diff --git a/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d70754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+[versions]
+spring-boot = "3.2.0"
+spring-batch = "5.1.0"
+slf4j = "1.7.36"
+reactor-core = "3.5.0"
+findbugs-jsr305 = "3.0.2"
+
+# test-only
+junit = "5.+"
+assertj = "3.+"
+mockito = "5.+"
+mockito-kotlin = "5.+"
+mockk = "1.+"
+spring-jdbc = "5.3.21"
+h2 = "2.1.214"
+log4j = "2.17.2"
+
+[libraries]
+spring-boot-autoconfigure = { module = "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure", version.ref = "spring-boot" }
+spring-batch-core = { module = "org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-core", version.ref = "spring-batch" }
+slf4j = { module = "org.slf4j:slf4j-api", version.ref = "slf4j" }
+reactor-core = { module = "io.projectreactor:reactor-core", version.ref = "reactor-core" }
+findbugs-jsr305 = { module = "com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305", version.ref = "findbugs-jsr305" }
+
+# test-only
+junit = { module = "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter", version.ref = "junit" }
+assertj = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj" }
+mockito = { module = "org.mockito:mockito-core", version.ref = "mockito" }
+mockito-kotlin = { module = "org.mockito.kotlin:mockito-kotlin", version.ref = "mockito-kotlin" }
+mockk = { module = "io.mockk:mockk", version.ref = "mockk" }
+spring-boot-test = { module = "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test", version.ref = "spring-boot" }
+spring-batch-test = { module = "org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-test", version.ref = "spring-batch" }
+spring-jdbc = { module = "org.springframework:spring-jdbc", version.ref = "spring-jdbc" }
+h2 = { module = "com.h2database:h2", version.ref = "h2" }
+log4j = { module = "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-slf4j-impl", version.ref = "log4j" }
diff --git a/settings.gradle.kts b/settings.gradle.kts
index ce7882e..4b35788 100644
--- a/settings.gradle.kts
+++ b/settings.gradle.kts
@@ -21,74 +21,4 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
         mavenCentral()
         maven("https://repo.spring.io/milestone/")
     }
-
-    versionCatalogs {
-        create("libs") {
-            val springBootVersion = "3.2.0"
-            val springBatchVersion = "5.1.0"
-
-            library(
-                "spring-boot-autoconfigure",
-                "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:$springBootVersion",
-            )
-            library(
-                "spring-batch-core",
-                "org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-core:$springBatchVersion",
-            )
-            library(
-                "slf4j",
-                "org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.36",
-            )
-            library(
-                "reactor-core",
-                "io.projectreactor:reactor-core:3.5.0",
-            )
-            library(
-                "findbugs-jsr305",
-                "com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2",
-            )
-
-            // test only
-            library(
-                "junit",
-                "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.+",
-            )
-            library(
-                "assertj",
-                "org.assertj:assertj-core:3.+",
-            )
-            library(
-                "mockito",
-                "org.mockito:mockito-core:5.+",
-            )
-            library(
-                "mockito-kotlin",
-                "org.mockito.kotlin:mockito-kotlin:5.+",
-            )
-            library(
-                "mockk",
-                "io.mockk:mockk:1.+",
-            )
-            library(
-                "spring-boot-test",
-                "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-test:$springBootVersion",
-            )
-            library(
-                "spring-batch-test",
-                "org.springframework.batch:spring-batch-test:$springBatchVersion",
-            )
-            library(
-                "spring-jdbc",
-                "org.springframework:spring-jdbc:5.3.21",
-            )
-            library(
-                "h2",
-                "com.h2database:h2:2.1.214",
-            )
-            library(
-                "log4j",
-                "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-slf4j-impl:2.17.2",
-            )
-        }
-    }
 }