ls_midi.ino

/********************************** ls_midi: LinnStrument MIDI ************************************
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
***************************************************************************************************
These are the MIDI functions for the LinnStrument
**************************************************************************************************/

#include "ls_bytebuffer.h"
#include "ls_midi.h"

#define MAX_SYSEX_LENGTH 256

// first byte is the status byte, the two following bytes are the data bytes and
// the channel will be encoded in the 4th byte if applicable
byte midiMessage[4];
byte midiMessageBytes = 0; // the number of bytes that are expected in the message that is being constituted
byte midiMessageIndex = 0; // the message array index of the message that is being constituted

byte midiCellColCC = 0;
byte midiCellRowCC = 0;

ByteBuffer<4096> midiOutQueue;
ByteBuffer<MAX_SYSEX_LENGTH * 2> sysexOutQueue;

byte midiSysExBuffer[MAX_SYSEX_LENGTH];
short midiSysExLength = -1;

// MIDI Clock State
const int32_t MIDI_CLOCK_UNIT = 2500000;    // 1000000 ( microsecond) * 60 ( minutes - bpm) / 24 ( frames per beat)
const int32_t MIDI_CLOCK_MIN_DELTA = 6756;  // maximum 370 BPM (taking a little margin to allow for clock fluctuations)
const byte MIDI_CLOCK_SAMPLES = 6;
const int32_t FXD4_MIDI_CLOCK_SAMPLES = FXD4_FROM_INT(MIDI_CLOCK_SAMPLES);

enum MidiClock {
  midiClockOff,
  midiClockStart,
  midiClockOn
};

MidiClock midiClockStatus = midiClockOff;                  // indicates whether the MIDI clock transport is running
unsigned long lastMidiClockTime = 0;                       // the last time we received a MIDI clock message in micros
int32_t fxd4MidiTempoAverage = fxd4CurrentTempo;           // the current average of the MIDI clock tempo, in fixes precision
byte midiClockMessageCount = 0;                            // the number of MIDI clock messages we've received, from 1 to 24, with 0 meaning none has been received yet
byte initialMidiClockMessageCount = 0;                     // the first MIDI clock messages, counted until the minimum number of samples have been received
bool receivedSongPositionPointer = false;                  // tracks whether a song position pointer message was received before the MIDI clock start
bool standaloneMidiClockRunning = false;                   // indicates whether the MIDI Clock is sending data in a standalone fashion, without sequencer

byte lastRpnMsb = 127;
byte lastRpnLsb = 127;
byte lastNrpnMsb = 127;
byte lastNrpnLsb = 127;
byte lastDataMsb = 0;
byte lastDataLsb = 0;

boolean isMidiUsingDIN() {
  return Global.midiIO == 0;
}

void applyMidiIo() {
  // do not reconfigure the serial speeds when device update mode is active
  // the MIDI IO settings will be applied when OS update mode is turned off
  if (Device.serialMode) {
    return;
  }

  if (isMidiUsingDIN()) {
    digitalWrite(36, LOW);   // Set LOW for DIN jacks
    Serial.begin(31250);     // set serial port at MIDI DIN speed 31250
    Serial.flush();          // clear the serial port
  }
  else {
    digitalWrite(36, HIGH);  // Set HIGH for USB
    Serial.begin(115200);    // set serial port at fastest speed 115200
    Serial.flush();          // clear the serial port
  }

  applyMidiInterval();
}

void handleMidiInput(unsigned long nowMicros) {
  // handle turning off the MIDI clock led after minimum 30ms
  if (isSyncedToMidiClock() &&
      controlButton != GLOBAL_SETTINGS_ROW &&
      tempoLedOn != 0 &&
      calcTimeDelta(nowMicros, tempoLedOn) > LED_FLASH_DELAY) {
    tempoLedOn = 0;
    clearLed(0, GLOBAL_SETTINGS_ROW);
  }

  // if no serial data is available, return
  if (Serial.available() <= 0) {
    return;
  }

  // get the next byte from the serial bus
  byte d = Serial.read();

  // check if we're dealing with a status byte
  if ((d & B10000000) == B10000000) {
    memset(midiMessage, 0, 4);
    midiMessage[0] = d;
    midiMessageBytes = 0;
    midiMessageIndex = 0;

    switch (d) {
      case MIDIActiveSensing:
        midiMessageBytes = 1;
        midiMessageIndex = 1;
        
        // indicate MIDI activity sensing in test mode
        if (operatingMode == modeManufacturingTest) {
          setLed(NUMCOLS - 1, 2, COLOR_GREEN, cellOn);
        }
        break;
      case MIDIStart:
      case MIDIContinue:
        midiMessageBytes = 1;
        midiMessageIndex = 1;

        if (!receivedSongPositionPointer) {
          midiClockMessageCount = 1;
          setSequencerSongPositionPointer(0);
        }

        midiClockStatus = midiClockStart;
        fxd4MidiTempoAverage = fxd4CurrentTempo;
        lastMidiClockTime = 0;
        initialMidiClockMessageCount = 0;
        resetClockAdvancement(nowMicros);
        break;
      case MIDIStop:
        midiMessageBytes = 1;
        midiMessageIndex = 1;

        sequencersTurnOff(false);

        midiClockStatus = midiClockOff;
        midiClockMessageCount = 0;
        lastMidiClockTime = 0;
        initialMidiClockMessageCount = 0;
        resetClockAdvancement(nowMicros);
        break;
      case MIDISongPositionPointer:
        midiMessageBytes = 3;
        midiMessageIndex = 1;
        lastMidiClockTime = 0;
        break;
      case MIDITimingClock:
      {
        midiMessageBytes = 1;
        midiMessageIndex = 1;

        if (midiClockStatus != midiClockOff) {
          if (lastMidiClockTime > 0) {
            unsigned long clockDelta = calcTimeDelta(nowMicros, lastMidiClockTime);

            if (clockDelta != 0 && clockDelta > MIDI_CLOCK_MIN_DELTA) {
              fxd4MidiTempoAverage -= FXD4_DIV(fxd4MidiTempoAverage, FXD4_MIDI_CLOCK_SAMPLES);
              fxd4MidiTempoAverage += FXD4_DIV(FXD4_FROM_INT(MIDI_CLOCK_UNIT / clockDelta), FXD4_MIDI_CLOCK_SAMPLES);
              if (initialMidiClockMessageCount < MIDI_CLOCK_SAMPLES) {
                initialMidiClockMessageCount += 1;
              }
              else {
                fxd4CurrentTempo = fxd4MidiTempoAverage;
              }
            }
          }

          lastMidiClockTime = nowMicros;

          // differentiate between the first clock message right after the start message
          // and all the other ones
          if (midiClockStatus == midiClockStart) {
            midiClockStatus = midiClockOn;
            boolean clockUpdated = checkUpdateClock(nowMicros);
            sequencersTurnOn();
            if (clockUpdated) {
              performCheckAdvanceArpeggiator();
              performCheckAdvanceSequencer();
            }
          }
          else {
            midiClockMessageCount += 1;
          }

          // wrap around the MIDI clock message count
          if (midiClockMessageCount == 25) {
            midiClockMessageCount = 1;
          }

          // flash the global settings led green on tempo, unless it's currently pressed down
          if (controlButton != GLOBAL_SETTINGS_ROW && midiClockMessageCount == 1) {
            setLed(0, GLOBAL_SETTINGS_ROW, COLOR_GREEN, cellOn);
            tempoLedOn = nowMicros;
          }

          // play the next arpeggiator and sequencer steps if needed
          if (checkUpdateClock(nowMicros)) {
            performCheckAdvanceArpeggiator();
            performCheckAdvanceSequencer();
          }

          // flash the tempo led in the global display when it is on
          updateGlobalSettingsFlashTempo(nowMicros);
        }
        break;
      }
      case MIDISystemExclusive:
        midiSysExLength = 0;
        break;
      case MIDIEndOfExclusive:
        if (Device.midiThrough) {
          sysexOutQueue.push(MIDISystemExclusive);
          for (short i = 0; i < midiSysExLength; ++i) {
            sysexOutQueue.push(midiSysExBuffer[i]);
          }
          sysexOutQueue.push(MIDIEndOfExclusive);
        }
        midiSysExLength = -1;
        break;
      case MIDIReset:
      case MIDIUndefined1:
      case MIDIUndefined2:
      case MIDIUndefined3:
      case MIDIUndefined4:
        midiMessageBytes = 1;
        midiMessageIndex = 1;
        break;
      default:
      {
        byte channelStatus = (d & B11110000); // remove channel nibble
        switch (channelStatus) {
          case MIDINoteOff:
          case MIDINoteOn:
          case MIDIPolyphonicPressure:
          case MIDIControlChange:
          case MIDIPitchBend:
            midiMessage[0] = channelStatus;
            midiMessage[3] = (d & B00001111);
            midiMessageBytes = 3;
            midiMessageIndex = 1;
            break;
          case MIDIProgramChange:
          case MIDIChannelPressure:
            midiMessage[0] = channelStatus;
            midiMessage[3] = (d & B00001111);
            midiMessageBytes = 2;
            midiMessageIndex = 1;
            break;
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  // constitute the sysex message
  else if (midiSysExLength != -1) {
    if (midiSysExLength < MAX_SYSEX_LENGTH) {
      midiSysExBuffer[midiSysExLength++] = d;
    }
  }
  // otherwise this is a data byte
  else if (midiMessageBytes) {
    midiMessage[midiMessageIndex++] = d;
  }

  // we have all the bytes we need for the message that is being constituted
  if (midiMessageBytes && midiMessageIndex == midiMessageBytes) {
    MIDIStatus midiStatus = (MIDIStatus)midiMessage[0];
    byte midiChannel = midiMessage[3];
    byte midiData1 = midiMessage[1];
    byte midiData2 = midiMessage[2];

    if (Device.midiThrough) {
      queueMidiMessage(midiStatus, midiData1, midiData2, midiChannel);
    }

    int split = determineSplitForChannel(midiChannel);

    if (midiStatus == MIDISongPositionPointer) {
      receivedSongPositionPointer = true;
    }
    else {
      receivedSongPositionPointer = false;
    }

    switch (midiStatus) {
      case MIDISongPositionPointer:
      {
        unsigned pos = midiData2 << 7 | midiData1;
        midiClockMessageCount = (pos * 6) % 24 + 1;

        setSequencerSongPositionPointer(pos);
        break;
      }

      case MIDINoteOn:
      {
        // velocity 0 means the same as note off, so don't handle it further in this case
        if (midiData2 > 0) {
          if (split != -1 && (split == Global.currentPerSplit || Global.splitActive) && !isVisibleSequencerForSplit(split)) {
            // attempts to highlight the exact cell that belongs to a midi note and channel
            if (!highlightExactNoteCell(split, midiData1, midiChannel)) {
              // if there's not one exact location, we highlight all cells that could correspond to the note number
              highlightPossibleNoteCells(split, midiData1);
            }
          }
          break;
        }
        // purposely fall-through in case of velocity 0
      }

      case MIDINoteOff:
      {
        if (split != -1 && (split == Global.currentPerSplit || Global.splitActive) && !isVisibleSequencerForSplit(split)) {
          // attempts to reset the exact cell that belongs to a midi note and channel
          if (!resetExactNoteCell(split, midiData1, midiChannel)) {
            // if there's not one exact location, we reset all cells that could correspond to the note number
            resetPossibleNoteCells(split, midiData1);
          }
        }
        break;
      }

      case MIDIProgramChange:
      {
        if (split != -1) {
          midiPreset[split] = midiData1;
          if (displayMode == displayPreset) {
            updateDisplay();
          }
        }
        break;
      }

      case MIDIControlChange:
      {
        switch (midiData1) {
          case 6:
            // if an NRPN or RPN parameter was selected, start constituting the data
            // otherwise control the fader of MIDI CC 6
            if ((lastRpnMsb != 127 || lastRpnLsb != 127) ||
                (lastNrpnMsb != 127 || lastNrpnLsb != 127)) {
              lastDataMsb = midiData2;
              break;
            }
          case 1:
          case 2:
          case 3:
          case 4:
          case 5:
          case 7:
          case 8:
            if (split != -1) {
              unsigned short ccForFader = Split[split].ccForFader[midiData1-1];
              ccFaderValues[split][ccForFader] = midiData2;
              if ((displayMode == displayNormal && Split[split].ccFaders) ||
                  displayMode == displayVolume) {
                updateDisplay();
              }
            }
            break;
          case 9:
            if (userFirmwareActive && midiChannel < NUMROWS && (midiData2 == 0 || midiData2 == 1)) {
              userFirmwareSlideMode[midiChannel] = midiData2;
            }
            break;
          case 10:
            if (userFirmwareActive && midiChannel < NUMROWS && (midiData2 == 0 || midiData2 == 1)) {
              userFirmwareXActive[midiChannel] = midiData2;
            }
            break;
          case 11:
            if (userFirmwareActive && midiChannel < NUMROWS && (midiData2 == 0 || midiData2 == 1)) {
              userFirmwareYActive[midiChannel] = midiData2;
            }
            break;
          case 12:
            if (userFirmwareActive && midiChannel < NUMROWS && (midiData2 == 0 || midiData2 == 1)) {
              userFirmwareZActive[midiChannel] = midiData2;
            }
            break;
          case 13:
            if (userFirmwareActive) {
              unsigned long rate = midiData2 * 1000;
              if (!Device.operatingLowPower || rate > LOWPOWER_MIDI_DECIMATION) {
                midiDecimateRate = rate;
              }
            }
            break;
          case 20:
            if (midiData2 < NUMCOLS) {
              midiCellColCC = midiData2;
            }
            break;
          case 21:
            if (midiData2 < NUMROWS) {
              midiCellRowCC = midiData2;
            }
            break;
          case 22:
            if (displayMode == displayNormal || displayMode == displayCustomLedsEditor) {
              byte layer = LED_LAYER_CUSTOM1;
              // we light the LEDs of user firmware mode in a dedicated custom layer
              // this will be cleared when switching back to regular firmware mode
              if (userFirmwareActive) {
                layer = LED_LAYER_CUSTOM2;
              }
              if (midiData2 <= ((COLOR_PINK * 2) + 1) && midiData2 != COLOR_OFF) {
                setLed(midiCellColCC, midiCellRowCC,
                       midiData2 % (COLOR_PINK + 1),
                       midiData2 > COLOR_PINK ? cellFocusPulse : cellOn, 
                       layer);
              }
              else {
                setLed(midiCellColCC, midiCellRowCC, COLOR_OFF, cellOff, layer);
              }
              checkRefreshLedColumn(micros());
            }
            break;
          case 23:
            if (midiData2 < LED_PATTERNS) {
              storeCustomLedLayer(midiData2);
              storeSettings();
            }
            break;
          case 24:
            if (midiData2 < LED_PATTERNS) {
              clearStoredCustomLedLayer(midiData2);
              storeSettings();
            }
            break;
          case 38:
            if (lastRpnMsb != 127 || lastRpnLsb != 127) {
              lastDataLsb = midiData2;
              receivedRpn(midiChannel, (lastRpnMsb<<7)+lastRpnLsb, (lastDataMsb<<7)+lastDataLsb);
              break;
            }
            if (lastNrpnMsb != 127 || lastNrpnLsb != 127) {
              lastDataLsb = midiData2;
              receivedNrpn((lastNrpnMsb<<7)+lastNrpnLsb, (lastDataMsb<<7)+lastDataLsb, midiChannel);
              break;
            }
          case 98:
            lastNrpnLsb = midiData2;
            break;
          case 99:
            lastNrpnMsb = midiData2;
            break;
          case 100:
            lastRpnLsb = midiData2;
            // resetting RPN numbers also resets NRPN numbers
            if (lastRpnLsb == 127 && lastRpnMsb == 127) {
              lastNrpnLsb = 127;
              lastNrpnMsb = 127;
            }
            break;
          case 101:
            lastRpnMsb = midiData2;
            break;
        }
      }
      default:
        // don't handle other MIDI messages
        break;
    }

    // reset the message
    memset(midiMessage, 0, 4);
    midiMessageBytes = 0;
    midiMessageIndex = 0;
  }
}

signed char determineSplitForChannel(byte channel) {
  if (channel > 15) {
    return -1;
  }

  for (byte split = LEFT; split <= RIGHT; ++split) {
    switch (Split[split].midiMode) {
      case oneChannel:
        if (Split[split].midiChanMain-1 == channel) {
          return split;
        }
        break;
      case channelPerNote:
        if (Split[split].midiChanSet[channel] == true) {
          return split;
        }
        break;
      case channelPerRow:
        if (calculateRowPerChannelRow(split, channel) < NUMROWS) {
          return split;
        }
        break;
    }
  }

  return -1;
}

inline boolean inRange(int value, int lower, int upper) {
  return value >= lower && value <= upper;
}

void receivedRpn(byte midiChannel, int parameter, int value) {
  switch (parameter) {
    // Pitch Bend Sensitivity
    case 0:
      applyBendRange(Split[LEFT], constrain(value >> 7, 1, 96));
      applyBendRange(Split[RIGHT], constrain(value >> 7, 1, 96));
      break;
    case 6:
      // support for activating MPE mode with the standard MPE message
      if (midiChannel == 0 || midiChannel == 15) {
        byte split = LEFT;
        if (midiChannel == 15) {
          split = RIGHT;
        }

        int polyphony = value >> 7;
        if (polyphony == 0) {
          disableMpe(split);
        }
        else {
          enableMpe(split, midiChannel + 1, polyphony);
        }

        updateDisplay();
      }
      break;
  }

  updateDisplay();
}

void receivedNrpn(int parameter, int value, int channel) {
  byte split = LEFT;
  if (parameter >= 100 && parameter < 200) {
    parameter -= 100;
    split = RIGHT;
  }

  switch (parameter) {
    // Split MIDI Mode
    case 0:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 2)) {
        preResetMidiExpression(split);
        Split[split].midiMode = value;
        // ensure MPE is turned off
        disableMpe(split);
        updateSplitMidiChannels(split);
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI Main Channel
    case 1:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 16)) {
        preResetMidiExpression(split);
        Split[split].midiChanMain = value;
        // ensure MPE is turned off
        disableMpe(split);
        updateSplitMidiChannels(split);
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI Per Note Channels
    case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: case 9:
    case 10: case 11: case 12: case 13: case 14: case 15: case 16: case 17:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        preResetMidiExpression(split);
        Split[split].midiChanSet[parameter-2] = value;
        // ensure MPE is turned off
        disableMpe(split);
        updateSplitMidiChannels(split);
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI Per Row Lowest Channel
    case 18:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 16)) {
        preResetMidiExpression(split);
        Split[split].midiChanPerRow = value;
        updateSplitMidiChannels(split);
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI Bend Range
    case 19:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 96)) {
        applyBendRange(Split[split], value);
      }
      break;
    // Split Send X
    case 20:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        preSendPitchBend(split, 0);
        Split[split].sendX = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Pitch Quantize
    case 21:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].pitchCorrectQuantize = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Pitch Quantize Hold
    case 22:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 3)) {
        Split[split].pitchCorrectHold = value;
        applyPitchCorrectHold();
      }
      break;
    // Split Pitch Reset On Release
    case 23:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].pitchResetOnRelease = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Send Y
    case 24:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].sendY = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Y
    case 25:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        if (Split[split].expressionForY == timbreCC1 && value != 1) {
          Split[split].expressionForY = timbreCC74;
        }
        Split[split].customCCForY = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Relative Y
    case 26:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].relativeY = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Send Z
    case 27:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].sendZ = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI Expression For Z
    case 28:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 2)) {
        Split[split].expressionForZ = (LoudnessExpression)value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Z
    case 29:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Split[split].customCCForZ = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Color Main
    case 30:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 11)) {
        Split[split].colorMain = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Color Accent
    case 31:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 11)) {
        Split[split].colorAccent = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Color Played
    case 32:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 11)) {
        Split[split].colorPlayed = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Color LowRow
    case 33:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 11)) {
        Split[split].colorLowRow = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split LowRow Mode
    case 34:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 7)) {
        Split[split].lowRowMode = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Special
    case 35:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 4)) {
        switch (value) {
          case 0:
            Split[split].arpeggiator = false;
            Split[split].ccFaders = false;
            Split[split].strum = false;
            setSplitSequencerEnabled(split, false);
            break;
          case 1:
            Split[split].arpeggiator = true;
            Split[split].ccFaders = false;
            Split[split].strum = false;
            setSplitSequencerEnabled(split, false);
            break;
          case 2:
            Split[split].arpeggiator = false;
            Split[split].ccFaders = true;
            Split[split].strum = false;
            setSplitSequencerEnabled(split, false);
            break;
          case 3:
            Split[split].arpeggiator = false;
            Split[split].ccFaders = false;
            Split[split].strum = true;
            setSplitSequencerEnabled(split, false);
            break;
          case 4:
            Split[split].arpeggiator = false;
            Split[split].ccFaders = false;
            Split[split].strum = false;
            setSplitSequencerEnabled(split, true);
            break;
        }
      }
      break;
    // Split Octave
    case 36:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 10)) {
        Split[split].transposeOctave = (value-5)*12;
      }
      break;
    // Split Transpose Pitch
    case 37:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 14)) {
        Split[split].transposePitch = value-7;
      }
      break;
    // Split Transpose Lights
    case 38:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 14)) {
        Split[split].transposeLights = value-7;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI Expression For Y
    case 39:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 2)) {
        Split[split].expressionForY = (TimbreExpression)value;
        if (Split[split].expressionForY == timbrePolyPressure) {
          Split[split].customCCForY = 128;
        }
        else if (Split[split].expressionForY == timbreChannelPressure) {
          Split[split].customCCForY = 129;
        }
        else {
          if (Split[split].customCCForY == 1) {
            Split[split].expressionForY = timbreCC1;
          }
          else {
            Split[split].expressionForY = timbreCC74;
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 1
    case 40:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[0] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 2
    case 41:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[1] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 3
    case 42:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[2] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 4
    case 43:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[3] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 5
    case 44:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[4] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 6
    case 45:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[5] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 7
    case 46:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[6] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For Fader 8
    case 47:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForFader[7] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split LowRow X Behavior
    case 48:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].lowRowCCXBehavior = (LowRowCCBehavior)value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For LowRow X
    case 49:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForLowRow = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split LowRow XYZ Behavior
    case 50:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].lowRowCCXYZBehavior = (LowRowCCBehavior)value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For LowRow XYZ X
    case 51:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForLowRowX = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For LowRow XYZ Y
    case 52:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForLowRowY = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split MIDI CC For LowRow XYZ Z
    case 53:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 128)) {
        Split[split].ccForLowRowZ = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Minimum CC Value For Y
    case 54:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Split[split].minForY = value;
        applyLimitsForY();
      }
      break;
    // Split Maximum CC Value For Y
    case 55:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Split[split].maxForY = value;
        applyLimitsForY();
      }
      break;
    // Split Minimum CC Value For Z
    case 56:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Split[split].minForZ = value;
        applyLimitsForZ();
      }
      break;
    // Split Maximum CC Value For Z
    case 57:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Split[split].maxForZ = value;
        applyLimitsForZ();
      }
      break;
    // Split CC Value For Z in 14-bit
    case 58:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].ccForZ14Bit = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Initial For Relative Y
    case 59:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Split[split].initialRelativeY = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Channel Per Row MIDI Channel Order
    case 60:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Split[split].midiChanPerRowReversed = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Touch Animation
    case 61:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 14)) {
        Split[split].playedTouchMode = value;
      }
      break;
    // Split Sequencer Toggle Play
    case 62:
      if (value == 1) {
        sequencerTogglePlay(split);
      }
      break;
    // Split Sequencer Previous Pattern
    case 63:
      if (value == 1) {
        sequencerPreviousPattern(split);
      }
      break;
    // Split Sequencer Next Pattern
    case 64:
      if (value == 1) {
        sequencerNextPattern(split);
      }
      break;
    // Split Sequencer Select Pattern
    case 65:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 3)) {
        sequencerSelectPattern(split, value);
      }
      break;
    // Split Sequencer Toggle Mute
    case 66:
      if (value == 1) {
        sequencerToggleMute(split);
      }
      break;
    // Global Split Active
    case 200:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Global.splitActive = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Selected Split
    case 201:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Global.currentPerSplit = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Split Point Column
    case 202:
      if (inRange(value, 2, 25)) {
        Global.splitPoint = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Main Note Lights
    case 203: case 204: case 205: case 206: case 207: case 208:
    case 209: case 210: case 211: case 212: case 213: case 214:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        if (value) {
          Global.mainNotes[Global.activeNotes] |= (1 << (parameter-203));
        }
        else {
          Global.mainNotes[Global.activeNotes] &= ~(1 << (parameter-203));
        }
      }
      break;
    // Global Accent Note Lights
    case 215: case 216: case 217: case 218: case 219: case 220:
    case 221: case 222: case 223: case 224: case 225: case 226:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        if (value) {
          Global.accentNotes[Global.activeNotes] |= (1 << (parameter-215));
        }
        else {
          Global.accentNotes[Global.activeNotes] &= ~(1 << (parameter-215));
        }
      }
      break;
    // Global Row Offset
    case 227:
      if (value == ROWOFFSET_NOOVERLAP || value == 3 || value == 4 || value == 5 || value == 6 ||
          value == 7 || value == ROWOFFSET_OCTAVECUSTOM || value == ROWOFFSET_GUITAR || value == ROWOFFSET_ZERO) {
        Global.rowOffset = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Switch 1 Assignment
    case 228:
      if (inRange(value, ASSIGNED_OCTAVE_DOWN, MAX_ASSIGNED)) {
        Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_SWITCH_1] = value;
        if (value >= ASSIGNED_TAP_TEMPO) {
          Global.customSwitchAssignment[SWITCH_SWITCH_1] = value;
        }
      }
      break;
    // Global Switch 2 Assignment
    case 229:
      if (inRange(value, ASSIGNED_OCTAVE_DOWN, MAX_ASSIGNED)) {
        Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_SWITCH_2] = value;
        if (value >= ASSIGNED_TAP_TEMPO) {
          Global.customSwitchAssignment[SWITCH_SWITCH_2] = value;
        }
      }
      break;
    // Global Foot Left Assignment
    case 230:
      if (inRange(value, ASSIGNED_OCTAVE_DOWN, MAX_ASSIGNED)) {
        Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_FOOT_L] = value;
        if (value >= ASSIGNED_TAP_TEMPO) {
          Global.customSwitchAssignment[SWITCH_FOOT_L] = value;
        }
      }
      break;
    // Global Foot Right Assignment
    case 231:
      if (inRange(value, ASSIGNED_OCTAVE_DOWN, MAX_ASSIGNED)) {
        Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_FOOT_R] = value;
        if (value >= ASSIGNED_TAP_TEMPO) {
          Global.customSwitchAssignment[SWITCH_FOOT_R] = value;
        }
      }
      break;
    // Global Velocity Sensitivity
    case 232:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 3)) {
        Global.velocitySensitivity = (VelocitySensitivity)value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Pressure Sensitivity
    case 233:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 2)) {
        Global.pressureSensitivity = (PressureSensitivity)value;
      }
      break;
    // Device MIDI I/O
    case 234:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        changeMidiIO(value);
      }
      break;
    // Global Arp Direction
    case 235:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 4)) {
        Global.arpDirection = (ArpeggiatorDirection)value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Arp Tempo Note Value
    case 236:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 7)) {
        Global.arpTempo = (ArpeggiatorStepTempo)value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Arp Octave Extension
    case 237:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 2)) {
        Global.arpOctave = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Clock BPM
    case 238:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 360)) {
        fxd4CurrentTempo = FXD4_FROM_INT(value);
      }
      break;
    // Global Switch 1 Both Splits
    case 239:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Global.switchBothSplits[3] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Switch 2 Both Splits
    case 240:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Global.switchBothSplits[2] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Foot Left Both Splits
    case 241:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Global.switchBothSplits[0] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Foot Right Both Splits
    case 242:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Global.switchBothSplits[1] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Settings Preset Load
    case 243:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 5)) {
        loadSettingsFromPreset(value);
      }
      break;
    // Global Pressure Aftertouch Active
    case 244:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Global.pressureAftertouch = value;
      }
      break;
    // Device User Firmware Mode Active
    case 245:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        changeUserFirmwareMode(value);
      }
      break;
    // Device Left Handed Operation Active
    case 246:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Device.otherHanded = value;
        completelyRefreshLeds();
        updateDisplay();
      }
      break;
    // Active note lights preset
    case 247:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 11)) {
        Global.activeNotes = value;
        loadCustomLedLayer(getActiveCustomLedPattern());
        updateDisplay();
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Switch CC65 for all Switches
    case 248:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_FOOT_L] = value;
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_FOOT_R] = value;
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_SWITCH_1] = value;
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_SWITCH_2] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Minimum Value For Velocity
    case 249:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 127)) {
        Global.minForVelocity = value;
        applyLimitsForVelocity();
      }
      break;
    // Global Maximum Value For Velocity
    case 250:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 127)) {
        Global.maxForVelocity = value;
        applyLimitsForVelocity();
      }
      break;
    // Global Value For Fixed Velocity
    case 251:
      if (inRange(value, 1, 127)) {
        Global.valueForFixedVelocity = value;
      }
      break;
    // Device Minimum Interval Between MIDI Bytes Over USB
    case 252:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 512)) {
        Device.minUSBMIDIInterval = value;
        applyMidiInterval();
      }
      break;
    // Global Custom Row Offset Instead Of Octave
    case 253:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 33)) {
        if (value == 33) {
          Global.customRowOffset = -17;
        }
        else {
          Global.customRowOffset = value - 16;
        }
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI Through
    case 254:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 1)) {
        Device.midiThrough = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Foot Left CC65
    case 255:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_FOOT_L] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Foot Right CC65
    case 256:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_FOOT_R] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Switch 1 CC65
    case 257:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_SWITCH_1] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Switch 2 CC65
    case 258:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_SWITCH_2] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Foot Left Sustain
    case 259:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_FOOT_L] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Foot Right Sustain
    case 260:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_FOOT_R] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Switch 1 Sustain
    case 261:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_SWITCH_1] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global MIDI CC For Switch 2 Sustain
    case 262:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_SWITCH_2] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 1
    case 263:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[0] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 2
    case 264:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[1] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 3
    case 265:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[2] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 4
    case 266:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[3] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 5
    case 267:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[4] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 6
    case 268:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[5] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 7
    case 269:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[6] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Global Note Number For Guitar Tuning Row 8
    case 270:
      if (inRange(value, 0, 127)) {
        Global.guitarTuning[7] = value;
      }
      break;
    // Query for the value of a particular parameter
    case 299:
      sendNrpnParameter(value, channel);
      break;
  }

  updateDisplay();
}

void sendNrpnParameter(int parameter, int channel) {
  byte split = LEFT;
  int value = INT_MIN;
  int param = parameter;
  if (param >= 100 && param < 200) {
    param -= 100;
    split = RIGHT;
  }

  switch (param) {
    case 0:
      value = Split[split].midiMode;
      break;
    case 1:
      value = Split[split].midiChanMain;
      break;
    case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: case 9:
    case 10: case 11: case 12: case 13: case 14: case 15: case 16: case 17:
      value = Split[split].midiChanSet[param-2];
      break;
    case 18:
      value = Split[split].midiChanPerRow;
      break;
    case 19:
      value = getBendRange(split);
      break;
    case 20:
      value = Split[split].sendX;
      break;
    case 21:
      value = Split[split].pitchCorrectQuantize;
      break;
    case 22:
      value = Split[split].pitchCorrectHold;
      break;
    case 23:
      value = Split[split].pitchResetOnRelease;
      break;
    case 24:
      value = Split[split].sendY;
      break;
    case 25:
      if (Split[split].expressionForY == timbreCC1) {
        value = 1;
      }
      else {
        value = Split[split].customCCForY;
      }
      break;
    case 26:
      value = Split[split].relativeY;
      break;
    case 27:
      value = Split[split].sendZ;
      break;
    case 28:
      value = Split[split].expressionForZ;
      break;
    case 29:
      value = Split[split].customCCForZ;
      break;
    case 30:
      value = Split[split].colorMain;
      break;
    case 31:
      value = Split[split].colorAccent;
      break;
    case 32:
      value = Split[split].colorPlayed;
      break;
    case 33:
      value = Split[split].colorLowRow;
      break;
    case 34:
      value = Split[split].lowRowMode;
      break;
    case 35:
      if (!Split[split].arpeggiator && !Split[split].ccFaders && !Split[split].strum && !Split[split].sequencer) {
        value = 0;
      }
      else if (Split[split].arpeggiator && !Split[split].ccFaders && !Split[split].strum && !Split[split].sequencer) {
        value = 1;
      }
      else if (!Split[split].arpeggiator && Split[split].ccFaders && !Split[split].strum && !Split[split].sequencer) {
        value = 2;
      }
      else if (!Split[split].arpeggiator && !Split[split].ccFaders && Split[split].strum && !Split[split].sequencer) {
        value = 3;
      }
      else if (!Split[split].arpeggiator && !Split[split].ccFaders && !Split[split].strum && Split[split].sequencer) {
        value = 4;
      }
      break;
    case 36:
      value = int(Split[split].transposeOctave/12) + 5;
      break;
    case 37:
      value = Split[split].transposePitch + 7;
      break;
    case 38:
      value = Split[split].transposeLights + 7;
      break;
    case 39:
      value = Split[split].expressionForY;
      break;
    case 40:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[0];
      break;
    case 41:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[1];
      break;
    case 42:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[2];
      break;
    case 43:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[3];
      break;
    case 44:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[4];
      break;
    case 45:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[5];
      break;
    case 46:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[6];
      break;
    case 47:
      value = Split[split].ccForFader[7];
      break;
    case 48:
      value = Split[split].lowRowCCXBehavior;
      break;
    case 49:
      value = Split[split].ccForLowRow;
      break;
    case 50:
      value = Split[split].lowRowCCXYZBehavior;
      break;
    case 51:
      value = Split[split].ccForLowRowX;
      break;
    case 52:
      value = Split[split].ccForLowRowY;
      break;
    case 53:
      value = Split[split].ccForLowRowZ;
      break;
    case 54:
      value = Split[split].minForY;
      break;
    case 55:
      value = Split[split].maxForY;
      break;
    case 56:
      value = Split[split].minForZ;
      break;
    case 57:
      value = Split[split].maxForZ;
      break;
    case 58:
      value = Split[split].ccForZ14Bit;
      break;
    case 59:
      value = Split[split].initialRelativeY;
      break;
    case 60:
      value = Split[split].midiChanPerRowReversed;
      break;
    case 61:
      value = Split[split].playedTouchMode;
      break;
    case 62:
      // Split Sequencer Toggle Play
      break;
    case 63:
      // Split Sequencer Previous Pattern
      break;
    case 64:
      // Split Sequencer Next Pattern
      break;
    case 65:
      value = sequencerCurrentPatternNumber(split);
      break;
    case 200:
      value = Global.splitActive;
      break;
    case 201:
      value = Global.currentPerSplit;
      break;
    case 202:
      value = Global.splitPoint;
      break;
    case 203: case 204: case 205: case 206: case 207: case 208:
    case 209: case 210: case 211: case 212: case 213: case 214:
      value = (Global.mainNotes[Global.activeNotes] & (1 << (param-203))) != 0;
      break;
    case 215: case 216: case 217: case 218: case 219: case 220:
    case 221: case 222: case 223: case 224: case 225: case 226:
      value = (Global.accentNotes[Global.activeNotes] & (1 << (param-215))) != 0;
      break;
    case 227:
      value = Global.rowOffset;
      break;
    case 228:
      value = Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_SWITCH_1];
      break;
    case 229:
      value = Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_SWITCH_2];
      break;
    case 230:
      value = Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_FOOT_L];
      break;
    case 231:
      value = Global.switchAssignment[SWITCH_FOOT_R];
      break;
    case 232:
      value = Global.velocitySensitivity;
      break;
    case 233:
      value = Global.pressureSensitivity;
      break;
    case 234:
      value = Global.midiIO;
      break;
    case 235:
      value = Global.arpDirection;
      break;
    case 236:
      value = Global.arpTempo;
      break;
    case 237:
      value = Global.arpOctave;
      break;
    case 238:
      value = FXD4_TO_INT(fxd4CurrentTempo);
      break;
    case 239:
      value = Global.switchBothSplits[3];
      break;
    case 240:
      value = Global.switchBothSplits[2];
      break;
    case 241:
      value = Global.switchBothSplits[0];
      break;
    case 242:
      value = Global.switchBothSplits[1];
      break;
    case 243:
      value = Device.lastLoadedPreset;
      break;
    case 244:
      value = Global.pressureAftertouch;
      break;
    case 245:
      value = userFirmwareActive;
      break;
    case 246:
      value = Device.otherHanded;
      break;
    case 247:
      value = Global.activeNotes;
      break;
    case 248:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_FOOT_L];
      break;
    case 249:
      value = Global.minForVelocity;
      break;
    case 250:
      value = Global.maxForVelocity;
      break;
    case 251:
      value = Global.valueForFixedVelocity;
      break;
    case 252:
      value = Device.minUSBMIDIInterval;
      break;
    case 253:
      if (Global.customRowOffset == -17) {
        value = 33;
      }
      else {
        value = Global.customRowOffset + 16;
      }
      break;
    case 254:
      value = Device.midiThrough;
      break;
    case 255:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_FOOT_L];
      break;
    case 256:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_FOOT_R];
      break;
    case 257:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_SWITCH_1];
      break;
    case 258:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchCC65[SWITCH_SWITCH_2];
      break;
    case 259:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_FOOT_L];
      break;
    case 260:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_FOOT_R];
      break;
    case 261:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_SWITCH_1];
      break;
    case 262:
      value = Global.ccForSwitchSustain[SWITCH_SWITCH_2];
      break;
    case 263:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[0];
      break;
    case 264:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[1];
      break;
    case 265:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[2];
      break;
    case 266:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[3];
      break;
    case 267:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[4];
      break;
    case 268:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[5];
      break;
    case 269:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[6];
      break;
    case 270:
      value = Global.guitarTuning[7];
      break;
  }

  if (value != INT_MIN) {
    midiSendNRPN(parameter, value, channel);
  }
}

inline boolean isSyncedToMidiClock() {
  return midiClockStatus == midiClockOn;
}

inline short getMidiClockCount() {
  return midiClockMessageCount - 1;
}

boolean highlightExactNoteCell(byte split, byte notenum, byte channel) {
  if (userFirmwareActive) return false;
  if (displayMode != displayNormal) return false;
  if (Split[split].midiMode != channelPerRow) return false;

  byte row = calculateRowPerChannelRow(split, channel);
  if (row < NUMROWS &&                                            // it's not possible to display cells on rows that don't exist
      (Split[split].lowRowMode == lowRowNormal || row != 0)) {    // it's not possible to display cells on the low row if it's active

    short col = getNoteNumColumn(split, notenum, row);
    if (col > 0) {
      setLed(col, row, Split[split].colorPlayed, cellOn, LED_LAYER_PLAYED);
    }
  }

  return true;
}

byte calculateRowPerChannelRow(byte split, byte channel) {
  // calculate the row that corresponds to the incoming MIDI channel and
  // the active split MIDI Channel Per Row configuration
  byte row = 0;
  byte basechan = Split[split].midiChanPerRow-1;
  if (channel >= basechan) {
    row = channel - basechan;
  }
  else {
    row = (channel + 16) - basechan;
  }

  if (Split[split].midiChanPerRowReversed) {
    return (NUMROWS - 1) - row;
  }
  else {
    return row;
  }
}

void highlightPossibleNoteCells(byte split, byte notenum) {
  if (userFirmwareActive) return;
  if (displayMode != displayNormal) return;
  if (isVisibleSequencerForSplit(split)) return;

  byte row = 0;
  if (Split[split].lowRowMode != lowRowNormal) {
    row = 1;
  }
  for (; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
    short col = getNoteNumColumn(split, notenum, row);
    if (col > 0) {
      setLed(col, row, Split[split].colorPlayed, cellOn, LED_LAYER_PLAYED);
    }
  }
}

boolean resetExactNoteCell(byte split, byte notenum, byte channel) {
  if (userFirmwareActive) return false;
  if (displayMode != displayNormal) return false;
  if (Split[split].midiMode != channelPerRow) return false;

  byte row = calculateRowPerChannelRow(split, channel);
  if (row < NUMROWS &&                                            // it's not possible to display cells on rows that don't exist
      (Split[split].lowRowMode == lowRowNormal || row != 0)) {    // it's not possible to display cells on the low row if it's active

    short col = getNoteNumColumn(split, notenum, row);
    if (col > 0) {
      setLed(col, row, COLOR_OFF, cellOff, LED_LAYER_PLAYED);
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

void resetPossibleNoteCells(byte split, byte notenum) {
  if (userFirmwareActive) return;
  if (displayMode != displayNormal) return;
  if (isVisibleSequencerForSplit(split)) return;
  
  byte row = 0;
  if (Split[split].lowRowMode != lowRowNormal) {
    row = 1;
  }
  for (; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
    short col = getNoteNumColumn(split, notenum, row);
    if (col > 0) {
      setLed(col, row, COLOR_OFF, cellOff, LED_LAYER_PLAYED);
    }
  }
}

short getNoteNumColumn(byte split, byte notenum, byte row) {
  short row_offset_note = determineRowOffsetNote(split, row);
  short col = notenum - (row_offset_note + Split[split].transposeOctave) + 1           // calculate the column that this MIDI note can be played on
            + Split[split].transposeLights - Split[split].transposePitch;;             // adapt for transposition settings
  if (isLeftHandedSplit(split)) {
    col = NUMCOLS - col;
  }

  byte lowColSplit, highColSplit;
  getSplitBoundaries(split, lowColSplit, highColSplit);
  if (col < lowColSplit || col >= highColSplit) {                                      // only return columns that are valid for the split
    col = -1;
  }

  return col;
}

// Arrays to keep track of the last sent MIDI values to allow the MIDI output
// routines to not unnecessarily send out duplicate data
byte lastValueMidiCC[16][128];
int  lastValueMidiPB[16];
byte lastValueMidiAT[16];
byte lastValueMidiPP[16][128];

// Arrays to keep track of the last moment of MIDI values to allow for MIDI output
// decimation
unsigned long lastMomentMidiCC[16][128];
unsigned long lastMomentMidiPB[16];
unsigned long lastMomentMidiAT[16];
unsigned long lastMomentMidiPP[16][128];

inline byte getBendRange(byte split) {
  byte bendRange = 0;

  switch (Split[split].bendRangeOption) {
    case bendRange2:
      bendRange = 2;
      break;
    case bendRange3:
      bendRange = 3;
      break;
    case bendRange12:
      bendRange = 12;
      break;
    case bendRange24:
      bendRange = Split[split].customBendRange;
      break;
  }

  return bendRange;
}

int scalePitch(byte split, int pitchValue) {
  byte bendRange = getBendRange(split);

  // Adapt for bend range
  switch(bendRange)
  {
    // pure integer math cases
    case 1:
    case 2:
    case 3:
    case 4:
    case 6:
    case 8:
    case 12:
    case 16:
    case 24:
      pitchValue = pitchValue * (48 / bendRange);
      break;
    // no calculations needed
    case 48:
      break;
    // others need fixed point decimal math
    default:
      pitchValue = FXD_TO_INT(FXD_MUL(FXD_FROM_INT(pitchValue), FXD_DIV(FXD_FROM_INT(48), FXD_FROM_INT(bendRange))));
      break;
  }

  return pitchValue;
}

// Reset all the MIDI expression values
void preResetMidiExpression(byte split) {
  initializeLastMidiTracking();

  switch (Split[split].midiMode)
  {
    case channelPerNote:
    {
      for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
        if (Split[split].midiChanSet[ch]) {
          midiSendPitchBend(0, ch+1);
          byte note = 128; // this is invalid on purpose
          preSendTimbre(split, 0, note, ch);
          preSendLoudness(split, 0, 0, note, ch);
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case channelPerRow:
    {
      for (byte row = 0; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
        byte ch = Split[split].midiChanPerRow + row;
        if (ch > 16) {
          ch -= 16;
        }
        midiSendPitchBend(0, ch);
        byte note = 128; // this is invalid on purpose
        preSendTimbre(split, 0, note, ch);
        preSendLoudness(split, 0, 0, note, ch);
      }
      break;
    }

    case oneChannel:
    {
      byte ch = Split[split].midiChanMain;
      midiSendPitchBend(0, ch);
      byte note = 128; // this is invalid on purpose
      preSendTimbre(split, 0, note, ch);
      preSendLoudness(split, 0, 0, note, ch);
      break;
    }
  }
}

// Send pitch bend data to all the active channels of the split without changing the bend range
void preSendPitchBend(byte split, int pitchValue) {
  pitchValue = scalePitch(split, pitchValue);

  switch (Split[split].midiMode)
  {
    case channelPerNote:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        midiSendPitchBend(pitchValue, Split[split].midiChanMain);
      }
      else {
        for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
          if (Split[split].midiChanSet[ch]) {
            midiSendPitchBend(pitchValue, ch+1);
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case channelPerRow:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        midiSendPitchBend(pitchValue, Split[split].midiChanMain);
      }
      else {
        for (byte row = 0; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
          byte ch = Split[split].midiChanPerRow + row;
          if (ch > 16) {
            ch -= 16;
          }
          midiSendPitchBend(pitchValue, ch);
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case oneChannel:
    {
      midiSendPitchBend(pitchValue, Split[split].midiChanMain);
      break;
    }
  }
}

// Called to send a Pitch Bend message. Depending on mode, sends different Bend data
void preSendPitchBend(byte split, int pitchValue, byte channel) {
  midiSendPitchBend(scalePitch(split, pitchValue), channel);    // Send the bend amount as a difference from bend center (8192)
}

// Calculate the real value if custom limits are set
byte applyLimits(byte value, byte minValue, byte maxValue, int32_t ratio) {
  if (minValue != 0 || maxValue != 127) {
    value = minValue + FXD_TO_INT(FXD_MUL(FXD_FROM_INT(value), ratio));
  }

  return value;
}

unsigned short applyLimits1016(unsigned short value, byte minValue, byte maxValue, int32_t ratio) {
  if (minValue != 0 || maxValue != 127) {
    value = minValue * 8 + FXD_TO_INT(FXD_MUL(FXD_FROM_INT(value), ratio));
  }

  return value;
}

void preResetLastTimbre(byte split, byte note, byte channel) {
  switch(Split[split].expressionForY)
  {
    case timbrePolyPressure:
      resetLastMidiPolyPressure(note, channel);
      break;

    case timbreChannelPressure:
      resetLastMidiAfterTouch(channel);
      break;

    default:
    {
      byte ccForY;
      if (Split[split].expressionForY == timbreCC1) {
        ccForY = 1;
      }
      else {
        ccForY = Split[split].customCCForY;
      }
      resetLastMidiCC(ccForY, channel);
      break;
    }
  }
}

// Called to send Y-axis movements
void preSendTimbre(byte split, byte yValue, byte note, byte channel) {
  yValue = applyLimits(yValue, Split[split].minForY, Split[split].maxForY, fxdLimitsForYRatio[split]);

  switch(Split[split].expressionForY)
  {
    case timbrePolyPressure:
      midiSendPolyPressure(note, yValue, channel);
      break;

    case timbreChannelPressure:
      midiSendAfterTouch(yValue, channel);
      break;

    default:
    {
      byte ccForY;
      if (Split[split].expressionForY == timbreCC1) {
        ccForY = 1;
      }
      else {
        ccForY = Split[split].customCCForY;
      }
      // if the low row is down, only send the CC for Y if it's not being sent by the low row already
      if ((!isLowRowCCXActive(split) ||
            ccForY != Split[split].ccForLowRow) &&
          (!isLowRowCCXYZActive(split) ||
            (ccForY != Split[split].ccForLowRowX &&
             ccForY != Split[split].ccForLowRowY &&
             ccForY != Split[split].ccForLowRowZ))) {
          midiSendControlChange(ccForY, yValue, channel);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}

void preResetLastLoudness(byte split, byte note, byte channel) {
  switch(Split[split].expressionForZ)
  {
    case loudnessPolyPressure:
      resetLastMidiPolyPressure(note, channel);
      break;

    case loudnessChannelPressure:
      resetLastMidiAfterTouch(channel);
      break;

    case loudnessCC11:
      resetLastMidiCC(Split[split].customCCForZ, channel);
      break;
  }
}

// Called to send Z message. Depending on midiMode, sends different types of Channel Pressure or Poly Pressure message.
void preSendLoudness(byte split, byte pressureValueLo, short pressureValueHi, byte note, byte channel) {
  pressureValueHi = applyLimits1016(pressureValueHi, Split[split].minForZ, Split[split].maxForZ, fxdLimitsForZRatio[split]);
  // scale 1016 to 16383 and fill out with the low resolution in order to reach the full range at maximum value
  pressureValueHi = (pressureValueHi * 16 + pressureValueLo) & 0x3FFF;
  pressureValueLo = applyLimits(pressureValueLo, Split[split].minForZ, Split[split].maxForZ, fxdLimitsForZRatio[split]);

  switch(Split[split].expressionForZ)
  {
    case loudnessPolyPressure:
      midiSendPolyPressure(note, pressureValueLo, channel);
      break;

    case loudnessChannelPressure:
      midiSendAfterTouch(pressureValueLo, channel);
      break;

    case loudnessCC11:
      // if the low row is down, only send the CC for Z if it's not being sent by the low row already
      if ((!isLowRowCCXActive(split) ||
            Split[split].customCCForZ != Split[split].ccForLowRow) &&
          (!isLowRowCCXYZActive(split) ||
            (Split[split].customCCForZ != Split[split].ccForLowRowX &&
             Split[split].customCCForZ != Split[split].ccForLowRowY &&
             Split[split].customCCForZ != Split[split].ccForLowRowZ))) {
        if (Split[split].customCCForZ < 32 && Split[split].ccForZ14Bit) {
          midiSendControlChange14BitMIDISpec(Split[split].customCCForZ, Split[split].customCCForZ+32, pressureValueHi, channel);
        }
        else {
          midiSendControlChange(Split[split].customCCForZ, pressureValueLo, channel);
        }
      }
      break;
  }
}

void resetLastMidiPolyPressure(byte note, byte channel) {
  note = constrain(note, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  lastValueMidiPP[channel][note] = 0xFF;
  lastMomentMidiPP[channel][note] = 0;
}

void resetLastMidiAfterTouch(byte channel) {
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  lastValueMidiAT[channel] = 0xFF;
  lastMomentMidiAT[channel] = 0;
}

void preResetLastMidiCC(byte split, byte controlnum) {
  switch (Split[split].midiMode) {
    case channelPerNote:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        if (controlnum == 128) {
          resetLastMidiAfterTouch(Split[sensorSplit].midiChanMain);
        }
        else {
          resetLastMidiCC(controlnum, Split[split].midiChanMain);
        }
      }
      else {
        for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
          if (Split[split].midiChanSet[ch]) {
            if (controlnum == 128) {
              resetLastMidiAfterTouch(ch+1);
            }
            else {
              resetLastMidiCC(controlnum, ch+1);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case channelPerRow:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        if (controlnum == 128) {
          resetLastMidiAfterTouch(Split[sensorSplit].midiChanMain);
        }
        else {
          resetLastMidiCC(controlnum, Split[split].midiChanMain);
        }
      }
      else {
        for (byte row = 0; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
          byte ch = Split[split].midiChanPerRow + row;
          if (ch > 16) {
            ch -= 16;
          }
          if (controlnum == 128) {
            resetLastMidiAfterTouch(ch);
          }
          else {
            resetLastMidiCC(controlnum, ch);
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case oneChannel:
    {
      if (controlnum == 128) {
        resetLastMidiAfterTouch(Split[sensorSplit].midiChanMain);
      }
      else {
        resetLastMidiCC(controlnum, Split[split].midiChanMain);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}

void resetLastMidiCC(byte controlnum, byte channel) {
  controlnum = constrain(controlnum, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlnum] = 0xFF;
  lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlnum] = 0;
}

void resetLastMidiPitchBend(byte channel) {
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);
  
  lastValueMidiPB[channel] = 0x7FFF;
  lastMomentMidiPB[channel] = 0;
}

void preResetLastMidiPitchBend(byte split) {
  switch (Split[split].midiMode)
  {
    case channelPerNote:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        resetLastMidiPitchBend(Split[split].midiChanMain);
      }
      else {
        for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
          if (Split[split].midiChanSet[ch]) {
            resetLastMidiPitchBend(ch+1);
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case channelPerRow:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        resetLastMidiPitchBend(Split[split].midiChanMain);
      }
      else {
        for (byte row = 0; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
          byte ch = Split[split].midiChanPerRow + row;
          if (ch > 16) {
            ch -= 16;
          }
          resetLastMidiPitchBend(ch);
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case oneChannel:
    {
      resetLastMidiPitchBend(Split[split].midiChanMain);
      break;
    }
  }
}

void initializeLastMidiTracking() {
  // Initialize the arrays that track the latest MIDI values by setting all entries
  // to invalid MIDI values. This ensures that the first messages will always be sent.
  for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
    lastValueMidiPB[ch] = 0x7FFF;
    lastValueMidiAT[ch] = 0xFF;
    lastMomentMidiPB[ch] = 0;
    lastMomentMidiAT[ch] = 0;
    for (byte msg = 0; msg < 128; ++msg) {
      lastValueMidiCC[ch][msg] = 0xFF;
      lastValueMidiPP[ch][msg] = 0xFF;
      lastMomentMidiCC[ch][msg] = 0;
      lastMomentMidiPP[ch][msg] = 0;
    }

    performContinuousTasks();
  }

  // Initialize the arrays that track which MIDI notes are on
  for (byte s = 0; s < 2; ++s) {
    for (byte c = 0; c < 16; ++c) {
      for (byte n = 0; n < 128; ++n) {
        lastValueMidiNotesOn[s][n][c] = 0;
      }

      performContinuousTasks();
    }
  }
}

void queueMidiMessage(MIDIStatus type, byte param1, byte param2, byte channel) {
  // we always queue four bytes and will process them as MIDI messages in the handlePendingMidi
  midiOutQueue.push(channel & 0x0F);
  midiOutQueue.push((byte)type);
  midiOutQueue.push(param1 & 0x7F);
  midiOutQueue.push(param2 & 0x7F);
}

void handlePendingMidi(unsigned long now) {
  static unsigned long lastEnvoy = 0;
  static byte inMsgIndex = 0;
  static byte lastChannel = 0;
  static byte lastType = 0;
  static byte outMsgBuffer[3];
  static byte outMsgIndex = 0;

  // if there's a sysex message ready to be sent out, do that first
  if (!sysexOutQueue.empty()) {
    while (Serial.availableForWrite()) {
      Serial.write(sysexOutQueue.pop());
    }
    return;
  }

  // when there are MIDI messages queued and the serial queue has room
  // for at least one full MIDI message start sending it out
  if (!midiOutQueue.empty() && Serial.availableForWrite() > 3) {
    // the first queued byte is always the MIDI channel
    if (inMsgIndex == 0) {
      lastChannel = midiOutQueue.pop();
      inMsgIndex++;
    }
    // the others will constitute the actual MIDI message
    else {
      byte nextByte = midiOutQueue.peek();

      // always insert a 1 ms delay around MIDI note on and note off boundaries
      unsigned long additionalInterval = 0;
      if (inMsgIndex == 1 &&
          (lastType == MIDINoteOn ||
           nextByte == MIDINoteOff || lastType == MIDINoteOff)) {
        additionalInterval = 2000;
      }

      // if the time between now and the last MIDI message exceeds the required interval, process it
      if (calcTimeDelta(now, lastEnvoy) >= (midiMinimumInterval * 3 + additionalInterval)) {
        // construct the correct MIDI byte that needs to be sent
        byte midiByte;
        if (inMsgIndex == 1) {
          midiByte = nextByte | lastChannel;
        }
        else {
          midiByte = nextByte;
        }

        // add the MIDI message byte to the buffer
        outMsgBuffer[outMsgIndex++] = midiByte;

        // keep track of the last MIDI message type that was handled
        if (inMsgIndex == 1) {
          lastType = nextByte;
        }

        // remove the sent byte from the queue and keep track of the message sequence
        midiOutQueue.pop();
        inMsgIndex++;

        // in case of MIDI clock messages, the MIDI message length is two shorter,
        // so automatically remove the third and fourth byte from the queue since it's unused
        if (inMsgIndex == 2 &&
            (lastType == MIDIStart || lastType == MIDIContinue || lastType == MIDIStop || lastType == MIDITimingClock)) {
          midiOutQueue.pop();
          midiOutQueue.pop();
          inMsgIndex += 2;
        }
        // in case of program change and channel pressure, the MIDI message length is one shorter,
        // so automatically remove the fourth byte from the queue since it's unused
        else if (inMsgIndex == 3 &&
                 (lastType == MIDIProgramChange || lastType == MIDIChannelPressure)) {
          midiOutQueue.pop();
          inMsgIndex++;
        }
      }
    }

    // each time four bytes have been processed from the queue, start a new MIDI message
    if (inMsgIndex == 4) {
      // write the MIDI message in its entirety to the serial port
      Serial.write(outMsgBuffer, outMsgIndex);

      inMsgIndex = 0;
      lastChannel = 0;
      outMsgIndex = 0;

      // update the last time a MIDI message was sent
      lastEnvoy = now;
    }
  }
}

void preSendFader(byte split, byte v) {
}

void preSendVolume(byte split, byte v) {
  preSendControlChange(split, 7, v, false);
}

void preSendSustain(byte split, byte v) {
  preSendControlChange(split, 64, v, true);
}

void preSendSwitchSustain(byte whichSwitch, byte split, byte v) {
  preSendControlChange(split, Global.ccForSwitchSustain[whichSwitch], v, true);
}

void preSendSwitchCC65(byte whichSwitch, byte split, byte v) {
  preSendControlChange(split, Global.ccForSwitchCC65[whichSwitch], v, true);
}

void preSendControlChange(byte split, byte controlnum, byte v, boolean always) {
  switch (Split[split].midiMode) {
    case channelPerNote:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        if (controlnum == 128) {
          midiSendAfterTouch(v, Split[sensorSplit].midiChanMain, always);
        }
        else {
          midiSendControlChange(controlnum, v, Split[split].midiChanMain, always);
        }
      }
      else {
        for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
          if (Split[split].midiChanSet[ch]) {
            if (controlnum == 128) {
              midiSendAfterTouch(v, ch+1, always);
            }
            else {
              midiSendControlChange(controlnum, v, ch+1, always);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case channelPerRow:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        if (controlnum == 128) {
          midiSendAfterTouch(v, Split[sensorSplit].midiChanMain, always);
        }
        else {
          midiSendControlChange(controlnum, v, Split[split].midiChanMain, always);
        }
      }
      else {
        for (byte row = 0; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
          byte ch = Split[split].midiChanPerRow + row;
          if (ch > 16) {
            ch -= 16;
          }
          if (controlnum == 128) {
            midiSendAfterTouch(v, ch, always);
          }
          else {
            midiSendControlChange(controlnum, v, ch, always);
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case oneChannel:
    {
      if (controlnum == 128) {
        midiSendAfterTouch(v, Split[sensorSplit].midiChanMain, always);
      }
      else {
        midiSendControlChange(controlnum, v, Split[split].midiChanMain, always);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}

void preSendPreset(byte split, byte p) {
  switch (Split[split].midiMode) {
    case channelPerNote:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        midiSendProgramChange(p, Split[split].midiChanMain);
      }
      else {
        for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
          if (Split[split].midiChanSet[ch]) {
            midiSendProgramChange(p, ch+1);
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case channelPerRow:
    {
      if (Split[split].midiChanMainEnabled) {
        midiSendProgramChange(p, Split[split].midiChanMain);
      }
      else {
        for (byte row = 0; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
          byte ch = Split[split].midiChanPerRow + row;
          if (ch > 16) {
            ch -= 16;
          }
          midiSendProgramChange(p, ch);
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    case oneChannel:
    {
      midiSendProgramChange(p, Split[split].midiChanMain);
      break;
    }
  }
}

void midiSendAllNotesOff(byte split) {
  preSendControlChange(split, 120, 0, true);
  preSendControlChange(split, 123, 0, true);

  preSendControlChange(split, 64, 0, true);
  for (byte notenum = 0; notenum < 128; ++notenum) {
    switch (Split[split].midiMode) {
      case channelPerNote:
      {
        for (byte ch = 0; ch < 16; ++ch) {
          if (Split[split].midiChanSet[ch]) {
            midiSendNoteOffRaw(notenum, 0x40, ch);
          }
        }
        break;
      }

      case channelPerRow:
      {
        for ( byte row = 0; row < NUMROWS; ++row) {
          byte ch = Split[split].midiChanPerRow + row;
          if (ch > 16) {
            ch -= 16;
          }
          midiSendNoteOffRaw(notenum, 0x40, ch-1);
        }
        break;
      }

      case oneChannel:
      {
        midiSendNoteOffRaw(notenum, 0x40, Split[split].midiChanMain-1);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}

void midiSendControlChange(byte controlnum, byte controlval, byte channel) {
  midiSendControlChange(controlnum, controlval, channel, false);
}

void midiSendControlChange(byte controlnum, byte controlval, byte channel, boolean always) {
  controlnum = constrain(controlnum, 0, 127);
  controlval = constrain(controlval, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  unsigned long now = micros();
  // always send channel mode messages and sustain, as well as messages that are flagged as always
  if (!always && controlnum < 120 && controlnum != 64) {
    if (lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlnum] == controlval) return;
    if (controlval != 0 && calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlnum]) <= midiDecimateRate) return;
  }
  lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlnum] = controlval;
  lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlnum] = now;

  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendControlChange controlnum=");
      Serial.print((int)controlnum);
      Serial.print(", controlval=");
      Serial.print((int)controlval);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, controlnum, controlval, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendControlChange14BitUserFirmware(byte controlMsb, byte controlLsb, short controlval, byte channel) {
  controlMsb = constrain(controlMsb, 0, 127);
  controlLsb = constrain(controlLsb, 0, 127);
  controlval = constrain(controlval, 0, 0x3fff);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  unsigned long now = micros();

  // calculate the 14-bit msb and lsb
  unsigned msb = (controlval & 0x3fff) >> 7;
  unsigned lsb = controlval & 0x7f;

  if (lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlMsb] == msb && lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlLsb] == lsb) return;
  if (controlval != 0 &&
      (calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlMsb]) <= midiDecimateRate ||
       calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlLsb]) <= midiDecimateRate)) return;
  lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlMsb] = msb;
  lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlMsb] = now;
  lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlLsb] = lsb;
  lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlLsb] = now;

  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendControlChange14BitUserFirmware controlMsb=");
      Serial.print((int)controlMsb);
      Serial.print(", controlLsb=");
      Serial.print((int)controlLsb);
      Serial.print(", controlval=");
      Serial.print((int)controlval);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, controlLsb, lsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, controlMsb, msb, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendControlChange14BitMIDISpec(byte controlMsb, byte controlLsb, short controlval, byte channel) {
  controlMsb = constrain(controlMsb, 0, 127);
  controlLsb = constrain(controlLsb, 0, 127);
  controlval = constrain(controlval, 0, 0x3fff);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  unsigned long now = micros();

  // calculate the 14-bit msb and lsb
  unsigned msb = (controlval & 0x3fff) >> 7;
  unsigned lsb = controlval & 0x7f;

  if (lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlMsb] == msb && lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlLsb] == lsb) return;
  if (controlval != 0 &&
      (calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlMsb]) <= midiDecimateRate ||
       calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlLsb]) <= midiDecimateRate)) return;
  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendControlChange14BitMIDISpec controlMsb=");
      Serial.print((int)controlMsb);
      Serial.print(", controlLsb=");
      Serial.print((int)controlLsb);
      Serial.print(", controlval=");
      Serial.print((int)controlval);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    if (lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlMsb] != msb) {
      lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlMsb] = msb;
      lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlMsb] = now;
      queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, controlMsb, msb, channel);
    }
    lastValueMidiCC[channel][controlLsb] = lsb;
    lastMomentMidiCC[channel][controlLsb] = now;
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, controlLsb, lsb, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendNoteOn(byte split, byte notenum, byte velocity, byte channel) {
  split = constrain(split, 0, 1);
  notenum = constrain(notenum, 0, 127);
  velocity = constrain(velocity, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  lastValueMidiNotesOn[split][notenum][channel]++;

  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendNoteOn notenum=");
      Serial.print((int)notenum);
      Serial.print(", velocity=");
      Serial.print((int)velocity);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDINoteOn, notenum, velocity, channel);
  }
}

boolean hasActiveMidiNote(byte split, byte notenum, byte channel) {
  split = constrain(split, 0, 1);
  notenum = constrain(notenum, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);
  return lastValueMidiNotesOn[split][notenum][channel] > 0;
}

void midiSendNoteOff(byte split, byte notenum, byte channel) {
  split = constrain(split, 0, 1);
  notenum = constrain(notenum, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  if (lastValueMidiNotesOn[split][notenum][channel] > 0) {
      lastValueMidiNotesOn[split][notenum][channel]--;
    midiSendNoteOffRaw(notenum, 0x40, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendNoteOffWithVelocity(byte split, byte notenum, byte velocity, byte channel) {
  split = constrain(split, 0, 1);
  notenum = constrain(notenum, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  if (lastValueMidiNotesOn[split][notenum][channel] > 0) {
      lastValueMidiNotesOn[split][notenum][channel]--;
    midiSendNoteOffRaw(notenum, velocity, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendNoteOffRaw(byte notenum, byte velocity, byte channel) {
  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendNoteOff notenum=");
      Serial.print((int)notenum);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDINoteOff, notenum, velocity, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendNoteOffForAllTouches(byte split) {
  split = constrain(split, 0, 1);

  signed char note = noteTouchMapping[split].firstNote;
  signed char channel = noteTouchMapping[split].firstChannel;

  while (note != -1) {
    midiSendNoteOff(split, note, channel);
    NoteEntry* entry = noteTouchMapping[split].getNoteEntry(note, channel);
    if (entry == NULL) {
      note = -1;
    }
    else {
      note = entry->getNextNote();
      channel = entry->getNextChannel();
    }
    performContinuousTasks();
  }
}

boolean hasPreviousPitchBendValue(byte channel) {
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);
  return lastValueMidiPB[channel] != 0x2000 && lastValueMidiPB[channel] != 0x7FFF;
}

void midiSendPitchBend(int pitchval, byte channel) {
  int bend = constrain(pitchval + 0x2000, 0, 16383);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  unsigned long now = micros();
  if (lastValueMidiPB[channel] == bend) return;
  if (pitchval != 0 && calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiPB[channel]) <= midiDecimateRate) return;
  lastValueMidiPB[channel] = bend;
  lastMomentMidiPB[channel] = now;

  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendPitchBend pitchval=");
      Serial.print(pitchval);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIPitchBend, bend & 0x7F, (bend >> 7) & 0x7F, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendProgramChange(byte preset, byte channel) {
  preset = constrain(preset, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  if (Device.serialMode) {
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI && debugLevel >= 0) {
      Serial.print("midiSendProgramChange preset=");
      Serial.print(preset);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIProgramChange, preset, 0, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendAfterTouch(byte value, byte channel) {
  midiSendAfterTouch(value, channel, false);
}

void midiSendAfterTouch(byte value, byte channel, boolean always) {
  value = constrain(value, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  unsigned long now = micros();
  if (!always) {
    if (lastValueMidiAT[channel] == value) return;
    if (value != 0 && calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiAT[channel]) <= midiDecimateRate) return;
  }
  lastValueMidiAT[channel] = value;
  lastMomentMidiAT[channel] = now;

  if (Device.serialMode) {
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI && debugLevel >= 0) {
      Serial.print("midiSendAfterTouch value=");
      Serial.print(value);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIChannelPressure, value, 0, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendPolyPressure(byte notenum, byte value, byte channel) {
  if (notenum > 127) return;

  value = constrain(value, 0, 127);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  unsigned long now = micros();
  if (lastValueMidiPP[channel][notenum] == value) return;
  if (value != 0 && calcTimeDelta(now, lastMomentMidiPP[channel][notenum]) <= midiDecimateRate) return;
  lastValueMidiPP[channel][notenum] = value;
  lastMomentMidiPP[channel][notenum] = now;

  if (Device.serialMode) {
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI && debugLevel >= 0) {
      Serial.print("midiSendPolyPressure notenum=");
      Serial.print((int)notenum);
      Serial.print(", value=");
      Serial.print((int)value);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIPolyphonicPressure, notenum, value, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendNRPN(unsigned short number, unsigned short value, byte channel) {
  number = constrain(number, 0, 0x3fff);
  value = constrain(value, 0, 0x3fff);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendNRPN number=");
      Serial.print((int)number);
      Serial.print(", value=");
      Serial.print((int)value);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    unsigned numberMsb = (number & 0x3fff) >> 7;
    unsigned numberLsb = number & 0x7f;
    unsigned valueMsb = (value & 0x3fff) >> 7;
    unsigned valueLsb = value & 0x7f;

    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 99, numberMsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 98, numberLsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 6, valueMsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 38, valueLsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 101, 127, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 100, 127, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendRPN(unsigned short number, unsigned short value, byte channel) {
  number = constrain(number, 0, 0x3fff);
  value = constrain(value, 0, 0x3fff);
  channel = constrain(channel-1, 0, 15);

  if (Device.serialMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI) {
      Serial.print("midiSendRPN number=");
      Serial.print((int)number);
      Serial.print(", value=");
      Serial.print((int)value);
      Serial.print(", channel=");
      Serial.print((int)channel);
      Serial.print("\n");
    }
#endif
  }
  else {
    unsigned numberMsb = (number & 0x3fff) >> 7;
    unsigned numberLsb = number & 0x7f;
    unsigned valueMsb = (value & 0x3fff) >> 7;
    unsigned valueLsb = value & 0x7f;

    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 101, numberMsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 100, numberLsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 6, valueMsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 38, valueLsb, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 101, 127, channel);
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIControlChange, 100, 127, channel);
  }
}

void midiSendMpeState(byte mainChannel, byte polyphony) {
  midiSendRPN(6, polyphony << 7, mainChannel);
}

void midiSendMpePitchBendRange(byte split) {
  if (Split[split].mpe) {
    unsigned short pb_sens = getBendRange(split) << 7;
    midiSendRPN(0, pb_sens, Split[split].midiChanMain);

    byte polyphony = countMpePolyphony(split);
    if (Split[split].midiChanMain == 1) {
      for (byte ch = 1; ch <= polyphony; ++ch) {
        midiSendRPN(0, pb_sens, Split[split].midiChanMain + ch);
      }
    }
    else if (Split[split].midiChanMain == 16) {
      for (byte ch = 1; ch <= polyphony; ++ch) {
        midiSendRPN(0, pb_sens, Split[split].midiChanMain - ch);
      }
    }
  }
}

bool isStandaloneMidiClockRunning() {
  return standaloneMidiClockRunning;
}

void standaloneMidiClockStart() {
  if (!sequencerIsRunning() && !isSyncedToMidiClock()) {
    if (!standaloneMidiClockRunning) {
      standaloneMidiClockRunning = true;
      midiSendStart();
      midiSendTimingClock();
    }
  }
}

void standaloneMidiClockStop() {
  if (!sequencerIsRunning() && !isSyncedToMidiClock()) {
    if (standaloneMidiClockRunning) {
      if (controlButton != GLOBAL_SETTINGS_ROW && tempoLedOn != 0) {
        tempoLedOn = 0;
        clearLed(0, GLOBAL_SETTINGS_ROW);
      }

      standaloneMidiClockRunning = false;
      midiSendStop();
    }
  }
}

void midiSendStart() {
  if (Device.serialMode) {
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI && debugLevel >= 0) {
      Serial.println("midiSendStart");
    }
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIStart, 0, 0, 0);
  }
}

void midiSendTimingClock() {
  if (Device.serialMode) {
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI && debugLevel >= 0) {
      Serial.println("midiSendTimingClock");
    }
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDITimingClock, 0, 0, 0);
  }
}

void midiSendStop() {
  if (Device.serialMode) {
    if (SWITCH_DEBUGMIDI && debugLevel >= 0) {
      Serial.println("midiSendStop");
    }
  }
  else {
    queueMidiMessage(MIDIStop, 0, 0, 0);
  }
}