methods.json

{"methods":[{"Title":"21st Century Town Meeting","Author":"Arfung","Description":"","Body":"ParticipantsThe participants in 21st Century Town Meetings are usually ordinary citizens who have no particular expertise in the topic under discussions. They are not stakeholders or professional lobbyists.Demographic targets for participants are set,...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":500,"Maximum Participants":5000,"Minimum Duration":"1 day","Maximum Duration":"several days","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"Regional (e.g. State, Province, Autonomous Region)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Preference Articulation","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"International Organization, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Agora 2.0","Author":"Matteo","Description":"Agora 2.0 is a group of Italian young people devoted to create a software for law creation, law amending and law voting","Body":"DefinitionAgora 2.0 is a group of Italian young people devoted to create a software for law creation, law amending and law voting Problems and PurposeThe group is working to create a software to enable collaborative governance. The system shall include...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"National","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Agora Ekklesia","Author":"Michal","Description":"Looking for a new paradigm?","Body":"DefinitionAgora Ekklesia group decision-making method is defined by key elements:Support for fundamental human needs, non-business exchange, volunteering, social hobbies and group decision-making.Quick surveys on the background of face to face...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":20,"Maximum Participants":"900 per assembly","Minimum Duration":"1 hour, discussion unlimited","Maximum Duration":"15 hours, discussion unlimited","Minimum Cost":"US$50","Maximum Cost":"US$10000","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Story-Telling","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Direct delivery of public services (i.e. by entities other than government), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Story-Telling","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Face-to-face surveys during an casual event, Confirmation of acceptance similar to voting , Neighbourhood's Messenger's Network","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Direct delivery of public services (i.e. by entities other than government), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"5 - Highly Complex","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Individual","field29":"Community Based Organization, Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"As the People Want It, Blueprint for a new confederation","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"Blueprint for a new confederation\nThis site is based on \"As the People Want It, Blueprint for a new confederation\" published by Fremskrittspartiets Utredningsinstitutt, an independent research institute dedicated to political and economic research and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Asset-Based Community Development","Author":"Ffonsok","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nAsset-Based Community Development is a communication methodology that utilizes the individual strengths and skills of citizens to build stronger communities and  establish sustainable development. Instead of focusing on solving a specific...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"","field24":"1 - Not Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization","field29":"Community Based Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Bungeni Parliamentary and Legislative Information System","Author":"Kevin Um","Description":"","Body":"The original version of this entry first appeared on Vitalizing Democracy in 2010 and was a contestant for the 2011 Reinhard Mohn Prize. It was originally submitted by Christian Kreutz.Bungeni aims at making Parliaments more open and accessible to...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only, Other","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness, Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only, Other","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness, Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"Public Marketing","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"International Organization, National Government","field29":"International Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Cabildo Abierto","Author":"Aaronmontenegro","Description":"","Body":"Cabildo Abierto (pluralized as Cabildos Abiertos), translates as \"Open Town Council.\" It is a form of deliberative meeting that has used in South and Central America beginning in the 16th Century. The Cabildo Abierto was originally used to assemble...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":2,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Individual","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Charrette","Author":"Tim Schoot Uiterkamp","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionA charrette is a method of deliberation, through which participants from different subgroups of society reach a consensus position in a relatively short time. The charrette consists of three phases, the pre-charrette, charrette workshop and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":50,"Maximum Participants":1000,"Minimum Duration":"2 days","Maximum Duration":"2 weeks","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Choicework Dialogue","Author":"richards1000","Description":"Choicework Dialogue -- also called Choice-Dialogue or ChoiceDialogue -- developed by Viewpoint Learning, is a structured and facilitated method of face-to-face, in-person deliberation in which a representative sample of approximately 40 individuals deliberates for 8 hours about a policy issue. The method requires participants to read workbooks containing information about the policy issue, consider several possible policy approaches -- each of which is associated with certain values -- for addressing the issue, consider multiple means of funding those policy approaches, identify policy objectives, and then weigh tradeoffs in making feasible policy and funding choices that will further those objectives. Surveys measure participants' beliefs and attitudes about the issue and the policy and funding approaches at the start and the end of the deliberation. Survey results are used by the organization sponsoring the deliberation as evidence of informed public opinion about the issue.","Body":"DefinitionChoicework Dialogue -- also called Choice-Dialogue or ChoiceDialogue -- developed by Viewpoint Learning, is a structured and facilitated method of face-to-face, in-person deliberation in which a representative sample of approximately 40...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":30,"Maximum Participants":45,"Minimum Duration":"8 hours","Maximum Duration":"8 hours","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Other","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Other","field23":"Preference Articulation","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"5 - Highly Complex","field27":"","field28":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit), For Profit Business","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit), Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts), For Profit Business","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizen Advisory Board","Author":"Jcourter","Description":"","Body":"Citizen Advisory Boards are a local government entity which consists of volunteer citizens from the community they represent. Citizen Advisory Boards add to the deliberative quality of a democracy by involving everyday citizens in political processes...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":100,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":365,"Minimum Cost":"US$1","Maximum Cost":"US$999","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"2 - Seldom Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizen Budget","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"Problems and Purpose\"Citizen Budget\" is an innovative online tool to improve your public budget consultations. Our customizable budget simulator is at the cutting edge of online engagement and educates your residents about government services, budget...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"For Profit Business","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizen Conferences","Author":"sxt5105","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionCitizen Conferences allow for citizens to deliberate and provide policy recommendations for a government entity.  The government entity can then use these recommendations to better meet the needs of its citizens.ParticipantsThe participants in...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":6,"Maximum Participants":18,"Minimum Duration":"1 Day","Maximum Duration":"1 Day","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Explaining purpose of the event, question-and-answer session, deliberation, presentation to the public","field20":"Regional (e.g. State, Province, Autonomous Region)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"2 - Seldom Tied to Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial)","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Academic Institution","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizen Councilor Network","Author":"Jspady","Description":"","Body":"The Citizen Councilor Network is overseen by the King County Auditor's Office in Seattle.This method is used in support of the Countywide Community Forums (of King County).NotesThe cost to conduct a \"round\" of the network is highly variable. The more...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":4,"Maximum Participants":40,"Minimum Duration":21,"Maximum Duration":45,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$30","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Deliberation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Conflict Resolution, Preference Articulation","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Community Based Organization","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts), Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizen Dialogue","Author":"richards1000","Description":"Citizen Dialogue -- also called \"Citizens' Dialogue\" -- is a public deliberation method created by Canadian Policy Research Networks. The Citizen Dialogue method is based on Viewpoint Learning's Choicework Dialogue method.","Body":"DefinitionCitizen Dialogue -- also called Citizens' Dialogue -- is a public deliberation method created by Canadian Policy Research Networks. The Citizen Dialogue method is based on Viewpoint Learning's Choicework Dialogue method. In Citizen Dialogue a...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":20,"Maximum Participants":20,"Minimum Duration":"8 hours","Maximum Duration":"12 hours","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"National","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizens' Initiative Review","Author":"richards1000","Description":"A Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR) is a Citizens’ Jury that deliberates about a ballot initiative. In a CIR, organizers select a panel, made up of a random sample of 18-24 citizens, who are demographically representative of the population. The panelists meet for five days to learn and deliberate about a ballot initiative—a proposed law or constitutional amendment that is drafted by, and can be enacted by a direct vote of, citizens—that will be voted on in an upcoming election.","Body":"DefinitionA Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR) is a Citizens’ Jury that deliberates about a ballot initiative. In a CIR, organizers select a panel, made up of a random sample of 18-24 citizens, who are demographically representative of the population. The...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":18,"Maximum Participants":24,"Minimum Duration":"4 days","Maximum Duration":"6 days","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"Decision-Making","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"4 - Quite Complex","field27":"","field28":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizens' Jury","Author":"Madifish","Description":"","Body":"A Citizens’ Jury is composed of a group often of around 18-24 randomly selected citizens, representative of the demographics in the area, that come together to deliberate on an issue. Over the period of 4-7 days the jury hears from expert witnesses that...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":18,"Maximum Participants":24,"Minimum Duration":4,"Maximum Duration":7,"Minimum Cost":"US$35","Maximum Cost":"US$160","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"Regional (e.g. State, Province, Autonomous Region)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizens' Reference Panel","Author":"richards1000","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Criticism Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":24,"Maximum Participants":36,"Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Learning, Meeting the Public, Deliberation","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"4 - Quite Complex","field27":"","field28":"For Profit Business","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Citizens’ Assembly","Author":"Plscully","Description":"","Body":"This is a stub. Please help us flesh out this description. See the section below on \"secondary sources\" for a few places to start gathering information.The following is a suggested structure. We recommend users follow these headings to make it easier to...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Civic Education","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":" Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Lessons Learned Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator, Informal Social Activities","field14":"","field15":"Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator, Informal Social Activities","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"Providing Social Goods","field22":"Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Civic Lottery","Author":"Crazzarc","Description":"","Body":"A civic lottery, a popular term for the contemporary use of sortition or allotment, refers to a lottery-based method for selecting citizens for public service or office. It is based on the premise that citizens in a democracy have both a duty and the...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":5,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"US$8000","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"International","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Academic Institution, Community Based Organization","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Collaborative Design","Author":"OmayraRivera","Description":"Design with the people instead of design for the people","Body":"The following is a suggested structure. We recommend users follow these headings to make it easier to compare and analyze entries.Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence,...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Collaborative Governance","Author":"Ed Pastore","Description":"","Body":"Collaborative governance is a young, emerging form of governance being developed to adapt the traditional aims of direct democracy with the new capabilities presented by the internet. Practical development of this governance method is being undertaken by...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Other","field29":"Other","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Collaborative Planning","Author":"Tyler Carlson","Description":"","Body":"(Note: This article is a stub and requires further elaboration and editing)DefinitionCollaborative planning is a conceptual framework for resolving complex, multi-stakeholder planning scenarios. This approach is often applied to planning cases for the...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":6,"Maximum Participants":75,"Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Communities Creating Racial Equity Initiative","Author":"Ashlep3","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionEveryday Democracy is an organization whose mission is “to help communities develop their own ability to solve problems by exploring ways for all kinds of people to think, talk and work together to create change.” Their goal is to address many...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":10,"Maximum Participants":3,"Minimum Duration":720,"Maximum Duration":720,"Minimum Cost":"US$10","Maximum Cost":"US$90","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Deliberation","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Decision-Making","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization","field29":"Community Based Organization, Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Community Auditing","Author":"Carolina","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Community Organizing","Author":"epan","Description":"","Body":"Note:  This article is in need of assistance with content and editing.  Please help us compete it. ","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Community-based participatory research","Author":"Sarena Seifer","Description":"","Body":" Community-based participatory research is a \"collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each brings. CBPR begins with a research topic of importance to the...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Conselho Nacional de Saúde - National Health Council","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionThe CNS is an organ linked to the Ministry of Health and consists of representatives of organizations and users, organizations representing health care workers, government and health service providers, and its chairman is elected from among the...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment, Election, Appointment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"National","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Consensus","Author":"Plscully","Description":"","Body":"This is a stub. We need a general overview that defines consensus as a generic method (for example, as compared to the specific use of consensus in a \"consensus council.\"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation,...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Consensus Conference","Author":"Krameraspiri","Description":"","Body":" Main Idea and Significance:The public’s opinion and support behind significant topics in specified fields is essential to deriving a common good for society. The ideology protruding behind consensus conferences redefines the path to arrive at a public...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":10,"Maximum Participants":20,"Minimum Duration":2,"Maximum Duration":3,"Minimum Cost":"US$70","Maximum Cost":"US$100","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization","field29":"National Government, Community Based Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"ConsiderIt","Author":"Mitch Johnson","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionConsiderIt is an internet-based platform that stems from the basis of personal deliberation into a form of public deliberation. It allows users to examine trade-offs and the vantage points of other users on proposed actions such as ballot...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":"No Maximim","Minimum Duration":"No Minimum","Maximum Duration":"No Maximum","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Regional (e.g. State, Province, Autonomous Region)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"Co-Production, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"4 - Quite Complex","field27":"","field28":"Academic Institution, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Academic Institution, Community Based Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"ConsiderIt","Author":"KatieKnobloch","Description":"ConsiderIt is an open source platform that encourages users to engage in thoughtful discussion across difference on complex issues. The 2010 Washington state Living Voters Guide was the first project to implement the ConsiderIt platform. It aims to decrease polarization and increase communication that encourages participants to find a common ground with one another and reach a common understanding about the benefits and consequences of public issues.","Body":"DefinitionConsiderIt is an open source platform that encourages users to engage in thoughtful discussion across difference on complex issues. The 2010 Washington state Living Voters Guide was the first project to implement the ConsiderIt platform. It...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Constitution","Author":"alexlinsker","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionA Constitution is the top-most governing document of an organization. It defines the various types of autonomy (the roles) people have. It limits powers of the main leaders. It allows for amendments. It provides various rights either implicitly...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Conversation Cafes","Author":"Yunakim","Description":"","Body":" Definition \nConversation Cafes are openly hosted conversations in local coffee shops, but are also widely entertained inside, but not limited to, restaurants, conference rooms, churches, and classrooms. This participatory method was intentionally...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":3,"Maximum Participants":10,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":1,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Providing Social Goods","field22":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"Preference Articulation","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Individual","field29":"Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Crowdsourcing","Author":"Cactullus","Description":"","Body":"Crowdsourcing is a new phenomenon in which an organization calls upon both professionals and amateurs on the internet to help solve a problem, design a product, or analyze large amounts of data at a lower cost and often greater quality and speed than...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":10000000000,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":1000,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$1000000","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Decision-Making","field20":"International","field21":"Providing Social Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Co-Production, Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"1 - Not Polarized","field25":"2 - Seldom Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Other","field29":"Other","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Deebase - e-deliberation made easy","Author":"AlbertoLusoli","Description":"Since the emergence of the so called Web2.0, internet technologies have greatly expanded the possibilities for people to interact and discuss; but how many times have we found ourselves trapped in endless debates about everyday facts? Social networks have greatly contributed in re-shaping the idea of online interactions, but their outcomes are, most of the time, a clashing chorus of lonely voices unable to listen to each other giving rise to unfruitful exchanges of ideas. From this point of view, web-mediated interactions are still far from being efficient means of communication, confrontation and, in the end, a means for effective decision making. It’s from the analysis of current practices in online interactions that we came up with the idea of Deebase: a CMS aimed at supporting communities in fostering the exchange of ideas among their members, turning chaotic interactions into full-fledged debates.","Body":"IntroductionSince the emergence of the so called Web2.0, internet technologies have greatly expanded the possibilities for people to interact and discuss; but how many times have we found ourselves trapped in endless debates about everyday facts? Social...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":10,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field16":"Open to all, Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field23":"Co-Production, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"International Organization, National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit), Government-Owned Corporation, For Profit Business","field29":"International Organization, National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Academic Institution, Community Based Organization, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit), Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts), Government-Owned Corporation, For Profit Business","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Delegated Voting","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"\n--Delegated Voting-- \nAlso called Proxy voting or Liquid_Democracy\nImagine delegating your vote on health issues to a trusted family physician. And that she gives all the votes delegated to her second year medical ethics professor. And by checking on...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Deliberation","Author":"Alli Welton","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Criticism Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Deliberation day","Author":"Jkim0802","Description":"","Body":"Definition\"Deliberation Day - a new national holiday.\" [1] With this statement Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin were the first to propose Deliberation Day (DDay) as a method for having citizens deliberating 2 weeks before the national elections for 2...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":15,"Maximum Participants":70,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":2,"Minimum Cost":"US$993","Maximum Cost":"US$2","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"National Government","field29":"National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Deliberative Democracy","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"Deliberative democracy (also called discursive democracy) is a form of democracy in which public deliberation is central to legitimate lawmaking. It adopts elements of both representative democracy and direct democracy and differs from traditional...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Deliberative Democracy and Citizens' Juries","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"A citizens' jury can be a good model of participatory decision making that allows the voices of the most marginalised, and yet most affected by development policies, to be heard and included. But to be truly valuable and to ensure that the Citizens'_Jury...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Deliberative Polling","Author":"Swdgray","Description":"","Body":"Deliberative Polling is a unique form of political consultation that combines techniques of public opinion research and public deliberation to construct hypothetical representations of what public opinion on a particular issue might look like if citizens...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":130,"Maximum Participants":450,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":2,"Minimum Cost":"US$10","Maximum Cost":"US$50","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"National Government, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Academic Institution, Community Based Organization, Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Deliberatorium","Author":"mklein60","Description":"Current collective innovation technologies fail badly when dealing with complex problems and large groups. The fundamental challenge, ironically, is super-abundance: crowds generated so many ideas that it becomes difficult to manage the process and harvest the best ideas. The Deliberatorium is a web-based system that combines ideas from argumentation theory and social computing to help large numbers of people, distributed in space and time, combine their insights to find well-founded solutions for complex multi-stakeholder multi-disciplinary (\"wicked\") problems.","Body":"Current collective innovation technologies fail badly when dealing with complex problems and large groups. The fundamental challenge, ironically, is super-abundance: crowds generated so many ideas that it becomes difficult to manage the process and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Delphi Method","Author":"Plscully","Description":"","Body":"This article is a stub. We invite you to flesh it out and make it a complete entry.Definition \"The Delphi technique is an alternative participatory method. Although it is based on iteration and feedback, it is less elaborate and resource‐intensive than...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Demarchy","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"Demarchy (or lottocracy) is a form of government in which the state is governed by randomly selected decision makers who have been selected by sortition (lot) from a broadly inclusive pool of eligible citizens. These groups, sometimes termed \"policy...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Decision-Making","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"DemocracyOS","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionOpen source software which allows citizens to:Propose - Get from zero to democracy in a click. Build proposals and be the change you want to see. Debate - Debate in a platform that rewards the best arguments and filters that noise that usually...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Propose, Debate, Vote","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Democratic Education","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionDemocratic education infuses the learning process with these fundamental values of our society.  Democratic education sees young people not as passive recipients of knowledge, but rather as active co-creators of their own learning. They are not...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all, Election","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Providing Social Goods","field22":"Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Academic Institution","field29":"Academic Institution","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Democs","Author":"Kateryna Onyiliogwu","Description":"Democs is a deliberation method that takes the form of  a card game that enables small groups of citizens to learn about and discuss complex public policy issues.The game usually takes 60 to 90 minutes among small groups of people (between 5-9 players). Democs lowers formal barriers of entry as its open to everyone who would like to take part. Democs offers the flexibility of location hence inaccessible location is not an obstacle for participants. A simple structure and rules allows the game to be run without a facilitator which can appeal to inexperienced participants. The participants do not require preparation as information is provided in 'bite size' chunks on sets of cards. These cards are designed by experts on particular subjects.","Body":"DefinitionDemocs (Deliberative Meetings Organised by Citizens) is a deliberation method that takes the form of  a card game that enables small groups of citizens to learn about and discuss complex scientific, political and ethical issues. Democs is an...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Direct Democracy","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"content:  Related Organisations   Related Cases   Related Methods  Direct Democracy pages on Participedia  DemocracyDemocracy was invented in the ancient city of Athens by Cleisthenes about 2,500 years ago. In Greek, ‘Demos’ means ‘the people of the...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Direct Representation (Minimal Coleman)","Author":"Ditch Townsend","Description":"Devised independently, but now nesting within Coleman’s political philosophy, this method offers elected representatives and aspirant activists a minimal set of activities which informally fuse aspects of direct and representative democracy, offer constituents a more authentic political conversation, and need not await wider political reforms.","Body":"DefinitionIn 2005, Stephen Coleman called 'Direct Representation', \"an ongoing conversation... something that speaks to (citizens) emotional needs to be respected and treated as equals... in which representatives listen to and acknowledge the authority...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"No interaction among participants","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"No interaction among participants","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Recruitment (perpetual), Interaction (cycles)","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Decision-Making","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"Individual","field29":"Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Doparie","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionThe ‘doparie’ is an Intra-Party Deliberative Referendum mechanism that is meant to improve the internal decision making process within parties in between elections.Problems and PurposeRaffaele Calabretta, a senior researcher at the Italian...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Other","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"National","field21":"","field22":"Other","field23":"Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"National Government","field29":"National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Dynamic Facilitation","Author":"Rosa_Z","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionDynamic Facilitation, aka the \"choice-creating process\" is a specific form of working with groups that helps participants engage creatively with divergent perspectives.Some of its hallmarks include: a) welcoming \"initial solutions\" as...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Dynamic Governance","Author":"jschinnerer","Description":"","Body":"Dynamic Governance is another name for sociocracy - see the entry for the Sociocracy method for more details.","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":"Varies","Minimum Duration":"Ongoing","Maximum Duration":"Ongoin","Minimum Cost":"US$0","Maximum Cost":"US$0","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"e-Deliberation™","Author":"jdcusin","Description":"Update February 2015: the e-Deliberation platform has been retired; it failed to reach escape velocity.\n\n\nAn e‑Deliberation™ event is a collaborative deliberation process mediated online. Participants work individually, in teams, and as a group to address or resolve the Focus of the event. The process is systematic and is consent-based. This approach also allows minority ideas to be considered carefully. The process yields a multipronged, integrated strategy or policy around which there has been a meeting of the minds and a critical mass of persons to ensure its success in implementation. While it is mediated online, groups may elect to meet face to face as well if co-located. e-Deliberation™ is based on the cybernetician Stafford Beer's Team Syntegrity protocol.","Body":"Update February 2015: the e-Deliberation platform has been retired; it failed to reach escape velocity.Definitione-Deliberation is an online enabling technology for collaborative decision and strategy making by the persons who have the expertise or are...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":15,"Maximum Participants":80,"Minimum Duration":"6 hours","Maximum Duration":"30 hours","Minimum Cost":"US$1500","Maximum Cost":"US$5850","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Other","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning), Protest","field16":"Open to all, Open to all with targeted recruitment, Random Selection, Appointment, Other","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Other","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"see https://www.e-deliberation.com/article/how-it-works","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning), Protest","field23":"Agenda Formation, Co-Production, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"4 - Quite Complex","field27":"","field28":"International Organization, National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit), For Profit Business","field29":"International Organization, National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit), Individual, For Profit Business","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"E-Democracy Centre","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"e-Democracy CentreWelcome to the e-DC, o­ne of the first interdisciplinary research centres dedicated to the study of e-democracy. Our main goal at the e-DC is to conduct research on how new information and communication technologies are interacting with...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Ecosystem-based Management","Author":"Tyler Carlson","Description":"","Body":"(Note: This article is a stub and requires further elaboration and editing)\nDefinition:\nEcosystem-based management (EBM) is a concept that links human and ecological systems through adaptive management approaches. Generally, EBM promotes human well-being...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Election Monitoring","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Lessons Learned Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"No interaction among participants, Listen/watch as spectator","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"No interaction among participants, Listen/watch as spectator","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"National","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Conflict Resolution","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Electoral District Forum","Author":"Travis Mitchell","Description":"An electoral district forum is an online nonpartisan discussion board for the constituents of a single officeholder to interact with themselves, and with their incumbent and candidate political leaders. It is designed to make it easier for representatives to be more responsive to their constituents. It does this by increasing dialogue and by reducing everybody's dependence on expensive mainstream media.","Body":"DefinitionAn electoral district forum is an online nonpartisan discussion board for the constituents of a single officeholder to interact with themselves, and with their incumbent and candidate political leaders. It is designed to make it easier for...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":10,"Maximum Participants":"Varies","Minimum Duration":"Ongoing","Maximum Duration":"Ongoing","Minimum Cost":"US$1","Maximum Cost":"US$200","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Other","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"5 - Highly Complex","field27":"","field28":"Individual","field29":"Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Electronic Direct Democracy","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"Electronic Direct_Democracy (EDD) is the strongest form of direct democracy, in which people are involved in the legislative function. Many advocates think that also important to this notion are technological enhancements to the deliberative process....","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Decision-Making","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"2 - Seldom Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"End to end auditable voting system \"Helios\"","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"Helios offers truly verifiable online elections.\nIf you’re a member of:\na homeowner’s/condo association, an open-source software community, a student government,any other community that holds elections you can set up your Helios election in minutes.\nOn...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"European Awareness Scenario Workshop (EASW)","Author":"Alli Welton","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Criticism Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"European Citizens' Initiative","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"Citizen initiatives give residents across the EU the direct ability to propose legislation and influence matters that concern the entire continent. Initiatives that garner 1 million signatures across a wide range of Member States are considered for implementation by the European Commission.","Body":"Problems and PurposeThe European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI) is one of the EU’s political innovations aimed at fostering more direct and participatory democracy. As laid out in the Treaty of Lisbon, the ECI is unique in that it is one of the first...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only, Other","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only, Other","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"International","field21":"","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"International Organization, Individual","field29":"International Organization, Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"European Local Democracy Week","Author":"Mooreram","Description":"","Body":" Definition \nThe European Local Democracy Week (ELDW) is an annual event in Europe which fosters local and national participation in promoting the knowledge of local democracy and the idea of democratic participation at a local level. Founded in 2007,...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":500,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":7,"Minimum Cost":"US$100","Maximum Cost":"US$100","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation, Conflict Resolution, Implementation","field24":"1 - Not Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Evaluating the efficiency of participation","Author":"John May","Description":"I introduce a new tool for evaluating the efficiency of participation. Called the Effective Number of Issues (ENI) it makes a precise measurement of the flow of information from participants to sponsors. This permits direct and rigorous comparison of the efficiency of different participation methods, and of the same method in different contexts. Instructions for doing the (quite straightforward) calculations are given.","Body":"DefinitionA new method for evaluating the efficiency of participation.Problems and PurposeAims to lay the foundation for rigorous comparison of the efficiency of different participation methods by using the data itself. This has not been possible before....","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Forum Theatre","Author":"Ejmoore","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nForum theatre (also known as ‘popular theatre’ or ‘participatory theatre’) is, at base, theatre as democratic political forum. Each project is stimulated by a specific community’s experience of disempowerment and struggle, and the desire for...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":5,"Maximum Participants":500,"Minimum Duration":6,"Maximum Duration":90,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation, Preference Articulation, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization","field29":"Community Based Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Globplex","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"Evolutive Society System\n\nGlobal e-Society Complex project is the blueprint, proposed for the conception,\nelaboration and implementation of a society model, that is viable, worldwide, for all future generations.\nAnd this simultaneously, in terms of ecology, health, economy, social welfare, culture, and personal and societal higher values.\nIt is proposed to be conceived in crowd-mode, with the proactive participation of a maximum of people and entities.\nIt is projected to combine the essence of, now mainly dispersed, relevant ideas, experiments and realizations, looking for an alternative of the techno-mercantilist model, that has dominated society and way of life, during the last centuries.\nGlobal e-Society Complex is intended to be based on complexity driven forms of holistic, non linear thinking and perception.\nAs a societal organization, Global e-Society Complex is the blueprint for a consortium sui generis of people and entities, pro actively participating in conceiving, organizing and implementing an evolutive society model and way of life.\nIt en globes non profit as well as business enterprise entities.","Body":"DefinitionGlobal e-Society ComplexEmpowering people, as well as public and private entities, to proactively shape together a new, viable, open and harmonious society, day-by-day and locally-to-globally, substituting the, now imploding, techno-...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Guide to Evaluating Participatory Processes","Author":"holivan","Description":"This publication is a methodology to review and improve the process of public participation. The Guide describes the generic aspects to be taken into account to design a rigorous evaluation, recommendations that are specified as indicators and assessment tools. Finally, all these aspects are applied on a case study.","Body":"Definition This Guide is intended to offer some practical guidance for anyone trying to conduct a planned and organised evaluation of the processes of citizen participation sponsored by a public administration.Problems and purposeOne of the basic...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Habitat Conservation Planning in the U.S.","Author":"asalshah","Description":"A look into how the government tries to balance non-federal land development with the conservation of threatened and endangered species which dwell on that land through a thing called Habitat Conservation Plans.","Body":"DefinitionHabitat Conservation Planning (HCP) in the U.S. is a plan that prepared under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by nonfederal parties who want to obtain permits for the incidental taking of threatened and endangered species. They are planning...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"none","Maximum Participants":"none","Minimum Duration":"varies","Maximum Duration":"100 years","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Other","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial contact, Negotiation, National Environmental Policy Act Review, Application, Issuance, Implementation","field20":"National","field21":"","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making","field24":"","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Other","field29":"Government-Owned Corporation","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Initiative Process","Author":"Vicnin","Description":"The initiative process is a form of direct democracy. Two types of initiative process are widely in use today.  The first is called the citizens’ initiative. In the citizens’ initiative process, citizens draft a legislative bill or constitutional amendment (a “measure”), which they then propose by petition; if the petition receives sufficient popular support, the measure is then placed on the ballot and can be enacted into law by a direct vote of citizens.  The second type of initiative process is called the agenda initiative. In the agenda-initiative process, citizens draft a measure, which they then propose by petition; if the petition receives sufficient popular support, the measure is submitted to the legislature, which decides whether to enact or implement the measure.","Body":"DefinitionThe initiative process is a form of direct democracy. Two types of initiative process are widely in use today.  The first is called citizens’ initiative or popular initiative (hereinafter, “citizens’ initiative”). In the citizens’ initiative...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Other","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Other","field17":"Other","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Petition, Campaign, Informal Deliberation, Election","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Internet Communications Technologies (ICT)","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Lessons Learned Secondary Sources External Linkshttp://wbi.worldbank.org/boost/tools-resources/...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all, Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"International Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Japanese Consensus Conference","Author":"rosekwame","Description":"This conference was constructed after the Danish Consensus model: a three to four day public conference at which both technically and socially relevant aspects of a new technology are discussed. It is usually divided into four stages: selection of an overall topic; recruitment and selection of the lay panel members; two preparatory weekends; and the main conference. The citizen panel then produces the conference report.However, in the Danish model of a consensus conference the lay panel decides which experts they will choose to speak before the panel.  At the Japan Consensus Conference, the steering panel decided which experts would speak at the conference.","Body":"DefinitionIn 2000, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), a Japanese governmental administration, organized a National Consensus Conference on genetically- modified foods in Tokyo.The consensus conference on GM food was the third...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":18,"Maximum Participants":500,"Minimum Duration":"2 weekends","Maximum Duration":"4 weekends","Minimum Cost":"US$300000","Maximum Cost":"US$300000","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only, Formal Testimony","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Raise public awareness","field16":"Random Selection, Other","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only, Formal Testimony","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Two preparatory weekends preceded the conference","field20":"National","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation, Co-Production, Decision-Making, Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"National Government","field29":"National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Jury","Author":"Potapv","Description":"","Body":" \n\n\n Definition \n\nJury – randomly selected group of citizens of a country that sworn in to participate in deliberation for court to act on behalf of government. In civil courts there are usually six members and in criminal courts there are usually twelve...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":6,"Maximum Participants":500,"Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":100,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Deliberation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), National Government","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Kgotla (public assembly)","Author":"Waddell.andrew","Description":"","Body":"Definition:\n\tKgotla meetings were large tribal assemblies that were used by Tswana chiefs to discuss important issues, policies and legislation with their subjects. Boris Weber, writing for the World Bank's anti-corruption blog, described the kgotla...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Public Hearing","field20":"Regional (e.g. State, Province, Autonomous Region)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"La Démocratie délibérative, outil pour renforcer la cohésion sociale en Europe ? A travers l’étude des Plans de cohésion sociale en région wallonne.","Author":"falbertker","Description":"Ce que l’on mesure a une incidence sur ce que l’on fait ; or, si nos mesures sont défectueuses, les décisions peuvent se révéler inadaptées. Les politiques devraient avoir pour but non d’augmenter le PIB mais d’accroître le bien-être au sein de la société ». Le Conseil de l’Europe, se positionne dans la même approche que celle insufflée par la Commission Stiglitz, résumée dans ce court extrait. C’est ainsi en amont des politiques publiques, avec la volonté d’assurer une nouvelle démocratie plus inclusive, que la méthodologie SPIRAL (Societal Progress Indicators for the Responsibility of All), développée par la Division de la Cohésion sociale du CoE, se situe. Depuis 2005, elle se donne pour objectif « d‘assurer la participation effective des acteurs concernés ou du moins de leurs représentants reconnus », dans une nouvelle sphère publique.","Body":"Definition Les méthodes délibératives explorant les leviers de la cohésion sociale et s’adressant directement aux citoyens en les incluant dans le processus décisionnel par la consultation et la délibération, n’apparaissent pas dans la revue de la...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Liquid Democracy","Author":"Paul Nollen","Description":"","Body":"Welcome to the Liquid Democracy Wiki. We're working on new methods of web-based democracy.What is Liquid Democracy?A buzzword created in 2003. While many use the term Liquid Democracy to describe internet-based Delegated Voting (a voting mechanism),...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Living Democracy - www.echo.to","Author":"Matteo","Description":"echo is a joint Open Source project for active citizen participation - available worldwide and for all people. Its comprehensive approach is designed to address a core problem of our time: the political resignation and feelings of powerlessness of the individual.","Body":"DefinitionEcho is a joint Open Source project for active citizen participation - available worldwide and for all people. Its comprehensive approach is designed to address a core problem of our time: the political resignation and feelings of powerlessness...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Machizukuri","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionMachizukuri has existed in Japan since the 1960s and was used to engage residents in bettering their own communities, and to engage in dialogue with the local government in order to create accountability.  The Japanese termMachizukuri ...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities","field23":"Agenda Formation, Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization, Individual","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Magic Roundtables","Author":"Benking","Description":"Each person is given an equal number of beads, stones, or any tokens representing equal units of time. The total meeting time is divided into units matching the distributed tokens, thus valuing them. Each member then introduces her/himself, and if so desired, offers a topic for dialogue. Members then give tokens to others whose proposal or offer the group wants to enlarge from the selection offered in order to empower voices and joint interests, enlarge the flow in dialogue. This \"voting or encouraging\" continues as topics generate more or less \"empathy\" or concern; and as others join in the conversation can receive tokens as encouragement to continue with their line of thought. This open, transparent format can encourage inhibited people to participate and minimize domination by authoritarian types. In case of unexpected changes in meeting duration, the tokens can be re-/de-valued inflated/deflated to match the remaining available time. This method is one approach being highlighted in this paper: http://www.open-forum.de/time-sharing.html which might provide some general orientation.","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Criticism Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Model United Nations","Author":"Chang Hamilton Situ","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionModel UN is a simulation of the United Nations that aims to reach students from all walks of life by educating them about international political issues within the United Nations[1]. The Model UN encourages students to act as leaders and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"","field24":"1 - Not Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"1 - Very Simple","field27":"","field28":"International Organization, Academic Institution, Community Based Organization, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"International Organization, Academic Institution, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Motiemarkt \"Motion-Market\"","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"Problems and PurposeEvery fall, the Enschede municipality in the Netherland establishes a budget for the coming years. A preliminary version is proposed by the executive board, which is then modified by motions and amendments from the municipal council....","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Distributing Individual Material Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Public Marketing","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"National Issues Forum","Author":"Haydenemills","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionThe National Issues Forum (NIF) is a nationwide network of locally created public forums oriented towards the deliberation of public and political issues. It is a non-partisan network of smaller forums created nationwide whose goal is to gather...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":2,"Maximum Participants":100,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":14,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$100","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Academic Institution, Community Based Organization, Individual, Other","field29":"Academic Institution, Community Based Organization, Individual, Other","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Neighborhood Councils","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionWhile the concept of neighborhood groups advising government has been around for years, no city has incorporated such a system to the degree that Los Angeles has in terms of city structure and funding. The now 96 Neighborhood Councils (NCs)...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field23":"Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Nepalese Participatory Planning ","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public InteractionPP, as a process, offers various opportunities for people to participate, interact, deliberate and thereby influence the overall decision making...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all, Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Community Based Organization","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"New England Town Meetings","Author":"Angelasgarla","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nThe New England Town Meetings are open forums that promote democracy. The meetings include local and regional officials that attend in order to hear the communities view on public issues. Members can be invited. The town meetings are open and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":20,"Maximum Participants":6,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":45,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$500","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Deliberation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Individual, Community Based Organization, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"New Hampshire Public Conversations on School Redesign and Student-centered Learning: Pittsfield, NH","Author":"Toni Lozzi","Description":"The Pittsfield School  District discovered they needed to re-vamp their school systems. With a grant from the Nellie Mae Education Foundation they started research into how they could transform their schools. The main focus was designing a community conversation to help uncover the underlying issues and develop possible solutions. Many thought the issue was the design of the school was catering to faculty, teachers, and parents rather than the students. This was the beginning of what plans to be a long-term plan of change.","Body":"DefinitionThe Pittsfield School  District discovered they needed to re-vamp their school systems. With a grant from the Nellie Mae Education Foundation they started research into how they could transform their schools. The main focus was designing a...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"noddr market democracy","Author":"Henri Nathanson","Description":"A market system is build up out of election representation and coalition representation contracts. The political lead comes from the market equilibrium. The system allows for any-time voting and is supposed to offer radically better performance with the political decition making.","Body":"DefinitionContinuious market oriented liberal political system.Problems and PurposeEfficiency of political decision making.HistoryStarted as a research project in 2005. Research ended Mai 2012. First prototypes online since March 2011. Participant...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Online Consultations","Author":"rlw5296","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Online deliberation","Author":"paolospada","Description":"","Body":"The following is a suggested structure. We recommend users follow these headings to make it easier to compare and analyze entries.Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence,...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Online Voting","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Lessons Learned Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Oregon Health Decisions","Author":"Cbo2","Description":"","Body":"The Oregon Health Decisions organization's method provides the opportunity for residents of Oregon from all ethnic, religious, and social backgrounds to get involved in the state's health care policy choices while being educated simultaneously on health...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"Regional (e.g. State, Province, Autonomous Region)","field21":"Distributing Individual Material Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation, Decision-Making, Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Individual","field29":"Academic Institution, Community Based Organization, Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Organizational Learning","Author":"Denis Pageau","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":5,"Maximum Participants":7000000000,"Minimum Duration":1000000,"Maximum Duration":1000000,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$100000","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"International","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Implementation, Co-Production","field24":"1 - Not Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Individual","field29":"Individual, Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts), Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), National Government, Other","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Parliamentary Procedure","Author":"Lurkmoar","Description":"","Body":" Definition \nParliamentary procedure is the set of rules and bylaws adopted by various groups, ranging from the United States House of Representatives to high school Model United Nations clubs. Though its forms differ greatly between locations where it...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":2,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":365,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Election","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), National Government, Other","field29":"National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Participatory Budgeting","Author":"Boutall","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionParticipatory budgeting is a decision-making process through which citizens deliberate and negotiate over the distribution of public resources.[1]Participatory budgeting programs are implemented at the behest of governments, citizens,...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":365,"Minimum Cost":"US$500","Maximum Cost":"US$50000","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"Decision-Making, Preference Articulation","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Participatory consensus conferences","Author":"Tessaw2","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nThe model of participatory consensus conference often knows as “the Danish model” and/or “citizens’ panel,” is a way to deliberate on policy issues with high technical content using a combination of lay citizens. The consensus conference...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":14,"Maximum Participants":14,"Minimum Duration":4,"Maximum Duration":4,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$130","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Deliberation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"National Government","field29":"National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Participatory democracy","Author":"alexlinsker","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionParticipatory democracy is where people work together, doing hands on work, to get visible results.Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Pattern Language","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"Participants approach an issue by breaking it down into generic sections like context, problem statement, solution etc. The pattern names that result form a vocabulary they can share and that is easy to impart to a wider population.","Body":"Note: this article is a stub and needs help with editing content. Please help us fill it out.DefinitionThis method involves groups of participants defining the key concepts about and issue and then organizing them into a shared language recognizable to...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Community building (e.g. social capital)","field16":"Open to all, Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Community building (e.g. social capital)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Academic Institution, Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit), For Profit Business","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Petition","Author":"Gsmith","Description":"Collection of signatures for proposition to be considered by public authority","Body":"**Definition**\n\n**Problems and Purpose**\n\n**History**\n\n**Participant Selection**\n\n**Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction**\n\n**Influence, Outcomes, and Effects**\n\n**Analysis and Criticism**\n\n**Secondary Sources**\n\n**External Links**\n\n**Notes**","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Planning Cells","Author":"Kms497","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionPlanning cells is a method for deliberation developed by Prof. Dr. Peter C. Dienel, and is designed to be a sort of \"micro-parliament.\" In a planning cell, twenty five people from various backgrounds work together to develop a set of solutions...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":25,"Maximum Participants":25,"Minimum Duration":4,"Maximum Duration":7,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Random Selection","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Implementation","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"2 - Seldom Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Policy Forum","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"The following is a stub, please help us fill it out. For an example of a policy forum see: http://everyday-democracy.org/resources/strong-starts-policy-forum-repor...Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions,...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Community building (e.g. social capital)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Community building (e.g. social capital)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Pop-up Democracy","Author":"Publiccurator","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nPop-up democracy is a term for institutional forms that use temporary, site-specific practices to provide opportunities for increased local political and civic participation.\n\nPurpose\nThe idea of pop-up democracy is built on the notion that...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"Providing Social Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Individual, Other","field29":"Individual, Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts), Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Other","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Practical Democracy","Author":"Koikaze","Description":"Practical Democracy is an electoral method that lets every member of the community actively participate in the political process.  It gives each person a way to influence the conduct of their government, to the full extent of their desire and ability.  The method creates a unique merger of self-interest and the public interest, lets the people impress their moral sense on their government, and inexorably advances the common interest.","Body":"SynopsisIntroductionObjectiveInclusivenessMethodElective and Appointive OfficesDescriptionHarnessing the Pursuit of Self-InterestBi-DirectionalitySimplified IllustrationTime Lapse ExampleCost And Time ConsumptionConceptWhy Practical Democracy...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":3,"Maximum Participants":"Unlimited","Minimum Duration":5,"Maximum Duration":312,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$150000","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Election","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"Implementation","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Project I-democracy","Author":"Matteo","Description":"This is a project I founded that it is solely meant as a case study for a possible direct democracy system using two levels of delegation.\nThe project is in no way a finalized one, but can provide some interesting ideas.\nThe whole system design is based on creating a simple, easy-to-use but still powerful enough system for direct democracy.\nMain concepts are:\n1)    two-level simple to-implement user delegation system, to allow user to be involved even if they do not have time and/or competence to join\n2)    no implementation of law amending and collective law writing to avoid a too complex system\n3)    having a central decisional group to coordinate law creation and voting. This group would however have no power to write or implement laws, just to control the whole process of system control\n4)    direct feedback system (using a blog, for example) between users delegated to vote and user delegating their vote.\n\nSite: www.i-democrazia.it","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Criticism Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Public Hearing","Author":"Czimmerman","Description":"","Body":"“The public hearing is perhaps the most widespread venue for public participation in the United States, used by all levels of government for a variety of purposes.”[1]\n\n\n Definition \nA public hearing is a type of public meeting, and much literature...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Public Hearing","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), National Government","field29":"Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Q&A with experts","Author":"Alli Welton","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Québec city neighbourhood councils","Author":"Bhererla","Description":"","Body":"Neighbourhood councils have been a part of Québec city’s democratic life for 20 years. The first experiences were implemented by the Ville de Québec in 1993, in order to get the citizens more closely involved in municipal politics. The concept was...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":11,"Maximum Participants":400,"Minimum Duration":"continue","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Conflict Resolution","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"2 - Seldom Tied to Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Real Time Voting ","Author":"Austin","Description":"An variation of the Proxy/Liquid democracy models that avoids issues of definition of categories and the pitfalls of multiple degrees of proxy. The essence of the system is breaking the vote into sections which can be distributed to candidates in varying proportions according to the wishes of the voter and withdrawn at any time. A representatives voting weight and speaking time in the parliament (and possibly campaign funding) would rise and fall in real time in accordance with the sum of the tokens assigned to them. Intentions regarding votes would have to be announced in advance, giving voters a chance to withdraw their support before it was used against their wishes.","Body":"  Real time democracy is a system based around transforming the vote from a single use ticket issued once every four years, to a permanent possession of the voter – something that is lent (in part or full) to a representative the voter trusts...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Representative Democracy","Author":"alexlinsker","Description":"Citizens elect representatives to represent them.","Body":"DefinitionCitizens elect representatives to represent them.Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Criticism Secondary Sources External Links Notes","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Representative Town Meeting","Author":"richards1000","Description":"Representative Town Meeting is a method of participatory self-government applied to municipalities. It is common in New England in the United States, and has its origins in congregational self-government exercised within the English Independent or Congregationalist churches.","Body":"DefinitionRepresentative Town Meeting is a method of participatory self-government applied to municipalities. It is common in New England in the United States, and has its origins in congregational self-government exercised within the English Independent...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Robert's Rules of Order","Author":"Shaunmoneil","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionRobert’s Rules of Order is book on parliamentary procedure. The title provides a detailed study of parliamentary procedure and how it is practiced in various settings. Currently in its 10th edition, the book has enjoyed widespread success and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":2,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Academic Institution, Community Based Organization","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Scenario Workshop","Author":"sgzsmith","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionA Scenario Workshop is a participatory method encouraging local action with a mix of scenario and workshop which aims to solve local problems and anticipate future ones[1]{C}{C}{C}. Scenarios involve narrative descriptions of potential future...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":24,"Maximum Participants":32,"Minimum Duration":"2 days","Maximum Duration":"3 days","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Acting/Drama, Organized Demonstrations","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Acting/Drama, Organized Demonstrations","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"The Critical Phase, The Visionary Phase, and The Implementation Phase","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"3 - Somewhat Complex","field27":"","field28":"International Organization, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), For Profit Business","field29":"International Organization, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), For Profit Business","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Schools of Participation","Author":"Carolina","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Service-learning","Author":"Sarena Seifer","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Simulation Exercise","Author":"Sgoold","Description":"","Body":"“Choosing Healthplans All Together” (CHAT) is a small group simulation exercise designed to give the public a voice in setting health or health care spending priorities. It has been used for research, policy and teaching purposes. The exercise can be...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":9,"Maximum Participants":15,"Minimum Duration":0.25,"Maximum Duration":0.5,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Providing Social Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Preference Articulation, Decision-Making","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial)","field29":"Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Social Forum","Author":"Kylab","Description":"","Body":" Definition  A Social Forum is a one to four day event that addresses a wide number of topics of concern to civil society organizations and individuals opposed to neoliberal economic globalization through workshops, demonstrations, panels and plenary...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":10,"Maximum Participants":500000,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":4,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Negotiate & Bargain","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Negotiate & Bargain","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"International","field21":"Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation, Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Individual, Other","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Sociocracy","Author":"jschinnerer","Description":"","Body":"Sociocracy is a whole system design for organizational governance and structure. It is applicable to and useful for any group of people who want to accomplish something together. The \"socios\" in sociocracy are the \"colleagues\" or \"companions\" - people...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":1,"Maximum Participants":"Varies","Minimum Duration":"Ongoing","Maximum Duration":"Ongoing","Minimum Cost":"US$0","Maximum Cost":"US$0","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Other","field14":"","field15":"Other","field16":"Other","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Negotiate & Bargain, Other","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"Other","field23":"Agenda Formation, Co-Production, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making, Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"4 - Quite Complex","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Socratic Cafés","Author":"Anniegulian","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nThe Socratic Café (also known as Socrates Café) is a democratic discussion forum based on the more commonly known Socratic Method, which focuses its intentions on being an open system that allows for philosophical questioning. An unofficial...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":2,"Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":0.08,"Maximum Duration":1,"Minimum Cost":"US$0","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Other","field29":"Other","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Spokes Council - Occupy Vancouver","Author":"Jesi Carson","Description":"This Spokes Council model was developed for Occupy Vancouver and is based on previous models developed for Occupy Wall St. and Occupy Portland.","Body":"DefinitionOccupy Vancouver Spokes Council ModelSubmitted by the Spokes Council Work Group(A Living Document)Dec 12th 2011 Brief History of the Spokes Council:The spokes council model is a structure for democratic process that has been used for many years...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Direct delivery of public services (i.e. by entities other than government)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"Direct delivery of public services (i.e. by entities other than government)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Stakeholder Group Process","Author":"Plscully","Description":"","Body":"This is a stub. Please feel free to write a full description of what puiblic engagment researchers pracitioners mean when they talk about \"stakeholder group process..\" See, for example\"Multistakeholder Processes: Making Public Involvement Work\" by Dr....","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Strike","Author":"Plscully","Description":"","Body":"This is a stub. Here is a description of \"strike action\" from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strike_action Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Study Circles","Author":"Shirleykim12","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionStudy circles -- also called Dialogue-to-Change programs, Dialogue-to-Action, or Dialogue Circles -- emphasize small group deliberation by providing opportunities for members of a community to meet face-to-face and discuss a particular set of...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":3,"Maximum Participants":300,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":180,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"Implementation","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Academic Institution, Community Based Organization","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Academic Institution, Community Based Organization, Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Surveys","Author":"Alli Welton","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Term limits","Author":"alexlinsker","Description":"Term limits. Pros: constant education, transparency/accountability, the governors become the governed. Cons: see pros.","Body":"DefinitionTerm limits are a defined maximum amount of time that a person can be in any representative office for any reason.Problems and PurposePros: constant education, transparency/accountability, the governors become the governed. Cons: see pros....","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"The Black Sash Model of Community Based Monitoring (CBM)","Author":"Meshay Moses","Description":"Community-based monitoring (hereafter referred to as CBM) allows civil society to gather and analyse information from government service users’ points of view. It recognises that citizens are active holders of fundamental rights and not merely passive users of public services. As a result, CBM provides strong evidence to take back to government and, where necessary, into the public domain, in order to better the delivery of services where needed and to acknowledge good service where it is provided.","Body":"Description of Black Sash CBM ModelCommunity-based monitoring (hereafter referred to as CBM) allows civil society to gather and analyse information from government service users’ points of view. It recognises that citizens are active holders of...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"THE OCCUPY MOVEMENT'S USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS AN ORGANIZING METHOD","Author":"Natalia Shafa","Description":"The Occupy movement would not be possible without the use of social media to connect, organize, coordinate, and expand.","Body":"DefinitionThe Occupy Movement relies heavily on the use of social media as an organizing method to coordinate protest activities and connect individuals.  Protestors have create Facebook sites such as Occupy Together to coordinate mass protests. ...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Organized Demonstrations","field14":"","field15":"Protest","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Organized Demonstrations","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"International","field21":"","field22":"Protest","field23":"","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"5 - Highly Complex","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Individual","field29":"Not Applicable","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"The Right of Initiative to public consultations ","Author":"Bhererla","Description":"","Body":"The Right of Initiative to public consultations was adopted by the Montréal city council in September 2009 and has been in effect since January 1, 2010. This new democratic tool allows the Montrealers to initiate a public consultation on any matter that...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":5000,"Maximum Participants":15000,"Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Agenda Formation","field24":"1 - Not Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"2 - Not Very Complex","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Community Based Organization, Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"The World Cafe","Author":"Haleymj3","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nThe World Café defines itself as “a conversational process based on a set of integrated design principles that reveal a deeper living network pattern through which we co-evolve our collective future” [1]  It is a methodology for hosting...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":10,"Maximum Participants":5000,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":365,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$100000","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Trust Building","field20":"","field21":"Providing Social Goods, Addressing Identity-Based Issues","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts), Individual, Other","field29":"Individual, Philanthropic Organization (i.e. dedicated to making monetary grants or gifts), Community Based Organization, Academic Institution, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), Other","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"University Student Government","Author":"Sarah round","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionUniversity Student Governments serve as the official voice for students in University affairs and to external organizations. When students are brought to the table in the Universities’ decision-making process it ensures multiple voices are...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":30,"Maximum Participants":40,"Minimum Duration":270,"Maximum Duration":365,"Minimum Cost":"US$50","Maximum Cost":"US$700","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Deliberation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers)","field23":"Decision-Making, Implementation","field24":"2 - Not Very Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Academic Institution","field29":"Academic Institution","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"VoterMedia","Author":"Mark Latham","Description":"VoterMedia is a new incentive structure for encouraging public interest media to develop, to flourish and to cover issues that matter to a voter community. A typical first-step implementation is a blog competition in a small democracy such as a student union or a municipality. Voters allocate a limited budget of community funds among various competing blogs. This helps to engage and inform voters, better connecting them with elected leaders, thus contributing to better governance. It is designed to improve the policies of democracies and corporations.","Body":"DefinitionVoterMedia is an incentive structure for encouraging public interest media to develop, to flourish and to cover issues that matter to a voter community. A typical first-step implementation is a blog competition in a small democracy such as a...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"1,000-member community","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"1 month","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"US$4000","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"blogging, reading the blogs, commenting, voting, allocation of funds","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Raise public awareness, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Decision-Making, Preference Articulation, Public Marketing","field24":"4 - Polarized","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"4 - Quite Complex","field27":"","field28":"Non-Governmental Organization (Non-profit)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Washington State Initiative Process","Author":"Ceric56","Description":"","Body":"Washington State uses the initiative process which gives direct power to the voters to enact new laws or change existing ones effectively allowing the electorate to place legislation on the ballot so long as they meet certain criteria. By collecting a...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"US$5","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Decision-Making","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"3 - Somewhat Polarized","field25":"1 - Always Isolated and Usually Not tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"Individual","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"We the People: The Citizen and the Constitution","Author":"Un Gato","Description":"","Body":"Definition\nWe the People is an elementary and secondary school oriented civic education process designed to enable students to learn about and address civic issues locally, regionally, and nationally.  It works to allow the student participants to...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":3,"Maximum Participants":42,"Minimum Duration":1,"Maximum Duration":1,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Deliberation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods","field22":"Raise public awareness","field23":"Public Marketing, Preference Articulation","field24":"5 - Very Polarized","field25":"5 - Always Tied to Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Academic Institution","field29":"Community Based Organization, Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City), National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"WE-DECIDE","Author":"Erdem","Description":"","Body":"Thorough documentation will follow.\nInterested parties can contact:\ninfo@we-decide.net\nwww.we-decide.net\n","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":50,"Maximum Participants":10,"Minimum Duration":30,"Maximum Duration":90,"Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"US$1","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"Initial Preference Aggregation","field20":"","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods","field22":"Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"4 - Often Interdependent with Other Issues","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Wikivote ","Author":"yarmakhov","Description":"","Body":"Definition The Wikivote methodology was developed by a Russian company Wikivote. It is based on a wiki approach to document composition. Project participants treat the the document, such as a law or a regulations  as a construction kit, consisting of...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":100,"Maximum Participants":"10 000","Minimum Duration":"1 week","Maximum Duration":"6 months","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"Yes","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Community building (e.g. social capital)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"National","field21":"","field22":"Community building (e.g. social capital)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Implementation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"3 - Sometimes Interdependent on Other Issues","field26":"4 - Quite Complex","field27":"","field28":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), For Profit Business","field29":"National Government, Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), For Profit Business","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Workers' Council","Author":"Felisa Deang","Description":"A workers’ council is a method of governance by workers of themselves through selected delegates sent to represent them either through direct positions of leadership or through communication with those in positions of power or management. The management of a workplace or an enterprise comes together with the selected delegates to negotiate and bargain on issues selected by the workers to be the agenda of the discussions.","Body":"DefinitionA workers’ council is a method of governance by workers of themselves through selected delegates sent to represent them either through direct positions of leadership or through communication with those in positions of power or management. The...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Negotiate & Bargain","field14":"","field15":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field16":"Open to all","field17":"Negotiate & Bargain","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"National","field21":"","field22":"Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities)","field23":"Co-Production, Conflict Resolution, Decision-Making","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Union, For Profit Business","field29":"National Government","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Yanjian Model of Participatory Budgeting","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public InteractionThe preparation stage before really voting on the budget plan encompassed two major segments. First comes the determination of the total capital...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field16":"Open to all, Random Selection, Election","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Distributing Individual Material Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Collaborative delivery of services with public authorities, Community building (e.g. social capital)","field23":"Agenda Formation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Regional Government (e.g. State, Provincial, Territorial), Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Youth Participatory District Councils","Author":"Scott Fletcher","Description":"","Body":"DefinitionRosario, ArgentiaThe Youth Participatory District Council is a space of permanent participation made up by councilors elected in the neighborhood assemblies in the first round of the Participatory Budget (PPJoven). Once the first round is...","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Raise public awareness","field16":"Open to all with targeted recruitment","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"Local (e.g. Neighbourhood, City/Town, Metropolitan Area)","field21":"Achieving Public Goods, Providing Social Goods","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Raise public awareness","field23":"Agenda Formation, Preference Articulation","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","field29":"Local Government (e.g. Village, Town, City)","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"Zilino","Author":"Tbonnema","Description":"Zilino is a social web application that enables public engagement practitioners to design and host a broad range of dialogue and deliberation group processes online.","Body":"Definition Problems and Purpose History Participant Selection Deliberation, Decisions, and Public Interaction Influence, Outcomes, and Effects Analysis and Criticism Secondary Sources External Linkshttp://zilino.com","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"No","field13":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator, Story-Telling, Other","field14":"","field15":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field16":"Open to all, Open to all with targeted recruitment, Random Selection","field17":"Discussion, Dialogue, or Deliberation, Express opinions/preferences only, Listen/watch as spectator, Story-Telling, Other","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"Consultation (i.e. to advise decision makers), Co-governance (i.e. to share decision making with public authorities), Make public decisions (i.e. exert direct authority), Community building (e.g. social capital), Develop individual capacities (e.g. skills, learning)","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null},{"Title":"BürgerInnen-Rat","Author":"Zukunftsbuero","Description":"","Body":"","Date posted":null,"Minimum Participants":"","Maximum Participants":"","Minimum Duration":"","Maximum Duration":"","Minimum Cost":"","Maximum Cost":"","Facilitation?":"","field13":"","field14":"","field15":"","field16":"","field17":"","Stages":"","Stages (other)":"","field20":"","field21":"","field22":"","field23":"","field24":"","field25":"","field26":"","field27":"","field28":"","field29":"","dateOfBirth":null}]}