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Sort
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<p>AWK 는 array 에 값이 입력될 때 기본적으로 정렬을 하지 않습니다.
다시 말해서 array 에 값이 입력된 순서대로 출력이 되지 않습니다.
index 나 value 별로 정렬하여 출력하려면 <code>PROCINFO["sorted_in"]</code> 변수를 설정하는 방법이나
<code>asort()</code>, <code>asorti()</code> 함수를 이용해야 합니다.</p>
<p>다음은 테스트를 위한 코드인데요. index 값으로는 두 자리 정수 random 넘버를 사용하였고,
value 값은 실제 array 에 입력된 순서가 됩니다.
출력 결과를 보면 index 도 정렬이 안 돼있고 array 에 입력된 순서에 따라 출력도 되지 않고 있습니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN{ srand()
for ( i=0; i<10; i++ )
arr[ int(rand() * 100 - 50) ] = i # index 는 random, value 는 입력 순서가 된다.
for ( i in arr )
printf "index %3d : value %d\n", i, arr[i]
}'</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">15</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">17</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">0</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">6</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">25</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">9</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">16</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">40</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">7</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">48</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">43</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">27</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
</code></pre>
<p>array 에서 index 가 자동으로 정렬되는 경우가 한가지 있는데요.
바로 index 값이 양의 정수일 때입니다.
다음을 보면 index 값으로 양의 정수 random 넘버를 사용하였는데
index 가 순서대로 정렬되어 출력되는 것을 볼 수 있습니다.
따라서 array 에 값을 입력할 때 입력된 순서대로 출력하고 싶으면
index 값을 양의 정수로 하면 됩니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN{ srand()
for ( i=1; i<=10; i++ )
arr[ int(rand() * 100) ] = i
for ( i in arr )
printf "index %3d : value %d\n", i, arr[i]
}'</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">1</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">7</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">7</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">13</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">6</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">39</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">45</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">67</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">77</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">90</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">10</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">97</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># index 값이 random 넘버이기 때문에 중복될 수가 있어서</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># array 원소 개수가 10 개 미만으로 나올 수가 있습니다.</span>
</code></pre>
<p>awk 는 <code>PROCINFO["sorted_in"]</code> 변수값 설정을 통해서 index 나 value 별로 정렬을 하여 출력할 수가 있습니다.
기본적으로 아래 표에서 보는 바와 같이 숫자 or 스트링 비교를 통한 오름, 내림차순 정렬을 지원하지만
사용자가 직접 비교 함수를 작성하여 적용할 수도 있습니다.
이 설정은 <code>for ( idx in array )</code> 문으로 array 값을 출력할 때 적용되는 것으로
필요할 때마다 for 문 이전에 위치하여 여러 번 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>PROCINFO ["sorted_in"]</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>@unsorted</strong></td>
<td>index 를 정렬하지 않습니다. ( default 값입니다. ) <br> ( index 가 양의 정수일 경우 정렬됩니다. )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@ind_str_asc</strong></td>
<td>index 값을 스트링 비교를 해서 ascending order 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@ind_str_desc</strong></td>
<td>index 값을 스트링 비교를 해서 descending order 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@ind_num_asc</strong></td>
<td>index 값을 숫자 비교를 해서 ascending order 정렬합니다.<br>( 숫자가 아닌 경우 0 으로 취급됩니다. )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@ind_num_desc</strong></td>
<td>index 값을 숫자 비교를 해서 descending order 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@val_str_asc</strong></td>
<td>value 값을 스트링 비교를 해서 ascending order 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@val_str_desc</strong></td>
<td>value 값을 스트링 비교를 해서 descending order 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@val_num_asc</strong></td>
<td>value 값을 숫자 비교를 해서 ascending order 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@val_num_desc</strong></td>
<td>value 값을 숫자 비교를 해서 descending order 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@val_type_asc</strong></td>
<td>value 값의 type 에 따라 ascending order 정렬합니다.<br>숫자로 된 값이 제일 먼저 나오고 다음으로 스트링, subarray<br>순서로 정렬합니다. 숫자->스트링->subarray</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>@val_type_desc</strong></td>
<td>value 값의 type 에 따라 descending order 정렬합니다.<br>subarray->스트링->숫자 순서로 정렬합니다.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>다음은 <code>@ind_num_asc</code> 값 설정을 통하여 음수가 포함된 index 값을 정렬하여 출력하는 예입니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN{ srand()
for ( i=0; i<10; i++ )
arr[ int(rand() * 100 - 50) ] = i
PROCINFO["sorted_in"]="@ind_num_asc"
for ( i in arr )
printf "index %3d : value %d\n", i, arr[i]
}'</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">43</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">35</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">6</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">27</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">11</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">9</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
index -<span class="hljs-number">7</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">2</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">7</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">19</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">30</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">47</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
</code></pre>
<p>다음은 두 개의 <code>for (idx in array)</code> 문에 대해서 각각 <code>PROCINFO["sorted_in"]</code> 값을 적용시켰을 때
출력값이 어떻게 변하는지 비교해 보세요</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN {
a["ccc"] = "aaa3"
a["aaa"] = "aaa1"
a["bbb"] = "aaa2"
b["bbb"] = "bbb2"
b["aaa"] = "bbb1"
b["ccc"] = "bbb3"
for ( i in a ) print a[i]
for ( j in b ) print b[j]
}'</span>
aaa1 <span class="hljs-comment"># 1,3,2 정렬 안됨</span>
aaa3
aaa2
bbb1 <span class="hljs-comment"># 1,3,2 정렬 안됨</span>
bbb3
bbb2
----------------------------------
$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN {
a["ccc"] = "aaa3"
a["aaa"] = "aaa1"
a["bbb"] = "aaa2"
b["bbb"] = "bbb2"
b["aaa"] = "bbb1"
b["ccc"] = "bbb3"
PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc"
for ( i in a ) print a[i]
for ( j in b ) print b[j]
}'</span>
aaa1 <span class="hljs-comment"># 1,2,3 asc 정렬</span>
aaa2
aaa3
bbb1 <span class="hljs-comment"># 1,2,3 asc 정렬</span>
bbb2
bbb3
--------------------------------------------
$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN {
a["ccc"] = "aaa3"
a["aaa"] = "aaa1"
a["bbb"] = "aaa2"
b["bbb"] = "bbb2"
b["aaa"] = "bbb1"
b["ccc"] = "bbb3"
PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc"
for ( i in a ) print a[i]
PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_desc"
for ( j in b ) print b[j]
}'</span>
aaa1 <span class="hljs-comment"># 1,2,3 asc 정렬</span>
aaa2
aaa3
bbb3 <span class="hljs-comment"># 3,2,1 desc 정렬</span>
bbb2
bbb1
<span class="hljs-comment">##################### 두 번째 예제 #########################</span>
$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN {
a["ccc"]["ccc"] = "ccc3"
a["ccc"]["aaa"] = "ccc1"
a["ccc"]["bbb"] = "ccc2"
a["aaa"]["bbb"] = "aaa2"
a["aaa"]["aaa"] = "aaa1"
a["aaa"]["ccc"] = "aaa3"
a["bbb"]["aaa"] = "bbb1"
a["bbb"]["ccc"] = "bbb3"
a["bbb"]["bbb"] = "bbb2"
for ( i in a )
for ( j in a[i] )
print a[i][j]
}'</span>
aaa1 <span class="hljs-comment"># aaa,ccc,bbb 정렬 안됨</span>
aaa3 <span class="hljs-comment"># 1, 3, 2 정렬 안됨</span>
aaa2
ccc1
ccc3
ccc2
bbb1
bbb3
bbb2
----------------------------------
$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN {
a["ccc"]["ccc"] = "ccc3"
a["ccc"]["aaa"] = "ccc1"
a["ccc"]["bbb"] = "ccc2"
a["aaa"]["bbb"] = "aaa2"
a["aaa"]["aaa"] = "aaa1"
a["aaa"]["ccc"] = "aaa3"
a["bbb"]["aaa"] = "bbb1"
a["bbb"]["ccc"] = "bbb3"
a["bbb"]["bbb"] = "bbb2"
PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc"
for ( i in a )
for ( j in a[i] )
print a[i][j]
}'</span>
aaa1 <span class="hljs-comment"># aaa,bbb,ccc asc 정렬</span>
aaa2 <span class="hljs-comment"># 1, 2, 3 asc 정렬</span>
aaa3
bbb1
bbb2
bbb3
ccc1
ccc2
ccc3
------------------------------------------
$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'BEGIN {
a["ccc"]["ccc"] = "ccc3"
a["ccc"]["aaa"] = "ccc1"
a["ccc"]["bbb"] = "ccc2"
a["aaa"]["bbb"] = "aaa2"
a["aaa"]["aaa"] = "aaa1"
a["aaa"]["ccc"] = "aaa3"
a["bbb"]["aaa"] = "bbb1"
a["bbb"]["ccc"] = "bbb3"
a["bbb"]["bbb"] = "bbb2"
PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc"
for ( i in a ) {
PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_desc"
for ( j in a[i] )
print a[i][j]
}
}'</span>
aaa3 <span class="hljs-comment"># aaa,bbb,ccc asc 정렬</span>
aaa2 <span class="hljs-comment"># 3, 2, 1 desc 정렬</span>
aaa1
bbb3
bbb2
bbb1
ccc3
ccc2
ccc1
</code></pre>
<p><a name="asort"></a></p>
<h3 id="asort-asorti-함수">asort, asorti 함수</h3>
<p><code>asort()</code>, <code>asorti()</code> 함수를 이용하는 방법은 array 에서 index 나 value 값만 따로 분리하여
양의 정수를 index 로 가지는 정렬된 array 를 만들고자 할때 사용합니다.
<code>asort()</code> 함수는 value 를 type_asc 정렬하고 ( <code>@val_type_asc</code> 와 같이 )
<code>asorti()</code> 함수는 index 를 type_asc 정렬합니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># asort() 함수를 이용한 value 정렬</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 기존 array 는 삭제되고 양의 정수를 index 로 갖는 정렬된 array 가 생성된다.</span>
$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'
BEGIN {
arr["ZZ"] = 30
arr["YY"] = 10
arr[70] = "BB"
arr[90] = 20
arr[80] = "AA"
asort(arr)
for ( i in arr )
printf "index %s : value %s\n", i, arr[i]
}'</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">1</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">10</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">2</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">20</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">3</span> : value <span class="hljs-number">30</span>
index <span class="hljs-number">4</span> : value AA
index <span class="hljs-number">5</span> : value BB
<span class="hljs-comment"># asorti() 함수를 이용한 index 정렬</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 기존 array 는 삭제되고 양의 정수를 index 로 갖는 정렬된 array 가 생성된다.</span>
$ awk <span class="hljs-string">'