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feat: add language detector middleware and helpers #3787

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lord007tn
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Closes #3785

Description

Add language detector middleware to support future i18n functionality in Hono applications.

Features

  • Detect language from multiple sources:
    • Query parameters
    • Cookies
    • Accept-Language header
    • URL path
  • Type-safe language access via c.get('language')
  • Configurable detection order
  • Support for language caching
  • Comprehensive test coverage

Usage

import { languageDetector } from 'hono/language'

app.use('*', languageDetector({
  supportedLanguages: ['en', 'ar', 'es'],
  fallbackLanguage: 'en'
}))

app.get('/', (c) => {
  const lang = c.get('language')
  return c.text(`Current language: ${lang}`)
})

### The author should do the following, if applicable

- [X] Add tests
- [X] Run tests
- [X] `bun run format:fix && bun run lint:fix` to format the code
- [X] Add [TSDoc](https://tsdoc.org/)/[JSDoc](https://jsdoc.app/about-getting-started) to document the code
…function

@lord007tn
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if this got accepted am willing to add docs in the official website to let people know how to use it

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codecov bot commented Dec 31, 2024

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 85.48387% with 27 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 91.60%. Comparing base (1e62912) to head (bdf1a30).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines Patch % Lines
src/middleware/language/language.ts 85.40% 27 Missing ⚠️
Additional details and impacted files
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3787      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.71%   91.60%   -0.12%     
==========================================
  Files         160      162       +2     
  Lines       10181    10367     +186     
  Branches     2896     2985      +89     
==========================================
+ Hits         9338     9497     +159     
- Misses        842      869      +27     
  Partials        1        1              

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
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@lord007tn
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i forgot to mention the full use of the middleware options are:

app.use(
  '*',
  languageDetector({
    // Detection strategies and their order
    order: ['path', 'querystring', 'cookie', 'header'],

    // Supported languages and fallback
    supportedLanguages: ['en', 'ar'],
    fallbackLanguage: 'en',

    // Query parameter settings
    lookupQuerystring: 'lang', // ?lang=en

    // Path settings
    lookupFromPathIndex: 0, // /en/about -> takes 'en'

    // Cookie settings
    lookupCookie: 'user-language',
    caches: false, // Set to false to disable caching

    // Header settings
    lookupFromHeaderKey: 'accept-language',

    // Language code handling
    ignoreCase: true,
    convertDetectedLanguage: (lang: string) => {
      // Optional: Convert language codes
      // e.g., 'en-US' -> 'en'
      return lang?.split('-')[0]?.toLowerCase() ?? '';
    },

    // Debugging
    debug: process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production',
  }),
);

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@askorupskyy askorupskyy left a comment

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I love it! This entirely solves the lang detection for me. Would also be cool to have a way to disable cookie/query detection altogether, or could this be done with order param?


const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: DetectorOptions = {
order: ['querystring', 'cookie', 'header'],
lookupQuerystring: 'lang',
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Suggested change
lookupQuerystring: 'lang',
lookupQueryString: 'lang',

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I love it! This entirely solves the lang detection for me. Would also be cool to have a way to disable cookie/query detection altogether, or could this be done with order param?

yep just provide the order: ['header'] and it will only detect the header

@yusukebe
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yusukebe commented Jan 8, 2025

Thanks @lord007tn I'll review this later.

Hey @sor4chi What do you think of this feature?

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Thank you for the wonderful PR, I liked it. I have one suggestion, what do you think?

Also, I feel a bit of discomfort with the naming hono/language. Personally, I would prefer something like hono/language-detector, but I’ll leave it to @yusukebe.

* @param header Accept-Language header string
* @returns Array of parsed languages with quality scores
*/
export function parseAcceptLanguage(header: string): Array<{ lang: string; q: number }> {
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I feel that this function overlaps in functionality with parseAccept. As an experiment, when I tried the following:

export function parseAcceptLanguage(header: string): Array<{ lang: string; q: number }> {
  return parseAccept(header)
    .map(({ type, q }) => ({ lang: type, q }))
    .sort((a, b) => b.q - a.q)
}

I was able to pass the tests (though I may have overlooked edge cases). In this case, how about implementing a common parser in the utils and having both helper/accept and middleware/language reference it?

@yusukebe yusukebe changed the title add language detector middleware and helpers feat: add language detector middleware and helpers Jan 9, 2025
@yusukebe yusukebe added the v4.7 label Jan 9, 2025
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Language Detector Middleware for Hono
4 participants