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npo-slim.owl
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://purl.enanomapper.net/onto/external/npo-slim.owl#"
xml:base="http://purl.enanomapper.net/onto/external/npo-slim.owl"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:npo="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:pav="http://purl.org/pav/"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:ncicp="http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ComplexProperties.xsd#"
xmlns:oboInOwl="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://purl.enanomapper.net/onto/external/npo-slim.owl">
<dc:creator>Dennis G. Thomas</dc:creator>
<dc:description>NanoParticle Ontology (NPO): An ontology for representing the knowledge underlying the description and characterization of nanoparticles.</dc:description>
<dc:identifier>http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo</dc:identifier>
<pav:importedFrom>https://raw.githubusercontent.com/enanomapper/npo/master/npo-inferred.owl</pav:importedFrom>
<oboInOwl:auto-generated-by>Slimmer</oboInOwl:auto-generated-by>
<oboInOwl:date>2023-07-12 13:42:41</oboInOwl:date>
<rdfs:comment>Inferred version created with Pellet reasoner in Protege editor (v. 4.1)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment>The NPO was primarily developed by Dennis G. Thomas in collaboration with Nathan A. Baker and Rohit V. Pappu. This development was supported by the NIH through grants U54 CA119342 and U54 HG004028.</rdfs:comment>
<owl:versionInfo>2013-05-31 (yyyy-mm-dd)</owl:versionInfo>
<owl:versionInfo>This SLIM file was generated automatically by the eNanoMapper Slimmer software library. For more information see http://github.com/enanomapper/slimmer.</owl:versionInfo>
</owl:Ontology>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Annotation properties
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#DesignNote -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#DesignNote">
<rdfs:comment>Used to support Merge and Retire</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>DesignNote</rdfs:label>
</owl:AnnotationProperty>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#Editor_Note -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#Editor_Note">
<rdfs:comment>Used to support Merge and Retire</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>Editor_Note</rdfs:label>
</owl:AnnotationProperty>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#FULL_SYN -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#FULL_SYN"/>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#code -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#code"/>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#dBXrefID -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#dBXrefID"/>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#definition -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#definition"/>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#preferred_Name -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#preferred_Name"/>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#symbol -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#symbol"/>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#synonym -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#synonym"/>
<!-- http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator"/>
<!-- http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description"/>
<!-- http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier"/>
<!-- http://purl.org/pav/importedFrom -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://purl.org/pav/importedFrom"/>
<!-- http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#auto-generated-by -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#auto-generated-by"/>
<!-- http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#date -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#date"/>
<!-- http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment"/>
<!-- http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label"/>
<!-- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo -->
<owl:AnnotationProperty rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo"/>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Datatypes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#PlainLiteral -->
<rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#PlainLiteral"/>
<!-- http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral -->
<rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral"/>
<!-- http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int -->
<rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int"/>
<!-- http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string -->
<rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
<!--
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Classes
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-->
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_100 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_100">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_274"/>
<npo:code>NPO_100</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C63806</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>cylindrical shape</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>cylindrical</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>cylindrical shape</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1018 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1018">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_199"/>
<npo:Editor_Note>This term had the preferred name "nanostructure" in version 2010-10-31.</npo:Editor_Note>
<npo:code>NPO_1018</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>nano-object</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>nano-object</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_102 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_102">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_320"/>
<npo:code>NPO_102</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>prolate spheroidal shape</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>prolate spheroidal shape</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_104 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_104">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_707"/>
<npo:code>NPO_104</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>methotrexate-loaded nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>methotrexate-loaded nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_109 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_109">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1552"/>
<npo:code>NPO_109</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>lipid-coated nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>lipid-coated nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_112 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_112">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_126"/>
<npo:code>NPO_112</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>multi-walled nanotube</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>multi-walled nanotube</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_115 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_115">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1909"/>
<npo:code>NPO_115</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>nanodevice</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>nanodevice</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1155 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1155">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1680"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1155</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>polydispersity index</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>PDI</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>polydispersity index</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1193 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1193">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000033"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1193</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>cell concentration</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>cell concentration</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1204 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1204">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000442"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1204</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>isoelectric point</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>isoelectric point</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_122 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_122">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_284"/>
<npo:code>NPO_122</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT: C62373</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>nanorod</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:comment>[NCI_Thesaurus definition]: Nanoscale structures that are shaped like long dowels. The structures have a diameter that is measured in the nanoscale with an extended length parameter.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>nanorod</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1235 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1235">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1364"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1235</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>surface area</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>surface area</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_126 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_126">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_284"/>
<npo:code>NPO_126</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT: C73455</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>nanotube</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>nanotube</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1302 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1302">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001464"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1302</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C62354</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>zeta potential</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>zeta potential</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1315 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1315">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1418"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1315</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>electrophoretic mobility</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>electrophoretic mobility</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1338 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1338">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.enanomapper.org/onto/ENM_0000018"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1338</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C27990</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>toxicity</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>toxicity</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1339 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1339">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1338"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1339</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C63814</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>immunotoxicity</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>immunotoxicity</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1340 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1340">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1338"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1340</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C27988</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>cytotoxicity</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>cytotoxicity</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1341 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1341">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1338"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1341</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C27955</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>drug toxicity</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>drug toxicity</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1351 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1351">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1682"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1351</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>PATO:0001521</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>amplitude of sound wave</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>amplitude of sound</npo:synonym>
<npo:synonym>sound amplitude</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>amplitude of sound wave</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1364 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1364">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000016"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1364</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>surface property</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>surface property</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1365 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1365">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000186"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1365</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>aspect ratio</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>aspect ratio</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1367 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1367">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1597"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1367</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>coat</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>coating</npo:synonym>
<npo:synonym>surface coating</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>coat</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1370 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1370">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_707"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1370</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>magnetic nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>magnetic nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1373 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1373">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_707"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1373</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>silica nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>silicon dioxide nanoparticle</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>silica nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1374 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1374">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1537"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_729"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1374</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>SPIO nanoparticle</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1375 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1375">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_707"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1375</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>polymeric nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>polymer nanoparticle</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>polymeric nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1377 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1377">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_707"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1377</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>fluorescent nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>fluorescent nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1378 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1378">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_707"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1378</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>hydrogel nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>hydrogel nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_138 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_138">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_195"/>
<npo:code>NPO_138</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>encapsulation</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>encapsulation</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1384 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1384">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_707"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1384</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>metal nanoparticle</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>metallic nanoparticle</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>metal nanoparticle</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1404 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1404">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1487"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1404</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>nanoparticle sample</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>nanoparticle sample</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1405 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1405">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070"/>
<npo:DesignNote>[DGT, June 10, 2010]: Description for a specific type of technique could contain the following types of information: 1) principle used in the technique (e.g. NMR for NMR spectroscopy), 2) description of the principle if the term that describes the principle is not represented in the ontology, 3) tool used in a technique (e.g., scanning electron microscope in scanning electron miroscopy), 4) applications of the technique, and 5) information on how to use the technique for each type of application.</npo:DesignNote>
<npo:code>NPO_1405</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>technique</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>technique</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1407 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1407">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1407</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>experiment</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>experiment</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1414 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1414">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1853"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1414</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>emulsifier</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>emulsifying agent</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>emulsifier</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1415 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1415">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1405"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1415</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>microscopy technique</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1416 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1416">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1405"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1416</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>separation technique</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>separation method</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>separation technique</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1417 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1417">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1416"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1417</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>centrifugation</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>centrifugation</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1418 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1418">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1416"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1418</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>electrophoresis</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>electrophoresis</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1419 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1419">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1418"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1419</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C18091</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>gel electrophoresis</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>gel electrophoresis</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1420 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1420">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1419"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1420</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C16537</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>agarose gel electrophoresis</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>agarose gel electrophoresis</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1421 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1421">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1419"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1421</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C16539</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1427 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1427">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1421"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1427</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>SDS-PAGE</npo:synonym>
<npo:synonym>sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1428 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1428">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1415"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1428</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>electron microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>electron microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1429 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1429">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1428"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1429</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>scanning electron microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>SEM technique</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>scanning electron microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1430 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1430">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1428"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1430</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>transmission electron microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>TEM technique</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:comment>A light source at the top of the TEM emits the electrons that travel through vacuum in the column of the microscope. Instead of glass lenses focusing the light in the light microscope, the TEM uses electromagnetic lenses to focus the electrons into a very thin beam. The electron beam then travels through the specimen you want to study. Depending on the density of the material present, some of the electrons are scattered and disappear from the beam. At the bottom of the microscope the unscattered electrons hit a fluorescent screen, which gives rise to a shadow image of the specimen with its different parts displayed in varied darkness according to their density. The image can be studied directly by the operator or photographed with a camera. [source: http://Nobelprize.org]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>transmission electron microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1431 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1431">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1415"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1431</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>optical microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>light microscopy</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>optical microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1432 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1432">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1431"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1432</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>fluorescence microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>fluorescence microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1433 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1433">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1415"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1433</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C20346</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>scanning probe microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>scanning probe microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1434 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1434">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1433"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1434</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>atomic force microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>scanning force microscopy</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>atomic force microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1435 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1435">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1433"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1435</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>scanning tunneling microscopy</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>scanning tunneling microscopy</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1436 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1436">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1436</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>instrument</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>equipment</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>instrument</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1437 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1437">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1436"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1437</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C20677</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>microscope</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:label>microscope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1438 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1438">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1437"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1438</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C28219</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>electron microscope</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:comment>Electron Microscopes(EMs) function exactly as their optical counterparts except that they use a focused beam of electrons instead of light to "image" the specimen and gain information as to its structure and composition. The basic steps involved in all EMs: 1. A stream of electrons is formed (by the Electron Source) and accelerated toward the specimen using a positive electrical potential 2. This stream is confined and focused using metal apertures and magnetic lenses into a thin, focused, monochromatic beam. 3. This beam is focused onto the sample using a magnetic lens 4. Interactions occur inside the irradiated sample, affecting the electron beam These interactions and effects are detected and transformed into an image The above steps are carried out in all EMs regardless of type. [source: http://unl.edu/CMRAcfem/em.htm]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>electron microscope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1439 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1439">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1437"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1439</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C28265</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>optical microscope</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>light microscope</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>optical microscope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1440 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1440">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1438"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1440</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C78814</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>scanning electron microscope</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>SEM</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>scanning electron microscope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1441 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1441">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1438"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1441</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT: C78813</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>transmission electron microscope</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>TEM</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:comment>TEMs use electrons as light source and their much lower wavelength makes it possible to get a resolution a thousand times better than with a light microscope.[source: http://Nobelprize.org]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>transmission electron microscope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1442 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1442">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1437"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1442</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C78803</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>scanning probe microsope</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>SPM</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:label>scanning probe microsope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1443 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1443">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1439"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1443</npo:code>
<npo:preferred_Name>fluorescence microscope</npo:preferred_Name>
<rdfs:comment>[definition: adapted from http://nobelprize.org; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_microscope ]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>fluorescence microscope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<!-- http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1445 -->
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1445">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1442"/>
<npo:code>NPO_1445</npo:code>
<npo:dBXrefID>NCIT:C78804</npo:dBXrefID>
<npo:preferred_Name>atomic force microscope</npo:preferred_Name>
<npo:synonym>AFM</npo:synonym>
<npo:synonym>SFM</npo:synonym>
<npo:synonym>scanning force microscope</npo:synonym>
<rdfs:comment>[definition: adapted from NCIT, http://www.thefreedictionary.com, http://en.wikipedia.org]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label>atomic force microscope</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>