diff --git a/datafusion/physical-expr/Cargo.toml b/datafusion/physical-expr/Cargo.toml
index d8dbe636d90c..067617a697a9 100644
--- a/datafusion/physical-expr/Cargo.toml
+++ b/datafusion/physical-expr/Cargo.toml
@@ -77,3 +77,7 @@ tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["rt-multi-thread"] }
 [[bench]]
 harness = false
 name = "in_list"
+
+[[bench]]
+harness = false
+name = "case_when"
diff --git a/datafusion/physical-expr/benches/case_when.rs b/datafusion/physical-expr/benches/case_when.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9cc7bdc465fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/datafusion/physical-expr/benches/case_when.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use arrow::datatypes::{Field, Schema};
+use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch;
+use arrow_array::builder::{Int32Builder, StringBuilder};
+use arrow_schema::DataType;
+use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
+use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+use datafusion_expr::Operator;
+use datafusion_physical_expr::expressions::{BinaryExpr, CaseExpr};
+use datafusion_physical_expr_common::expressions::column::Column;
+use datafusion_physical_expr_common::expressions::Literal;
+use datafusion_physical_expr_common::physical_expr::PhysicalExpr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+fn make_col(name: &str, index: usize) -> Arc<dyn PhysicalExpr> {
+    Arc::new(Column::new(name, index))
+}
+
+fn make_lit_i32(n: i32) -> Arc<dyn PhysicalExpr> {
+    Arc::new(Literal::new(ScalarValue::Int32(Some(n))))
+}
+
+fn criterion_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    // create input data
+    let mut c1 = Int32Builder::new();
+    let mut c2 = StringBuilder::new();
+    for i in 0..1000 {
+        c1.append_value(i);
+        if i % 7 == 0 {
+            c2.append_null();
+        } else {
+            c2.append_value(&format!("string {i}"));
+        }
+    }
+    let c1 = Arc::new(c1.finish());
+    let c2 = Arc::new(c2.finish());
+    let schema = Schema::new(vec![
+        Field::new("c1", DataType::Int32, true),
+        Field::new("c2", DataType::Utf8, true),
+    ]);
+    let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(Arc::new(schema), vec![c1, c2]).unwrap();
+
+    // use same predicate for all benchmarks
+    let predicate = Arc::new(BinaryExpr::new(
+        make_col("c1", 0),
+        Operator::LtEq,
+        make_lit_i32(500),
+    ));
+
+    // CASE WHEN expr THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
+    c.bench_function("case_when: scalar or scalar", |b| {
+        let expr = Arc::new(
+            CaseExpr::try_new(
+                None,
+                vec![(predicate.clone(), make_lit_i32(1))],
+                Some(make_lit_i32(0)),
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        );
+        b.iter(|| black_box(expr.evaluate(black_box(&batch)).unwrap()))
+    });
+
+    // CASE WHEN expr THEN col ELSE null END
+    c.bench_function("case_when: column or null", |b| {
+        let expr = Arc::new(
+            CaseExpr::try_new(
+                None,
+                vec![(predicate.clone(), make_col("c2", 1))],
+                Some(Arc::new(Literal::new(ScalarValue::Utf8(None)))),
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        );
+        b.iter(|| black_box(expr.evaluate(black_box(&batch)).unwrap()))
+    });
+}
+
+criterion_group!(benches, criterion_benchmark);
+criterion_main!(benches);