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<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">背景</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">解决办法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">OPT 1 开启时加参数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">OPT 2 修改容器hosts查找目录</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">OPT 3 在 一个 RUN 中 设置 /etc/hosts 的同时，运行需要dns服务的安装</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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Dockerfile修改hosts
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<time datetime="2022-08-22T05:07:36.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2022-08-22</time>
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<p>在很多场景中，比如我们需要搭建一个集群，这时候容器要识别集群内的节点，就需要添加相应的host解析。</p>
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<h2><span id="背景">背景</span></h2><p>hosts文件其实并不是存储在Docker镜像中的，<code>/etc/hosts</code>, <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code>和<code>/etc/hostname</code>，是存在主机上的<code>/var/lib/docker/containers/(docker_id)</code> 目录下，容器启动时是通过mount将这些文件挂载到容器内部的。因此如果在容器中修改这些文件，修改部分不会存在于容器的top layer，而是直接写入这3个文件中。容器重启后修改内容不存在的原因是Docker每次创建新容器时，会根据当前docker0下的所有节点的IP信息重新建立hosts文件。也就是说，你的修改会被Docker给自动覆盖掉。</p>
<h2><span id="解决办法">解决办法</span></h2><h3><span id="opt-1-开启时加参数">OPT 1 开启时加参数</span></h3><p>开启容器时候添加参数 <code>--add-host machine:ip</code> 可以实现hosts修改，在容器中可以识别machine主机。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker run --name nginx nginx:latest --add-host=<span class="string">'server:127.0.0.1'</span> --add-host=<span class="string">'server2:127.0.0.2'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3><span id="opt-2-修改容器hosts查找目录">OPT 2 修改容器hosts查找目录</span></h3><p>让容器开启时候，不去找<code>/etc/hosts</code>文件，而是去找自定义的hosts文件，下面是一个Dockerfile实例</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">FROM ubuntu:14.04</span><br><span class="line">RUN <span class="built_in">cp</span> /etc/hosts /tmp/hosts <span class="comment">#路径长度最好保持一致</span></span><br><span class="line">RUN <span class="built_in">mkdir</span> -p -- /lib-override && <span class="built_in">cp</span> /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files.so.2 /lib-override</span><br><span class="line">RUN sed -i <span class="string">'s:/etc/hosts:/tmp/hosts:g'</span> /lib-override/libnss_files.so.2</span><br><span class="line">ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH /lib-override</span><br><span class="line">RUN <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">"192.168.0.1 node1"</span> >> /tmp/hosts</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3><span id="opt-3-在-一个-run-中-设置-etchosts-的同时运行需要dns服务的安装">OPT 3 在 一个 RUN 中 设置 /etc/hosts 的同时，运行需要dns服务的安装</span></h3><p>由于在不同的 RUN 层中，/etc/hosts 会被docker重写覆盖掉，所以必须在同一个 RUN 层中同时设置并使用对应的域名映射</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">RUN <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">"111.8.8.111 mirror.npm.com"</span> >> /etc/hosts && npm install </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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