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PyPi / pip

Python comes with it's own package manager called pip. It's used to install packages from the Python Package Index (PyPi). Most installations of Python will already have pip installed, you can verify by running one of the following commands in your terminal:

pip
pip --version
python -m pip
py -m pip  # On Windows only
py -3.9 -m pip  # If you have multiple versions of Python installed on Windows
python3 -m pip  # On Linux/MacOS
python3.9 -m pip  # If you have multiple versions of Python installed on Linux/MacOS

If you get an error, you can install pip by following the instructions here. Usually, you can install pip by running one of the following commands in your terminal:

python -m ensurepip --upgrade
py -m ensurepip --upgrade  # On Windows only
py -3.9 -m ensurepip --upgrade  # If you have multiple versions of Python installed on Windows
python3 -m ensurepip --upgrade  # On Linux/MacOS
python3.9 -m ensurepip --upgrade  # If you have multiple versions of Python installed on Linux/MacOS

And then verify that it's installed by running one of the commands above.

Installing packages

Once you have pip installed, you can install packages by running the following command in your terminal:

pip install <package-name>

For example, to install the httpx package, you would run:

pip install httpx

Or to install a specific version of a package, you can run:

pip install <package-name>==<version>

For example, to install version 0.18.2 of the httpx package, you would run:

pip install httpx==0.18.2

We might already have httpx installed but wish to update it to the latest version. To do this, we can run:

pip install --upgrade httpx

Dependant packages

When you install a package, it might have other packages that it depends on. These packages will be installed automatically. For example, the httpx package depends on the certifi package. When you install httpx, certifi will be installed automatically.

Uninstalling packages

To uninstall a package, you can run:

pip uninstall <package-name>

For example, to uninstall the httpx package, you would run:

pip uninstall httpx

Requirements file

When you install a package, you can specify the version you want to install. For example, to install version 0.18.2 of the httpx package, you would run:

pip install httpx==0.18.2

You can also specify the version of a package in a file called requirements.txt. This file can be used to install multiple packages at once. For example, if we have a requirements.txt file that looks like this:

httpx==0.18.2
certifi==2020.12.5

We can install all the packages in the file by running:

pip install -r requirements.txt