Amazon will happily charge you for running instances and/or associated ephemeral storage until the cows come home - it's your responsibility to turn things off. The Right Way to do this for running instances is to terminate.
The caveat here is that everything ephemeral will be deleted (excluding volumes that you created/attached). So you want to make sure you transfer off anything you care about.
To terminate:
In the 'Instances' tab, select your instance and then go to the Actions menu.
.. thumbnail:: images/terminate-1.png :width: 20%
.. thumbnail:: images/terminate-2.png :width: 20%
Instance state should be either "shutting down" or "terminated".
.. thumbnail:: images/terminate-3.png :width: 20%
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