zcl_demo_abap_amdp.clas.abap

***********************************************************************
*
*                     ABAP cheat sheet: AMDP
*
* -------------------------- PURPOSE ----------------------------------
* - Example to demonstrate AMDP procedures and functions. It includes
*   a CDS table function.
* - NOTE:
*    - The example covers basics regarding AMDP method declarations
*      and implementations.
*    - The purpose is to give you a rough idea about AMDP. Therefore,
*      the SQLScript code used in the method implementations is
*      fairly simple. AMDP is not needed in simple cases like these.
*    - The example is primarily intended for the SAP BTP ABAP
*      environment. For example, in SAP BTP ABAP environment only
*      read-only operations are possible. In general, there are more
*      syntax options available in the unrestricted ABAP language scope
*      in classic ABAP. Check the ABAP Keyword Documentation
*      for more details and examples.
*
* ----------------------- GETTING STARTED -----------------------------
* - Open the class with the ABAP development tools for Eclipse (ADT).
* - Choose F9 to run the class.
* - Check the console output.
* - To understand the context and the ABAP syntax used, check the notes
*   included in the class as comments or refer to the respective topic
*   in the ABAP Keyword Documentation.
* - Due to the amount of output in the console, the examples include
*   numbers (e. g. 1) ..., 2) ..., 3) ...) for the individual example
*   sections. Plus, the variable name is displayed in most cases. Hence,
*   to easier and faster find the relevant output in the console, just
*   search in the console for the number/variable name (CTRL+F in the
*   console) or use the debugger.
*
* ----------------------------- NOTE -----------------------------------
* The code presented in this class is intended only to support the ABAP
* cheat sheets. It is not intended for direct use in a production system
* environment. The code examples in the ABAP cheat sheets are primarily
* intended to provide a better explanation and visualization of the
* syntax and semantics of ABAP statements, not to solve concrete
* programming tasks. For production application programs, you should
* always work out your own solution for each individual case. There is
* no guarantee for the correctness or completeness of the code.
* Furthermore, there is no legal responsibility or liability for any
* errors or their consequences that may occur when using the the example
* code.
*
***********************************************************************
"! <p class="shorttext synchronized">ABAP cheat sheet: AMDP</p>
"! Example to demonstrate AMDP procedures and functions.<br>Choose F9 in ADT to run the class.
CLASS zcl_demo_abap_amdp DEFINITION
  PUBLIC
  FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC .

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES:
      if_oo_adt_classrun, "Interface for displaying output
      if_amdp_marker_hdb. "This interface specification is mandatory for an AMDP class

    "Various internal table type specifications for the parameters of AMDP methods
    "Note: Only table and elementary data types are possible for the parameters.
    TYPES carr_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF zdemo_abap_carr WITH EMPTY KEY.

    TYPES fli_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF zdemo_abap_fli WITH EMPTY KEY.

    TYPES:
      "Structured data type as basis for the table type below
      BEGIN OF carr_fli_struc,
        carrname TYPE zdemo_abap_carr-carrname,
        connid   TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-connid,
        cityfrom TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-cityfrom,
        cityto   TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-cityto,
      END OF carr_fli_struc,

      "Internal table type
      carr_fli_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF carr_fli_struc WITH EMPTY KEY,

      "Structured data type as basis for the table type below
      BEGIN OF fli_struc,
        carrid   TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-carrid,
        connid   TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-connid,
        cityfrom TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-cityfrom,
        cityto   TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-cityto,
        fltime   TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-fltime,
      END OF fli_struc,

      "Internal table type
      flsch_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF zdemo_abap_flsch WITH EMPTY KEY.

    "Various instance method declarations
    "The selection for instance and static methods is irrelevant for the example.
    "It is just meant to visualize that AMDP methods can be declared as either of them.

    "AMDP procedure
    "It's a simple AMDP procedure having only an output parameter with tabular type.
    "Note the parameter declaration that includes the mandatory passing by value.
    "This is true for all of the AMDP method declarations.
    METHODS select_carriers
      EXPORTING VALUE(carr_tab) TYPE carr_tab.

    "AMDP procedure to call an AMDP table function
    "As can be seen in the implementation part, this example method calls the
    "AMDP table function get_carr_fli. AMDP table functions can only be called
    "by other AMDP methods.
    METHODS select_get_carr_fli
      IMPORTING VALUE(carrid)       TYPE zdemo_abap_fli-carrid
      EXPORTING VALUE(carr_fli_tab) TYPE carr_fli_tab.

    "Various static method declarations

    "The purpose of the implementation of the static constructor in this example is to
    "fill a demo database table to have data to work with in the example.
    CLASS-METHODS class_constructor.

    "AMDP procedure
    "This method demonstrates the calling of an AMDP procedure from SQLScript.
    "In this example, the selection of data is 'delegated' to another AMDP method get_flights_amdp
    "in the same AMDP class. The method declaration includes the addition RAISING with an
    "exception class for AMDP-specific exceptions.
    CLASS-METHODS  get_flights
      IMPORTING VALUE(carrid)  TYPE zdemo_abap_fli-carrid
      EXPORTING VALUE(fli_tab) TYPE fli_tab
      RAISING   cx_amdp_execution_error.

    "AMDP Table Function for CDS Table Function
    "Note that, in this case, a static method declaration is required along with the special
    "syntax FOR TABLE FUNCTION. Plus, there are no parameters specified and the declaration
    "is made in the PUBLIC visibility section.
    CLASS-METHODS flight_analysis FOR TABLE FUNCTION zdemo_abap_table_function.

  PROTECTED SECTION.
  PRIVATE SECTION.

    "AMDP procedure
    "This method demonstrates the calling of an AMDP procedure from SQLScript as mentioned above.
    CLASS-METHODS get_flights_amdp
      IMPORTING VALUE(carrid)  TYPE zdemo_abap_fli-carrid
      EXPORTING VALUE(fli_tab) TYPE fli_tab
      RAISING   cx_amdp_execution_error.

    "AMDP table function
    "AMDP table functions can only be called by other AMDP methods. In this example,
    "the AMDP procedure select_get_carr_fli calls this AMDP table function.
    METHODS get_carr_fli
      IMPORTING VALUE(carrid)       TYPE zdemo_abap_flsch-carrid
      RETURNING VALUE(carr_fli_tab) TYPE carr_fli_tab.

    CONSTANTS nl TYPE string value cl_abap_char_utilities=>newline.
ENDCLASS.



CLASS zcl_demo_abap_amdp IMPLEMENTATION.


  METHOD class_constructor.
    "Filling demo database tables.
    zcl_demo_abap_flight_tables=>fill_dbtabs( ).
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD flight_analysis
         BY DATABASE FUNCTION
         FOR HDB
         LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
         OPTIONS READ-ONLY
         USING zdemo_abap_flsch "Two database tables are used and must both be specified here.
               zdemo_abap_carr.
* Reading data from two database tables
    itab_cities =
     select DISTINCT
            zdemo_abap_flsch.mandt    as client,
            zdemo_abap_flsch.carrid   as carrier_id,
            zdemo_abap_flsch.airpfrom as airport_from,
            zdemo_abap_flsch.airpto   as airport_to,
            zdemo_abap_flsch.fltime   as flight_time,
            zdemo_abap_flsch.distance as flight_distance,
            zdemo_abap_flsch.distid   as unit
       from zdemo_abap_flsch;

    itab_carrier_names =
     select distinct
            zdemo_abap_carr.mandt    as client,
            zdemo_abap_carr.carrid   as carrier_id,
            zdemo_abap_carr.carrname as carrier_name
       from zdemo_abap_carr;

* Returning joined data using an inner join
   return
     select fl.client, fl.carrier_id, ca.carrier_name,
* Departure and destination airports are concatenated; then all results are joined by string aggregation
        string_agg( concat(concat(fl.airport_from,' -> '),fl.airport_to), ', ' ORDER BY fl.airport_from) AS connections,
* Retrieving the average flight time of all flights by carrier
        AVG( fl.flight_time ) as avg_flight_time,
* Retrieving the average flight distance of all flights by carrier; miles are converted to kilometers
        avg( case 'MI'
             when fl.unit then fl.flight_distance * 1.609
             ELSE fl.flight_distance
             END ) AS avg_distance
       FROM :itab_cities AS fl
       INNER JOIN :itab_carrier_names AS ca
       ON ca.client = fl.client
       AND ca.carrier_id = fl.carrier_id
       WHERE fl.client = ca.client AND fl.carrier_id = ca.carrier_id
       GROUP BY fl.client, ca.carrier_name, fl.carrier_id;
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_carr_fli
         BY DATABASE FUNCTION
         FOR HDB
         LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
         OPTIONS READ-ONLY
         USING zdemo_abap_carr zdemo_abap_flsch.
* AMDP table function to be called by other AMDP methods only.
* In the example, joined data from two database table are returned.
    RETURN
      SELECT ca.carrname, fl.connid, fl.cityfrom, fl.cityto
        FROM zdemo_abap_carr as ca
        INNER JOIN zdemo_abap_flsch as fl
        ON ca.carrid = fl.carrid
        WHERE fl.carrid = :carrid
        ORDER BY ca.mandt, ca.carrname, fl.connid;
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_flights
         BY DATABASE PROCEDURE
         FOR HDB
         LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
         OPTIONS READ-ONLY
         USING zcl_demo_abap_amdp=>get_flights_amdp.
* Another AMDP procedure is called from SQLScript
    CALL "ZCL_DEMO_ABAP_AMDP=>GET_FLIGHTS_AMDP"(
      carrid => :carrid,
      fli_tab => :fli_tab );
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_flights_amdp
         BY DATABASE PROCEDURE
         FOR HDB
         LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
         OPTIONS READ-ONLY
         USING zdemo_abap_fli.
* Simple data selection
    fli_tab = SELECT *
                FROM "ZDEMO_ABAP_FLI"
                WHERE carrid = :carrid
                ORDER BY carrid;
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.

    DATA(output) = NEW zcl_demo_abap_display( out ).

    output->display( `ABAP Cheat Sheet Example: ABAP AMDP` ).

    output->display( `1) AMDP procedure` ).

    "Declaring an internal table to store the data that are
    "returned by the following method.
    "You could also choose to create the internal table inline
    "within the method call,
    "i. e. like ... IMPORTING carr_tab = DATA(tab) ).
    DATA amdp_proc_res TYPE zcl_demo_abap_amdp=>carr_tab.

    "Since the method is declared as an instance method, an instance
    "has to be created. Here, the instance constructor NEW is used
    "in a standalone method call that includes a chained method call.
    NEW zcl_demo_abap_amdp( )->select_carriers(
      IMPORTING carr_tab = amdp_proc_res ).

    output->display( input = amdp_proc_res name = `amdp_proc_res` ).

**********************************************************************

    output->next_section( `2) Calling an AMDP Procedure from SQLScript` ).

    "As can be seen in the method implementation part, this AMDP procedure
    "includes an AMDP procedure call from SQLScript.
    "In this example, the AMDP procedure get_flights_amdp is called by
    "get_flights which is meant to select data from a database table.
    "The returned result is displayed.
    TRY.

        zcl_demo_abap_amdp=>get_flights( EXPORTING carrid = 'LH'
                                         IMPORTING fli_tab = DATA(call_amdp_res) ).

      CATCH cx_amdp_execution_error INTO DATA(error1).

        output->display( error1->get_text( ) ).

    ENDTRY.

    output->display( input = call_amdp_res name = `call_amdp_res` ).


**********************************************************************

    output->next_section( `3) AMDP Table Function for AMDP Method` ).

    "The AMDP procedure select_get_carr_fli calls the AMDP table function
    "get_carr_fli in the implementation part. AMDP table functions can
    "only be called by other AMDP methods.
    TRY.

        NEW zcl_demo_abap_amdp( )->select_get_carr_fli(
          EXPORTING carrid = 'LH'
          IMPORTING carr_fli_tab = DATA(amdp_tab_func) ).

      CATCH cx_amdp_execution_error INTO DATA(error2).

        out->write( error2->get_text( ) ).

    ENDTRY.

    output->display( input = amdp_tab_func name = `amdp_tab_func` ).

    "Note: When commented in, the following code results in a runtime
    "error since you cannot call an AMDP function in ABAP directly.
*        NEW zcl_demo_abap_amdp( )->get_carr_fli(
*          EXPORTING carrid = 'LH' ).

**********************************************************************

    output->next_section( `4) AMDP Table Function for CDS Table Function` ).


    "The example demonstrates that a CDS table function can be used as a
    "data source of ABAP SQL read statements.
    "You might want to navigate to the DDL source after FROM by holding
    "CTRL and clicking the DDL source name in ADT to see the details.
    "Or, just check out the F2 help.
    "In this example, the CDS table function is implemented in a way to
    "return accumulated data.
    "In the method implementation for flight_analysis, first two kinds of
    "data sets from two database tables are gathered. These data sets are
    "joined using an inner join. There, some expressions are included
    "(strings are aggregated, average values are determined).

    SELECT * FROM zdemo_abap_table_function
      INTO TABLE @DATA(cds_tab_func).

    output->display( input = cds_tab_func name = `cds_tab_func` ).

  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD select_carriers
         BY DATABASE PROCEDURE
         FOR HDB
         LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
         OPTIONS READ-ONLY
         USING zdemo_abap_carr.
* Simple data selection
    carr_tab = SELECT *
                FROM "ZDEMO_ABAP_CARR"
                ORDER BY carrid;
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD select_get_carr_fli
         BY DATABASE PROCEDURE
         FOR HDB
         LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
         OPTIONS READ-ONLY
         USING zcl_demo_abap_amdp=>get_carr_fli.
* AMDP procedure to call an AMDP table function as specified after USING
    carr_fli_tab = SELECT *
                     FROM "ZCL_DEMO_ABAP_AMDP=>GET_CARR_FLI"(
                        carrid => :carrid );
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.