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E-Falak | Jakim KALENDAR KALKULATORTarikh Miladi - Tarikh Hijri JAKIM provide an online calculator for public to convert the date from miladi to hijri and vice versa. Looking at the dropdown menu for the year (shown in the figure below), it is noted that the maximum year available in 2026 (~4 years from now). So, maybe, the takwim is already calculated/determined earlier (not calculated on the fly). I'm still interested how they decide on the takwim assignment though) We just need to inser the day, month & year, and click on We can do the same thing in cURL (Replace curl --request GET --url 'https://www.e-solat.gov.my/index.php?r=esolatApi%2Ftarikhtakwim&period=today&datetype=miladi&date=2022-11-29'Result {"takwim":{"2022-11-29":"1444-05-04"},"serverTime":"2022-11-29 14:29:11","dateType":"miladi","dateRequest":"2022-11-29","status":"OK!"}To convert from hijri to miladi, change the They also hosted an Islamic calendar with the miladi and hijri date altogether. Check out the page at https://www.e-solat.gov.my/index.php?siteId=24&pageId=26. This data is fetchable via JAKIM's undocumented API. curl 'https://www.e-solat.gov.my/index.php?r=esolatApi/tarikhtakwim&period=month&datetype=hijri&hijri=1444-05-04' ConclusionThe takwim is determined earlier. No direct formula from Miladi (Gregorian) to Hijri. However, they've mentioned
Perhaps I can study about the Imkanur Rukyah to understand how Hijri date is determined. |
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JAKIM is different. Why?First, take a look at the hijri date from e-solat JAKIM: 30 November 2022 -> 5 J.Awal Now, find any Miladi to Hijri converter online to convert the date 30 November. I tried these services: All of them resulting to 6 J.Awwal. JAKIM seems to be lag by one day. Types of TakwimDigging through has brought me into Kalkulator Umur Miladi - Hijri by JAKIM. Just like above, I tried to convert from 30 November 2022 to Hijri. The result as follows: 6 J.Awwal. Ahh, same result as the other services above. It is different from the main e-solat date. Why? What are the differences? How is the date is determined? Looking close at the footer:
That's the hint 💡 . The differences are caused by the different kaedah (methods) available. So, I went to Google to find the relevant information. flowchart TD
A[Jenis kalendar Hijri di Malaysia]
A --- B(Istilahi)
A --- C(Ijtimak Hakiki)
A --- D(Ijtimak Wujudul Hilal)
A --- E(Imkanur Rukyah)
Refer the next thread to follow detail discussion about those methods Stumble upon some articles explaining the various calculation method to determine the first day of the month.
There are four types of calculation method (as in the figure above). The most basic and classic is Istilahi, like the one used in above calendar conversion and the rest of those online services (Some sites mentioning there are using Umm al-Qura (Saudi Arabia) calendar). From 1995 until today, Malaysia is using the Imkanur Rukyah method. Remember the Raya terkejut? Where suddenly the 'Eid is announced tomorrow. Refer this, this, any maybe this. The relevant authorities look up to find hilal according to this Imkanur Rukyah, the criterion where met hence they announces the eid. So, IMO, what I can say is the taqwim is pre-determined by JAKIM authorities. So, for Malaysian, for the most accurate Hijri date, please refer to JAKIM. This is not the end of this study though. I'll keep updated if I found any new information. |
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Continuing the above discussion, let's understand the four methods of determining a new Islamic month. TerminologiesIjtimak
HilalCrescent moon or new moon (Malay: Anak bulan). To determine the starting of a new Hijri month.
4 Methods to determine the starting of the Hijri day
Source: SEJARAH KRITERIA KENAMPAKAN ANAK BULAN DI MALAYSIA - http://commonrepo.um.edu.my/12612/4/Page%2061-75.pdf |
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Background
Currently, we are using data from JAKIM API to get the prayer time alongside with the hijri date. It is fine doing that way, but I'm looking for method to calculate the Hijri date from the Gregorian calendar. The benefit is that we can calculate the hijri date without waiting for JAKIM data.
To solve what?
Urm, maybe nothing. All works fine currently. Perhaps beneficial for future development? It's just I'm looking on a way to get the accurate Hijri date without depending on JAKIM API data. The resulting hijri date still need to be cross check with JAKIM.
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