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                        Pattern Matching
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                        Interactive vs Non-Interactive Shell
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                        Login vs Non-Login Shell
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                        etc
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                            <b>3.</b>
                        
                        Test
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        Operators
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        Subshells
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                        Process Creation
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                            <b>5.</b>
                        
                        Commands
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                            <b>5.1.</b>
                        
                        Builtin Commands
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                            <b>5.1.1.</b>
                        
                        read
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                            <b>5.1.2.</b>
                        
                        printf
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                            <b>5.1.3.</b>
                        
                        eval
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                        getopts
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                        Keyword Commands
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                        Compound Commands
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                        Special Commands
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                        expr
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                        grep
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                        find
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                        xargs
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                            <b>6.</b>
                        
                        Arrays
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                            <b>7.</b>
                        
                        Shell Metacharacters
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                            <b>7.1.</b>
                        
                        Precedence
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                            <b>8.</b>
                        
                        Expansions and Substitutions
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                            <b>8.1.</b>
                        
                        Brace Expansion
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                            <b>8.2.</b>
                        
                        Tilde Expansion
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                            <b>8.3.</b>
                        
                        Parameter Expansion
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                            <b>8.4.</b>
                        
                        Arithmetic Expansion
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                            <b>8.5.</b>
                        
                        Command Substitution
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                            <b>8.6.</b>
                        
                        Process Substitution
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                            <b>8.7.</b>
                        
                        Word Splitting
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                            <b>8.8.</b>
                        
                        Filename Expansion
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                            <b>9.</b>
                        
                        Job Control
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                            <b>9.1.</b>
                        
                        Session and Process Group
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                            <b>9.2.</b>
                        
                        Process State Codes
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                            <b>9.3.</b>
                        
                        TTY
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                            <b>9.4.</b>
                        
                        Mutual Exclusion
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                            <b>10.</b>
                        
                        Redirections
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                            <b>10.1.</b>
                        
                        File Descriptors
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                            <b>10.2.</b>
                        
                        &lt;&lt; , &lt;&lt;&lt;
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                            <b>10.3.</b>
                        
                        Pipe
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                            <b>10.4.</b>
                        
                        Named Pipe
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                            <b>10.5.</b>
                        
                        Buffering
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                            <b>11.</b>
                        
                        Signals and Traps
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                            <b>11.1.</b>
                        
                        kill
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                            <b>11.2.</b>
                        
                        trap
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                            <b>11.3.</b>
                        
                        Signals Table
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                            <b>12.</b>
                        
                        Command Aliases
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                            <b>13.</b>
                        
                        Command History
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                            <b>14.</b>
                        
                        Command Completion
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                            <b>15.</b>
                        
                        Readline
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                            <b>16.</b>
                        
                        Colors and Prompt
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="17" data-path="shell_variables.html">
            
                
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                            <b>17.</b>
                        
                        Shell Variables
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                            <b>17.1.</b>
                        
                        Positional Parameters
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                            <b>17.2.</b>
                        
                        Special Parameters
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                            <b>18.</b>
                        
                        Shell Options
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                            <b>18.1.</b>
                        
                        Command-line options
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="19" data-path="debugging.html">
            
                
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                            <b>19.</b>
                        
                        Debugging
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                            <b>20.</b>
                        
                        Locale
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                            <b>21.</b>
                        
                        sh
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="22" data-path="tips.html">
            
                
                    <a href="./tips.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>22.</b>
                        
                        Tips
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="23" data-path="closing.html">
            
                
                    <a href="./closing.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>23.</b>
                        
                        맺음말
                    </a>
            
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="24" data-path="supplement.html">
            
                
                    <a href="./supplement.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>24.</b>
                        
                        별책부록
                    </a>
            
            
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    <!-- Title -->
    <h1>
        <i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
        <a href="./" >Introduction</a>
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                    <section class="normal" id="section-">
                    
                        <h1 id="pattern-matching">Pattern Matching</h1>
<p>Regular expression &#xC774; <code>[[ ]]</code> &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0; &#xD55C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC81C;&#xD55C;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB2E4;&#xBA74; glob &#xBB38;&#xC790; ( <code>*</code>, <code>?</code>, <code>[ ]</code> ) &#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xD328;&#xD134; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC740; &#xC258; &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8; &#xC804;&#xBC18;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. </p>
<ul>
<li>filename matching ( globbing )</li>
<li>case &#xBB38; &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;</li>
<li>&#xB9E4;&#xAC1C;&#xBCC0;&#xC218; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; ( substring removal, search and replace )</li>
<li><code>[[ ]]</code> &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="glob-&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC758;-&#xC758;&#xBBF8;">Glob &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">&#xBB38;&#xC790;</th>
<th>&#xC758;&#xBBF8;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong> * </strong></td>
<td>empty &#xB97C; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xD574; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC640; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. ( regex: <code>.*</code> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>?</strong></td>
<td>&#xC784;&#xC758;&#xC758; &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC640; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. ( regex: <code>.</code>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>[&#xA0;. . .&#xA0;]</strong></td>
<td>bracket &#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD; &#xB0B4;&#xC758; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC640; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="bracket-&#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD;">Bracket &#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD;</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">&#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD;</th>
<th>&#xC758;&#xBBF8;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>[XYZ]</strong></td>
<td>X or Y or Z &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC5D0; &#xB300;&#xD574; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>[X-Z]</strong></td>
<td>&#xC704; &#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD;&#xC744; <code>-</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; range &#xB85C; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0BC;&#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>[[:class:]]</strong></td>
<td>POSIX character class &#xC640; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>[^&#xA0;. . .&#xA0;]</strong><br><strong>[!&#xA0;. . .&#xA0;]</strong></td>
<td><code>^</code> , <code>!</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB294; NOT &#xC744; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.<br>&#xAC00;&#xB839; [^XYZ] &#xC774;&#xB77C;&#xBA74; XYZ &#xC774;&#xC678;&#xC758; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC640; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p><code>-</code> &#xB97C; &#xC77C;&#xBC18; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB85C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xB54C;&#xB294; &#xB450; &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xC0AC;&#xC774;&#xC5D0; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xAC8C; &#xB9C8;&#xC9C0;&#xB9C9;&#xC5D0;
&#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xC2DC;&#xD0A4;&#xBA74; &#xB418;&#xACE0; <code>]</code>, <code>[</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB294; &#xCC98;&#xC74C;&#xC5D0; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xC2DC;&#xD0A4;&#xBA74; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="character-classes">Character Classes</h4>
<p>&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;&#xC744; &#xBE44;&#xC2B7;&#xD55C; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB97C; &#xAC00;&#xC9C4; &#xADF8;&#xB8F9;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xB098;&#xB204;&#xC5B4;&#xB193;&#xC740; &#xAC83;&#xC774; character classes &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
<code>[[:alnum:]]</code> &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB294; <code>[ ]</code> bracket &#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD; &#xB0B4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>[:alnum:]</code> &#xC774;&#xB77C;&#xB294; &#xD074;&#xB798;&#xC2A4;&#xAC00; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xC5B4;
&#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; <code>[A-Za-z0-9]</code> &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB97C; &#xAC00;&#xC9C0;&#xAC8C; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; <code>[[:upper:][:digit:]]</code> &#xC758; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB294; <code>[A-Z0-9]</code> &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xAC8C; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Class</th>
<th>Represented</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>[[:alnum:]]</td>
<td><code>[A-Za-z0-9]</code></td>
<td>Alphanumeric characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:alpha:]]</td>
<td><code>[A-Za-z]</code></td>
<td>Alphabetic characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:lower:]]</td>
<td><code>[a-z]</code></td>
<td>Lower-case alphabetic characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:upper:]]</td>
<td><code>[A-Z]</code></td>
<td>Upper-case alphabetic characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:digit:]]</td>
<td><code>[0-9]</code></td>
<td>Numeric characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:xdigit:]]</td>
<td><code>[0-9a-fA-F]</code></td>
<td>Hexadecimal digit characters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:space:]]</td>
<td><code>[ \t\n\v\f\r]</code></td>
<td>All whitespace chars (form feed \x0c)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:blank:]]</td>
<td><code>[ \t]</code></td>
<td>Space, tab only</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:punct:]]</td>
<td><code>[!@#$%^&amp;*(){}[]...]</code></td>
<td>&#xD0A4;&#xBCF4;&#xB4DC;&#xC5D0; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xC22B;&#xC790;, &#xB300;,&#xC18C;&#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xBE7C;&#xACE0; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xBB38;&#xC790;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:graph:]]</td>
<td><code>[!-~]</code></td>
<td>Printable and visible characters<br>(ASCII &#xD14C;&#xC774;&#xBE14;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>!</code> &#xBD80;&#xD130; <code>~</code> &#xAE4C;&#xC9C0;)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:print:]]</td>
<td><code>[ -~]</code></td>
<td>Printable (non-Control) characters<br>(ASCII &#xD14C;&#xC774;&#xBE14;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>space</code> &#xBD80;&#xD130; <code>~</code> &#xAE4C;&#xC9C0;)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[[:cntrl:]]</td>
<td><code>[\x00-\x19\x7F]</code></td>
<td>Control characters</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p><code>[[:graph:]]</code> &#xC640; <code>[[:print:]]</code> &#xB294; space &#xB97C; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xD558;&#xACE0; &#xC548; &#xD558;&#xACE0; &#xCC28;&#xC774;  </p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC608;-">&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC608; )</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ ls
address.class  address.java  read.c  read.h  write.c  write.h

$ ls *.[ch]      <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC790;&#xAC00; 1 &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xC774;&#xACE0; &apos;c&apos; &#xB610;&#xB294; &apos;h&apos; &#xC778; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;</span>
$ ls *.?         <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC790;&#xAC00; 1 &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC778; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;</span>
read.c  read.h  write.c  write.h

$ ls *.[^c]      <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC790;&#xAC00; 1 &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xC774;&#xACE0; &apos;c&apos; &#xAC00; &#xC544;&#xB2CC; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;</span>
read.h write.h

$ ls *.??*       <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC790;&#xAC00; 2 &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xC774;&#xC0C1;&#xC778; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;</span>
address.class  address.java
.............................................................

$ AA=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;inventory.tar.gz&quot;</span>

$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> == *.tar.gz ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> == inventory.tar.?? ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC5D0; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74; escape &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ AA=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;hello dog cat world&apos;</span>

$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> == *dog\ cat* ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
</code></pre>
<p><a name="extended_pattern"></a></p>
<h2 id="extended-pattern">Extended Pattern</h2>
<p>glob &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC740; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D; &#xB2A5;&#xB825;&#xC774; &#xC81C;&#xD55C;&#xC801;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xB54C; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC744; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; regex &#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC744; &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC740; bash &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB9CC; &#xC81C;&#xACF5;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; <code>[[ ]]</code> &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xD56D;&#xC0C1;
&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; prompt &#xC0C1;&#xC774;&#xB098; shell &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xD560; &#xB54C;&#xB294; disable &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xB54C;&#xB294; <code>shopt -s extglob</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; enable &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. </p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xC544;&#xB798; &#xD14C;&#xC774;&#xBE14;&#xC744; &#xBCF4;&#xBA74; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xBB38;&#xBC95;&#xC774; &#xD2C0;&#xB824;&#xC11C; &#xADF8;&#xB807;&#xC9C0; regex &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC81C;&#xACF5;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">&#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD;</th>
<th>&#xC758;&#xBBF8;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">?(&lt;PATTERN-LIST&gt;)</td>
<td>&#xC8FC;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C4; &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC774; zero or one &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">*(&lt;PATTERN-LIST&gt;)</td>
<td>&#xC8FC;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C4; &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC774; zero or more &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">+(&lt;PATTERN-LIST&gt;)</td>
<td>&#xC8FC;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C4; &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC774; one or more &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">@(&lt;PATTERN-LIST&gt;)</td>
<td>&#xC8FC;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C4; &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC774; one &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">!(&lt;PATTERN-LIST&gt;)</td>
<td><code>!</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB294; not &#xC758; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB85C; &#xC8FC;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C4; &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xACFC; &#xC77C;&#xCE58;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC73C;&#xBA74; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.<br>( &#xC8FC;&#xC758;: empty &#xC77C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB3C4; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC5D0; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. )</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134; &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xC54C;&#xD30C;&#xBCB3; &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xC790;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0; ?, *, [...] &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC774; &#xC62C;&#xC218;&#xC788;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ [[ abc == @(axc|ayc|a?c) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes     <span class="hljs-comment"># @( )</span>
yes
$ [[ abxc == ab?(x|y|z)c ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes       <span class="hljs-comment"># ?( )</span>
yes
$ [[ abxyc == ab+(x|y|z)c ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes      <span class="hljs-comment"># +( )</span>
yes
</code></pre>
<h4 id="&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC608;-">&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC608; )</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># *.jpg &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xC678;&#xD558;&#xACE0; &#xC804;&#xBD80;</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> !(*.jpg)

<span class="hljs-comment"># *.jpg , *.gif , *.png &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xC678;&#xD558;&#xACE0; &#xC804;&#xBD80; </span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> !(*.jpg|*.gif|*.png)

--------------------------------------------

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC22B;&#xC790;&#xB85C;&#xB41C; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB9CC; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> ./+([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>-<span class="hljs-number">9</span>])
./<span class="hljs-number">0001</span> ./<span class="hljs-number">0002</span> ./<span class="hljs-number">0003</span> ...

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> ./foo+([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>-<span class="hljs-number">9</span>])
./foo12 ./foo123 ./foo1234 ...

--------------------------------------------

<span class="hljs-comment"># ?(make) &#xC740; make &#xAC00; zero or one &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;</span>
$ [[ --file == @(<span class="hljs-operator">-f</span>|--?(make)file) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes
[[ --makefile == @(<span class="hljs-operator">-f</span>|--?(make)file) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes
$ [[ <span class="hljs-string">&quot;-f&quot;</span> == @(<span class="hljs-operator">-f</span>|--?(make)file) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes

------------------------------------------------

$ foo=<span class="hljs-number">127.0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>
$ [[ $(&lt; /etc/hosts) == *<span class="hljs-variable">$foo</span>+([[:blank:]])localhost* ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes
<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC704; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC740; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xACFC; &#xC2E4;&#xD589; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xAC00; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ cat /etc/hosts | grep -Eq <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$foo</span>[[:blank:]]+localhost&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes

----------------------------------------------

$ path=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;../..//./&apos;</span>
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$path</span> == @(./|../|/) ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?     <span class="hljs-comment"># @( )</span>
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$path</span> == +(./|../|/) ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?     <span class="hljs-comment"># +( )</span>
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>

----------------------------------------------

<span class="hljs-comment"># empty &#xAC12; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC740; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC;&#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ foo=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$foo</span> == ?(+([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>-<span class="hljs-number">9</span>])) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes      <span class="hljs-comment"># ?( ) &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;</span>
yes
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$foo</span> == @(+([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>-<span class="hljs-number">9</span>])|<span class="hljs-string">&apos;&apos;</span>) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes   <span class="hljs-comment"># &quot;&quot; or &apos;&apos; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;</span>
yes
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$foo</span> == @(+([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>-<span class="hljs-number">9</span>])|) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes     <span class="hljs-comment"># OK</span>
yes

----------------------------------------------

$ AA=apple
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> == @(ba*(na)|a+(p)le) ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>

$ AA=banana
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> == @(ba*(na)|a+(p)le) ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>

$ AA=applebanana
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> == @(ba*(na)|a+(p)le) ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> == +(ba*(na)|a+(p)le) ]]; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $?
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#xD328;&#xD134;&#xAC12;&#xC5D0; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560;&#xC218;&#xB3C4; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># @(${methods// /|}) &#xB294; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xAC00; @(GET|POST|PUT|HEAD...) &#xAC00; &#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>

<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> i methods=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;GET POST PUT HEAD DELETE PATCH OPTIONS CONNECT TRACE&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (( i = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-variable">${#COMP_WORDS[@]}</span>; i++ )); <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span>
    [[ <span class="hljs-variable">${COMP_WORDS[i]}</span> == @(<span class="hljs-variable">${methods// /|}</span>) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">break</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">done</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC740; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; nesting &#xD574;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xB3C4; &#xAC00;&#xB2A5;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">$ val=aaxx
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$val</span> == aa@(xx|yy@(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>|<span class="hljs-number">2</span>|<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes

$ val=aayy
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$val</span> == aa@(xx|yy@(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>|<span class="hljs-number">2</span>|<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
$

$ val=aayy2
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$val</span> == aa@(xx|yy@(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>|<span class="hljs-number">2</span>|<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes

$ [[ <span class="hljs-string">&quot;d&quot;</span> == @(a|b|@(c|@(d|e))) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes     <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xB450; &#xC2DD;&#xC740; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xAC00; &#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
yes
$ [[ <span class="hljs-string">&quot;d&quot;</span> == [abcde] ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes
</code></pre>
<p>&#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560;&#xB550; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xB3C4; &#xAC12;&#xC5D0; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB418;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &#xC8FC;&#xC758;&#xD574;&#xC57C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">$ val=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;--aa&quot;</span>

$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$val</span> == @(--aa|--bb) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
yes
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$val</span> == @( --aa|--bb) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
$
$ [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$val</span> == @(--aa |--bb) ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes
$
</code></pre>
<h4 id="&#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134;-&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC2DC;-&#xC8FC;&#xC758;&#xD560;-&#xC810;">&#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC2DC; &#xC8FC;&#xC758;&#xD560; &#xC810;</h4>
<p>&#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC744; &#xB9E4;&#xAC1C;&#xBCC0;&#xC218; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xACFC; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xC5D0; &#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xC18D;&#xB3C4;&#xAC00; &#xB9CE;&#xC774; &#xB290;&#xB824;&#xC9C8; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xC640;&#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD574;&#xC57C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; regex &#xC774; &#xC544;&#xB2C8;&#xB77C; simple pattern matcher &#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xADF8;&#xB807;&#xB2E4;&#xACE0; &#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370; &#xAC1C;&#xC120;&#xC774; 
&#xD544;&#xC694;&#xD558;&#xB2E4;&#xACE0; &#xC0DD;&#xAC01;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xADF8;&#xB9AC;&#xACE0; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xB294; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC758; &#xC0AC;&#xC774;&#xC988;&#xAC00; &#xD074; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; &#xC678;&#xBD80; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xD574;&#xC11C;&#xB77C;&#xB3C4;
( &#xC608;&#xB97C;&#xB4E4;&#xBA74; sed ) regex &#xB85C; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xAC8C; &#xC18D;&#xB3C4;&#xAC00; &#xB354; &#xC798; &#xB098;&#xC635;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC785;&#xB825;&#xAC12;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC5F0;&#xC774;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; space, tab, newline &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; space &#xB85C; &#xCE58;&#xD658;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC791;&#xC5C5;.</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">help</span>=$( find --help )                 <span class="hljs-comment"># &quot;find --help&quot; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xADF8;&#xB807;&#xAC8C; &#xD070;&#xAC83;&#xB3C4; &#xC544;&#xB2CC;&#xB370;</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">${help//+([$&apos; \t\n&apos;])/ }</span>&quot;</span>       <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xBABB;&#xD558;&#xACE0; &#xC815;&#xC9C0;&#xD574; &#xBC84;&#xB9B0;&#xB2E4;.</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">${help//[$&apos; \t\n&apos;]/ }</span>&quot;</span>          <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xBB38;&#xC81C;&#xAC00; &#xC5C6;&#xB2E4;.</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">help</span>=$( find --help | head -n10 )     <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC544;&#xC8FC; &#xC791;&#xC740; &#xAC12;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB9CC; &#xACA8;&#xC6B0; &#xB3D9;&#xC791;.</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">${help//+([$&apos; \t\n&apos;])/ }</span>&quot;</span>
----------------------------------------

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">help</span>=$( <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$help</span> )          <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC774;&#xB7F4;&#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; &#xB2E4;&#xB978;&#xBC29;&#xBC95;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xAC8C; &#xBE60;&#xB974;&#xB2E4;.</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">help</span>=$( &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$help</span> sed -Ez <span class="hljs-string">&apos;s/[ \t\n]+/ /g&apos;</span> )
</code></pre>
<h1 id="quiz">Quiz</h1>
<p><code>*</code> glob &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;
&#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; <code>.</code> &#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC2DC;&#xC791;&#xD558;&#xB294; hidden &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC740; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
hidden &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB3C4; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74; &#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xD560;&#xAE4C;&#xC694;?</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC; &#xAD6C;&#xC131;&#xC774; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC744; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;</span>
$ ls <span class="hljs-operator">-a</span>
./  ../  .aaa/  .bbb/  .ccc/  bar/  foo/  zoo/  .hidden.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt

$ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> file <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> *; <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$file</span>&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">done</span>             <span class="hljs-comment"># hidden &#xC774; &#xC544;&#xB2CC; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;</span>
bar
file1.txt
file2.txt
foo
zoo

$ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> file <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> .*[^.]*; <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$file</span>&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">done</span>       <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; hidden &#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;</span>
.aaa                                               <span class="hljs-comment"># &apos;...&apos; &apos;....&apos; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB3C4; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74;</span>
.bbb                                               <span class="hljs-comment"># .*[^.]* ...*</span>
.ccc
.hidden.txt

$ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> file <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> * .*[^.]*; <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$file</span>&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">done</span>     <span class="hljs-comment"># hidden &#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;, &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;</span>
bar
file1.txt
file2.txt
foo
zoo
.aaa
.bbb
.ccc
.hidden.txt
</code></pre>
<h1 id="2-">2 .</h1>
<p><code>/usr/bin</code> &#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>qemu-*</code> &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xB9AC;&#xC2A4;&#xD305; &#xD574;&#xBCF4;&#xBA74; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xC758; 
&#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xC774;&#xB984;&#xC774; &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
&#xC774;&#xC911;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC774;&#xB984; &#xC911;&#xAC04;&#xC5D0; <code>-system-</code> &#xC774; &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB9CC; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74; &#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xD560;&#xAE4C;&#xC694;?</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">$ ls <span class="hljs-operator">-l</span> /usr/bin/qemu-*
. . .
/usr/bin/qemu-hppa                 /usr/bin/qemu-system-aarch64
/usr/bin/qemu-hppa-static          /usr/bin/qemu-system-alpha
/usr/bin/qemu-i386                 /usr/bin/qemu-system-arm
/usr/bin/qemu-i386-static          /usr/bin/qemu-system-avr
. . .
</code></pre>
<p>&#xCCAB; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8;&#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC548;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC65C;&#xB0D0;&#xD558;&#xBA74; <code>!(system-)</code> &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xC740; empty &#xC77C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB3C4; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC5D0; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB418;&#xAE30; &#xB54C;&#xBB38;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">$ ls /usr/bin/qemu-!(system-)* | wc <span class="hljs-operator">-l</span>        <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD2C0;&#xB9B0; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;</span>
<span class="hljs-number">106</span>

$ ls /usr/bin/qemu-* | wc <span class="hljs-operator">-l</span>
<span class="hljs-number">106</span>

---------------------------------------

$ ls /usr/bin/qemu-!(system-*) | wc <span class="hljs-operator">-l</span>        <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB9DE;&#xB294; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;</span>
<span class="hljs-number">73</span>
</code></pre>
<p><a name="quiz-option"></a></p>
<h1 id="3-">3 .</h1>
<p>&#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC5D0;&#xB294; <code>-a</code> ( short &#xC635;&#xC158; ) &#xACFC; <code>--foo</code> ( long &#xC635;&#xC158; ) &#xC774; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xC911;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; short &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC740; &#xC5EC;&#xB7EC;&#xAC1C;&#xB97C; &#xBD99;&#xC5EC;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
&#xAC00;&#xB839; <code>-a</code> <code>-b</code> <code>-c</code> &#xC138; &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC774; &#xC788;&#xACE0; &#xC774;&#xC911;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>-b</code> &#xAC00; &#xC635;&#xC158; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xAC16;&#xB294;&#xB2E4;&#xBA74;
<code>-acb 123</code> &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<p>&#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xD560;&#xB54C; <code>-b</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC12; 123 &#xC744; &#xAD6C;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74;
<code>-b 123</code> , <code>-ab 123</code> , <code>-cb 123</code> , <code>-cab 123</code> &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB97C; &#xBAA8;&#xB450; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xD574;&#xC57C; &#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;
&#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB420;&#xAE4C;&#xC694;?</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB9CC;&#xC57D;&#xC5D0; -d &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xB3C4; &#xC635;&#xC158; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xAC16;&#xB294;&#xB2E4;&#xBA74; -!(-*)[bd] &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB418;&#xACA0;&#xC8E0;</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">foo</span></span>() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$1</span> == -!(-*)b ]]; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>        <span class="hljs-comment"># !( ) &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xD328;&#xD134; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;-<span class="hljs-variable">${1: -1}</span> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC758; &#xAC12;&#xC740; <span class="hljs-variable">$2</span> &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment"># -!(-*)b &#xD574;&#xC11D;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 1. &#xBA3C;&#xC800; -acb &#xC635;&#xC158; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xCC98;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xB9C8;&#xC9C0;&#xB9C9; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xAC01;&#xAC01; &quot;-&quot;, &quot;b&quot; &#xC774;&#xC5B4;&#xC57C; &#xD55C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 2. &#xADF8;&#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xC0AC;&#xC774;&#xC5D0;&#xC788;&#xB294; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &quot;-*&quot; &#xC640; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC774; &#xC548;&#xB418;&#xBA74; &#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
--------------------------------------------------------

$ foo -b <span class="hljs-number">123</span>                              $ foo -ba <span class="hljs-number">123</span>
-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC758; &#xAC12;&#xC740; <span class="hljs-number">123</span> &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.                    $

$ foo -ab <span class="hljs-number">123</span>                             $ foo -abc <span class="hljs-number">123</span>
-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC758; &#xAC12;&#xC740; <span class="hljs-number">123</span> &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.                    $

$ foo -cb <span class="hljs-number">123</span>                             $ foo --b <span class="hljs-number">123</span>        <span class="hljs-comment"># long &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xB3C4;</span>
-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC758; &#xAC12;&#xC740; <span class="hljs-number">123</span> &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.                    $                    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC774; &#xB418;&#xBA74; &#xC548;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>

$ foo -cab <span class="hljs-number">123</span>                            $ foo --acb <span class="hljs-number">123</span>
-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC758; &#xAC12;&#xC740; <span class="hljs-number">123</span> &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.                    $
</code></pre>
<p>&#xC774;&#xBC88;&#xC5D0;&#xB294; &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC778;&#xC218; &#xAC12;&#xC744; &#xAD6C;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC774; &#xC544;&#xB2C8;&#xB77C; &#xB2E8;&#xC21C;&#xD788; &#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC774; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xC9C0; &#xCCB4;&#xD06C;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">bar</span></span>() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> [[ <span class="hljs-variable">$1</span> == -!(-*)b* ]]; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC774; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span>
}
----------------------------------------------------

$ bar -b                                  $ bar --b
-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC774; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.                   $

$ bar -ab                                 $ bar --ab
-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC774; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.                   $

$ bar -abc                                $ bar --abc
-b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC774; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.                   $
</code></pre>
<h1 id="4-">4 .</h1>
<p><code>*</code>, <code>?</code>, <code>[ ]</code> glob &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xD328;&#xD134;&#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC744; C &#xC5B8;&#xC5B4;&#xB85C; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD574; &#xBCF4;&#xB294;&#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC5D0; &#xC131;&#xACF5;&#xD558;&#xBA74; <code>yes</code> &#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD558;&#xACE0; &#xC2E4;&#xD328;&#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; <code>no</code> &#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xAC04;&#xB2E8;&#xD788; &#xD558;&#xAE30;&#xC704;&#xD574; <code>[ ]</code> &#xD45C;&#xD604;&#xC2DD;&#xC740; <code>[abcd]</code> &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xB9CC; &#xAD6C;&#xD604;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xD328;&#xD134;&#xB9E4;&#xCE6D;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD55C; substitution &#xC740; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xC8FC;&#xC18C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBCFC; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.<br><a href="https://gist.github.com/mug896/f4ea12b8cee4a707edf13fe4b7641496" target="_blank">https://gist.github.com/mug896/f4ea12b8cee4a707edf13fe4b7641496</a></p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-sh">$ gcc pattern.c

$ ./a.out 

Usage: ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;string&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;pattern&apos;</span>

$ ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;foobar&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;foo*&apos;</span>              $ ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;abcc&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*[xya]*[xyc]&apos;</span>
yes                                    yes
$ ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;foobar&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*bar&apos;</span>              $ ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;abcc&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*[xya]*[xyc]?&apos;</span>
yes                                    yes
$ ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;foobar&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*oba*&apos;</span>             $ ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;abcc&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*[xya]*[xyc]??&apos;</span>
yes                                    no
$ ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;foobar&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;fo*ar&apos;</span>
yes

$ [[ <span class="hljs-string">&apos;abcc&apos;</span> == *[xya]*[xyc]?? ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> yes || <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> no    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB9DE;&#xB294;&#xC9C0; &#xD14C;&#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;</span>
no
</code></pre>
<p>&#xC774;&#xB7F0; &#xC885;&#xB958;&#xC758; &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xADF8;&#xB7A8;&#xC740; &#xB418;&#xB3C4;&#xB85D;&#xC774;&#xBA74; <code>strlen()</code> &#xD568;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294;&#xCABD;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xAC8C; &#xC88B;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xCC38;&#xACE0;&#xC0AC;&#xC774;&#xD2B8;: <a href="https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spr09/cos333/beautiful.html" target="_blank">https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spr09/cos333/beautiful.html</a></p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-c"><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;stdbool.h&gt;</span></span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">matchhere</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span></span>;

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">matchstar</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ( <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; str[i] != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>; i++) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (matchhere(str + i, pat))
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">matchhere</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, j = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ( ; str[i] != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; pat[j] != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>; i++, j++)
    {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (pat[j] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;?&apos;</span>) 
            <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (pat[j] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;[&apos;</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> match = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (j++; pat[j] != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; pat[j] != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;]&apos;</span>; j++)
                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (str[i] == pat[j]) match = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (! match) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (pat[j] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*&apos;</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (pat[j] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*&apos;</span>) j++;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (pat[j] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> matchstar(str + i, pat + j);
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (str[i] != pat[j]) 
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (pat[j] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*&apos;</span>) j++;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (str[i] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; pat[j] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>);
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">match</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (str[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; pat[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> matchhere(str, pat);
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">usage</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *cmd)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">fprintf</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">stderr</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\nUsage: %s &apos;string&apos; &apos;pattern&apos;\n\n&quot;</span>, cmd); 
    <span class="hljs-built_in">exit</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> argc, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *argv[])</span> 
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (argc &lt; <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) usage(argv[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]);
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (match(argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], argv[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>])) {
        <span class="hljs-built_in">puts</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;yes&quot;</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
        <span class="hljs-built_in">puts</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;no&quot;</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#xC544;&#xB798;&#xB294; &#xC704;&#xC640; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD55C; &#xCF54;&#xB4DC;&#xC778;&#xB370; array &#xB300;&#xC2E0;&#xC5D0; &#xD3EC;&#xC778;&#xD130;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD55C; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
<code>str[i]</code> &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xB97C; <code>*str</code> &#xB85C; &#xBC14;&#xAFB8;&#xAE30;&#xB9CC; &#xD558;&#xBA74;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xADF8;&#xB7EC;&#xBA74; <code>i</code>, <code>j</code> &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xC778;&#xB371;&#xC2A4; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB3C4; &#xD544;&#xC694;&#xC5C6;&#xACE0; &#xC880; &#xB354; &#xAC04;&#xB2E8;&#xD574; &#xC9D1;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-c"><span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;stdbool.h&gt;</span></span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">matchhere</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span></span>;

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">matchstar</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ( ; *str != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>; str++) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (matchhere(str, pat))
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">matchhere</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ( ; *str != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; *pat != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>; str++, pat++)
    {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (*pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;?&apos;</span>) 
            <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (*pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;[&apos;</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> match = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (pat++; *pat != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; *pat != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;]&apos;</span>; pat++)
                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (*str == *pat) match = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (! match) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (*pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*&apos;</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (*pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*&apos;</span>) pat++;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (*pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> matchstar(str, pat);
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (*str != *pat) 
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (*pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*&apos;</span>) pat++;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (*str == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; *pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>);
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> <span class="hljs-title">match</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *str, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *pat)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (*str == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span> &amp;&amp; *pat == <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\0&apos;</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> matchhere(str, pat);
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">usage</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *cmd)</span>
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">fprintf</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">stderr</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\nUsage: %s &apos;string&apos; &apos;pattern&apos;\n\n&quot;</span>, cmd); 
    <span class="hljs-built_in">exit</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
}

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> argc, <span class="hljs-keyword">char</span> *argv[])</span> 
</span>{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (argc &lt; <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) usage(argv[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]);
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (match(argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], argv[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>])) {
        <span class="hljs-built_in">puts</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;yes&quot;</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
    } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
        <span class="hljs-built_in">puts</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;no&quot;</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p><code>uftrace</code> &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD568;&#xC218; &#xD638;&#xCD9C; &#xAD00;&#xACC4;&#xB97C; &#xD55C;&#xB208;&#xC5D0; &#xBCFC; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xA0;&#xA0;[<a href="https://blackinkgj.github.io/uftrace-installation/" target="_blank">&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xBC95;</a>] </p>
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># -O2 &#xCD5C;&#xC801;&#xD654; &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC801;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xCD9C;&#xB825; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xAC00; &#xB2EC;&#xB77C;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC744; &#xBCFC; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ gcc -pg -g -O2 pattern.c 

$ uftrace <span class="hljs-operator">-a</span> ./a.out <span class="hljs-string">&apos;abcc&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;*[xya]*[xyc]??&apos;</span> 
no
<span class="hljs-comment"># DURATION     TID     FUNCTION</span>
   <span class="hljs-number">2.164</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] | __monstartup();
   <span class="hljs-number">0.903</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] | __cxa_atexit();
            [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] | main(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>x7ffc4044b658) {
            [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |   match(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;abcc&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;*[xya]*[xyc]??&quot;</span>) {
            [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |     matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;abcc&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;*[xya]*[xyc]??&quot;</span>) {
            [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |       matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;abcc&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;[xya]*[xyc]??&quot;</span>) {
   <span class="hljs-number">2.397</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |         matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bcc&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;[xyc]??&quot;</span>) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
   <span class="hljs-number">0.309</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |         matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;cc&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;[xyc]??&quot;</span>) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
   <span class="hljs-number">0.241</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |         matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;c&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;[xyc]??&quot;</span>) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
   <span class="hljs-number">4.690</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |       } = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; /* matchhere */
   <span class="hljs-number">0.282</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |       matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bcc&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;[xya]*[xyc]??&quot;</span>) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
   <span class="hljs-number">0.198</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |       matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;cc&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;[xya]*[xyc]??&quot;</span>) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
   <span class="hljs-number">0.200</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |       matchhere(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;c&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;[xya]*[xyc]??&quot;</span>) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
   <span class="hljs-number">6.660</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |     } = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; /* matchhere */
 <span class="hljs-number">140.324</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |   } = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; /* match */
  <span class="hljs-number">14.180</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] |   puts(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;no&quot;</span>) = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
 <span class="hljs-number">157.326</span> us [  <span class="hljs-number">5783</span>] | } = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; /* main */
</code></pre>

                    
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