBJ_TYPE_HAS_SLOT(type, parent)) {
// No parents so end search here.
return count;
#if MICROPY_MULTIPLE_INHERITANCE
} else if (((mp_obj_base_t *)MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, parent))->type == &mp_type_tuple) {
// Multiple parents, search through them all recursively.
const mp_obj_tuple_t *parent_tuple = MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, parent);
const mp_obj_t *item = parent_tuple->items;
const mp_obj_t *top = item + parent_tuple->len;
for (; item < top; ++item) {
assert(mp_obj_is_type(*item, &mp_type_type));
const mp_obj_type_t *bt = (const mp_obj_type_t *)MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(*item);
count += instance_count_native_bases(bt, last_native_base);
}
return count;
#endif
} else {
// A single parent, use iteration to continue the search.
type = MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, parent);
}
}
}
// This wrapper function allows a subclass of a native type to call the
// __init__() method (corresponding to type->make_new) of the native type.
static mp_obj_t native_base_init_wrapper(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[0]);
const mp_obj_type_t *native_base = NULL;
instance_count_native_bases(self->base.type, &native_base);
self->subobj[0] = MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(native_base, make_new)(native_base, n_args - 1, kw_args->used, args + 1);
return mp_const_none;
}
static MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(native_base_init_wrapper_obj, 1, native_base_init_wrapper);
#if !MICROPY_CPYTHON_COMPAT
static
#endif
mp_obj_instance_t *mp_obj_new_instance(const mp_obj_type_t *class, const mp_obj_type_t **native_base) {
size_t num_native_bases = instance_count_native_bases(class, native_base);
assert(num_native_bases < 2);
mp_obj_instance_t *o = mp_obj_malloc_var(mp_obj_instance_t, subobj, mp_obj_t, num_native_bases, class);
mp_map_init(&o->members, 0);
// Initialise the native base-class slot (should be 1 at most) with a valid
// object. It doesn't matter which object, so long as it can be uniquely
// distinguished from a native class that is initialised.
if (num_native_bases != 0) {
o->subobj[0] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(&native_base_init_wrapper_obj);
}
return o;
}
// TODO
// This implements depth-first left-to-right MRO, which is not compliant with Python3 MRO
// http://python-history.blogspot.com/2010/06/method-resolution-order.html
// https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/
//
// will keep lookup->dest[0]'s value (should be MP_OBJ_NULL on invocation) if attribute
// is not found
// will set lookup->dest[0] to MP_OBJ_SENTINEL if special method was found in a native
// type base via slot id (as specified by lookup->slot_offset). As there can be only one
// native base, it's known that it applies to instance->subobj[0]. In most cases, we also
// don't need to know which type it was - because instance->subobj[0] is of that type.
// The only exception is when object is not yet constructed, then we need to know base
// native type to construct its instance->subobj[0] from. But this case is handled via
// instance_count_native_bases(), which returns a native base which it saw.
struct class_lookup_data {
mp_obj_instance_t *obj;
qstr attr;
size_t slot_offset;
mp_obj_t *dest;
bool is_type;
};
static void mp_obj_class_lookup(struct class_lookup_data *lookup, const mp_obj_type_t *type) {
assert(lookup->dest[0] == MP_OBJ_NULL);
assert(lookup->dest[1] == MP_OBJ_NULL);
for (;;) {
DEBUG_printf("mp_obj_class_lookup: Looking up %s in %s\n", qstr_str(lookup->attr), qstr_str(type->name));
// Optimize special method lookup for native types
// This avoids extra method_name => slot lookup. On the other hand,
// this should not be applied to class types, as will result in extra
// lookup either.
if (lookup->slot_offset != 0 && mp_obj_is_native_type(type)) {
// Check if there is a non-zero value in the specified slot index,
// with a special case for getiter where the slot won't be set
// for MP_TYPE_FLAG_ITER_IS_STREAM.
if (MP_OBJ_TYPE_HAS_SLOT_BY_OFFSET(type, lookup->slot_offset) || (lookup->slot_offset == MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(iter) && type->flags & MP_TYPE_FLAG_ITER_IS_STREAM)) {
DEBUG_printf("mp_obj_class_lookup: Matched special meth slot (off=%d) for %s\n",
lookup->slot_offset, qstr_str(lookup->attr));
lookup->dest[0] = MP_OBJ_SENTINEL;
return;
}
}
if (MP_OBJ_TYPE_HAS_SLOT(type, locals_dict)) {
// search locals_dict (the set of methods/attributes)
assert(mp_obj_is_dict_or_ordereddict(MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, locals_dict)))); // MicroPython restriction, for now
mp_map_t *locals_map = &MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, locals_dict)->map;
mp_map_elem_t *elem = mp_map_lookup(locals_map, MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(lookup->attr), MP_MAP_LOOKUP);
if (elem != NULL) {
if (lookup->is_type) {
// If we look up a class method, we need to return original type for which we
// do a lookup, not a (base) type in which we found the class method.
const mp_obj_type_t *org_type = (const mp_obj_type_t *)lookup->obj;
mp_convert_member_lookup(MP_OBJ_NULL, org_type, elem->value, lookup->dest);
} else {
mp_obj_instance_t *obj = lookup->obj;
mp_obj_t obj_obj;
if (obj != NULL && mp_obj_is_native_type(type) && type != &mp_type_object /* object is not a real type */) {
// If we're dealing with native base class, then it applies to native sub-object
obj_obj = obj->subobj[0];
#if MICROPY_BUILTIN_METHOD_CHECK_SELF_ARG
if (obj_obj == MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(&native_base_init_wrapper_obj)) {
// But we shouldn't attempt lookups on object that is not yet instantiated.
mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_AttributeError, MP_ERROR_TEXT("call super().__init__() first"));
}
#endif // MICROPY_BUILTIN_METHOD_CHECK_SELF_ARG
} else {
obj_obj = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(obj);
}
mp_convert_member_lookup(obj_obj, type, elem->value, lookup->dest);
}
#if DEBUG_PRINT
DEBUG_printf("mp_obj_class_lookup: Returning: ");
mp_obj_print_helper(MICROPY_DEBUG_PRINTER, lookup->dest[0], PRINT_REPR);
if (lookup->dest[1] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// Don't try to repr() lookup->dest[1], as we can be called recursively
DEBUG_printf(" <%s @%p>", mp_obj_get_type_str(lookup->dest[1]), MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(lookup->dest[1]));
}
DEBUG_printf("\n");
#endif
return;
}
}
// Previous code block takes care about attributes defined in .locals_dict,
// but some attributes of native types may be handled using .load_attr method,
// so make sure we try to lookup those too.
if (lookup->obj != NULL && !lookup->is_type && mp_obj_is_native_type(type) && type != &mp_type_object /* object is not a real type */) {
mp_load_method_maybe(lookup->obj->subobj[0], lookup->attr, lookup->dest);
if (lookup->dest[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
return;
}
}
// attribute not found, keep searching base classes
if (!MP_OBJ_TYPE_HAS_SLOT(type, parent)) {
DEBUG_printf("mp_obj_class_lookup: No more parents\n");
return;
#if MICROPY_MULTIPLE_INHERITANCE
} else if (((mp_obj_base_t *)MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, parent))->type == &mp_type_tuple) {
const mp_obj_tuple_t *parent_tuple = MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, parent);
const mp_obj_t *item = parent_tuple->items;
const mp_obj_t *top = item + parent_tuple->len - 1;
for (; item < top; ++item) {
assert(mp_obj_is_type(*item, &mp_type_type));
mp_obj_type_t *bt = (mp_obj_type_t *)MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(*item);
if (bt == &mp_type_object) {
// Not a "real" type
continue;
}
mp_obj_class_lookup(lookup, bt);
if (lookup->dest[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
return;
}
}
// search last base (simple tail recursion elimination)
assert(mp_obj_is_type(*item, &mp_type_type));
type = (mp_obj_type_t *)MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(*item);
#endif
} else {
type = MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, parent);
}
if (type == &mp_type_object) {
// Not a "real" type
return;
}
}
}
static void instance_print(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t self_in, mp_print_kind_t kind) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
qstr meth = (kind == PRINT_STR) ? MP_QSTR___str__ : MP_QSTR___repr__;
mp_obj_t member[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.attr = meth,
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(print),
.dest = member,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_NULL && kind == PRINT_STR) {
// If there's no __str__, fall back to __repr__
lookup.attr = MP_QSTR___repr__;
lookup.slot_offset = 0;
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
}
if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
// Handle Exception subclasses specially
if (mp_obj_is_native_exception_instance(self->subobj[0])) {
if (kind != PRINT_STR) {
mp_print_str(print, qstr_str(self->base.type->name));
}
mp_obj_print_helper(print, self->subobj[0], kind | PRINT_EXC_SUBCLASS);
} else {
mp_obj_print_helper(print, self->subobj[0], kind);
}
return;
}
if (member[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
mp_obj_t r = mp_call_function_1(member[0], self_in);
mp_obj_print_helper(print, r, PRINT_STR);
return;
}
// TODO: CPython prints fully-qualified type name
mp_printf(print, "<%s object at %p>", mp_obj_get_type_str(self_in), self);
}
static mp_obj_t mp_obj_instance_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *self, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
assert(mp_obj_is_instance_type(self));
// look for __new__ function
mp_obj_t init_fn[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = NULL,
.attr = MP_QSTR___new__,
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(make_new),
.dest = init_fn,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self);
const mp_obj_type_t *native_base = NULL;
mp_obj_instance_t *o;
if (init_fn[0] == MP_OBJ_NULL || init_fn[0] == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
// Either there is no __new__() method defined or there is a native
// constructor. In both cases create a blank instance.
o = mp_obj_new_instance(self, &native_base);
// Since type->make_new() implements both __new__() and __init__() in
// one go, of which the latter may be overridden by the Python subclass,
// we defer (see the end of this function) the call of the native
// constructor to give a chance for the Python __init__() method to call
// said native constructor.
} else {
// Call Python class __new__ function with all args to create an instance
mp_obj_t new_ret;
if (n_args == 0 && n_kw == 0) {
mp_obj_t args2[1] = {MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self)};
new_ret = mp_call_function_n_kw(init_fn[0], 1, 0, args2);
} else {
mp_obj_t *args2 = m_new(mp_obj_t, 1 + n_args + 2 * n_kw);
args2[0] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(self);
memcpy(args2 + 1, args, (n_args + 2 * n_kw) * sizeof(mp_obj_t));
new_ret = mp_call_function_n_kw(init_fn[0], n_args + 1, n_kw, args2);
m_del(mp_obj_t, args2, 1 + n_args + 2 * n_kw);
}
// https://docs.python.org/3.4/reference/datamodel.html#object.__new__
// "If __new__() does not return an instance of cls, then the new
// instance's __init__() method will not be invoked."
if (mp_obj_get_type(new_ret) != self) {
return new_ret;
}
// The instance returned by __new__() becomes the new object
o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(new_ret);
}
// now call Python class __init__ function with all args
// This method has a chance to call super().__init__() to construct a
// possible native base class.
init_fn[0] = init_fn[1] = MP_OBJ_NULL;
lookup.obj = o;
lookup.attr = MP_QSTR___init__;
lookup.slot_offset = 0;
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self);
if (init_fn[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
mp_obj_t init_ret;
if (n_args == 0 && n_kw == 0) {
init_ret = mp_call_method_n_kw(0, 0, init_fn);
} else {
mp_obj_t *args2 = m_new(mp_obj_t, 2 + n_args + 2 * n_kw);
args2[0] = init_fn[0];
args2[1] = init_fn[1];
memcpy(args2 + 2, args, (n_args + 2 * n_kw) * sizeof(mp_obj_t));
init_ret = mp_call_method_n_kw(n_args, n_kw, args2);
m_del(mp_obj_t, args2, 2 + n_args + 2 * n_kw);
}
if (init_ret != mp_const_none) {
#if MICROPY_ERROR_REPORTING <= MICROPY_ERROR_REPORTING_TERSE
mp_raise_TypeError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("__init__() should return None"));
#else
mp_raise_msg_varg(&mp_type_TypeError,
MP_ERROR_TEXT("__init__() should return None, not '%s'"), mp_obj_get_type_str(init_ret));
#endif
}
}
// If the type had a native base that was not explicitly initialised
// (constructed) by the Python __init__() method then construct it now.
if (native_base != NULL && o->subobj[0] == MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(&native_base_init_wrapper_obj)) {
o->subobj[0] = MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(native_base, make_new)(native_base, n_args, n_kw, args);
}
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(o);
}
// Qstrs for special methods are guaranteed to have a small value, so we use byte
// type to represent them.
// The (unescaped) names appear in `unsorted_str_list` in the QSTR
// generator script py/makeqstrdata.py to ensure they are assigned low numbers.
const byte mp_unary_op_method_name[MP_UNARY_OP_NUM_RUNTIME] = {
[MP_UNARY_OP_BOOL] = MP_QSTR___bool__,
[MP_UNARY_OP_LEN] = MP_QSTR___len__,
[MP_UNARY_OP_HASH] = MP_QSTR___hash__,
[MP_UNARY_OP_INT_MAYBE] = MP_QSTR___int__,
#if MICROPY_PY_ALL_SPECIAL_METHODS
[MP_UNARY_OP_POSITIVE] = MP_QSTR___pos__,
[MP_UNARY_OP_NEGATIVE] = MP_QSTR___neg__,
[MP_UNARY_OP_INVERT] = MP_QSTR___invert__,
[MP_UNARY_OP_ABS] = MP_QSTR___abs__,
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
[MP_UNARY_OP_FLOAT_MAYBE] = MP_QSTR___float__,
#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_COMPLEX
[MP_UNARY_OP_COMPLEX_MAYBE] = MP_QSTR___complex__,
#endif
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_SYS_GETSIZEOF
[MP_UNARY_OP_SIZEOF] = MP_QSTR___sizeof__,
#endif
};
static mp_obj_t instance_unary_op(mp_unary_op_t op, mp_obj_t self_in) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
#if MICROPY_PY_SYS_GETSIZEOF
if (MP_UNLIKELY(op == MP_UNARY_OP_SIZEOF)) {
// TODO: This doesn't count inherited objects (self->subobj)
const mp_obj_type_t *native_base;
size_t num_native_bases = instance_count_native_bases(mp_obj_get_type(self_in), &native_base);
size_t sz = sizeof(*self) + sizeof(*self->subobj) * num_native_bases
+ sizeof(*self->members.table) * self->members.alloc;
return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(sz);
}
#endif
qstr op_name = mp_unary_op_method_name[op];
/* Still try to lookup native slot
if (op_name == 0) {
return MP_OBJ_NULL;
}
*/
mp_obj_t member[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.attr = op_name,
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(unary_op),
.dest = member,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
return mp_unary_op(op, self->subobj[0]);
} else if (member[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
mp_obj_t val = mp_call_function_1(member[0], self_in);
switch (op) {
case MP_UNARY_OP_HASH:
// __hash__ must return a small int
val = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_obj_get_int_truncated(val));
break;
case MP_UNARY_OP_INT_MAYBE:
// Must return int
if (!mp_obj_is_int(val)) {
mp_raise_TypeError(NULL);
}
break;
default:
// No need to do anything
;
}
return val;
} else {
if (op == MP_UNARY_OP_HASH) {
lookup.attr = MP_QSTR___eq__;
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__hash__
// "User-defined classes have __eq__() and __hash__() methods by default;
// with them, all objects compare unequal (except with themselves) and
// x.__hash__() returns an appropriate value such that x == y implies
// both that x is y and hash(x) == hash(y)."
return MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT((mp_uint_t)self_in);
}
// "A class that overrides __eq__() and does not define __hash__() will have its __hash__() implicitly set to None.
// When the __hash__() method of a class is None, instances of the class will raise an appropriate TypeError"
}
return MP_OBJ_NULL; // op not supported
}
}
// Binary-op enum values not listed here will have the default value of 0 in the
// table, corresponding to MP_QSTRnull, and are therefore unsupported (a lookup will
// fail). They can be added at the expense of code size for the qstr.
// Qstrs for special methods are guaranteed to have a small value, so we use byte
// type to represent them.
// The (unescaped) names appear in `unsorted_str_list` in the QSTR
// generator script py/makeqstrdata.py to ensure they are assigned low numbers.
const byte mp_binary_op_method_name[MP_BINARY_OP_NUM_RUNTIME] = {
[MP_BINARY_OP_LESS] = MP_QSTR___lt__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_MORE] = MP_QSTR___gt__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_EQUAL] = MP_QSTR___eq__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_LESS_EQUAL] = MP_QSTR___le__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_MORE_EQUAL] = MP_QSTR___ge__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_NOT_EQUAL] = MP_QSTR___ne__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS] = MP_QSTR___contains__,
// If an inplace method is not found a normal method will be used as a fallback
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD] = MP_QSTR___iadd__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_SUBTRACT] = MP_QSTR___isub__,
#if MICROPY_PY_ALL_INPLACE_SPECIAL_METHODS
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_MULTIPLY] = MP_QSTR___imul__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_MAT_MULTIPLY] = MP_QSTR___imatmul__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE] = MP_QSTR___ifloordiv__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE] = MP_QSTR___itruediv__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_MODULO] = MP_QSTR___imod__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_POWER] = MP_QSTR___ipow__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_OR] = MP_QSTR___ior__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_XOR] = MP_QSTR___ixor__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_AND] = MP_QSTR___iand__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_LSHIFT] = MP_QSTR___ilshift__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_RSHIFT] = MP_QSTR___irshift__,
#endif
[MP_BINARY_OP_ADD] = MP_QSTR___add__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT] = MP_QSTR___sub__,
#if MICROPY_PY_ALL_SPECIAL_METHODS
[MP_BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY] = MP_QSTR___mul__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_MAT_MULTIPLY] = MP_QSTR___matmul__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_FLOOR_DIVIDE] = MP_QSTR___floordiv__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_TRUE_DIVIDE] = MP_QSTR___truediv__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_MODULO] = MP_QSTR___mod__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_DIVMOD] = MP_QSTR___divmod__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_POWER] = MP_QSTR___pow__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_OR] = MP_QSTR___or__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_XOR] = MP_QSTR___xor__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_AND] = MP_QSTR___and__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_LSHIFT] = MP_QSTR___lshift__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_RSHIFT] = MP_QSTR___rshift__,
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_REVERSE_SPECIAL_METHODS
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_ADD] = MP_QSTR___radd__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT] = MP_QSTR___rsub__,
#if MICROPY_PY_ALL_SPECIAL_METHODS
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_MULTIPLY] = MP_QSTR___rmul__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_MAT_MULTIPLY] = MP_QSTR___rmatmul__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_FLOOR_DIVIDE] = MP_QSTR___rfloordiv__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_TRUE_DIVIDE] = MP_QSTR___rtruediv__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_MODULO] = MP_QSTR___rmod__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_POWER] = MP_QSTR___rpow__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_OR] = MP_QSTR___ror__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_XOR] = MP_QSTR___rxor__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_AND] = MP_QSTR___rand__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_LSHIFT] = MP_QSTR___rlshift__,
[MP_BINARY_OP_REVERSE_RSHIFT] = MP_QSTR___rrshift__,
#endif
#endif
};
static mp_obj_t instance_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t op, mp_obj_t lhs_in, mp_obj_t rhs_in) {
// Note: For ducktyping, CPython does not look in the instance members or use
// __getattr__ or __getattribute__. It only looks in the class dictionary.
mp_obj_instance_t *lhs = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(lhs_in);
qstr op_name = mp_binary_op_method_name[op];
/* Still try to lookup native slot
if (op_name == 0) {
return MP_OBJ_NULL;
}
*/
mp_obj_t dest[3] = {MP_OBJ_NULL};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = lhs,
.attr = op_name,
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(binary_op),
.dest = dest,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, lhs->base.type);
mp_obj_t res;
if (dest[0] == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
res = mp_binary_op(op, lhs->subobj[0], rhs_in);
} else if (dest[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
dest[2] = rhs_in;
res = mp_call_method_n_kw(1, 0, dest);
res = op == MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS ? mp_obj_new_bool(mp_obj_is_true(res)) : res;
} else {
return MP_OBJ_NULL; // op not supported
}
#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_NOTIMPLEMENTED
// NotImplemented means "try other fallbacks (like calling __rop__
// instead of __op__) and if nothing works, raise TypeError".
if (res == mp_const_notimplemented) {
return MP_OBJ_NULL; // op not supported
}
#endif
return res;
}
static void mp_obj_instance_load_attr(mp_obj_t self_in, qstr attr, mp_obj_t *dest) {
// logic: look in instance members then class locals
assert(mp_obj_is_instance_type(mp_obj_get_type(self_in)));
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
// Note: This is fast-path'ed in the VM for the MP_BC_LOAD_ATTR operation.
mp_map_elem_t *elem = mp_map_lookup(&self->members, MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(attr), MP_MAP_LOOKUP);
if (elem != NULL) {
// object member, always treated as a value
dest[0] = elem->value;
return;
}
#if MICROPY_CPYTHON_COMPAT
if (attr == MP_QSTR___dict__) {
// Create a new dict with a copy of the instance's map items.
// This creates, unlike CPython, a read-only __dict__ that can't be modified.
mp_obj_dict_t dict;
dict.base.type = &mp_type_dict;
dict.map = self->members;
dest[0] = mp_obj_dict_copy(MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(&dict));
mp_obj_dict_t *dest_dict = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(dest[0]);
dest_dict->map.is_fixed = 1;
return;
}
#endif
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.attr = attr,
.slot_offset = 0,
.dest = dest,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
mp_obj_t member = dest[0];
if (member != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
if (!(self->base.type->flags & MP_TYPE_FLAG_HAS_SPECIAL_ACCESSORS)) {
// Class doesn't have any special accessors to check so return straight away
return;
}
#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_PROPERTY
if (mp_obj_is_type(member, &mp_type_property)) {
// object member is a property; delegate the load to the property
// Note: This is an optimisation for code size and execution time.
// The proper way to do it is have the functionality just below
// in a __get__ method of the property object, and then it would
// be called by the descriptor code down below. But that way
// requires overhead for the nested mp_call's and overhead for
// the code.
const mp_obj_t *proxy = mp_obj_property_get(member);
if (proxy[0] == mp_const_none) {
mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_AttributeError, MP_ERROR_TEXT("unreadable attribute"));
} else {
dest[0] = mp_call_function_n_kw(proxy[0], 1, 0, &self_in);
}
return;
}
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_DESCRIPTORS
// found a class attribute; if it has a __get__ method then call it with the
// class instance and class as arguments and return the result
// Note that this is functionally correct but very slow: each load_attr
// requires an extra mp_load_method_maybe to check for the __get__.
mp_obj_t attr_get_method[4];
mp_load_method_maybe(member, MP_QSTR___get__, attr_get_method);
if (attr_get_method[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
attr_get_method[2] = self_in;
attr_get_method[3] = MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(mp_obj_get_type(self_in));
dest[0] = mp_call_method_n_kw(2, 0, attr_get_method);
}
#endif
return;
}
// try __getattr__
if (attr != MP_QSTR___getattr__) {
#if MICROPY_PY_DESCRIPTORS
// With descriptors enabled, don't delegate lookups of __get__/__set__/__delete__.
if (attr == MP_QSTR___get__ || attr == MP_QSTR___set__ || attr == MP_QSTR___delete__) {
return;
}
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_DELATTR_SETATTR
// If the requested attr is __setattr__/__delattr__ then don't delegate the lookup
// to __getattr__. If we followed CPython's behaviour then __setattr__/__delattr__
// would have already been found in the "object" base class.
if (attr == MP_QSTR___setattr__ || attr == MP_QSTR___delattr__) {
return;
}
#endif
mp_obj_t dest2[3];
mp_load_method_maybe(self_in, MP_QSTR___getattr__, dest2);
if (dest2[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// __getattr__ exists, call it and return its result
dest2[2] = MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(attr);
dest[0] = mp_call_method_n_kw(1, 0, dest2);
return;
}
}
}
static bool mp_obj_instance_store_attr(mp_obj_t self_in, qstr attr, mp_obj_t value) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
if (!(self->base.type->flags & MP_TYPE_FLAG_HAS_SPECIAL_ACCESSORS)) {
// Class doesn't have any special accessors so skip their checks
goto skip_special_accessors;
}
#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_PROPERTY || MICROPY_PY_DESCRIPTORS
// With property and/or descriptors enabled we need to do a lookup
// first in the class dict for the attribute to see if the store should
// be delegated.
mp_obj_t member[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.attr = attr,
.slot_offset = 0,
.dest = member,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
if (member[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_PROPERTY
if (mp_obj_is_type(member[0], &mp_type_property)) {
// attribute exists and is a property; delegate the store/delete
// Note: This is an optimisation for code size and execution time.
// The proper way to do it is have the functionality just below in
// a __set__/__delete__ method of the property object, and then it
// would be called by the descriptor code down below. But that way
// requires overhead for the nested mp_call's and overhead for
// the code.
const mp_obj_t *proxy = mp_obj_property_get(member[0]);
mp_obj_t dest[2] = {self_in, value};
if (value == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// delete attribute
if (proxy[2] == mp_const_none) {
// TODO better error message?
return false;
} else {
mp_call_function_n_kw(proxy[2], 1, 0, dest);
return true;
}
} else {
// store attribute
if (proxy[1] == mp_const_none) {
// TODO better error message?
return false;
} else {
mp_call_function_n_kw(proxy[1], 2, 0, dest);
return true;
}
}
}
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_DESCRIPTORS
// found a class attribute; if it has a __set__/__delete__ method then
// call it with the class instance (and value) as arguments
if (value == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// delete attribute
mp_obj_t attr_delete_method[3];
mp_load_method_maybe(member[0], MP_QSTR___delete__, attr_delete_method);
if (attr_delete_method[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
attr_delete_method[2] = self_in;
mp_call_method_n_kw(1, 0, attr_delete_method);
return true;
}
} else {
// store attribute
mp_obj_t attr_set_method[4];
mp_load_method_maybe(member[0], MP_QSTR___set__, attr_set_method);
if (attr_set_method[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
attr_set_method[2] = self_in;
attr_set_method[3] = value;
mp_call_method_n_kw(2, 0, attr_set_method);
return true;
}
}
#endif
}
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_DELATTR_SETATTR
if (value == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// delete attribute
// try __delattr__ first
mp_obj_t attr_delattr_method[3];
mp_load_method_maybe(self_in, MP_QSTR___delattr__, attr_delattr_method);
if (attr_delattr_method[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// __delattr__ exists, so call it
attr_delattr_method[2] = MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(attr);
mp_call_method_n_kw(1, 0, attr_delattr_method);
return true;
}
} else {
// store attribute
// try __setattr__ first
mp_obj_t attr_setattr_method[4];
mp_load_method_maybe(self_in, MP_QSTR___setattr__, attr_setattr_method);
if (attr_setattr_method[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// __setattr__ exists, so call it
attr_setattr_method[2] = MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(attr);
attr_setattr_method[3] = value;
mp_call_method_n_kw(2, 0, attr_setattr_method);
return true;
}
}
#endif
skip_special_accessors:
if (value == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// delete attribute
mp_map_elem_t *elem = mp_map_lookup(&self->members, MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(attr), MP_MAP_LOOKUP_REMOVE_IF_FOUND);
return elem != NULL;
} else {
// store attribute
mp_map_lookup(&self->members, MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(attr), MP_MAP_LOOKUP_ADD_IF_NOT_FOUND)->value = value;
return true;
}
}
static void mp_obj_instance_attr(mp_obj_t self_in, qstr attr, mp_obj_t *dest) {
if (dest[0] == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
mp_obj_instance_load_attr(self_in, attr, dest);
} else {
if (mp_obj_instance_store_attr(self_in, attr, dest[1])) {
dest[0] = MP_OBJ_NULL; // indicate success
}
}
}
static mp_obj_t instance_subscr(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t index, mp_obj_t value) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
mp_obj_t member[4] = {MP_OBJ_NULL, MP_OBJ_NULL, index, value};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(subscr),
.dest = member,
.is_type = false,
};
if (value == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
// delete item
lookup.attr = MP_QSTR___delitem__;
} else if (value == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
// load item
lookup.attr = MP_QSTR___getitem__;
} else {
// store item
lookup.attr = MP_QSTR___setitem__;
}
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
return mp_obj_subscr(self->subobj[0], index, value);
} else if (member[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
size_t n_args = value == MP_OBJ_NULL || value == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL ? 1 : 2;
mp_obj_t ret = mp_call_method_n_kw(n_args, 0, member);
if (value == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
return ret;
} else {
return mp_const_none;
}
} else {
return MP_OBJ_NULL; // op not supported
}
}
static mp_obj_t mp_obj_instance_get_call(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t *member) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.attr = MP_QSTR___call__,
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(call),
.dest = member,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
return member[0];
}
bool mp_obj_instance_is_callable(mp_obj_t self_in) {
mp_obj_t member[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL, MP_OBJ_NULL};
return mp_obj_instance_get_call(self_in, member) != MP_OBJ_NULL;
}
mp_obj_t mp_obj_instance_call(mp_obj_t self_in, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
mp_obj_t member[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL, MP_OBJ_NULL};
mp_obj_t call = mp_obj_instance_get_call(self_in, member);
if (call == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
#if MICROPY_ERROR_REPORTING <= MICROPY_ERROR_REPORTING_TERSE
mp_raise_TypeError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("object not callable"));
#else
mp_raise_msg_varg(&mp_type_TypeError,
MP_ERROR_TEXT("'%s' object isn't callable"), mp_obj_get_type_str(self_in));
#endif
}
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
if (call == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
return mp_call_function_n_kw(self->subobj[0], n_args, n_kw, args);
}
return mp_call_method_self_n_kw(member[0], member[1], n_args, n_kw, args);
}
// Note that iter_buf may be NULL, and needs to be allocated if needed
mp_obj_t mp_obj_instance_getiter(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_iter_buf_t *iter_buf) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
mp_obj_t member[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.attr = MP_QSTR___iter__,
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(iter),
.dest = member,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
return MP_OBJ_NULL;
} else if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
const mp_obj_type_t *type = mp_obj_get_type(self->subobj[0]);
if (type->flags & MP_TYPE_FLAG_ITER_IS_ITERNEXT) {
return self->subobj[0];
} else {
if (iter_buf == NULL) {
iter_buf = m_new_obj(mp_obj_iter_buf_t);
}
return ((mp_getiter_fun_t)MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, iter))(self->subobj[0], iter_buf);
}
} else {
return mp_call_method_n_kw(0, 0, member);
}
}
static mp_int_t instance_get_buffer(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_buffer_info_t *bufinfo, mp_uint_t flags) {
mp_obj_instance_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
mp_obj_t member[2] = {MP_OBJ_NULL};
struct class_lookup_data lookup = {
.obj = self,
.attr = MP_QSTR_, // don't actually look for a method
.slot_offset = MP_OBJ_TYPE_OFFSETOF_SLOT(buffer),
.dest = member,
.is_type = false,
};
mp_obj_class_lookup(&lookup, self->base.type);
if (member[0] == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) {
const mp_obj_type_t *type = mp_obj_get_type(self->subobj[0]);
return MP_OBJ_TYPE_GET_SLOT(type, buffer)(self->subobj[0], bufinfo, flags);
} else {
return 1; // object does not support buffer protocol
}
}
/******************************************************************************/
// type object
// - the struct is mp_obj_type_t and is defined in obj.h so const types can be made
// - there is a constant mp_obj_type_t (called mp_type_type) for the 'type' object
// - creating a new class (a new type) creates a new mp_obj_type_t
#if ENABLE_SPECIAL_ACCESSORS
static bool check_for_special_accessors(mp_obj_t key, mp_obj_t value) {
#if MICROPY_PY_DELATTR_SETATTR
if (key == MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR___setattr__) || key == MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR___delattr__)) {
return true;
}
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_PROPERTY
if (mp_obj_is_type(value, &mp_type_property)) {
return true;
}
#endif
#if MICROPY_PY_DESCRIPTORS
static const uint8_t to_check[] = {
MP_QSTR___get__, MP_QSTR___set__, MP_QSTR___delete__,
};
for (size_t i = 0; i < MP_ARRAY_SIZE(to_check); ++i) {
mp_obj_t dest_temp[2];
mp_load_method_protected(value, to_check[i], dest_temp, true);
if (dest_temp[0] != MP_OBJ_NULL) {
return true;
}
}
#endif
return false;
}
#endif
static void type_print(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t self_in, mp_print_kind_t kind) {
(void)kind;
mp_obj_type_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
mp_printf(print, "<class '%q'>", self->name);
}
static mp_obj_t type_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type_in, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
(void)type_in;
mp_arg_check_num(n_args, n_kw, 1, 3, false);
switch (n_args) {
case 1:
return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(mp_obj_get_type(args[0]));
case 3:
// args[0] = name
// args[1] = bases tuple
// args[2] = locals dict
return mp_obj_new_type(mp_obj_str_get_qstr(args[0]), args[1], args[2]);
default:
mp_raise_TypeError(MP_ERROR_TEXT("type takes 1 or 3 arguments"));
}