diff --git a/.github/workflows/static.yml b/.github/workflows/static.yml
index 135bab5..cb5e2d0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/static.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/static.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup PHP
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
-          php-version: '8.2'
+          php-version: '7.4'
           tools: composer:v2
           coverage: none
         env:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup PHP
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
-          php-version: '8.2'
+          php-version: '7.4'
           tools: composer:v2
           coverage: none
         env:
diff --git a/src/Utilities/TimeFormatter.php b/src/Utilities/TimeFormatter.php
index 5884226..6d6bbe4 100644
--- a/src/Utilities/TimeFormatter.php
+++ b/src/Utilities/TimeFormatter.php
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ final class TimeFormatter
     private const TIME_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d\TH:i:s\Z';
     private const TIME_ZONE = 'UTC';
 
+    private const RFC3339_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d\TH:i:sP';
+    private const RFC3339_EXTENDED_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d\TH:i:s.uP';
+
     public static function encode(?DateTimeImmutable $time): ?string
     {
         if ($time === null) {
@@ -31,45 +34,32 @@ public static function decode(?string $time): ?DateTimeImmutable
             return null;
         }
 
-        $time = self::trimMicroseconds($time);
+        $time = \strtoupper($time);
+
+        /** @psalm-suppress UndefinedFunction */
+        $decoded = \str_contains($time, '.')
+            ? DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat(self::RFC3339_EXTENDED_FORMAT, self::truncateOverPrecision($time), new DateTimeZone(self::TIME_ZONE))
+            : DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat(self::RFC3339_FORMAT, $time, new DateTimeZone(self::TIME_ZONE));
 
-        try {
-            $decoded = new DateTimeImmutable($time);
-        } catch (\Throwable $th) {
+        if ($decoded === false) {
             throw new ValueError(
                 \sprintf('%s(): Argument #1 ($time) is not a valid RFC3339 timestamp', __METHOD__)
             );
         }
 
-        return self::shiftWithTimezone($time, $decoded);
+        return $decoded;
     }
 
-    private static function trimMicroseconds(string $time): string
+    private static function truncateOverPrecision(string $time): string
     {
-        $microseconds = explode('.', $time, 2);
-        if (isset($microseconds[1])) {
-            $microsecondsAndTimezone = explode('+', $microseconds[1], 2);
-            if (count($microsecondsAndTimezone) === 1) {
-                $microsecondsAndTimezone = explode('-', $microseconds[1], 2);
-            }
-            $timezone = isset($microsecondsAndTimezone[1]) ? sprintf('+%s', $microsecondsAndTimezone[1]) : '';
-            $time = sprintf(
-                "%s.%s%s",
-                $microseconds[0],
-                substr($microsecondsAndTimezone[0], 0, 6),
-                $timezone
-            );
-        }
+        [$fst, $snd] = explode('.', $time);
 
-        return $time;
-    }
+        // match the first n digits at the start
+        \preg_match('/^\d+/', $snd, $matches);
 
-    private static function shiftWithTimezone(string $time, DateTimeImmutable $datetime): DateTimeImmutable
-    {
-        if (\strpos($time, '+') === false && \strpos($time, '-') === false && \strtoupper(\substr($time, -1)) !== 'Z') {
-            return $datetime->setTimezone(new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
-        }
+        $digits = $matches[0] ?? '';
 
-        return $datetime;
+        // datetime portion + period + up to 6 digits + timezone string
+        return $fst . '.' . substr($digits, 0, 6) . substr($snd, strlen($digits));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Utilities/TimeFormatterTest.php b/tests/Unit/Utilities/TimeFormatterTest.php
index 4152fd3..06d8d44 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Utilities/TimeFormatterTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Utilities/TimeFormatterTest.php
@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@ public function testEncode(): void
         );
     }
 
-    public static function providesDecodeCases(): array
+    public static function providesValidDecodeCases(): array
     {
         return [
             // UTC
+            ['2018-04-05T17:31:00Z', '2018-04-05t17:31:00Z'],
             ['2018-04-05T17:31:00Z', '2018-04-05T17:31:00Z'],
             ['1985-04-12T23:20:50.100000Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.1Z'],
             ['1985-04-12T23:20:50.100000Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.10Z'],
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ public static function providesDecodeCases(): array
             ['1985-04-12T23:20:50.123456Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.123456789Z'],
 
             // +01:00
+            ['2018-04-05T16:31:00Z', '2018-04-05t17:31:00+01:00'],
             ['2018-04-05T16:31:00Z', '2018-04-05T17:31:00+01:00'],
             ['1985-04-12T22:20:50.100000Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.1+01:00'],
             ['1985-04-12T22:20:50.100000Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.10+01:00'],
@@ -57,12 +59,17 @@ public static function providesDecodeCases(): array
             ['1985-04-12T22:20:50.123456Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.1234567+01:00'],
             ['1985-04-12T22:20:50.123456Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.12345678+01:00'],
             ['1985-04-12T22:20:50.123456Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.123456789+01:00'],
-            ['1985-04-12T22:20:50.123456Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.1234567890+01:00'],
+
+            // -05:00
+            ['2018-04-05T22:31:00Z', '2018-04-05t17:31:00-05:00'],
+            ['2018-04-05T22:31:00Z', '2018-04-05T17:31:00-05:00'],
+            ['1985-04-13T04:20:50.123456Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.123456-05:00'],
+            ['1985-04-13T04:20:50.123456Z', '1985-04-12T23:20:50.123456789-05:00'],
         ];
     }
 
     /**
-     * @dataProvider providesDecodeCases
+     * @dataProvider providesValidDecodeCases
      */
     public function testDecode(string $expected, string $input): void
     {
@@ -88,7 +95,23 @@ public function testDecodeEmpty(): void
         );
     }
 
-    public function testDecodeInvalidTime(): void
+    public static function providesInvalidDecodeCases(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            [''],
+            ['123'],
+            ['2018asdsdsafd'],
+            ['2018-04-05'],
+            ['2018-04-05 17:31:00Z'],
+            ['2018-04-05T17:31:00.Z'],
+            ['2018-04-05T17:31:00ZZ'],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider providesInvalidDecodeCases
+     */
+    public function testDecodeInvalidTime(string $input): void
     {
         $this->expectException(ValueError::class);
 
@@ -96,6 +119,6 @@ public function testDecodeInvalidTime(): void
             'CloudEvents\\Utilities\\TimeFormatter::decode(): Argument #1 ($time) is not a valid RFC3339 timestamp'
         );
 
-        TimeFormatter::decode('2018asdsdsafd');
+        TimeFormatter::decode($input);
     }
 }