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README
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***********************************************************************
Welcome to ATALANTA <Version 2.0>!
ATALANTA is an automatic test pattern generator for stuck-at faults
in combinational circuits. It employs the FAN algorithm for test
pattern generation and the parallel pattern single fault propagation
technique for fault simulation.
ATALANTA was developed in the Bradley Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
(VPI&SU) and the copy right belongs to VPI&SU.
The source code is released for teaching and research use only.
Any publication in which ATALANTA was used to obtain the results should
cite the reference given below. (Please do not say that a public domain
tool was used in this research.)
This program, or any derivative thereof, may not be reproduced
nor used for any commercial product without a written permission form
from Prof. Dong S. Ha. For commercial use of ATALANTA or if any bugs found,
please contact to
Prof. Dong S. Ha
Department of Electrical and Computer Eng.
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Ph.: (540) 231-4942
Fax: (540) 231-3362
E-Mail: [email protected]
Web: http://www.ee.vt.edu/ha
************************************************************************
REFERENCE: H. K. Lee and D. S. Ha, "On the Generation of Test Patterns
for Combinational Circuits," Technical Report No. 12_93,
Dep't of Electrical Eng., Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University.
***************************** HISTORY **********************************
atalanta: version 1.0
Original: H. K. Lee, 8/15/1990
atalanta: version 1.1
Shuffling Compaction, Sarita Thakar 12/15/93
Added learning, dynamic unique path sensitization, H. K. Lee, 4/30/1994
Read the fault list file, H. K. Lee, 4/30/1994
atalanta: version 2.0
Removed the option -I, H. K. Lee, 6/30/1997
Combined HOPE and atalanta, H. K. Lee, 6/30/1997
(Added options: -H, -0, -1, -X, -R)
Added diagnostic options, H. K. Lee, 6/30/1997
(Added options: -A, -D, -Z, -N)
********************** Important Note **********************
* *
* Atalanta reads circuits in ISCAS89 netlist format *
* rather than the original ISCAS85 netlist format. *
* This is done so, since ISCAS89 netlist format is more *
* flexible. *
* *
************************************************************
************************************************************************
----------------- Installation Procedure -----------------------------
I. To install atalanta, follow the procedures described below.
1. To install atalanta, make a bin directory under your home
directory. Suppose that the home directory is ~cad and
the source code of atalanta is under the directory
~cad/atalanta.
2. Go to the directory atalanta using
"cd ~cad/atalanta".
3. To compile atalanta, type "make".
An execution file "atalanta" will be created.
4. Copy or symbolically link atalanta to the directory ~cad/bin using
"cp atalanta ~cad/bin" or
"ln -s atalanta ~cad/bin".
II. Before using atalanta, each user should set the following
two environment variables as described below.
1. Set your path (or PATH) environment variable to include
~cad/bin in your search path. This variable, in general,
can be found in your ".cshrc" file. For example, the line
set path = (... ~cad/bin ...)
includes ~cad/bin to your search path.
2. Set the ATALANTA_MAN environment variable to indicate the
directory atalanta, where the on-line manual of atalanta is
located, using the setenv statement as shown below.
"setenv ATALANTA_MAN ~cad/atalanta"
If you use atalanta frequently, add the above statement to your
".cshrc" file.
Run atalanta as described below.
----------------- User's Guide for ATALANTA --------------------------
NAME: atalanta --- Automatic Test Pattern Generator for stuck-at
faults in combinational circuits
SYNOPSIS: atalanta [options] circuit_file [> outfile]
OPTIONS: Several options are available for atalanta.
If an option is not specified, the default value is used.
-A Diagnostic mode
Atalanta derives all test patterns for each fault.
In this option, all unspecified inputs are left unknown, and
fault simulation is not performed.
(default: Normal test generation mode)
-D n Diagnostic mode
Atalanta derives n test patterns for each fault.
In this option, all unspecified inputs are left unknown, and
fault simulation is not performed. If both -A and -D option
are specified, -D option is applied.
(default: Normal test generation mode)
-b n The number of maximum backtrackings for the FAN
algorithm phase 1. (default: -b 10)
-B n If -B n (n>0) option is specified, atalanta generates test
patterns in two phases. In phase 1, static unique path
sensitization is employed. If the test generation for a
target fault is aborted in phase 1, the test generation
is tried in phase 2. In phase 2, dynamic unique path
sensitization is employed. If n=0, phase 2 is not performed.
If n>0, phase 2 test generation is performed with the
backtrack limit of n.
(default: -B 0, i.e., phase 2 is not performed.)
-f fn Faults are read from the file fn.
This option is available only for ISCAS89 netlist format.
(default: faults are generated internally.)
-h f Displays the fault list format
-h g Displays the on-line user's guide.
-h n Displays an example netlist format.
-h t Displays an example test pattern file.
-h a Displays the entire on-line manual file.
(default: no manual is displayed)
-H HOPE, which is a parallel fault fault simulator, is employed
for fault simulation. In this option, three logic values (0, 1
and X), instead of two logic values (0 and 1), are employed.
Due to the embedding of the unknown logic value and the parallel
fault fault simulation algorithm, the test generation time is
slower than the default mode.)
(default: FSIM, which is a parallel pattern fault simulator,
is employed, and two logic values are used.)
-l fn Log file is created.
(default: no logfile is created)
-L Static learning is performed. (default: no learning)
-c n Atalanta compacts test patterns using two different
methods: reverse order compaction and shuffling
compaction. First, test patterns are applied
in the reverse order and fault simulated (reverse order
compaction). Second, test patterns are shuffled randomly
and fault simulated (shuffling compaction). During the fault
simulations, all the test patterns which do not detect a
new fault are eliminated. The option -c n specifies
the limit of shuffling compaction. If n>0, shuffling
compaction is terminated if n consecutive shuffles
do not drop a test pattern. If n=0, shuffling
compaction is not included and compaction is done only
by the reverse order fault simulation.
(default: -c 2)
-N Test compaction is not performed.
(default: -c 2)
-r n Random Pattern Testing (RPT) Session is included before
deterministic test pattern generation session.
The RPT session stops if any n consecutive packets of
32 random patterns do not detect any new fault.
If n=0, the RPT session is not included.
(default: -r 16)
-s n Initial seed for the random number generator (random()).
If n=0, the initial seed is the current time.
(default: -s 0)
-t fn Test patterns are put into the file "fn".
(default: *.test for a circuit named *.bench)
-u Atalanta prints out all aborted fauts in a file. The name of this
file is <ckt>.ufaults. In default, all identified redundant faults
are not included in the file, but you can include them using the
option -v. Note that atalanta does not update a fault file if one
already exists in the run directory. This fault list file can
be directly read by atalanta or hope.
(default: no file is created)
-U fn The same as -u, but atalanta writes aborted faults to the given
file name.
(default: no file is created)
-v Atalanta prints out all identified redundant faults as well as
aborted fauts in a file. If -U fn option is not given, Atalanta
prints out the faults in a default file, <ckt>.ufaults.
(default: no file is created)
-Z Atalanta derives one test pattern for each fault. In this option,
no fault simulation is performed during the entire test generation
(including random pattern test generation session, deterministic
test generation session and test compaction session). All unspecified
inputs are left unknown.
-0, -1, -X, -R: During test generation, some inputs can be unspecified.
Atalanta provides various options to set these unspecified inputs
into a certain value. The options are described below.
-0 Unspecified inputs are set to logic 0.
-1 Unspecified inputs are set to logic 1.
-R Unspecified inputs are set to logic 0 or logic 1 randomly.
-X Unspecified inputs are left to unknown (X).
(default: -R)
OUTPUTS: In default mode, one file is created. The summary
of the test pattern generation is reported to the
standard output and the test patterns are stored in
the circuit_name.test file. If -l option
is specified, atalanta creates a log file.
The log file contains more detailed information
on the test pattern generation result.
ON-LINE HELP: Type atalanta to see the available on-line
help command.
EXAMPLES:
atalanta c432.bench
--- generates test patterns for the circuit c432.bench
with default options (i.e., the same as
atalanta -r 16 -R -s 0 -b 10 -B 20 -c 2 -t c432.test
c432.bench).
The generated test patterns are stored in file
c432.test and the summary of the test pattern
is reported to the standard output (CRT terminal).
atalanta -A -f c432.flt c432.bench
--- Diagnostic mode run
reads the fault list from the file c432.flt, and
generates all test patterns for each fault.
atalanta -D 2 c432.bench
--- Diagnostic mode run
Generates n test patterns for each fault.
NETLIST FORMAT:
The input netlist format for atalanta is ISCAS89
netlist format except for the following two cases.
The first line should be # followed by the name of
the circuit. The lines beginning with # excluding
the first line are comment lines and ignored. These
comment lines may be put into any part of the netlist.
It should be noted that the order of gates appearing
in the netlist is not significant.
The name of gates can be a string of alpha-numeric
characters (0-9, A-Z, a-z, _, [, or ]).
ISCAS85 circuits translated in ISCAS89 netlist
format are stored in directory ISCAS85. The name of a
circuit in ISCAS89 netlist format is circuit_name.bench.
Example netlists of the circuit c17 written in
ISCAS89 netlist format is shown below.
EXAMPLE: ISCAS89 NETLIST FORMAT (c17.bench)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
# c17
# 5 inputs
# 2 outputs
# 0 inverters
# 6 gates ( 6 NANDs )
INPUT(1)
INPUT(2)
INPUT(3)
INPUT(6)
INPUT(7)
OUTPUT(22)
OUTPUT(23)
10 = NAND(1, 3)
11 = NAND(3, 6)
16 = NAND(2, 11)
19 = NAND(11, 7)
22 = NAND(10, 16)
23 = NAND(16, 19)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEABLE GATES:
-------------------------------------------------------
syntax gate type
-------------------------------------------------------
INPUT primary input
OUTPUT primary output
AND and gate
NAND nand gate
OR or gate
NOR nor gate
XOR 2-input exclusive-or gate
BUFF or BUF buffer
NOT inverter
-------------------------------------------------------
* Gate types can be also written in lower case.
TEST PATTERN FILE:
The line beginning with * is a comment line and
ignored. Each test pattern begins after a colon (:).
For an n input circuit, only the n bits following :
are significant, and the remaining bits, if any, are
ignored. The j'th bit of a test pattern is the value
of the j'th input of the circuit (in terms of their
appearance in the circuit). For example, c17 has five
inputs named input1, input2, input3, input6 and input7
which appear in the order in the netlist. The first bit
of a test pattern is the value for input1, the second
for input2, ..., and the last for input7.
EXAMPLE: TEST PATTERN FILE FOR C17
___________________________________________________________
* Name of circuit: c17
1: 01010
2: 11110
3: 10101
4: 00111
5: 10010
6: 00101
__________________________________________________________
FAULT LIST FILE:
ATALANTA can read the fault list file supplied
by the user. When the option "-f fn" is specified,
the fault list is read from the file "fn". (In default,
the fault list is created internally.)
An example of the fault list file is shown below:
------ EXAMPLE: A FAULT LIST FILE ----------------------
gate_A->gate_B /1
gate_A->gate_B /0
gate_A /1
gate_B /1
bin[2] -> gate_B /1
--------------------------------------------------------
In the above example, gate_A and gate_B are the name
of gates. The first line, "gate_A->gate_B /1" describes
the stuck-at 1 fault on the gate_B input line, which
is connected to gate_A. Similarly, the second line,
"gate_A->gate_B /0" describes the stuck-at 0 fault on the
gate B input which is connected to gate_A. The third and
fourth lines describe the stuck-at 1 faults on the gate_A
output and the gate_B output, respectively.
******************* Note **********************************
No fault collapsing is performed under the option -f. Hence,
users should provide the collapsed fault list.
***********************************************************