From 23f3650d041b04fe9d5c3bbfa317a64dec5a95af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Wed, 21 Jul 2021 14:22:32 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 01/13] #15 update example CSV file --- ...heckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log | 4 + output_dev.csv | 79 +++++++------------ output_got.csv | 79 +++++++------------ 3 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-) diff --git a/SnopesFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log b/SnopesFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log index e69de29..d7197ee 100644 --- a/SnopesFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +++ b/SnopesFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/05/27/what-is-critical-race-theory/ +https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/06/12/george-floyd-criminal-record/ +https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/05/27/what-is-critical-race-theory/ +https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/06/12/george-floyd-criminal-record/ diff --git a/output_dev.csv b/output_dev.csv index 95f6e8d..23c545d 100644 --- a/output_dev.csv +++ b/output_dev.csv @@ -1,50 +1,31 @@ ;rating_ratingValue;rating_worstRating;rating_bestRating;rating_alternateName;creativeWork_author_name;creativeWork_datePublished;creativeWork_author_sameAs;claimReview_author_name;claimReview_author_url;claimReview_url;claimReview_claimReviewed;claimReview_datePublished;claimReview_source;claimReview_author;extra_body;extra_refered_links;extra_title;extra_tags;extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed;extra_entities_body;extra_entities_keywords;extra_entities_author;related_links -0;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-26;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%ae%d8%b7-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9/;"""هذا المقطع المتداول يعود تاريخه لعام ٢٠٢٠ وهو لحريق خط مواد بترولية على طريق الإسماعيلية في مصر""";2021-05-26;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع المتداول يعود تاريخه لعام ٢٠٢٠ وهو لحريق خط مواد بترولية على طريق الإسماعيلية في مصر""";;;;;; -1;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-25;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%b7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%85/;"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود لعام 2020 لجنازة في قرية بطحة محافظة قنا المصرية والصوت فيه مفبرك""";2021-05-25;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود لعام 2020 لجنازة في قرية بطحة محافظة قنا المصرية والصوت فيه مفبرك""";;;;;; -2;FALSE;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-24;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b5%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d9%88/;"""هذا المقطع المتداول يُصور احتفالية في صعيد مصر والصوت الموجود فيه تم تركيبه""";2021-05-24;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع المتداول يُصور احتفالية في صعيد مصر والصوت الموجود فيه تم تركيبه""";;;;;; -3;FALSE;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-24;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85/;"""لم يتم حذف رمز العلم الفلسطيني من قائمة لوحة مفاتيح أجهزة الأندويد""";2021-05-24;fatabyyano;;;;"""لم يتم حذف رمز العلم الفلسطيني من قائمة لوحة مفاتيح أجهزة الأندويد""";;;;;; 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-34;FALSE;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-11;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5/;"""هذا الفيديو قديم والأشخاص فيه لا يحطمون الأصنام لأنها لم تساعدهم في الشفاء من فيروس كورونا""";2021-05-11;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا الفيديو قديم والأشخاص فيه لا يحطمون الأصنام لأنها لم تساعدهم في الشفاء من فيروس كورونا""";;;;;; -35;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-11;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b0-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6/;"""يعود هذا المقطع إلى عملية إنقاذ عبر طائرة مروحية في أمريكا وليس في مصر""";2021-05-11;fatabyyano;;;;"""يعود هذا المقطع إلى عملية إنقاذ عبر طائرة مروحية في أمريكا وليس في مصر""";;;;;; -36;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-10;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b8%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b7-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ae-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2013-%d9%88%d9%84/;"""هذا المقطع يظهر سقوط صاروخ روسي عام 2013 ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""";2021-05-10;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع يظهر سقوط صاروخ روسي عام 2013 ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""";;;;;; 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-40;FALSE;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-09;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%b5%d9%8f%d9%88%d9%91%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2015-%d8%8c-%d9%88%d9%84/;"""هذا المقطع قديم صُوّر في اليمن عام 2015 ، ولا علاقة له بالمغرب أو سقوط الصاروخ الصيني الشارد""";2021-05-09;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع قديم صُوّر في اليمن عام 2015 ، ولا علاقة له بالمغرب أو سقوط الصاروخ الصيني الشارد""";;;;;; -41;FALSE;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-08;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2019-%d8%8c-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%84/;"""هذا المقطع قديم يعود لعام 2019 ، ولا علاقة له بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني الخارج عن السيطرة""";2021-05-08;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع قديم يعود لعام 2019 ، ولا علاقة له بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني الخارج عن السيطرة""";;;;;; -42;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-08;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%91%d8%b1-%d8%b8%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%83-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7/;"""هذا الفيديو قديم يصوّر ظهور نيزك في سماء العراق ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""";2021-05-08;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا الفيديو قديم يصوّر ظهور نيزك في سماء العراق ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""";;;;;; -43;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-08;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a3-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%af-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88/;"""هذا المقطع مجتزأ من عدة مشاهد وليس لسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""";2021-05-08;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع مجتزأ من عدة مشاهد وليس لسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""";;;;;; -44;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-07;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84/;"""هذه الصور تعود لحريق في الهند وليس له علاقة بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""";2021-05-07;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذه الصور تعود لحريق في الهند وليس له علاقة بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""";;;;;; -45;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-07;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%82%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af/;"""هذه الصور قديمة وتعود لأحداث مختلفة ليس لها علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""";2021-05-07;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذه الصور قديمة وتعود لأحداث مختلفة ليس لها علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""";;;;;; -46;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-06;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%81%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%b3/;"""هذا المقطع يعود لانفجار مركبة “SpaceX” الأمريكية وليس له علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""";2021-05-06;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذا المقطع يعود لانفجار مركبة “SpaceX” الأمريكية وليس له علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""";;;;;; -47;OTHER;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-06;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-1944-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82/;"""هذه الصورة تعود إلى روسيا عام 1944 ولا علاقة لها بمصر""";2021-05-06;fatabyyano;;;;"""هذه الصورة تعود إلى روسيا عام 1944 ولا علاقة لها بمصر""";;;;;; -48;FALSE;;;;fatabyyano;2021-05-05;;fatabyyano;;https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%85-8%d8%af%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b0/;"""مدينة أوشوايا لا تصوم 8 دقائق بل الصيام فيها يتجاوز الـ10 ساعات""";2021-05-05;fatabyyano;;;;"""مدينة أوشوايا لا تصوم 8 دقائق بل الصيام فيها يتجاوز الـ10 ساعات""";;;;;; +0;;;;What's False;Bethania Palma;2021-06-01;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/amazon-sidewalk-share-wifi/;Amazon Sidewalk will automatically share Wi-Fi with neighbors without permission.;2021-06-01;snopes;;In late May 2021, Snopes readers emailed with questions about news reports that Amazon Sidewalk, a Wi-Fi-operated device network-sharing system being launched by online shopping mammoth Amazon, would automatically share Wi-Fi with neighbors without customers’ permission. “Trying to confirm validity of Amazon Sidewalk which could share some internet bandwidth with neighbors without permission,” one reader wrote, for example. “Is Amazon Sidewalk going to automatically share bandwidth with neighboring devices without permission?” a second reader wrote. The truth is a bit nuanced. Yes, Amazon did opt in devices that are eligible for Amazon Sidewalk, but customers can likewise choose to opt out. And if you are on Amazon Sidewalk, that doesn’t mean your Wi-Fi is shared with all of your neighbors. A small portion of Wi-Fi bandwidth will be shared only with other Amazon Sidewalk customers. We will explain more in detail below. Technology site CNET described Amazon Sidewalk as “a long-range wireless network capable of keeping things connected even when they’re outside the typical range of home Wi-Fi.” According to Amazon: Sidewalk is intended to beef up Amazon’s network of Wi-Fi-operated devices so that they will work even outside the range of the device owner’s home Wi-Fi. Per CNET: It’s true that when Amazon Sidewalk goes live on June 8, 2021, customers that own eligible Sidewalk Bridge devices will be automatically opted in, initially. But they also have the option of opting out at any time. According to Amazon, Sidewalk Bridge devices provide connections to Amazon Sidewalk network, and these devices are: Amazon spokesman Jeremy Bartram told Snopes in an email that the company began notifying Amazon customers with eligible devices, so they could evaluate whether they wanted to change their preferences before Amazon Sidewalk goes online. Yes, but not all neighbors and only a small portion of your Wi-Fi bandwidth. According to Amazon, Sidewalk will enable Wi-Fi sharing only between customers who own Sidewalk-connected Amazon devices. It will also share a fraction of a customer’s Wi-Fi. Bartram told us that, “when you share your Bridge’s connection with Sidewalk, total monthly data used by Sidewalk, per account, is capped at 500MB, which is equivalent to streaming about 10 minutes of high definition video.” Bartram said Amazon took multiple security measures including three layers of encryption on data and measures to prevent customers from viewing other customers’ data. More details on security measures can be viewed here.;https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/amazon-sidewalk-launches-june-8-with-support-for-tile-trackers/,https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Sidewalk/b?ie=UTF8&node=21328123011#:~:text=The%20benefits%20of%20Amazon%20Sidewalk,to%20you%20and%20your%20neighbors.,https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Sidewalk/b?ie=UTF8&node=21328123011,https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sidewalk/privacy_security_whitepaper.pdf;Is Amazon Sidewalk Going To Share Wi-Fi with Neighbors Without Permission?;;;;;; +1;;;;Context;Dan MacGuill;2021-06-01;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kamala-harris-long-weekend/;"In 2021, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris tweeted ""Enjoy the long weekend"" before Memorial Day.";2021-06-01;snopes;;In May and June 2021, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris received criticism, primarily from right-leaning opponents, for a tweet she purportedly posted on May 29, 2021, the Saturday before that year’s Memorial Day on Monday, May 31.  The New York Post, for example, reported that: For its part, Fox News reported that: On Facebook, right-wing commentators responded with outrage. Benny Johnson posted a video in which he said Harris was, in her tweet, “spitting on the graves of our fallen,” while Mark Kaye said: Facebook users, primarily critical of Harris’ tweet, enthusiastically shared screenshots of it over the course of the weekend, as shown below: Those criticisms referred to an authentic tweet. On May 29, Harris did indeed tweet “Enjoy the long weekend” from the @VP account, along with a photograph of herself smiling. As such, we are issuing a rating of “Correct Attribution.” However, this was far from the extent of her pronouncements on Memorial Day weekend in 2021. At 7 a.m. EST on May 30, Harris wrote on Twitter: And on Memorial Day itself at 5:18 p.m. EST, Harris posted what appeared to be a photograph of Arlington National Cemetery, along with the following message: Between Harris’s May 30 tweet about the “service and sacrifice” of members of the U.S. armed forces and June 1, Johnson published no fewer than eight Facebook posts and videos castigating her “Enjoy the long weekend” tweet. None of them mentioned, even in passing, that the vice president had since said much more about Memorial Day. Similarly, Kaye’s video, in which he criticized Harris for failing to mention Memorial Day, fallen service members, freedom, and so on, was posted on June 1 — after Harris had mentioned all those things in two subsequent tweets. As of June 1, neither the New York Post nor Fox News had updated their articles to include the fact that Harris posted in detail about the sacrifices of U.S. service members, and the ethos of Memorial Day, on May 30 and 31.;https://archive.is/E0JpP,https://archive.is/WwcoH,https://archive.is/Vtxn0,https://www.facebook.com/search/photos/?q=%22enjoy%20the%20long%20weekend%22%20kamala&sde=Abp4I_vF6erxJKN83L2asL-ZNs4QNrvL1CQupF82sSs31dRjA9153NWEu3AJQGvTdKIidZfberS6E637bLzrR-DRYbZI4CYCfLJuiPEOafkSGhtxcfIMKHh8VpY7tu76eD3oPKXBeqDcDXKxx9q8_MM7,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-15.32.38.png,https://archive.is/2hMcx,https://archive.is/87qWj,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-16.34.07.png,https://archive.is/74LVC,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-16.46.14.png;Did Kamala Harris Tweet ‘Enjoy the Long Weekend’ Before Memorial Day?;Kamala Harris, memorial day;;;;; +2;;;;Scam;Jordan Liles;2021-06-01;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rayban-anniversary-sale/;Ray-Ban sunglasses are 90% off for 24 hours only in honor of the company's anniversary.;2021-06-01;snopes;;In late May 2021, postings on social media promoted a purported 84th-anniversary sale for Ray-Ban sunglasses. The offer of 90% off supposedly only lasted for 24 hours. Ray-Ban sunglasses cost hundreds of dollars, so such a sale would mean huge savings for consumers. This was not a legitimate offer from Ray-Ban. It is a dangerous scam. It’s been going around for several years, including on Tumblr. Tweets that promoted the scam read: “Friends, the surprise is coming. Are you interested?” They appeared to involve phishing attempts that pulled follower names from a user’s follower list. This caused the scam to virally spread. The scammers appeared to gain access to social media accounts after users visited the dangerous website that appeared in this image: We strongly advise against visiting the website. Providing information to scammers could lead to identity theft and other harmful outcomes. While the image did say that the scam website was Ray-Ban’s “official website,” this was false. The 5-letter website that appeared in the social media postings began with “rb,” as in “rb—.com.” We have removed the last three letters from the website address so as to not encourage readers to visit the fake website. This was not an official Ray-Ban website. The official Ray-Ban website is ray-ban.com. The company is owned by Luxottica. As of June 1, 2021, the official Ray-Ban Twitter account had not tweeted about the resurgence of the anniversary sale scam. However, a search for past tweets showed other 5-letter scam websites that also began with “rb—.com,” except with other combinations of three letters following “rb.” Scammers have often used the ploy that major companies (like Ray-Ban) are having anniversary sales in order to trick consumers into falling into the trap. We’ve reported on a seemingly endless number of these scams in the past. For example, Aldi, Tim Hortons, Taco Bell, and Walmart have all been used in anniversary sale scams, to name a few. We’ve even seen vacation scams on Facebook for getaways to Bora Bora and Las Vegas that may have tricked people into sharing the fake giveaways. In sum, Ray-Ban nor Luxottica is not offering 90% off sunglasses for 24 hours for its 84th anniversary, or any anniversary.;https://archive.ph/tugTR,https://twitter.com/kindlestuck/status/1399529940748443650,https://www.ray-ban.com/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/does-luxottica-own-80-of-the-eyeglass-industry/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDdq2rIqAlM,https://twitter.com/ray_ban/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/company-anniversary-free-product-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/aldi-facebook-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tim-hortons-facebook-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/taco-bell-facebook-anniversary/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/walmart-anniversary-coupon-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bora-bora-getaway-facebook/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/las-vegas-travel-facebook-vacation/;Are Ray-Ban Sunglasses 90% Off for an Anniversary Sale?;;;;;; +3;;;;Context;Dan MacGuill;2021-06-01;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mike-flynn-military-coup-myanmar/;In May 2021, Michael Flynn expressed support, at least in principle, for a military coup in the United States.;2021-06-01;snopes;;In May and June 2021, reports emerged online that Mike Flynn, former Army general, former national security advisor, an ally of former U.S. President Donald Trump, and a prominent supporter of discredited conspiracy theories, had expressed support for the idea of a military coup in the United States.  On May 30, for example, the left-leaning website Mediaite reported that: Similar articles were published by The Hill, Dallas Morning News, and Marketwatch. Those reports contained accurate descriptions of what Flynn said at a conference in Dallas, Texas, over the weekend of May 28-30, 2021. However, Flynn quickly backtracked on his remarks, writing online, “There is NO reason whatsoever for any coup in America.” As a result, we are issuing a rating of “Mixture.” The remarks in question came during a panel discussion at the “For God & Country Patriot Roundup” in Dallas, Texas, which took place between May 28 and 31, 2021. Video footage of Flynn’s comments first emerged online on May 30, which suggests that was the date on which he made them, though we have not yet been able to verify that definitively. Two separate video clips posted to Twitter show the following exchange between an unnamed audience member, and Flynn: In February, military leaders in the southeast Asian nation of Myanmar (also known as Burma), carried out a coup. It was to this that the audience member referred when he asked why “what happened in Minamar [Myanmar] can’t happen” in the United States. Flynn’s response — “No reason. I mean, it should happen” — clearly meant he was expressing support, at least in principle, for a military coup in the United States. News reports that characterized his remarks in that way were therefore accurate. However, on May 31 Flynn appeared to backtrack on those comments. On the social media platform Telegram, he wrote: Sidney Powell, an attorney who represents Flynn, confirmed for Snopes that @RealGenFlynn is an authentic Telegram account and that the May 31 message was composed by Flynn himself. In writing, “There is no reason it (a coup) should happen here (in America),” Flynn was not “repeating” his response at the conference. In reality, he said the opposite at the conference. But it remains the case that, shortly afterwards, he clearly articulated opposition to the idea of a military coup in the United States. As a result of this backtrack, we are issuing a rating of “Mixture.”;https://archive.is/F2j28,https://archive.is/UeBE2,https://archive.is/vBHWc,https://archive.is/9lUeW,https://archive.is/6GRN7,https://archive.is/KeCBI,https://archive.is/21Go3,https://archive.is/e2bDu,https://archive.is/pLwOM,https://archive.is/E6IUP,https://archive.is/kLCGy,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-09.42.55.png;Did Mike Flynn Say Myanmar-Style Military Coup ‘Should Happen’ in US?;;;;;; +4;;;;False;Bethania Palma;2021-06-01;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/popeyes-drive-through-sign/;A Popeyes restaurant in Lake Saint Louis, Missouri, hung a sign telling its customers it was under new management that would reserve the right to refuse service to white people.;2021-06-01;snopes;;A sign stating that a Popeyes fast food restaurant franchise in Lake St. Louis, Missouri was under new management and would reserve the right to refuse to serve white people sparked controversy on social media in late May 2021. A Facebook post containing a photograph of the sign caused many viewers to believe it was a real policy. But Lake St. Louis police stated that the sign wasn’t posted by anyone associated with the restaurant. They are looking for the people responsible in a trespassing and potential vandalism investigation. Police stated that earlier in the month, several drive-through menu signs were also spray painted. A photograph of the sign was posted to Facebook on May 27, 2021, where it was widely seen, sparking angry replies: Surveillance video from the restaurant, posted by Lake St. Louis police, showed what appeared to be two men drive up to the drive-through in a black car. One man appeared to get out from the passenger side. Although what he did can’t be seen in the video, police stated they believe the men are the ones who posted the sign. “I can confirm that they are not affiliated with the business (employee, former employee or any other affiliation),” Lake St. Louis Police Chief Chris DiGiuseppi said in an email to Snopes. “The sign was placed, pictures were taken then someone removed the sign. We are unsure how long it was up and the sign was not recovered (by us or Popeyes).” The motive is currently unknown, so police are asking anyone with information to call in tips at 636-625-8018.;https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4046676912093198&set=a.637719816322275&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/lslpd/photos/a.1417744138534742/2718880958421047,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4046676912093198&set=a.637719816322275&type=3,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-1.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/lslpd/videos/516303056215368;Did Popeyes Hang a Sign Saying They Will Refuse To Serve White People?;;;;;; +5;;;;Context;Dan Evon;2021-06-01;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-pride-month/;Former U.S. President Donald Trump officially recognized Pride Month during his presidency.;2021-06-01;snopes;;On June 1, 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden issued a presidential proclamation in recognition of the LGBTQ community for Pride Month. When outlets such as The Independent reported this news, they noted that Biden’s predecessor, Donald Trump, issued no such proclamations during his tenure in office: It’s true that Trump never issued a presidential proclamation in recognition of Pride Month. We searched the National Archives database of proclamations, as well as the Trump White House archives, and found no proclamations issued in honor of Pride Month. In June 2020, NBC News reported that Trump had issued proclamations designating June as “National Homeownership Month, Great Outdoors Month, and Caribbean-American Heritage Month,” but never as Pride Month.  While Trump never issued an official proclamation for Pride Month, he was the first sitting Republican president to publicly recognize Pride Month, albeit in a less official manner. In May 2019, Trump posted a series of tweets to “celebrate LGBT Pride Month and recognize the outstanding contributions LGBT people have made to our great Nation.”  These tweets are no longer available online, as Trump was kicked off of the social media platform in early 2021 amid fears that he would incite further violence after the attack on the U.S. Capitol. An archived version of the tweets is available and the text is reproduced below: This message was also released as a statement from the White House. Although Trump was the first Republican president to recognize Pride Month in this tweet, contemporaneous news articles noted that this message was posted even as Trump’s administration worked to rescind federal protections from transgender individuals: Former U.S. President Bill Clinton was the first president to issue a proclamation for Pride Month. On June 11, 1999, Clinton issued “Proclamation 7203: Gay and Lesbian Pride Month,” which read: Clinton’s successor, George W. Bush, did not officially recognize Pride Month during his tenure in office. Annual presidential proclamations for Pride Month resumed in 2009 with the election of President Barack Obama.;https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/biden-trump-pride-month-b1857542.html,https://www.federalregister.gov/presidential-documents/proclamations,https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/president-trump-misses-pride-month-third-time-n1222441,https://www.snopes.com/tag/jan-6-capitol-protests/,https://archive.is/uaUnQ,https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-from-the-president-9/,https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/davidmack/trump-pride-month-tweet-anti-lgbt-record,https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-7203-gay-and-lesbian-pride-month-1999,https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/presidential-proclamation-lgbt-pride-month;Did Trump Officially Recognize Pride Month During His Presidency?;lgbtq, Pride Month;;;;; +6;;;;False;Dan Evon;2021-06-01;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/101-dalmatians-swastika/;"A swastika can be seen in Perdita's fur pattern in the 1961 Disney movie ""101 Dalmatians.""";2021-06-01;snopes;;In May 2021, as a new live-action film about Disney’s iconic antagonist Cruella de Vil hit theaters, an old image that supposedly showed a swastika in the dotted fur pattern of the canine character Perdita in the 1961 animated movie “101 Dalmatians” recirculated: This is not a genuine still from the movie “101 Dalmatians.” The swastika-like pattern shown above does not appear in the original film. This image was edited to make it look as if there is a dotted pattern on Perdita’s fur resembling a swastika.  We viewed a copy of “101 Dalmatians” available via Disney Plus and can confirm that this swastika pattern does not appear in the official version of the film. A clip of this scene is also available via YouTube. It’s clear that Perdita, in the blue collar on the left, does not have dots shaped in the form of a swastika on her fur: The fake “101 Dalmatians” swastika image has been circulating since at least 2015 when the website Hexjam included it in an article about “subliminal messages you never noticed in Disney movies.” The images included in this article were all fakes, however, and featured far-fetched jokes such as a dwarf smoking a marijuana cigarette in “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” and former U.S. President George W. Bush’s face appearing in “Alice in Wonderland.” Hexjam noted at the top of the article that viewers probably never noticed these images because they didn’t actually appear in the Disney films. This is not the first time a digitally edited still from a Disney movie has been created to make it seem as if the animators had secretly slipped a tasteless joke into a PG movie. “Toy Story 3,” for example, does not feature a hidden image of oral sex, “The Lion King” doesn’t feature a hidden image of breasts, and “Monsters Inc.” does not feature a drawing of sex. For a few brief seconds in VHS copies of the 1977 movie “The Rescuers,” however, a topless woman truly did make an appearance.;https://baklol.com/baks/Funny/15-Disney-Subliminal-Messages--_209/101-Dalmatians-Nazi-Symbol--_32252,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/101-dalmatians.jpg,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/101-dalmatian-comparison.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20150919233704/http://www.hexjam.com/uk/entertainment-/9-outrageous-subliminal-messages-you-never-noticed-in-disney-movies,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toy-story-3-hidden/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/lion-king-sand-dunes/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/monsters-inc-sex-drawing/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-rescuers-topless/;Does a Swastika Appear in Disney’s ‘101 Dalmatians’?;Disney Films, nazi symbols, swastika;;;;; +7;;;;Context;Madison Dapcevich;2021-05-30;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/megalodon-stalk-a-cruise-ship/;A video captured in late May 2021 showed a megalodon shark stalking a cruise ship.;2021-05-30;snopes;;A video shared to the social media platform TikTok on May 25, 2021, showed what appeared to be an extremely large shark — perhaps the now-extinct supergiant megalodon — circling a ship.  Originally uploaded by musician Alex Albrecht, the video was said to have been captured while sailing in the Atlantic Ocean. At the time of this writing, the video had been liked more than 4.8 million times.  The magnitude of the shark’s size was made visible by its comparison to the people standing along the deck of the ship, prompting some users to suggest the seemingly impossible: that the animal in question was a now-extinct marine giant that once swam the ancient seas, a megalodon. Nicknamed “The Meg” by a 2018 science-fiction flick of the same name, the megalodon clocks in as the world’s largest shark. Megalodon fossils date back to 20 million years ago, and not only was the megalodon (scientific name Otodus megalodon) the largest shark on Earth, but the Natural History Museum reported that it was also one of the largest fish to ever exist — measuring up to 36 feet in length and three times longer than the white shark. It is important to note that estimates of megalodon size are not definitive, as a complete fossil specimen has never been found.  The megalodon went extinct around 3.8 million years ago. As such, other TikTok users suggested that the shark in the video may have been a basking shark, the second largest fish in the world, second only to the whale shark, according to the oceanic conservation group Oceana. Snopes spoke with John McCosker, the chairman of aquatic biology at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, who said that the animal in the TikTok was indeed a “big shark,” but was likely not a basking shark.  “It is probably a white shark (to call it a great white shark is just hyperbolic), which exists in those waters. I suspect that it is as large as 18 feet, but there is no way to calculate accurately from that photo,” said McCosker.  A look through the scientific literature confirmed what McCosker said. The white shark, scientific name Carcharodon carcharias, can weigh up to 6,600 pounds and grow to a maximum size of around 20 feet in length, noted Oceana. (However, the Smithsonian Institute reports that average female measures around 16 feet long, while males typically reach about 13 feet.)   “Great white sharks are opportunistic predators, feeding from the ocean’s surface to the seafloor. As great white sharks grow in size, so does the range of their prey,” said Oceana. “Smaller great whites prey on fish, rays, and crustaceans and when they are larger also eat seals, sea lions, dolphins, seabirds, marine turtles, rays, and other sharks.” What remains unclear is why the shark was circling the ship in the first place. Snopes contacted the original poster of the video, Albrecht, to receive more information about where the video was taken but did not receive a response in time for publication. We will update the article accordingly if we hear back.;https://archive.vn/Xh9KF,https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4779682/,https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/megalodon--the-truth-about-the-largest-shark-that-ever-lived.html,https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays/basking-shark,https://usa.oceana.org/fun-facts-about-great-white-sharks,https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/how-big-are-great-white-sharks,https://usa.oceana.org/fun-facts-about-great-white-sharks;Did a Megalodon Stalk a Cruise Ship?;;;;;; +8;;;;What's Undetermined;Madison Dapcevich;2021-05-30;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/asparagus-prevents-hangover/;A study showed eating asparagus before drinking alcohol can prevent or alleviate the effects of hangover.;2021-05-30;snopes;;From hangover-free liquor to eating dry yeast, the internet has tried to help fight hangovers for decades. And yet another hangover “cure” went viral in May 2021 after a Twitter user shared a photo of an asparagus bunch on May 22. A tag attached to the vegetable bundle told consumers, “Eating asparagus before you start drinking can help protect your liver. Its minerals and amino acids not only protect the liver from toxins, the enzymes in asparagus can help break down the alcohol and alleviate hangovers.” That claim can be traced back to a 2009 study published in the Journal of Food Science by the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), a forum of science and food professionals. Based on the evidence presented in the research, we determined this claim to be a mixture due to the fact that the scientists found that asparagus extract helped to alleviate the effects of alcohol in cultured human cells — not actual humans. While these findings suggested that consuming asparagus could help alleviate the effects of an alcohol hangover and protect the liver against some toxins, it is unknown whether eating asparagus in its pure form before, after, or while drinking alcohol will immediately help soothe a hangover, and if so, to what extent. The researchers credit Asparagus officinalis, the species of asparagus they used in the 2009 study, for anti-cancer effects, as well as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic properties. Its roots and shoots consist of health-promoting plant compounds like flavonoids, carbohydrates known as oligosaccharides, and protein-building amino acid derivatives. To determine whether A. officinalis might also be considered a “supplement for the alleviation of alcohol hangover,” researchers at the Institute of Medical Science and Jeju National University in Korea analyzed components of young asparagus shoots and leaves to compare the biochemical effect on human and rat liver cells — not humans. The researchers collected asparagus from several different farms in Korea, air-dried the shoots and leaves from young plants and then extracted their compounds and injected them into rat and human cells that had been cultured in Petri dishes (known as HepG2), some of which contained the key chemical found in alcohol, ethanol. (For comparison, the asparagus extract was also compared with two commercial hangover drinks available on the market at the time, Condition and Dawn808, for controls.) Chronic alcohol use can cause oxidative stress on the liver, which is responsible for metabolizing ethanol through two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Higher concentrations of a metabolite of ADH called acetate can cause toxic effects of alcohol — also known as hangover symptoms. But when treated with asparagus extract, these two enzymes worked nearly twice as effectively to essentially detoxify the liver cells. “Cellular toxicities were significantly alleviated in response to treatment with the extracts of asparagus leaves and shoots,” said lead researcher B.Y. Kim in a news release at the time of the study. “These results provide evidence of how the biological functions of asparagus can help alleviate alcohol hangover and protect liver cells.” Although the scientists did not compare other species of asparagus, they note that the antioxidant activity of A. officinalis observed in this study was “potent enough” to provide biochemical evidence that asparagus may alleviate alcohol hangover and protect liver cells against toxins. They also noted that asparagus leaves, which are normally chucked out, contain higher levels of amino acids and inorganic mineral contents that could also be therapeutically beneficial. Snopes contacted the IFT to determine if there have been additional or more recent studies regarding whether asparagus can help to alleviate the effects of a hangover. However, we did not hear back from the organization.  In short, a 2009 study held promise for treating hangovers, but it did not necessarily provide conclusive evidence that eating asparagus will cure — or prevent — hangovers. Your best bet? Health experts recommend staying hydrated, replacing lost vitamins and, unfortunately, just waiting it out.;https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/01/19/hangover-free-north-korea/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/yeast-alcohol-drunk/,https://twitter.com/John_Nissan/status/1396173476700979200,https://archive.vn/Qs3pu,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x,https://www.ift.org/,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b11,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b23,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b13,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b22,https://www.atcc.org/products/hb-8065,https://www.newswise.com/articles/eating-asparagus-may-prevent-a-hangover#:~:text=According%20to%20a%202009%20study,protect%20liver%20cells%20against%20toxins.,https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-support/hangover-cures/;Can Asparagus Prevent Hangovers?;;;;;; +9;;;;What's False;Dan MacGuill;2021-05-30;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pennsylvania-miscarriage-fine/;Pennsylvania House Bill 118 of 2021 would fine women who have a miscarriage, or force them to pay for a fetal death certificate.;2021-05-30;snopes;;In May 2021, a Democratic U.S. Senate candidate from Pennsylvania posted a widely shared condemnation of state lawmakers who she claimed had “voted to fine women who miscarry,” as well as forcing them to apply for a fetal death certificate: Val Arkoosh, chairwoman of the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners and one of several Democratic candidates seeking to replace retiring Republican U.S. Sen. Pat Toomey, posted the same message to Facebook on May 25, and offered further details in a short Instagram video, in which she said the bill in question: Arkoosh did not stipulate the legislation to which she was referring and did not respond to an inquiry from Snopes, but she appears to have had in mind Pennsylvania House Bill 118, which was one of three pieces of legislation voted through by a Republican majority on the House Health Committee earlier that day. HB 118 did not introduce a fine for women who have a miscarriage, nor did it introduce a requirement for them to pay for, or obtain, a fetal death certificate. The specific claims made by Arkoosh, in her widely shared tweet, were therefore inaccurate. However, the legislation did propose introducing new requirements and expanding existing ones for healthcare providers. If implemented, HB 118 could require healthcare providers to bury or cremate any and all fetal remains after a miscarriage or abortion, no matter how early in the pregnancy, and to file a fetal death certificate with the state of Pennsylvania, on penalty of a fine or even imprisonment. The process of filing a fetal death certificate is very likely to involve consultation and discussion with women who may strongly prefer not to take any part in discussions about such arrangements, and therefore HB 118 was likely, if implemented, to multiply the trauma inflicted on such women, in the state of Pennsylvania. We are therefore issuing a rating of “Mostly False.” Obligations on Healthcare Providers and Patients Under existing Pennsylvania law, specifically Article V of the Vital Statistics Law of 1953, healthcare providers are required to take a number of actions in the event of a fetal death, whether through miscarriage, abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. Firstly, they must file a fetal death certificate within four business days. Secondly, after the death is officially registered, they must apply for a “permit for disposal” and dispose of the remains. If an adult has died, these steps are typically taken by a funeral director, in collaboration with family members. But in the event of a fetal death, it’s a healthcare provider who typically registers the death and disposes of the fetal remains.  Pennsylvania law does not require patients to file a fetal death certificate or obtain a copy of one. That’s where Arkoosh’s tweet was mistaken. However, the process for a healthcare provider to take those steps is likely to require the involvement of the patient, and could well be traumatizing for her.  For example, Section 501 of the Vital Statistics Law states that, in the context of preparing and filing a fetal death certificate: The “person best acquainted with the facts” is likely, in many cases, to be the patient herself, meaning healthcare providers — in order to discharge their own legal obligations as best they can — are realistically obliged to consult the patient and discuss the fetal death with her. So while it’s not accurate to say women who have a miscarriage or abortion are “forced to fill out” a fetal death certificate application, as Arkoosh claimed, they are effectively forced to take part in the filling out of a fetal death certificate. For reasons we will outline, HB 118 could greatly increase the prevalence of that involuntary participation in completing fetal death certificates. Expansion of Obligations Importantly, the Vital Statistics Law defines “fetal death” as follows: Therefore, under existing Pennsylvania law, the certification and disposal requirements associated with a fetal death do not apply where the loss of pregnancy takes place before 16 weeks gestation. By contrast, HB 118, sponsored by State Rep. Francis Ryan, a Republican, removes that gestational age parameter from its definition of fetal death, as follows: By removing the 16-week threshold from the definition of fetal death, HB 118 appears to require healthcare providers to file a fetal death certificate for any and all fetal remains, no matter how early in the pregnancy. Most abortions take place early in pregnancies. In Pennsylvania in 2019, for example, almost 29,000 of the 31,000 abortions in the state that year (92%) happened before 14 weeks gestational age. Furthermore, it is estimated that around 80% of miscarriages take place within the first 12 weeks of a pregnancy (although some women undergo miscarriages at home rather than in a healthcare setting). For these reasons, it is fair to assume that HB 118 would, if implemented, quite significantly increase the administrative burdens on healthcare providers involved in pregnancy loss, in the state of Pennsylvania. Furthermore, given the fact that filing a fetal death certificate is likely to require discussion and consultation with patients, as outlined above, it is also reasonable to assume that HB 118 would, if implemented, significantly multiply the trauma inflicted upon women who undergo a miscarriage or abortion, and do not wish to take part in fetal death registration or related discussions. A measure of confusion exists over the wording of HB 118, and its consequences. HB 118 does not explicitly amend the existing definition of “fetal death” in the Vital Statistics Law, so it’s not clear which definition would take precedence — the existing one, which relates only to fetal deaths after 16 weeks gestational age, or the new one, which has no gestational age parameters and would expand the certification requirements from a minority of cases to all fetal deaths.  In a news release, Ryan’s office insisted that HB 118 “does not require a death certificate” and suggested that the 16-week rule stemmed from the federal U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as follows: This is inaccurate. The CDC does not require recording of fetal deaths after 16 weeks, and such recording requirements vary from state to state. It is particularly unusual that Ryan would attribute the 16-week rule to the CDC, when the definition of “fetal death” in his own legislation clearly appears to have been taken from the definition found in the Vital Statistics Law — the wording is almost identical, but with the phrase “after sixteen (16) weeks gestation” removed.  Snopes asked a spokesperson for Ryan about this, and asked whether he supported keeping the 16-week floor for fetal death certificates and disposal requirements, but we did not receive a response.   Given that Ryan’s definition of “fetal death” has almost the exact same wording as the one found in the Vital Statistics Law, the new definition appears to be an amendment of the old one, in all but name.  HB 118 would introduce a new requirement for healthcare providers to either bury or cremate fetal remains, no matter how early the pregnancy loss takes place, and no matter the cause. Under existing law, healthcare providers are obliged to obtain a disposal permit after 16 weeks gestational age, but there is no specific requirement for the manner in which a healthcare provider disposes of fetal remains (provided the disposal is otherwise lawful), and such remains are sometimes disposed of as medical waste.  Specific requirements do exist, in the context of abortions, for the examination and disposal of tissue extracted during first and second-trimester abortions.  HB 118 would change that. In Section 3(b), the bill lists the obligations it would place on “health care facilities.” Among them is “Cremate or inter the fetal remains.” Because HB 118 defines “fetal remains” as “the fetus expelled or extracted” in a fetal death, it would include cases of miscarriage. So Ryan’s bill would take Pennsylvania law from requiring certain protocols for the examination and disposal of tissue after abortions, including disposal as medical waste, to now requiring burial or cremation for all fetal remains, at any gestational age, no matter the cause. This burial/cremation requirement follows similar laws recently introduced in several other states, including Indiana, whose 2016 legislation was signed into law by then-Gov. Mike Pence. In 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Indiana’s fetal remains law, after a challenge from Planned Parenthood and others.  Importantly, the burial/cremation rule in HB 118 would also appear to trigger a requirement to file a death certificate for all fetal remains. Here’s how: Thus, HB 118 creates an obligation to bury or cremate all fetal remains, no matter the gestational age or cause of death.  Therefore, HB 118 would appear to indirectly trigger a requirement for a fetal death certificate to be filed for every fetal death. So, if Ryan’s new, all-inclusive definition of “fetal death” is used or takes precedence, HB 118 would require a fetal death certificate for all fetal deaths in two ways: However, while the requirement to bury or cremate any and all fetal remains comes from HB 118, the requirement to file a death certificate in order to get a burial permit comes from the Vital Statistics Law and, as we have already outlined, that particular legislation defines “fetal death” as only including fetal deaths after 16 weeks gestation. So again we are faced with the discrepancy between the existing definition of “fetal death” and the new one proposed in HB 118.  Finally, HB 118 would also introduce new criminal penalties for healthcare providers. Section 4 of the bill states that:  Article IX of that law states, in turn, that: So, under HB 118, a healthcare provider who fails to properly certify a fetal death, or disposes of fetal remains in any way other than burial or cremation, could face fines of up to $300, and if they don’t pay those fines, they could in principle be sent to jail for up to one month. On May 25, members of the House Health Committee voted 15-10, along party lines, to pass HB 118 and report it for consideration by the entire General Assembly. The bill is opposed by various pro-choice groups including the ACLU, Women’s Law Project, and Planned Parenthood.;https://archive.is/b88Hj,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-25.png,https://archive.is/8j3zn,https://www.facebook.com/valarkooshpa/posts/133701898821948,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPTBwBdDRvC/,https://archive.is/gtkU6,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526021723/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/PDF/1953/0/0066..PDF,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526021723/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/PDF/1953/0/0066..PDF,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526035543/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2021&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0118&pn=0086,https://web.archive.org/web/20210304001031/https://www.health.pa.gov/topics/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/Documents/Pennsylvania_Annual_Abortion_Report_2019.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/ACOG-Practice-bulletin-early-pregnancy-loss-2015.pdf,https://archive.is/Dai4x,https://web.archive.org/web/20210319175728/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr69/nvsr69-04-508.pdf,https://archive.is/Puz0T,https://archive.is/rWzCV,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526035543/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2021&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0118&pn=0086,https://archive.is/0k0HF,https://web.archive.org/web/20210428120645/https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/18pdf/18-483_3d9g.pdf,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526035543/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2021&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0118&pn=0086,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526021723/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/PDF/1953/0/0066..PDF,https://archive.is/2bG6d,https://www.aclupa.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/aclu-pa_opposition_to_hb_118_pn_86_house_health_2021-05-21.pdf,https://archive.is/7p03q,https://archive.is/UjnlK;Did Pennsylvania Lawmakers Vote to Fine Women Who Have a Miscarriage?;Editor's Picks;;;;; +10;;;;Context;Bethania Palma;2021-05-30;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/grass-smiling-microscope/;An image showing a blade of grass under a microscope revealed several smiley faces.;2021-05-30;snopes;;An image that appears to show a bunch of little “smiley faces” peering out at the viewer from under a microscope has been circulating on the internet for years. In a meme that has been shared by social media users since May 2021, the image is accompanied by a caption that reads, “This is what a blade of grass looks like under a microscope. Next time you take a walk outside, know that the grass is happy to see you.” Although we were unable to find the original source of the above image, we did locate other microscopic images of grass with similar features. A discussion about the image cropped up in 2015 on the question-and-answer site StackExchange, where a user with an anonymous profile pointed to a similar image on a science stock photo website that was captioned: Maria Morrow, assistant professor of botany and environmental science at College of the Redwoods, pointed out that the “smiley faces” are in fact vascular bundles typical in plants called monocots — plants that are only composed of one leaf, like grass. So although the above image does depict the components of a real leaf cross section under a microscope, it’s safe to say that the image doesn’t in any literal sense show a leaf “smiling” or “happy to see you.” In fact, describing these characteristics as smiley faces is a subjective call. Looking at the image included in Morrow’s article, one could argue the leaf is actually screaming at you: In other words, the “smiley faces” are just an illusion created by viewing a slice of the leaf’s round vascular bundles from above, through a microscope lens.;https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Screen-Shot-2021-05-26-at-8.57.48-AM.png,https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/xerophytic-grass-microscope?phrase=xerophytic%20grass%20microscope&sort=best,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xerophytic_Leaf_Cross_Section_Stained_Microscope_Slide.jpg,https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/27989/is-this-a-grass-cell/50568,https://web.archive.org/web/20160607235026/https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/30161/view,https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Book%3A_Botany_Lab_Manual_(Morrow)/08%3A_Shoot_Anatomy_and_Morphology/8.4%3A_Monocots,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg;Does Microscopic Image Show ‘Smiley Faces’ in a Blade of Grass?;;;;;; +11;;;;False;Dan Evon;2021-05-29;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/throw-saw-blade-through-2x4/;A video shows a construction worker throwing a saw blade through a two-by-four.;2021-05-29;snopes;;One sign of a great viral video is that it continues to circulate long after it has left the limelight. In May 2021, more than a decade after this video first went viral, we received a query asking if a construction worker really threw a circular saw blade through a two-by-four: This video first went viral in 2009 and has since been viewed nearly 2 million times. Posts on Facebook over the years added hundreds of thousands additional views. But, while this video is undoubtedly popular, it’s also undoubtedly fake.  This video was created as part of a viral marketing campaign from Martin Williams Advertising for Integrity Windows and Doors from Marvin. The campaign, dubbed “The Carl and Stu Skills Challenge,”  featured five videos of suspiciously skilled construction workers. We’ve only been able to locate one other video from this campaign, which featured the tremendous tape-measuring skills of an anonymous construction worker actor: In 2010, Adweek magazine awarded Martin|Williams Advertising with the BUZZ Award. Here’s an excerpt from a news release announcing the award: According to power tool manufacturer Vermont American, a circular saw blade can spin as fast as 10,000 SFPM (surface feet per minute). We’re not sure how fast a human-thrown saw blade spins (or if it has ever been measured), but it’s not fast enough to saw through wood. In addition to spinning speeds, power tools also have the added benefit of continuing to spin after they meet resistance. Here’s a video of what it actually looks like when you throw a saw blade at a piece of wood:;https://www.facebook.com/1635082670126579/videos/1635777846723728,https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/martinwilliams-receives-buzz-award-for-integrity-windows-and-doors-viral-marketing-campaign-95050389.html,https://vermontamerican.com/circular-saw-blade-speed-chart/#:~:text=Recommended%20Operating%20Speeds%20for%20Circular,Never%20exceed%2018%2C000%20SFPM!;Can You Throw a Saw Blade Through a Two-by-Four?;;;;;; +12;;;;False;Kim LaCapria;2018-02-06;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/kim/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/new-facebook-algorithm-26-friends/;A new Facebook algorithm only shows posts from about two dozen friends in your newsfeed.;2018-02-06;snopes;;In December 2017, rumors that a new Facebook algorithm was restricting the number of friends whose content appears in users’ newsfeeds hit the social media network:  Although the content and claim were largely the same, another version of this rumor that spread a month later held that the algorithm specifically pared down the content in a user’s newsfeed to posts from either 25 or 26 friends: Some versions even claimed, inaccurately, that we had verified the purported new Facebook algorithm (“Does Facebook limit friends to 25?”) exists: The truth is that no one seems to know exactly how Facebook’s algorithms work. Slate described the manner in which the social media network determines the order of content in any feed as “surprisingly inelegant, maddeningly mercurial, and stubbornly opaque.” The rumors followed on the heels of an 11 January 2018 Facebook blog post that addressed changes to the service related to changes in the content mixture that users could expect to see in their newsfeeds: However, these changes were described as affecting content generated by businesses and publishers, not individual friends and family members, and the only disclosures made about those changes were that they were intended to increase (not limit) interactions with friends and family: We contacted Facebook to ask whether the claim of limiting personal interactions had merit, and a representative told us that the rumor held no water (which is in keeping with our own observations). As with other viral posts aiming to “trick” Facebook’s algorithm, this rumor is both misguided and ineffective.;https://www.snopes.com/tag/facebook-algorithms/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2018/02/facebook-26-algorithm.png,http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/cover_story/2016/01/how_facebook_s_news_feed_algorithm_works.html,https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/01/news-feed-fyi-bringing-people-closer-together/,https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104413015393571,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/facebook-posts-made-public/;Does a New Facebook Algorithm Only Show You 26 Friends?;;;;;; +13;;;;What's False;David Mikkelson;2013-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/snopes/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/memorial-day/;Memorial Day began with a May 1865 ceremony held by former slaves to honor Union war dead.;2013-05-28;snopes;;"The custom of holding observances (including the laying of flowers on burial sites) to remember and honor those who gave their lives in military service goes back many hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In the United States, that custom has long since been formalized in the creation of Memorial Day (formerly known as Decoration Day), a federal holiday observed on the last Monday in May to remember the men and women who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces. Traditionally, every year the President of the United States (or, in his absence, another high-ranking government official) visits Arlington National Cemetery on Memorial Day to honor all those Americans who have died in military service to their country by participating in a symbolic wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns: In a formal sense, the modern Memorial Day originated with an order issued in 1868 by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, the commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, for the annual decoration of war graves: In a literal sense, it was not until 1971 that Memorial Day was established as a federal holiday by Congress. Regardless of when Decoration Day (or Memorial Day) may have been officially established, though, debate continues to this day regarding exactly when and where the first observance of this nature was held in the United States. In May 1966 the city of Waterloo, New York, was designated as the “Birthplace of Memorial Day” via a Congressional resolutions and presidential proclamation commemorating a patriotic observance held in that town one hundred years earlier: Nonetheless, dozens of other places still lay claim, based on a variety of criteria, to being the true birthplace of the modern Memorial Day, and more recent historical studies have concluded that all of those claims (including Waterloo’s) are apocryphal: The multiplicity of sites that have claimed Memorial Day birthplace status for themselves are not all in the North; many contenders are Southern cities that were part of the Confederacy during the Civil War: In his book Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, Professor David W. Blight made the case for Charleston, South Carolina, as Memorial Day’s birthplace, as that city was the site of an obscure (possibly suppressed) May 1865 event held at a racetrack turned war prison, during which freedmen properly reburied hundreds of Union dead found there and then held a ceremony to dedicate the cemetery: Although contemporaneous accounts from the Charleston Daily Courier describe and document the 1865 ceremony that took place there, and the event was one the earliest known observances similar to what we would now recognize as Memorial Day, whether it was truly the first such ceremony, and what influence (if any) it might have had on later observances, are still matters of contention. Professor Blight termed it “the first Memorial Day” because it predated most of the other contenders, but he noted he has no evidence that it led to General Logan’s call for a national holiday in 1868: “I’m much more interested in the meaning that’s being conveyed in that incredible ritual than who’s first,” he said. In their 2014 book The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday, Dr. Richard Gardiner and Daniel Bellware concluded that credit for the origins of Memorial Day should likely rest with a group of women in Columbus, Georgia known as the Ladies Memorial Association, who beginning in 1866 held an annual observance originally called “Memorial Day,” then subsequently referred to as “Confederate Memorial Day” after (as referenced above) northerners co-opted the event in 1868 and established their own Memorial Day.";http://www.va.gov/opa/speceven/memday/history.asp,http://www.waterloony.com/mdayhistory.html,http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=27618;The Origins of Memorial Day;memorial day, slavery;;;;; +14;;;;False;Nur Ibrahim;2020-12-21;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/dr-creep-predict-coronavirus-2013/;Dr. Creep, a rapper, predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in his 2013 song “Pandemic,” where he sang: “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.”;2020-12-21;snopes;;A rapper named Dr. Creep predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in a song, if the internet’s conspiracy theories are to be believed. Much like other stories we have covered about coronavirus predictions, we found this one to be untrue. Numerous posts online honed in on one particular lyric from his 2013 song “Pandemic.” The lyric says, “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.” One conspiracy theorist argued: “I find it rather hard to believe the somewhat aptly named Dr Creep wasn’t somehow passed a drop of advance information from a mystery someone on the inside.” The specific lyrics can be heard around the 1:07 mark: But Dr. Creep himself denied that he predicted the pandemic. In March 2020, he posted on his Facebook page that the lyrics were “more of a coincidence than a prediction as I don’t feel I was ‘trying’ to predict anything, I just rapped about what I was watching.” The story of a novel coronavirus was indeed reported on back in 2013 by numerous outlets including the World Health Organization (WHO). But it was not the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also named COVID-19, that began in 2019. Given that Dr. Creep himself denied that he made a prediction, we rate this claim as “False.”;https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/farmers-almanac-predict-covid-19/,http://themindlessfreaks.blogspot.com/2020/04/dr-creep-pandemic-music-video-predicts.html,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.facebook.com/DrCreep.Creepbhill/posts/2656791964443326,https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/mar/15/coronavirus-next-global-pandemic,https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20121221/en/;Did Musician Dr. Creep Predict the COVID Pandemic in a 2013 Song?;COVID-19;;;;; +15;;;;True;Dan Evon;2021-05-29;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/andre-the-giant-bigfoot/;"A photograph shows wrestler André the Giant portraying Bigfoot on the show ""Six Million Dollar Man"" in 1976.";2021-05-29;snopes;;Though André René Roussimoff, better known as André the Giant, spent the majority of his career fighting battles in the ring for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he also had some memorable movie roles. He appeared in an episode of “Zorro,” he played the friendly Fezzik in “The Princess Bride,” and, according to a popular internet photo, appeared as Bigfoot (or Sasquatch) in an episode of “The Six Million Dollar Man.”  This is a genuine photo of André the Giant as Bigfoot and Lee Majors as Col. Steve Austin on the set of a 1976 episode of “The Six Million Dollar Man.”  André appeared as Bigfoot in a two-part episode of “The Six Million Dollar Man” called “The Secret of Bigfoot.” Author Michael Krugman writes in his 2009 book “Andre the Giant: A Legendary Life” that this was the iconic wrestler’s acting debut: While the photo of André the Giant as Bigfoot is real, this version of Bigfoot on the “Six Million Dollar Man” wasn’t your average mythical beast. It’s revealed in the episode (45-year spoiler alert!) that the Bigfoot portrayed by André the Giant was actually a robot built by aliens. Majors’ character makes this discovery while grappling with the beast. Here’s a clip from this memorable moment: This episode can be watched in its entirety on NBC.;https://www.reddit.com/r/OldSchoolCool/comments/nlgnzv/1976_andre_the_giant_appeared_as_bigfoot_on_six/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/bigfoot-andre-the-giant.jpg,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/the-secret-of-bigfoot-part-i-bionic-woman-crossover-season-news-photo/93748058?irgwc=1&esource=AFF_GI_IR_TinEye_77643&asid=TinEye&cid=GI&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=TinEye&utm_content=77643,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Andre_the_Giant/u8RNM7QmEqkC?hl=en&gbpv=1,https://www.nbc.com/the-six-million-dollar-man/video/the-secret-of-bigfoot-part-1/3762493;Did André the Giant Play Bigfoot on TV?;;;;;; +16;;;;True;Dan MacGuill;2021-05-29;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/watermelon-oklahoma-vegetable/;As of May 2021, Oklahoma's officially designated state vegetable was the watermelon.;2021-05-29;snopes;;In May 2021, social media users enthusiastically shared a Twitter post that presented an odd factoid: “Oklahoma’s official state vegetable is a watermelon.” It was posted on May 24, by the Twitter account @UberFacts, and also proved popular on Facebook, and the online forum Reddit. That core claim was accurate. The watermelon is designated, in law, as the official state vegetable of Oklahoma. We’re issuing a rating of “True.” That official designation came about in 2007. Two lawmakers — Democratic State Rep. Joe Dorman and Republican State Sen. Don Barrington — sponsored House Bill 1669, which proposed adding a new section to the Oklahoma statutes, declaring that “The watermelon is hereby designated and adopted as the official vegetable of the State of Oklahoma.” In March, the House passed the bill 78-19, and the Senate did likewise, in a 44-2 vote. On April 24, then-Gov. Brad Henry, a Democrat, signed the bill into law. As of May 2021, Sec. 25-98.15 of the Oklahoma Statutes states: “The watermelon is hereby designated and adopted as the official vegetable of the State of Oklahoma.” The move caused controversy at the time and attracted a measure of national and international news coverage. Dorman’s home town of Rush Springs describes itself as “The Watermelon Capital of the World” and hosts an annual watermelon festival, an indication that his push for the designation was not purely motivated by an interest in botany or agriculture. A poll of readers of The Oklahoman newspaper found that 89 percent did not consider the watermelon a vegetable.  Before HB 1669 was signed into law, a fiscal impact report addressed the dispute over how the watermelon should be classified, as follows: The watermelon, specifically Citrullus lanatus, the species cited in the fiscal impact report, is undoubtedly a fruit. In botany, a fruit is defined as the matured ovary of a plant, or its contents, and the watermelon fits that description.  The term “vegetable,” on the other hand, is not so precisely defined. It is often described as any edible portion of a plant — a wide net that would include fruits and nuts, for example — but some definitions specify that vegetables include only parts of a plant that are not fruits or nuts (for example leaves, roots, and flowers).  So depending on your interpretation, the watermelon is either exclusively a fruit, or both a fruit and vegetable — the latter interpretation being favored by Dorman and Barrington, back in 2007. For the record, the official state fruit of Oklahoma is the strawberry.  In 2015, Nathan Dahm, a Republican state senator, attempted to remove the watermelon as the official vegetable of Oklahoma. In February of that year, he introduced Senate Bill 329, which would have repealed the statute in question. However, the bill never advanced to a vote, and ultimately died on the vine, so to speak.;https://archive.is/5QalJ,https://www.facebook.com/search/photos/?q=%22official%20state%20vegetable%20is%20the%20watermelon%22&sde=AbqJcKhAQCSbrhkIuhHqLFQrzIte-8Wbx2JqPuEqECe9tR8a1XtEI327HmXs4vuPuuVvZyo2pjn7xOhWa8knXm_9PrIAuFFBxeBt0CexGi57jznGd1RKcr63vua9Y7w5mC4BYHrnZGXWFsr6ofwTunYulPGm9eA5sWWion-qft7HejJKhN7FGKK_SD5uSY6-6D5NwmK1ptqtKbarNJy4e9P81ByNhVM-V_7CGBELctVUMFpoLMSe400tR7Ky2sZ8yqQ,https://archive.is/LQ0jY,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Screenshot-2021-05-25-at-10.29.44.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20201030042406/http://www.oklegislature.gov/cf_pdf/2007-08%20FLR/hflr/HB1669%20hflr.pdf,https://archive.is/dSnO4,https://web.archive.org/web/20201018104601/https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/votes_documents/votes_2007/00765.pdf,https://archive.is/nkWeT,https://archive.is/DCL6O,https://archive.is/rmKWb,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/The_Daily_Oklahoman_Fri__Apr_20__2007_.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/HB1669-INT-FI.pdf,https://archive.is/zU78W,https://archive.is/DCL6O,https://archive.is/Yh1kG,https://web.archive.org/web/20160706222405/http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2015-16%20INT/SB/SB329%20INT.PDF;Is Watermelon Oklahoma’s Official State Vegetable?;;;;;; +17;;;;True;Bethania Palma;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rick-moranis-quit-acting/;Rick Moranis left acting to raise his children after his wife died in 1991.;2021-05-28;snopes;;In a post dated May 27, 2021, a Reddit user posted a meme praising “Ghostbusters” actor Rick Moranis not just for his comedic on-screen presence, but also for his life choices: namely leaving Hollywood to raise his children after his wife died in 1991. The meme is true. Moranis did star in the 1989 blockbuster “Honey I Shrunk the Kids.” The Canadian actor also stated that he quit acting to raise his two children after his wife, Ann, died in 1991 from breast cancer. Moranis explained the decision in a 2005 interview with USA Today: Moranis did come out of his long hiatus to make a Mint Mobile commercial with fellow Canada native Ryan Reynolds in September 2020.;https://www.reddit.com/r/MadeMeSmile/comments/nme74h/the_real_mvp/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/moranis.jpg,https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097523/,https://news.yahoo.com/rick-moranis-back-why-no-204936257.html,https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-10-12-rick-moranis_x.htm,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfpUM5Wrh2A;Did Actor Rick Moranis Quit Acting to Raise His Children?;;;;;; +18;;;;True;Madison Dapcevich;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pink-lakes-of-australia-real/;Australia is home to several brightly hued, natural pink lakes.;2021-05-28;snopes;;"Bubble gum pink isn’t a color reserved for just candy. In Australia, several natural-forming, brightly pink-hued lakes attract tourists from around the world every year hoping to take a peek at their out-of-this-world coloration.  And the lakes made their way around the world of the internet in late May 2021 when a user shared four photographs of the lakes to the travel Facebook group, Girls LOVE Travel.   “No way this is really that pink!” wrote Estrada. Screengrab/Facebook Yes, way. As it turns out, Australia is home to at least seven pink-hued lakes, some of which are found inland and others that are nestled against the white sand beaches of the South Pacific.    Perhaps best known is Lake Hilliar. First discovered in 1802 by navigator Matthew Flinders, the lake is located on Middle Island off of the coast of Western Australia. Like the other pink lakes of Australia, it is believed that Lake Hilliar’s vibrant pink color is the result of microalgae called Dunaliella salina. The salt-loving algae produce carotenoids — the same pigment found in carrots — that could help to explain how the lake gets its pink color. According to a 1987 study published in the Journal of Arid Environments, the water of some lakes can turn pink during the warm and dry months of the year when brine concentrations are highest. As water evaporates from the surface of the lake, and the body of water increases in salinity, D. salina develops its reddish pigment.  Researchers with the U.S.-based Extreme Microbiome Project, a scientific effort to characterize extremophiles and novel organisms, studied sediment and water samples from the lake to better understand the organisms that call it home.  “While the pink color is thought to be caused by salt-loving algae, the actual microbial composition of the lake is unknown,” wrote Ken McGrath, national sequencing manager at the Australian Research Facility. “The analysis revealed a surprising range of microbial diversity in the lake, and indicates that many algal, bacterial, and archaeal halophiles contribute to the persistent pigmentation of this pink paradise.” McGrath and his team genetically sequenced organisms found in the lake using what is known as metagenomics – the “fishing net” of genomics that captures everything in the sample, not just the fishing rod looking at a specific question.  A “bigger picture” of what was in the lake revealed that while D. salina is the dominant bacteria in the lake; other archaea — unicellular organisms like bacteria that make up a different branch of the tree of life — were also found in abundant numbers, including salt-loving species and subspecies. That same year, SciShow host Hank Green described this process as a special adaptation that allowed these microscopic organisms to survive in an otherwise inhospitable environment.   Though the exact mechanism behind Australia’s pink lakes is not completely known, scientists are beginning to understand how such hues can be found naturally on Earth.";https://www.australia.com/en-us/things-to-do/nature-and-national-parks/australias-pink-lakes.html,https://www.facebook.com/groups/GirlsLOVETravel/permalink/1835979343413047,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Screen-Shot-2021-05-28-at-3.49.49-PM.png,https://www.facebook.com/groups/GirlsLOVETravel/permalink/1835979343413047,https://hillierlake.com/,https://www.westernaustralia.com/en/plan_your_trip/travelstories/pages/the_amazing_pink_lakes_of_western_australia.aspx,https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?tc=accept&species_id=B883c0773f2bb66b7,https://phycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/Dunsal1/Dunsal1.home.html,https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/extreme-microbiome-project-xmp-presents-mystery-pink-lake,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140196318311790,http://extrememicrobiome.org/about/,https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/extreme-microbiome-project-xmp-presents-mystery-pink-lake,https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/extreme-microbiome-project-xmp-presents-mystery-pink-lake;Are the ‘Pink Lakes’ of Australia Real?;;;;;; +19;;;;Unproven;Nur Ibrahim;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/north-korea-ban-skinny-jeans/;The North Korean regime has banned skinny jeans, among other “Western” fashion trends, as part of a crackdown on “anti-socialist behaviour.”;2021-05-28;snopes;;North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-un has vowed to crack down on “anti-socialist” elements at home amid international fears that the country is continuing to build its nuclear arsenal. According to a Guardian report, this crackdown includes a ban on skinny jeans, among other fashion trends inspired by so-called “Western” culture. The Guardian report said this ban occurred after Rodong Sinmum, the official newspaper of the North Korean government, had published an article expressing concern about how young people are increasingly embracing Western fashion trends. “History teaches us a crucial lesson that a country can become vulnerable and eventually collapse like a damp wall regardless of its economic and defense power if we do not hold on to our own lifestyle,” the official newspaper said. “We must be wary of even the slightest sign of the capitalist lifestyle and fight to get rid of them.” According to South Korean broadcaster Yonhap news agency, in December 2020, North Korea toughened punishments for possession of videos made in South Korea. The report of the ban on skinny jeans appears to be sourced from Rodong Sinmum, though incidents of a crackdown on jeans and other fashion trends have been reported since mid-2020. Along with jeans, mullets, spiky and dyed hair are no longer authorized, according to documents published by the Socialist Patriotic Youth League, a youth organization under the control of the government, according to the Guardian story. In August 2020, the Daily NK—a paper based in Seoul that reports on North Korea through a network of North Korean informants—reported that North Korean authorities, including the provincial Youth League in South Pyongan province, were cracking down on “dyed hair, earrings, jeans and clothing with foreign lettering.” According to the report, authorities see wearing tight clothing as part of the “yellow wind of capitalism” and have labeled such conduct “anti-socialist behavior.” We have been unable to find the original North Korean source detailing the specific nationwide ban on skinny jeans, relying instead on the Guardian report, and older reporting from South Korean media. Like many things out of North Korea, such reports rely on second-hand sources. As such we rate this “Unproven.” We will update this rating if we receive pertinent information.;https://apnews.com/article/asia-pacific-donald-trump-socialism-business-health-9971ab0b93f3c7ebf1330d15500bd518,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210513003400325?section=nk%2Fnk,https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210513003400325?section=nk%2Fnk,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://www.dailynk.com/english/south-pyongan-province-cracks-down-dyed-hair-other-improper-behavior/,https://www.dailynk.com/english/faq/;Did North Korea Ban Skinny Jeans as a Symbol of ‘Capitalistic Lifestyle’?;;;;;; +20;;;;Context;Bethania Palma;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/510-foot-cheesesteak-sandwich/;Philadelphia chefs constructed a 510-foot-long cheesesteak sandwich.;2021-05-28;snopes;;"In late May 2021, friends of a South Philadelphia restauranteur decided to make his birthday one to remember by assembling a massive cheesesteak sandwich feast. News reports said the sandwich was 510 feet long, although some on social media said it was longer. To celebrate the birthday of Rene Kobeitri, the owner of Rim Cafe in South Philadelphia, local chefs assembled a 510-foot-long chain of cheesesteak sandwiches, which spanned three city blocks. The Philadelphia Metro newspaper reported that chefs from different types of restaurants constructed an international feast. “For example, Chef Christina Martinez of South Philly Barbacoa created a Mexican cheesesteak; Chef Mike McKinley of Yakitori Boy created a Japanese cheesesteak; and Chef Dian Widjojo, owner of Hardena Restaurant, created an Indonesian cheesesteak, to name a few.” Some questioned on social media whether the creation constituted a single sandwich, per se, because photographs showed that it was made out of separate sandwich buns. To be fair though, we don’t know of a way the bread could be one bun without a 510-foot-long bread oven.";https://philly.metro.us/rim-cafe-owner-celebrates-birthday-in-most-philly-way-possible/,https://philly.metro.us/rim-cafe-owner-celebrates-birthday-in-most-philly-way-possible/;Did Philly Chefs Create a 510-Foot-Long Cheesesteak Sandwich?;;;;;; +21;;;;Unproven;Dan MacGuill;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/eleanor-roosevelt-marines-quote/;"Eleanor Roosevelt once said U.S. Marines have ""the cleanest bodies, the filthiest minds, the highest morale, and the lowest morals,"" or words to that effect.";2021-05-28;snopes;;In May 2021, readers asked Snopes to look into a popular and colorful quotation, widely attributed to Eleanor Roosevelt, in which the former first lady supposedly said the U.S. Marines have “the cleanest bodies, the filthiest minds, the highest morale, and the lowest morals of any group of animals I have ever seen.” Over the years, the quip has appeared in various places of prominence: in countless memes and in books about the history of the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC). In many cases, the quotation was dated to 1945, including a widely shared 2013 post by the official USMC Facebook page: Despite its prevalence, and despite what could be regarded as an official endorsement from the USMC itself, it remains uncertain whether Roosevelt ever actually wrote or spoke those words, and we found a few indicators that the attribution to the former first lady might well be erroneous. Until or unless definitive evidence becomes available, we are issuing a rating of “Unproven.” Snopes asked the USMC and the FDR Presidential Library and Museum to look into the provenance of the quote. Despite what appeared to be extensive research efforts, neither could locate the original source, or find evidence to support the attribution to Roosevelt.  Kirsten Carter, supervisory archivist at the FDR Library, told Snopes the quote was “out of character,” but could not necessarily be dismissed as something Roosevelt may have said: Furthermore, we found extensive evidence of the same quotation being used in reference to the U.S. Navy and American sailors. For example, in his 1996 memoir, former Naval Commander Edward Raymer wrote: The existence of this naval variant on the Roosevelt quote does not mean she never said it, or never said it about Marines, but it does raise the possibility of an old anonymous saying, popular among both sailors and Marines, later being attributed to a prominent public figure. And finally, we found definitive proof that the quotation existed before 1945. In October 1942, a group of Marine sergeants and corporals commissioned during World War II wrote a colorful letter to the editor of the Wisconsin State Journal. In it, they included the following observation: Since most examples of the Roosevelt quote have been dated to 1945, and we know for sure she didn’t say it for the first time then, it does give cause to doubt the veracity of other aspects of that citation, including the attribution to Roosevelt.  Several possibilities exist. It could be that Roosevelt did come up with the phrase, first said it before 1942, and the 1945 date is the only inaccurate component of the citation that has become popular in recent years. Equally, Roosevelt may have used the saying in a speech or letter, but she didn’t invent it, and was simply repeating an already-popular quip about Marines, only for the quotation to be incorrectly attributed to her alone. Alternatively, it may have been a popular, humorous saying about Marines and or the Navy, which was later attributed to Roosevelt in order to lend credibility and prominence to it.  As of now, we don’t have enough evidence to reach a conclusion about which scenario is true. Until such time, our rating remains “Unproven.”;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/eleanor-roosevelt-quote-liberal/,https://www.google.com/search?q=%22the+highest+morale,+and+the+lowest+morals+of+any+group%22&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS879US879&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=l5DJA4ObjnlScM%252CL24z_i7q3O3vlM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kQjiXLzPFWnyUc5wDM6Fqjf3oZCVQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ58OvuufwAhWeFFkFHSn-C1YQ9QF6BAgcEAE&biw=1680&bih=857#imgrc=l5DJA4ObjnlScM,https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Few_and_the_Proud_Marine_Corps_Drill/eR2SAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22the+highest+morale,+and+the+lowest+morals+of+any+group%22&pg=PA253&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Boys_in_Blue_White_Dress/LQZQ0i9JSuoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=cleanest+bodies,+dirtiest+minds&pg=PA204&printsec=frontcover,https://archive.is/V5Koc,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-FEATURED-IMG-25-1.png,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pearl_Harbor/ECcuDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22cleanest+bodies+and+the+dirtiest+minds%22&pg=PA1&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Pretty_Color_Ribbons_Of_War/24RiDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22cleanest+bodies+and+the+filthiest+minds%22&pg=PT83&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dragon_Boy/tYUfEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22cleanest+bodies+and+the+dirtiest+minds%22&pg=PT106&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Descent_into_Darkness/2FZl9mg_Kb4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=cleanest+bodies,+dirtiest+minds&pg=PT22&printsec=frontcover,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/Wisconsin_State_Journal_Tue__Oct_27__1942_.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Wisconsin_State_Journal_Tue__Oct_27__1942_.jpg;Did Eleanor Roosevelt Say Marines Have ‘The Cleanest Bodies, the Filthiest Minds’?;;;;;; +22;;;;Correct Attribution;Bethania Palma;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/gaetz-second-amendment-comments/;"U.S. Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Florida, stated, ""We better use"" the Second Amendment when railing against alleged suppression of speech by social media platforms.";2021-05-28;snopes;;During a rally on May 27, 2021, U.S. Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Florida, made remarks that earned him condemnation, particularly in light of the fact that U.S. Senate Republicans voted on May 28 to block a bipartisan committee to study the deadly Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol. Gaetz’s fellow Republican House member, U.S. Rep. Adam Kinzinger, R-Illinois, for example, accused Gaetz of inciting violence: Gaetz, who is under investigation in a federal sex trafficking probe, stated during the rally in Dalton, Georgia: Video of Gaetz’ comment can be viewed here: It’s not the first time Gaetz has made such a remark. Although he had been railing against alleged speech suppression on social media platforms, Gaetz posted a similar statement on May 28 to Twitter: He also made a similar statement on May 7, 2021, during a rally in Florida. Gaetz has been holding rallies with fellow U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Georgia, a Qanon conspiracy theory supporter who won her seat representing Georgia’s 14th Congressional District after running unopposed in 2020. Both Greene and Gaetz are vocal promoters of former U.S. President Donald Trump, who incited the attack on the Capitol with a disinformation campaign falsely alleging the election was stolen via a mass-scale voter fraud conspiracy. Four people died that day, and three police officers who defended the Capitol died in the days after. Roughly 140 police officers were injured, some seriously. As a result of this violence, Trump has been banned by mainstream social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.;https://www.snopes.com/tag/matt-gaetz/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2021/05/28/gop-blocks-bipartisan-probe-of-deadly-jan-6-riot-at-capitol/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2021/05/17/gaetz-associate-pleads-guilty-to-sex-trafficking-charges/,https://twitter.com/RepMattGaetz/status/1398270079788228609,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/gaetz.jpg,https://www.c-span.org/video/?511537-1/representatives-matt-gaetz-marjorie-taylor-greene-hold-rally,https://www.npr.org/2021/05/10/995285714/a-look-at-the-gop-from-inside-a-matt-gaetz-marjorie-taylor-greene-rally,https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/08/21/qanon-2020-election/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/greene-qanon-house-trump-republicans/2021/01/30/321b4258-623c-11eb-ac8f-4ae05557196e_story.html,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/marjorie-taylor-greene-qanon-house-seat-georgia/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/noose-hung-outside-capitol/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-officer-suicides-capitol-riot/2021/02/11/94804ee2-665c-11eb-886d-5264d4ceb46d_story.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/capitol-police-riot-republicans-senate/2021/05/27/ba6dfa24-bee9-11eb-9c90-731aff7d9a0d_story.html,https://www.wci360.com/more-than-140-officers-injured-in-capitol-riot-chiefs-testify/#:~:text=Washington%2C%20DC%20(WorkersCompensation.com,the%20attack%20on%20the%20Capitol.,https://www.axios.com/platforms-social-media-ban-restrict-trump-d9e44f3c-8366-4ba9-a8a1-7f3114f920f1.html;Did Matt Gaetz Say ‘We Better Use’ the 2nd Amendment When Discussing Social Media Companies?;Matt Gaetz;;;;; +23;;;;Originated as Satire;Nur Ibrahim;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/eric-carle-very-hungry-caterpillar/;Children’s book author and artist Eric Carle said his publisher forced him to add the stomachache scene to “The Very Hungry Caterpillar.” He also added that such a scene “ran entirely contrary to the message of the book.”;2021-05-28;snopes;;In late May 2021, famed children’s book artist and author Eric Carle died at the age of 91. Soon after his death, Twitter users shared a quote purportedly from an interview with Carle, claiming that he fought with his publisher against putting in a certain scene in his famous book “The Very Hungry Caterpillar.” The quote in question spread across the internet, and in it he reportedly said the scene involved the caterpillar getting a stomachache. Carle’s alleged reasoning: Many pointed to the quote coming from a 2015 interview in literary magazine The Paris Review. But this item was not a factual recounting of real-life events. The article originated from a page that describes its output as being humorous or satirical in nature. The article was posted on April 1, 2015, as part of a parody issue called “Introducing The Paris Review for Young Readers.” As the “interview” gained traction, The Paris Review addressed it in a tweet: The Paris Review also placed a disclaimer above the article in question: “This piece was published as part of an April Fool’s post in 2015, entitled “Introducing The Paris Review for Young Readers.” It is a fictional interview, and intended purely as a parody. It is not intended to communicate any true or factual information, and is for entertainment purposes only.” It took some time for Twitter users to catch on that Carle never said these words, especially after he was erroneously quoted by the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian also issued a correction stating, “This article previously presented a quote from a satirical Paris Review article as fact. The quote has been removed.” For background, here is why we sometimes write about satire/humor.;https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/26/books/eric-carle-dead.html,https://twitter.com/CrappyFumes/status/1397923108527370265/photo/1,https://www.theparisreview.org/the-art-of-fiction-carle,https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/04/01/the-paris-review-for-young-readers/,https://www.theparisreview.org/the-art-of-fiction-carle,https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remembering-childrens-book-artist-and-author-eric-carle-180977845/,https://www.snopes.com/notes/why-we-include-humor-and-satire-in-snopes-com/;Did Eric Carle Say Publishers Made Him Add Stomachache Scene to ‘The Very Hungry Caterpillar’?;;;;;; +24;;;;False;Dan Evon;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/maxine-waters-george-floyd-memorial-day/;"U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters introduced a bill to rename Memorial Day to ""George Floyd Day.""";2021-05-28;snopes;;As Memorial Day approached in May 2021, a rumor started circulating on social media alleging that U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters had introduced a bill to rename the federal holiday to “George Floyd Day”: Waters did not introduce any bills to rename Memorial Day.  This piece of text, which read: “Maxine Waters just introduced a bill to re-name Memorial Day George Floyd Day. Are you FRICK’N kidding me?” was repeated verbatim across a wide range of colorful backgrounds. No matter how many times this message was repeated, and no matter how vibrant of a background was used, this rumor remained utterly false.  A list of bills that have been introduced in Congress can be seen at Congress.gov. This government website also allows users to sort these bills by politicians. When we go to the page for Waters, we can see that the California politician has sponsored or co-sponsored a number of bills in 2021 — such as legislation that would “provide better care and outcomes for Americans living with Alzheimer’s disease” and “to allow Americans to earn paid sick time” — but Waters has not introduced legislation that would result in the renaming of Memorial Day.  Waters did co-sponsor the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021, but that bill had nothing to do with the annual federal holiday. The George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021, which would address “a wide range of policies and issues regarding policing practices and law enforcement accountability,” was passed by the House in March 2021, but has not yet received a vote in the U.S. Senate.;https://www.snopes.com/tag/george-floyd/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/maxine-waters-memorial-day-george-floyd-false.jpg,https://www.congress.gov/,https://www.congress.gov/member/maxine-waters/W000187?searchResultViewType=expanded,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3354?s=1&r=1,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2465?s=1&r=8,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1280?s=3&r=29;Is Maxine Waters Changing ‘Memorial Day’ to ‘George Floyd Day’?;George Floyd;;;;; +25;;;;False;Dan Evon;2021-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/did-ted-cruz-eat-a-fly/;A video shows U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz eating a fly.;2021-05-28;snopes;;In May 2021, a video supposedly showing Republican U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz swallowing a fly during an appearance on Fox News went viral on social media: This is not a genuine video of the Texas politician eating a fly. This video was digitally edited to make it look as if there was a fly on Cruz’s face (and then in his mouth). In the original video, you’ll see no fly.  This clip comes from an appearance on the Fox News show “Hannity” on June 27, 2019, when the senator had to take a sip of water to clear his throat. While we don’t know why Cruz’s voice was hoarse at this moment, it wasn’t because he ate a fly. The original clip can be seen at around the 25-second mark of the following video: For one reason or another, the internet loves it when a fly lands on a politician. After a vice presidential debate in 2020, one of the most discussed topics was the fly that landed on the head of Mike Pence for nearly two minutes. The common house fly has managed to steal the political spotlight a few other times, as they have bothered President Barack Obama, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and former President Donald Trump.  The “fly-on-a-politician’s-head” trope is so popular that some netizens have even taken to doctoring images and videos. In addition to the video above that supposedly showed Cruz eating a fly, a fake photo of a fly on the shoulder of Supreme Court Judge Amy Coney Barrett was circulated during her confirmation hearing.;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/obama-fly-lip-image/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rt5ghbGZ-Is,https://abc7news.com/donald-trump-hair-fly-lands-in-trumps/1356307/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/amy-coney-barrett-fly/;Did Ted Cruz Eat a Fly?;Sen. Ted Cruz;;;;; +26;;;;False;Nur Ibrahim;2021-05-27;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giant-moon-blocking-sun-arctic/;A video shows a gigantic moon moving over the Arctic sky, eclipsing the sun, and disappearing, all in just 30 seconds.;2021-05-27;snopes;;A video showing a gigantic moon rolling across the Arctic sky and briefly blocking out the sun has gone viral, with many claiming it is real. The moon in the video is very large, and appears to be extremely close to earth, moving at an unnaturally fast speed across the sky.  The video went viral around the same time that many people in parts of the world saw the first total lunar eclipse in more than two years. At the same time, on May 26, 2021, the world encountered a Super Flower Blood Moon.  A “blood moon” occurs when the moon takes on a red hue as it aligns with the sun and Earth and passes fully into Earth’s shadow. The moon is also at its closest point in its orbit to the earth, making it appear larger and brighter than normal, earning it the title “super.” The first full moon in the month of May is also given the title “flower moon.” But the video in question appeared to defy all scientific explanation. A number of people shared the video with the same message attached, claiming that it was taking place “between Russia and Canada in the Arctic.” A few red flags that told us this video is a fake: First, there is no reflection of the moon in the lake below it. Also, according to NASA, the closest the moon can approach the earth is an average distance of about 226,000 miles (363,300 kilometers), and realistically at this time the moon only appears slightly larger than it normally does.  The video makes the moon look like it is rolling unnaturally close to the earth, without the photographer zooming in, which is how most photographs or videos of this nature are taken.  The creator of this video appears to be TikTok user @aleksey__nz, whose account showcases CGI (computer generated imagery) celestial bodies placed over scenes on earth. One video even shows an exploding moon.  The user seems to be experimenting with CGI animation and creating fantastical scenarios, and the above video is one such scenario. Given that the video is clearly a creative exercise in CGI, we rate this claim as “False.”;https://www.facebook.com/groups/441227163449213/permalink/802269580678301/,https://www.npr.org/2021/05/26/1000452074/if-you-didnt-look-up-this-morning-heres-what-you-missed?utm_term=nprnews&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr,https://www.npr.org/2021/05/26/1000452074/if-you-didnt-look-up-this-morning-heres-what-you-missed?utm_term=nprnews&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr,https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/super-flower-blood-moon-what-it-means-and-will-chicago-residents-be-able-to-see-it/2518553/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/441227163449213/permalink/802269580678301/,https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/922/what-is-a-supermoon/#:~:text=Its%20closest%20point%20is%20the,where%20we%20get%20a%20%22supermoon,https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/922/what-is-a-supermoon/#:~:text=Its%20closest%20point%20is%20the,where%20we%20get%20a%20%22supermoon,https://www.tiktok.com/@aleksey__nz/video/6966459424219073798?_d=secCgYIASAHKAESMgowyOhbkWUB6p3r7kpbQs8SCiJe0OgMXOJ8Kq10G7Vh75y9vfzJurSLjVesJB15a%2FalGgA%3D&language=en&preview_pb=0&sec_user_id=MS4wLjABAAAAaNf63RNpxs-GTrxJuBbNHk3OnMFYfSWywGWurA4jDaQIbEfnOvTFuutEev2nIhAP&share_app_id=1233&share_item_id=6963129421117132038&share_link_id=AE321CA2-3765-4194-9EA2-F18A1DAA6E31&source=h5_m×tamp=1622043979&tt_from=copy&u_code=d7khej9l9016eg&user_id=6725662259903235078&utm_campaign=client_share&utm_medium=ios&utm_source=copy&_r=1&is_copy_url=1&is_from_webapp=v1;Does Video Show Giant Moon Blocking the Sun Over the Arctic?;;;;;; +27;;;;False;Kim LaCapria;2018-02-06;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/kim/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/new-facebook-algorithm-26-friends/;A new Facebook algorithm only shows posts from about two dozen friends in your newsfeed.;2018-02-06;snopes;;In December 2017, rumors that a new Facebook algorithm was restricting the number of friends whose content appears in users’ newsfeeds hit the social media network:  Although the content and claim were largely the same, another version of this rumor that spread a month later held that the algorithm specifically pared down the content in a user’s newsfeed to posts from either 25 or 26 friends: Some versions even claimed, inaccurately, that we had verified the purported new Facebook algorithm (“Does Facebook limit friends to 25?”) exists: The truth is that no one seems to know exactly how Facebook’s algorithms work. Slate described the manner in which the social media network determines the order of content in any feed as “surprisingly inelegant, maddeningly mercurial, and stubbornly opaque.” The rumors followed on the heels of an 11 January 2018 Facebook blog post that addressed changes to the service related to changes in the content mixture that users could expect to see in their newsfeeds: However, these changes were described as affecting content generated by businesses and publishers, not individual friends and family members, and the only disclosures made about those changes were that they were intended to increase (not limit) interactions with friends and family: We contacted Facebook to ask whether the claim of limiting personal interactions had merit, and a representative told us that the rumor held no water (which is in keeping with our own observations). As with other viral posts aiming to “trick” Facebook’s algorithm, this rumor is both misguided and ineffective.;https://www.snopes.com/tag/facebook-algorithms/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2018/02/facebook-26-algorithm.png,http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/cover_story/2016/01/how_facebook_s_news_feed_algorithm_works.html,https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/01/news-feed-fyi-bringing-people-closer-together/,https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104413015393571,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/facebook-posts-made-public/;Does a New Facebook Algorithm Only Show You 26 Friends?;;;;;; +28;;;;What's False;David Mikkelson;2013-05-28;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/snopes/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/memorial-day/;Memorial Day began with a May 1865 ceremony held by former slaves to honor Union war dead.;2013-05-28;snopes;;"The custom of holding observances (including the laying of flowers on burial sites) to remember and honor those who gave their lives in military service goes back many hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In the United States, that custom has long since been formalized in the creation of Memorial Day (formerly known as Decoration Day), a federal holiday observed on the last Monday in May to remember the men and women who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces. Traditionally, every year the President of the United States (or, in his absence, another high-ranking government official) visits Arlington National Cemetery on Memorial Day to honor all those Americans who have died in military service to their country by participating in a symbolic wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns: In a formal sense, the modern Memorial Day originated with an order issued in 1868 by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, the commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, for the annual decoration of war graves: In a literal sense, it was not until 1971 that Memorial Day was established as a federal holiday by Congress. Regardless of when Decoration Day (or Memorial Day) may have been officially established, though, debate continues to this day regarding exactly when and where the first observance of this nature was held in the United States. In May 1966 the city of Waterloo, New York, was designated as the “Birthplace of Memorial Day” via a Congressional resolutions and presidential proclamation commemorating a patriotic observance held in that town one hundred years earlier: Nonetheless, dozens of other places still lay claim, based on a variety of criteria, to being the true birthplace of the modern Memorial Day, and more recent historical studies have concluded that all of those claims (including Waterloo’s) are apocryphal: The multiplicity of sites that have claimed Memorial Day birthplace status for themselves are not all in the North; many contenders are Southern cities that were part of the Confederacy during the Civil War: In his book Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, Professor David W. Blight made the case for Charleston, South Carolina, as Memorial Day’s birthplace, as that city was the site of an obscure (possibly suppressed) May 1865 event held at a racetrack turned war prison, during which freedmen properly reburied hundreds of Union dead found there and then held a ceremony to dedicate the cemetery: Although contemporaneous accounts from the Charleston Daily Courier describe and document the 1865 ceremony that took place there, and the event was one the earliest known observances similar to what we would now recognize as Memorial Day, whether it was truly the first such ceremony, and what influence (if any) it might have had on later observances, are still matters of contention. Professor Blight termed it “the first Memorial Day” because it predated most of the other contenders, but he noted he has no evidence that it led to General Logan’s call for a national holiday in 1868: “I’m much more interested in the meaning that’s being conveyed in that incredible ritual than who’s first,” he said. In their 2014 book The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday, Dr. Richard Gardiner and Daniel Bellware concluded that credit for the origins of Memorial Day should likely rest with a group of women in Columbus, Georgia known as the Ladies Memorial Association, who beginning in 1866 held an annual observance originally called “Memorial Day,” then subsequently referred to as “Confederate Memorial Day” after (as referenced above) northerners co-opted the event in 1868 and established their own Memorial Day.";http://www.va.gov/opa/speceven/memday/history.asp,http://www.waterloony.com/mdayhistory.html,http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=27618;The Origins of Memorial Day;memorial day, slavery;;;;; +29;;;;False;Nur Ibrahim;2020-12-21;;snopes;https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/;https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/dr-creep-predict-coronavirus-2013/;Dr. Creep, a rapper, predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in his 2013 song “Pandemic,” where he sang: “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.”;2020-12-21;snopes;;A rapper named Dr. Creep predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in a song, if the internet’s conspiracy theories are to be believed. Much like other stories we have covered about coronavirus predictions, we found this one to be untrue. Numerous posts online honed in on one particular lyric from his 2013 song “Pandemic.” The lyric says, “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.” One conspiracy theorist argued: “I find it rather hard to believe the somewhat aptly named Dr Creep wasn’t somehow passed a drop of advance information from a mystery someone on the inside.” The specific lyrics can be heard around the 1:07 mark: But Dr. Creep himself denied that he predicted the pandemic. In March 2020, he posted on his Facebook page that the lyrics were “more of a coincidence than a prediction as I don’t feel I was ‘trying’ to predict anything, I just rapped about what I was watching.” The story of a novel coronavirus was indeed reported on back in 2013 by numerous outlets including the World Health Organization (WHO). But it was not the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also named COVID-19, that began in 2019. Given that Dr. Creep himself denied that he made a prediction, we rate this claim as “False.”;https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/farmers-almanac-predict-covid-19/,http://themindlessfreaks.blogspot.com/2020/04/dr-creep-pandemic-music-video-predicts.html,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.facebook.com/DrCreep.Creepbhill/posts/2656791964443326,https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/mar/15/coronavirus-next-global-pandemic,https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20121221/en/;Did Musician Dr. Creep Predict the COVID Pandemic in a 2013 Song?;COVID-19;;;;; diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index 4544377..56d2896 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,50 +1,31 @@ ,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-26,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%ae%d8%b7-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9/,"""هذا المقطع المتداول يعود تاريخه لعام ٢٠٢٠ وهو لحريق خط مواد بترولية على طريق الإسماعيلية في مصر""",2021-05-26,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع المتداول يعود تاريخه لعام ٢٠٢٠ وهو لحريق خط مواد بترولية على طريق الإسماعيلية في مصر""",,,,,, -1,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-25,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%b7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%85/,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود لعام 2020 لجنازة في قرية بطحة محافظة قنا المصرية والصوت فيه مفبرك""",2021-05-25,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود لعام 2020 لجنازة في قرية بطحة محافظة قنا المصرية والصوت فيه مفبرك""",,,,,, -2,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-24,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b5%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d9%88/,"""هذا المقطع المتداول يُصور احتفالية في صعيد مصر والصوت الموجود فيه تم تركيبه""",2021-05-24,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع المتداول يُصور احتفالية في صعيد مصر والصوت الموجود فيه تم تركيبه""",,,,,, -3,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-24,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85/,"""لم يتم حذف رمز العلم الفلسطيني من قائمة لوحة مفاتيح أجهزة الأندويد""",2021-05-24,fatabyyano,,,,"""لم يتم حذف رمز العلم الفلسطيني من قائمة لوحة مفاتيح أجهزة الأندويد""",,,,,, -4,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-23,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85-%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8/,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة قديمة وتعود لعام 2018 لقدم جندي في مشاة البحرية الأمريكية""",2021-05-23,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة قديمة وتعود لعام 2018 لقدم جندي في مشاة البحرية الأمريكية""",,,,,, -5,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-23,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b4%d8%ba%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%aa/,"""هذا المقطع المتداول يعود إلى أعمال شغب في مدينة تونس مؤخرًا وليس لشاب فلسطيني""",2021-05-23,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع المتداول يعود إلى أعمال شغب في مدينة تونس مؤخرًا وليس لشاب فلسطيني""",,,,,, -6,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-22,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%af-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3/,"""مشاهد هذا المقطع غير حقيقية وتعود بالأصل إلى لعبة محاكاة الكترونية “Arma 3”""",2021-05-22,fatabyyano,,,,"""مشاهد هذا المقطع غير حقيقية وتعود بالأصل إلى لعبة محاكاة الكترونية “Arma 3”""",,,,,, -7,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-21,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2019-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7/,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود لعام 2019 لنشر القوات التركية الجيش على الحدود السورية""",2021-05-21,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود لعام 2019 لنشر القوات التركية الجيش على الحدود السورية""",,,,,, -8,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-21,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1/,"""هذه الصورة لإضاءة برج الساعة في شارع الحبيب بورقيبة في تونس بعلم فلسطين مفبركة""",2021-05-21,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة لإضاءة برج الساعة في شارع الحبيب بورقيبة في تونس بعلم فلسطين مفبركة""",,,,,, -9,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-21,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2014-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a8/,"""هذا المقطع المتداول قديم ويعود لمظاهرة عام 2014 في باريس""",2021-05-21,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع المتداول قديم ويعود لمظاهرة عام 2014 في باريس""",,,,,, -10,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-21,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a3%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b6%d8%a6-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86/,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة مفبركة ،وأهرام الجيزة لم تتم إضاءتها بعلم فلسطين""",2021-05-21,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة مفبركة ،وأهرام الجيزة لم تتم إضاءتها بعلم فلسطين""",,,,,, -11,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-21,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a/,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة قديمة لمظاهرة في إندونيسيا عام 2016 ضد حاكم جاكرتا""",2021-05-21,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة قديمة لمظاهرة في إندونيسيا عام 2016 ضد حاكم جاكرتا""",,,,,, -12,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-21,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b8%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ac%d8%a7/,"""هذه الصورة قديمة وتظهر أضواء طائرة بجانب نيزك في المكسيك وليس سقوط قمر صناعي في المغرب""",2021-05-21,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة قديمة وتظهر أضواء طائرة بجانب نيزك في المكسيك وليس سقوط قمر صناعي في المغرب""",,,,,, -13,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-20,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a8-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2/,"""هذه الصورة مفبركة وتعود للاعب ميسي عام 2007 يدعم فيها عمه""",2021-05-20,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة مفبركة وتعود للاعب ميسي عام 2007 يدعم فيها عمه""",,,,,, -14,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-20,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%8b%d8%a7/,"""هذه صور شاب من مصر وهو لم يمت وما زال على قيد الحياة""",2021-05-20,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه صور شاب من مصر وهو لم يمت وما زال على قيد الحياة""",,,,,, -15,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-20,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%af%d9%82-%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9/,"""هذا تصميم خيالي ولا تعود الصورة إلى فندق في سنغافورة""",2021-05-20,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا تصميم خيالي ولا تعود الصورة إلى فندق في سنغافورة""",,,,,, -16,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-19,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b8%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%8a/,"""هذه الصورة مفبركة وتظهر الصورة الأصلية دعم رونالدو لمدينة لوركا عام 2011""",2021-05-19,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة مفبركة وتظهر الصورة الأصلية دعم رونالدو لمدينة لوركا عام 2011""",,,,,, -17,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-19,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86/,"""صورة الممثلة العالمية كريستين ستيوارت بالوشاح الفلسطيني مفبركة""",2021-05-19,fatabyyano,,,,"""صورة الممثلة العالمية كريستين ستيوارت بالوشاح الفلسطيني مفبركة""",,,,,, -18,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-19,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9%d8%8c-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b6%d8%a3/,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة مفبركة، وبرج القاهرة لم تجر إضاءته بعلم فلسطين""",2021-05-19,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة مفبركة، وبرج القاهرة لم تجر إضاءته بعلم فلسطين""",,,,,, -19,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-18,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%87%d8%a8/,"""هذه الصور قديمة وتعود إلى العراق ولم يعثر على الذهب بعد انحسار نهري دجلة والفرات""",2021-05-18,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصور قديمة وتعود إلى العراق ولم يعثر على الذهب بعد انحسار نهري دجلة والفرات""",,,,,, -20,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-18,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2017-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85/,"""هذا المقطع تاريخ يعود لعام 2017 والشخص الموجود في المقطع ليس رئيس السنغال""",2021-05-18,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع تاريخ يعود لعام 2017 والشخص الموجود في المقطع ليس رئيس السنغال""",,,,,, -21,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-18,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%88%d9%84/,"""هذا المقطع يعود لعملية إطلاق نار في كولومبيا وليس له علاقة بمدينة اللد""",2021-05-18,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع يعود لعملية إطلاق نار في كولومبيا وليس له علاقة بمدينة اللد""",,,,,, -22,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-18,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d8%b8%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87%d9%85/,"""هذا المقطع قديم يعود لعام 2019 ولا علاقة له بجائحة كورونا أو تخلص الهنود من عبادة أصنامهم""",2021-05-18,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم يعود لعام 2019 ولا علاقة له بجائحة كورونا أو تخلص الهنود من عبادة أصنامهم""",,,,,, -23,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-17,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b0-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%b9/,"""هذا المقطع قديم ومنشور منذ ثلاثة أشهر على الأقل في جنوب سيناء ، والصوت تم تركيبه على المقطع""",2021-05-17,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم ومنشور منذ ثلاثة أشهر على الأقل في جنوب سيناء ، والصوت تم تركيبه على المقطع""",,,,,, -24,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-17,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86/,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة مفبركة، والصورة الأصلية تحوي شعار شريك اللاعب ليونيل ميسي""",2021-05-17,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة المتداولة مفبركة، والصورة الأصلية تحوي شعار شريك اللاعب ليونيل ميسي""",,,,,, -25,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-17,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b0-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a7/,"""هذا المقطع المتداول ،منشور منذ مارس ٢٠٢٠ لجنازة وهمية ساخرة في الأردن""",2021-05-17,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع المتداول ،منشور منذ مارس ٢٠٢٠ لجنازة وهمية ساخرة في الأردن""",,,,,, -26,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-15,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88-%d8%a5%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a8%d8%b1/,"""فيديو إعلان وزير الطاقة السوداني قطع إثيوبيا إمداد الكهرباء عن السودان مفبرك""",2021-05-15,fatabyyano,,,,"""فيديو إعلان وزير الطاقة السوداني قطع إثيوبيا إمداد الكهرباء عن السودان مفبرك""",,,,,, -27,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-15,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%85/,"""هذه صورة معالجة ومعدلة للقمر وليست حقيقية ولم تصدر عن وكالة ناسا""",2021-05-15,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه صورة معالجة ومعدلة للقمر وليست حقيقية ولم تصدر عن وكالة ناسا""",,,,,, -28,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-15,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8/,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود إلى عمليات تدريبية في الصين وليس لتفجير مصنع كيماويات في نير عوز""",2021-05-15,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود إلى عمليات تدريبية في الصين وليس لتفجير مصنع كيماويات في نير عوز""",,,,,, -29,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-15,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%87-%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2011-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82/,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود تاريخه لعام 2011 في قرية مجدل شمس شمال هضبة الجولان""",2021-05-15,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود تاريخه لعام 2011 في قرية مجدل شمس شمال هضبة الجولان""",,,,,, -30,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-14,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b9%d8%a9/,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود إلى مطاردة سريعة في أمريكا وليس في اللد""",2021-05-14,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم ويعود إلى مطاردة سريعة في أمريكا وليس في اللد""",,,,,, -31,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-13,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%86%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b8-%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1/,"""هذه الصورة قديمة ونفى محافظ شمال سيناء خبر استقبال الجرحى الفلسطينيين""",2021-05-13,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة قديمة ونفى محافظ شمال سيناء خبر استقبال الجرحى الفلسطينيين""",,,,,, -32,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-13,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9/,"""هذه الصور تعود لمشروع النهر الصناعي العظيم في ليبيا ولا علاقة لها بصحراء سيناء المصرية""",2021-05-13,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصور تعود لمشروع النهر الصناعي العظيم في ليبيا ولا علاقة لها بصحراء سيناء المصرية""",,,,,, -33,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-12,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86/,"""هذه الصورة تعود إلى مواجهات قديمة في لبنان وليست في تونس""",2021-05-12,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة تعود إلى مواجهات قديمة في لبنان وليست في تونس""",,,,,, -34,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-11,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5/,"""هذا الفيديو قديم والأشخاص فيه لا يحطمون الأصنام لأنها لم تساعدهم في الشفاء من فيروس كورونا""",2021-05-11,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا الفيديو قديم والأشخاص فيه لا يحطمون الأصنام لأنها لم تساعدهم في الشفاء من فيروس كورونا""",,,,,, -35,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-11,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b0-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6/,"""يعود هذا المقطع إلى عملية إنقاذ عبر طائرة مروحية في أمريكا وليس في مصر""",2021-05-11,fatabyyano,,,,"""يعود هذا المقطع إلى عملية إنقاذ عبر طائرة مروحية في أمريكا وليس في مصر""",,,,,, -36,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-10,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b8%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b7-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ae-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2013-%d9%88%d9%84/,"""هذا المقطع يظهر سقوط صاروخ روسي عام 2013 ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-10,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع يظهر سقوط صاروخ روسي عام 2013 ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -37,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-10,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b8%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b9-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b2%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%81%d8%b9-%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1/,"""هذا المقطع يظهر رجوع معززات الدفع لصاروخ ناسا وليس سقوط الصاروخ الصيني في البحر الاسود""",2021-05-10,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع يظهر رجوع معززات الدفع لصاروخ ناسا وليس سقوط الصاروخ الصيني في البحر الاسود""",,,,,, -38,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-10,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a/,"""هذه الصورة عمل فني ولا تعود إلى لحظة سقوط الصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-10,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة عمل فني ولا تعود إلى لحظة سقوط الصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -39,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-09,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84/,"""هذا الفيديو يبين مشاهد قديمة لأحداث تعود إلى سوريا وبغداد ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-09,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا الفيديو يبين مشاهد قديمة لأحداث تعود إلى سوريا وبغداد ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -40,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-09,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%b5%d9%8f%d9%88%d9%91%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2015-%d8%8c-%d9%88%d9%84/,"""هذا المقطع قديم صُوّر في اليمن عام 2015 ، ولا علاقة له بالمغرب أو سقوط الصاروخ الصيني الشارد""",2021-05-09,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم صُوّر في اليمن عام 2015 ، ولا علاقة له بالمغرب أو سقوط الصاروخ الصيني الشارد""",,,,,, -41,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-08,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-2019-%d8%8c-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%84/,"""هذا المقطع قديم يعود لعام 2019 ، ولا علاقة له بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني الخارج عن السيطرة""",2021-05-08,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع قديم يعود لعام 2019 ، ولا علاقة له بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني الخارج عن السيطرة""",,,,,, -42,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-08,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88-%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%91%d8%b1-%d8%b8%d9%87%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%83-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7/,"""هذا الفيديو قديم يصوّر ظهور نيزك في سماء العراق ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-08,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا الفيديو قديم يصوّر ظهور نيزك في سماء العراق ولا علاقة له بالصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -43,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-08,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a3-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%af-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%82%d9%88/,"""هذا المقطع مجتزأ من عدة مشاهد وليس لسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-08,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع مجتزأ من عدة مشاهد وليس لسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -44,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-07,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84/,"""هذه الصور تعود لحريق في الهند وليس له علاقة بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-07,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصور تعود لحريق في الهند وليس له علاقة بسقوط الصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -45,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-07,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%82%d8%b7-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af/,"""هذه الصور قديمة وتعود لأحداث مختلفة ليس لها علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-07,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصور قديمة وتعود لأحداث مختلفة ليس لها علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -46,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-06,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b9-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%81%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%b3/,"""هذا المقطع يعود لانفجار مركبة “SpaceX” الأمريكية وليس له علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""",2021-05-06,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذا المقطع يعود لانفجار مركبة “SpaceX” الأمريكية وليس له علاقة بالصاروخ الصيني""",,,,,, -47,OTHER,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-06,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%87%d8%b0%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-1944-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82/,"""هذه الصورة تعود إلى روسيا عام 1944 ولا علاقة لها بمصر""",2021-05-06,fatabyyano,,,,"""هذه الصورة تعود إلى روسيا عام 1944 ولا علاقة لها بمصر""",,,,,, -48,FALSE,,,,fatabyyano,2021-05-05,,fatabyyano,,https://fatabyyano.net/%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%85-8%d8%af%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%a8%d9%84-%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b0/,"""مدينة أوشوايا لا تصوم 8 دقائق بل الصيام فيها يتجاوز الـ10 ساعات""",2021-05-05,fatabyyano,,,,"""مدينة أوشوايا لا تصوم 8 دقائق بل الصيام فيها يتجاوز الـ10 ساعات""",,,,,, +0,,,,What's False,Bethania Palma,2021-06-01,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/amazon-sidewalk-share-wifi/,Amazon Sidewalk will automatically share Wi-Fi with neighbors without permission.,2021-06-01,snopes,,"In late May 2021, Snopes readers emailed with questions about news reports that Amazon Sidewalk, a Wi-Fi-operated device network-sharing system being launched by online shopping mammoth Amazon, would automatically share Wi-Fi with neighbors without customers’ permission. “Trying to confirm validity of Amazon Sidewalk which could share some internet bandwidth with neighbors without permission,” one reader wrote, for example. “Is Amazon Sidewalk going to automatically share bandwidth with neighboring devices without permission?” a second reader wrote. The truth is a bit nuanced. Yes, Amazon did opt in devices that are eligible for Amazon Sidewalk, but customers can likewise choose to opt out. And if you are on Amazon Sidewalk, that doesn’t mean your Wi-Fi is shared with all of your neighbors. A small portion of Wi-Fi bandwidth will be shared only with other Amazon Sidewalk customers. We will explain more in detail below. Technology site CNET described Amazon Sidewalk as “a long-range wireless network capable of keeping things connected even when they’re outside the typical range of home Wi-Fi.” According to Amazon: Sidewalk is intended to beef up Amazon’s network of Wi-Fi-operated devices so that they will work even outside the range of the device owner’s home Wi-Fi. Per CNET: It’s true that when Amazon Sidewalk goes live on June 8, 2021, customers that own eligible Sidewalk Bridge devices will be automatically opted in, initially. But they also have the option of opting out at any time. According to Amazon, Sidewalk Bridge devices provide connections to Amazon Sidewalk network, and these devices are: Amazon spokesman Jeremy Bartram told Snopes in an email that the company began notifying Amazon customers with eligible devices, so they could evaluate whether they wanted to change their preferences before Amazon Sidewalk goes online. Yes, but not all neighbors and only a small portion of your Wi-Fi bandwidth. According to Amazon, Sidewalk will enable Wi-Fi sharing only between customers who own Sidewalk-connected Amazon devices. It will also share a fraction of a customer’s Wi-Fi. Bartram told us that, “when you share your Bridge’s connection with Sidewalk, total monthly data used by Sidewalk, per account, is capped at 500MB, which is equivalent to streaming about 10 minutes of high definition video.” Bartram said Amazon took multiple security measures including three layers of encryption on data and measures to prevent customers from viewing other customers’ data. More details on security measures can be viewed here.","https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/amazon-sidewalk-launches-june-8-with-support-for-tile-trackers/,https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Sidewalk/b?ie=UTF8&node=21328123011#:~:text=The%20benefits%20of%20Amazon%20Sidewalk,to%20you%20and%20your%20neighbors.,https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Sidewalk/b?ie=UTF8&node=21328123011,https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/sidewalk/privacy_security_whitepaper.pdf",Is Amazon Sidewalk Going To Share Wi-Fi with Neighbors Without Permission?,,,,,, +1,,,,Context,Dan MacGuill,2021-06-01,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kamala-harris-long-weekend/,"In 2021, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris tweeted ""Enjoy the long weekend"" before Memorial Day.",2021-06-01,snopes,,"In May and June 2021, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris received criticism, primarily from right-leaning opponents, for a tweet she purportedly posted on May 29, 2021, the Saturday before that year’s Memorial Day on Monday, May 31.  The New York Post, for example, reported that: For its part, Fox News reported that: On Facebook, right-wing commentators responded with outrage. Benny Johnson posted a video in which he said Harris was, in her tweet, “spitting on the graves of our fallen,” while Mark Kaye said: Facebook users, primarily critical of Harris’ tweet, enthusiastically shared screenshots of it over the course of the weekend, as shown below: Those criticisms referred to an authentic tweet. On May 29, Harris did indeed tweet “Enjoy the long weekend” from the @VP account, along with a photograph of herself smiling. As such, we are issuing a rating of “Correct Attribution.” However, this was far from the extent of her pronouncements on Memorial Day weekend in 2021. At 7 a.m. EST on May 30, Harris wrote on Twitter: And on Memorial Day itself at 5:18 p.m. EST, Harris posted what appeared to be a photograph of Arlington National Cemetery, along with the following message: Between Harris’s May 30 tweet about the “service and sacrifice” of members of the U.S. armed forces and June 1, Johnson published no fewer than eight Facebook posts and videos castigating her “Enjoy the long weekend” tweet. None of them mentioned, even in passing, that the vice president had since said much more about Memorial Day. Similarly, Kaye’s video, in which he criticized Harris for failing to mention Memorial Day, fallen service members, freedom, and so on, was posted on June 1 — after Harris had mentioned all those things in two subsequent tweets. As of June 1, neither the New York Post nor Fox News had updated their articles to include the fact that Harris posted in detail about the sacrifices of U.S. service members, and the ethos of Memorial Day, on May 30 and 31.","https://archive.is/E0JpP,https://archive.is/WwcoH,https://archive.is/Vtxn0,https://www.facebook.com/search/photos/?q=%22enjoy%20the%20long%20weekend%22%20kamala&sde=Abp4I_vF6erxJKN83L2asL-ZNs4QNrvL1CQupF82sSs31dRjA9153NWEu3AJQGvTdKIidZfberS6E637bLzrR-DRYbZI4CYCfLJuiPEOafkSGhtxcfIMKHh8VpY7tu76eD3oPKXBeqDcDXKxx9q8_MM7,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-15.32.38.png,https://archive.is/2hMcx,https://archive.is/87qWj,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-16.34.07.png,https://archive.is/74LVC,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-16.46.14.png",Did Kamala Harris Tweet ‘Enjoy the Long Weekend’ Before Memorial Day?,"Kamala Harris, memorial day",,,,, +2,,,,Scam,Jordan Liles,2021-06-01,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rayban-anniversary-sale/,Ray-Ban sunglasses are 90% off for 24 hours only in honor of the company's anniversary.,2021-06-01,snopes,,"In late May 2021, postings on social media promoted a purported 84th-anniversary sale for Ray-Ban sunglasses. The offer of 90% off supposedly only lasted for 24 hours. Ray-Ban sunglasses cost hundreds of dollars, so such a sale would mean huge savings for consumers. This was not a legitimate offer from Ray-Ban. It is a dangerous scam. It’s been going around for several years, including on Tumblr. Tweets that promoted the scam read: “Friends, the surprise is coming. Are you interested?” They appeared to involve phishing attempts that pulled follower names from a user’s follower list. This caused the scam to virally spread. The scammers appeared to gain access to social media accounts after users visited the dangerous website that appeared in this image: We strongly advise against visiting the website. Providing information to scammers could lead to identity theft and other harmful outcomes. While the image did say that the scam website was Ray-Ban’s “official website,” this was false. The 5-letter website that appeared in the social media postings began with “rb,” as in “rb—.com.” We have removed the last three letters from the website address so as to not encourage readers to visit the fake website. This was not an official Ray-Ban website. The official Ray-Ban website is ray-ban.com. The company is owned by Luxottica. As of June 1, 2021, the official Ray-Ban Twitter account had not tweeted about the resurgence of the anniversary sale scam. However, a search for past tweets showed other 5-letter scam websites that also began with “rb—.com,” except with other combinations of three letters following “rb.” Scammers have often used the ploy that major companies (like Ray-Ban) are having anniversary sales in order to trick consumers into falling into the trap. We’ve reported on a seemingly endless number of these scams in the past. For example, Aldi, Tim Hortons, Taco Bell, and Walmart have all been used in anniversary sale scams, to name a few. We’ve even seen vacation scams on Facebook for getaways to Bora Bora and Las Vegas that may have tricked people into sharing the fake giveaways. In sum, Ray-Ban nor Luxottica is not offering 90% off sunglasses for 24 hours for its 84th anniversary, or any anniversary.","https://archive.ph/tugTR,https://twitter.com/kindlestuck/status/1399529940748443650,https://www.ray-ban.com/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/does-luxottica-own-80-of-the-eyeglass-industry/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDdq2rIqAlM,https://twitter.com/ray_ban/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/company-anniversary-free-product-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/aldi-facebook-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tim-hortons-facebook-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/taco-bell-facebook-anniversary/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/walmart-anniversary-coupon-scam/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bora-bora-getaway-facebook/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/las-vegas-travel-facebook-vacation/",Are Ray-Ban Sunglasses 90% Off for an Anniversary Sale?,,,,,, +3,,,,Context,Dan MacGuill,2021-06-01,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mike-flynn-military-coup-myanmar/,"In May 2021, Michael Flynn expressed support, at least in principle, for a military coup in the United States.",2021-06-01,snopes,,"In May and June 2021, reports emerged online that Mike Flynn, former Army general, former national security advisor, an ally of former U.S. President Donald Trump, and a prominent supporter of discredited conspiracy theories, had expressed support for the idea of a military coup in the United States.  On May 30, for example, the left-leaning website Mediaite reported that: Similar articles were published by The Hill, Dallas Morning News, and Marketwatch. Those reports contained accurate descriptions of what Flynn said at a conference in Dallas, Texas, over the weekend of May 28-30, 2021. However, Flynn quickly backtracked on his remarks, writing online, “There is NO reason whatsoever for any coup in America.” As a result, we are issuing a rating of “Mixture.” The remarks in question came during a panel discussion at the “For God & Country Patriot Roundup” in Dallas, Texas, which took place between May 28 and 31, 2021. Video footage of Flynn’s comments first emerged online on May 30, which suggests that was the date on which he made them, though we have not yet been able to verify that definitively. Two separate video clips posted to Twitter show the following exchange between an unnamed audience member, and Flynn: In February, military leaders in the southeast Asian nation of Myanmar (also known as Burma), carried out a coup. It was to this that the audience member referred when he asked why “what happened in Minamar [Myanmar] can’t happen” in the United States. Flynn’s response — “No reason. I mean, it should happen” — clearly meant he was expressing support, at least in principle, for a military coup in the United States. News reports that characterized his remarks in that way were therefore accurate. However, on May 31 Flynn appeared to backtrack on those comments. On the social media platform Telegram, he wrote: Sidney Powell, an attorney who represents Flynn, confirmed for Snopes that @RealGenFlynn is an authentic Telegram account and that the May 31 message was composed by Flynn himself. In writing, “There is no reason it (a coup) should happen here (in America),” Flynn was not “repeating” his response at the conference. In reality, he said the opposite at the conference. But it remains the case that, shortly afterwards, he clearly articulated opposition to the idea of a military coup in the United States. As a result of this backtrack, we are issuing a rating of “Mixture.”","https://archive.is/F2j28,https://archive.is/UeBE2,https://archive.is/vBHWc,https://archive.is/9lUeW,https://archive.is/6GRN7,https://archive.is/KeCBI,https://archive.is/21Go3,https://archive.is/e2bDu,https://archive.is/pLwOM,https://archive.is/E6IUP,https://archive.is/kLCGy,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Screenshot-2021-06-01-at-09.42.55.png",Did Mike Flynn Say Myanmar-Style Military Coup ‘Should Happen’ in US?,,,,,, +4,,,,False,Bethania Palma,2021-06-01,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/popeyes-drive-through-sign/,"A Popeyes restaurant in Lake Saint Louis, Missouri, hung a sign telling its customers it was under new management that would reserve the right to refuse service to white people.",2021-06-01,snopes,,"A sign stating that a Popeyes fast food restaurant franchise in Lake St. Louis, Missouri was under new management and would reserve the right to refuse to serve white people sparked controversy on social media in late May 2021. A Facebook post containing a photograph of the sign caused many viewers to believe it was a real policy. But Lake St. Louis police stated that the sign wasn’t posted by anyone associated with the restaurant. They are looking for the people responsible in a trespassing and potential vandalism investigation. Police stated that earlier in the month, several drive-through menu signs were also spray painted. A photograph of the sign was posted to Facebook on May 27, 2021, where it was widely seen, sparking angry replies: Surveillance video from the restaurant, posted by Lake St. Louis police, showed what appeared to be two men drive up to the drive-through in a black car. One man appeared to get out from the passenger side. Although what he did can’t be seen in the video, police stated they believe the men are the ones who posted the sign. “I can confirm that they are not affiliated with the business (employee, former employee or any other affiliation),” Lake St. Louis Police Chief Chris DiGiuseppi said in an email to Snopes. “The sign was placed, pictures were taken then someone removed the sign. We are unsure how long it was up and the sign was not recovered (by us or Popeyes).” The motive is currently unknown, so police are asking anyone with information to call in tips at 636-625-8018.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4046676912093198&set=a.637719816322275&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/lslpd/photos/a.1417744138534742/2718880958421047,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4046676912093198&set=a.637719816322275&type=3,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-1.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/lslpd/videos/516303056215368",Did Popeyes Hang a Sign Saying They Will Refuse To Serve White People?,,,,,, +5,,,,Context,Dan Evon,2021-06-01,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/trump-pride-month/,Former U.S. President Donald Trump officially recognized Pride Month during his presidency.,2021-06-01,snopes,,"On June 1, 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden issued a presidential proclamation in recognition of the LGBTQ community for Pride Month. When outlets such as The Independent reported this news, they noted that Biden’s predecessor, Donald Trump, issued no such proclamations during his tenure in office: It’s true that Trump never issued a presidential proclamation in recognition of Pride Month. We searched the National Archives database of proclamations, as well as the Trump White House archives, and found no proclamations issued in honor of Pride Month. In June 2020, NBC News reported that Trump had issued proclamations designating June as “National Homeownership Month, Great Outdoors Month, and Caribbean-American Heritage Month,” but never as Pride Month.  While Trump never issued an official proclamation for Pride Month, he was the first sitting Republican president to publicly recognize Pride Month, albeit in a less official manner. In May 2019, Trump posted a series of tweets to “celebrate LGBT Pride Month and recognize the outstanding contributions LGBT people have made to our great Nation.”  These tweets are no longer available online, as Trump was kicked off of the social media platform in early 2021 amid fears that he would incite further violence after the attack on the U.S. Capitol. An archived version of the tweets is available and the text is reproduced below: This message was also released as a statement from the White House. Although Trump was the first Republican president to recognize Pride Month in this tweet, contemporaneous news articles noted that this message was posted even as Trump’s administration worked to rescind federal protections from transgender individuals: Former U.S. President Bill Clinton was the first president to issue a proclamation for Pride Month. On June 11, 1999, Clinton issued “Proclamation 7203: Gay and Lesbian Pride Month,” which read: Clinton’s successor, George W. Bush, did not officially recognize Pride Month during his tenure in office. Annual presidential proclamations for Pride Month resumed in 2009 with the election of President Barack Obama.","https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/biden-trump-pride-month-b1857542.html,https://www.federalregister.gov/presidential-documents/proclamations,https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/president-trump-misses-pride-month-third-time-n1222441,https://www.snopes.com/tag/jan-6-capitol-protests/,https://archive.is/uaUnQ,https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-from-the-president-9/,https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/davidmack/trump-pride-month-tweet-anti-lgbt-record,https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-7203-gay-and-lesbian-pride-month-1999,https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/presidential-proclamation-lgbt-pride-month",Did Trump Officially Recognize Pride Month During His Presidency?,"lgbtq, Pride Month",,,,, +6,,,,False,Dan Evon,2021-06-01,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/101-dalmatians-swastika/,"A swastika can be seen in Perdita's fur pattern in the 1961 Disney movie ""101 Dalmatians.""",2021-06-01,snopes,,"In May 2021, as a new live-action film about Disney’s iconic antagonist Cruella de Vil hit theaters, an old image that supposedly showed a swastika in the dotted fur pattern of the canine character Perdita in the 1961 animated movie “101 Dalmatians” recirculated: This is not a genuine still from the movie “101 Dalmatians.” The swastika-like pattern shown above does not appear in the original film. This image was edited to make it look as if there is a dotted pattern on Perdita’s fur resembling a swastika.  We viewed a copy of “101 Dalmatians” available via Disney Plus and can confirm that this swastika pattern does not appear in the official version of the film. A clip of this scene is also available via YouTube. It’s clear that Perdita, in the blue collar on the left, does not have dots shaped in the form of a swastika on her fur: The fake “101 Dalmatians” swastika image has been circulating since at least 2015 when the website Hexjam included it in an article about “subliminal messages you never noticed in Disney movies.” The images included in this article were all fakes, however, and featured far-fetched jokes such as a dwarf smoking a marijuana cigarette in “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” and former U.S. President George W. Bush’s face appearing in “Alice in Wonderland.” Hexjam noted at the top of the article that viewers probably never noticed these images because they didn’t actually appear in the Disney films. This is not the first time a digitally edited still from a Disney movie has been created to make it seem as if the animators had secretly slipped a tasteless joke into a PG movie. “Toy Story 3,” for example, does not feature a hidden image of oral sex, “The Lion King” doesn’t feature a hidden image of breasts, and “Monsters Inc.” does not feature a drawing of sex. For a few brief seconds in VHS copies of the 1977 movie “The Rescuers,” however, a topless woman truly did make an appearance.","https://baklol.com/baks/Funny/15-Disney-Subliminal-Messages--_209/101-Dalmatians-Nazi-Symbol--_32252,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/101-dalmatians.jpg,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/06/101-dalmatian-comparison.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20150919233704/http://www.hexjam.com/uk/entertainment-/9-outrageous-subliminal-messages-you-never-noticed-in-disney-movies,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toy-story-3-hidden/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/lion-king-sand-dunes/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/monsters-inc-sex-drawing/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-rescuers-topless/",Does a Swastika Appear in Disney’s ‘101 Dalmatians’?,"Disney Films, nazi symbols, swastika",,,,, +7,,,,Context,Madison Dapcevich,2021-05-30,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/megalodon-stalk-a-cruise-ship/,A video captured in late May 2021 showed a megalodon shark stalking a cruise ship.,2021-05-30,snopes,,"A video shared to the social media platform TikTok on May 25, 2021, showed what appeared to be an extremely large shark — perhaps the now-extinct supergiant megalodon — circling a ship.  Originally uploaded by musician Alex Albrecht, the video was said to have been captured while sailing in the Atlantic Ocean. At the time of this writing, the video had been liked more than 4.8 million times.  The magnitude of the shark’s size was made visible by its comparison to the people standing along the deck of the ship, prompting some users to suggest the seemingly impossible: that the animal in question was a now-extinct marine giant that once swam the ancient seas, a megalodon. Nicknamed “The Meg” by a 2018 science-fiction flick of the same name, the megalodon clocks in as the world’s largest shark. Megalodon fossils date back to 20 million years ago, and not only was the megalodon (scientific name Otodus megalodon) the largest shark on Earth, but the Natural History Museum reported that it was also one of the largest fish to ever exist — measuring up to 36 feet in length and three times longer than the white shark. It is important to note that estimates of megalodon size are not definitive, as a complete fossil specimen has never been found.  The megalodon went extinct around 3.8 million years ago. As such, other TikTok users suggested that the shark in the video may have been a basking shark, the second largest fish in the world, second only to the whale shark, according to the oceanic conservation group Oceana. Snopes spoke with John McCosker, the chairman of aquatic biology at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, who said that the animal in the TikTok was indeed a “big shark,” but was likely not a basking shark.  “It is probably a white shark (to call it a great white shark is just hyperbolic), which exists in those waters. I suspect that it is as large as 18 feet, but there is no way to calculate accurately from that photo,” said McCosker.  A look through the scientific literature confirmed what McCosker said. The white shark, scientific name Carcharodon carcharias, can weigh up to 6,600 pounds and grow to a maximum size of around 20 feet in length, noted Oceana. (However, the Smithsonian Institute reports that average female measures around 16 feet long, while males typically reach about 13 feet.)   “Great white sharks are opportunistic predators, feeding from the ocean’s surface to the seafloor. As great white sharks grow in size, so does the range of their prey,” said Oceana. “Smaller great whites prey on fish, rays, and crustaceans and when they are larger also eat seals, sea lions, dolphins, seabirds, marine turtles, rays, and other sharks.” What remains unclear is why the shark was circling the ship in the first place. Snopes contacted the original poster of the video, Albrecht, to receive more information about where the video was taken but did not receive a response in time for publication. We will update the article accordingly if we hear back.","https://archive.vn/Xh9KF,https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4779682/,https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/megalodon--the-truth-about-the-largest-shark-that-ever-lived.html,https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays/basking-shark,https://usa.oceana.org/fun-facts-about-great-white-sharks,https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/how-big-are-great-white-sharks,https://usa.oceana.org/fun-facts-about-great-white-sharks",Did a Megalodon Stalk a Cruise Ship?,,,,,, +8,,,,What's Undetermined,Madison Dapcevich,2021-05-30,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/asparagus-prevents-hangover/,A study showed eating asparagus before drinking alcohol can prevent or alleviate the effects of hangover.,2021-05-30,snopes,,"From hangover-free liquor to eating dry yeast, the internet has tried to help fight hangovers for decades. And yet another hangover “cure” went viral in May 2021 after a Twitter user shared a photo of an asparagus bunch on May 22. A tag attached to the vegetable bundle told consumers, “Eating asparagus before you start drinking can help protect your liver. Its minerals and amino acids not only protect the liver from toxins, the enzymes in asparagus can help break down the alcohol and alleviate hangovers.” That claim can be traced back to a 2009 study published in the Journal of Food Science by the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), a forum of science and food professionals. Based on the evidence presented in the research, we determined this claim to be a mixture due to the fact that the scientists found that asparagus extract helped to alleviate the effects of alcohol in cultured human cells — not actual humans. While these findings suggested that consuming asparagus could help alleviate the effects of an alcohol hangover and protect the liver against some toxins, it is unknown whether eating asparagus in its pure form before, after, or while drinking alcohol will immediately help soothe a hangover, and if so, to what extent. The researchers credit Asparagus officinalis, the species of asparagus they used in the 2009 study, for anti-cancer effects, as well as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic properties. Its roots and shoots consist of health-promoting plant compounds like flavonoids, carbohydrates known as oligosaccharides, and protein-building amino acid derivatives. To determine whether A. officinalis might also be considered a “supplement for the alleviation of alcohol hangover,” researchers at the Institute of Medical Science and Jeju National University in Korea analyzed components of young asparagus shoots and leaves to compare the biochemical effect on human and rat liver cells — not humans. The researchers collected asparagus from several different farms in Korea, air-dried the shoots and leaves from young plants and then extracted their compounds and injected them into rat and human cells that had been cultured in Petri dishes (known as HepG2), some of which contained the key chemical found in alcohol, ethanol. (For comparison, the asparagus extract was also compared with two commercial hangover drinks available on the market at the time, Condition and Dawn808, for controls.) Chronic alcohol use can cause oxidative stress on the liver, which is responsible for metabolizing ethanol through two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Higher concentrations of a metabolite of ADH called acetate can cause toxic effects of alcohol — also known as hangover symptoms. But when treated with asparagus extract, these two enzymes worked nearly twice as effectively to essentially detoxify the liver cells. “Cellular toxicities were significantly alleviated in response to treatment with the extracts of asparagus leaves and shoots,” said lead researcher B.Y. Kim in a news release at the time of the study. “These results provide evidence of how the biological functions of asparagus can help alleviate alcohol hangover and protect liver cells.” Although the scientists did not compare other species of asparagus, they note that the antioxidant activity of A. officinalis observed in this study was “potent enough” to provide biochemical evidence that asparagus may alleviate alcohol hangover and protect liver cells against toxins. They also noted that asparagus leaves, which are normally chucked out, contain higher levels of amino acids and inorganic mineral contents that could also be therapeutically beneficial. Snopes contacted the IFT to determine if there have been additional or more recent studies regarding whether asparagus can help to alleviate the effects of a hangover. However, we did not hear back from the organization.  In short, a 2009 study held promise for treating hangovers, but it did not necessarily provide conclusive evidence that eating asparagus will cure — or prevent — hangovers. Your best bet? Health experts recommend staying hydrated, replacing lost vitamins and, unfortunately, just waiting it out.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/01/19/hangover-free-north-korea/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/yeast-alcohol-drunk/,https://twitter.com/John_Nissan/status/1396173476700979200,https://archive.vn/Qs3pu,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x,https://www.ift.org/,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b11,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b23,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b13,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01263.x#b22,https://www.atcc.org/products/hb-8065,https://www.newswise.com/articles/eating-asparagus-may-prevent-a-hangover#:~:text=According%20to%20a%202009%20study,protect%20liver%20cells%20against%20toxins.,https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-support/hangover-cures/",Can Asparagus Prevent Hangovers?,,,,,, +9,,,,What's False,Dan MacGuill,2021-05-30,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pennsylvania-miscarriage-fine/,"Pennsylvania House Bill 118 of 2021 would fine women who have a miscarriage, or force them to pay for a fetal death certificate.",2021-05-30,snopes,,"In May 2021, a Democratic U.S. Senate candidate from Pennsylvania posted a widely shared condemnation of state lawmakers who she claimed had “voted to fine women who miscarry,” as well as forcing them to apply for a fetal death certificate: Val Arkoosh, chairwoman of the Montgomery County Board of Commissioners and one of several Democratic candidates seeking to replace retiring Republican U.S. Sen. Pat Toomey, posted the same message to Facebook on May 25, and offered further details in a short Instagram video, in which she said the bill in question: Arkoosh did not stipulate the legislation to which she was referring and did not respond to an inquiry from Snopes, but she appears to have had in mind Pennsylvania House Bill 118, which was one of three pieces of legislation voted through by a Republican majority on the House Health Committee earlier that day. HB 118 did not introduce a fine for women who have a miscarriage, nor did it introduce a requirement for them to pay for, or obtain, a fetal death certificate. The specific claims made by Arkoosh, in her widely shared tweet, were therefore inaccurate. However, the legislation did propose introducing new requirements and expanding existing ones for healthcare providers. If implemented, HB 118 could require healthcare providers to bury or cremate any and all fetal remains after a miscarriage or abortion, no matter how early in the pregnancy, and to file a fetal death certificate with the state of Pennsylvania, on penalty of a fine or even imprisonment. The process of filing a fetal death certificate is very likely to involve consultation and discussion with women who may strongly prefer not to take any part in discussions about such arrangements, and therefore HB 118 was likely, if implemented, to multiply the trauma inflicted on such women, in the state of Pennsylvania. We are therefore issuing a rating of “Mostly False.” Obligations on Healthcare Providers and Patients Under existing Pennsylvania law, specifically Article V of the Vital Statistics Law of 1953, healthcare providers are required to take a number of actions in the event of a fetal death, whether through miscarriage, abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. Firstly, they must file a fetal death certificate within four business days. Secondly, after the death is officially registered, they must apply for a “permit for disposal” and dispose of the remains. If an adult has died, these steps are typically taken by a funeral director, in collaboration with family members. But in the event of a fetal death, it’s a healthcare provider who typically registers the death and disposes of the fetal remains.  Pennsylvania law does not require patients to file a fetal death certificate or obtain a copy of one. That’s where Arkoosh’s tweet was mistaken. However, the process for a healthcare provider to take those steps is likely to require the involvement of the patient, and could well be traumatizing for her.  For example, Section 501 of the Vital Statistics Law states that, in the context of preparing and filing a fetal death certificate: The “person best acquainted with the facts” is likely, in many cases, to be the patient herself, meaning healthcare providers — in order to discharge their own legal obligations as best they can — are realistically obliged to consult the patient and discuss the fetal death with her. So while it’s not accurate to say women who have a miscarriage or abortion are “forced to fill out” a fetal death certificate application, as Arkoosh claimed, they are effectively forced to take part in the filling out of a fetal death certificate. For reasons we will outline, HB 118 could greatly increase the prevalence of that involuntary participation in completing fetal death certificates. Expansion of Obligations Importantly, the Vital Statistics Law defines “fetal death” as follows: Therefore, under existing Pennsylvania law, the certification and disposal requirements associated with a fetal death do not apply where the loss of pregnancy takes place before 16 weeks gestation. By contrast, HB 118, sponsored by State Rep. Francis Ryan, a Republican, removes that gestational age parameter from its definition of fetal death, as follows: By removing the 16-week threshold from the definition of fetal death, HB 118 appears to require healthcare providers to file a fetal death certificate for any and all fetal remains, no matter how early in the pregnancy. Most abortions take place early in pregnancies. In Pennsylvania in 2019, for example, almost 29,000 of the 31,000 abortions in the state that year (92%) happened before 14 weeks gestational age. Furthermore, it is estimated that around 80% of miscarriages take place within the first 12 weeks of a pregnancy (although some women undergo miscarriages at home rather than in a healthcare setting). For these reasons, it is fair to assume that HB 118 would, if implemented, quite significantly increase the administrative burdens on healthcare providers involved in pregnancy loss, in the state of Pennsylvania. Furthermore, given the fact that filing a fetal death certificate is likely to require discussion and consultation with patients, as outlined above, it is also reasonable to assume that HB 118 would, if implemented, significantly multiply the trauma inflicted upon women who undergo a miscarriage or abortion, and do not wish to take part in fetal death registration or related discussions. A measure of confusion exists over the wording of HB 118, and its consequences. HB 118 does not explicitly amend the existing definition of “fetal death” in the Vital Statistics Law, so it’s not clear which definition would take precedence — the existing one, which relates only to fetal deaths after 16 weeks gestational age, or the new one, which has no gestational age parameters and would expand the certification requirements from a minority of cases to all fetal deaths.  In a news release, Ryan’s office insisted that HB 118 “does not require a death certificate” and suggested that the 16-week rule stemmed from the federal U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as follows: This is inaccurate. The CDC does not require recording of fetal deaths after 16 weeks, and such recording requirements vary from state to state. It is particularly unusual that Ryan would attribute the 16-week rule to the CDC, when the definition of “fetal death” in his own legislation clearly appears to have been taken from the definition found in the Vital Statistics Law — the wording is almost identical, but with the phrase “after sixteen (16) weeks gestation” removed.  Snopes asked a spokesperson for Ryan about this, and asked whether he supported keeping the 16-week floor for fetal death certificates and disposal requirements, but we did not receive a response.   Given that Ryan’s definition of “fetal death” has almost the exact same wording as the one found in the Vital Statistics Law, the new definition appears to be an amendment of the old one, in all but name.  HB 118 would introduce a new requirement for healthcare providers to either bury or cremate fetal remains, no matter how early the pregnancy loss takes place, and no matter the cause. Under existing law, healthcare providers are obliged to obtain a disposal permit after 16 weeks gestational age, but there is no specific requirement for the manner in which a healthcare provider disposes of fetal remains (provided the disposal is otherwise lawful), and such remains are sometimes disposed of as medical waste.  Specific requirements do exist, in the context of abortions, for the examination and disposal of tissue extracted during first and second-trimester abortions.  HB 118 would change that. In Section 3(b), the bill lists the obligations it would place on “health care facilities.” Among them is “Cremate or inter the fetal remains.” Because HB 118 defines “fetal remains” as “the fetus expelled or extracted” in a fetal death, it would include cases of miscarriage. So Ryan’s bill would take Pennsylvania law from requiring certain protocols for the examination and disposal of tissue after abortions, including disposal as medical waste, to now requiring burial or cremation for all fetal remains, at any gestational age, no matter the cause. This burial/cremation requirement follows similar laws recently introduced in several other states, including Indiana, whose 2016 legislation was signed into law by then-Gov. Mike Pence. In 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Indiana’s fetal remains law, after a challenge from Planned Parenthood and others.  Importantly, the burial/cremation rule in HB 118 would also appear to trigger a requirement to file a death certificate for all fetal remains. Here’s how: Thus, HB 118 creates an obligation to bury or cremate all fetal remains, no matter the gestational age or cause of death.  Therefore, HB 118 would appear to indirectly trigger a requirement for a fetal death certificate to be filed for every fetal death. So, if Ryan’s new, all-inclusive definition of “fetal death” is used or takes precedence, HB 118 would require a fetal death certificate for all fetal deaths in two ways: However, while the requirement to bury or cremate any and all fetal remains comes from HB 118, the requirement to file a death certificate in order to get a burial permit comes from the Vital Statistics Law and, as we have already outlined, that particular legislation defines “fetal death” as only including fetal deaths after 16 weeks gestation. So again we are faced with the discrepancy between the existing definition of “fetal death” and the new one proposed in HB 118.  Finally, HB 118 would also introduce new criminal penalties for healthcare providers. Section 4 of the bill states that:  Article IX of that law states, in turn, that: So, under HB 118, a healthcare provider who fails to properly certify a fetal death, or disposes of fetal remains in any way other than burial or cremation, could face fines of up to $300, and if they don’t pay those fines, they could in principle be sent to jail for up to one month. On May 25, members of the House Health Committee voted 15-10, along party lines, to pass HB 118 and report it for consideration by the entire General Assembly. The bill is opposed by various pro-choice groups including the ACLU, Women’s Law Project, and Planned Parenthood.","https://archive.is/b88Hj,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-25.png,https://archive.is/8j3zn,https://www.facebook.com/valarkooshpa/posts/133701898821948,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPTBwBdDRvC/,https://archive.is/gtkU6,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526021723/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/PDF/1953/0/0066..PDF,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526021723/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/PDF/1953/0/0066..PDF,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526035543/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2021&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0118&pn=0086,https://web.archive.org/web/20210304001031/https://www.health.pa.gov/topics/HealthStatistics/VitalStatistics/Documents/Pennsylvania_Annual_Abortion_Report_2019.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/ACOG-Practice-bulletin-early-pregnancy-loss-2015.pdf,https://archive.is/Dai4x,https://web.archive.org/web/20210319175728/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr69/nvsr69-04-508.pdf,https://archive.is/Puz0T,https://archive.is/rWzCV,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526035543/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2021&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0118&pn=0086,https://archive.is/0k0HF,https://web.archive.org/web/20210428120645/https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/18pdf/18-483_3d9g.pdf,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526035543/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2021&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0118&pn=0086,https://web.archive.org/web/20210526021723/https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/US/PDF/1953/0/0066..PDF,https://archive.is/2bG6d,https://www.aclupa.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/aclu-pa_opposition_to_hb_118_pn_86_house_health_2021-05-21.pdf,https://archive.is/7p03q,https://archive.is/UjnlK",Did Pennsylvania Lawmakers Vote to Fine Women Who Have a Miscarriage?,Editor's Picks,,,,, +10,,,,Context,Bethania Palma,2021-05-30,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/grass-smiling-microscope/,An image showing a blade of grass under a microscope revealed several smiley faces.,2021-05-30,snopes,,"An image that appears to show a bunch of little “smiley faces” peering out at the viewer from under a microscope has been circulating on the internet for years. In a meme that has been shared by social media users since May 2021, the image is accompanied by a caption that reads, “This is what a blade of grass looks like under a microscope. Next time you take a walk outside, know that the grass is happy to see you.” Although we were unable to find the original source of the above image, we did locate other microscopic images of grass with similar features. A discussion about the image cropped up in 2015 on the question-and-answer site StackExchange, where a user with an anonymous profile pointed to a similar image on a science stock photo website that was captioned: Maria Morrow, assistant professor of botany and environmental science at College of the Redwoods, pointed out that the “smiley faces” are in fact vascular bundles typical in plants called monocots — plants that are only composed of one leaf, like grass. So although the above image does depict the components of a real leaf cross section under a microscope, it’s safe to say that the image doesn’t in any literal sense show a leaf “smiling” or “happy to see you.” In fact, describing these characteristics as smiley faces is a subjective call. Looking at the image included in Morrow’s article, one could argue the leaf is actually screaming at you: In other words, the “smiley faces” are just an illusion created by viewing a slice of the leaf’s round vascular bundles from above, through a microscope lens.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Screen-Shot-2021-05-26-at-8.57.48-AM.png,https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/xerophytic-grass-microscope?phrase=xerophytic%20grass%20microscope&sort=best,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xerophytic_Leaf_Cross_Section_Stained_Microscope_Slide.jpg,https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/27989/is-this-a-grass-cell/50568,https://web.archive.org/web/20160607235026/https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/30161/view,https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Book%3A_Botany_Lab_Manual_(Morrow)/08%3A_Shoot_Anatomy_and_Morphology/8.4%3A_Monocots,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Edvard_Munch%2C_1893%2C_The_Scream%2C_oil%2C_tempera_and_pastel_on_cardboard%2C_91_x_73_cm%2C_National_Gallery_of_Norway.jpg",Does Microscopic Image Show ‘Smiley Faces’ in a Blade of Grass?,,,,,, +11,,,,False,Dan Evon,2021-05-29,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/throw-saw-blade-through-2x4/,A video shows a construction worker throwing a saw blade through a two-by-four.,2021-05-29,snopes,,"One sign of a great viral video is that it continues to circulate long after it has left the limelight. In May 2021, more than a decade after this video first went viral, we received a query asking if a construction worker really threw a circular saw blade through a two-by-four: This video first went viral in 2009 and has since been viewed nearly 2 million times. Posts on Facebook over the years added hundreds of thousands additional views. But, while this video is undoubtedly popular, it’s also undoubtedly fake.  This video was created as part of a viral marketing campaign from Martin Williams Advertising for Integrity Windows and Doors from Marvin. The campaign, dubbed “The Carl and Stu Skills Challenge,”  featured five videos of suspiciously skilled construction workers. We’ve only been able to locate one other video from this campaign, which featured the tremendous tape-measuring skills of an anonymous construction worker actor: In 2010, Adweek magazine awarded Martin|Williams Advertising with the BUZZ Award. Here’s an excerpt from a news release announcing the award: According to power tool manufacturer Vermont American, a circular saw blade can spin as fast as 10,000 SFPM (surface feet per minute). We’re not sure how fast a human-thrown saw blade spins (or if it has ever been measured), but it’s not fast enough to saw through wood. In addition to spinning speeds, power tools also have the added benefit of continuing to spin after they meet resistance. Here’s a video of what it actually looks like when you throw a saw blade at a piece of wood:","https://www.facebook.com/1635082670126579/videos/1635777846723728,https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/martinwilliams-receives-buzz-award-for-integrity-windows-and-doors-viral-marketing-campaign-95050389.html,https://vermontamerican.com/circular-saw-blade-speed-chart/#:~:text=Recommended%20Operating%20Speeds%20for%20Circular,Never%20exceed%2018%2C000%20SFPM!",Can You Throw a Saw Blade Through a Two-by-Four?,,,,,, +12,,,,False,Kim LaCapria,2018-02-06,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/kim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/new-facebook-algorithm-26-friends/,A new Facebook algorithm only shows posts from about two dozen friends in your newsfeed.,2018-02-06,snopes,,"In December 2017, rumors that a new Facebook algorithm was restricting the number of friends whose content appears in users’ newsfeeds hit the social media network:  Although the content and claim were largely the same, another version of this rumor that spread a month later held that the algorithm specifically pared down the content in a user’s newsfeed to posts from either 25 or 26 friends: Some versions even claimed, inaccurately, that we had verified the purported new Facebook algorithm (“Does Facebook limit friends to 25?”) exists: The truth is that no one seems to know exactly how Facebook’s algorithms work. Slate described the manner in which the social media network determines the order of content in any feed as “surprisingly inelegant, maddeningly mercurial, and stubbornly opaque.” The rumors followed on the heels of an 11 January 2018 Facebook blog post that addressed changes to the service related to changes in the content mixture that users could expect to see in their newsfeeds: However, these changes were described as affecting content generated by businesses and publishers, not individual friends and family members, and the only disclosures made about those changes were that they were intended to increase (not limit) interactions with friends and family: We contacted Facebook to ask whether the claim of limiting personal interactions had merit, and a representative told us that the rumor held no water (which is in keeping with our own observations). As with other viral posts aiming to “trick” Facebook’s algorithm, this rumor is both misguided and ineffective.","https://www.snopes.com/tag/facebook-algorithms/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2018/02/facebook-26-algorithm.png,http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/cover_story/2016/01/how_facebook_s_news_feed_algorithm_works.html,https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/01/news-feed-fyi-bringing-people-closer-together/,https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104413015393571,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/facebook-posts-made-public/",Does a New Facebook Algorithm Only Show You 26 Friends?,,,,,, +13,,,,What's False,David Mikkelson,2013-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/snopes/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/memorial-day/,Memorial Day began with a May 1865 ceremony held by former slaves to honor Union war dead.,2013-05-28,snopes,,"The custom of holding observances (including the laying of flowers on burial sites) to remember and honor those who gave their lives in military service goes back many hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In the United States, that custom has long since been formalized in the creation of Memorial Day (formerly known as Decoration Day), a federal holiday observed on the last Monday in May to remember the men and women who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces. Traditionally, every year the President of the United States (or, in his absence, another high-ranking government official) visits Arlington National Cemetery on Memorial Day to honor all those Americans who have died in military service to their country by participating in a symbolic wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns: In a formal sense, the modern Memorial Day originated with an order issued in 1868 by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, the commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, for the annual decoration of war graves: In a literal sense, it was not until 1971 that Memorial Day was established as a federal holiday by Congress. Regardless of when Decoration Day (or Memorial Day) may have been officially established, though, debate continues to this day regarding exactly when and where the first observance of this nature was held in the United States. In May 1966 the city of Waterloo, New York, was designated as the “Birthplace of Memorial Day” via a Congressional resolutions and presidential proclamation commemorating a patriotic observance held in that town one hundred years earlier: Nonetheless, dozens of other places still lay claim, based on a variety of criteria, to being the true birthplace of the modern Memorial Day, and more recent historical studies have concluded that all of those claims (including Waterloo’s) are apocryphal: The multiplicity of sites that have claimed Memorial Day birthplace status for themselves are not all in the North; many contenders are Southern cities that were part of the Confederacy during the Civil War: In his book Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, Professor David W. Blight made the case for Charleston, South Carolina, as Memorial Day’s birthplace, as that city was the site of an obscure (possibly suppressed) May 1865 event held at a racetrack turned war prison, during which freedmen properly reburied hundreds of Union dead found there and then held a ceremony to dedicate the cemetery: Although contemporaneous accounts from the Charleston Daily Courier describe and document the 1865 ceremony that took place there, and the event was one the earliest known observances similar to what we would now recognize as Memorial Day, whether it was truly the first such ceremony, and what influence (if any) it might have had on later observances, are still matters of contention. Professor Blight termed it “the first Memorial Day” because it predated most of the other contenders, but he noted he has no evidence that it led to General Logan’s call for a national holiday in 1868: “I’m much more interested in the meaning that’s being conveyed in that incredible ritual than who’s first,” he said. In their 2014 book The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday, Dr. Richard Gardiner and Daniel Bellware concluded that credit for the origins of Memorial Day should likely rest with a group of women in Columbus, Georgia known as the Ladies Memorial Association, who beginning in 1866 held an annual observance originally called “Memorial Day,” then subsequently referred to as “Confederate Memorial Day” after (as referenced above) northerners co-opted the event in 1868 and established their own Memorial Day.","http://www.va.gov/opa/speceven/memday/history.asp,http://www.waterloony.com/mdayhistory.html,http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=27618",The Origins of Memorial Day,"memorial day, slavery",,,,, +14,,,,False,Nur Ibrahim,2020-12-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/dr-creep-predict-coronavirus-2013/,"Dr. Creep, a rapper, predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in his 2013 song “Pandemic,” where he sang: “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.”",2020-12-21,snopes,,"A rapper named Dr. Creep predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in a song, if the internet’s conspiracy theories are to be believed. Much like other stories we have covered about coronavirus predictions, we found this one to be untrue. Numerous posts online honed in on one particular lyric from his 2013 song “Pandemic.” The lyric says, “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.” One conspiracy theorist argued: “I find it rather hard to believe the somewhat aptly named Dr Creep wasn’t somehow passed a drop of advance information from a mystery someone on the inside.” The specific lyrics can be heard around the 1:07 mark: But Dr. Creep himself denied that he predicted the pandemic. In March 2020, he posted on his Facebook page that the lyrics were “more of a coincidence than a prediction as I don’t feel I was ‘trying’ to predict anything, I just rapped about what I was watching.” The story of a novel coronavirus was indeed reported on back in 2013 by numerous outlets including the World Health Organization (WHO). But it was not the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also named COVID-19, that began in 2019. Given that Dr. Creep himself denied that he made a prediction, we rate this claim as “False.”","https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/farmers-almanac-predict-covid-19/,http://themindlessfreaks.blogspot.com/2020/04/dr-creep-pandemic-music-video-predicts.html,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.facebook.com/DrCreep.Creepbhill/posts/2656791964443326,https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/mar/15/coronavirus-next-global-pandemic,https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20121221/en/",Did Musician Dr. Creep Predict the COVID Pandemic in a 2013 Song?,COVID-19,,,,, +15,,,,True,Dan Evon,2021-05-29,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/andre-the-giant-bigfoot/,"A photograph shows wrestler André the Giant portraying Bigfoot on the show ""Six Million Dollar Man"" in 1976.",2021-05-29,snopes,,"Though André René Roussimoff, better known as André the Giant, spent the majority of his career fighting battles in the ring for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he also had some memorable movie roles. He appeared in an episode of “Zorro,” he played the friendly Fezzik in “The Princess Bride,” and, according to a popular internet photo, appeared as Bigfoot (or Sasquatch) in an episode of “The Six Million Dollar Man.”  This is a genuine photo of André the Giant as Bigfoot and Lee Majors as Col. Steve Austin on the set of a 1976 episode of “The Six Million Dollar Man.”  André appeared as Bigfoot in a two-part episode of “The Six Million Dollar Man” called “The Secret of Bigfoot.” Author Michael Krugman writes in his 2009 book “Andre the Giant: A Legendary Life” that this was the iconic wrestler’s acting debut: While the photo of André the Giant as Bigfoot is real, this version of Bigfoot on the “Six Million Dollar Man” wasn’t your average mythical beast. It’s revealed in the episode (45-year spoiler alert!) that the Bigfoot portrayed by André the Giant was actually a robot built by aliens. Majors’ character makes this discovery while grappling with the beast. Here’s a clip from this memorable moment: This episode can be watched in its entirety on NBC.","https://www.reddit.com/r/OldSchoolCool/comments/nlgnzv/1976_andre_the_giant_appeared_as_bigfoot_on_six/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/bigfoot-andre-the-giant.jpg,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/the-secret-of-bigfoot-part-i-bionic-woman-crossover-season-news-photo/93748058?irgwc=1&esource=AFF_GI_IR_TinEye_77643&asid=TinEye&cid=GI&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=TinEye&utm_content=77643,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Andre_the_Giant/u8RNM7QmEqkC?hl=en&gbpv=1,https://www.nbc.com/the-six-million-dollar-man/video/the-secret-of-bigfoot-part-1/3762493",Did André the Giant Play Bigfoot on TV?,,,,,, +16,,,,True,Dan MacGuill,2021-05-29,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/watermelon-oklahoma-vegetable/,"As of May 2021, Oklahoma's officially designated state vegetable was the watermelon.",2021-05-29,snopes,,"In May 2021, social media users enthusiastically shared a Twitter post that presented an odd factoid: “Oklahoma’s official state vegetable is a watermelon.” It was posted on May 24, by the Twitter account @UberFacts, and also proved popular on Facebook, and the online forum Reddit. That core claim was accurate. The watermelon is designated, in law, as the official state vegetable of Oklahoma. We’re issuing a rating of “True.” That official designation came about in 2007. Two lawmakers — Democratic State Rep. Joe Dorman and Republican State Sen. Don Barrington — sponsored House Bill 1669, which proposed adding a new section to the Oklahoma statutes, declaring that “The watermelon is hereby designated and adopted as the official vegetable of the State of Oklahoma.” In March, the House passed the bill 78-19, and the Senate did likewise, in a 44-2 vote. On April 24, then-Gov. Brad Henry, a Democrat, signed the bill into law. As of May 2021, Sec. 25-98.15 of the Oklahoma Statutes states: “The watermelon is hereby designated and adopted as the official vegetable of the State of Oklahoma.” The move caused controversy at the time and attracted a measure of national and international news coverage. Dorman’s home town of Rush Springs describes itself as “The Watermelon Capital of the World” and hosts an annual watermelon festival, an indication that his push for the designation was not purely motivated by an interest in botany or agriculture. A poll of readers of The Oklahoman newspaper found that 89 percent did not consider the watermelon a vegetable.  Before HB 1669 was signed into law, a fiscal impact report addressed the dispute over how the watermelon should be classified, as follows: The watermelon, specifically Citrullus lanatus, the species cited in the fiscal impact report, is undoubtedly a fruit. In botany, a fruit is defined as the matured ovary of a plant, or its contents, and the watermelon fits that description.  The term “vegetable,” on the other hand, is not so precisely defined. It is often described as any edible portion of a plant — a wide net that would include fruits and nuts, for example — but some definitions specify that vegetables include only parts of a plant that are not fruits or nuts (for example leaves, roots, and flowers).  So depending on your interpretation, the watermelon is either exclusively a fruit, or both a fruit and vegetable — the latter interpretation being favored by Dorman and Barrington, back in 2007. For the record, the official state fruit of Oklahoma is the strawberry.  In 2015, Nathan Dahm, a Republican state senator, attempted to remove the watermelon as the official vegetable of Oklahoma. In February of that year, he introduced Senate Bill 329, which would have repealed the statute in question. However, the bill never advanced to a vote, and ultimately died on the vine, so to speak.","https://archive.is/5QalJ,https://www.facebook.com/search/photos/?q=%22official%20state%20vegetable%20is%20the%20watermelon%22&sde=AbqJcKhAQCSbrhkIuhHqLFQrzIte-8Wbx2JqPuEqECe9tR8a1XtEI327HmXs4vuPuuVvZyo2pjn7xOhWa8knXm_9PrIAuFFBxeBt0CexGi57jznGd1RKcr63vua9Y7w5mC4BYHrnZGXWFsr6ofwTunYulPGm9eA5sWWion-qft7HejJKhN7FGKK_SD5uSY6-6D5NwmK1ptqtKbarNJy4e9P81ByNhVM-V_7CGBELctVUMFpoLMSe400tR7Ky2sZ8yqQ,https://archive.is/LQ0jY,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Screenshot-2021-05-25-at-10.29.44.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20201030042406/http://www.oklegislature.gov/cf_pdf/2007-08%20FLR/hflr/HB1669%20hflr.pdf,https://archive.is/dSnO4,https://web.archive.org/web/20201018104601/https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/votes_documents/votes_2007/00765.pdf,https://archive.is/nkWeT,https://archive.is/DCL6O,https://archive.is/rmKWb,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/The_Daily_Oklahoman_Fri__Apr_20__2007_.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/HB1669-INT-FI.pdf,https://archive.is/zU78W,https://archive.is/DCL6O,https://archive.is/Yh1kG,https://web.archive.org/web/20160706222405/http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2015-16%20INT/SB/SB329%20INT.PDF",Is Watermelon Oklahoma’s Official State Vegetable?,,,,,, +17,,,,True,Bethania Palma,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rick-moranis-quit-acting/,Rick Moranis left acting to raise his children after his wife died in 1991.,2021-05-28,snopes,,"In a post dated May 27, 2021, a Reddit user posted a meme praising “Ghostbusters” actor Rick Moranis not just for his comedic on-screen presence, but also for his life choices: namely leaving Hollywood to raise his children after his wife died in 1991. The meme is true. Moranis did star in the 1989 blockbuster “Honey I Shrunk the Kids.” The Canadian actor also stated that he quit acting to raise his two children after his wife, Ann, died in 1991 from breast cancer. Moranis explained the decision in a 2005 interview with USA Today: Moranis did come out of his long hiatus to make a Mint Mobile commercial with fellow Canada native Ryan Reynolds in September 2020.","https://www.reddit.com/r/MadeMeSmile/comments/nme74h/the_real_mvp/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/moranis.jpg,https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097523/,https://news.yahoo.com/rick-moranis-back-why-no-204936257.html,https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-10-12-rick-moranis_x.htm,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfpUM5Wrh2A",Did Actor Rick Moranis Quit Acting to Raise His Children?,,,,,, +18,,,,True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pink-lakes-of-australia-real/,"Australia is home to several brightly hued, natural pink lakes.",2021-05-28,snopes,,"Bubble gum pink isn’t a color reserved for just candy. In Australia, several natural-forming, brightly pink-hued lakes attract tourists from around the world every year hoping to take a peek at their out-of-this-world coloration.  And the lakes made their way around the world of the internet in late May 2021 when a user shared four photographs of the lakes to the travel Facebook group, Girls LOVE Travel.   “No way this is really that pink!” wrote Estrada. Screengrab/Facebook Yes, way. As it turns out, Australia is home to at least seven pink-hued lakes, some of which are found inland and others that are nestled against the white sand beaches of the South Pacific.    Perhaps best known is Lake Hilliar. First discovered in 1802 by navigator Matthew Flinders, the lake is located on Middle Island off of the coast of Western Australia. Like the other pink lakes of Australia, it is believed that Lake Hilliar’s vibrant pink color is the result of microalgae called Dunaliella salina. The salt-loving algae produce carotenoids — the same pigment found in carrots — that could help to explain how the lake gets its pink color. According to a 1987 study published in the Journal of Arid Environments, the water of some lakes can turn pink during the warm and dry months of the year when brine concentrations are highest. As water evaporates from the surface of the lake, and the body of water increases in salinity, D. salina develops its reddish pigment.  Researchers with the U.S.-based Extreme Microbiome Project, a scientific effort to characterize extremophiles and novel organisms, studied sediment and water samples from the lake to better understand the organisms that call it home.  “While the pink color is thought to be caused by salt-loving algae, the actual microbial composition of the lake is unknown,” wrote Ken McGrath, national sequencing manager at the Australian Research Facility. “The analysis revealed a surprising range of microbial diversity in the lake, and indicates that many algal, bacterial, and archaeal halophiles contribute to the persistent pigmentation of this pink paradise.” McGrath and his team genetically sequenced organisms found in the lake using what is known as metagenomics – the “fishing net” of genomics that captures everything in the sample, not just the fishing rod looking at a specific question.  A “bigger picture” of what was in the lake revealed that while D. salina is the dominant bacteria in the lake; other archaea — unicellular organisms like bacteria that make up a different branch of the tree of life — were also found in abundant numbers, including salt-loving species and subspecies. That same year, SciShow host Hank Green described this process as a special adaptation that allowed these microscopic organisms to survive in an otherwise inhospitable environment.   Though the exact mechanism behind Australia’s pink lakes is not completely known, scientists are beginning to understand how such hues can be found naturally on Earth.","https://www.australia.com/en-us/things-to-do/nature-and-national-parks/australias-pink-lakes.html,https://www.facebook.com/groups/GirlsLOVETravel/permalink/1835979343413047,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Screen-Shot-2021-05-28-at-3.49.49-PM.png,https://www.facebook.com/groups/GirlsLOVETravel/permalink/1835979343413047,https://hillierlake.com/,https://www.westernaustralia.com/en/plan_your_trip/travelstories/pages/the_amazing_pink_lakes_of_western_australia.aspx,https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?tc=accept&species_id=B883c0773f2bb66b7,https://phycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/Dunsal1/Dunsal1.home.html,https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/extreme-microbiome-project-xmp-presents-mystery-pink-lake,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140196318311790,http://extrememicrobiome.org/about/,https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/extreme-microbiome-project-xmp-presents-mystery-pink-lake,https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/extreme-microbiome-project-xmp-presents-mystery-pink-lake",Are the ‘Pink Lakes’ of Australia Real?,,,,,, +19,,,,Unproven,Nur Ibrahim,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/north-korea-ban-skinny-jeans/,"The North Korean regime has banned skinny jeans, among other “Western” fashion trends, as part of a crackdown on “anti-socialist behaviour.”",2021-05-28,snopes,,"North Korea’s leader Kim Jong-un has vowed to crack down on “anti-socialist” elements at home amid international fears that the country is continuing to build its nuclear arsenal. According to a Guardian report, this crackdown includes a ban on skinny jeans, among other fashion trends inspired by so-called “Western” culture. The Guardian report said this ban occurred after Rodong Sinmum, the official newspaper of the North Korean government, had published an article expressing concern about how young people are increasingly embracing Western fashion trends. “History teaches us a crucial lesson that a country can become vulnerable and eventually collapse like a damp wall regardless of its economic and defense power if we do not hold on to our own lifestyle,” the official newspaper said. “We must be wary of even the slightest sign of the capitalist lifestyle and fight to get rid of them.” According to South Korean broadcaster Yonhap news agency, in December 2020, North Korea toughened punishments for possession of videos made in South Korea. The report of the ban on skinny jeans appears to be sourced from Rodong Sinmum, though incidents of a crackdown on jeans and other fashion trends have been reported since mid-2020. Along with jeans, mullets, spiky and dyed hair are no longer authorized, according to documents published by the Socialist Patriotic Youth League, a youth organization under the control of the government, according to the Guardian story. In August 2020, the Daily NK—a paper based in Seoul that reports on North Korea through a network of North Korean informants—reported that North Korean authorities, including the provincial Youth League in South Pyongan province, were cracking down on “dyed hair, earrings, jeans and clothing with foreign lettering.” According to the report, authorities see wearing tight clothing as part of the “yellow wind of capitalism” and have labeled such conduct “anti-socialist behavior.” We have been unable to find the original North Korean source detailing the specific nationwide ban on skinny jeans, relying instead on the Guardian report, and older reporting from South Korean media. Like many things out of North Korea, such reports rely on second-hand sources. As such we rate this “Unproven.” We will update this rating if we receive pertinent information.","https://apnews.com/article/asia-pacific-donald-trump-socialism-business-health-9971ab0b93f3c7ebf1330d15500bd518,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210513003400325?section=nk%2Fnk,https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210513003400325?section=nk%2Fnk,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/may/26/north-korea-bans-skinny-jeans,https://www.dailynk.com/english/south-pyongan-province-cracks-down-dyed-hair-other-improper-behavior/,https://www.dailynk.com/english/faq/",Did North Korea Ban Skinny Jeans as a Symbol of ‘Capitalistic Lifestyle’?,,,,,, +20,,,,Context,Bethania Palma,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/510-foot-cheesesteak-sandwich/,Philadelphia chefs constructed a 510-foot-long cheesesteak sandwich.,2021-05-28,snopes,,"In late May 2021, friends of a South Philadelphia restauranteur decided to make his birthday one to remember by assembling a massive cheesesteak sandwich feast. News reports said the sandwich was 510 feet long, although some on social media said it was longer. To celebrate the birthday of Rene Kobeitri, the owner of Rim Cafe in South Philadelphia, local chefs assembled a 510-foot-long chain of cheesesteak sandwiches, which spanned three city blocks. The Philadelphia Metro newspaper reported that chefs from different types of restaurants constructed an international feast. “For example, Chef Christina Martinez of South Philly Barbacoa created a Mexican cheesesteak; Chef Mike McKinley of Yakitori Boy created a Japanese cheesesteak; and Chef Dian Widjojo, owner of Hardena Restaurant, created an Indonesian cheesesteak, to name a few.” Some questioned on social media whether the creation constituted a single sandwich, per se, because photographs showed that it was made out of separate sandwich buns. To be fair though, we don’t know of a way the bread could be one bun without a 510-foot-long bread oven.","https://philly.metro.us/rim-cafe-owner-celebrates-birthday-in-most-philly-way-possible/,https://philly.metro.us/rim-cafe-owner-celebrates-birthday-in-most-philly-way-possible/",Did Philly Chefs Create a 510-Foot-Long Cheesesteak Sandwich?,,,,,, +21,,,,Unproven,Dan MacGuill,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/eleanor-roosevelt-marines-quote/,"Eleanor Roosevelt once said U.S. Marines have ""the cleanest bodies, the filthiest minds, the highest morale, and the lowest morals,"" or words to that effect.",2021-05-28,snopes,,"In May 2021, readers asked Snopes to look into a popular and colorful quotation, widely attributed to Eleanor Roosevelt, in which the former first lady supposedly said the U.S. Marines have “the cleanest bodies, the filthiest minds, the highest morale, and the lowest morals of any group of animals I have ever seen.” Over the years, the quip has appeared in various places of prominence: in countless memes and in books about the history of the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC). In many cases, the quotation was dated to 1945, including a widely shared 2013 post by the official USMC Facebook page: Despite its prevalence, and despite what could be regarded as an official endorsement from the USMC itself, it remains uncertain whether Roosevelt ever actually wrote or spoke those words, and we found a few indicators that the attribution to the former first lady might well be erroneous. Until or unless definitive evidence becomes available, we are issuing a rating of “Unproven.” Snopes asked the USMC and the FDR Presidential Library and Museum to look into the provenance of the quote. Despite what appeared to be extensive research efforts, neither could locate the original source, or find evidence to support the attribution to Roosevelt.  Kirsten Carter, supervisory archivist at the FDR Library, told Snopes the quote was “out of character,” but could not necessarily be dismissed as something Roosevelt may have said: Furthermore, we found extensive evidence of the same quotation being used in reference to the U.S. Navy and American sailors. For example, in his 1996 memoir, former Naval Commander Edward Raymer wrote: The existence of this naval variant on the Roosevelt quote does not mean she never said it, or never said it about Marines, but it does raise the possibility of an old anonymous saying, popular among both sailors and Marines, later being attributed to a prominent public figure. And finally, we found definitive proof that the quotation existed before 1945. In October 1942, a group of Marine sergeants and corporals commissioned during World War II wrote a colorful letter to the editor of the Wisconsin State Journal. In it, they included the following observation: Since most examples of the Roosevelt quote have been dated to 1945, and we know for sure she didn’t say it for the first time then, it does give cause to doubt the veracity of other aspects of that citation, including the attribution to Roosevelt.  Several possibilities exist. It could be that Roosevelt did come up with the phrase, first said it before 1942, and the 1945 date is the only inaccurate component of the citation that has become popular in recent years. Equally, Roosevelt may have used the saying in a speech or letter, but she didn’t invent it, and was simply repeating an already-popular quip about Marines, only for the quotation to be incorrectly attributed to her alone. Alternatively, it may have been a popular, humorous saying about Marines and or the Navy, which was later attributed to Roosevelt in order to lend credibility and prominence to it.  As of now, we don’t have enough evidence to reach a conclusion about which scenario is true. Until such time, our rating remains “Unproven.”","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/eleanor-roosevelt-quote-liberal/,https://www.google.com/search?q=%22the+highest+morale,+and+the+lowest+morals+of+any+group%22&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS879US879&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=l5DJA4ObjnlScM%252CL24z_i7q3O3vlM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kQjiXLzPFWnyUc5wDM6Fqjf3oZCVQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZ58OvuufwAhWeFFkFHSn-C1YQ9QF6BAgcEAE&biw=1680&bih=857#imgrc=l5DJA4ObjnlScM,https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Few_and_the_Proud_Marine_Corps_Drill/eR2SAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22the+highest+morale,+and+the+lowest+morals+of+any+group%22&pg=PA253&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Boys_in_Blue_White_Dress/LQZQ0i9JSuoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=cleanest+bodies,+dirtiest+minds&pg=PA204&printsec=frontcover,https://archive.is/V5Koc,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-FEATURED-IMG-25-1.png,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pearl_Harbor/ECcuDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22cleanest+bodies+and+the+dirtiest+minds%22&pg=PA1&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Pretty_Color_Ribbons_Of_War/24RiDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22cleanest+bodies+and+the+filthiest+minds%22&pg=PT83&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dragon_Boy/tYUfEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22cleanest+bodies+and+the+dirtiest+minds%22&pg=PT106&printsec=frontcover,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Descent_into_Darkness/2FZl9mg_Kb4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=cleanest+bodies,+dirtiest+minds&pg=PT22&printsec=frontcover,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/05/Wisconsin_State_Journal_Tue__Oct_27__1942_.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/Wisconsin_State_Journal_Tue__Oct_27__1942_.jpg","Did Eleanor Roosevelt Say Marines Have ‘The Cleanest Bodies, the Filthiest Minds’?",,,,,, +22,,,,Correct Attribution,Bethania Palma,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/gaetz-second-amendment-comments/,"U.S. Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Florida, stated, ""We better use"" the Second Amendment when railing against alleged suppression of speech by social media platforms.",2021-05-28,snopes,,"During a rally on May 27, 2021, U.S. Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Florida, made remarks that earned him condemnation, particularly in light of the fact that U.S. Senate Republicans voted on May 28 to block a bipartisan committee to study the deadly Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol. Gaetz’s fellow Republican House member, U.S. Rep. Adam Kinzinger, R-Illinois, for example, accused Gaetz of inciting violence: Gaetz, who is under investigation in a federal sex trafficking probe, stated during the rally in Dalton, Georgia: Video of Gaetz’ comment can be viewed here: It’s not the first time Gaetz has made such a remark. Although he had been railing against alleged speech suppression on social media platforms, Gaetz posted a similar statement on May 28 to Twitter: He also made a similar statement on May 7, 2021, during a rally in Florida. Gaetz has been holding rallies with fellow U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Georgia, a Qanon conspiracy theory supporter who won her seat representing Georgia’s 14th Congressional District after running unopposed in 2020. Both Greene and Gaetz are vocal promoters of former U.S. President Donald Trump, who incited the attack on the Capitol with a disinformation campaign falsely alleging the election was stolen via a mass-scale voter fraud conspiracy. Four people died that day, and three police officers who defended the Capitol died in the days after. Roughly 140 police officers were injured, some seriously. As a result of this violence, Trump has been banned by mainstream social media platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.","https://www.snopes.com/tag/matt-gaetz/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2021/05/28/gop-blocks-bipartisan-probe-of-deadly-jan-6-riot-at-capitol/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2021/05/17/gaetz-associate-pleads-guilty-to-sex-trafficking-charges/,https://twitter.com/RepMattGaetz/status/1398270079788228609,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/gaetz.jpg,https://www.c-span.org/video/?511537-1/representatives-matt-gaetz-marjorie-taylor-greene-hold-rally,https://www.npr.org/2021/05/10/995285714/a-look-at-the-gop-from-inside-a-matt-gaetz-marjorie-taylor-greene-rally,https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/08/21/qanon-2020-election/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/greene-qanon-house-trump-republicans/2021/01/30/321b4258-623c-11eb-ac8f-4ae05557196e_story.html,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/marjorie-taylor-greene-qanon-house-seat-georgia/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/noose-hung-outside-capitol/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/police-officer-suicides-capitol-riot/2021/02/11/94804ee2-665c-11eb-886d-5264d4ceb46d_story.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/capitol-police-riot-republicans-senate/2021/05/27/ba6dfa24-bee9-11eb-9c90-731aff7d9a0d_story.html,https://www.wci360.com/more-than-140-officers-injured-in-capitol-riot-chiefs-testify/#:~:text=Washington%2C%20DC%20(WorkersCompensation.com,the%20attack%20on%20the%20Capitol.,https://www.axios.com/platforms-social-media-ban-restrict-trump-d9e44f3c-8366-4ba9-a8a1-7f3114f920f1.html",Did Matt Gaetz Say ‘We Better Use’ the 2nd Amendment When Discussing Social Media Companies?,Matt Gaetz,,,,, +23,,,,Originated as Satire,Nur Ibrahim,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/eric-carle-very-hungry-caterpillar/,Children’s book author and artist Eric Carle said his publisher forced him to add the stomachache scene to “The Very Hungry Caterpillar.” He also added that such a scene “ran entirely contrary to the message of the book.”,2021-05-28,snopes,,"In late May 2021, famed children’s book artist and author Eric Carle died at the age of 91. Soon after his death, Twitter users shared a quote purportedly from an interview with Carle, claiming that he fought with his publisher against putting in a certain scene in his famous book “The Very Hungry Caterpillar.” The quote in question spread across the internet, and in it he reportedly said the scene involved the caterpillar getting a stomachache. Carle’s alleged reasoning: Many pointed to the quote coming from a 2015 interview in literary magazine The Paris Review. But this item was not a factual recounting of real-life events. The article originated from a page that describes its output as being humorous or satirical in nature. The article was posted on April 1, 2015, as part of a parody issue called “Introducing The Paris Review for Young Readers.” As the “interview” gained traction, The Paris Review addressed it in a tweet: The Paris Review also placed a disclaimer above the article in question: “This piece was published as part of an April Fool’s post in 2015, entitled “Introducing The Paris Review for Young Readers.” It is a fictional interview, and intended purely as a parody. It is not intended to communicate any true or factual information, and is for entertainment purposes only.” It took some time for Twitter users to catch on that Carle never said these words, especially after he was erroneously quoted by the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian also issued a correction stating, “This article previously presented a quote from a satirical Paris Review article as fact. The quote has been removed.” For background, here is why we sometimes write about satire/humor.","https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/26/books/eric-carle-dead.html,https://twitter.com/CrappyFumes/status/1397923108527370265/photo/1,https://www.theparisreview.org/the-art-of-fiction-carle,https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/04/01/the-paris-review-for-young-readers/,https://www.theparisreview.org/the-art-of-fiction-carle,https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remembering-childrens-book-artist-and-author-eric-carle-180977845/,https://www.snopes.com/notes/why-we-include-humor-and-satire-in-snopes-com/",Did Eric Carle Say Publishers Made Him Add Stomachache Scene to ‘The Very Hungry Caterpillar’?,,,,,, +24,,,,False,Dan Evon,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/maxine-waters-george-floyd-memorial-day/,"U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters introduced a bill to rename Memorial Day to ""George Floyd Day.""",2021-05-28,snopes,,"As Memorial Day approached in May 2021, a rumor started circulating on social media alleging that U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters had introduced a bill to rename the federal holiday to “George Floyd Day”: Waters did not introduce any bills to rename Memorial Day.  This piece of text, which read: “Maxine Waters just introduced a bill to re-name Memorial Day George Floyd Day. Are you FRICK’N kidding me?” was repeated verbatim across a wide range of colorful backgrounds. No matter how many times this message was repeated, and no matter how vibrant of a background was used, this rumor remained utterly false.  A list of bills that have been introduced in Congress can be seen at Congress.gov. This government website also allows users to sort these bills by politicians. When we go to the page for Waters, we can see that the California politician has sponsored or co-sponsored a number of bills in 2021 — such as legislation that would “provide better care and outcomes for Americans living with Alzheimer’s disease” and “to allow Americans to earn paid sick time” — but Waters has not introduced legislation that would result in the renaming of Memorial Day.  Waters did co-sponsor the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021, but that bill had nothing to do with the annual federal holiday. The George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2021, which would address “a wide range of policies and issues regarding policing practices and law enforcement accountability,” was passed by the House in March 2021, but has not yet received a vote in the U.S. Senate.","https://www.snopes.com/tag/george-floyd/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/05/maxine-waters-memorial-day-george-floyd-false.jpg,https://www.congress.gov/,https://www.congress.gov/member/maxine-waters/W000187?searchResultViewType=expanded,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3354?s=1&r=1,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2465?s=1&r=8,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1280?s=3&r=29",Is Maxine Waters Changing ‘Memorial Day’ to ‘George Floyd Day’?,George Floyd,,,,, +25,,,,False,Dan Evon,2021-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/did-ted-cruz-eat-a-fly/,A video shows U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz eating a fly.,2021-05-28,snopes,,"In May 2021, a video supposedly showing Republican U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz swallowing a fly during an appearance on Fox News went viral on social media: This is not a genuine video of the Texas politician eating a fly. This video was digitally edited to make it look as if there was a fly on Cruz’s face (and then in his mouth). In the original video, you’ll see no fly.  This clip comes from an appearance on the Fox News show “Hannity” on June 27, 2019, when the senator had to take a sip of water to clear his throat. While we don’t know why Cruz’s voice was hoarse at this moment, it wasn’t because he ate a fly. The original clip can be seen at around the 25-second mark of the following video: For one reason or another, the internet loves it when a fly lands on a politician. After a vice presidential debate in 2020, one of the most discussed topics was the fly that landed on the head of Mike Pence for nearly two minutes. The common house fly has managed to steal the political spotlight a few other times, as they have bothered President Barack Obama, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and former President Donald Trump.  The “fly-on-a-politician’s-head” trope is so popular that some netizens have even taken to doctoring images and videos. In addition to the video above that supposedly showed Cruz eating a fly, a fake photo of a fly on the shoulder of Supreme Court Judge Amy Coney Barrett was circulated during her confirmation hearing.","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/obama-fly-lip-image/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rt5ghbGZ-Is,https://abc7news.com/donald-trump-hair-fly-lands-in-trumps/1356307/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/amy-coney-barrett-fly/",Did Ted Cruz Eat a Fly?,Sen. Ted Cruz,,,,, +26,,,,False,Nur Ibrahim,2021-05-27,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giant-moon-blocking-sun-arctic/,"A video shows a gigantic moon moving over the Arctic sky, eclipsing the sun, and disappearing, all in just 30 seconds.",2021-05-27,snopes,,"A video showing a gigantic moon rolling across the Arctic sky and briefly blocking out the sun has gone viral, with many claiming it is real. The moon in the video is very large, and appears to be extremely close to earth, moving at an unnaturally fast speed across the sky.  The video went viral around the same time that many people in parts of the world saw the first total lunar eclipse in more than two years. At the same time, on May 26, 2021, the world encountered a Super Flower Blood Moon.  A “blood moon” occurs when the moon takes on a red hue as it aligns with the sun and Earth and passes fully into Earth’s shadow. The moon is also at its closest point in its orbit to the earth, making it appear larger and brighter than normal, earning it the title “super.” The first full moon in the month of May is also given the title “flower moon.” But the video in question appeared to defy all scientific explanation. A number of people shared the video with the same message attached, claiming that it was taking place “between Russia and Canada in the Arctic.” A few red flags that told us this video is a fake: First, there is no reflection of the moon in the lake below it. Also, according to NASA, the closest the moon can approach the earth is an average distance of about 226,000 miles (363,300 kilometers), and realistically at this time the moon only appears slightly larger than it normally does.  The video makes the moon look like it is rolling unnaturally close to the earth, without the photographer zooming in, which is how most photographs or videos of this nature are taken.  The creator of this video appears to be TikTok user @aleksey__nz, whose account showcases CGI (computer generated imagery) celestial bodies placed over scenes on earth. One video even shows an exploding moon.  The user seems to be experimenting with CGI animation and creating fantastical scenarios, and the above video is one such scenario. Given that the video is clearly a creative exercise in CGI, we rate this claim as “False.”","https://www.facebook.com/groups/441227163449213/permalink/802269580678301/,https://www.npr.org/2021/05/26/1000452074/if-you-didnt-look-up-this-morning-heres-what-you-missed?utm_term=nprnews&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr,https://www.npr.org/2021/05/26/1000452074/if-you-didnt-look-up-this-morning-heres-what-you-missed?utm_term=nprnews&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=npr,https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/super-flower-blood-moon-what-it-means-and-will-chicago-residents-be-able-to-see-it/2518553/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/441227163449213/permalink/802269580678301/,https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/922/what-is-a-supermoon/#:~:text=Its%20closest%20point%20is%20the,where%20we%20get%20a%20%22supermoon,https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/922/what-is-a-supermoon/#:~:text=Its%20closest%20point%20is%20the,where%20we%20get%20a%20%22supermoon,https://www.tiktok.com/@aleksey__nz/video/6966459424219073798?_d=secCgYIASAHKAESMgowyOhbkWUB6p3r7kpbQs8SCiJe0OgMXOJ8Kq10G7Vh75y9vfzJurSLjVesJB15a%2FalGgA%3D&language=en&preview_pb=0&sec_user_id=MS4wLjABAAAAaNf63RNpxs-GTrxJuBbNHk3OnMFYfSWywGWurA4jDaQIbEfnOvTFuutEev2nIhAP&share_app_id=1233&share_item_id=6963129421117132038&share_link_id=AE321CA2-3765-4194-9EA2-F18A1DAA6E31&source=h5_m×tamp=1622043979&tt_from=copy&u_code=d7khej9l9016eg&user_id=6725662259903235078&utm_campaign=client_share&utm_medium=ios&utm_source=copy&_r=1&is_copy_url=1&is_from_webapp=v1",Does Video Show Giant Moon Blocking the Sun Over the Arctic?,,,,,, +27,,,,False,Kim LaCapria,2018-02-06,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/kim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/new-facebook-algorithm-26-friends/,A new Facebook algorithm only shows posts from about two dozen friends in your newsfeed.,2018-02-06,snopes,,"In December 2017, rumors that a new Facebook algorithm was restricting the number of friends whose content appears in users’ newsfeeds hit the social media network:  Although the content and claim were largely the same, another version of this rumor that spread a month later held that the algorithm specifically pared down the content in a user’s newsfeed to posts from either 25 or 26 friends: Some versions even claimed, inaccurately, that we had verified the purported new Facebook algorithm (“Does Facebook limit friends to 25?”) exists: The truth is that no one seems to know exactly how Facebook’s algorithms work. Slate described the manner in which the social media network determines the order of content in any feed as “surprisingly inelegant, maddeningly mercurial, and stubbornly opaque.” The rumors followed on the heels of an 11 January 2018 Facebook blog post that addressed changes to the service related to changes in the content mixture that users could expect to see in their newsfeeds: However, these changes were described as affecting content generated by businesses and publishers, not individual friends and family members, and the only disclosures made about those changes were that they were intended to increase (not limit) interactions with friends and family: We contacted Facebook to ask whether the claim of limiting personal interactions had merit, and a representative told us that the rumor held no water (which is in keeping with our own observations). As with other viral posts aiming to “trick” Facebook’s algorithm, this rumor is both misguided and ineffective.","https://www.snopes.com/tag/facebook-algorithms/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2018/02/facebook-26-algorithm.png,http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/cover_story/2016/01/how_facebook_s_news_feed_algorithm_works.html,https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/01/news-feed-fyi-bringing-people-closer-together/,https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104413015393571,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/facebook-posts-made-public/",Does a New Facebook Algorithm Only Show You 26 Friends?,,,,,, +28,,,,What's False,David Mikkelson,2013-05-28,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/snopes/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/memorial-day/,Memorial Day began with a May 1865 ceremony held by former slaves to honor Union war dead.,2013-05-28,snopes,,"The custom of holding observances (including the laying of flowers on burial sites) to remember and honor those who gave their lives in military service goes back many hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In the United States, that custom has long since been formalized in the creation of Memorial Day (formerly known as Decoration Day), a federal holiday observed on the last Monday in May to remember the men and women who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces. Traditionally, every year the President of the United States (or, in his absence, another high-ranking government official) visits Arlington National Cemetery on Memorial Day to honor all those Americans who have died in military service to their country by participating in a symbolic wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns: In a formal sense, the modern Memorial Day originated with an order issued in 1868 by Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, the commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, for the annual decoration of war graves: In a literal sense, it was not until 1971 that Memorial Day was established as a federal holiday by Congress. Regardless of when Decoration Day (or Memorial Day) may have been officially established, though, debate continues to this day regarding exactly when and where the first observance of this nature was held in the United States. In May 1966 the city of Waterloo, New York, was designated as the “Birthplace of Memorial Day” via a Congressional resolutions and presidential proclamation commemorating a patriotic observance held in that town one hundred years earlier: Nonetheless, dozens of other places still lay claim, based on a variety of criteria, to being the true birthplace of the modern Memorial Day, and more recent historical studies have concluded that all of those claims (including Waterloo’s) are apocryphal: The multiplicity of sites that have claimed Memorial Day birthplace status for themselves are not all in the North; many contenders are Southern cities that were part of the Confederacy during the Civil War: In his book Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, Professor David W. Blight made the case for Charleston, South Carolina, as Memorial Day’s birthplace, as that city was the site of an obscure (possibly suppressed) May 1865 event held at a racetrack turned war prison, during which freedmen properly reburied hundreds of Union dead found there and then held a ceremony to dedicate the cemetery: Although contemporaneous accounts from the Charleston Daily Courier describe and document the 1865 ceremony that took place there, and the event was one the earliest known observances similar to what we would now recognize as Memorial Day, whether it was truly the first such ceremony, and what influence (if any) it might have had on later observances, are still matters of contention. Professor Blight termed it “the first Memorial Day” because it predated most of the other contenders, but he noted he has no evidence that it led to General Logan’s call for a national holiday in 1868: “I’m much more interested in the meaning that’s being conveyed in that incredible ritual than who’s first,” he said. In their 2014 book The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday, Dr. Richard Gardiner and Daniel Bellware concluded that credit for the origins of Memorial Day should likely rest with a group of women in Columbus, Georgia known as the Ladies Memorial Association, who beginning in 1866 held an annual observance originally called “Memorial Day,” then subsequently referred to as “Confederate Memorial Day” after (as referenced above) northerners co-opted the event in 1868 and established their own Memorial Day.","http://www.va.gov/opa/speceven/memday/history.asp,http://www.waterloony.com/mdayhistory.html,http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=27618",The Origins of Memorial Day,"memorial day, slavery",,,,, +29,,,,False,Nur Ibrahim,2020-12-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/dr-creep-predict-coronavirus-2013/,"Dr. Creep, a rapper, predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in his 2013 song “Pandemic,” where he sang: “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.”",2020-12-21,snopes,,"A rapper named Dr. Creep predicted the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in a song, if the internet’s conspiracy theories are to be believed. Much like other stories we have covered about coronavirus predictions, we found this one to be untrue. Numerous posts online honed in on one particular lyric from his 2013 song “Pandemic.” The lyric says, “2020 combined with coronavirus, bodies stacking.” One conspiracy theorist argued: “I find it rather hard to believe the somewhat aptly named Dr Creep wasn’t somehow passed a drop of advance information from a mystery someone on the inside.” The specific lyrics can be heard around the 1:07 mark: But Dr. Creep himself denied that he predicted the pandemic. In March 2020, he posted on his Facebook page that the lyrics were “more of a coincidence than a prediction as I don’t feel I was ‘trying’ to predict anything, I just rapped about what I was watching.” The story of a novel coronavirus was indeed reported on back in 2013 by numerous outlets including the World Health Organization (WHO). But it was not the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also named COVID-19, that began in 2019. Given that Dr. Creep himself denied that he made a prediction, we rate this claim as “False.”","https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/farmers-almanac-predict-covid-19/,http://themindlessfreaks.blogspot.com/2020/04/dr-creep-pandemic-music-video-predicts.html,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://brendandmurphy.com/coronavirus-predicted/,https://www.facebook.com/DrCreep.Creepbhill/posts/2656791964443326,https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/mar/15/coronavirus-next-global-pandemic,https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/update_20121221/en/",Did Musician Dr. Creep Predict the COVID Pandemic in a 2013 Song?,COVID-19,,,,, From 56feb88c8de25534bfecd52b854d97d90528c12b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Thu, 22 Jul 2021 09:54:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 02/13] #15 ignore local development file + update sample file + fix extracting rating --- .gitignore | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 6cb03d5..21d5bcb 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -20,3 +20,4 @@ output_dev_fatabyyano.csv output_dev_vishvasnews.csv output_dev_aap.csv output_dev_fullfact.csv +output_dev_snopes.csv From 39f72ac6d54f638eb1de89507480d7a068cf2a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Thu, 22 Jul 2021 09:57:59 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/13] #15 ignore local development file + update sample file + fix extracting rating --- claim_extractor/extractors/snopes.py | 2 + output_got.csv | 87 +++++++++++----------------- output_sample_snopes.csv | 34 +++++++++++ 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-) create mode 100644 output_sample_snopes.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/snopes.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/snopes.py index a763fec..be3959e 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/snopes.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/snopes.py @@ -141,6 +141,8 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: if parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'article > div > div > div > div.media-body > span' ): for rating_span in parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'article > div > div > div > div.media-body > span' ): rating = rating_span.text.strip() + if (rating != ""): + break claim.rating = str(rating).replace('"', "").strip() # claim.set_rating_value( rating ) diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index 982c55c..b4e9e7e 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,55 +1,34 @@ ,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-07-21,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/,"In the UK on 1 July 2020, no one had been vaccinated against Covid-19 and there were 63 new daily cases.",2021-07-21,fullfact,,"A post on Instagram seems to imply that the vaccine is causing more Covid-19 cases, by comparing the number of new cases at the start of July 2021, with the same time last year. It correctly states that there were 27,989 new cases reported on 1 July 2021, but incorrectly suggests that there were 63 new daily cases reported on 1 July 2020 in the UK, when there were actually 829. The national Covid-19 vaccine roll-out didn’t start until 8 December. It’s true that, by 1 July 2020, 66% of the total population had received a first dose and 49% had received their second, although that population includes those under 18, who are not routinely advised to have the vaccine. The percentage of adults who had had their first and second vaccines by 1 July 2021 was 86% and 63% respectively. But to suggest then that the vaccines have not slowed transmission, or even increased it, ignores the fact that a lot of other things have changed in the year between these dates. A more transmissible strain of Covid-19 is now dominant, testing is much more prominent now, and restrictions have generally eased across the UK.  The Covid-19 vaccines are highly effective at preventing Covid-19, and at preventing hospitalisations and death following Covid-19 infection, including from the Delta variant. There’s also evidence that they can reduce the risk of you passing Covid-19 to household contacts, if you do happen to get infected.  Getting vaccinated doesn’t guarantee that you won’t get Covid-19, but it does decrease the chance of getting seriously ill and having to hospitalised, and dying of the disease. It certainly isn’t causing more cases, as the Instagram post implies.","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRZ26g9LIIz/?utm_source=ig_embed,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases#card-cases_by_date_reported,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases#card-cases_by_specimen_date,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/health-55153325,https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer?zoomToSelection=true&time=2021-07-01&pickerSort=asc&pickerMetric=location&Metric=People+vaccinated+%28by+dose%29&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+Population=true&Align+outbreaks=false&country=~GBR,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-issues-advice-on-covid-19-vaccination-of-children-and-young-people,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/vaccinations#card-latest_reported_vaccination_uptake,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1000661/8_July_2021_Risk_assessment_for_SARS-CoV-2_variant_DELTA_02.00-1.pdf,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/testing#card-virus_tests_conducted,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/charts/uk-government-coronavirus-lockdowns,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1002580/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_28.pdf#page=4,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/covid-19-vaccine-surveillance-report-published,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/vaccines-highly-effective-against-hospitalisation-from-delta-variant,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1002580/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_28.pdf#page=3,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/Allison-Pearson-Covid-stats-hospital/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Vaccines have not caused daily cases to increase,,,,,, -1,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-07-21,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/,"In the UK on 1 July 2020, no one had been vaccinated against Covid-19 and there were 63 new daily cases.",2021-07-21,fullfact,,"A post on Instagram seems to imply that the vaccine is causing more Covid-19 cases, by comparing the number of new cases at the start of July 2021, with the same time last year. It correctly states that there were 27,989 new cases reported on 1 July 2021, but incorrectly suggests that there were 63 new daily cases reported on 1 July 2020 in the UK, when there were actually 829. The national Covid-19 vaccine roll-out didn’t start until 8 December. It’s true that, by 1 July 2020, 66% of the total population had received a first dose and 49% had received their second, although that population includes those under 18, who are not routinely advised to have the vaccine. The percentage of adults who had had their first and second vaccines by 1 July 2021 was 86% and 63% respectively. But to suggest then that the vaccines have not slowed transmission, or even increased it, ignores the fact that a lot of other things have changed in the year between these dates. A more transmissible strain of Covid-19 is now dominant, testing is much more prominent now, and restrictions have generally eased across the UK.  The Covid-19 vaccines are highly effective at preventing Covid-19, and at preventing hospitalisations and death following Covid-19 infection, including from the Delta variant. There’s also evidence that they can reduce the risk of you passing Covid-19 to household contacts, if you do happen to get infected.  Getting vaccinated doesn’t guarantee that you won’t get Covid-19, but it does decrease the chance of getting seriously ill and having to hospitalised, and dying of the disease. It certainly isn’t causing more cases, as the Instagram post implies.","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRZ26g9LIIz/?utm_source=ig_embed,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases#card-cases_by_date_reported,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases#card-cases_by_specimen_date,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/health-55153325,https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer?zoomToSelection=true&time=2021-07-01&pickerSort=asc&pickerMetric=location&Metric=People+vaccinated+%28by+dose%29&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+Population=true&Align+outbreaks=false&country=~GBR,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-issues-advice-on-covid-19-vaccination-of-children-and-young-people,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/vaccinations#card-latest_reported_vaccination_uptake,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1000661/8_July_2021_Risk_assessment_for_SARS-CoV-2_variant_DELTA_02.00-1.pdf,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/testing#card-virus_tests_conducted,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/charts/uk-government-coronavirus-lockdowns,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1002580/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_28.pdf#page=4,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/covid-19-vaccine-surveillance-report-published,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/vaccines-highly-effective-against-hospitalisation-from-delta-variant,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1002580/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_28.pdf#page=3,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/Allison-Pearson-Covid-stats-hospital/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Vaccines have not caused daily cases to increase,,,,,, -2,,,,False,Leo Benedictus,2021-07-20,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/health/lord-sumption-covid-errors/,People who die of Covid would probably have died within a year.,2021-07-20,fullfact,,"The former Supreme Court judge Lord Sumption made several mistakes with Covid-19 data when talking about the disease on the Today programme this morning. First of all, he said that the virus had not killed more than 100,000 people, because many of the deaths recorded may have been people who were infected with Covid, but died for other reasons. This is not true. The daily data on the number of people who have died after a positive test does include some people who died for other reasons. However, we also have data from death certificates, which records whether or not Covid itself was the “underlying cause”. This shows that up to 2 July this year, 124,082 people died with Covid as the underlying cause of death in England and Wales alone. Lord Sumption went on to say that the people who died of Covid would soon have died anyway. He said: “At the age which they had reached, they would probably have died within a year after, as even Professor Ferguson has I think admitted.""  [1.19.00] This is not supported by the evidence. The mention of Professor Ferguson seems to be a reference to the government’s former scientific advisor’s comments before the Science and Technology Select Committee on 25 March 2020, when he said that the proportion of people dying of Covid in 2020 who would have died that year anyway “might be as much as half to two thirds of the deaths we are seeing from COVID-19”. In other words, he was talking at a very early stage of the pandemic about what might be seen by the end of the year, not stating a fact, or predicting what the facts would be. Research suggests that people dying of Covid lost far more than a year of life—about a decade on average. We have written about this in detail before.  Lord Sumption also said: ""The number of people who have died who are not in highly vulnerable groups who have died without a sufficiently serious comorbidity to appear on the death certificate is very small. It's a matter of hundreds and not thousands."" [1.19.42] This is not true either. It seems that Lord Sumption is talking about the number of death certificates that mention Covid as the underlying cause but do not mention any pre-existing medical condition. There were 15,883 of these deaths in England and Wales alone, up to the end of March 2021. All of them had Covid as the underlying cause. If you added all the deaths in Scotland and Northern Ireland too, the total would be higher.","https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000xzdf,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths#card-deaths_within_28_days_of_positive_test_by_date_of_death,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregisteredweeklyinenglandandwalesprovisional/weekending2july2021#:~:text=Deaths%20involving%20and%20due%20to%20COVID-19%20and%20influenza%20and%20pneumonia%2C%20England%20and%20Wales%2C%20deaths%20registered%20in%202020%20and%202021,https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000xzdf,https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/237/pdf/#page=10,https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-75,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/preexistingconditionsofpeoplewhodiedduetocovid19englandandwales,https://fullfact.org/health/richard-tice-covid-vaccine-infertility-stillbirth/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/charles-walker-youngsters-covid-risk/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/bbc-children-covid-risk/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/tfl-self-isolation-pilot/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/Rife-machines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Lord Sumption made several errors about Covid on Today,,,,,, -3,,,,False,Leo Benedictus,2021-07-20,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/health/lord-sumption-covid-errors/,People who die of Covid would probably have died within a year.,2021-07-20,fullfact,,"The former Supreme Court judge Lord Sumption made several mistakes with Covid-19 data when talking about the disease on the Today programme this morning. First of all, he said that the virus had not killed more than 100,000 people, because many of the deaths recorded may have been people who were infected with Covid, but died for other reasons. This is not true. The daily data on the number of people who have died after a positive test does include some people who died for other reasons. However, we also have data from death certificates, which records whether or not Covid itself was the “underlying cause”. This shows that up to 2 July this year, 124,082 people died with Covid as the underlying cause of death in England and Wales alone. Lord Sumption went on to say that the people who died of Covid would soon have died anyway. He said: “At the age which they had reached, they would probably have died within a year after, as even Professor Ferguson has I think admitted.""  [1.19.00] This is not supported by the evidence. The mention of Professor Ferguson seems to be a reference to the government’s former scientific advisor’s comments before the Science and Technology Select Committee on 25 March 2020, when he said that the proportion of people dying of Covid in 2020 who would have died that year anyway “might be as much as half to two thirds of the deaths we are seeing from COVID-19”. In other words, he was talking at a very early stage of the pandemic about what might be seen by the end of the year, not stating a fact, or predicting what the facts would be. Research suggests that people dying of Covid lost far more than a year of life—about a decade on average. We have written about this in detail before.  Lord Sumption also said: ""The number of people who have died who are not in highly vulnerable groups who have died without a sufficiently serious comorbidity to appear on the death certificate is very small. It's a matter of hundreds and not thousands."" [1.19.42] This is not true either. It seems that Lord Sumption is talking about the number of death certificates that mention Covid as the underlying cause but do not mention any pre-existing medical condition. There were 15,883 of these deaths in England and Wales alone, up to the end of March 2021. All of them had Covid as the underlying cause. If you added all the deaths in Scotland and Northern Ireland too, the total would be higher.","https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000xzdf,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths#card-deaths_within_28_days_of_positive_test_by_date_of_death,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregisteredweeklyinenglandandwalesprovisional/weekending2july2021#:~:text=Deaths%20involving%20and%20due%20to%20COVID-19%20and%20influenza%20and%20pneumonia%2C%20England%20and%20Wales%2C%20deaths%20registered%20in%202020%20and%202021,https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000xzdf,https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/237/pdf/#page=10,https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-75,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/preexistingconditionsofpeoplewhodiedduetocovid19englandandwales,https://fullfact.org/health/richard-tice-covid-vaccine-infertility-stillbirth/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/charles-walker-youngsters-covid-risk/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/bbc-children-covid-risk/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/tfl-self-isolation-pilot/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/health/Rife-machines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Lord Sumption made several errors about Covid on Today,,,,,, -4,,,,Other,Daniella de Block Golding,2021-07-12,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/orange-county-board-meeting/,There is no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks.,2021-07-12,fullfact,,"A video which has been shared on social media shows a woman, who claims to be an attorney, speaking at the Orange County Board of Supervisor meeting on 2 June 2020. The video includes many outdated or untrue claims about the Covid-19 pandemic.  The video claims that “asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.” At the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, there was uncertainty about how much transmission of SARS-CoV-2 would occur from people who had asymptomatic infections.  Over the course of 2020 and 2021, however, the role of asymptomatic transmission has become clearer and we now know that people with asymptomatic infection can transmit Covid-19.  We have written more about this previously.  In the video, it is claimed that face masks “do not work to stop the virus”. The role of face masks in preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was uncertain at the beginning of the pandemic.  The evidence and guidance around mask use has evolved since to give support to the use of masks in some situations. We have written more about the intricacies of this previously.  The UK government now states that mask wearing can “reduce the spread of coronavirus droplets in certain circumstances, helping to protect others”. This is echoed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) advice that, in addition to other measures, “masks are a key measure to suppress transmission and save lives.” Depending on the type of mask used, their main effect may be in protecting others, while some particular types of masks provide additional protection for the wearer. As England moves into the next stage of easing coronavirus restrictions on 19 July, legal obligations to wear face masks are set to be removed (although people will still be expected to wear them in crowded indoor areas). The legal requirement to wear masks is still currently in place in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The video also claims that face masks “cut the oxygen ‘hypoxically’ low.” Hypoxia is a medical term for low or insufficient oxygen levels in the body. The claim that  face masks can cause hypoxia is not true, and has been fact checked many times before.  The WHO have said that, while facemasks can be uncomfortable, surgical face masks do not lead to oxygen deficiency.  Paul Hunter, Professor in Medicine at the University of East Anglia, conducted a review of the evidence on mask-wearing in April 2020 and previously told Full Fact that ordinary face masks and coverings do not cause low oxygen levels.  There is some evidence that some specific types of respirator masks used in medical settings (N95/FFP2 masks) can alter gas exchange.","https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1174411289694325,https://ocgov.granicus.com/player/clip/3714?view_id=&caption_id=10188788&redirect=true,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/890001/s0005-are-asymptomatic-people-with-2019ncov-infectious-280120-sage4.pdf,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/890148/s0185-clinical-virology-sars-cov-2-170220-sage8.pdf#page=1,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/928699/S0740_Fifty-sixth_SAGE_meeting_on_Covid-19.pdf#page=4,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,https://post.parliament.uk/covid-19-july-update-on-face-masks-and-face-coverings-for-the-general-public/,https://fullfact.org/health/evidence-shows-masks-do-offer-protection-covid-19/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/face-coverings-when-to-wear-one-and-how-to-make-your-own/face-coverings-when-to-wear-one-and-how-to-make-your-own,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-at-coronavirus-press-conference-5-july-2021,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-51205344,https://gov.wales/face-coverings-guidance-public,https://www.gov.scot/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-public-use-of-face-coverings/,https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/coronavirus-covid-19-face-coverings,https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hypoxia,https://patient.info/doctor/respiratory-failure,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/53108405,https://fullfact.org/health/masks-not-harmful/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters#oxygen,https://fullfact.org/online/mask-graphic-wrong/?fbclid=IwAR16q6M879DK9Ve-oZl4fDnyR4OTjz6jjIiCkzkFgb9eCvn9h7abrM1FLSQ,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters#oxygen,https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049528v1.full.pdf,https://fullfact.org/health/masks-not-harmful/,https://fullfact.org/online/mask-graphic-wrong/?fbclid=IwAR16q6M879DK9Ve-oZl4fDnyR4OTjz6jjIiCkzkFgb9eCvn9h7abrM1FLSQ,https://fullfact.org/health/masks-not-harmful/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video shares falsehoods about face masks and asymptomatic spread of Covid-19,,,,,, -5,,,,Other,Daniella de Block Golding,2021-07-12,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/orange-county-board-meeting/,There is no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks.,2021-07-12,fullfact,,"A video which has been shared on social media shows a woman, who claims to be an attorney, speaking at the Orange County Board of Supervisor meeting on 2 June 2020. The video includes many outdated or untrue claims about the Covid-19 pandemic.  The video claims that “asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.” At the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, there was uncertainty about how much transmission of SARS-CoV-2 would occur from people who had asymptomatic infections.  Over the course of 2020 and 2021, however, the role of asymptomatic transmission has become clearer and we now know that people with asymptomatic infection can transmit Covid-19.  We have written more about this previously.  In the video, it is claimed that face masks “do not work to stop the virus”. The role of face masks in preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was uncertain at the beginning of the pandemic.  The evidence and guidance around mask use has evolved since to give support to the use of masks in some situations. We have written more about the intricacies of this previously.  The UK government now states that mask wearing can “reduce the spread of coronavirus droplets in certain circumstances, helping to protect others”. This is echoed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) advice that, in addition to other measures, “masks are a key measure to suppress transmission and save lives.” Depending on the type of mask used, their main effect may be in protecting others, while some particular types of masks provide additional protection for the wearer. As England moves into the next stage of easing coronavirus restrictions on 19 July, legal obligations to wear face masks are set to be removed (although people will still be expected to wear them in crowded indoor areas). The legal requirement to wear masks is still currently in place in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The video also claims that face masks “cut the oxygen ‘hypoxically’ low.” Hypoxia is a medical term for low or insufficient oxygen levels in the body. The claim that  face masks can cause hypoxia is not true, and has been fact checked many times before.  The WHO have said that, while facemasks can be uncomfortable, surgical face masks do not lead to oxygen deficiency.  Paul Hunter, Professor in Medicine at the University of East Anglia, conducted a review of the evidence on mask-wearing in April 2020 and previously told Full Fact that ordinary face masks and coverings do not cause low oxygen levels.  There is some evidence that some specific types of respirator masks used in medical settings (N95/FFP2 masks) can alter gas exchange.","https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1174411289694325,https://ocgov.granicus.com/player/clip/3714?view_id=&caption_id=10188788&redirect=true,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/890001/s0005-are-asymptomatic-people-with-2019ncov-infectious-280120-sage4.pdf,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/890148/s0185-clinical-virology-sars-cov-2-170220-sage8.pdf#page=1,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/928699/S0740_Fifty-sixth_SAGE_meeting_on_Covid-19.pdf#page=4,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,https://post.parliament.uk/covid-19-july-update-on-face-masks-and-face-coverings-for-the-general-public/,https://fullfact.org/health/evidence-shows-masks-do-offer-protection-covid-19/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/face-coverings-when-to-wear-one-and-how-to-make-your-own/face-coverings-when-to-wear-one-and-how-to-make-your-own,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-at-coronavirus-press-conference-5-july-2021,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-51205344,https://gov.wales/face-coverings-guidance-public,https://www.gov.scot/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-public-use-of-face-coverings/,https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/coronavirus-covid-19-face-coverings,https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hypoxia,https://patient.info/doctor/respiratory-failure,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/53108405,https://fullfact.org/health/masks-not-harmful/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters#oxygen,https://fullfact.org/online/mask-graphic-wrong/?fbclid=IwAR16q6M879DK9Ve-oZl4fDnyR4OTjz6jjIiCkzkFgb9eCvn9h7abrM1FLSQ,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters#oxygen,https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049528v1.full.pdf,https://fullfact.org/health/masks-not-harmful/,https://fullfact.org/online/mask-graphic-wrong/?fbclid=IwAR16q6M879DK9Ve-oZl4fDnyR4OTjz6jjIiCkzkFgb9eCvn9h7abrM1FLSQ,https://fullfact.org/health/masks-not-harmful/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video shares falsehoods about face masks and asymptomatic spread of Covid-19,,,,,, -6,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-07-09,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/hancock-video-WHO/,A video shows Matt Hancock saying the WHO told him there is no evidence for asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19.,2021-07-09,fullfact,,"A video shared over 1,500 times on Facebook claims to show a clip of former health secretary Matt Hancock saying he was told by the World Health Organisation that there was no evidence for asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19. A voiceover in the video then claims that therefore this shows there was no need for lockdown, social distancing, masks or vaccines. The video shows a short snippet of Mr Hancock giving evidence to the combined science and technology, and health and social care committees on 10 June 2021. The wider discussion shows he was talking about the situation in 2020, and the video just picks out a small part of this.  Before the clip in the video, Mr Hancock claimed that in January 2020, the consensus based on the behaviour of other coronaviruses, was that people who weren’t displaying symptoms would not transmit the disease. He then went on to describe how the evidence that this wasn’t the case emerged from China, Germany, and later the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US, and Public Health England. The chair (Conservative MP Greg Clark) challenged this and went on to ask him about the minutes of a late January meeting of SAGE (the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies which advises the government) which said: “There is limited evidence of asymptomatic transmission but early indications imply some is occurring.”  The exchange, including the part shown in the video, went as follows: Chair: In the minutes of SAGE it was not recorded that the consensus is that there is no asymptomatic transmission. Quite the opposite. They are saying that early indications imply some is occurring. Matt Hancock: But the World Health Organisation advice and the clinical advice of the most likely situation that I received remained that asymptomatic transmission was unlikely. In fact, the WHO’s position was, “There has been no documented asymptomatic transmission.” As I say, given all of this debate, and this is an absolutely accurate reflection of the debate, I should have stuck to my guns and said that even if it is uncertain, and even if it is relatively small, we should base policy on that. Even though the formal advice I was receiving was that asymptomatic transmission is unlikely and we should not base policy on it, I should have overruled that. So the video does not prove that Matt Hancock or the WHO currently think that asymptomatic transmission doesn’t happen, or give evidence on whether subsequent policies were required.  Later studies on Covid-19 itself, rather than related diseases, suggest that asymptomatic transmission does make a significant contribution to transmission. The video’s voiceover also claims that the vaccines are “on trial” and “experiments ending in 2023”.  The trial completion dates are set in the future to allow for long-term follow-up, but analyses of the data from phase three trials have been published in peer-reviewed studies in medical journals. We’ve written about this claim in more detail before.","https://www.facebook.com/100057866943218/videos/vb.100057866943218/559197612112969/?type=2&theater,https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/2318/pdf#page=22,https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/2318/pdf#page=21,https://committees.parliament.uk/oralevidence/2318/pdf#page=22,https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/scientific-advisory-group-for-emergencies-sage,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sage-minutes-coronavirus-covid-19-response-28-january-2020/sage-2-minutes-coronavirus-covid-19-response-28-january-2020#current-understanding-of-wn-cov,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/933225/S0824_SARS-CoV-2_Transmission_routes_and_environments.pdf#page=12,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-vaccines/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",WHO advice about asymptomatic transmission has changed since the start of the pandemic,,,,,, -7,,,,False,Grace Rahman,2021-07-07,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/police-station-video/,"Some reports suggest Covid-19 vaccines have caused a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.",2021-07-07,fullfact,,"Many of our readers have asked us to check claims in a video on Facebook of a man filming himself in a police station making a complaint about Covid-19 vaccines. The video is over 30 minutes long, but we have looked at the main claims he makes in it here, which are about Covid-19 vaccines and tests, amongst other things. In the video, the man claims that 1,295 people have died “as a result of the vaccine”. That is how many people had reportedly died shortly after vaccination, up to 2 June, not necessarily because of the vaccine. The Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) says that “The majority of these reports were in elderly people or people with underlying illness.” As the latest version of the MHRA document explains: “The nature of Yellow Card reporting means that reported events are not always proven side effects. Some events may have happened anyway, regardless of vaccination.”   On deaths, it says “Usage of the vaccines has increased rapidly and as such, so has reporting of fatal events with a temporal association with vaccination however, this does not indicate a link between vaccination and the fatalities reported.” It’s also true, as the man says, that there were just over 922,000 suspected reactions reported up to 2 June. In the same way, these reactions weren’t necessarily caused by the vaccine. The video also claims that PCR tests contain ethylene oxide, a dangerous gas. As we have written before, ethylene oxide exposure can be unsafe, but it is commonly used to sterilise medical equipment, including Covid-19 tests, and doesn’t pose any threat in this way. The MHRA recently answered a Freedom of Information request on this, explaining that the amount of residual ethylene oxide on swabs means that lateral flow test kits “are safe to use”. It also said: “In the highly unlikely event that a swab does contain a residual amount above the allowable limit, the risk to the user is still considered to be very low.” The man in the video reads out some quotations, which he attributes to the Canadian researcher Dr Byram Bridle, claiming that the Covid vaccines produce a spike protein that is toxic to humans. This is not true. We have written in detail about this before. So have many other fact checkers.  There is a protein on the surface of the virus that causes Covid-19, called a spike protein. The Covid-19 vaccines work by giving the body instructions on how to make that spike protein, so that if the body encounters it later, the immune system can generate a response that attacks the virus faster and more effectively. There is some evidence that the spike proteins generated by the Moderna vaccine can leave the site of the injection. And the spike proteins on the actual virus itself have been found in the brains of people who died of Covid-19. But this doesn’t mean that the spike proteins generated by the body from the vaccine are harmful. Quoting another doctor talking about the Covid vaccines, the man in the video says: “There are some reports to suggest there is a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.” This claim is misleading, and we’ve checked a similar one before.  Miscarriages have been reported following Covid-19 vaccinations but there’s no evidence to show that vaccines were the cause. The number reported doesn’t appear to exceed the level you would ordinarily expect. As we’ve said, the MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of adverse events following vaccination, but does not prove that vaccination was the cause of any of them. It isn’t necessarily surprising that the number of miscarriages reported after vaccination has increased alongside the number of women of childbearing age being vaccinated. Just by increasing that pool of people, you would expect to see a larger number of pregnancies in that group, and therefore a proportion of miscarriages. Appearing to quote the same doctor, the man also says: “It is also documented that polysorbate 80 is contained within the vaccines and this is known to cause issues in relation to fertility.” The AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines do contain small amounts of polysorbate 80, which is also in certain flu jabs and is used as a food additive in things like ice cream. Some people may be allergic to it. But it’s a persistent myth that polysorbate 80 is linked to fertility issues. A study linking the chemical to reduced fertility in rats is sometimes cited as evidence, but the relative dose given to rats in the trial was significantly larger than humans would ever get in a vaccine.","https://www.facebook.com/100008184070258/videos/2940863029529804/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#analysis-of-data,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#annex-1-vaccine-analysis-print,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#:~:text=usage%20of%20the%20covid-19%20vaccine%20astrazeneca%20has%20increased%20rapidly%20and%20as%20such%2C%20so%20has%20reporting%20of%20fatal%20events%20with%20a%20temporal%20association%20with%20vaccination%20however,https://fullfact.org/online/lateral-flow-tests-ethylene-oxide/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/freedom-of-information-responses-from-the-mhra-week-commencing-26-april-2021/freedom-of-information-request-on-use-of-ethylene-oxide-to-sterilise-swabs-used-in-testing-for-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/08/fact-check-proteins-covid-19-vaccines-arent-dangerous-toxins/7505236002/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/07/facebook-posts/no-proof-researcher-claim-covid-19-vaccines-spike-/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://fullfact.org/online/Covid-vaccine-miscarriage-false/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-uk-recipients-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#contents-of-the-pack-and-other-information,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen/patient-information-leaflet-for-covid-19-vaccine-janssen#ingredients,https://fullfact.org/health/flu-shot-ingredients/,https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers,https://modernistpantry.com/products/food-grade-polysorbate-80.html,https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/covid-19-advice/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-and-allergies/,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/22/bmjebm-2019-111222,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/6/191,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video of man reporting Covid-19 crimes to police is full of misinformation,,,,,, -8,,,,False,Grace Rahman,2021-07-07,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/police-station-video/,"Some reports suggest Covid-19 vaccines have caused a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.",2021-07-07,fullfact,,"Many of our readers have asked us to check claims in a video on Facebook of a man filming himself in a police station making a complaint about Covid-19 vaccines. The video is over 30 minutes long, but we have looked at the main claims he makes in it here, which are about Covid-19 vaccines and tests, amongst other things. In the video, the man claims that 1,295 people have died “as a result of the vaccine”. That is how many people had reportedly died shortly after vaccination, up to 2 June, not necessarily because of the vaccine. The Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) says that “The majority of these reports were in elderly people or people with underlying illness.” As the latest version of the MHRA document explains: “The nature of Yellow Card reporting means that reported events are not always proven side effects. Some events may have happened anyway, regardless of vaccination.”   On deaths, it says “Usage of the vaccines has increased rapidly and as such, so has reporting of fatal events with a temporal association with vaccination however, this does not indicate a link between vaccination and the fatalities reported.” It’s also true, as the man says, that there were just over 922,000 suspected reactions reported up to 2 June. In the same way, these reactions weren’t necessarily caused by the vaccine. The video also claims that PCR tests contain ethylene oxide, a dangerous gas. As we have written before, ethylene oxide exposure can be unsafe, but it is commonly used to sterilise medical equipment, including Covid-19 tests, and doesn’t pose any threat in this way. The MHRA recently answered a Freedom of Information request on this, explaining that the amount of residual ethylene oxide on swabs means that lateral flow test kits “are safe to use”. It also said: “In the highly unlikely event that a swab does contain a residual amount above the allowable limit, the risk to the user is still considered to be very low.” The man in the video reads out some quotations, which he attributes to the Canadian researcher Dr Byram Bridle, claiming that the Covid vaccines produce a spike protein that is toxic to humans. This is not true. We have written in detail about this before. So have many other fact checkers.  There is a protein on the surface of the virus that causes Covid-19, called a spike protein. The Covid-19 vaccines work by giving the body instructions on how to make that spike protein, so that if the body encounters it later, the immune system can generate a response that attacks the virus faster and more effectively. There is some evidence that the spike proteins generated by the Moderna vaccine can leave the site of the injection. And the spike proteins on the actual virus itself have been found in the brains of people who died of Covid-19. But this doesn’t mean that the spike proteins generated by the body from the vaccine are harmful. Quoting another doctor talking about the Covid vaccines, the man in the video says: “There are some reports to suggest there is a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.” This claim is misleading, and we’ve checked a similar one before.  Miscarriages have been reported following Covid-19 vaccinations but there’s no evidence to show that vaccines were the cause. The number reported doesn’t appear to exceed the level you would ordinarily expect. As we’ve said, the MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of adverse events following vaccination, but does not prove that vaccination was the cause of any of them. It isn’t necessarily surprising that the number of miscarriages reported after vaccination has increased alongside the number of women of childbearing age being vaccinated. Just by increasing that pool of people, you would expect to see a larger number of pregnancies in that group, and therefore a proportion of miscarriages. Appearing to quote the same doctor, the man also says: “It is also documented that polysorbate 80 is contained within the vaccines and this is known to cause issues in relation to fertility.” The AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines do contain small amounts of polysorbate 80, which is also in certain flu jabs and is used as a food additive in things like ice cream. Some people may be allergic to it. But it’s a persistent myth that polysorbate 80 is linked to fertility issues. A study linking the chemical to reduced fertility in rats is sometimes cited as evidence, but the relative dose given to rats in the trial was significantly larger than humans would ever get in a vaccine.","https://www.facebook.com/100008184070258/videos/2940863029529804/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#analysis-of-data,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#annex-1-vaccine-analysis-print,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#:~:text=usage%20of%20the%20covid-19%20vaccine%20astrazeneca%20has%20increased%20rapidly%20and%20as%20such%2C%20so%20has%20reporting%20of%20fatal%20events%20with%20a%20temporal%20association%20with%20vaccination%20however,https://fullfact.org/online/lateral-flow-tests-ethylene-oxide/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/freedom-of-information-responses-from-the-mhra-week-commencing-26-april-2021/freedom-of-information-request-on-use-of-ethylene-oxide-to-sterilise-swabs-used-in-testing-for-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/08/fact-check-proteins-covid-19-vaccines-arent-dangerous-toxins/7505236002/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/07/facebook-posts/no-proof-researcher-claim-covid-19-vaccines-spike-/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://fullfact.org/online/Covid-vaccine-miscarriage-false/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-uk-recipients-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#contents-of-the-pack-and-other-information,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen/patient-information-leaflet-for-covid-19-vaccine-janssen#ingredients,https://fullfact.org/health/flu-shot-ingredients/,https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers,https://modernistpantry.com/products/food-grade-polysorbate-80.html,https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/covid-19-advice/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-and-allergies/,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/22/bmjebm-2019-111222,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/6/191,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video of man reporting Covid-19 crimes to police is full of misinformation,,,,,, -9,,,,False,Grace Rahman,2021-07-07,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/police-station-video/,"Some reports suggest Covid-19 vaccines have caused a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.",2021-07-07,fullfact,,"Many of our readers have asked us to check claims in a video on Facebook of a man filming himself in a police station making a complaint about Covid-19 vaccines. The video is over 30 minutes long, but we have looked at the main claims he makes in it here, which are about Covid-19 vaccines and tests, amongst other things. In the video, the man claims that 1,295 people have died “as a result of the vaccine”. That is how many people had reportedly died shortly after vaccination, up to 2 June, not necessarily because of the vaccine. The Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) says that “The majority of these reports were in elderly people or people with underlying illness.” As the latest version of the MHRA document explains: “The nature of Yellow Card reporting means that reported events are not always proven side effects. Some events may have happened anyway, regardless of vaccination.”   On deaths, it says “Usage of the vaccines has increased rapidly and as such, so has reporting of fatal events with a temporal association with vaccination however, this does not indicate a link between vaccination and the fatalities reported.” It’s also true, as the man says, that there were just over 922,000 suspected reactions reported up to 2 June. In the same way, these reactions weren’t necessarily caused by the vaccine. The video also claims that PCR tests contain ethylene oxide, a dangerous gas. As we have written before, ethylene oxide exposure can be unsafe, but it is commonly used to sterilise medical equipment, including Covid-19 tests, and doesn’t pose any threat in this way. The MHRA recently answered a Freedom of Information request on this, explaining that the amount of residual ethylene oxide on swabs means that lateral flow test kits “are safe to use”. It also said: “In the highly unlikely event that a swab does contain a residual amount above the allowable limit, the risk to the user is still considered to be very low.” The man in the video reads out some quotations, which he attributes to the Canadian researcher Dr Byram Bridle, claiming that the Covid vaccines produce a spike protein that is toxic to humans. This is not true. We have written in detail about this before. So have many other fact checkers.  There is a protein on the surface of the virus that causes Covid-19, called a spike protein. The Covid-19 vaccines work by giving the body instructions on how to make that spike protein, so that if the body encounters it later, the immune system can generate a response that attacks the virus faster and more effectively. There is some evidence that the spike proteins generated by the Moderna vaccine can leave the site of the injection. And the spike proteins on the actual virus itself have been found in the brains of people who died of Covid-19. But this doesn’t mean that the spike proteins generated by the body from the vaccine are harmful. Quoting another doctor talking about the Covid vaccines, the man in the video says: “There are some reports to suggest there is a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.” This claim is misleading, and we’ve checked a similar one before.  Miscarriages have been reported following Covid-19 vaccinations but there’s no evidence to show that vaccines were the cause. The number reported doesn’t appear to exceed the level you would ordinarily expect. As we’ve said, the MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of adverse events following vaccination, but does not prove that vaccination was the cause of any of them. It isn’t necessarily surprising that the number of miscarriages reported after vaccination has increased alongside the number of women of childbearing age being vaccinated. Just by increasing that pool of people, you would expect to see a larger number of pregnancies in that group, and therefore a proportion of miscarriages. Appearing to quote the same doctor, the man also says: “It is also documented that polysorbate 80 is contained within the vaccines and this is known to cause issues in relation to fertility.” The AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines do contain small amounts of polysorbate 80, which is also in certain flu jabs and is used as a food additive in things like ice cream. Some people may be allergic to it. But it’s a persistent myth that polysorbate 80 is linked to fertility issues. A study linking the chemical to reduced fertility in rats is sometimes cited as evidence, but the relative dose given to rats in the trial was significantly larger than humans would ever get in a vaccine.","https://www.facebook.com/100008184070258/videos/2940863029529804/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#analysis-of-data,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#annex-1-vaccine-analysis-print,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#:~:text=usage%20of%20the%20covid-19%20vaccine%20astrazeneca%20has%20increased%20rapidly%20and%20as%20such%2C%20so%20has%20reporting%20of%20fatal%20events%20with%20a%20temporal%20association%20with%20vaccination%20however,https://fullfact.org/online/lateral-flow-tests-ethylene-oxide/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/freedom-of-information-responses-from-the-mhra-week-commencing-26-april-2021/freedom-of-information-request-on-use-of-ethylene-oxide-to-sterilise-swabs-used-in-testing-for-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/08/fact-check-proteins-covid-19-vaccines-arent-dangerous-toxins/7505236002/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/07/facebook-posts/no-proof-researcher-claim-covid-19-vaccines-spike-/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://fullfact.org/online/Covid-vaccine-miscarriage-false/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-uk-recipients-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#contents-of-the-pack-and-other-information,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen/patient-information-leaflet-for-covid-19-vaccine-janssen#ingredients,https://fullfact.org/health/flu-shot-ingredients/,https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers,https://modernistpantry.com/products/food-grade-polysorbate-80.html,https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/covid-19-advice/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-and-allergies/,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/22/bmjebm-2019-111222,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/6/191,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video of man reporting Covid-19 crimes to police is full of misinformation,,,,,, -10,,,,False,Grace Rahman,2021-07-07,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/police-station-video/,"Some reports suggest Covid-19 vaccines have caused a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.",2021-07-07,fullfact,,"Many of our readers have asked us to check claims in a video on Facebook of a man filming himself in a police station making a complaint about Covid-19 vaccines. The video is over 30 minutes long, but we have looked at the main claims he makes in it here, which are about Covid-19 vaccines and tests, amongst other things. In the video, the man claims that 1,295 people have died “as a result of the vaccine”. That is how many people had reportedly died shortly after vaccination, up to 2 June, not necessarily because of the vaccine. The Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) says that “The majority of these reports were in elderly people or people with underlying illness.” As the latest version of the MHRA document explains: “The nature of Yellow Card reporting means that reported events are not always proven side effects. Some events may have happened anyway, regardless of vaccination.”   On deaths, it says “Usage of the vaccines has increased rapidly and as such, so has reporting of fatal events with a temporal association with vaccination however, this does not indicate a link between vaccination and the fatalities reported.” It’s also true, as the man says, that there were just over 922,000 suspected reactions reported up to 2 June. In the same way, these reactions weren’t necessarily caused by the vaccine. The video also claims that PCR tests contain ethylene oxide, a dangerous gas. As we have written before, ethylene oxide exposure can be unsafe, but it is commonly used to sterilise medical equipment, including Covid-19 tests, and doesn’t pose any threat in this way. The MHRA recently answered a Freedom of Information request on this, explaining that the amount of residual ethylene oxide on swabs means that lateral flow test kits “are safe to use”. It also said: “In the highly unlikely event that a swab does contain a residual amount above the allowable limit, the risk to the user is still considered to be very low.” The man in the video reads out some quotations, which he attributes to the Canadian researcher Dr Byram Bridle, claiming that the Covid vaccines produce a spike protein that is toxic to humans. This is not true. We have written in detail about this before. So have many other fact checkers.  There is a protein on the surface of the virus that causes Covid-19, called a spike protein. The Covid-19 vaccines work by giving the body instructions on how to make that spike protein, so that if the body encounters it later, the immune system can generate a response that attacks the virus faster and more effectively. There is some evidence that the spike proteins generated by the Moderna vaccine can leave the site of the injection. And the spike proteins on the actual virus itself have been found in the brains of people who died of Covid-19. But this doesn’t mean that the spike proteins generated by the body from the vaccine are harmful. Quoting another doctor talking about the Covid vaccines, the man in the video says: “There are some reports to suggest there is a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.” This claim is misleading, and we’ve checked a similar one before.  Miscarriages have been reported following Covid-19 vaccinations but there’s no evidence to show that vaccines were the cause. The number reported doesn’t appear to exceed the level you would ordinarily expect. As we’ve said, the MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of adverse events following vaccination, but does not prove that vaccination was the cause of any of them. It isn’t necessarily surprising that the number of miscarriages reported after vaccination has increased alongside the number of women of childbearing age being vaccinated. Just by increasing that pool of people, you would expect to see a larger number of pregnancies in that group, and therefore a proportion of miscarriages. Appearing to quote the same doctor, the man also says: “It is also documented that polysorbate 80 is contained within the vaccines and this is known to cause issues in relation to fertility.” The AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines do contain small amounts of polysorbate 80, which is also in certain flu jabs and is used as a food additive in things like ice cream. Some people may be allergic to it. But it’s a persistent myth that polysorbate 80 is linked to fertility issues. A study linking the chemical to reduced fertility in rats is sometimes cited as evidence, but the relative dose given to rats in the trial was significantly larger than humans would ever get in a vaccine.","https://www.facebook.com/100008184070258/videos/2940863029529804/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#analysis-of-data,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#annex-1-vaccine-analysis-print,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#:~:text=usage%20of%20the%20covid-19%20vaccine%20astrazeneca%20has%20increased%20rapidly%20and%20as%20such%2C%20so%20has%20reporting%20of%20fatal%20events%20with%20a%20temporal%20association%20with%20vaccination%20however,https://fullfact.org/online/lateral-flow-tests-ethylene-oxide/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/freedom-of-information-responses-from-the-mhra-week-commencing-26-april-2021/freedom-of-information-request-on-use-of-ethylene-oxide-to-sterilise-swabs-used-in-testing-for-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/08/fact-check-proteins-covid-19-vaccines-arent-dangerous-toxins/7505236002/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/07/facebook-posts/no-proof-researcher-claim-covid-19-vaccines-spike-/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://fullfact.org/online/Covid-vaccine-miscarriage-false/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-uk-recipients-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#contents-of-the-pack-and-other-information,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen/patient-information-leaflet-for-covid-19-vaccine-janssen#ingredients,https://fullfact.org/health/flu-shot-ingredients/,https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers,https://modernistpantry.com/products/food-grade-polysorbate-80.html,https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/covid-19-advice/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-and-allergies/,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/22/bmjebm-2019-111222,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/6/191,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video of man reporting Covid-19 crimes to police is full of misinformation,,,,,, -11,,,,False,Grace Rahman,2021-07-07,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/police-station-video/,"Some reports suggest Covid-19 vaccines have caused a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.",2021-07-07,fullfact,,"Many of our readers have asked us to check claims in a video on Facebook of a man filming himself in a police station making a complaint about Covid-19 vaccines. The video is over 30 minutes long, but we have looked at the main claims he makes in it here, which are about Covid-19 vaccines and tests, amongst other things. In the video, the man claims that 1,295 people have died “as a result of the vaccine”. That is how many people had reportedly died shortly after vaccination, up to 2 June, not necessarily because of the vaccine. The Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) says that “The majority of these reports were in elderly people or people with underlying illness.” As the latest version of the MHRA document explains: “The nature of Yellow Card reporting means that reported events are not always proven side effects. Some events may have happened anyway, regardless of vaccination.”   On deaths, it says “Usage of the vaccines has increased rapidly and as such, so has reporting of fatal events with a temporal association with vaccination however, this does not indicate a link between vaccination and the fatalities reported.” It’s also true, as the man says, that there were just over 922,000 suspected reactions reported up to 2 June. In the same way, these reactions weren’t necessarily caused by the vaccine. The video also claims that PCR tests contain ethylene oxide, a dangerous gas. As we have written before, ethylene oxide exposure can be unsafe, but it is commonly used to sterilise medical equipment, including Covid-19 tests, and doesn’t pose any threat in this way. The MHRA recently answered a Freedom of Information request on this, explaining that the amount of residual ethylene oxide on swabs means that lateral flow test kits “are safe to use”. It also said: “In the highly unlikely event that a swab does contain a residual amount above the allowable limit, the risk to the user is still considered to be very low.” The man in the video reads out some quotations, which he attributes to the Canadian researcher Dr Byram Bridle, claiming that the Covid vaccines produce a spike protein that is toxic to humans. This is not true. We have written in detail about this before. So have many other fact checkers.  There is a protein on the surface of the virus that causes Covid-19, called a spike protein. The Covid-19 vaccines work by giving the body instructions on how to make that spike protein, so that if the body encounters it later, the immune system can generate a response that attacks the virus faster and more effectively. There is some evidence that the spike proteins generated by the Moderna vaccine can leave the site of the injection. And the spike proteins on the actual virus itself have been found in the brains of people who died of Covid-19. But this doesn’t mean that the spike proteins generated by the body from the vaccine are harmful. Quoting another doctor talking about the Covid vaccines, the man in the video says: “There are some reports to suggest there is a 2,000% increase in miscarriages.” This claim is misleading, and we’ve checked a similar one before.  Miscarriages have been reported following Covid-19 vaccinations but there’s no evidence to show that vaccines were the cause. The number reported doesn’t appear to exceed the level you would ordinarily expect. As we’ve said, the MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of adverse events following vaccination, but does not prove that vaccination was the cause of any of them. It isn’t necessarily surprising that the number of miscarriages reported after vaccination has increased alongside the number of women of childbearing age being vaccinated. Just by increasing that pool of people, you would expect to see a larger number of pregnancies in that group, and therefore a proportion of miscarriages. Appearing to quote the same doctor, the man also says: “It is also documented that polysorbate 80 is contained within the vaccines and this is known to cause issues in relation to fertility.” The AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccines do contain small amounts of polysorbate 80, which is also in certain flu jabs and is used as a food additive in things like ice cream. Some people may be allergic to it. But it’s a persistent myth that polysorbate 80 is linked to fertility issues. A study linking the chemical to reduced fertility in rats is sometimes cited as evidence, but the relative dose given to rats in the trial was significantly larger than humans would ever get in a vaccine.","https://www.facebook.com/100008184070258/videos/2940863029529804/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#analysis-of-data,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#annex-1-vaccine-analysis-print,https://web.archive.org/web/20210616204557/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#:~:text=usage%20of%20the%20covid-19%20vaccine%20astrazeneca%20has%20increased%20rapidly%20and%20as%20such%2C%20so%20has%20reporting%20of%20fatal%20events%20with%20a%20temporal%20association%20with%20vaccination%20however,https://fullfact.org/online/lateral-flow-tests-ethylene-oxide/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/freedom-of-information-responses-from-the-mhra-week-commencing-26-april-2021/freedom-of-information-request-on-use-of-ethylene-oxide-to-sterilise-swabs-used-in-testing-for-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/08/fact-check-proteins-covid-19-vaccines-arent-dangerous-toxins/7505236002/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/07/facebook-posts/no-proof-researcher-claim-covid-19-vaccines-spike-/,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://fullfact.org/online/Covid-vaccine-miscarriage-false/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-uk-recipients-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#contents-of-the-pack-and-other-information,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen/patient-information-leaflet-for-covid-19-vaccine-janssen#ingredients,https://fullfact.org/health/flu-shot-ingredients/,https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/approved-additives-and-e-numbers,https://modernistpantry.com/products/food-grade-polysorbate-80.html,https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/covid-19-advice/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-and-allergies/,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/22/bmjebm-2019-111222,https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/6/191,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video of man reporting Covid-19 crimes to police is full of misinformation,,,,,, -12,,,,Other,Daniella de Block Golding,2021-07-06,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/car-multiclaim-video/,The Covid-19 vaccines are a mass clinical trial and won’t get to phase 3 trials until 2023.,2021-07-06,fullfact,,"A video shared online features a former health worker making a number of false claims about the Covid-19 pandemic, and vaccines.  This is incorrect.  Covid-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  As we have written previously, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated in laboratories around the world many times since it was discovered.   Dr Stephen Griffin, a virologist and Associate Professor at Leeds Institute of Medical Research, previously told Full Fact: “SARS-CoV2 has been sampled millions of times over from infected people, including those originally found to be infected in China”.   We have written about the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme many times before.  The UK’s Yellow Card scheme collects and monitors safety concerns involving any medicines and medical devices such as suspected or potential side effects. This relies on voluntary reporting from medics and members of the public and aims to provide an early warning that the safety of a medicine or a medical device may require further investigation.  According to  MHRA data up to 26 May 2021, there were around a quarter of a million Yellow Card reports for the Covid-19 vaccines.  Of those, there were 885,980 suspected reactions (because one Yellow Card may report multiple symptoms). These range from sore arms and ‘flu like’ symptoms to some of the more significant suspected reactions. It’s correct that 1,253 deaths had been reported.  But we don’t know that these reactions or deaths were caused by the vaccine, and they certainly aren’t all cases where hospitals or doctors have agreed that it was the vaccine’s fault. As explained by the MHRA “It is very important to note that a Yellow Card report does not necessarily mean the vaccine caused that reaction or event. We ask for any suspicions to be reported, even if the reporter isn’t sure if it was caused by the vaccine. Reports to the scheme are known as suspected adverse reactions (ADRs). “Many suspected ADRs reported on a Yellow Card do not have any relation to the vaccine or medicine and it is often coincidental that they both occurred around the same time. The reports are continually reviewed to detect possible new side effects that may require regulatory action, and to differentiate these from things that would have happened regardless of the vaccine or medicine being administered, for instance due to underlying or undiagnosed illness.” Specifically related to deaths reported to the Yellow Card scheme, the MHRA has said: “Vaccination and surveillance of large populations means that, by chance, some people will experience and report a new illness or events in the days and weeks after vaccination” and that thousands of deaths are expected to have occurred naturally within a few days of the millions of vaccine doses given so far, mostly in the elderly. On 7 April 2021, the MHRA issued a statement advising on a possible link between the AstraZeneca vaccine and a very rare and specific type of blood clot seen in the context of low platelets. As a precaution, because of the balance of risks from Covid-19 for young people, in addition to an individualised assessment of those who are at an increased risk of blood clots, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has advised that people under the age of 40 in the UK should be offered an alternative Covid-19 vaccine.  As of 23 June 2021, there have been 298,081 Yellow Cards reported for the Covid-19 vaccines, including just over a million suspected reactions. This included 1,403 deaths.   It’s not quite clear what this claim means. A Google search of 85% in relation to Covid-19 vaccines directs you towards the results of studies into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people aged over 80. One, for example, is a Public Health England report into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people over the age of 80. The report says that PHE data shows that two doses of vaccine have an effectiveness against mortality of around 85%. This means that they reduce the risk of dying from Covid-19. It does not mean that people who receive the vaccine only have an 85% chance of survival.  As a quick sense check, if the 85% chance of survival was true, it would mean that 15% of people who received a Covid-19 vaccine died afterwards as a result. Given that up to 6 July 2021, roughly 45 million first doses of Covid-19 vaccine have been administered in the UK, this would result in approximately seven million deaths—which clearly hasn’t happened.     All three of the vaccines currently in use in the UK (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna) have been authorised for use. A fourth, Janssen has been authorised, but is not yet in use.  Across the UK, the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine has a temporary authorisation (sometimes known as a regulation 174 authorisation) issued by the MHRA.  In Great Britain, the Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines have another type of authorisation, called a “conditional marketing authorisation” which has been issued by the MHRA. We have written more about the difference between these types of authorisation before.  The European Medicines Agency has authorised the use of all four of these vaccines, under its own conditional marketing authorisation. It is under these authorisations that the AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines are made available in Northern Ireland.  As we have written previously, the Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines have all had analysis of safety and efficacy data from phase three trials (involving tens of thousands of participants) published in peer-reviewed articles in medical journals such as The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine. Long-term protection and safety data will continue to be collected over the next couple of years, and so the completion dates for the trials are in 2022 and 2023.  The FDA has also authorised the use of the Pfizer, Moderna and Janssen vaccines.   It’s not clear whether it is being claimed that the vaccines themselves or the act of giving them is in breach of the ethical research principles that were developed in the wake of Nazi attrocities.  Either way, as we’ve written before, medical ethics, healthcare law and social epidemiology experts have told us that the principles of the Nuremberg Code are not applicable to the current vaccine roll-out.","https://www.facebook.com/david.faleymartin/videos/10160548038101980,https://brandnewtube.com/watch/parents-watch-now-ex-nhs-nurse-louise-hampton-speaks-the-truth-amp-facts-please-share_QMn9Nqmmmb7NYp4.html,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-53948820,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://theconversation.com/i-study-viruses-how-our-team-isolated-the-new-coronavirus-to-fight-the-global-pandemic-133675,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045880/,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-side-effects-express/,https://fullfact.org/online/yellow-card-astrazeneca-reactions/,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/do-not-resuscitate-video/,https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/the-yellow-card-scheme/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210605171951/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/994726/20210616_Coronavirus_vaccine_-_summary_of_Yellow_Card_reporting__v2_-_clean.pdf#page=16,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advises-on-covid-19-vaccine-for-people-aged-under-40,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf,https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2021/02/23/covid-19-analysing-first-vaccine-effectiveness-in-the-uk/,https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1088,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf#page=3,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-uk-recipients-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/conditions-of-authorisation-for-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#history,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/vaccines-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-authorised#authorised-covid-19-vaccines-section,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/conditional-marketing-authorisation,https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/eu-exit-frequently-asked-questions,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines,https://fullfact.org/health/nuremberg-code-covid/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video in a car shares misinformation about Covid-19 vaccines,,,,,, -13,,,,Other,Daniella de Block Golding,2021-07-06,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/car-multiclaim-video/,The Covid-19 vaccines are a mass clinical trial and won’t get to phase 3 trials until 2023.,2021-07-06,fullfact,,"A video shared online features a former health worker making a number of false claims about the Covid-19 pandemic, and vaccines.  This is incorrect.  Covid-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  As we have written previously, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated in laboratories around the world many times since it was discovered.   Dr Stephen Griffin, a virologist and Associate Professor at Leeds Institute of Medical Research, previously told Full Fact: “SARS-CoV2 has been sampled millions of times over from infected people, including those originally found to be infected in China”.   We have written about the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme many times before.  The UK’s Yellow Card scheme collects and monitors safety concerns involving any medicines and medical devices such as suspected or potential side effects. This relies on voluntary reporting from medics and members of the public and aims to provide an early warning that the safety of a medicine or a medical device may require further investigation.  According to  MHRA data up to 26 May 2021, there were around a quarter of a million Yellow Card reports for the Covid-19 vaccines.  Of those, there were 885,980 suspected reactions (because one Yellow Card may report multiple symptoms). These range from sore arms and ‘flu like’ symptoms to some of the more significant suspected reactions. It’s correct that 1,253 deaths had been reported.  But we don’t know that these reactions or deaths were caused by the vaccine, and they certainly aren’t all cases where hospitals or doctors have agreed that it was the vaccine’s fault. As explained by the MHRA “It is very important to note that a Yellow Card report does not necessarily mean the vaccine caused that reaction or event. We ask for any suspicions to be reported, even if the reporter isn’t sure if it was caused by the vaccine. Reports to the scheme are known as suspected adverse reactions (ADRs). “Many suspected ADRs reported on a Yellow Card do not have any relation to the vaccine or medicine and it is often coincidental that they both occurred around the same time. The reports are continually reviewed to detect possible new side effects that may require regulatory action, and to differentiate these from things that would have happened regardless of the vaccine or medicine being administered, for instance due to underlying or undiagnosed illness.” Specifically related to deaths reported to the Yellow Card scheme, the MHRA has said: “Vaccination and surveillance of large populations means that, by chance, some people will experience and report a new illness or events in the days and weeks after vaccination” and that thousands of deaths are expected to have occurred naturally within a few days of the millions of vaccine doses given so far, mostly in the elderly. On 7 April 2021, the MHRA issued a statement advising on a possible link between the AstraZeneca vaccine and a very rare and specific type of blood clot seen in the context of low platelets. As a precaution, because of the balance of risks from Covid-19 for young people, in addition to an individualised assessment of those who are at an increased risk of blood clots, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has advised that people under the age of 40 in the UK should be offered an alternative Covid-19 vaccine.  As of 23 June 2021, there have been 298,081 Yellow Cards reported for the Covid-19 vaccines, including just over a million suspected reactions. This included 1,403 deaths.   It’s not quite clear what this claim means. A Google search of 85% in relation to Covid-19 vaccines directs you towards the results of studies into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people aged over 80. One, for example, is a Public Health England report into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people over the age of 80. The report says that PHE data shows that two doses of vaccine have an effectiveness against mortality of around 85%. This means that they reduce the risk of dying from Covid-19. It does not mean that people who receive the vaccine only have an 85% chance of survival.  As a quick sense check, if the 85% chance of survival was true, it would mean that 15% of people who received a Covid-19 vaccine died afterwards as a result. Given that up to 6 July 2021, roughly 45 million first doses of Covid-19 vaccine have been administered in the UK, this would result in approximately seven million deaths—which clearly hasn’t happened.     All three of the vaccines currently in use in the UK (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna) have been authorised for use. A fourth, Janssen has been authorised, but is not yet in use.  Across the UK, the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine has a temporary authorisation (sometimes known as a regulation 174 authorisation) issued by the MHRA.  In Great Britain, the Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines have another type of authorisation, called a “conditional marketing authorisation” which has been issued by the MHRA. We have written more about the difference between these types of authorisation before.  The European Medicines Agency has authorised the use of all four of these vaccines, under its own conditional marketing authorisation. It is under these authorisations that the AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines are made available in Northern Ireland.  As we have written previously, the Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines have all had analysis of safety and efficacy data from phase three trials (involving tens of thousands of participants) published in peer-reviewed articles in medical journals such as The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine. Long-term protection and safety data will continue to be collected over the next couple of years, and so the completion dates for the trials are in 2022 and 2023.  The FDA has also authorised the use of the Pfizer, Moderna and Janssen vaccines.   It’s not clear whether it is being claimed that the vaccines themselves or the act of giving them is in breach of the ethical research principles that were developed in the wake of Nazi attrocities.  Either way, as we’ve written before, medical ethics, healthcare law and social epidemiology experts have told us that the principles of the Nuremberg Code are not applicable to the current vaccine roll-out.","https://www.facebook.com/david.faleymartin/videos/10160548038101980,https://brandnewtube.com/watch/parents-watch-now-ex-nhs-nurse-louise-hampton-speaks-the-truth-amp-facts-please-share_QMn9Nqmmmb7NYp4.html,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-53948820,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://theconversation.com/i-study-viruses-how-our-team-isolated-the-new-coronavirus-to-fight-the-global-pandemic-133675,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045880/,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-side-effects-express/,https://fullfact.org/online/yellow-card-astrazeneca-reactions/,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/do-not-resuscitate-video/,https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/the-yellow-card-scheme/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210605171951/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/994726/20210616_Coronavirus_vaccine_-_summary_of_Yellow_Card_reporting__v2_-_clean.pdf#page=16,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advises-on-covid-19-vaccine-for-people-aged-under-40,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf,https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2021/02/23/covid-19-analysing-first-vaccine-effectiveness-in-the-uk/,https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1088,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf#page=3,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-uk-recipients-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/conditions-of-authorisation-for-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#history,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/vaccines-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-authorised#authorised-covid-19-vaccines-section,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/conditional-marketing-authorisation,https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/eu-exit-frequently-asked-questions,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines,https://fullfact.org/health/nuremberg-code-covid/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video in a car shares misinformation about Covid-19 vaccines,,,,,, -14,,,,Other,Daniella de Block Golding,2021-07-06,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/car-multiclaim-video/,The Covid-19 vaccines are a mass clinical trial and won’t get to phase 3 trials until 2023.,2021-07-06,fullfact,,"A video shared online features a former health worker making a number of false claims about the Covid-19 pandemic, and vaccines.  This is incorrect.  Covid-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  As we have written previously, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated in laboratories around the world many times since it was discovered.   Dr Stephen Griffin, a virologist and Associate Professor at Leeds Institute of Medical Research, previously told Full Fact: “SARS-CoV2 has been sampled millions of times over from infected people, including those originally found to be infected in China”.   We have written about the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme many times before.  The UK’s Yellow Card scheme collects and monitors safety concerns involving any medicines and medical devices such as suspected or potential side effects. This relies on voluntary reporting from medics and members of the public and aims to provide an early warning that the safety of a medicine or a medical device may require further investigation.  According to  MHRA data up to 26 May 2021, there were around a quarter of a million Yellow Card reports for the Covid-19 vaccines.  Of those, there were 885,980 suspected reactions (because one Yellow Card may report multiple symptoms). These range from sore arms and ‘flu like’ symptoms to some of the more significant suspected reactions. It’s correct that 1,253 deaths had been reported.  But we don’t know that these reactions or deaths were caused by the vaccine, and they certainly aren’t all cases where hospitals or doctors have agreed that it was the vaccine’s fault. As explained by the MHRA “It is very important to note that a Yellow Card report does not necessarily mean the vaccine caused that reaction or event. We ask for any suspicions to be reported, even if the reporter isn’t sure if it was caused by the vaccine. Reports to the scheme are known as suspected adverse reactions (ADRs). “Many suspected ADRs reported on a Yellow Card do not have any relation to the vaccine or medicine and it is often coincidental that they both occurred around the same time. The reports are continually reviewed to detect possible new side effects that may require regulatory action, and to differentiate these from things that would have happened regardless of the vaccine or medicine being administered, for instance due to underlying or undiagnosed illness.” Specifically related to deaths reported to the Yellow Card scheme, the MHRA has said: “Vaccination and surveillance of large populations means that, by chance, some people will experience and report a new illness or events in the days and weeks after vaccination” and that thousands of deaths are expected to have occurred naturally within a few days of the millions of vaccine doses given so far, mostly in the elderly. On 7 April 2021, the MHRA issued a statement advising on a possible link between the AstraZeneca vaccine and a very rare and specific type of blood clot seen in the context of low platelets. As a precaution, because of the balance of risks from Covid-19 for young people, in addition to an individualised assessment of those who are at an increased risk of blood clots, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has advised that people under the age of 40 in the UK should be offered an alternative Covid-19 vaccine.  As of 23 June 2021, there have been 298,081 Yellow Cards reported for the Covid-19 vaccines, including just over a million suspected reactions. This included 1,403 deaths.   It’s not quite clear what this claim means. A Google search of 85% in relation to Covid-19 vaccines directs you towards the results of studies into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people aged over 80. One, for example, is a Public Health England report into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people over the age of 80. The report says that PHE data shows that two doses of vaccine have an effectiveness against mortality of around 85%. This means that they reduce the risk of dying from Covid-19. It does not mean that people who receive the vaccine only have an 85% chance of survival.  As a quick sense check, if the 85% chance of survival was true, it would mean that 15% of people who received a Covid-19 vaccine died afterwards as a result. Given that up to 6 July 2021, roughly 45 million first doses of Covid-19 vaccine have been administered in the UK, this would result in approximately seven million deaths—which clearly hasn’t happened.     All three of the vaccines currently in use in the UK (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna) have been authorised for use. A fourth, Janssen has been authorised, but is not yet in use.  Across the UK, the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine has a temporary authorisation (sometimes known as a regulation 174 authorisation) issued by the MHRA.  In Great Britain, the Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines have another type of authorisation, called a “conditional marketing authorisation” which has been issued by the MHRA. We have written more about the difference between these types of authorisation before.  The European Medicines Agency has authorised the use of all four of these vaccines, under its own conditional marketing authorisation. It is under these authorisations that the AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines are made available in Northern Ireland.  As we have written previously, the Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines have all had analysis of safety and efficacy data from phase three trials (involving tens of thousands of participants) published in peer-reviewed articles in medical journals such as The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine. Long-term protection and safety data will continue to be collected over the next couple of years, and so the completion dates for the trials are in 2022 and 2023.  The FDA has also authorised the use of the Pfizer, Moderna and Janssen vaccines.   It’s not clear whether it is being claimed that the vaccines themselves or the act of giving them is in breach of the ethical research principles that were developed in the wake of Nazi attrocities.  Either way, as we’ve written before, medical ethics, healthcare law and social epidemiology experts have told us that the principles of the Nuremberg Code are not applicable to the current vaccine roll-out.","https://www.facebook.com/david.faleymartin/videos/10160548038101980,https://brandnewtube.com/watch/parents-watch-now-ex-nhs-nurse-louise-hampton-speaks-the-truth-amp-facts-please-share_QMn9Nqmmmb7NYp4.html,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-53948820,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://theconversation.com/i-study-viruses-how-our-team-isolated-the-new-coronavirus-to-fight-the-global-pandemic-133675,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045880/,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-side-effects-express/,https://fullfact.org/online/yellow-card-astrazeneca-reactions/,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/do-not-resuscitate-video/,https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/the-yellow-card-scheme/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210605171951/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/994726/20210616_Coronavirus_vaccine_-_summary_of_Yellow_Card_reporting__v2_-_clean.pdf#page=16,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advises-on-covid-19-vaccine-for-people-aged-under-40,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf,https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2021/02/23/covid-19-analysing-first-vaccine-effectiveness-in-the-uk/,https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1088,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf#page=3,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-uk-recipients-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/conditions-of-authorisation-for-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#history,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/vaccines-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-authorised#authorised-covid-19-vaccines-section,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/conditional-marketing-authorisation,https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/eu-exit-frequently-asked-questions,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines,https://fullfact.org/health/nuremberg-code-covid/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video in a car shares misinformation about Covid-19 vaccines,,,,,, -15,,,,Other,Daniella de Block Golding,2021-07-06,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/car-multiclaim-video/,The Covid-19 vaccines are a mass clinical trial and won’t get to phase 3 trials until 2023.,2021-07-06,fullfact,,"A video shared online features a former health worker making a number of false claims about the Covid-19 pandemic, and vaccines.  This is incorrect.  Covid-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.  As we have written previously, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated in laboratories around the world many times since it was discovered.   Dr Stephen Griffin, a virologist and Associate Professor at Leeds Institute of Medical Research, previously told Full Fact: “SARS-CoV2 has been sampled millions of times over from infected people, including those originally found to be infected in China”.   We have written about the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme many times before.  The UK’s Yellow Card scheme collects and monitors safety concerns involving any medicines and medical devices such as suspected or potential side effects. This relies on voluntary reporting from medics and members of the public and aims to provide an early warning that the safety of a medicine or a medical device may require further investigation.  According to  MHRA data up to 26 May 2021, there were around a quarter of a million Yellow Card reports for the Covid-19 vaccines.  Of those, there were 885,980 suspected reactions (because one Yellow Card may report multiple symptoms). These range from sore arms and ‘flu like’ symptoms to some of the more significant suspected reactions. It’s correct that 1,253 deaths had been reported.  But we don’t know that these reactions or deaths were caused by the vaccine, and they certainly aren’t all cases where hospitals or doctors have agreed that it was the vaccine’s fault. As explained by the MHRA “It is very important to note that a Yellow Card report does not necessarily mean the vaccine caused that reaction or event. We ask for any suspicions to be reported, even if the reporter isn’t sure if it was caused by the vaccine. Reports to the scheme are known as suspected adverse reactions (ADRs). “Many suspected ADRs reported on a Yellow Card do not have any relation to the vaccine or medicine and it is often coincidental that they both occurred around the same time. The reports are continually reviewed to detect possible new side effects that may require regulatory action, and to differentiate these from things that would have happened regardless of the vaccine or medicine being administered, for instance due to underlying or undiagnosed illness.” Specifically related to deaths reported to the Yellow Card scheme, the MHRA has said: “Vaccination and surveillance of large populations means that, by chance, some people will experience and report a new illness or events in the days and weeks after vaccination” and that thousands of deaths are expected to have occurred naturally within a few days of the millions of vaccine doses given so far, mostly in the elderly. On 7 April 2021, the MHRA issued a statement advising on a possible link between the AstraZeneca vaccine and a very rare and specific type of blood clot seen in the context of low platelets. As a precaution, because of the balance of risks from Covid-19 for young people, in addition to an individualised assessment of those who are at an increased risk of blood clots, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has advised that people under the age of 40 in the UK should be offered an alternative Covid-19 vaccine.  As of 23 June 2021, there have been 298,081 Yellow Cards reported for the Covid-19 vaccines, including just over a million suspected reactions. This included 1,403 deaths.   It’s not quite clear what this claim means. A Google search of 85% in relation to Covid-19 vaccines directs you towards the results of studies into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people aged over 80. One, for example, is a Public Health England report into the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in people over the age of 80. The report says that PHE data shows that two doses of vaccine have an effectiveness against mortality of around 85%. This means that they reduce the risk of dying from Covid-19. It does not mean that people who receive the vaccine only have an 85% chance of survival.  As a quick sense check, if the 85% chance of survival was true, it would mean that 15% of people who received a Covid-19 vaccine died afterwards as a result. Given that up to 6 July 2021, roughly 45 million first doses of Covid-19 vaccine have been administered in the UK, this would result in approximately seven million deaths—which clearly hasn’t happened.     All three of the vaccines currently in use in the UK (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna) have been authorised for use. A fourth, Janssen has been authorised, but is not yet in use.  Across the UK, the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine has a temporary authorisation (sometimes known as a regulation 174 authorisation) issued by the MHRA.  In Great Britain, the Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines have another type of authorisation, called a “conditional marketing authorisation” which has been issued by the MHRA. We have written more about the difference between these types of authorisation before.  The European Medicines Agency has authorised the use of all four of these vaccines, under its own conditional marketing authorisation. It is under these authorisations that the AstraZeneca, Moderna and Janssen vaccines are made available in Northern Ireland.  As we have written previously, the Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines have all had analysis of safety and efficacy data from phase three trials (involving tens of thousands of participants) published in peer-reviewed articles in medical journals such as The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine. Long-term protection and safety data will continue to be collected over the next couple of years, and so the completion dates for the trials are in 2022 and 2023.  The FDA has also authorised the use of the Pfizer, Moderna and Janssen vaccines.   It’s not clear whether it is being claimed that the vaccines themselves or the act of giving them is in breach of the ethical research principles that were developed in the wake of Nazi attrocities.  Either way, as we’ve written before, medical ethics, healthcare law and social epidemiology experts have told us that the principles of the Nuremberg Code are not applicable to the current vaccine roll-out.","https://www.facebook.com/david.faleymartin/videos/10160548038101980,https://brandnewtube.com/watch/parents-watch-now-ex-nhs-nurse-louise-hampton-speaks-the-truth-amp-facts-please-share_QMn9Nqmmmb7NYp4.html,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-53948820,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://theconversation.com/i-study-viruses-how-our-team-isolated-the-new-coronavirus-to-fight-the-global-pandemic-133675,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045880/,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0516_article,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-side-effects-express/,https://fullfact.org/online/yellow-card-astrazeneca-reactions/,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/do-not-resuscitate-video/,https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/the-yellow-card-scheme/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210605171951/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/994726/20210616_Coronavirus_vaccine_-_summary_of_Yellow_Card_reporting__v2_-_clean.pdf#page=16,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advises-on-covid-19-vaccine-for-people-aged-under-40,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#summary,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf,https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2021/02/23/covid-19-analysing-first-vaccine-effectiveness-in-the-uk/,https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1088,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989360/PHE_COVID-19_vaccine_effectiveness_report_March_2021_v2.pdf#page=3,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-uk-recipients-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/conditions-of-authorisation-for-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca#history,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/vaccines-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines-authorised#authorised-covid-19-vaccines-section,https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/conditional-marketing-authorisation,https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/eu-exit-frequently-asked-questions,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines,https://fullfact.org/health/nuremberg-code-covid/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Video in a car shares misinformation about Covid-19 vaccines,,,,,, -16,,,,Other,Pippa Allen-Kinross,2021-07-02,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/lateral-flow-tests-cordial/,"Diluted cordial poured onto a lateral flow test appears to test positive, meaning the tests are a farce.",2021-07-02,fullfact,,"A widely shared post on Facebook claims that lateral flow tests are “a big farce” because pouring some diluted cordial onto one appeared to give a positive Covid-19 result. The poster also claims this means they would falsely test positive after drinking.  As we have written many times before, the acidity in some foods and drinks can break a test and cause a second line to appear, as if the test were positive.  This does not mean that the tests are unreliable when used correctly, and it does not mean that the foods and drinks used to break the test are really positive for Covid-19. Lateral flow tests are unlikely to give a false positive result if used correctly. To avoid the risk of consumed food or drink affecting the result of a lateral flow test, government guidance states: “Do not eat or drink for at least 30 minutes before doing the test to reduce the risk of spoiling the test.” We have previously fact checked similar claims about ketchup, oranges, kiwi fruit and Coca-Cola.  Using food and drinks on lateral flow tests has been in the news after reports that pupils are attempting to get time off school by using liquids like lemon juice to create false positive results.","https://www.facebook.com/gem.turner.90/posts/10165545601115154,https://fullfact.org/online/ketchup-squash-fruit/,https://www.apr.cz/data/uploads/covid-19/cpr_05_diaquick-covid-19-ag-cassette_2020-09-18.pdf,https://en.joysbio.com/covid-19-antigen-rapid-test-kit/,https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Options-use-of-rapid-antigen-tests-for-COVID-19.pdf#page=4,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/957271/COVID-19-self-test-instructions.pdf#page=4,https://fullfact.org/online/ketchup-covid-positive-lateral-flow-test/,https://fullfact.org/online/orange-covid-positive/,https://fullfact.org/online/kiwi-covid/,https://inews.co.uk/news/technology/tiktok-fake-covid-positive-test-schools-1079693,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Pouring diluted cordial onto a Covid-19 test won’t give an accurate result,,,,,, -17,,,,Other,Pippa Allen-Kinross,2021-07-02,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/news/michael-gove-public-first/,The court found there was no actual bias in the awarding of a contract to Public First.,2021-07-02,fullfact,,"During an appearance on Sky News on 15 June, Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Michael Gove was asked about a recent ruling at the High Court on the government’s decision to award a £560,000 contract to marketing agency Public First during the pandemic. The agency is run by former colleagues of both Mr Gove and Dominic Cummings, the former chief adviser to the Prime Minister.  Mr Gove insisted the High Court did not find “actual bias” in the decision to award the contract, and there was no breach of the ministerial code. We take a look at what the ruling found.  The legal action was taken by The Good Law Project into the decision to award the contract to Public First “for the provision of focus group and communications support services.” It challenged the decision to award the contract on three grounds: that the government didn’t have the basis for awarding the contract without competition, that the award of the contract for a period of six months was disproportionate, and that the decision to award this contract to Public First gave rise to “apparent bias”, as observers would conclude there was bias due to the connections between Mr Cummings, Mr Gove and the directors of Public First. Lawyers for the Cabinet Office disputed the claims and argued that there was no time to run a procurement process due to the pandemic, and the decision to award the contract was based on professional assessment rather than personal connections.  They argued that “in all the circumstances of the case, a fair-minded and informed observer, who had knowledge of the facts, would not conclude that there was a real possibility that the decision maker was biased.” The claimant failed on the first two grounds. However, the judge held that the decision making process which led to the award of the contract did give rise to “apparent bias” and so was unlawful.   The ruling said: “The defendant's failure to consider any other research agency, by reference to experience, expertise, availability or capacity, would lead a fair-minded and informed observer to conclude that there was a real possibility, or a real danger, that the decision-maker was biased."" But it also added: ""The fair-minded and informed observer would have appreciated that there was an urgent need for research through focus groups on effective communications in response to the Covid-19 crisis and that those research services were required immediately."" The ruling also stated that neither Mr Gove nor Mr Cummings “had any involvement in the appointment of Public First” to carry out initial work in February 2020. This work then turned into a six month contract, awarded in June 2020. The ruling does not state whether or not Mr Gove had any involvement with the awarding of this contract. Mr Gove said on Sky News that the court found there was “no actual bias” in its ruling, something which was disputed by The Good Law Project’s director Jolyon Maugham on Twitter. What is important here is that there is more than one kind of bias. ‘Actual bias’ means that the decision-maker was prejudiced in favour or against a particular party (in this case Public First), while ‘apparent bias’ means that a fair minded and informed observer would conclude that there was a real possibility of bias.  In the ruling, it clearly states: “There is no suggestion of actual bias in this case. The allegation is that the circumstances in which the contract was awarded to Public First gave rise to apparent bias.” It also states: “It is emphasised that the court is not concerned with any suggestion of actual bias. But as explained above, the absence of actual bias is not in itself a defence to an allegation of apparent bias.” This means that the court did not find actual bias in this case. Actual bias was never alleged by The Good Law Project or examined by the court. Therefore Mr Gove’s claim that “the court found that there was no actual bias” is wrong. The Ministerial Code is a set of rules and principles which set the standards of conduct for government ministers. It is not legally binding.  The Institute for Government explains that, when a break of the UK Ministerial Code is alleged to have taken place, “whether and how it is investigated is entirely at the prime minister’s discretion.” The Ministerial Code says: “Holders of public office must act and take decisions impartially, fairly and on merit, using the best evidence and without discrimination or bias.” Labour has demanded an investigation into whether Mr Gove breached the code following the ruling. However, the Cabinet Office has said there will be no investigation as Mr Gove was not personally involved in the decision to award the contract.","https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/good-law-project-v-cabinet-office/,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-57413115,https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Good-Law-Project-v-Cabinet-Office-judgment.pdf#page=4,https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/good-law-project-v-cabinet-office/,https://twitter.com/JolyonMaugham/status/1404725232246661122?s=20,https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Good-Law-Project-v-Cabinet-Office-judgment.pdf#page=34,https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Good-Law-Project-v-Cabinet-Office-judgment.pdf#page=39,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/ministerial-code,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/ministerial-code,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/826920/August-2019-MINISTERIAL-CODE-FINAL-FORMATTED-2.pdf#page=32,https://labour.org.uk/press/labour-demands-investigation-into-ministerial-code-breach-over-unlawful-michael-gove-contract/,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/09/covid-contract-for-firm-run-by-cummings-friends-was-unlawful-judge-rules,https://fullfact.org/news/boris-johnson-whatsapp-covid-life-expectancy-cummings/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/news/what-has-prime-minister-said-about-booing-england-players/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/news/times-woke-survey/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/news/sun-cancel-culture/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/news/matt-hancock-private-email/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Was Michael Gove right about court ruling over bias in contracts?,,,,,, -18,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-29,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Hart-Newsround-report-misleading/,Children are more likely to produce more harmful spike proteins after they’ve been vaccinated.,2021-06-29,fullfact,,"An online article by science pressure group the Health Advisory and Recovery Team (HART) has claimed a video by children’s TV show Newsround made a number of misleading claims about the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for children.  Since the video was released, Newsround made one correction in an accompanying article on its website stating “the claim that the vaccine is 100% safe has been removed from an online transcript of this article.”  It also included a statement from UK drug regulator the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).  It said: ""We have carefully reviewed clinical trial data in children aged 12 to 15 years and have concluded that the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective in this age group and that the benefits of this vaccine outweigh any risk."" However, a number of other claims HART made are themselves misleading.  HART said this Pfizer trial was “grossly underpowered” to detect relatively rare serious events as only 1,131 children received the vaccine in the trial and claimed that seven of the children in the trial had severe adverse events associated with the vaccine, one of which was life-threatening. It also raised questions over the ability of the trial to demonstrate efficacy, claiming that because the risk of symptomatic Covid-19 in children is so low, you would need to vaccinate more than two million people to detect one death.  It is true that the trial, which had over 6,000 participants, was too small to detect very rare adverse events. Dr Jason Oke, senior statistician at the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, told Full Fact “Trials are rarely, if ever, of sufficient size (or powered) to detect differences in rare adverse events and this trial...is no exception.  “So, I would say that [HART’s] statement is not incorrect but I would suggest that this issue is not unique to this study.” While seven serious adverse events were detected among the vaccine trial group, none of the events were recorded as being related to the vaccine.  HART’s assessment of Pfizer’s efficacy data (which found 18 cases of Covid-19 in the unvaccinated group, and none in the vaccinated group) appears to only consider vaccination worthwhile if it prevents death.  While the trial was too small to detect a difference in Covid-19 deaths, that was not its purpose. It set out to measure the impact of efficacy of vaccines in reducing the risk of Covid-19, and found the vaccine worked. As Full Fact and others have reported, the vaccine is not only to reduce the risk of dying from Covid-19 (which we have previously reported is close to one in 100,000 in children who catch the disease) but to reduce non-lethal but harmful symptomatic Covid-19, transmission of the disease, and long Covid. HART also cited an open letter to CEO of the MHRA Dr June Raine as evidence of the vaccines’ harmfulness, claiming it was an “independent preliminary Yellow Card reporting review (which) advises that all COVID-19 vaccination should be halted, pending a full independent safety enquiry.” The “review” argues that 1,253 deaths and 888,196 adverse reactions (ADR) reported via the Yellow Card Scheme were “covid-19 vaccine attributed”.  We’ve said on a number of occasions that reporting of deaths and adverse events following a vaccine does not mean they are connected.  Some adverse events have been investigated and are possibly linked to vaccination. The MHRA has received reports of 389 cases of blood clotting following the AstraZeneca vaccine, of which 68 were fatal. Its advice remains “that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks in the majority of people.”  Under 40s however are being offered an alternative to the AstraZeneca vaccine.  According to the latest statistics, there have been 395 instances of anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions in response to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, 16 instances after the Moderna vaccine and 760 after the AstraZeneca vaccine. Anyone with a history of allergic reactions to the Pfizer vaccine or hypersensitivity to the Moderna vaccine have been told to not receive those vaccines.  Reports of Bell’s Palsy (a type of facial paralysis) have been analysed but “so far is similar to the expected natural rate and does not currently suggest an increased risk following the vaccines.” There have been eight reports of Capillary Leak Syndrome (where fluid leaks from the small blood vessels into the body, which can lead to organ failure and death). While it is an extremely rare condition, whose triggers are not well understood, the MHRA has advised the AstraZeneca vaccine should not be used by anyone with a history of such episodes.  The MHRA also monitored reports of myocarditis and pericarditis (inflammatory heart conditions) following vaccination. It says the reports are “very rare”, “typically mild” and people should attend for vaccination when invited “unless advised otherwise.” A range of menstrual disorders have been reported after the Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines but the number of reports are said to be low in relation to the number of women who have had their vaccine and how common such disorders are generally. Of other adverse events with a fatal outcome following vaccination “review of individual reports and patterns of reporting does not suggest the vaccine played a role in the death.” HART also claimed that children produce more spike proteins generated by the Covid-19 vaccine.  It claimed recent evidence shows these proteins are harmful. We believe this refers to statements made by viral immunologist Byram Bridle who claimed, just as spike proteins from the Covid-19 virus can enter the bloodstream and cause cellular damage, so can spike proteins generated by the Covid-19 vaccine. While we don’t know whether children produce more spike proteins following vaccination we recently fact checked Mr Bridle’s comments. Spike proteins generated by the vaccines work differently to those generated by the Covid-19 virus, and so the assumption that spike proteins generated by the vaccine could also harm cells in the bloodstream is unevidenced..  His theory has also been addressed by a number of other scientists and fact checkers.  HART also noted Newsround hadn’t mentioned some of the Pfizer vaccine's side effects, citing a recent FDA report and an upcoming U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emergency meeting on associated myocarditis (an inflammation of the heart, which can lead to heart failure). The CDC reported earlier this month that more than half of the myocarditis cases reported to the U.S Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System after the second dose of either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines were in people aged between 12 and 24.  This has led to the FDA adding a warning to the Pfizer and Modera vaccines.  As noted earlier, the MHRA has received reports of myocarditis following vaccination but say instances are very rare, events were typically mild and individuals should still come forward for their vaccine unless advised not to.","https://www.hartgroup.org/bbc-newsround-vaccine/,https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57389353,https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57389353,https://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa2107456/suppl_file/nejmoa2107456_appendix.pdf#page=10,https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210331005503/en/,https://fullfact.org/online/risk-children-death-covid/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-in-children/,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-QA-graphic/,https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-nhs-to-launch-long-covid-services-for-children-12332812,https://fullfact.org/online/Piers-Corbyn-wrong-covid-vaccine-figures/,https://fullfact.org/health/do-not-resuscitate-video/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-57021738,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.ukcolumn.org/community/forums/topic/dr-byram-bridle-assoc-prof-of-viral-immunology-latest-vaccine-research/,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-vaccine-safe-idUSL2N2NX1J6,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://www.fda.gov/media/150054/download,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/agenda-archive/agenda-2021-06-18-508.pdf,https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-heart-inflammation-cases-ages-16-24-higher-than-expected-after-mrna-covid-19-2021-06-10/,https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/953647,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Critical report on BBC Newsround story is misleading,,,,,, -19,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-29,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Hart-Newsround-report-misleading/,Children are more likely to produce more harmful spike proteins after they’ve been vaccinated.,2021-06-29,fullfact,,"An online article by science pressure group the Health Advisory and Recovery Team (HART) has claimed a video by children’s TV show Newsround made a number of misleading claims about the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for children.  Since the video was released, Newsround made one correction in an accompanying article on its website stating “the claim that the vaccine is 100% safe has been removed from an online transcript of this article.”  It also included a statement from UK drug regulator the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).  It said: ""We have carefully reviewed clinical trial data in children aged 12 to 15 years and have concluded that the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective in this age group and that the benefits of this vaccine outweigh any risk."" However, a number of other claims HART made are themselves misleading.  HART said this Pfizer trial was “grossly underpowered” to detect relatively rare serious events as only 1,131 children received the vaccine in the trial and claimed that seven of the children in the trial had severe adverse events associated with the vaccine, one of which was life-threatening. It also raised questions over the ability of the trial to demonstrate efficacy, claiming that because the risk of symptomatic Covid-19 in children is so low, you would need to vaccinate more than two million people to detect one death.  It is true that the trial, which had over 6,000 participants, was too small to detect very rare adverse events. Dr Jason Oke, senior statistician at the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, told Full Fact “Trials are rarely, if ever, of sufficient size (or powered) to detect differences in rare adverse events and this trial...is no exception.  “So, I would say that [HART’s] statement is not incorrect but I would suggest that this issue is not unique to this study.” While seven serious adverse events were detected among the vaccine trial group, none of the events were recorded as being related to the vaccine.  HART’s assessment of Pfizer’s efficacy data (which found 18 cases of Covid-19 in the unvaccinated group, and none in the vaccinated group) appears to only consider vaccination worthwhile if it prevents death.  While the trial was too small to detect a difference in Covid-19 deaths, that was not its purpose. It set out to measure the impact of efficacy of vaccines in reducing the risk of Covid-19, and found the vaccine worked. As Full Fact and others have reported, the vaccine is not only to reduce the risk of dying from Covid-19 (which we have previously reported is close to one in 100,000 in children who catch the disease) but to reduce non-lethal but harmful symptomatic Covid-19, transmission of the disease, and long Covid. HART also cited an open letter to CEO of the MHRA Dr June Raine as evidence of the vaccines’ harmfulness, claiming it was an “independent preliminary Yellow Card reporting review (which) advises that all COVID-19 vaccination should be halted, pending a full independent safety enquiry.” The “review” argues that 1,253 deaths and 888,196 adverse reactions (ADR) reported via the Yellow Card Scheme were “covid-19 vaccine attributed”.  We’ve said on a number of occasions that reporting of deaths and adverse events following a vaccine does not mean they are connected.  Some adverse events have been investigated and are possibly linked to vaccination. The MHRA has received reports of 389 cases of blood clotting following the AstraZeneca vaccine, of which 68 were fatal. Its advice remains “that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks in the majority of people.”  Under 40s however are being offered an alternative to the AstraZeneca vaccine.  According to the latest statistics, there have been 395 instances of anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions in response to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, 16 instances after the Moderna vaccine and 760 after the AstraZeneca vaccine. Anyone with a history of allergic reactions to the Pfizer vaccine or hypersensitivity to the Moderna vaccine have been told to not receive those vaccines.  Reports of Bell’s Palsy (a type of facial paralysis) have been analysed but “so far is similar to the expected natural rate and does not currently suggest an increased risk following the vaccines.” There have been eight reports of Capillary Leak Syndrome (where fluid leaks from the small blood vessels into the body, which can lead to organ failure and death). While it is an extremely rare condition, whose triggers are not well understood, the MHRA has advised the AstraZeneca vaccine should not be used by anyone with a history of such episodes.  The MHRA also monitored reports of myocarditis and pericarditis (inflammatory heart conditions) following vaccination. It says the reports are “very rare”, “typically mild” and people should attend for vaccination when invited “unless advised otherwise.” A range of menstrual disorders have been reported after the Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines but the number of reports are said to be low in relation to the number of women who have had their vaccine and how common such disorders are generally. Of other adverse events with a fatal outcome following vaccination “review of individual reports and patterns of reporting does not suggest the vaccine played a role in the death.” HART also claimed that children produce more spike proteins generated by the Covid-19 vaccine.  It claimed recent evidence shows these proteins are harmful. We believe this refers to statements made by viral immunologist Byram Bridle who claimed, just as spike proteins from the Covid-19 virus can enter the bloodstream and cause cellular damage, so can spike proteins generated by the Covid-19 vaccine. While we don’t know whether children produce more spike proteins following vaccination we recently fact checked Mr Bridle’s comments. Spike proteins generated by the vaccines work differently to those generated by the Covid-19 virus, and so the assumption that spike proteins generated by the vaccine could also harm cells in the bloodstream is unevidenced..  His theory has also been addressed by a number of other scientists and fact checkers.  HART also noted Newsround hadn’t mentioned some of the Pfizer vaccine's side effects, citing a recent FDA report and an upcoming U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emergency meeting on associated myocarditis (an inflammation of the heart, which can lead to heart failure). The CDC reported earlier this month that more than half of the myocarditis cases reported to the U.S Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System after the second dose of either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines were in people aged between 12 and 24.  This has led to the FDA adding a warning to the Pfizer and Modera vaccines.  As noted earlier, the MHRA has received reports of myocarditis following vaccination but say instances are very rare, events were typically mild and individuals should still come forward for their vaccine unless advised not to.","https://www.hartgroup.org/bbc-newsround-vaccine/,https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57389353,https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57389353,https://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa2107456/suppl_file/nejmoa2107456_appendix.pdf#page=10,https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210331005503/en/,https://fullfact.org/online/risk-children-death-covid/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-in-children/,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-QA-graphic/,https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-nhs-to-launch-long-covid-services-for-children-12332812,https://fullfact.org/online/Piers-Corbyn-wrong-covid-vaccine-figures/,https://fullfact.org/health/do-not-resuscitate-video/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-57021738,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.ukcolumn.org/community/forums/topic/dr-byram-bridle-assoc-prof-of-viral-immunology-latest-vaccine-research/,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-vaccine-safe-idUSL2N2NX1J6,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://www.fda.gov/media/150054/download,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/agenda-archive/agenda-2021-06-18-508.pdf,https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-heart-inflammation-cases-ages-16-24-higher-than-expected-after-mrna-covid-19-2021-06-10/,https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/953647,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Critical report on BBC Newsround story is misleading,,,,,, -20,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-29,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Hart-Newsround-report-misleading/,Children are more likely to produce more harmful spike proteins after they’ve been vaccinated.,2021-06-29,fullfact,,"An online article by science pressure group the Health Advisory and Recovery Team (HART) has claimed a video by children’s TV show Newsround made a number of misleading claims about the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for children.  Since the video was released, Newsround made one correction in an accompanying article on its website stating “the claim that the vaccine is 100% safe has been removed from an online transcript of this article.”  It also included a statement from UK drug regulator the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).  It said: ""We have carefully reviewed clinical trial data in children aged 12 to 15 years and have concluded that the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective in this age group and that the benefits of this vaccine outweigh any risk."" However, a number of other claims HART made are themselves misleading.  HART said this Pfizer trial was “grossly underpowered” to detect relatively rare serious events as only 1,131 children received the vaccine in the trial and claimed that seven of the children in the trial had severe adverse events associated with the vaccine, one of which was life-threatening. It also raised questions over the ability of the trial to demonstrate efficacy, claiming that because the risk of symptomatic Covid-19 in children is so low, you would need to vaccinate more than two million people to detect one death.  It is true that the trial, which had over 6,000 participants, was too small to detect very rare adverse events. Dr Jason Oke, senior statistician at the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, told Full Fact “Trials are rarely, if ever, of sufficient size (or powered) to detect differences in rare adverse events and this trial...is no exception.  “So, I would say that [HART’s] statement is not incorrect but I would suggest that this issue is not unique to this study.” While seven serious adverse events were detected among the vaccine trial group, none of the events were recorded as being related to the vaccine.  HART’s assessment of Pfizer’s efficacy data (which found 18 cases of Covid-19 in the unvaccinated group, and none in the vaccinated group) appears to only consider vaccination worthwhile if it prevents death.  While the trial was too small to detect a difference in Covid-19 deaths, that was not its purpose. It set out to measure the impact of efficacy of vaccines in reducing the risk of Covid-19, and found the vaccine worked. As Full Fact and others have reported, the vaccine is not only to reduce the risk of dying from Covid-19 (which we have previously reported is close to one in 100,000 in children who catch the disease) but to reduce non-lethal but harmful symptomatic Covid-19, transmission of the disease, and long Covid. HART also cited an open letter to CEO of the MHRA Dr June Raine as evidence of the vaccines’ harmfulness, claiming it was an “independent preliminary Yellow Card reporting review (which) advises that all COVID-19 vaccination should be halted, pending a full independent safety enquiry.” The “review” argues that 1,253 deaths and 888,196 adverse reactions (ADR) reported via the Yellow Card Scheme were “covid-19 vaccine attributed”.  We’ve said on a number of occasions that reporting of deaths and adverse events following a vaccine does not mean they are connected.  Some adverse events have been investigated and are possibly linked to vaccination. The MHRA has received reports of 389 cases of blood clotting following the AstraZeneca vaccine, of which 68 were fatal. Its advice remains “that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks in the majority of people.”  Under 40s however are being offered an alternative to the AstraZeneca vaccine.  According to the latest statistics, there have been 395 instances of anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions in response to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, 16 instances after the Moderna vaccine and 760 after the AstraZeneca vaccine. Anyone with a history of allergic reactions to the Pfizer vaccine or hypersensitivity to the Moderna vaccine have been told to not receive those vaccines.  Reports of Bell’s Palsy (a type of facial paralysis) have been analysed but “so far is similar to the expected natural rate and does not currently suggest an increased risk following the vaccines.” There have been eight reports of Capillary Leak Syndrome (where fluid leaks from the small blood vessels into the body, which can lead to organ failure and death). While it is an extremely rare condition, whose triggers are not well understood, the MHRA has advised the AstraZeneca vaccine should not be used by anyone with a history of such episodes.  The MHRA also monitored reports of myocarditis and pericarditis (inflammatory heart conditions) following vaccination. It says the reports are “very rare”, “typically mild” and people should attend for vaccination when invited “unless advised otherwise.” A range of menstrual disorders have been reported after the Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca and Moderna vaccines but the number of reports are said to be low in relation to the number of women who have had their vaccine and how common such disorders are generally. Of other adverse events with a fatal outcome following vaccination “review of individual reports and patterns of reporting does not suggest the vaccine played a role in the death.” HART also claimed that children produce more spike proteins generated by the Covid-19 vaccine.  It claimed recent evidence shows these proteins are harmful. We believe this refers to statements made by viral immunologist Byram Bridle who claimed, just as spike proteins from the Covid-19 virus can enter the bloodstream and cause cellular damage, so can spike proteins generated by the Covid-19 vaccine. While we don’t know whether children produce more spike proteins following vaccination we recently fact checked Mr Bridle’s comments. Spike proteins generated by the vaccines work differently to those generated by the Covid-19 virus, and so the assumption that spike proteins generated by the vaccine could also harm cells in the bloodstream is unevidenced..  His theory has also been addressed by a number of other scientists and fact checkers.  HART also noted Newsround hadn’t mentioned some of the Pfizer vaccine's side effects, citing a recent FDA report and an upcoming U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emergency meeting on associated myocarditis (an inflammation of the heart, which can lead to heart failure). The CDC reported earlier this month that more than half of the myocarditis cases reported to the U.S Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System after the second dose of either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines were in people aged between 12 and 24.  This has led to the FDA adding a warning to the Pfizer and Modera vaccines.  As noted earlier, the MHRA has received reports of myocarditis following vaccination but say instances are very rare, events were typically mild and individuals should still come forward for their vaccine unless advised not to.","https://www.hartgroup.org/bbc-newsround-vaccine/,https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57389353,https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57389353,https://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa2107456/suppl_file/nejmoa2107456_appendix.pdf#page=10,https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210331005503/en/,https://fullfact.org/online/risk-children-death-covid/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-in-children/,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-QA-graphic/,https://news.sky.com/story/covid-19-nhs-to-launch-long-covid-services-for-children-12332812,https://fullfact.org/online/Piers-Corbyn-wrong-covid-vaccine-figures/,https://fullfact.org/health/do-not-resuscitate-video/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-57021738,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting,https://www.ukcolumn.org/community/forums/topic/dr-byram-bridle-assoc-prof-of-viral-immunology-latest-vaccine-research/,https://fullfact.org/online/conservative-woman-vaccine-scientist-spike-protein/,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-vaccine-safe-idUSL2N2NX1J6,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/byram-bridles-claim-that-covid-19-vaccines-are-toxic-fails-to-account-for-key-differences-between-the-spike-protein-produced-during-infection-and-vaccination-misrepresents-studies/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-377989296609,https://www.fda.gov/media/150054/download,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/agenda-archive/agenda-2021-06-18-508.pdf,https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-heart-inflammation-cases-ages-16-24-higher-than-expected-after-mrna-covid-19-2021-06-10/,https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/953647,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Critical report on BBC Newsround story is misleading,,,,,, -21,,,,False,Tom Norton,2021-06-24,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/instagram-post-gets-it-wrong-about-covid-19-vaccines-and-animal-testing/,Covid-19 has a survival rate of 99.998%.,2021-06-24,fullfact,,"An Instagram post has made misleading claims about Covid-19 survival rates and vaccine safety testing.  It states: “99.998% chance of survival But takes part in human vaccine trial where they skipped animal testing.” Both of the claims are untrue. As we’ve covered many times before, the estimated Covid-19 survival rate has been estimated to be somewhere between 99-99.5%, though this has likely increased with the vaccine roll-out.  However, precise estimates are difficult to make because we don’t know the total number of people who caught Covid-19 and therefore what proportion survived. In any case, we can say the survival rate of the disease is lower than 99.98% because 0.2% of the population have already died with Covid-19 recorded as a cause on their death certificate, as this fact check explains. As we’ve said before the Moderna, Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines have all been tested on animals, as has the recently-approved Janssen vaccine. The confusion may have arisen from reports that the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines were permitted to carry out human trials concurrently with animal trials. The AstraZeneca vaccine was tested out on mice and monkeys before people. All of the vaccines required thorough assessment by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) before they were approved as safe for use. The MHRA continues to monitor the vaccines’ safety as well as any potential adverse effects.","https://www.instagram.com/p/CPTLjbnHz-G/?utm_source=ig_embed,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-ifr-more-01/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-QA-graphic/,https://perma.cc/MH8U-MJKF?type=image,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:9792931264,https://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/news/research-medical-benefits/how-effective-is-the-astrazenecaoxford-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Instagram post gets it wrong about Covid-19 vaccines and animal testing,,,,,, -22,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-06-23,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/nhs-data-cut-off/,"Data will be linked to your NHS number, date of birth and postcode.",2021-06-23,fullfact,,"A Facebook post with over 600 shares claims that the government “has told your GP to hand over your health data, including mental & sexual health, to third parties for payment” and the deadline to opt-out of this is 23 June 2021. This deadline has changed, and this claim needs context. From September, NHS Digital will start collecting patient data from GP records in England about all living patients, including children. This is called the General Practice Data for Planning and Research data collection, and it will be used to help the NHS improve health and care services, according to NHS Digital. As the post claims, this will include information about mental and sexual health, as well as diagnoses, symptoms, test results, medications, information about physical health, a person’s sex, ethnicity and which staff treated them. NHS Digital says it will not sell your data, but does have a price list “to cover the cost of processing and delivering our service” to external organisations who want to use it for health and care planning and research uses. We have written much more about who is allowed to access the data here. The post claims that “data will be linked to your NHS number, postcode & date of birth”. This claim needs more context. Although the data collection won’t include people’s names or where they live, details like NHS numbers, postcodes and dates of birth will be collected. However, this will go through a process called pseudonymisation, which means codes will be generated to replace these details.  NHS Digital says this means that no one will be able to directly identify you in the data, without also having access to the key that links each patient to their code. However, NHS Digital does make a distinction between pseudonymisation and complete anonymisation, and so although the data will be de-personalised it will not be completely anonymous (you can read more about the distinction here). NHS Digital maintains the keys to convert these codes back into data that could identify you, but won’t do that “unless in the circumstances of any specific request it is necessary for it to be provided in an identifiable form”.  The post claims that the date to opt-out of this data collection is 23 June, which was true until 8 June, when a minister in the Department for Health and Social Care, Jo Churchill, told the House of Commons the implementation date had changed from 1 July to 1 September. To opt-out, you need to print, fill in and return this document to your GP practice. It’s not clear when exactly you have to return the opt out form to your GP to make sure it gets processed before the new implementation day on 1 September. The previous deadline, of 23 June, was a week before implementation day.  If you opt-out after this deadline, no more data will be collected. NHS Digital told Full Fact: “With regards to [General Practice Data for Planning and Research] specifically, the data will start to flow from the 1 September and patients would need to opt out ahead of this date if they do not want their data to be shared.” The user’s caption of the Facebook post was wrong when it was written, on 21 June, although the screenshot of a Double Down News tweet it includes was posted before the deadline changed.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=5977364492333498&set=a.329142327155771&type=3,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/transparency-notice#how-sharing-patient-data-with-nhs-digital-helps-the-nhs-and-you,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research#what-data-is-shared,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/advice-for-the-public#we-are-not-going-to-sell-your-data,https://digital.nhs.uk/services/data-access-request-service-dars/data-access-request-service-dars-charges,https://fullfact.org/health/nhs-data/,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/transparency-notice#what-patient-data-we-collect,https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/intranet/information-governance/information-governance/what-is-the-difference-between-anonymisation-and-pseudonymisation,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/transparency-notice#who-we-share-your-patient-data-with,https://parliamentlive.tv/event/index/0aba1ed3-335d-4746-a65c-886b8adac067?in=12:01:51&out=12:02:51,https://nhs-prod.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/content/assets/website-assets/data-and-information/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/type-1-opt-out-form.docx,https://digital.nhs.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/collection-of-gp-data-for-planning-and-research-to-go-ahead-on-1-september-2021,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=5977364492333498&set=a.329142327155771&type=3,https://twitter.com/DoubleDownNews/status/1399008002510929922,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",The deadline for opting out of the NHS GP data collection has changed,,,,,, -23,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-06-23,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/nhs-data-cut-off/,"Data will be linked to your NHS number, date of birth and postcode.",2021-06-23,fullfact,,"A Facebook post with over 600 shares claims that the government “has told your GP to hand over your health data, including mental & sexual health, to third parties for payment” and the deadline to opt-out of this is 23 June 2021. This deadline has changed, and this claim needs context. From September, NHS Digital will start collecting patient data from GP records in England about all living patients, including children. This is called the General Practice Data for Planning and Research data collection, and it will be used to help the NHS improve health and care services, according to NHS Digital. As the post claims, this will include information about mental and sexual health, as well as diagnoses, symptoms, test results, medications, information about physical health, a person’s sex, ethnicity and which staff treated them. NHS Digital says it will not sell your data, but does have a price list “to cover the cost of processing and delivering our service” to external organisations who want to use it for health and care planning and research uses. We have written much more about who is allowed to access the data here. The post claims that “data will be linked to your NHS number, postcode & date of birth”. This claim needs more context. Although the data collection won’t include people’s names or where they live, details like NHS numbers, postcodes and dates of birth will be collected. However, this will go through a process called pseudonymisation, which means codes will be generated to replace these details.  NHS Digital says this means that no one will be able to directly identify you in the data, without also having access to the key that links each patient to their code. However, NHS Digital does make a distinction between pseudonymisation and complete anonymisation, and so although the data will be de-personalised it will not be completely anonymous (you can read more about the distinction here). NHS Digital maintains the keys to convert these codes back into data that could identify you, but won’t do that “unless in the circumstances of any specific request it is necessary for it to be provided in an identifiable form”.  The post claims that the date to opt-out of this data collection is 23 June, which was true until 8 June, when a minister in the Department for Health and Social Care, Jo Churchill, told the House of Commons the implementation date had changed from 1 July to 1 September. To opt-out, you need to print, fill in and return this document to your GP practice. It’s not clear when exactly you have to return the opt out form to your GP to make sure it gets processed before the new implementation day on 1 September. The previous deadline, of 23 June, was a week before implementation day.  If you opt-out after this deadline, no more data will be collected. NHS Digital told Full Fact: “With regards to [General Practice Data for Planning and Research] specifically, the data will start to flow from the 1 September and patients would need to opt out ahead of this date if they do not want their data to be shared.” The user’s caption of the Facebook post was wrong when it was written, on 21 June, although the screenshot of a Double Down News tweet it includes was posted before the deadline changed.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=5977364492333498&set=a.329142327155771&type=3,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/transparency-notice#how-sharing-patient-data-with-nhs-digital-helps-the-nhs-and-you,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research#what-data-is-shared,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/advice-for-the-public#we-are-not-going-to-sell-your-data,https://digital.nhs.uk/services/data-access-request-service-dars/data-access-request-service-dars-charges,https://fullfact.org/health/nhs-data/,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/transparency-notice#what-patient-data-we-collect,https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/intranet/information-governance/information-governance/what-is-the-difference-between-anonymisation-and-pseudonymisation,https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/transparency-notice#who-we-share-your-patient-data-with,https://parliamentlive.tv/event/index/0aba1ed3-335d-4746-a65c-886b8adac067?in=12:01:51&out=12:02:51,https://nhs-prod.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/content/assets/website-assets/data-and-information/data-collections/general-practice-data-for-planning-and-research/type-1-opt-out-form.docx,https://digital.nhs.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/collection-of-gp-data-for-planning-and-research-to-go-ahead-on-1-september-2021,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=5977364492333498&set=a.329142327155771&type=3,https://twitter.com/DoubleDownNews/status/1399008002510929922,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",The deadline for opting out of the NHS GP data collection has changed,,,,,, -24,,,,Other,Sarah Turnnidge,2021-06-23,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/british-airways-covid-vaccine/,British Airways have released a statement telling their pilots that they do not need to have a Covid-19 vaccine.,2021-06-23,fullfact,,"A post on Facebook claims that British Airways has released a statement telling their pilots that they don’t need to have a Covid-19 vaccine, and other airlines are not allowing people to fly who have had a vaccine.  Like other posts we’ve recently checked, the claims made in this post are based on the news that four British Airways pilots have recently died. The airline has confirmed this on social media, and a picture of four books of condolences, which appear to be genuine, have been widely circulated online.  British Airways recently told Full Fact that “there is no truth whatsoever in the claims on social media speculating that the four deaths are linked”, after claims that the deaths were linked to Covid-19 vaccines emerged.  British Airways has confirmed that it has not released a statement telling pilots that they do not need to have a Covid-19 vaccine, as the post claims. It said it has made no changes to guidance which says vaccines are a personal choice.  The post also claims that some of the airlines are “not letting people who’ve had one of the brands” of Covid-19 vaccine fly. This claim seems to originate from a Dutch article published on 26 May, which claims “airlines are now discussing their liability and what to do with the vaccinated as they are not allowed to fly because it is a health risk” and a Russian article, published 31 May, which says (in translation) that vaccinated people “may be banned from flying”. No evidence is given to substantiate either claim.  A similar article also appeared on a Swiss website, which linked to a Spanish article claiming (in translation) that “the main airlines in the world are discussing whether it is advisable to admit vaccinated customers”. Again, no evidence was provided for this claim and other fact checkers such as the Associated Press and Reuters found no record of meetings or discussions between airlines regarding this.  These articles draw links between vaccinated people flying and the risk of developing blood clots.The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency has identified a possible link between a type of extremely rare blood clot occurring together with low levels of platelets and the Oxford/AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine.  Allen Cheng, director of the Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology unit at Alfred Health in Melbourne, told ABC’s Fact Check team that this is a different type of blood clot to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is associated with sitting still for long periods of time, for example during a flight.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10159134286577305&set=a.257659997304&type=3&eid=ARCe88e4hlM-2NqMlNo7ZqUtw1yA4C2iaXEdH5dm4MjsfDdWT8uptsUdWqDAm0pq9a8-uGa6Sddk8ZSW,https://fullfact.org/online/british-airways-pilot-vaccine/,https://twitter.com/British_Airways/status/1405606519631007748,https://www.vrijspreker.nl/wp/2021/05/niet-vliegen-voor-gevaccineerden/,https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=https://www.osnmedia.ru/obshhestvo/ne-lgoty-a-ogranicheniya-privitym-ot-covid-19-mogut-zapretit-aviaperelety/&prev=search&pto=aue,https://uncutnews.ch/medien-in-spanien-und-russland-fluggesellschaften-gehen-das-problem-der-blutgerinnsel-an-und-empfehlen-geimpften-personen-nicht-zu-reisen,https://mpr21.info/las-aerolineas-se-enfrentan-al-problema-de-los-coagulos-con-recomendaciones-de-no-viajar-a-las-personas-vacunadas/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-248516222683,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-airlines-clots/fact-check-no-evidence-airlines-met-to-discuss-banning-vaccinated-passengers-idUSL2N2NX252,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-14/airlines-debunk-vaccinated-travellers-ban-rumours-coronacheck/100134084,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",British Airways hasn’t told their pilots they don’t need Covid-19 vaccine,,,,,, -25,,,,Other,Sarah Turnnidge,2021-06-23,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/british-airways-covid-vaccine/,British Airways have released a statement telling their pilots that they do not need to have a Covid-19 vaccine.,2021-06-23,fullfact,,"A post on Facebook claims that British Airways has released a statement telling their pilots that they don’t need to have a Covid-19 vaccine, and other airlines are not allowing people to fly who have had a vaccine.  Like other posts we’ve recently checked, the claims made in this post are based on the news that four British Airways pilots have recently died. The airline has confirmed this on social media, and a picture of four books of condolences, which appear to be genuine, have been widely circulated online.  British Airways recently told Full Fact that “there is no truth whatsoever in the claims on social media speculating that the four deaths are linked”, after claims that the deaths were linked to Covid-19 vaccines emerged.  British Airways has confirmed that it has not released a statement telling pilots that they do not need to have a Covid-19 vaccine, as the post claims. It said it has made no changes to guidance which says vaccines are a personal choice.  The post also claims that some of the airlines are “not letting people who’ve had one of the brands” of Covid-19 vaccine fly. This claim seems to originate from a Dutch article published on 26 May, which claims “airlines are now discussing their liability and what to do with the vaccinated as they are not allowed to fly because it is a health risk” and a Russian article, published 31 May, which says (in translation) that vaccinated people “may be banned from flying”. No evidence is given to substantiate either claim.  A similar article also appeared on a Swiss website, which linked to a Spanish article claiming (in translation) that “the main airlines in the world are discussing whether it is advisable to admit vaccinated customers”. Again, no evidence was provided for this claim and other fact checkers such as the Associated Press and Reuters found no record of meetings or discussions between airlines regarding this.  These articles draw links between vaccinated people flying and the risk of developing blood clots.The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency has identified a possible link between a type of extremely rare blood clot occurring together with low levels of platelets and the Oxford/AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine.  Allen Cheng, director of the Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology unit at Alfred Health in Melbourne, told ABC’s Fact Check team that this is a different type of blood clot to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is associated with sitting still for long periods of time, for example during a flight.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10159134286577305&set=a.257659997304&type=3&eid=ARCe88e4hlM-2NqMlNo7ZqUtw1yA4C2iaXEdH5dm4MjsfDdWT8uptsUdWqDAm0pq9a8-uGa6Sddk8ZSW,https://fullfact.org/online/british-airways-pilot-vaccine/,https://twitter.com/British_Airways/status/1405606519631007748,https://www.vrijspreker.nl/wp/2021/05/niet-vliegen-voor-gevaccineerden/,https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=https://www.osnmedia.ru/obshhestvo/ne-lgoty-a-ogranicheniya-privitym-ot-covid-19-mogut-zapretit-aviaperelety/&prev=search&pto=aue,https://uncutnews.ch/medien-in-spanien-und-russland-fluggesellschaften-gehen-das-problem-der-blutgerinnsel-an-und-empfehlen-geimpften-personen-nicht-zu-reisen,https://mpr21.info/las-aerolineas-se-enfrentan-al-problema-de-los-coagulos-con-recomendaciones-de-no-viajar-a-las-personas-vacunadas/,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-248516222683,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-airlines-clots/fact-check-no-evidence-airlines-met-to-discuss-banning-vaccinated-passengers-idUSL2N2NX252,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-issues-new-advice-concluding-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-and-extremely-rare-unlikely-to-occur-blood-clots,https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-14/airlines-debunk-vaccinated-travellers-ban-rumours-coronacheck/100134084,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",British Airways hasn’t told their pilots they don’t need Covid-19 vaccine,,,,,, -26,,,,True,Sarah Turnnidge,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-cremation-pcr-asymptomatic-transmission/,Covid-19 death statistics have been manipulated.,2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A widely-shared post on Facebook contains a number of inaccurate and misleading claims about the Covid-19 crisis, including claims about asymptomatic transmission, death statistics and cremation procedures.  We’ve checked five of the main ones.  The post claims that people who have died are being rapidly cremated, in some cases against their or their family’s wishes, due to the Coronavirus Act.  It is true that cremation form 5, a confirmatory medical certificate, has been suspended under the Coronavirus Act.  Before Covid-19, cremation form 5 was the second part of a formal procedure to authorise a cremation, designed as a safeguard. Two certificates needed to be signed, one by the registered medical practitioner who attended the deceased during their last illness, and the other—form 5—by a registered medical practitioner who is neither a partner nor a relative of the doctor who completed the first form. The first part of this process, cremation form 4 still applies, but any doctor can complete Form 4 as long as the deceased was seen by another doctor in the 28 days before death, or shortly after death.  Form 4 is still scrutinised by a crematorium medical referee, who has the power to halt a cremation if they are unsatisfied with the way in which a death has been registered. Form 5 was removed, the government guidance states, to simplify the process “in order to address the expected increased volume of deaths and the need to focus a reduced number of available medical practitioners on dealing with more priority cases, whilst keeping a necessary level of safeguards in place. “It is also intended to reduce the likelihood of delays to allowing families to be able to make cremation arrangements for the deceased.” It is untrue that this enables rapid cremation against the wishes of the deceased’s family. Government guidance to local authorities (who manage the deceased) specifically states that they have a legal obligation to consider the deceased's wishes, religion or beliefs where they are known. This should include “contacting and consulting their next of kin or family members to understand the deceased’s wishes”. In the early stages of the pandemic, when the Coronavirus Act 2020 was still at the bill stage and progressing through Parliament, there was some concern that powers granted by the act giving local authorities the power to choose between burial or cremation could lead to people being cremated against their or their family’s wishes.  However, the bill was amended as it passed through Parliament to include a specific clause stipulating that remains must be disposed of in accordance with the deceased’s wishes or in a manner that appears consistent with a person’s religion or beliefs, if known.  The post claims that asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 is “probably the biggest hoax ever inflicted on the public”. As we have written before, there is a significant body of evidence that not only does asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 exist, it may account for a large proportion of cases of the virus.   One analysis published in the Lancet in January states that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients are infectious (although potentially less so than symptomatic patients). A meta-analysis of eight Chinese studies, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association, says that transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated in some cases to have accounted for more than half of all Covid-19 transmissions. A review of 22 studies, published by the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), estimated that the asymptomatic proportion of Covid-19 infections was 28%. The studies specifically differentiated between truly asymptomatic infections and pre-symptomatic infections, which are often conflated.  The author of the Facebook post also questions the reliability of PCR tests, describing them as “useless” and claiming that a high cycle threshold “gives rapidly increasing numbers of false positive results”.  Cycle thresholds have become a particular focus of misinformation during the pandemic, and we have written about them before.  A PCR test is performed by repeatedly replicating target viral material in the sample to the point that it becomes detectable. The number of cycles before the virus is detectable is known as the cycle threshold (Ct). A positive test with a high Ct value may indicate a test from someone who had a very small amount of detectable viral RNA on their initial swab, and therefore may not be infectious or have an ongoing active infection.  However, a positive test with a high Ct value may indicate someone who is still infectious, or who may soon become infectious. PCR tests aren’t perfect, but are generally seen as the gold standard for Covid-19 testing. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) says: “This test is typically highly accurate and usually does not need to be repeated.” The post claims that “most British labs used between 40 and 45 cycles” during 2020, and cites a Portuguese court ruling on PCR tests, in which judges described the reliability of the tests as “more than debatable” and said that “if a person has a positive PCR test at a cycle threshold of 35 or higher… the chances of a person being infected are less than 3%.”  According to Public Health England (PHE), a typical PCR test will go through a maximum of 40 thermal cycles, although some may go higher. PHE also says that, while a higher Ct value indicates a low concentration of viral genetic material and therefore a lower risk of infectivity, it could also represent a scenario where the risk of infectivity remains, for example, in early infection or where the sample was incorrectly collected.  It is inaccurate to say, as the post claims, that SAGE “had to admit to a mean false positive rate of 2.3% of all conducted tests”. The UK’s operational false positive rate is unknown.  This figure of 2.3% may come from a SAGE document, published in June 2020, in which an examination of 43 external quality assessments of PCR tests for other RNA viruses found a median false positivity rate of 2.3%.  We have written extensively about how Covid-19 deaths are counted throughout the pandemic. As of 17 June, 127,945 deaths have been recorded within 28 days of a positive Covid test in the UK. It is true, as the post claims, that this total may include some people who died for other reasons, besides Covid. However, it also does not include people who did die of Covid, but died more than 28 days after their first positive test, or people at the start of the pandemic who died of Covid but were not tested. Up to Friday 4 June, 2021, there have been 152,397 fatalities where Covid-19 was mentioned as a cause of death on the death certificate.  The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) guidelines on recording deaths from Covid-19, published in April 2020, states that, for surveillance purposes, a death from Covid-19 is defined as “a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness, in a probable or confirmed Covid-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to Covid disease (e.g. trauma)”. It does not, as the post claims, describe a “confirmed” Covid-19 death as any death following a positive test, even without symptoms of Covid-19. It is untrue that over 90% of Covid-19 deaths were in people who had one or more serious pre-existing conditions (or comorbidities, as the post states). Data compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows that in England in 2020, 20.7% of Covid-19 deaths in those aged 64 and under and 11.6% of Covid-19 deaths in the over-65s were people who had no pre-existing conditions. In the first quarter of 2021, the most recent data we have, 13% of all people in England and Wales who died of Covid-19 had no pre-existing conditions.  The Facebook post also claims that the average age of death from Covid-19 is 82. This is about right.  The ONS does not publish information on the average age of Covid-19 deaths on a regular basis. However, a response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request published in January 2021 shows that between the week ending 9 October, 2020, and the week ending January 1, 2021, the median age of deaths involving Covid-19 was 83.  Data published through a different FOI request to the ONS shows that the median age of Covid-19 deaths in England and Wales, up to and including 2 October, 2020, was also 83.  Even so, research suggests that people who die of Covid lose about a decade of life, on average. Claims that Covid-19 has a survival rate of approximately 99.8% have persisted throughout the pandemic and, as we have written before, this is untrue.  We can work this out simply by looking at the sheer number of people who have died. As of 17 June, 152,397 people have died with Covid-19 mentioned as a cause on their death certificate—about 0.23% of the entire UK population.  If only 0.2% of people die from Covid-19 after catching it (which the claimed 99.8% survival rate implies), then everyone in the country must have already been infected. This is almost certainly not the case.  Rising Covid-19 infection rates show that the virus is continuing to spread. This is very unlikely if everyone has already been infected.","https://www.facebook.com/chris.wakefield.31/posts/10219611813712568,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/confirm-details-of-the-cremation-medical-certificate,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://twitter.com/ilovepathology/status/1246727191179788288,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/878097/revised-guidance-to-crematorium-medical-referees.pdf#page=7,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/988273/Section_58_and_Schedule_28_to_the_Coronavirus_Act_2020.pdf#page=23,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/coronavirus-powers-to-direct-between-burials-and-cremation/,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/7/schedule/28/part/4/enacted,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-what-proportion-are-asymptomatic/,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32651-9/fulltext,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/925128/S0745_Rapid_review_of_asymptomatic_proportion_of_SARS-CoV-2_infections_in_community_settings.pdf,https://fullfact.org/health/cycle-threshold-values/,https://fullfact.org/health/coronavirus-pcr-test-accuracy/,https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/cclm/58/7/article-p1070.xml,https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-testing-basics,https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t1b01H0Jd4hsMU7V1vy70yr8s3jlBedr/view?fbclid=IwAR0L_Iu6wwIVfFlZpykLhDHroS12MHZqO533Uizzc-5ZfUUmALOOjY58he4,https://www.portugalresident.com/judges-in-portugal-highlight-more-than-debatable-reliability-of-covid-tests/,https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=pt&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgsi.pt%2Fjtrl.nsf%2F33182fc732316039802565fa00497eec%2F79d6ba338dcbe5e28025861f003e7b30,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=6,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=3,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/895843/S0519_Impact_of_false_positives_and_negatives.pdf#page=2,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/health/why-you-cant-compare-deaths-after-a-positive-covid-19-test-with-deaths-after-a-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/liam-fox-death-figures/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/Guidelines_Cause_of_Death_COVID-19.pdf,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/preexistingconditionsofpeoplewhodiedduetocovid19englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/averageageofthosewhohaddiedwithcovid19,https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-75,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Covid-19 victims cannot be cremated against their wishes,,,,,, -27,,,,True,Sarah Turnnidge,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-cremation-pcr-asymptomatic-transmission/,Covid-19 death statistics have been manipulated.,2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A widely-shared post on Facebook contains a number of inaccurate and misleading claims about the Covid-19 crisis, including claims about asymptomatic transmission, death statistics and cremation procedures.  We’ve checked five of the main ones.  The post claims that people who have died are being rapidly cremated, in some cases against their or their family’s wishes, due to the Coronavirus Act.  It is true that cremation form 5, a confirmatory medical certificate, has been suspended under the Coronavirus Act.  Before Covid-19, cremation form 5 was the second part of a formal procedure to authorise a cremation, designed as a safeguard. Two certificates needed to be signed, one by the registered medical practitioner who attended the deceased during their last illness, and the other—form 5—by a registered medical practitioner who is neither a partner nor a relative of the doctor who completed the first form. The first part of this process, cremation form 4 still applies, but any doctor can complete Form 4 as long as the deceased was seen by another doctor in the 28 days before death, or shortly after death.  Form 4 is still scrutinised by a crematorium medical referee, who has the power to halt a cremation if they are unsatisfied with the way in which a death has been registered. Form 5 was removed, the government guidance states, to simplify the process “in order to address the expected increased volume of deaths and the need to focus a reduced number of available medical practitioners on dealing with more priority cases, whilst keeping a necessary level of safeguards in place. “It is also intended to reduce the likelihood of delays to allowing families to be able to make cremation arrangements for the deceased.” It is untrue that this enables rapid cremation against the wishes of the deceased’s family. Government guidance to local authorities (who manage the deceased) specifically states that they have a legal obligation to consider the deceased's wishes, religion or beliefs where they are known. This should include “contacting and consulting their next of kin or family members to understand the deceased’s wishes”. In the early stages of the pandemic, when the Coronavirus Act 2020 was still at the bill stage and progressing through Parliament, there was some concern that powers granted by the act giving local authorities the power to choose between burial or cremation could lead to people being cremated against their or their family’s wishes.  However, the bill was amended as it passed through Parliament to include a specific clause stipulating that remains must be disposed of in accordance with the deceased’s wishes or in a manner that appears consistent with a person’s religion or beliefs, if known.  The post claims that asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 is “probably the biggest hoax ever inflicted on the public”. As we have written before, there is a significant body of evidence that not only does asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 exist, it may account for a large proportion of cases of the virus.   One analysis published in the Lancet in January states that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients are infectious (although potentially less so than symptomatic patients). A meta-analysis of eight Chinese studies, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association, says that transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated in some cases to have accounted for more than half of all Covid-19 transmissions. A review of 22 studies, published by the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), estimated that the asymptomatic proportion of Covid-19 infections was 28%. The studies specifically differentiated between truly asymptomatic infections and pre-symptomatic infections, which are often conflated.  The author of the Facebook post also questions the reliability of PCR tests, describing them as “useless” and claiming that a high cycle threshold “gives rapidly increasing numbers of false positive results”.  Cycle thresholds have become a particular focus of misinformation during the pandemic, and we have written about them before.  A PCR test is performed by repeatedly replicating target viral material in the sample to the point that it becomes detectable. The number of cycles before the virus is detectable is known as the cycle threshold (Ct). A positive test with a high Ct value may indicate a test from someone who had a very small amount of detectable viral RNA on their initial swab, and therefore may not be infectious or have an ongoing active infection.  However, a positive test with a high Ct value may indicate someone who is still infectious, or who may soon become infectious. PCR tests aren’t perfect, but are generally seen as the gold standard for Covid-19 testing. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) says: “This test is typically highly accurate and usually does not need to be repeated.” The post claims that “most British labs used between 40 and 45 cycles” during 2020, and cites a Portuguese court ruling on PCR tests, in which judges described the reliability of the tests as “more than debatable” and said that “if a person has a positive PCR test at a cycle threshold of 35 or higher… the chances of a person being infected are less than 3%.”  According to Public Health England (PHE), a typical PCR test will go through a maximum of 40 thermal cycles, although some may go higher. PHE also says that, while a higher Ct value indicates a low concentration of viral genetic material and therefore a lower risk of infectivity, it could also represent a scenario where the risk of infectivity remains, for example, in early infection or where the sample was incorrectly collected.  It is inaccurate to say, as the post claims, that SAGE “had to admit to a mean false positive rate of 2.3% of all conducted tests”. The UK’s operational false positive rate is unknown.  This figure of 2.3% may come from a SAGE document, published in June 2020, in which an examination of 43 external quality assessments of PCR tests for other RNA viruses found a median false positivity rate of 2.3%.  We have written extensively about how Covid-19 deaths are counted throughout the pandemic. As of 17 June, 127,945 deaths have been recorded within 28 days of a positive Covid test in the UK. It is true, as the post claims, that this total may include some people who died for other reasons, besides Covid. However, it also does not include people who did die of Covid, but died more than 28 days after their first positive test, or people at the start of the pandemic who died of Covid but were not tested. Up to Friday 4 June, 2021, there have been 152,397 fatalities where Covid-19 was mentioned as a cause of death on the death certificate.  The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) guidelines on recording deaths from Covid-19, published in April 2020, states that, for surveillance purposes, a death from Covid-19 is defined as “a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness, in a probable or confirmed Covid-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to Covid disease (e.g. trauma)”. It does not, as the post claims, describe a “confirmed” Covid-19 death as any death following a positive test, even without symptoms of Covid-19. It is untrue that over 90% of Covid-19 deaths were in people who had one or more serious pre-existing conditions (or comorbidities, as the post states). Data compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows that in England in 2020, 20.7% of Covid-19 deaths in those aged 64 and under and 11.6% of Covid-19 deaths in the over-65s were people who had no pre-existing conditions. In the first quarter of 2021, the most recent data we have, 13% of all people in England and Wales who died of Covid-19 had no pre-existing conditions.  The Facebook post also claims that the average age of death from Covid-19 is 82. This is about right.  The ONS does not publish information on the average age of Covid-19 deaths on a regular basis. However, a response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request published in January 2021 shows that between the week ending 9 October, 2020, and the week ending January 1, 2021, the median age of deaths involving Covid-19 was 83.  Data published through a different FOI request to the ONS shows that the median age of Covid-19 deaths in England and Wales, up to and including 2 October, 2020, was also 83.  Even so, research suggests that people who die of Covid lose about a decade of life, on average. Claims that Covid-19 has a survival rate of approximately 99.8% have persisted throughout the pandemic and, as we have written before, this is untrue.  We can work this out simply by looking at the sheer number of people who have died. As of 17 June, 152,397 people have died with Covid-19 mentioned as a cause on their death certificate—about 0.23% of the entire UK population.  If only 0.2% of people die from Covid-19 after catching it (which the claimed 99.8% survival rate implies), then everyone in the country must have already been infected. This is almost certainly not the case.  Rising Covid-19 infection rates show that the virus is continuing to spread. This is very unlikely if everyone has already been infected.","https://www.facebook.com/chris.wakefield.31/posts/10219611813712568,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/confirm-details-of-the-cremation-medical-certificate,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://twitter.com/ilovepathology/status/1246727191179788288,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/878097/revised-guidance-to-crematorium-medical-referees.pdf#page=7,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/988273/Section_58_and_Schedule_28_to_the_Coronavirus_Act_2020.pdf#page=23,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/coronavirus-powers-to-direct-between-burials-and-cremation/,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/7/schedule/28/part/4/enacted,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-what-proportion-are-asymptomatic/,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32651-9/fulltext,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/925128/S0745_Rapid_review_of_asymptomatic_proportion_of_SARS-CoV-2_infections_in_community_settings.pdf,https://fullfact.org/health/cycle-threshold-values/,https://fullfact.org/health/coronavirus-pcr-test-accuracy/,https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/cclm/58/7/article-p1070.xml,https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-testing-basics,https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t1b01H0Jd4hsMU7V1vy70yr8s3jlBedr/view?fbclid=IwAR0L_Iu6wwIVfFlZpykLhDHroS12MHZqO533Uizzc-5ZfUUmALOOjY58he4,https://www.portugalresident.com/judges-in-portugal-highlight-more-than-debatable-reliability-of-covid-tests/,https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=pt&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgsi.pt%2Fjtrl.nsf%2F33182fc732316039802565fa00497eec%2F79d6ba338dcbe5e28025861f003e7b30,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=6,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=3,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/895843/S0519_Impact_of_false_positives_and_negatives.pdf#page=2,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/health/why-you-cant-compare-deaths-after-a-positive-covid-19-test-with-deaths-after-a-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/liam-fox-death-figures/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/Guidelines_Cause_of_Death_COVID-19.pdf,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/preexistingconditionsofpeoplewhodiedduetocovid19englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/averageageofthosewhohaddiedwithcovid19,https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-75,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Covid-19 victims cannot be cremated against their wishes,,,,,, -28,,,,True,Sarah Turnnidge,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-cremation-pcr-asymptomatic-transmission/,Covid-19 death statistics have been manipulated.,2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A widely-shared post on Facebook contains a number of inaccurate and misleading claims about the Covid-19 crisis, including claims about asymptomatic transmission, death statistics and cremation procedures.  We’ve checked five of the main ones.  The post claims that people who have died are being rapidly cremated, in some cases against their or their family’s wishes, due to the Coronavirus Act.  It is true that cremation form 5, a confirmatory medical certificate, has been suspended under the Coronavirus Act.  Before Covid-19, cremation form 5 was the second part of a formal procedure to authorise a cremation, designed as a safeguard. Two certificates needed to be signed, one by the registered medical practitioner who attended the deceased during their last illness, and the other—form 5—by a registered medical practitioner who is neither a partner nor a relative of the doctor who completed the first form. The first part of this process, cremation form 4 still applies, but any doctor can complete Form 4 as long as the deceased was seen by another doctor in the 28 days before death, or shortly after death.  Form 4 is still scrutinised by a crematorium medical referee, who has the power to halt a cremation if they are unsatisfied with the way in which a death has been registered. Form 5 was removed, the government guidance states, to simplify the process “in order to address the expected increased volume of deaths and the need to focus a reduced number of available medical practitioners on dealing with more priority cases, whilst keeping a necessary level of safeguards in place. “It is also intended to reduce the likelihood of delays to allowing families to be able to make cremation arrangements for the deceased.” It is untrue that this enables rapid cremation against the wishes of the deceased’s family. Government guidance to local authorities (who manage the deceased) specifically states that they have a legal obligation to consider the deceased's wishes, religion or beliefs where they are known. This should include “contacting and consulting their next of kin or family members to understand the deceased’s wishes”. In the early stages of the pandemic, when the Coronavirus Act 2020 was still at the bill stage and progressing through Parliament, there was some concern that powers granted by the act giving local authorities the power to choose between burial or cremation could lead to people being cremated against their or their family’s wishes.  However, the bill was amended as it passed through Parliament to include a specific clause stipulating that remains must be disposed of in accordance with the deceased’s wishes or in a manner that appears consistent with a person’s religion or beliefs, if known.  The post claims that asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 is “probably the biggest hoax ever inflicted on the public”. As we have written before, there is a significant body of evidence that not only does asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 exist, it may account for a large proportion of cases of the virus.   One analysis published in the Lancet in January states that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients are infectious (although potentially less so than symptomatic patients). A meta-analysis of eight Chinese studies, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association, says that transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated in some cases to have accounted for more than half of all Covid-19 transmissions. A review of 22 studies, published by the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), estimated that the asymptomatic proportion of Covid-19 infections was 28%. The studies specifically differentiated between truly asymptomatic infections and pre-symptomatic infections, which are often conflated.  The author of the Facebook post also questions the reliability of PCR tests, describing them as “useless” and claiming that a high cycle threshold “gives rapidly increasing numbers of false positive results”.  Cycle thresholds have become a particular focus of misinformation during the pandemic, and we have written about them before.  A PCR test is performed by repeatedly replicating target viral material in the sample to the point that it becomes detectable. The number of cycles before the virus is detectable is known as the cycle threshold (Ct). A positive test with a high Ct value may indicate a test from someone who had a very small amount of detectable viral RNA on their initial swab, and therefore may not be infectious or have an ongoing active infection.  However, a positive test with a high Ct value may indicate someone who is still infectious, or who may soon become infectious. PCR tests aren’t perfect, but are generally seen as the gold standard for Covid-19 testing. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) says: “This test is typically highly accurate and usually does not need to be repeated.” The post claims that “most British labs used between 40 and 45 cycles” during 2020, and cites a Portuguese court ruling on PCR tests, in which judges described the reliability of the tests as “more than debatable” and said that “if a person has a positive PCR test at a cycle threshold of 35 or higher… the chances of a person being infected are less than 3%.”  According to Public Health England (PHE), a typical PCR test will go through a maximum of 40 thermal cycles, although some may go higher. PHE also says that, while a higher Ct value indicates a low concentration of viral genetic material and therefore a lower risk of infectivity, it could also represent a scenario where the risk of infectivity remains, for example, in early infection or where the sample was incorrectly collected.  It is inaccurate to say, as the post claims, that SAGE “had to admit to a mean false positive rate of 2.3% of all conducted tests”. The UK’s operational false positive rate is unknown.  This figure of 2.3% may come from a SAGE document, published in June 2020, in which an examination of 43 external quality assessments of PCR tests for other RNA viruses found a median false positivity rate of 2.3%.  We have written extensively about how Covid-19 deaths are counted throughout the pandemic. As of 17 June, 127,945 deaths have been recorded within 28 days of a positive Covid test in the UK. It is true, as the post claims, that this total may include some people who died for other reasons, besides Covid. However, it also does not include people who did die of Covid, but died more than 28 days after their first positive test, or people at the start of the pandemic who died of Covid but were not tested. Up to Friday 4 June, 2021, there have been 152,397 fatalities where Covid-19 was mentioned as a cause of death on the death certificate.  The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) guidelines on recording deaths from Covid-19, published in April 2020, states that, for surveillance purposes, a death from Covid-19 is defined as “a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness, in a probable or confirmed Covid-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to Covid disease (e.g. trauma)”. It does not, as the post claims, describe a “confirmed” Covid-19 death as any death following a positive test, even without symptoms of Covid-19. It is untrue that over 90% of Covid-19 deaths were in people who had one or more serious pre-existing conditions (or comorbidities, as the post states). Data compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows that in England in 2020, 20.7% of Covid-19 deaths in those aged 64 and under and 11.6% of Covid-19 deaths in the over-65s were people who had no pre-existing conditions. In the first quarter of 2021, the most recent data we have, 13% of all people in England and Wales who died of Covid-19 had no pre-existing conditions.  The Facebook post also claims that the average age of death from Covid-19 is 82. This is about right.  The ONS does not publish information on the average age of Covid-19 deaths on a regular basis. However, a response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request published in January 2021 shows that between the week ending 9 October, 2020, and the week ending January 1, 2021, the median age of deaths involving Covid-19 was 83.  Data published through a different FOI request to the ONS shows that the median age of Covid-19 deaths in England and Wales, up to and including 2 October, 2020, was also 83.  Even so, research suggests that people who die of Covid lose about a decade of life, on average. Claims that Covid-19 has a survival rate of approximately 99.8% have persisted throughout the pandemic and, as we have written before, this is untrue.  We can work this out simply by looking at the sheer number of people who have died. As of 17 June, 152,397 people have died with Covid-19 mentioned as a cause on their death certificate—about 0.23% of the entire UK population.  If only 0.2% of people die from Covid-19 after catching it (which the claimed 99.8% survival rate implies), then everyone in the country must have already been infected. This is almost certainly not the case.  Rising Covid-19 infection rates show that the virus is continuing to spread. This is very unlikely if everyone has already been infected.","https://www.facebook.com/chris.wakefield.31/posts/10219611813712568,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/confirm-details-of-the-cremation-medical-certificate,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://twitter.com/ilovepathology/status/1246727191179788288,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/878097/revised-guidance-to-crematorium-medical-referees.pdf#page=7,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/988273/Section_58_and_Schedule_28_to_the_Coronavirus_Act_2020.pdf#page=23,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/coronavirus-powers-to-direct-between-burials-and-cremation/,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/7/schedule/28/part/4/enacted,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-what-proportion-are-asymptomatic/,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32651-9/fulltext,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/925128/S0745_Rapid_review_of_asymptomatic_proportion_of_SARS-CoV-2_infections_in_community_settings.pdf,https://fullfact.org/health/cycle-threshold-values/,https://fullfact.org/health/coronavirus-pcr-test-accuracy/,https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/cclm/58/7/article-p1070.xml,https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-testing-basics,https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t1b01H0Jd4hsMU7V1vy70yr8s3jlBedr/view?fbclid=IwAR0L_Iu6wwIVfFlZpykLhDHroS12MHZqO533Uizzc-5ZfUUmALOOjY58he4,https://www.portugalresident.com/judges-in-portugal-highlight-more-than-debatable-reliability-of-covid-tests/,https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=pt&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgsi.pt%2Fjtrl.nsf%2F33182fc732316039802565fa00497eec%2F79d6ba338dcbe5e28025861f003e7b30,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=6,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=3,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/895843/S0519_Impact_of_false_positives_and_negatives.pdf#page=2,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/health/why-you-cant-compare-deaths-after-a-positive-covid-19-test-with-deaths-after-a-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/liam-fox-death-figures/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/Guidelines_Cause_of_Death_COVID-19.pdf,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/preexistingconditionsofpeoplewhodiedduetocovid19englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/averageageofthosewhohaddiedwithcovid19,https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-75,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Covid-19 victims cannot be cremated against their wishes,,,,,, -29,,,,True,Sarah Turnnidge,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-cremation-pcr-asymptomatic-transmission/,Covid-19 death statistics have been manipulated.,2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A widely-shared post on Facebook contains a number of inaccurate and misleading claims about the Covid-19 crisis, including claims about asymptomatic transmission, death statistics and cremation procedures.  We’ve checked five of the main ones.  The post claims that people who have died are being rapidly cremated, in some cases against their or their family’s wishes, due to the Coronavirus Act.  It is true that cremation form 5, a confirmatory medical certificate, has been suspended under the Coronavirus Act.  Before Covid-19, cremation form 5 was the second part of a formal procedure to authorise a cremation, designed as a safeguard. Two certificates needed to be signed, one by the registered medical practitioner who attended the deceased during their last illness, and the other—form 5—by a registered medical practitioner who is neither a partner nor a relative of the doctor who completed the first form. The first part of this process, cremation form 4 still applies, but any doctor can complete Form 4 as long as the deceased was seen by another doctor in the 28 days before death, or shortly after death.  Form 4 is still scrutinised by a crematorium medical referee, who has the power to halt a cremation if they are unsatisfied with the way in which a death has been registered. Form 5 was removed, the government guidance states, to simplify the process “in order to address the expected increased volume of deaths and the need to focus a reduced number of available medical practitioners on dealing with more priority cases, whilst keeping a necessary level of safeguards in place. “It is also intended to reduce the likelihood of delays to allowing families to be able to make cremation arrangements for the deceased.” It is untrue that this enables rapid cremation against the wishes of the deceased’s family. Government guidance to local authorities (who manage the deceased) specifically states that they have a legal obligation to consider the deceased's wishes, religion or beliefs where they are known. This should include “contacting and consulting their next of kin or family members to understand the deceased’s wishes”. In the early stages of the pandemic, when the Coronavirus Act 2020 was still at the bill stage and progressing through Parliament, there was some concern that powers granted by the act giving local authorities the power to choose between burial or cremation could lead to people being cremated against their or their family’s wishes.  However, the bill was amended as it passed through Parliament to include a specific clause stipulating that remains must be disposed of in accordance with the deceased’s wishes or in a manner that appears consistent with a person’s religion or beliefs, if known.  The post claims that asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 is “probably the biggest hoax ever inflicted on the public”. As we have written before, there is a significant body of evidence that not only does asymptomatic transmission of Covid-19 exist, it may account for a large proportion of cases of the virus.   One analysis published in the Lancet in January states that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients are infectious (although potentially less so than symptomatic patients). A meta-analysis of eight Chinese studies, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association, says that transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated in some cases to have accounted for more than half of all Covid-19 transmissions. A review of 22 studies, published by the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), estimated that the asymptomatic proportion of Covid-19 infections was 28%. The studies specifically differentiated between truly asymptomatic infections and pre-symptomatic infections, which are often conflated.  The author of the Facebook post also questions the reliability of PCR tests, describing them as “useless” and claiming that a high cycle threshold “gives rapidly increasing numbers of false positive results”.  Cycle thresholds have become a particular focus of misinformation during the pandemic, and we have written about them before.  A PCR test is performed by repeatedly replicating target viral material in the sample to the point that it becomes detectable. The number of cycles before the virus is detectable is known as the cycle threshold (Ct). A positive test with a high Ct value may indicate a test from someone who had a very small amount of detectable viral RNA on their initial swab, and therefore may not be infectious or have an ongoing active infection.  However, a positive test with a high Ct value may indicate someone who is still infectious, or who may soon become infectious. PCR tests aren’t perfect, but are generally seen as the gold standard for Covid-19 testing. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) says: “This test is typically highly accurate and usually does not need to be repeated.” The post claims that “most British labs used between 40 and 45 cycles” during 2020, and cites a Portuguese court ruling on PCR tests, in which judges described the reliability of the tests as “more than debatable” and said that “if a person has a positive PCR test at a cycle threshold of 35 or higher… the chances of a person being infected are less than 3%.”  According to Public Health England (PHE), a typical PCR test will go through a maximum of 40 thermal cycles, although some may go higher. PHE also says that, while a higher Ct value indicates a low concentration of viral genetic material and therefore a lower risk of infectivity, it could also represent a scenario where the risk of infectivity remains, for example, in early infection or where the sample was incorrectly collected.  It is inaccurate to say, as the post claims, that SAGE “had to admit to a mean false positive rate of 2.3% of all conducted tests”. The UK’s operational false positive rate is unknown.  This figure of 2.3% may come from a SAGE document, published in June 2020, in which an examination of 43 external quality assessments of PCR tests for other RNA viruses found a median false positivity rate of 2.3%.  We have written extensively about how Covid-19 deaths are counted throughout the pandemic. As of 17 June, 127,945 deaths have been recorded within 28 days of a positive Covid test in the UK. It is true, as the post claims, that this total may include some people who died for other reasons, besides Covid. However, it also does not include people who did die of Covid, but died more than 28 days after their first positive test, or people at the start of the pandemic who died of Covid but were not tested. Up to Friday 4 June, 2021, there have been 152,397 fatalities where Covid-19 was mentioned as a cause of death on the death certificate.  The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) guidelines on recording deaths from Covid-19, published in April 2020, states that, for surveillance purposes, a death from Covid-19 is defined as “a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness, in a probable or confirmed Covid-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to Covid disease (e.g. trauma)”. It does not, as the post claims, describe a “confirmed” Covid-19 death as any death following a positive test, even without symptoms of Covid-19. It is untrue that over 90% of Covid-19 deaths were in people who had one or more serious pre-existing conditions (or comorbidities, as the post states). Data compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows that in England in 2020, 20.7% of Covid-19 deaths in those aged 64 and under and 11.6% of Covid-19 deaths in the over-65s were people who had no pre-existing conditions. In the first quarter of 2021, the most recent data we have, 13% of all people in England and Wales who died of Covid-19 had no pre-existing conditions.  The Facebook post also claims that the average age of death from Covid-19 is 82. This is about right.  The ONS does not publish information on the average age of Covid-19 deaths on a regular basis. However, a response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request published in January 2021 shows that between the week ending 9 October, 2020, and the week ending January 1, 2021, the median age of deaths involving Covid-19 was 83.  Data published through a different FOI request to the ONS shows that the median age of Covid-19 deaths in England and Wales, up to and including 2 October, 2020, was also 83.  Even so, research suggests that people who die of Covid lose about a decade of life, on average. Claims that Covid-19 has a survival rate of approximately 99.8% have persisted throughout the pandemic and, as we have written before, this is untrue.  We can work this out simply by looking at the sheer number of people who have died. As of 17 June, 152,397 people have died with Covid-19 mentioned as a cause on their death certificate—about 0.23% of the entire UK population.  If only 0.2% of people die from Covid-19 after catching it (which the claimed 99.8% survival rate implies), then everyone in the country must have already been infected. This is almost certainly not the case.  Rising Covid-19 infection rates show that the virus is continuing to spread. This is very unlikely if everyone has already been infected.","https://www.facebook.com/chris.wakefield.31/posts/10219611813712568,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/confirm-details-of-the-cremation-medical-certificate,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://twitter.com/ilovepathology/status/1246727191179788288,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/878097/revised-guidance-to-crematorium-medical-referees.pdf#page=7,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8860/,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/988273/Section_58_and_Schedule_28_to_the_Coronavirus_Act_2020.pdf#page=23,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/coronavirus-powers-to-direct-between-burials-and-cremation/,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/7/schedule/28/part/4/enacted,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-what-proportion-are-asymptomatic/,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32651-9/fulltext,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/925128/S0745_Rapid_review_of_asymptomatic_proportion_of_SARS-CoV-2_infections_in_community_settings.pdf,https://fullfact.org/health/cycle-threshold-values/,https://fullfact.org/health/coronavirus-pcr-test-accuracy/,https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/cclm/58/7/article-p1070.xml,https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/coronavirus-testing-basics,https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t1b01H0Jd4hsMU7V1vy70yr8s3jlBedr/view?fbclid=IwAR0L_Iu6wwIVfFlZpykLhDHroS12MHZqO533Uizzc-5ZfUUmALOOjY58he4,https://www.portugalresident.com/judges-in-portugal-highlight-more-than-debatable-reliability-of-covid-tests/,https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=&sl=pt&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgsi.pt%2Fjtrl.nsf%2F33182fc732316039802565fa00497eec%2F79d6ba338dcbe5e28025861f003e7b30,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=6,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/926410/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS-CoV-2_RT-PCR_.pdf#page=3,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/895843/S0519_Impact_of_false_positives_and_negatives.pdf#page=2,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/health/why-you-cant-compare-deaths-after-a-positive-covid-19-test-with-deaths-after-a-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/health/liam-fox-death-figures/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/Guidelines_Cause_of_Death_COVID-19.pdf,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/preexistingconditionsofpeoplewhodiedduetocovid19englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/averageageofthosewhohaddiedwithcovid19,https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-75,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/cases,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Covid-19 victims cannot be cremated against their wishes,,,,,, -30,,,,Other,Abbas Panjwani,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/economy/april-2021-trade-figures/,"Imports from the rest of the world rose to £20.1 billion, their highest since records began in 1997.",2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A column in the Daily Express makes a number of claims about the latest trade data published by the Office for National Statistics.  A few of the claims could use more context.  The figures in the Express refer to the UK’s trade deficit (how much more we import than export), excluding precious metals, with the whole world in the three months to April 2021, not just the trade deficit with the EU. This data includes both trade in goods and services.  For April 2021, data on trade with the EU specifically is only available for goods, and not for services, so we don’t yet know the total trade deficit for the EU for April.  However, for goods only (excluding precious metals), it is correct that EU exports rose and EU imports fell in the three months to April 2021, compared to the three months to January 2021. It’s correct that exports from Britain to the EU, excluding precious metals, were valued at £12.9 billion in April 2021. As for the claim that exports were up 10% on pre-Brexit figures, the Express confirmed to Full Fact this was sourced from a Daily Telegraph article which looked at the change from the period “before pre-Brexit stockpiling began to skew figures at the end of last year.”  This refers to stockpiling which took place prior to the end of the transition period specifically rather than any other part of the Brexit process. Exports did increase 10% between July 2020 and April 2021, but, as the ONS notes, trade volumes are incredibly volatile at the moment and these figures don’t entirely represent the wider picture.  Exports fell considerably in spring 2020 as the pandemic took hold, before rebounding through the latter half of the year, partly influenced by stockpiling mentioned. They then fell again in January 2021, partly due to disruption associated with the end of the transition period, before rebounding again. Also, exports in April 2021 are down on the period before the pandemic started, and on the period before Brexit actually happened in January 2020. All but one month from January 2017 to the start of the pandemic saw the UK export more goods to the EU than in April 2021.  It’s correct that the UK is exporting more goods to non-EU countries (£13.6 billion excluding precious metals) than EU countries (£12.9 billion).  It’s also correct that the UK imported £20.1 billion of goods (excluding precious metals) from non-EU countries in April, which was technically the highest level recorded. But these figures represent cash values, and the value of money has decreased over time (inflation). Non-EU imports were higher during large periods of the late 2010s, once adjusted for inflation. Trade data can move quite a lot from month to month and as we’ve said is especially volatile given the effects of the pandemic, and the end of the transition period.  Therefore, it’s worth considering longer trends in trade data alongside month-to-month changes.  Since the mid-2010s the UK’s balance of trade (exports minus imports) for goods and services combined has grown, with the balance even turning positive for a few months, meaning we exported more than we imported.  There have been big swings in recent quarters, but, overall, it appears as if exports are catching up with imports.  Looking back over this period at trade with the EU specifically, the balance is negative (we import more than we export) and reached a low in 2019 after many years of going down, but did increase in 2020. The UK is a net importer of goods from the EU but a net exporter of services.  Over the past decade, exports of goods to non-EU countries have grown more overall than exports to EU countries.","https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/1450410/brexit-news-trade-deal-australia-new-visa-food,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6MSwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVhbGxjb3VudHJpZXNzZWFzb25hbGx5YWRqdXN0ZWQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.PEhdfMGEAX6ic9rkVvlKUWZnl_kIySGvDwylFDVWvto,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/news/latest/end-brexit-transition,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl8/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6NiwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVyZWNvcmRzc2hlZXQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.Jwl5t2Db7T2yAHdTwnqDRcwq3Pbnpd1EAu3J70XRp3k,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktradegoodsandservicespublicationtables,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsid/mret,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86i,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl6/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86m/ukea,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl7/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://fullfact.org/economy/george-freeman-africa-eu-tariffs/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/millionaire-pensioners/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/uk-foreign-aid-g7/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/labours-record-on-unemployment/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/foreign-aid-2021/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",April’s trade figures fact checked,,,,,, -31,,,,Other,Abbas Panjwani,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/economy/april-2021-trade-figures/,"Imports from the rest of the world rose to £20.1 billion, their highest since records began in 1997.",2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A column in the Daily Express makes a number of claims about the latest trade data published by the Office for National Statistics.  A few of the claims could use more context.  The figures in the Express refer to the UK’s trade deficit (how much more we import than export), excluding precious metals, with the whole world in the three months to April 2021, not just the trade deficit with the EU. This data includes both trade in goods and services.  For April 2021, data on trade with the EU specifically is only available for goods, and not for services, so we don’t yet know the total trade deficit for the EU for April.  However, for goods only (excluding precious metals), it is correct that EU exports rose and EU imports fell in the three months to April 2021, compared to the three months to January 2021. It’s correct that exports from Britain to the EU, excluding precious metals, were valued at £12.9 billion in April 2021. As for the claim that exports were up 10% on pre-Brexit figures, the Express confirmed to Full Fact this was sourced from a Daily Telegraph article which looked at the change from the period “before pre-Brexit stockpiling began to skew figures at the end of last year.”  This refers to stockpiling which took place prior to the end of the transition period specifically rather than any other part of the Brexit process. Exports did increase 10% between July 2020 and April 2021, but, as the ONS notes, trade volumes are incredibly volatile at the moment and these figures don’t entirely represent the wider picture.  Exports fell considerably in spring 2020 as the pandemic took hold, before rebounding through the latter half of the year, partly influenced by stockpiling mentioned. They then fell again in January 2021, partly due to disruption associated with the end of the transition period, before rebounding again. Also, exports in April 2021 are down on the period before the pandemic started, and on the period before Brexit actually happened in January 2020. All but one month from January 2017 to the start of the pandemic saw the UK export more goods to the EU than in April 2021.  It’s correct that the UK is exporting more goods to non-EU countries (£13.6 billion excluding precious metals) than EU countries (£12.9 billion).  It’s also correct that the UK imported £20.1 billion of goods (excluding precious metals) from non-EU countries in April, which was technically the highest level recorded. But these figures represent cash values, and the value of money has decreased over time (inflation). Non-EU imports were higher during large periods of the late 2010s, once adjusted for inflation. Trade data can move quite a lot from month to month and as we’ve said is especially volatile given the effects of the pandemic, and the end of the transition period.  Therefore, it’s worth considering longer trends in trade data alongside month-to-month changes.  Since the mid-2010s the UK’s balance of trade (exports minus imports) for goods and services combined has grown, with the balance even turning positive for a few months, meaning we exported more than we imported.  There have been big swings in recent quarters, but, overall, it appears as if exports are catching up with imports.  Looking back over this period at trade with the EU specifically, the balance is negative (we import more than we export) and reached a low in 2019 after many years of going down, but did increase in 2020. The UK is a net importer of goods from the EU but a net exporter of services.  Over the past decade, exports of goods to non-EU countries have grown more overall than exports to EU countries.","https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/1450410/brexit-news-trade-deal-australia-new-visa-food,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6MSwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVhbGxjb3VudHJpZXNzZWFzb25hbGx5YWRqdXN0ZWQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.PEhdfMGEAX6ic9rkVvlKUWZnl_kIySGvDwylFDVWvto,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/news/latest/end-brexit-transition,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl8/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6NiwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVyZWNvcmRzc2hlZXQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.Jwl5t2Db7T2yAHdTwnqDRcwq3Pbnpd1EAu3J70XRp3k,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktradegoodsandservicespublicationtables,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsid/mret,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86i,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl6/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86m/ukea,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl7/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://fullfact.org/economy/george-freeman-africa-eu-tariffs/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/millionaire-pensioners/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/uk-foreign-aid-g7/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/labours-record-on-unemployment/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/foreign-aid-2021/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",April’s trade figures fact checked,,,,,, -32,,,,Other,Abbas Panjwani,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/economy/april-2021-trade-figures/,"Imports from the rest of the world rose to £20.1 billion, their highest since records began in 1997.",2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A column in the Daily Express makes a number of claims about the latest trade data published by the Office for National Statistics.  A few of the claims could use more context.  The figures in the Express refer to the UK’s trade deficit (how much more we import than export), excluding precious metals, with the whole world in the three months to April 2021, not just the trade deficit with the EU. This data includes both trade in goods and services.  For April 2021, data on trade with the EU specifically is only available for goods, and not for services, so we don’t yet know the total trade deficit for the EU for April.  However, for goods only (excluding precious metals), it is correct that EU exports rose and EU imports fell in the three months to April 2021, compared to the three months to January 2021. It’s correct that exports from Britain to the EU, excluding precious metals, were valued at £12.9 billion in April 2021. As for the claim that exports were up 10% on pre-Brexit figures, the Express confirmed to Full Fact this was sourced from a Daily Telegraph article which looked at the change from the period “before pre-Brexit stockpiling began to skew figures at the end of last year.”  This refers to stockpiling which took place prior to the end of the transition period specifically rather than any other part of the Brexit process. Exports did increase 10% between July 2020 and April 2021, but, as the ONS notes, trade volumes are incredibly volatile at the moment and these figures don’t entirely represent the wider picture.  Exports fell considerably in spring 2020 as the pandemic took hold, before rebounding through the latter half of the year, partly influenced by stockpiling mentioned. They then fell again in January 2021, partly due to disruption associated with the end of the transition period, before rebounding again. Also, exports in April 2021 are down on the period before the pandemic started, and on the period before Brexit actually happened in January 2020. All but one month from January 2017 to the start of the pandemic saw the UK export more goods to the EU than in April 2021.  It’s correct that the UK is exporting more goods to non-EU countries (£13.6 billion excluding precious metals) than EU countries (£12.9 billion).  It’s also correct that the UK imported £20.1 billion of goods (excluding precious metals) from non-EU countries in April, which was technically the highest level recorded. But these figures represent cash values, and the value of money has decreased over time (inflation). Non-EU imports were higher during large periods of the late 2010s, once adjusted for inflation. Trade data can move quite a lot from month to month and as we’ve said is especially volatile given the effects of the pandemic, and the end of the transition period.  Therefore, it’s worth considering longer trends in trade data alongside month-to-month changes.  Since the mid-2010s the UK’s balance of trade (exports minus imports) for goods and services combined has grown, with the balance even turning positive for a few months, meaning we exported more than we imported.  There have been big swings in recent quarters, but, overall, it appears as if exports are catching up with imports.  Looking back over this period at trade with the EU specifically, the balance is negative (we import more than we export) and reached a low in 2019 after many years of going down, but did increase in 2020. The UK is a net importer of goods from the EU but a net exporter of services.  Over the past decade, exports of goods to non-EU countries have grown more overall than exports to EU countries.","https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/1450410/brexit-news-trade-deal-australia-new-visa-food,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6MSwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVhbGxjb3VudHJpZXNzZWFzb25hbGx5YWRqdXN0ZWQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.PEhdfMGEAX6ic9rkVvlKUWZnl_kIySGvDwylFDVWvto,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/news/latest/end-brexit-transition,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl8/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6NiwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVyZWNvcmRzc2hlZXQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.Jwl5t2Db7T2yAHdTwnqDRcwq3Pbnpd1EAu3J70XRp3k,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktradegoodsandservicespublicationtables,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsid/mret,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86i,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl6/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86m/ukea,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl7/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://fullfact.org/economy/george-freeman-africa-eu-tariffs/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/millionaire-pensioners/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/uk-foreign-aid-g7/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/labours-record-on-unemployment/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/foreign-aid-2021/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",April’s trade figures fact checked,,,,,, -33,,,,Other,Abbas Panjwani,2021-06-18,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/economy/april-2021-trade-figures/,"Imports from the rest of the world rose to £20.1 billion, their highest since records began in 1997.",2021-06-18,fullfact,,"A column in the Daily Express makes a number of claims about the latest trade data published by the Office for National Statistics.  A few of the claims could use more context.  The figures in the Express refer to the UK’s trade deficit (how much more we import than export), excluding precious metals, with the whole world in the three months to April 2021, not just the trade deficit with the EU. This data includes both trade in goods and services.  For April 2021, data on trade with the EU specifically is only available for goods, and not for services, so we don’t yet know the total trade deficit for the EU for April.  However, for goods only (excluding precious metals), it is correct that EU exports rose and EU imports fell in the three months to April 2021, compared to the three months to January 2021. It’s correct that exports from Britain to the EU, excluding precious metals, were valued at £12.9 billion in April 2021. As for the claim that exports were up 10% on pre-Brexit figures, the Express confirmed to Full Fact this was sourced from a Daily Telegraph article which looked at the change from the period “before pre-Brexit stockpiling began to skew figures at the end of last year.”  This refers to stockpiling which took place prior to the end of the transition period specifically rather than any other part of the Brexit process. Exports did increase 10% between July 2020 and April 2021, but, as the ONS notes, trade volumes are incredibly volatile at the moment and these figures don’t entirely represent the wider picture.  Exports fell considerably in spring 2020 as the pandemic took hold, before rebounding through the latter half of the year, partly influenced by stockpiling mentioned. They then fell again in January 2021, partly due to disruption associated with the end of the transition period, before rebounding again. Also, exports in April 2021 are down on the period before the pandemic started, and on the period before Brexit actually happened in January 2020. All but one month from January 2017 to the start of the pandemic saw the UK export more goods to the EU than in April 2021.  It’s correct that the UK is exporting more goods to non-EU countries (£13.6 billion excluding precious metals) than EU countries (£12.9 billion).  It’s also correct that the UK imported £20.1 billion of goods (excluding precious metals) from non-EU countries in April, which was technically the highest level recorded. But these figures represent cash values, and the value of money has decreased over time (inflation). Non-EU imports were higher during large periods of the late 2010s, once adjusted for inflation. Trade data can move quite a lot from month to month and as we’ve said is especially volatile given the effects of the pandemic, and the end of the transition period.  Therefore, it’s worth considering longer trends in trade data alongside month-to-month changes.  Since the mid-2010s the UK’s balance of trade (exports minus imports) for goods and services combined has grown, with the balance even turning positive for a few months, meaning we exported more than we imported.  There have been big swings in recent quarters, but, overall, it appears as if exports are catching up with imports.  Looking back over this period at trade with the EU specifically, the balance is negative (we import more than we export) and reached a low in 2019 after many years of going down, but did increase in 2020. The UK is a net importer of goods from the EU but a net exporter of services.  Over the past decade, exports of goods to non-EU countries have grown more overall than exports to EU countries.","https://www.express.co.uk/comment/expresscomment/1450410/brexit-news-trade-deal-australia-new-visa-food,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6MSwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVhbGxjb3VudHJpZXNzZWFzb25hbGx5YWRqdXN0ZWQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.PEhdfMGEAX6ic9rkVvlKUWZnl_kIySGvDwylFDVWvto,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade/articles/theimpactsofeuexitandthecoronavirusonuktradeingoods/2021-05-25,https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/news/latest/end-brexit-transition,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktraderecordssheet,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl8/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/redir/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpbmRleCI6NiwicGFnZVNpemUiOjEwLCJwYWdlIjoxLCJ1cmkiOiIvZWNvbm9teS9uYXRpb25hbGFjY291bnRzL2JhbGFuY2VvZnBheW1lbnRzL2RhdGFzZXRzL3VrdHJhZGVyZWNvcmRzc2hlZXQiLCJsaXN0VHlwZSI6InJlbGF0ZWRkYXRhIn0.Jwl5t2Db7T2yAHdTwnqDRcwq3Pbnpd1EAu3J70XRp3k,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/datasets/uktradegoodsandservicespublicationtables,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/april2021,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsid/mret,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86i,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl6/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/l86m/ukea,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl7/diop,https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/timeseries/fsl4/diop,https://fullfact.org/economy/george-freeman-africa-eu-tariffs/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/millionaire-pensioners/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/uk-foreign-aid-g7/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/labours-record-on-unemployment/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/foreign-aid-2021/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",April’s trade figures fact checked,,,,,, -34,,,,Mixture,Leo Benedictus,2021-06-17,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/economy/uk-foreign-aid-g7/,The UK was the only G7 nation to reduce aid spending in 2020.,2021-06-17,fullfact,,"On Wednesday, opposition parties said the UK is the only country in the G7 to be reducing foreign aid. On Thursday, a New Statesman article said it was the only G7 country that had  reduced aid last year. Earlier in the week, a group of charities had released an open letter, in which they said that “While other G7 countries have stepped up their aid budget, the UK is the only one to have rowed back on its commitments."" Where 2020 is concerned, the claim by the New Statesman is potentially misleading. The supposed “cut” last year was extremely small—from 0.704% of national income to 0.698%—and the UK’s actual aid spending remained much higher than all other G7 countries, except Germany. The picture in 2021 is less clear, in part because we don’t yet know what any country’s total national income will be. The UK does plan a more substantial reduction this year—down to 0.5%—while most other G7 countries appear likely to raise their spending, at least on some measures. There are many different ways to measure how much a country spends on foreign aid. In cash terms, the US is the world’s biggest donor, but the US has a very large economy, so it also has more money to spend. Since 1970, many countries have endorsed a United Nations pledge to spend 0.7% of their Gross National Income (GNI) on aid each year. In practice, they have often failed to do so. The UK has spent almost exactly 0.7% of national income every year since 2013. However, it announced plans last November to reduce this to 0.5% from 2021. Spending 0.5% of national income on aid would be high by the UK’s historic standards, although it breaks a Conservative manifesto pledge and a legal commitment to maintain the level 0.7%. We have written another article that explains this in more detail. The New Statesman claimed in a headline, and on its “Chart of the Day” that “The UK was the only G7 member to cut foreign aid last year”. This is true, but misleading, because it says nothing about the overall spending levels themselves.   In reality, even while the UK was observing the commitment to spend 0.7% of its income, it did not spend precisely this amount. In 2018, the exact figure was 0.696%; in 2019, it was 0.704%; in 2020, it was 0.698%. This tiny fall of 0.006 percentage points is what the New Statesman chart called a “cut” of $60 “per $1m of GNI”. So the claim is true, but it leaves out the larger picture: that the UK’s aid spending was essentially unchanged in 2020, making it the second-highest donor in the G7, and still spending more than twice as much as Japan, Italy, the US or Canada. The New Statesman did say later in the article: “Britain is also set to be overtaken by France, which last year spent 0.53 per cent, but it will remain ahead of Canada (0.31 per cent), Japan (0.31 per cent), Italy (0.22 per cent) and the US (0.17 per cent).” It is not yet possible to know how much these countries will spend on aid as a proportion of their national income this year. Some projections suggest it will be higher than these figures. The UK’s reduction in aid spending in 2021 will be much larger than it was in 2020. Mr Miliband and Mr Blackford also claimed that it would be the only G7 country reducing aid this year. This appears to be a reference to the planned reduction from 0.7% to 0.5%. When we asked them for the source of the claim that the UK was the only country, Mr Blackford’s office told us that it came from a New Statesman article, but did not specify which one. We can’t find a New Statesman article that makes this claim, and the chart that we’ve already mentioned was published the day after Mr Blackford’s comments, so it’s not quite clear what the source was. We have asked for more clarity on this. Mr Miliband’s office did not reply. Both politicians’ comments resemble a claim made by many charities, academics and universities in an open letter on 6 June, which said: “While other G7 countries have stepped up their aid budget, the UK is the only one to have rowed back on its commitments."" We spoke to Bond, a charity that organised the letter, which told us that this claim is based on the absolute spending on aid by each country. It also cited a research article from January, which says that at least four other G7 countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan) plan to increase their absolute aid spending in 2021. We have not been able to find clear evidence that the US or Canada plan to raise absolute aid spending in 2021, although there are signs that the US may raise spending in 2022. An increase in absolute spending is also not necessarily an increase in a country’s share of income, if a country earns more in 2021 than it did in 2020. In short, there doesn’t seem to be enough evidence to support Mr MIliband’s or Mr Blackford’s comments, although it is plausible that they will turn out to be true when the evidence arrives.","https://www.newstatesman.com/world/2021/06/uk-was-only-g7-member-cut-foreign-aid-last-year,https://www.bond.org.uk/press-releases/2021/06/uks-words-risk-ringing-hollow-at-g7-unless-aid-cuts-are-reversed-warn,https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/ODA-2020-detailed-summary.pdf,https://www.oecd.org/development/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/the07odagnitarget-ahistory.htm,https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/Evolution%20of%20ODA.pdf#page=23,https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/Evolution%20of%20ODA.pdf#page=22,https://ifs.org.uk/uploads/BN322-The-UK%27s-reduction-in-aid-spending-2.pdf#page=7,https://ifs.org.uk/uploads/BN322-The-UK%27s-reduction-in-aid-spending-2.pdf#page=6,https://data.oecd.org/chart/6pc7,https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/spending-review-2020-speech,https://fullfact.org/economy/foreign-aid-2021/,https://www.newstatesman.com/world/2021/06/uk-was-only-g7-member-cut-foreign-aid-last-year,https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/aid-at-a-glance.htm,https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/statisticsonresourceflowstodevelopingcountries.htm,https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/,https://donortracker.org/country/france,https://donortracker.org/country/italy,https://www.bond.org.uk/sites/default/files/20210605_letter_to_the_prime_minister_-_g7.pdf,https://www.cgdev.org/publication/overview-impact-proposed-cuts-uk-aid,https://www.devex.com/news/biden-proposes-6-8b-boost-for-us-international-budget-99627,https://fullfact.org/economy/george-freeman-africa-eu-tariffs/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/millionaire-pensioners/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/april-2021-trade-figures/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/labours-record-on-unemployment/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/foreign-aid-2021/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content","The UK will cut aid this year, but barely did last year",,,,,, -35,,,,False,Tom Norton,2021-06-14,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,Vaccine manufacturers have never claimed their vaccines stop transmission of Covid-19.,2021-06-14,fullfact,,"A video interview of conspiracy theorist David Icke, posted on Facebook, makes a number of misleading and dangerous claims about Covid-19 vaccine manufacturers, gene therapy and asymptomatic cases of the virus.  During the video, Mr Icke claims the transmission of Covid-19 through those with asymptomatic cases of the virus is a “hoax” and brands asymptomatic Covid-19 a “load of nonsense”. There is a large amount of evidence that asymptomatic cases not only exist but may have accounted for a huge proportion of total Covid-19 cases. One analysis published in the Lancet in January states that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients are infectious (although may be less so than symptomatic patients). It concluded that “where resources permit, contact tracing should proactively seek people with asymptomatic COVID-19 because they can transmit disease and will need to be contained if a national policy objective is to minimise cases and transmission.” Other analysis has been more forthright – a meta-analysis of eight Chinese studies, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association, says that transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated in some cases to have accounted for more than half of all Covid-19 transmissions. Mr Icke also claims that Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum said Covid-19 was “an opportunity for a great reset to save the world from human caused climate change” and later states that Covid-19 and climate change are “two hoaxes perpetuated by the same force”.  The basis for this, he says, was a book by Mr Schwab and author Theirry Mallaret called “The Great Reset”. Since its publication in 2020 it has drawn the attention of conspiracy theorists.  The Great Reset (very broadly summarised) discusses how the world’s political, business and social institutions may wish to address pre-existing geo-political concerns, such as global warming, in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic.  In the book Mr Schwab suggests the possibility of creating “long-lasting and wider environmental changes” through changes in behaviours and new activism as society readapts to a world in which it must co-exist with Covid-19. He also provides some evidence of some of the efforts being made by big business and others to achieve this.  However, Mr Schwab also states the pandemic has created significant risk that the climate change agenda could be deprioritised as nations attempt to deal with other pressures caused by the virus.  Mr Schwab states that some economies may even “put aside” concerns about global warming to concentrate on their recovery following Covid-19, which may well include subsidising “fossil-fuel heavy and carbon emitting industries”.  So while Mr Schwab did talk about climate change policy and action in respect of the global recovery from Covid-19, there is nothing to suggest the pandemic was engineered to promote this agenda. Mr Icke also suggests that none of the manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccines are “claiming to stop transmission”. Evidence shows vaccines reduce the risk of infection for those who have been vaccinated, and the risk of people who have been vaccinated from passing on the virus.  While manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccines have not claimed they prevent 100% of transmission, as they do not, evidence suggests the vaccines significantly reduce the risk. Evidence from Public Health England showed that the vaccine reduces the risk of infection by more than 70% which rises to 85% after two weeks.  Other studies have shown recipients of the Pfizer vaccine were 95% less likely to contract Covid-19. For the Moderna vaccine that was 94% and for AstraZeneca it was 76%.  Initial research, covering over a million contacts in the UK, has found that people who became infected three weeks after their first vaccination were between 38% and 49% less likely to pass the virus onto household contacts. This protection appeared from around two weeks after the vaccination, and was regardless of age. We also have repeatedly written about the links between transmission of Covid-19 and vaccines. Mr Icke says plainly at one point that none of the Covid-19 vaccines fulfill the definition of a vaccine but that “they are a gene therapy”. Gene therapy is a technique to treat illnesses by modifying an individuals' genes, for example by replacing a faulty gene with a healthy one. As we have stated before, some of the Covid-19 vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA) that codes a protein specific to a pathogen’s surface. This mRNA provides instructions to make the proteins usually found on the surface of the Covid-19 virus. This in turn prompts the body to make Covid-19 antibodies.  However, introduction of mRNA into human cells does not change the DNA of the human cells and if these cells replicate, the mRNA would not be incorporated into the new cells’ genetic information. There are a number of other claims within the video which we’ve already debunked including false claims that that the inventor of PCR said it couldn’t be used to detect infectious diseases, that vaccines make you infertile and that the current Covid-19 vaccines don’t fulfil the definition of what a vaccine is.","https://www.facebook.com/OracleFilmsUK/videos/vb.110226437870353/505147480839056/?type=2&theater,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-what-proportion-are-asymptomatic/,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32651-9/fulltext,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707,https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2021/1/2/22203108/great-reset-world-economic-forum-politics-conservative-conspiracy-parler-america-first,https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2021/1/2/22203108/great-reset-world-economic-forum-politics-conservative-conspiracy-parler-america-first,http://reparti.free.fr/schwab2020.pdf#page=60,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-real-world-uk-data-shows-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-provides-high-levels-of-protection-from-the-first-dose,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/azd1222-us-phase-iii-primary-analysis-confirms-safety-and-efficacy.html,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-infection-illness/,https://fullfact.org/online/this-morning-vaccines/,https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/cellular-gene-therapy-products/what-gene-therapy,https://fullfact.org/online/rna-vaccine-covid/,https://fullfact.org/online/pcr-test-mullis/,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",David Icke makes false claim that vaccines are ‘gene therapy’,,,,,, -36,,,,False,Tom Norton,2021-06-14,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,Vaccine manufacturers have never claimed their vaccines stop transmission of Covid-19.,2021-06-14,fullfact,,"A video interview of conspiracy theorist David Icke, posted on Facebook, makes a number of misleading and dangerous claims about Covid-19 vaccine manufacturers, gene therapy and asymptomatic cases of the virus.  During the video, Mr Icke claims the transmission of Covid-19 through those with asymptomatic cases of the virus is a “hoax” and brands asymptomatic Covid-19 a “load of nonsense”. There is a large amount of evidence that asymptomatic cases not only exist but may have accounted for a huge proportion of total Covid-19 cases. One analysis published in the Lancet in January states that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients are infectious (although may be less so than symptomatic patients). It concluded that “where resources permit, contact tracing should proactively seek people with asymptomatic COVID-19 because they can transmit disease and will need to be contained if a national policy objective is to minimise cases and transmission.” Other analysis has been more forthright – a meta-analysis of eight Chinese studies, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association, says that transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated in some cases to have accounted for more than half of all Covid-19 transmissions. Mr Icke also claims that Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum said Covid-19 was “an opportunity for a great reset to save the world from human caused climate change” and later states that Covid-19 and climate change are “two hoaxes perpetuated by the same force”.  The basis for this, he says, was a book by Mr Schwab and author Theirry Mallaret called “The Great Reset”. Since its publication in 2020 it has drawn the attention of conspiracy theorists.  The Great Reset (very broadly summarised) discusses how the world’s political, business and social institutions may wish to address pre-existing geo-political concerns, such as global warming, in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic.  In the book Mr Schwab suggests the possibility of creating “long-lasting and wider environmental changes” through changes in behaviours and new activism as society readapts to a world in which it must co-exist with Covid-19. He also provides some evidence of some of the efforts being made by big business and others to achieve this.  However, Mr Schwab also states the pandemic has created significant risk that the climate change agenda could be deprioritised as nations attempt to deal with other pressures caused by the virus.  Mr Schwab states that some economies may even “put aside” concerns about global warming to concentrate on their recovery following Covid-19, which may well include subsidising “fossil-fuel heavy and carbon emitting industries”.  So while Mr Schwab did talk about climate change policy and action in respect of the global recovery from Covid-19, there is nothing to suggest the pandemic was engineered to promote this agenda. Mr Icke also suggests that none of the manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccines are “claiming to stop transmission”. Evidence shows vaccines reduce the risk of infection for those who have been vaccinated, and the risk of people who have been vaccinated from passing on the virus.  While manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccines have not claimed they prevent 100% of transmission, as they do not, evidence suggests the vaccines significantly reduce the risk. Evidence from Public Health England showed that the vaccine reduces the risk of infection by more than 70% which rises to 85% after two weeks.  Other studies have shown recipients of the Pfizer vaccine were 95% less likely to contract Covid-19. For the Moderna vaccine that was 94% and for AstraZeneca it was 76%.  Initial research, covering over a million contacts in the UK, has found that people who became infected three weeks after their first vaccination were between 38% and 49% less likely to pass the virus onto household contacts. This protection appeared from around two weeks after the vaccination, and was regardless of age. We also have repeatedly written about the links between transmission of Covid-19 and vaccines. Mr Icke says plainly at one point that none of the Covid-19 vaccines fulfill the definition of a vaccine but that “they are a gene therapy”. Gene therapy is a technique to treat illnesses by modifying an individuals' genes, for example by replacing a faulty gene with a healthy one. As we have stated before, some of the Covid-19 vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA) that codes a protein specific to a pathogen’s surface. This mRNA provides instructions to make the proteins usually found on the surface of the Covid-19 virus. This in turn prompts the body to make Covid-19 antibodies.  However, introduction of mRNA into human cells does not change the DNA of the human cells and if these cells replicate, the mRNA would not be incorporated into the new cells’ genetic information. There are a number of other claims within the video which we’ve already debunked including false claims that that the inventor of PCR said it couldn’t be used to detect infectious diseases, that vaccines make you infertile and that the current Covid-19 vaccines don’t fulfil the definition of what a vaccine is.","https://www.facebook.com/OracleFilmsUK/videos/vb.110226437870353/505147480839056/?type=2&theater,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-what-proportion-are-asymptomatic/,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32651-9/fulltext,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707,https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2021/1/2/22203108/great-reset-world-economic-forum-politics-conservative-conspiracy-parler-america-first,https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2021/1/2/22203108/great-reset-world-economic-forum-politics-conservative-conspiracy-parler-america-first,http://reparti.free.fr/schwab2020.pdf#page=60,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-real-world-uk-data-shows-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-provides-high-levels-of-protection-from-the-first-dose,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/azd1222-us-phase-iii-primary-analysis-confirms-safety-and-efficacy.html,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-infection-illness/,https://fullfact.org/online/this-morning-vaccines/,https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/cellular-gene-therapy-products/what-gene-therapy,https://fullfact.org/online/rna-vaccine-covid/,https://fullfact.org/online/pcr-test-mullis/,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",David Icke makes false claim that vaccines are ‘gene therapy’,,,,,, -37,,,,False,Tom Norton,2021-06-14,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-makes-false-claim-that-vaccines-are-gene-therapy/,Vaccine manufacturers have never claimed their vaccines stop transmission of Covid-19.,2021-06-14,fullfact,,"A video interview of conspiracy theorist David Icke, posted on Facebook, makes a number of misleading and dangerous claims about Covid-19 vaccine manufacturers, gene therapy and asymptomatic cases of the virus.  During the video, Mr Icke claims the transmission of Covid-19 through those with asymptomatic cases of the virus is a “hoax” and brands asymptomatic Covid-19 a “load of nonsense”. There is a large amount of evidence that asymptomatic cases not only exist but may have accounted for a huge proportion of total Covid-19 cases. One analysis published in the Lancet in January states that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients are infectious (although may be less so than symptomatic patients). It concluded that “where resources permit, contact tracing should proactively seek people with asymptomatic COVID-19 because they can transmit disease and will need to be contained if a national policy objective is to minimise cases and transmission.” Other analysis has been more forthright – a meta-analysis of eight Chinese studies, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association, says that transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated in some cases to have accounted for more than half of all Covid-19 transmissions. Mr Icke also claims that Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum said Covid-19 was “an opportunity for a great reset to save the world from human caused climate change” and later states that Covid-19 and climate change are “two hoaxes perpetuated by the same force”.  The basis for this, he says, was a book by Mr Schwab and author Theirry Mallaret called “The Great Reset”. Since its publication in 2020 it has drawn the attention of conspiracy theorists.  The Great Reset (very broadly summarised) discusses how the world’s political, business and social institutions may wish to address pre-existing geo-political concerns, such as global warming, in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic.  In the book Mr Schwab suggests the possibility of creating “long-lasting and wider environmental changes” through changes in behaviours and new activism as society readapts to a world in which it must co-exist with Covid-19. He also provides some evidence of some of the efforts being made by big business and others to achieve this.  However, Mr Schwab also states the pandemic has created significant risk that the climate change agenda could be deprioritised as nations attempt to deal with other pressures caused by the virus.  Mr Schwab states that some economies may even “put aside” concerns about global warming to concentrate on their recovery following Covid-19, which may well include subsidising “fossil-fuel heavy and carbon emitting industries”.  So while Mr Schwab did talk about climate change policy and action in respect of the global recovery from Covid-19, there is nothing to suggest the pandemic was engineered to promote this agenda. Mr Icke also suggests that none of the manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccines are “claiming to stop transmission”. Evidence shows vaccines reduce the risk of infection for those who have been vaccinated, and the risk of people who have been vaccinated from passing on the virus.  While manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccines have not claimed they prevent 100% of transmission, as they do not, evidence suggests the vaccines significantly reduce the risk. Evidence from Public Health England showed that the vaccine reduces the risk of infection by more than 70% which rises to 85% after two weeks.  Other studies have shown recipients of the Pfizer vaccine were 95% less likely to contract Covid-19. For the Moderna vaccine that was 94% and for AstraZeneca it was 76%.  Initial research, covering over a million contacts in the UK, has found that people who became infected three weeks after their first vaccination were between 38% and 49% less likely to pass the virus onto household contacts. This protection appeared from around two weeks after the vaccination, and was regardless of age. We also have repeatedly written about the links between transmission of Covid-19 and vaccines. Mr Icke says plainly at one point that none of the Covid-19 vaccines fulfill the definition of a vaccine but that “they are a gene therapy”. Gene therapy is a technique to treat illnesses by modifying an individuals' genes, for example by replacing a faulty gene with a healthy one. As we have stated before, some of the Covid-19 vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA) that codes a protein specific to a pathogen’s surface. This mRNA provides instructions to make the proteins usually found on the surface of the Covid-19 virus. This in turn prompts the body to make Covid-19 antibodies.  However, introduction of mRNA into human cells does not change the DNA of the human cells and if these cells replicate, the mRNA would not be incorporated into the new cells’ genetic information. There are a number of other claims within the video which we’ve already debunked including false claims that that the inventor of PCR said it couldn’t be used to detect infectious diseases, that vaccines make you infertile and that the current Covid-19 vaccines don’t fulfil the definition of what a vaccine is.","https://www.facebook.com/OracleFilmsUK/videos/vb.110226437870353/505147480839056/?type=2&theater,https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/198833/whole-town-study-reveals-more-than-40/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03141-3,https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-what-proportion-are-asymptomatic/,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32651-9/fulltext,https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2774707,https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2021/1/2/22203108/great-reset-world-economic-forum-politics-conservative-conspiracy-parler-america-first,https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2021/1/2/22203108/great-reset-world-economic-forum-politics-conservative-conspiracy-parler-america-first,http://reparti.free.fr/schwab2020.pdf#page=60,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-real-world-uk-data-shows-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-provides-high-levels-of-protection-from-the-first-dose,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/azd1222-us-phase-iii-primary-analysis-confirms-safety-and-efficacy.html,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-infection-illness/,https://fullfact.org/online/this-morning-vaccines/,https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/cellular-gene-therapy-products/what-gene-therapy,https://fullfact.org/online/rna-vaccine-covid/,https://fullfact.org/online/pcr-test-mullis/,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",David Icke makes false claim that vaccines are ‘gene therapy’,,,,,, -38,,,,Other,Daniella de Block Golding,2021-06-11,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-midazolam/,There's no evidence there is a Covid-19 virus. The illusion of it has been manifested by using a fake test and fraudulent death certificates.,2021-06-11,fullfact,,"Conspiracy theorist David Icke has released a long  video that has been shared on social media, talking about the use of a drug called midazolam during the Covid-19 pandemic. He claims that midazolam was used to facilitate the “culling of old people”, and that Covid-19 is a faked pandemic used as a guise to allow this.  He also claims that tests for Covid-19 are “fake” and death certificates issued during the pandemic are fraudulent.  There is no evidence for any of these claims. Covid-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus. We have written many times before about the Covid-19 pandemic, and the evidence behind proof of its existence. It has been isolated many times, been recognised worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation in March 2020. We also know that tests for Covid-19 are largely accurate. We have written more about tests for Covid-19 previously.  There has been some controversy around the way that deaths from Covid-19 have been recorded. Sometimes death tolls count anybody who has died within 28 days of a positive test for Covid-19. Others, however, only include deaths which have Covid-19 recorded as the cause of death on the death certificate by a doctor (the government’s Covid-19 dashboard includes both of these tolls).  Up until the week ending 28 May 2021, the Office for National Statistics data shows there have been 138,367 deaths in England and Wales involving Covid-19 (where Covid-19 is mentioned anywhere on the death certificate), and 123,717 with Covid-19 documented as the underlying cause of death on the death certificate. As of April 2021, there were approximately 42,341 deaths of care home residents involving Covid-19 in England and Wales. This is an approximate figure, as testing availability in the community was variable, particularly during the first wave.  Midazolam is a type of benzodiazepine medication, used as a conscious sedative, anaesthetic agent, anticonvulsant and is also licensed to help manage restlessness and agitation in palliative care.  Midazolam is often prescribed as an ‘anticipatory medication’. These are medications that are prescribed in advance for patients who are nearing the end of life should they experience any common and unpleasant symptoms such as anxiety, pain, nausea and vomiting associated with the dying process. They do not necessarily have to be used, and should be given ‘as required’.  Midazolam can also be used more generally for patients who are not nearing end of life, and for sedation for certain medical procedures.  There is no evidence that midazolam was being used with the intention of ending care home residents’ lives, or that this was a formal policy.  The Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) told Full Fact: “These claims are deeply misleading. The government’s top priority throughout this pandemic has always been doing everything possible to save lives.” Euthanasia remains illegal in the UK.  During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government did stockpile certain medications, including midazolam.  DHSC told Full Fact: “COVID-19 has brought about an increase in global and UK demand for a number of medicines, including midazolam to support patients in intensive care or at the end of their lives.” In his video post, Mr Icke says that the UK supplemented stocks by getting midazolam from France. A DHSC spokesperson previously told Full Fact that: “To manage increases in demand, we have been building UK stockpiles of key medicines, including midazolam. “All of the Midazolam purchased for the UK Covid-19 medicines stockpile was sourced within the UK, has been licensed for use in the UK and was destined for the UK market.” There has been some confusion around where the stock came from, as an article published in the Pharmaceutical Journal in May 2020, in which the DHSC reportedly confirmed that “some French label stock” of midazolam was being sold in the UK. It is unclear whether this stock had already reached France or had been produced and held in the UK. We have written more about this previously.  In the video, Mr Icke suggests that the use of midazolam, and practices around end of life care are a return to the Liverpool Care Pathway, which was abolished in 2014.  The Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) was a generic approach to care for the dying, intended to improve end of life care and allow some of the essentials of palliative medicine and hospice model end of life practices into hospitals and other healthcare settings.  It became controversial and was criticised by patient and family groups, media and by some medical professionals who referenced cases where individuals had been ‘put on’ the pathway without consent or discussion and where the pathway had been used as an excuse for depersonalised and substandard care. Complaints included anger around medications being stopped, patients not being offered food and drink, or being inappropriately identified as dying. There were also criticisms that the use of the LCP had hastened people’s deaths through over-prescription of painkillers and/or the withdrawal of hydration or nutrition.  This led to an independent review in 2013, which concluded that although the principles behind the LCP could promote good practice and prevent suffering at the end of life, there had been failings. It was recommended that the LCP be replaced by an individualised end of life care plan for each patient. The review also recommended structural change, education, planning and inspection around end of life care.  Therefore, while midazolam was included as a symptom control option in the LCP, its use has continued as a tenet of good end of life care.  There is no evidence that the LCP has been reinstated. DHSC confirmed that it is not aware of any trusts using the LCP since it was phased out, and NHS England is clear that the LCP must not be used.","https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1053552418504543,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19,https://fullfact.org/health/Covid-isolated-virus/,https://fullfact.org/health/antivax-video-march-2021/,https://fullfact.org/online/coronavirus-textbook-1989-common-cold/,https://fullfact.org/health/colds-flu-second-wave/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-is-not-flu/,https://fullfact.org/health/antivax-video-march-2021/,https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020,https://fullfact.org/online/screenshot-false-positive-rate-viruses-exist/,https://fullfact.org/health/coronavirus-pcr-test-accuracy/,https://fullfact.org/health/cycle-threshold-values/,https://fullfact.org/health/lateral-flow/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19/latestinsights#deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregisteredweeklyinenglandandwalesprovisional/latest,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregisteredweeklyinenglandandwalesprovisional/latest,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/deathsinvolvingcovid19inthecaresectorenglandandwales/deathsregisteredbetweenweekending20march2020andweekending2april2021,https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drug/midazolam.html,https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/professionals/palliative-care-knowledge-zone/symptom-control/anticipatory-medicines,https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/euthanasia-and-assisted-suicide/,https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/supplies-of-sedative-used-for-covid-19-patients-diverted-from-france-to-avoid-potential-shortages,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212450/Liverpool_Care_Pathway.pdf#page=6,https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/media/press-releases/marie-curie-welcomes-recommendations-of-liverpool-care-pathway-review/103369,https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/end-of-life-and-palliative-care/what-is-the-liverpool-care-pathway-08-11-2012/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963294/pdf/wellcomeopenres-3-15857.pdf,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212450/Liverpool_Care_Pathway.pdf#page=3,https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/end-of-life-and-palliative-care/what-is-the-liverpool-care-pathway-08-11-2012/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963294/pdf/wellcomeopenres-3-15857.pdf,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212450/Liverpool_Care_Pathway.pdf#page=4,https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2364029/How-Liverpool-Care-Pathway-used-excuse-appalling-care.html,https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2223286/Hospitals-bribed-patients-pathway-death-Cash-incentive-NHS-trusts-meet-targets-Liverpool-Care-Pathway.html,https://www.compassionindying.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/IN05-What-happened-to-the-Liverpool-Care-Pathway.pdf#page=1,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212450/Liverpool_Care_Pathway.pdf,https://www.palliativedrugs.com/download/08_06_LCP_renalprescribing.pdf%60#page=7,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Covid-19 is real and not a government euthanasia policy,,,,,, -39,,,,True,Leo Benedictus,2021-06-10,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/economy/foreign-aid-2021/,The present government has spent more on foreign aid than any previous Labour government.,2021-06-10,fullfact,,"On Wednesday, the Prime Minister said that this government has spent more on aid than Labour governments did in the past. He also said that the government was continuing to spend more—even with its planned reduction of the aid budget from 0.7% to 0.5% of national income. This is essentially true, with some minor caveats. Since the late 2000s, the UK has spent much more on foreign aid than it used to—both in terms of cash, and as a share of the national income. So the Conservative-led governments since 2010 have certainly spent more on aid than any previous Labour government, and more than any previous Conservative government too. This partly reflects the UK’s commitment, along with many other countries, to the United Nations target of spending 0.7% of national income on foreign aid every year. In practice, countries often do not live up to this.The UK has met the 0.7% aid target every year since 2013, however, and in 2015 the Conservative-led coalition government made doing so a legal requirement. This usually means spending more on aid each year, as the national income grows, but in 2020 it’s expected to mean spending less in cash terms, because the national income fell during the pandemic. Maintaining the 0.7% commitment was also a pledge in the Conservatives’ 2019 general election manifesto. In November 2020, however, the government announced that it would reduce the target to 0.5% for a period, while finances recover from the pandemic. “Our intention is to return to 0.7% when the fiscal situation allows,” the Chancellor, Rishi Sunak, said. The new target will substantially reduce the amount of aid spending. Although even at 0.5% of national income, it will be higher than it generally was before 2006. Mr Johnson’s claim that “we continue to spend more than Labour ever did” is therefore accurate if you compare sustained periods of government—although Labour did spend 0.51% of national income on foreign aid in two single years: 2006 and 2009.","https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/spending-review-2020-speech,https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/statistics-on-international-development-final-uk-aid-spend-2019,https://www.oecd.org/development/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/the07odagnitarget-ahistory.htm,https://ifs.org.uk/uploads/BN322-The-UK%27s-reduction-in-aid-spending-2.pdf#page=7,https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03714/,https://assets-global.website-files.com/5da42e2cae7ebd3f8bde353c/5dda924905da587992a064ba_Conservative%202019%20Manifesto.pdf#page=55,https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/spending-review-2020-speech,https://fullfact.org/economy/george-freeman-africa-eu-tariffs/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/millionaire-pensioners/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/april-2021-trade-figures/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/uk-foreign-aid-g7/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/economy/labours-record-on-unemployment/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Boris Johnson was broadly right about aid spending,,,,,, -40,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-04,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Piers-Corbyn-wrong-covid-vaccine-figures/,"Covid-19 vaccines have caused 859,481 adverse reactions.",2021-06-04,fullfact,,"A Facebook post by Piers Corbyn claims that a Channel 4 documentary “The Anti-Vax Conspiracy” failed to highlight deaths from and adverse reactions to Covid-19 vaccines in the UK. But some of the points he makes are not accurate.  The Yellow Card scheme is “the UK system for collecting and monitoring information on safety concerns such as suspected side effects or adverse incidents involving medicines and medical devices.” It relies on voluntary reporting from medics and members of the public, and is intended to provide an early warning of any previously unknown risks. Using the latest statistics when the statement was posted, there were 246,970 adverse reaction reports made to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), among which there were 857,323 suspected reactions (a single report may contain more than one symptom).  However, as we have stated before, while the Yellow Card scheme records reported adverse reactions following vaccination, it does not mean the vaccines are necessarily the cause of  these reactions.  While the MHRA monitors the effects of the vaccines, it has noted the number and nature of Yellow Card reports is “not unusual for a new vaccine for which members of the public and healthcare professionals are encouraged to report any suspected adverse reaction.” The MHRA notes that the “overwhelming majority” of these reports are of injection site reactions that are “not associated with more serious or lasting illness” which “reflect the acute immune response triggered by the body to the vaccines, are typically seen with most types of vaccine and tend to resolve within a day or two.” Out of the 857,323 suspected reactions, 1,400 include more serious potential side effects such as anaphylaxis, blood clots and capillary leak syndrome (a rare but potentially fatal condition where blood leaks from the small blood vessels into the body). Again, this does not mean that the vaccine caused them. There have been 1,213 reported deaths within seven days of vaccination. Although Mr Corbyn gave the correct number, he was wrong to say these were all caused by the vaccines. The MHRA’s report states: “The majority of these reports were in elderly people or people with underlying illness.” The MHRA states that individual reviews have (so far) found no link between these deaths and the vaccine.  Mr Corbyn also claimed people are more likely to die from Covid-19 vaccines than from Covid-19. This is clearly untrue, as at least 123,647 people have already died of Covid in England and Wales so far. Even if everyone in England and Wales had been infected with Covid, this would still make it much more dangerous than vaccination.  Mr Corbyn claims in his post there is a 99.97% survival rate for Covid-19. We’ve written before about how European estimates (i.e. estimates in countries with similar age profiles and healthcare quality as the UK) put the fatality rate at somewhere between 0.5% and 1%, meaning the “survival rate” could be somewhere between 99% and 99.5%. But precise estimates for the UK are difficult to make, because we don’t know how many people have caught Covid, and therefore what proportion have survived.","https://www.facebook.com/stopnewnormaluk/posts/297520508757540,https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/the-yellow-card-scheme/,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/989946/Coronavirus_vaccine_-_summary_of_Yellow_Card_reporting_19.05.21.pdf,https://fullfact.org/online/yellow-card-astrazeneca-reactions/,https://fullfact.org/online/460-vaccine-deaths-yellow-card/,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/991132/Coronavirus_vaccine_-_summary_of_Yellow_Card_reporting_26_05.pdf#page=14,https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc1399/fig2/datadownload.xlsx,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-ifr-more-01/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Piers Corbyn makes misleading claims about vaccine deaths,,,,,, -41,,,,Other,Abbas Panjwani,2021-06-04,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/MHRA-yellow-card-poster/,Yellow Card data will allow the vaccines to move out of the phase 3 clinical trials and be granted full approval.,2021-06-04,fullfact,,"A poster which has been made to look like it comes from the Medical and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has been shared on social media, and asks people to report any side effects from Covid-19 vaccines. Full Fact readers have asked us whether the poster is genuine, but it is not.   The poster talks about the importance of the Yellow Card scheme, which is the UK system for collecting reports of safety concerns such as potential side effects involving medical devices and medicines, including vaccines.   It claims that Yellow Card reports are essential to ensure the Covid-19 vaccines are safe and effective and will enable the vaccines to move out of phase 3 clinical trials and be granted “full approval”.  However, these claims are not entirely true. The poster is a pretty good imitation of similar graphics published by the MHRA but there are still some clues which suggest that it might not be genuine. Doing a Google image search for “MHRA Coronavirus (Covid-19) vaccine injury report scheme” returned very similar graphics to the fake one. These images led to a legitimate MHRA webpage which linked to various resources for its “Every report counts campaign”, including posters. However, none of the posters or images there matched the image we’re checking.  And while the style was quite similar (using the same graphics of people and colour scheme), there were some key differences.  The real posters use a slightly different typeface and the MHRA’s logo looks different in the fabricated poster. There is also a grammatical error in the fake poster.   The MHRA confirmed to Full Fact that the image on social media did not come from them. The claims made in the fake poster are also not entirely accurate. It is true that the MHRA has launched a campaign promoting the Yellow Card scheme, and it is important people report suspected side effects from vaccines so they can be investigated. But the fake poster then says: “This [data] will allow [the vaccines] to move out of the phase 3 clinical trials and be granted full approval by the European Medical Agency as it currently only has temporary approval by the MHRA.” This doesn’t accurately represent how vaccine approval works nor the place of Yellow Card reports in the process.  Vaccines, like other drugs, go through a number of stages before being released.  Before human trials, vaccines must be shown to be safe and effective in animals. Then, phase 1 trials among up to 100 adults are focused on making sure the vaccine has no major safety concerns, and to work out the most effective dose. Phase 2 trials involve a few hundred participants and are more focused on checking the vaccine works consistently, and starting to look for any side effects. Phase 3 trials are then conducted among, typically, thousands of participants and are used to gather statistically significant and robust data on a vaccine’s safety and efficacy.  Following phase 3, the vaccine manufacturer can submit all their data to the regulatory body (which in the UK is the MHRA) which will then decide whether to licence the vaccine. The four Covid-19 vaccines approved for use in the UK (Oxford-AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen) have all published data from their phase 3 trials demonstrating they are safe and effective. Participants in these trials are being monitored for the next few years, but it’s wrong to suggest that Yellow Card reports are needed for the vaccines to “move out of the phase 3 clinical trials.”  It is also wrong to suggest, as some on social media have done, that because these trials are ongoing, people who take the vaccines are themselves in clinical trials. Some drugs also go through trials after being fully rolled out, known as phase 4 trials, which don’t mean that people regularly prescribed them are in clinical trials themselves.  Analysis of the Yellow Card reports so far shows that, other than well-known, temporary, mild and moderate side effects, such as fatigue, the risk of serious illness is very low. One possible link between the AstraZeneca vaccine and a rare blood clot has been identified. The latest data shows around one in 400,000 people who have been given a dose of the vaccine have died of one of these blood clots in the UK.  The poster claims the vaccines have received “temporary approval” which is essentially correct.  The Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines have received temporary authorisation via regulation 174 of the Human Medicines Regulation 2012, while the Moderna and Janssen vaccines have received “conditional marketing authorisation”, a type of licence.  We’ve written about the different types of authorisation for vaccines before.  Normally, vaccines go through a process to obtain marketing authorisation (also known as a licence). In certain scenarios, however, for example in response to “pathogenic agents”, the MHRA may use different types of authorisation. Regulation 174 temporary authorisations are triggered by the government, rather than applied for by the drug company, and authorise the emergency supply of an unlicensed medicine in response to an unmet public health need. The process doesn’t allow them to be turned into full permanent licenses, although that doesn’t stop Pfizer or AstraZeneca applying for a license for their vaccines in the future. A conditional marketing authorisation, as held by Moderna and Janssen for their Covid vaccines, is applied for by the company in question. It is also a form of temporary authorisation, but can be converted into a full, permanent marketing authorisation, or licence.   The MHRA has previously told Full Fact that temporary authorisation and conditional marketing authorisations are “regulatory tools that enable medicines to be approved at the earliest time possible during an emergency situation, as soon as there are robust data to show that the benefits outweigh the risks” and added that no vaccine would be authorised in this way “unless the expected high standards are met”.","https://twitter.com/BluesManV2/status/1398551917840711685,https://www.facebook.com/ANHInternational/photos/a.867511463290190/5491771804197443,https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/the-yellow-card-scheme/,https://www.google.com/search?q=MHRA+Coronavirus+(Covid-19)+vaccine+injury+report+scheme&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNgsWEsfvwAhWzDWMBHd72DaYQ_AUoAnoECAEQBA&biw=1536&bih=722#imgrc=A5obLUBDLxp27M,https://coronavirus-yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/,https://coronavirus-yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/campaignpage,https://downloads.ctfassets.net/58vt0wp5xpi9/1cq6VCa1c0MwC7uXmAtF2N/b6a4b3853a9362b475017cf225628ed6/A4_Poster_EveryReportCounts-1-.pdf,https://images.ctfassets.net/58vt0wp5xpi9/7p797fj8tVdb7aXCHbhjGw/2d85aecf0c19caa879531effb26583fd/Email_Signature_Version-1_ERC-1-.png,https://coronavirus-yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/campaignpage,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32661-1/fulltext,https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2034577,https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2035389,https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2101544,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04516746?term=NCT04516746&draw=2&rank=1,https://twitter.com/BluesManV2/status/1398551917840711685,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#analysis-of-data,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-uk-recipients-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-uk-recipients-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1916/regulation/174/made,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/summary-of-the-public-assessment-report-for-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1916/made/data.pdf#page=35,https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/access-to-treatment/how-are-drugs-licensed-in-the-uk,https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/access-to-treatment/how-are-drugs-licensed-in-the-uk,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1916/regulation/174/made,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Poster about Yellow Card scheme is not real,,,,,, -42,,,,Other,Abbas Panjwani,2021-06-04,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/MHRA-yellow-card-poster/,Yellow Card data will allow the vaccines to move out of the phase 3 clinical trials and be granted full approval.,2021-06-04,fullfact,,"A poster which has been made to look like it comes from the Medical and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has been shared on social media, and asks people to report any side effects from Covid-19 vaccines. Full Fact readers have asked us whether the poster is genuine, but it is not.   The poster talks about the importance of the Yellow Card scheme, which is the UK system for collecting reports of safety concerns such as potential side effects involving medical devices and medicines, including vaccines.   It claims that Yellow Card reports are essential to ensure the Covid-19 vaccines are safe and effective and will enable the vaccines to move out of phase 3 clinical trials and be granted “full approval”.  However, these claims are not entirely true. The poster is a pretty good imitation of similar graphics published by the MHRA but there are still some clues which suggest that it might not be genuine. Doing a Google image search for “MHRA Coronavirus (Covid-19) vaccine injury report scheme” returned very similar graphics to the fake one. These images led to a legitimate MHRA webpage which linked to various resources for its “Every report counts campaign”, including posters. However, none of the posters or images there matched the image we’re checking.  And while the style was quite similar (using the same graphics of people and colour scheme), there were some key differences.  The real posters use a slightly different typeface and the MHRA’s logo looks different in the fabricated poster. There is also a grammatical error in the fake poster.   The MHRA confirmed to Full Fact that the image on social media did not come from them. The claims made in the fake poster are also not entirely accurate. It is true that the MHRA has launched a campaign promoting the Yellow Card scheme, and it is important people report suspected side effects from vaccines so they can be investigated. But the fake poster then says: “This [data] will allow [the vaccines] to move out of the phase 3 clinical trials and be granted full approval by the European Medical Agency as it currently only has temporary approval by the MHRA.” This doesn’t accurately represent how vaccine approval works nor the place of Yellow Card reports in the process.  Vaccines, like other drugs, go through a number of stages before being released.  Before human trials, vaccines must be shown to be safe and effective in animals. Then, phase 1 trials among up to 100 adults are focused on making sure the vaccine has no major safety concerns, and to work out the most effective dose. Phase 2 trials involve a few hundred participants and are more focused on checking the vaccine works consistently, and starting to look for any side effects. Phase 3 trials are then conducted among, typically, thousands of participants and are used to gather statistically significant and robust data on a vaccine’s safety and efficacy.  Following phase 3, the vaccine manufacturer can submit all their data to the regulatory body (which in the UK is the MHRA) which will then decide whether to licence the vaccine. The four Covid-19 vaccines approved for use in the UK (Oxford-AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen) have all published data from their phase 3 trials demonstrating they are safe and effective. Participants in these trials are being monitored for the next few years, but it’s wrong to suggest that Yellow Card reports are needed for the vaccines to “move out of the phase 3 clinical trials.”  It is also wrong to suggest, as some on social media have done, that because these trials are ongoing, people who take the vaccines are themselves in clinical trials. Some drugs also go through trials after being fully rolled out, known as phase 4 trials, which don’t mean that people regularly prescribed them are in clinical trials themselves.  Analysis of the Yellow Card reports so far shows that, other than well-known, temporary, mild and moderate side effects, such as fatigue, the risk of serious illness is very low. One possible link between the AstraZeneca vaccine and a rare blood clot has been identified. The latest data shows around one in 400,000 people who have been given a dose of the vaccine have died of one of these blood clots in the UK.  The poster claims the vaccines have received “temporary approval” which is essentially correct.  The Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines have received temporary authorisation via regulation 174 of the Human Medicines Regulation 2012, while the Moderna and Janssen vaccines have received “conditional marketing authorisation”, a type of licence.  We’ve written about the different types of authorisation for vaccines before.  Normally, vaccines go through a process to obtain marketing authorisation (also known as a licence). In certain scenarios, however, for example in response to “pathogenic agents”, the MHRA may use different types of authorisation. Regulation 174 temporary authorisations are triggered by the government, rather than applied for by the drug company, and authorise the emergency supply of an unlicensed medicine in response to an unmet public health need. The process doesn’t allow them to be turned into full permanent licenses, although that doesn’t stop Pfizer or AstraZeneca applying for a license for their vaccines in the future. A conditional marketing authorisation, as held by Moderna and Janssen for their Covid vaccines, is applied for by the company in question. It is also a form of temporary authorisation, but can be converted into a full, permanent marketing authorisation, or licence.   The MHRA has previously told Full Fact that temporary authorisation and conditional marketing authorisations are “regulatory tools that enable medicines to be approved at the earliest time possible during an emergency situation, as soon as there are robust data to show that the benefits outweigh the risks” and added that no vaccine would be authorised in this way “unless the expected high standards are met”.","https://twitter.com/BluesManV2/status/1398551917840711685,https://www.facebook.com/ANHInternational/photos/a.867511463290190/5491771804197443,https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/the-yellow-card-scheme/,https://www.google.com/search?q=MHRA+Coronavirus+(Covid-19)+vaccine+injury+report+scheme&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNgsWEsfvwAhWzDWMBHd72DaYQ_AUoAnoECAEQBA&biw=1536&bih=722#imgrc=A5obLUBDLxp27M,https://coronavirus-yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/,https://coronavirus-yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/campaignpage,https://downloads.ctfassets.net/58vt0wp5xpi9/1cq6VCa1c0MwC7uXmAtF2N/b6a4b3853a9362b475017cf225628ed6/A4_Poster_EveryReportCounts-1-.pdf,https://images.ctfassets.net/58vt0wp5xpi9/7p797fj8tVdb7aXCHbhjGw/2d85aecf0c19caa879531effb26583fd/Email_Signature_Version-1_ERC-1-.png,https://coronavirus-yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/campaignpage,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32661-1/fulltext,https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2034577,https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2035389,https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2101544,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04516746?term=NCT04516746&draw=2&rank=1,https://twitter.com/BluesManV2/status/1398551917840711685,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#analysis-of-data,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-uk-recipients-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-uk-recipients-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1916/regulation/174/made,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/summary-of-the-public-assessment-report-for-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1916/made/data.pdf#page=35,https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/access-to-treatment/how-are-drugs-licensed-in-the-uk,https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/access-to-treatment/how-are-drugs-licensed-in-the-uk,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1916/regulation/174/made,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Poster about Yellow Card scheme is not real,,,,,, -43,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-04,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,The Covid-19 vaccine contains a nanobot transmitter which can connect you to the “internet of things”.,2021-06-04,fullfact,,"A video posted on Facebook, filmed at Twickenham Stadium where many people queued to receive a Covid-19 vaccination on the May Bank Holiday, includes a number of false claims.   During the video a recording of someone who identifies herself as Kate Shemirani can be heard making various false and harmful claims about the vaccines, some of which we’ve looked into. Not only have we repeatedly debunked claims that Covid-19 vaccines are “devices”, but all four vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen) are authorised as vaccines by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). It’s not clear what is meant by an “immune response” which would lead to your body attacking itself. There is no evidence that the currently approved Covid-19 vaccines cause autoimmune diseases or other autoimmune responses.  We have previously debunked claims that the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine causes infertility in women (Professor Jonathan Stoye, Virologist at the Francis Crick Institute, told Full Fact the possibility of a risk is “vanishingly small”) and they risk causing infertility in young men (evidence shows the vaccine may help protect male fertility). Many other news outlets, fact checkers and health businesses have also dispelled claims that Covid-19 vaccines cause infertility. Covid-19 vaccines do not contain micro-transmitters of any kind. While the Pfizer and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines do use nanoparticles, this is just a generic term for very small particles that can be found in nature or can be man-made. These however are not “nanobots”. They don’t send data and cannot connect to WiFi. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver medicines into the body since the 1990s. In another section of the video, one of the protestors says over the microphone: This is wrong for several reasons. Firstly, the British Red Cross is not responsible for managing blood donations in England, it’s NHS Blood and Transplant. Secondly, you can give blood after having a vaccine. However, in England, you have to wait seven days from your vaccination or, if you experience side effects, 28 days after recovery from those side effects. NHS Blood and Transplant says it is a precautionary measure and that leaving a gap prevents side effects from being confused with other illnesses, making blood donation safer.  The claim may be based on a falsehood recently repeated by The Stone Roses’ lead singer Ian Brown, that the Japanese Red Cross doesn’t accept blood donations after a vaccine. This is also incorrect. The Japanese Red Cross only asks those who have been vaccinated to wait for 48 hours after being vaccinated to give blood.","https://www.facebook.com/fiona.hine.7/videos/vb.504850440/10165495628185441/?type=2&theater,https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/twickenham-queues-covid-vaccine-b938120.html,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/28/fact-check-covid-19-vaccine-not-cause-autoimmune-disease/4719138001/,https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/is-it-true/is-it-true-do-covid-19-vaccines-cause-autoimmune-diseases#:~:text=cause%20autoimmune%20diseases%3F-,Autoimmune%20diseases%2C%20such%20as%20arthritis%20and%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%20are%20chronic,vaccines%20can%20cause%20autoimmune%20diseases.,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:9889529642,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/vaccines-are-safe-and-arent-associated-with-autoimmune-disease-contrary-to-claim-in-viral-video-by-chiropractor-steven-baker/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-covid-fertility/,https://fullfact.org/health/there-isnt-pork-in-covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2021/05/12/no-evidence-that-covid-19-coronavirus-vaccines-damage-placenta-or-cause-infertility-says-study/?sh=47e307794e8d,https://www.wxyz.com/news/coronavirus/covid-19-vaccine/fact-check-no-the-covid-19-vaccine-doesnt-cause-infertility,https://www.bupa.co.uk/newsroom/ourviews/covid-affect-fertility,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-vaccine-nanoparticles/,https://www.britannica.com/science/nanoparticle,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://factcheckni.org/articles/is-the-red-cross-refusing-blood-donations-from-anyone-who-has-received-a-covid-19-vaccination/,https://www.nhsbt.nhs.uk/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/#:~:text=Can%20I%20give%20blood%20if,need%20to%20wait%207%20days,https://fullfact.org/online/ian-brown-wrong-to-claim-japan-refuses-blood-from-anyone-whos-been-vaccinated/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Hecklers at Twickenham Stadium vaccine drive spout false claims,,,,,, -44,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-04,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,The Covid-19 vaccine contains a nanobot transmitter which can connect you to the “internet of things”.,2021-06-04,fullfact,,"A video posted on Facebook, filmed at Twickenham Stadium where many people queued to receive a Covid-19 vaccination on the May Bank Holiday, includes a number of false claims.   During the video a recording of someone who identifies herself as Kate Shemirani can be heard making various false and harmful claims about the vaccines, some of which we’ve looked into. Not only have we repeatedly debunked claims that Covid-19 vaccines are “devices”, but all four vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen) are authorised as vaccines by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). It’s not clear what is meant by an “immune response” which would lead to your body attacking itself. There is no evidence that the currently approved Covid-19 vaccines cause autoimmune diseases or other autoimmune responses.  We have previously debunked claims that the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine causes infertility in women (Professor Jonathan Stoye, Virologist at the Francis Crick Institute, told Full Fact the possibility of a risk is “vanishingly small”) and they risk causing infertility in young men (evidence shows the vaccine may help protect male fertility). Many other news outlets, fact checkers and health businesses have also dispelled claims that Covid-19 vaccines cause infertility. Covid-19 vaccines do not contain micro-transmitters of any kind. While the Pfizer and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines do use nanoparticles, this is just a generic term for very small particles that can be found in nature or can be man-made. These however are not “nanobots”. They don’t send data and cannot connect to WiFi. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver medicines into the body since the 1990s. In another section of the video, one of the protestors says over the microphone: This is wrong for several reasons. Firstly, the British Red Cross is not responsible for managing blood donations in England, it’s NHS Blood and Transplant. Secondly, you can give blood after having a vaccine. However, in England, you have to wait seven days from your vaccination or, if you experience side effects, 28 days after recovery from those side effects. NHS Blood and Transplant says it is a precautionary measure and that leaving a gap prevents side effects from being confused with other illnesses, making blood donation safer.  The claim may be based on a falsehood recently repeated by The Stone Roses’ lead singer Ian Brown, that the Japanese Red Cross doesn’t accept blood donations after a vaccine. This is also incorrect. The Japanese Red Cross only asks those who have been vaccinated to wait for 48 hours after being vaccinated to give blood.","https://www.facebook.com/fiona.hine.7/videos/vb.504850440/10165495628185441/?type=2&theater,https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/twickenham-queues-covid-vaccine-b938120.html,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/28/fact-check-covid-19-vaccine-not-cause-autoimmune-disease/4719138001/,https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/is-it-true/is-it-true-do-covid-19-vaccines-cause-autoimmune-diseases#:~:text=cause%20autoimmune%20diseases%3F-,Autoimmune%20diseases%2C%20such%20as%20arthritis%20and%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%20are%20chronic,vaccines%20can%20cause%20autoimmune%20diseases.,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:9889529642,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/vaccines-are-safe-and-arent-associated-with-autoimmune-disease-contrary-to-claim-in-viral-video-by-chiropractor-steven-baker/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-covid-fertility/,https://fullfact.org/health/there-isnt-pork-in-covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2021/05/12/no-evidence-that-covid-19-coronavirus-vaccines-damage-placenta-or-cause-infertility-says-study/?sh=47e307794e8d,https://www.wxyz.com/news/coronavirus/covid-19-vaccine/fact-check-no-the-covid-19-vaccine-doesnt-cause-infertility,https://www.bupa.co.uk/newsroom/ourviews/covid-affect-fertility,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-vaccine-nanoparticles/,https://www.britannica.com/science/nanoparticle,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://factcheckni.org/articles/is-the-red-cross-refusing-blood-donations-from-anyone-who-has-received-a-covid-19-vaccination/,https://www.nhsbt.nhs.uk/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/#:~:text=Can%20I%20give%20blood%20if,need%20to%20wait%207%20days,https://fullfact.org/online/ian-brown-wrong-to-claim-japan-refuses-blood-from-anyone-whos-been-vaccinated/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Hecklers at Twickenham Stadium vaccine drive spout false claims,,,,,, -45,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-04,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,The Covid-19 vaccine contains a nanobot transmitter which can connect you to the “internet of things”.,2021-06-04,fullfact,,"A video posted on Facebook, filmed at Twickenham Stadium where many people queued to receive a Covid-19 vaccination on the May Bank Holiday, includes a number of false claims.   During the video a recording of someone who identifies herself as Kate Shemirani can be heard making various false and harmful claims about the vaccines, some of which we’ve looked into. Not only have we repeatedly debunked claims that Covid-19 vaccines are “devices”, but all four vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen) are authorised as vaccines by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). It’s not clear what is meant by an “immune response” which would lead to your body attacking itself. There is no evidence that the currently approved Covid-19 vaccines cause autoimmune diseases or other autoimmune responses.  We have previously debunked claims that the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine causes infertility in women (Professor Jonathan Stoye, Virologist at the Francis Crick Institute, told Full Fact the possibility of a risk is “vanishingly small”) and they risk causing infertility in young men (evidence shows the vaccine may help protect male fertility). Many other news outlets, fact checkers and health businesses have also dispelled claims that Covid-19 vaccines cause infertility. Covid-19 vaccines do not contain micro-transmitters of any kind. While the Pfizer and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines do use nanoparticles, this is just a generic term for very small particles that can be found in nature or can be man-made. These however are not “nanobots”. They don’t send data and cannot connect to WiFi. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver medicines into the body since the 1990s. In another section of the video, one of the protestors says over the microphone: This is wrong for several reasons. Firstly, the British Red Cross is not responsible for managing blood donations in England, it’s NHS Blood and Transplant. Secondly, you can give blood after having a vaccine. However, in England, you have to wait seven days from your vaccination or, if you experience side effects, 28 days after recovery from those side effects. NHS Blood and Transplant says it is a precautionary measure and that leaving a gap prevents side effects from being confused with other illnesses, making blood donation safer.  The claim may be based on a falsehood recently repeated by The Stone Roses’ lead singer Ian Brown, that the Japanese Red Cross doesn’t accept blood donations after a vaccine. This is also incorrect. The Japanese Red Cross only asks those who have been vaccinated to wait for 48 hours after being vaccinated to give blood.","https://www.facebook.com/fiona.hine.7/videos/vb.504850440/10165495628185441/?type=2&theater,https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/twickenham-queues-covid-vaccine-b938120.html,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/28/fact-check-covid-19-vaccine-not-cause-autoimmune-disease/4719138001/,https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/is-it-true/is-it-true-do-covid-19-vaccines-cause-autoimmune-diseases#:~:text=cause%20autoimmune%20diseases%3F-,Autoimmune%20diseases%2C%20such%20as%20arthritis%20and%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%20are%20chronic,vaccines%20can%20cause%20autoimmune%20diseases.,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:9889529642,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/vaccines-are-safe-and-arent-associated-with-autoimmune-disease-contrary-to-claim-in-viral-video-by-chiropractor-steven-baker/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-covid-fertility/,https://fullfact.org/health/there-isnt-pork-in-covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2021/05/12/no-evidence-that-covid-19-coronavirus-vaccines-damage-placenta-or-cause-infertility-says-study/?sh=47e307794e8d,https://www.wxyz.com/news/coronavirus/covid-19-vaccine/fact-check-no-the-covid-19-vaccine-doesnt-cause-infertility,https://www.bupa.co.uk/newsroom/ourviews/covid-affect-fertility,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-vaccine-nanoparticles/,https://www.britannica.com/science/nanoparticle,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://factcheckni.org/articles/is-the-red-cross-refusing-blood-donations-from-anyone-who-has-received-a-covid-19-vaccination/,https://www.nhsbt.nhs.uk/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/#:~:text=Can%20I%20give%20blood%20if,need%20to%20wait%207%20days,https://fullfact.org/online/ian-brown-wrong-to-claim-japan-refuses-blood-from-anyone-whos-been-vaccinated/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Hecklers at Twickenham Stadium vaccine drive spout false claims,,,,,, -46,,,,Other,Tom Norton,2021-06-04,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/Twickenham-Covid-19-vaccine-claims-false/,The Covid-19 vaccine contains a nanobot transmitter which can connect you to the “internet of things”.,2021-06-04,fullfact,,"A video posted on Facebook, filmed at Twickenham Stadium where many people queued to receive a Covid-19 vaccination on the May Bank Holiday, includes a number of false claims.   During the video a recording of someone who identifies herself as Kate Shemirani can be heard making various false and harmful claims about the vaccines, some of which we’ve looked into. Not only have we repeatedly debunked claims that Covid-19 vaccines are “devices”, but all four vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen) are authorised as vaccines by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). It’s not clear what is meant by an “immune response” which would lead to your body attacking itself. There is no evidence that the currently approved Covid-19 vaccines cause autoimmune diseases or other autoimmune responses.  We have previously debunked claims that the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine causes infertility in women (Professor Jonathan Stoye, Virologist at the Francis Crick Institute, told Full Fact the possibility of a risk is “vanishingly small”) and they risk causing infertility in young men (evidence shows the vaccine may help protect male fertility). Many other news outlets, fact checkers and health businesses have also dispelled claims that Covid-19 vaccines cause infertility. Covid-19 vaccines do not contain micro-transmitters of any kind. While the Pfizer and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines do use nanoparticles, this is just a generic term for very small particles that can be found in nature or can be man-made. These however are not “nanobots”. They don’t send data and cannot connect to WiFi. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver medicines into the body since the 1990s. In another section of the video, one of the protestors says over the microphone: This is wrong for several reasons. Firstly, the British Red Cross is not responsible for managing blood donations in England, it’s NHS Blood and Transplant. Secondly, you can give blood after having a vaccine. However, in England, you have to wait seven days from your vaccination or, if you experience side effects, 28 days after recovery from those side effects. NHS Blood and Transplant says it is a precautionary measure and that leaving a gap prevents side effects from being confused with other illnesses, making blood donation safer.  The claim may be based on a falsehood recently repeated by The Stone Roses’ lead singer Ian Brown, that the Japanese Red Cross doesn’t accept blood donations after a vaccine. This is also incorrect. The Japanese Red Cross only asks those who have been vaccinated to wait for 48 hours after being vaccinated to give blood.","https://www.facebook.com/fiona.hine.7/videos/vb.504850440/10165495628185441/?type=2&theater,https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/twickenham-queues-covid-vaccine-b938120.html,https://fullfact.org/online/viral-video-covid-vaccine/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-janssen,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-vaccines/,https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/28/fact-check-covid-19-vaccine-not-cause-autoimmune-disease/4719138001/,https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/is-it-true/is-it-true-do-covid-19-vaccines-cause-autoimmune-diseases#:~:text=cause%20autoimmune%20diseases%3F-,Autoimmune%20diseases%2C%20such%20as%20arthritis%20and%20multiple%20sclerosis%2C%20are%20chronic,vaccines%20can%20cause%20autoimmune%20diseases.,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:9889529642,https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/vaccines-are-safe-and-arent-associated-with-autoimmune-disease-contrary-to-claim-in-viral-video-by-chiropractor-steven-baker/,https://fullfact.org/health/vaccine-covid-fertility/,https://fullfact.org/health/there-isnt-pork-in-covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2021/05/12/no-evidence-that-covid-19-coronavirus-vaccines-damage-placenta-or-cause-infertility-says-study/?sh=47e307794e8d,https://www.wxyz.com/news/coronavirus/covid-19-vaccine/fact-check-no-the-covid-19-vaccine-doesnt-cause-infertility,https://www.bupa.co.uk/newsroom/ourviews/covid-affect-fertility,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://fullfact.org/online/vaccine-magnet-bluetooth/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-vaccine-nanoparticles/,https://www.britannica.com/science/nanoparticle,https://fullfact.org/online/david-icke-vaccines-artificial-intelligence/,https://factcheckni.org/articles/is-the-red-cross-refusing-blood-donations-from-anyone-who-has-received-a-covid-19-vaccination/,https://www.nhsbt.nhs.uk/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/,https://www.blood.co.uk/news-and-campaigns/news-and-statements/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/#:~:text=Can%20I%20give%20blood%20if,need%20to%20wait%207%20days,https://fullfact.org/online/ian-brown-wrong-to-claim-japan-refuses-blood-from-anyone-whos-been-vaccinated/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Hecklers at Twickenham Stadium vaccine drive spout false claims,,,,,, -47,,,,False,Abbas Panjwani,2021-06-03,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/education/literacy-numeracy-uk-telegraph/,The UK has the lowest literacy rates in its history,2021-06-03,fullfact,,"A column in the Daily Telegraph makes a number of eye-catching claims about the state of education in the UK, but not all of them are right.  In the piece, journalist Celia Walden argues that schemes to help pupils catch up on their learning after the pandemic should focus on the core education of literacy and numeracy. She writes: “Do we really need reminding that […] we have the lowest literacy rates in our history.” This isn’t true. We’ve asked the Telegraph what Ms Walden was referring to but it has not responded. Our World in Data, a statistical publication from the University of Oxford, has collated figures going back to 1475, showing literacy in the late 15th century was around 5% - meaning only 5% of the population could read and write.  It is currently around 99%, although a significant number have low levels of literacy. Assuming that Ms Walden was referring to the more recent past, it also appears as if this has improved slightly over the past few decades, based on the little consistent data available.  The average adult literacy scores improved between 1996 and 2012. And England’s score in international tests among children shows reading aptitude has remained similar or even increased since 2006.   The Telegraph article goes on to claim: “Our child literacy and numeracy rates consistently languish either at or near the bottom of every international table.”  We have asked the Telegraph for the source of this claim. It possibly refers to a 2012 analysis by the OECD which found that England had the highest proportion of teenagers aged 16-19 with low levels of literacy and numeracy among 23 countries and territories. However, it would be wrong to say that the UK’s child literacy and numeracy rates are at or near the bottom of every international table. More recent data, albeit covering children of different ages, paints a more positive picture.  In 2016, the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) tested 10-year-olds across 50 countries and territories. Northern Ireland placed seventh and England placed joint-eighth, while Scotland and Wales did not participate. In 2018, the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) tested 15-year-olds across around 80 countries and territories and the UK was above average for both reading and mathematics. And in 2019, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) tested pupils in year 5 and year 9 with much the same outcome. Students from the UK (specifically England and Northern Ireland, as Scotland and Wales didn’t participate), outperformed the average. These studies all measure, in their own ways, average aptitude in maths and reading, rather than the proportion of children who meet a definition of “illiterate” or “innumerate”.","https://www.telegraph.co.uk/columnists/2021/05/24/now-not-time-back-creative-syllabus-children-need-get-back/,https://ourworldindata.org/literacy,https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org//sites/605ec8b3-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/605ec8b3-en#fig-2.6,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/246534/bis-13-1221-international-survey-of-adult-skills-2012.pdf#page=145,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/904420/PISA_2018_England_national_report_accessible.pdf#page=29,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664562/PIRLS_2016_National_Report_for_England-_BRANDED.pdf#page=31,https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/which-countries-have-the-best-literacy-and-numeracy-rates?utm_content=buffer34a53&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer,https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/english-teenagers-are-the-most-illiterate-in-the-developed-world-report-reveals-a6841166.html,https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pirls/pirls2016/tables/pirls2016_table01.asp,https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pirls/pirls2016/tables/pirls2016_table01.asp,https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pirls/pirls2016/tables/pirls2016_table01.asp,https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/PISA2018_CN_GBR.pdf,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/941351/TIMSS_2019_National_Report.pdf#page=8,https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/education/timss-2019-in-northern-ireland-main-report.pdf#page=8,https://fullfact.org/education/evening-standard-missing-school-children-covid/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/education/maria-miller-nine-ten-girls-ofsted/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/education/ofsted-sexual-abuse-schools/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/education/school-pupils-return-classroom-covid/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/education/pupil-funding-conservatives/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",Telegraph columnist wrongly claims literacy at the lowest level in UK history,,,,,, -48,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-06-01,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/this-morning-vaccines/,The survival rate from Covid-19 is 99.8%.,2021-06-01,fullfact,,"A heated exchange between presenter Dermot O’Leary and guest Beverley Turner on This Morning, about whether the Covid-19 vaccines stop you from catching and passing on the disease has gone viral on social media.  Ms Turner claimed: “[The vaccine] does not stop you contracting or passing on the virus.” Multiple, reliable forms of evidence show that vaccines greatly reduce a person’s chance of contracting or passing on a virus. Ms Turner has asked us to clarify that she meant that the vaccines don’t always stop the transmission of the disease, which is correct as set out below. The NHS website says that the vaccines reduce your risk of catching, spreading, getting symptoms, getting ill, and dying from Covid, and she has asked us to clarify that her remarks about transmission were intended to reflect that. Studies have found that people given one dose of the Pfizer vaccine have a 70% reduced risk of becoming infected, both with and without symptoms, rising to 85% after the second dose. This data comes from testing healthcare workers who were tested for Covid every two weeks, regardless of whether they had symptoms. Data in adults over 70 shows that both the Pfizer and the AstraZeneca vaccines are between 60-70% effective against symptomatic disease around a month after the first dose, and 85-90% after the second dose of Pfizer (this particular study didn’t look at the effect after two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine). As to Ms Turner’s claim on vaccines not stopping people passing on the virus, the evidence suggests that one dose of either the AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines significantly reduces your chances of passing on the virus to members of your household, if you do catch it. Initial research, covering over a million contacts in the UK, has found that people who became infected three weeks after their first vaccination were between 38% and 49% less likely to pass the virus onto household contacts. This protection appeared from around two weeks after the vaccination, and was regardless of age. This may be what Ms Turner was referring to when she then went on to say there was “a little bit of evidence to suggest that it might minimise transmission, but that’s because it ameliorates your symptoms and if it ameliorates your symptoms then you are less likely to pass it on.” She also made a number of other claims about the Covid survival rate and whether the vaccine is in trials that we have written about before. Ms Turner described the Covid-19 vaccine as a “trial drug”. While it’s not quite clear what this means, we have checked similar claims before. These claims have been based on the fact that some of the Covid-19 vaccine trials have completion dates set in the future. As we’ve explained before, data on key safety and efficacy outcomes has already been published in peer-reviewed journals, but data on long term protection and safety will continue to be collected over the coming years.  The three coronavirus vaccines currently approved and being rolled out in the UK have been through all the normal stages of vaccine testing, including animal and human studies. The survival rate is almost certainly lower than this in the UK, as we’ve written before.  We’ve covered elsewhere how  estimates for Europe (countries with similar age profiles and healthcare quality as the UK) put the fatality rate at somewhere between 0.5% and 1%, meaning the “survival rate” could be somewhere between 99% and 99.5%, but not as high as 99.8%. Covid-19 is more dangerous in older populations, which is part of the reason survival rates vary between countries. As of 14 May there have been about 153,000 deaths registered with Covid-19 recorded as a cause on the death certificate. That’s about 0.23% of the entire UK population. If the survival rate really was 99.8%, and 0.23% had died, that implies that the entire population of the UK has been infected. As we’ve written before, this is almost certainly not the case. The figures don’t show high enough rates of infection for this to be the case. It’s true that the average age of death involving Covid-19 is 82. That was the average age of people whose deaths were registered in England and Wales between October 2020 and January 2021 which involved Covid-19. It’s been estimated that people who die of Covid lose, on average, around ten years of life.","https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=387100835942532,https://www.facebook.com/demikate.ivemadeitthisfar/videos/120301673544611/,https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3790399,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-real-world-uk-data-shows-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-provides-high-levels-of-protection-from-the-first-dose,https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.21252652v1,https://healthmedia.blog.gov.uk/2021/03/12/covid19vaccines-faqs/,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/one-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-can-cut-household-transmission-by-up-to-half,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.modernatx.com/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/covid-19-vaccine-azd1222-showed-robust-immune-responses-in-all-participants-in-phase-i-ii-trial.html,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/astrazeneca-us-vaccine-trial-met-primary-endpoint.html,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-share-positive-early-data-lead-mrna,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-confirm-high-efficacy-and-no-serious,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-interim-phase-1-data-its-mrna-vaccine,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-data-preclinical-studies-mrna,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-ifr-more-01/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/datasets/coronaviruscovid19infectionsurveydata,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",This Morning guest makes misleading claims on vaccine efficacy,,,,,, -49,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-06-01,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/this-morning-vaccines/,The survival rate from Covid-19 is 99.8%.,2021-06-01,fullfact,,"A heated exchange between presenter Dermot O’Leary and guest Beverley Turner on This Morning, about whether the Covid-19 vaccines stop you from catching and passing on the disease has gone viral on social media.  Ms Turner claimed: “[The vaccine] does not stop you contracting or passing on the virus.” Multiple, reliable forms of evidence show that vaccines greatly reduce a person’s chance of contracting or passing on a virus. Ms Turner has asked us to clarify that she meant that the vaccines don’t always stop the transmission of the disease, which is correct as set out below. The NHS website says that the vaccines reduce your risk of catching, spreading, getting symptoms, getting ill, and dying from Covid, and she has asked us to clarify that her remarks about transmission were intended to reflect that. Studies have found that people given one dose of the Pfizer vaccine have a 70% reduced risk of becoming infected, both with and without symptoms, rising to 85% after the second dose. This data comes from testing healthcare workers who were tested for Covid every two weeks, regardless of whether they had symptoms. Data in adults over 70 shows that both the Pfizer and the AstraZeneca vaccines are between 60-70% effective against symptomatic disease around a month after the first dose, and 85-90% after the second dose of Pfizer (this particular study didn’t look at the effect after two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine). As to Ms Turner’s claim on vaccines not stopping people passing on the virus, the evidence suggests that one dose of either the AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines significantly reduces your chances of passing on the virus to members of your household, if you do catch it. Initial research, covering over a million contacts in the UK, has found that people who became infected three weeks after their first vaccination were between 38% and 49% less likely to pass the virus onto household contacts. This protection appeared from around two weeks after the vaccination, and was regardless of age. This may be what Ms Turner was referring to when she then went on to say there was “a little bit of evidence to suggest that it might minimise transmission, but that’s because it ameliorates your symptoms and if it ameliorates your symptoms then you are less likely to pass it on.” She also made a number of other claims about the Covid survival rate and whether the vaccine is in trials that we have written about before. Ms Turner described the Covid-19 vaccine as a “trial drug”. While it’s not quite clear what this means, we have checked similar claims before. These claims have been based on the fact that some of the Covid-19 vaccine trials have completion dates set in the future. As we’ve explained before, data on key safety and efficacy outcomes has already been published in peer-reviewed journals, but data on long term protection and safety will continue to be collected over the coming years.  The three coronavirus vaccines currently approved and being rolled out in the UK have been through all the normal stages of vaccine testing, including animal and human studies. The survival rate is almost certainly lower than this in the UK, as we’ve written before.  We’ve covered elsewhere how  estimates for Europe (countries with similar age profiles and healthcare quality as the UK) put the fatality rate at somewhere between 0.5% and 1%, meaning the “survival rate” could be somewhere between 99% and 99.5%, but not as high as 99.8%. Covid-19 is more dangerous in older populations, which is part of the reason survival rates vary between countries. As of 14 May there have been about 153,000 deaths registered with Covid-19 recorded as a cause on the death certificate. That’s about 0.23% of the entire UK population. If the survival rate really was 99.8%, and 0.23% had died, that implies that the entire population of the UK has been infected. As we’ve written before, this is almost certainly not the case. The figures don’t show high enough rates of infection for this to be the case. It’s true that the average age of death involving Covid-19 is 82. That was the average age of people whose deaths were registered in England and Wales between October 2020 and January 2021 which involved Covid-19. It’s been estimated that people who die of Covid lose, on average, around ten years of life.","https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=387100835942532,https://www.facebook.com/demikate.ivemadeitthisfar/videos/120301673544611/,https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3790399,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-real-world-uk-data-shows-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-provides-high-levels-of-protection-from-the-first-dose,https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.21252652v1,https://healthmedia.blog.gov.uk/2021/03/12/covid19vaccines-faqs/,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/one-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-can-cut-household-transmission-by-up-to-half,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.modernatx.com/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/covid-19-vaccine-azd1222-showed-robust-immune-responses-in-all-participants-in-phase-i-ii-trial.html,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/astrazeneca-us-vaccine-trial-met-primary-endpoint.html,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-share-positive-early-data-lead-mrna,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-confirm-high-efficacy-and-no-serious,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-interim-phase-1-data-its-mrna-vaccine,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-data-preclinical-studies-mrna,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-ifr-more-01/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/datasets/coronaviruscovid19infectionsurveydata,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",This Morning guest makes misleading claims on vaccine efficacy,,,,,, -50,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-06-01,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/this-morning-vaccines/,The survival rate from Covid-19 is 99.8%.,2021-06-01,fullfact,,"A heated exchange between presenter Dermot O’Leary and guest Beverley Turner on This Morning, about whether the Covid-19 vaccines stop you from catching and passing on the disease has gone viral on social media.  Ms Turner claimed: “[The vaccine] does not stop you contracting or passing on the virus.” Multiple, reliable forms of evidence show that vaccines greatly reduce a person’s chance of contracting or passing on a virus. Ms Turner has asked us to clarify that she meant that the vaccines don’t always stop the transmission of the disease, which is correct as set out below. The NHS website says that the vaccines reduce your risk of catching, spreading, getting symptoms, getting ill, and dying from Covid, and she has asked us to clarify that her remarks about transmission were intended to reflect that. Studies have found that people given one dose of the Pfizer vaccine have a 70% reduced risk of becoming infected, both with and without symptoms, rising to 85% after the second dose. This data comes from testing healthcare workers who were tested for Covid every two weeks, regardless of whether they had symptoms. Data in adults over 70 shows that both the Pfizer and the AstraZeneca vaccines are between 60-70% effective against symptomatic disease around a month after the first dose, and 85-90% after the second dose of Pfizer (this particular study didn’t look at the effect after two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine). As to Ms Turner’s claim on vaccines not stopping people passing on the virus, the evidence suggests that one dose of either the AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines significantly reduces your chances of passing on the virus to members of your household, if you do catch it. Initial research, covering over a million contacts in the UK, has found that people who became infected three weeks after their first vaccination were between 38% and 49% less likely to pass the virus onto household contacts. This protection appeared from around two weeks after the vaccination, and was regardless of age. This may be what Ms Turner was referring to when she then went on to say there was “a little bit of evidence to suggest that it might minimise transmission, but that’s because it ameliorates your symptoms and if it ameliorates your symptoms then you are less likely to pass it on.” She also made a number of other claims about the Covid survival rate and whether the vaccine is in trials that we have written about before. Ms Turner described the Covid-19 vaccine as a “trial drug”. While it’s not quite clear what this means, we have checked similar claims before. These claims have been based on the fact that some of the Covid-19 vaccine trials have completion dates set in the future. As we’ve explained before, data on key safety and efficacy outcomes has already been published in peer-reviewed journals, but data on long term protection and safety will continue to be collected over the coming years.  The three coronavirus vaccines currently approved and being rolled out in the UK have been through all the normal stages of vaccine testing, including animal and human studies. The survival rate is almost certainly lower than this in the UK, as we’ve written before.  We’ve covered elsewhere how  estimates for Europe (countries with similar age profiles and healthcare quality as the UK) put the fatality rate at somewhere between 0.5% and 1%, meaning the “survival rate” could be somewhere between 99% and 99.5%, but not as high as 99.8%. Covid-19 is more dangerous in older populations, which is part of the reason survival rates vary between countries. As of 14 May there have been about 153,000 deaths registered with Covid-19 recorded as a cause on the death certificate. That’s about 0.23% of the entire UK population. If the survival rate really was 99.8%, and 0.23% had died, that implies that the entire population of the UK has been infected. As we’ve written before, this is almost certainly not the case. The figures don’t show high enough rates of infection for this to be the case. It’s true that the average age of death involving Covid-19 is 82. That was the average age of people whose deaths were registered in England and Wales between October 2020 and January 2021 which involved Covid-19. It’s been estimated that people who die of Covid lose, on average, around ten years of life.","https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=387100835942532,https://www.facebook.com/demikate.ivemadeitthisfar/videos/120301673544611/,https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3790399,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-real-world-uk-data-shows-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-provides-high-levels-of-protection-from-the-first-dose,https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.21252652v1,https://healthmedia.blog.gov.uk/2021/03/12/covid19vaccines-faqs/,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/one-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-can-cut-household-transmission-by-up-to-half,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.modernatx.com/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/covid-19-vaccine-azd1222-showed-robust-immune-responses-in-all-participants-in-phase-i-ii-trial.html,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/astrazeneca-us-vaccine-trial-met-primary-endpoint.html,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-share-positive-early-data-lead-mrna,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-confirm-high-efficacy-and-no-serious,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-interim-phase-1-data-its-mrna-vaccine,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-data-preclinical-studies-mrna,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-ifr-more-01/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/datasets/coronaviruscovid19infectionsurveydata,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",This Morning guest makes misleading claims on vaccine efficacy,,,,,, -51,,,,Other,Grace Rahman,2021-06-01,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/this-morning-vaccines/,The survival rate from Covid-19 is 99.8%.,2021-06-01,fullfact,,"A heated exchange between presenter Dermot O’Leary and guest Beverley Turner on This Morning, about whether the Covid-19 vaccines stop you from catching and passing on the disease has gone viral on social media.  Ms Turner claimed: “[The vaccine] does not stop you contracting or passing on the virus.” Multiple, reliable forms of evidence show that vaccines greatly reduce a person’s chance of contracting or passing on a virus. Ms Turner has asked us to clarify that she meant that the vaccines don’t always stop the transmission of the disease, which is correct as set out below. The NHS website says that the vaccines reduce your risk of catching, spreading, getting symptoms, getting ill, and dying from Covid, and she has asked us to clarify that her remarks about transmission were intended to reflect that. Studies have found that people given one dose of the Pfizer vaccine have a 70% reduced risk of becoming infected, both with and without symptoms, rising to 85% after the second dose. This data comes from testing healthcare workers who were tested for Covid every two weeks, regardless of whether they had symptoms. Data in adults over 70 shows that both the Pfizer and the AstraZeneca vaccines are between 60-70% effective against symptomatic disease around a month after the first dose, and 85-90% after the second dose of Pfizer (this particular study didn’t look at the effect after two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine). As to Ms Turner’s claim on vaccines not stopping people passing on the virus, the evidence suggests that one dose of either the AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines significantly reduces your chances of passing on the virus to members of your household, if you do catch it. Initial research, covering over a million contacts in the UK, has found that people who became infected three weeks after their first vaccination were between 38% and 49% less likely to pass the virus onto household contacts. This protection appeared from around two weeks after the vaccination, and was regardless of age. This may be what Ms Turner was referring to when she then went on to say there was “a little bit of evidence to suggest that it might minimise transmission, but that’s because it ameliorates your symptoms and if it ameliorates your symptoms then you are less likely to pass it on.” She also made a number of other claims about the Covid survival rate and whether the vaccine is in trials that we have written about before. Ms Turner described the Covid-19 vaccine as a “trial drug”. While it’s not quite clear what this means, we have checked similar claims before. These claims have been based on the fact that some of the Covid-19 vaccine trials have completion dates set in the future. As we’ve explained before, data on key safety and efficacy outcomes has already been published in peer-reviewed journals, but data on long term protection and safety will continue to be collected over the coming years.  The three coronavirus vaccines currently approved and being rolled out in the UK have been through all the normal stages of vaccine testing, including animal and human studies. The survival rate is almost certainly lower than this in the UK, as we’ve written before.  We’ve covered elsewhere how  estimates for Europe (countries with similar age profiles and healthcare quality as the UK) put the fatality rate at somewhere between 0.5% and 1%, meaning the “survival rate” could be somewhere between 99% and 99.5%, but not as high as 99.8%. Covid-19 is more dangerous in older populations, which is part of the reason survival rates vary between countries. As of 14 May there have been about 153,000 deaths registered with Covid-19 recorded as a cause on the death certificate. That’s about 0.23% of the entire UK population. If the survival rate really was 99.8%, and 0.23% had died, that implies that the entire population of the UK has been infected. As we’ve written before, this is almost certainly not the case. The figures don’t show high enough rates of infection for this to be the case. It’s true that the average age of death involving Covid-19 is 82. That was the average age of people whose deaths were registered in England and Wales between October 2020 and January 2021 which involved Covid-19. It’s been estimated that people who die of Covid lose, on average, around ten years of life.","https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=387100835942532,https://www.facebook.com/demikate.ivemadeitthisfar/videos/120301673544611/,https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3790399,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-real-world-uk-data-shows-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-provides-high-levels-of-protection-from-the-first-dose,https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.21252652v1,https://healthmedia.blog.gov.uk/2021/03/12/covid19vaccines-faqs/,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/one-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine-can-cut-household-transmission-by-up-to-half,https://khub.net/documents/135939561/390853656/Impact+of+vaccination+on+household+transmission+of+SARS-COV-2+in+England.pdf/35bf4bb1-6ade-d3eb-a39e-9c9b25a8122a?t=1619601878136,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-19-vaccines/,https://www.modernatx.com/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2020/covid-19-vaccine-azd1222-showed-robust-immune-responses-in-all-participants-in-phase-i-ii-trial.html,https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/astrazeneca-us-vaccine-trial-met-primary-endpoint.html,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-share-positive-early-data-lead-mrna,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-confirm-high-efficacy-and-no-serious,https://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development,https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-interim-phase-1-data-its-mrna-vaccine,https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-data-preclinical-studies-mrna,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://fullfact.org/health/covid-ifr-more-01/,https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-survival-rate-less-998/,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/datasets/coronaviruscovid19infectionsurveydata,https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/adhocs/12773averageageofdeathmedianandmeanofpersonswhosedeathwasduetocovid19orinvolvedcovid19bysexdeathsregisteredinweekending9october2020toweekending1january2021englandandwales,https://fullfact.org/health/covid19-behind-the-death-toll/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",This Morning guest makes misleading claims on vaccine efficacy,,,,,, -52,,,,False,Abbas Panjwani,2021-05-28,,fullfact,,https://fullfact.org/online/luc-montagnier/,Luc Montagnier has said there is no chance for survival for people who receive a Covid-19 vaccine.,2021-05-28,fullfact,,"It’s been claimed that Luc Montagnier, a Nobel Laureate, has said there is no chance of survival for people who have received a Covid-19 vaccine. Posts sharing this text also claim that all vaccinated people will die within two years. Professor Montagnier, who led the team that first identified HIV, has expressed views against the Covid-19 vaccination process but there is no evidence he has said they will die within two years or that they have no chance of surviving. A clip sometimes posted alongside these sorts of claims is a two-minute long excerpt from a longer 11 minute interview with Professor Montagnier which has been translated from French into English. In the 11 minute French original, Professor Montagnier does not make the claims attributed to him. There is no evidence we could find which shows he has made these claims anywhere else.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=472286090654699&set=a.110160096867302&type=3,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPLaWr5t9xN/?utm_source=ig_embed,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPMP57lnq17/?utm_source=ig_embed,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPMSTHRDkla/?utm_source=ig_embed,https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/montagnier,https://www.facebook.com/veronica.major.3158/videos/431140964720333,https://www.facebook.com/VoieNature/videos/1215893138843019/,https://fullfact.org/online/covid-hospitalisations-vaccine-patrick-vallance/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/daily-cases-vaccine-coverage/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/the-light-vaccines/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/paris-protests-photograph/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content,https://fullfact.org/online/death-rate-statistics-Covid-19/?utm_source=content_page&utm_medium=related_content",No evidence Nobel Laureate said vaccinated people will die in two years,,,,,, - \ No newline at end of file +0,,,,True,Jordan Liles,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-parent-trap-october-11/,"Lisa Ann Walter, the actress who played Chessy the nanny in the 1998 film ""The Parent Trap,"" had identical twins on October 11, the same birthday as the film's fictional identical twins Annie and Hallie, played by Lindsay Lohan.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"On July 20, 2021, a new TikTok video revealed an interesting detail about a beloved 1990s movie. The video from Madison Murphy (@badbroad) said that October 11 has a special significance in the history of the 1998 Lindsay Lohan movie, “The Parent Trap.” “I don’t know who else to tell this to, so I just need you guys to listen up,” Murphy said. “All right, so we all know our Lord and Savior Chessy from ‘The Parent Trap.’ She’s played by a lady named Lisa Ann Walter. So, three years after ‘The Parent Trap’ came out, in 2001, she gave birth to twins. Not only that, but she gave birth to twins on October 11.” This led commenters to ask about the significance of the date. One person asked: “Am I the only one wondering what’s significant about October 11?” Another commenter answered: “The twin girls from the movie she’s referencing were born on October 11.” This was all true. According to the film’s script, Annie James and Hallie Parker, portrayed by actress Lindsay Lohan, were indeed born on October 11. The only thing unclear was if Walter’s twins were born in 2000 or 2001. Wikipedia, which can be edited by just about anyone, said 2001. However, the real year may have been 2000. We were able to confirm the October 11 date with a tweet from Walter’s verified Twitter account, where she said that the twins were born two years after the film’s 1998 release. In the past, Walter posted on Instagram in celebration of her twins’ birthdays. Their names are Simon and Spencer. Commenters responded to the October 11 revelation with “OMFG” and “Jesus, who knows that much about the f—ing ‘Parent Trap’ remake.” Someone responded to the latter comment, saying: “People who grew up with the movie, obviously.” “The Parent Trap” starred Dennis Quaid, the late Natasha Richardson, and Lindsay Lohan. The film’s plot was described as follows: In sum, it was true that October 11 had a special significance for both the fictional twins’ birthdays in “The Parent Trap” and Walter, who gave birth to twins in real life on the same month and day.","https://www.snopes.com/tag/tiktok-rumors/,https://www.awesomefilm.com/script/The-Parent-Trap.html,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Ann_Walter,https://twitter.com/LisaAnnWalter/status/891733278058622977,https://www.instagram.com/p/8uc8epB91f/",The Rumor About ‘The Parent Trap’ and October 11 Is True,Entertainment,,,,, +1,,,,True,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/beach-handball-uniforms-photo/,A photograph shared widely in July 2021 accurately and fairly represented the discrepancies in men's and women's beach handball uniform requirements.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"In the summer of 2021, Norway’s women’s beach handball team reignited a controversy over glaring gender discrepancies in the uniform requirements of various sports, including their own.  The rules of the sport require women to wear “bikini bottoms” with a “close fit” along with a “midriff design” top, while their male counterparts are permitted to wear sleeveless tank tops and shorts, as illustrated in the diagrams below, which are taken from the International Handball Federation’s official rules of beach handball: Rejecting those double standards, the Norwegian women refused to wear bikini bottoms during their European Championships game against Spain on July 18, and in response, the European Handball Federation fined them €150 ($177) each.  As part of a wave of outrage against the uniform requirements, and the punishment imposed, a popular post on the online forum Reddit purported to neatly and starkly illustrate the disparities involved in the male and female beach handball uniform regulations. Underneath a caption that read “Mens beach-handball teams uniform vs. the women’s uniform,” a photograph showed what appeared to be a men’s beach handball team, wearing tank tops and shorts, kneeling and standing next to their female counterparts, who are wearing bikini bottoms and “midriff” tops: That photograph was genuine, and showed Norway’s men’s and women’s beach handball teams, respectively, before their games against their Swedish counterparts, in June 2019. As such, we are issuing a rating of “True.” The picture was taken by the photographer Niclas Dovsjö on June 7, 2019, in Ulricehamn, Sweden. It was posted online and on Facebook by the Norwegian Handball Federation, and can be seen in its original context, below: Norway’s men lost their encounter with Sweden, while their female compatriots won. At the time, the picture prompted an outraged response in Norway, illustrating as it did the glaring discrepancy in uniform requirements between male and female athletes.  In response to expressions of criticism at the rules, and the treatment of the Norwegian women’s team, European Handball Federation [EHF] President Michael Wiederer insisted that “the EHF will do all it can to ensure that a change of athlete uniform regulations can be implemented,” but said such a rules change “could not happen overnight.”","https://web.archive.org/web/20210721063358/https://www.ihf.info/sites/default/files/2019-05/0_09%20-%20Rules%20of%20the%20Game%20%28Beach%20Handball%29_GB.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/IHF_Uniforms.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721203614/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/sports/norway-beach-handball-team.html,https://archive.is/YuGw3,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-17.01.29.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721203731/https://www.handball.no/nyheter/2019/06/en-seier-og-et-tap-i-sverige/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-17.09.15.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721211124/https://www.aftenposten.no/sport/i/6jVA0e/dette-bildet-skaper-reaksjoner-jeg-gremmes,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721211820/https://beacheuro.eurohandball.com/news/en/wiederer-ehf-will-do-its-utmost-to-influence-beach-handball-uniform-change/","Pic Shows Difference Between Men’s, Women’s Beach Handball Uniforms?",Sports,,,,, +2,,,,Mostly True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mosquitoes-blood-type-attraction/,"Evidence suggests that among other individual factors, mosquitos may be more attracted to people with Type O blood.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"As the hot 2021 summer months brought increased mosquito activity across much of the U.S., Snopes readers wanted to know if the buzzing pests were attracted to one type of blood over another. A deeper look through the scientific literature revealed that among other factors — like hormone levels or scents — there is evidence to suggest that mosquitoes may be more attracted to people with Type O blood — or at least these individuals were more likely to be bit.  To understand why these individuals are more likely to be pestered by the biting bugs, we must first understand what a blood type is.   A person’s blood type is inherited and determined by the presence or absence of substances known as antigens, which can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body, according to the Red Cross. The four major blood groups — A, B, AB and O —are determined by the presence or absence of two such antigens, A and B, that are found on the surface of red blood cells. But there is also a protein known as the Rh factor which is present (+) or absent (-) to make up the eight most common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+ and AB-.  Type O positive is the most common with more than one-third of Americans with this type. Type O negative, on the other hand, is known as the “universal” blood type and is the most common blood type used for transfusions when a patient’s blood type is unknown. (To find out your blood type, a sample of your blood must be sampled or taken by a medical professional.)  The American Mosquito Control Association notes that there are more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes, and though host preference may vary depending on region and species, several studies have supported the claim that mosquitoes might be more attracted to those with Type O blood over others.  One such species, Aedes aegypti, is the major vector of Dengue in Sri Lanka. In 2019, scientists at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Sri Lanka set out to determine how certain blood types may influence a mosquito’s ability to rear offspring. Laboratory-reared female mosquitoes were exposed to all four blood groups at once in separate feeders. After feeding, the DNA of blood in mosquitoes was extracted and identified and the mean number of eggs per individual was determined. The researchers found that the highest preference was observed for the blood group O. However, no one blood type was found to influence a mosquito’s egg production over another, begging the question: Why might mosquitoes prefer one type of blood over another? (More on that later.)  A small-scale study conducted in 2004 also found that of 64 test subjects, those with blood Type O were significantly likely to have a mosquito land on them than on other blood groups A, B and AB. A 2009 study published in Virology Journal found that individuals with O+ blood type were more susceptible than other group types to get chikungunya, a virus spread to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. The findings suggested that some people may have a genetic predisposition to the disease or perhaps are more likely to be bitten and infected by virus-carrying mosquitoes.  In 1974, researchers at Oxford University found that when physiological variables were accounted for, mosquitoes preferred the blood from hosts of blood group O. But a study conducted in 2014 and published in the peer-reviewed journal Acta Tropica found that mosquitoes were more likely to feed on either artificial membrane blood feeders — or directly on human hands — of those with AB type (40%) when compared to other groups of A (24%), B (21%), and O (15%). While the latter study does not prove that mosquitoes are more inclined to bite Type O individuals, the findings further add evidence that parasites like mosquitoes may prefer certain genetic factors like blood.  Interestingly, in both of the above studies, individuals with AB blood types were shown to have more severe cases of malaria than those of other blood types — a finding that researchers suggest indicate mosquito preference could serve as a sort of natural selection for population control.  Understanding how and why mosquitoes choose a host is not just a matter of comfortability. In much of the world, it can be a matter of life or death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) calls the mosquito the “world’s deadliest animal” and credits the long-legged insect with spreading diseases like malaria, dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Zika, chikungunya, and lymphatic filariasis. The transmission of diseases through mosquitoes kills more people than any other critter in the world. In 2017 alone, an estimated 435,000 people around the world died from malaria alone and millions more became ill with the disease.  Knowing what blood types a mosquito might be attracted to can help health experts and individuals take the necessary precautions to avoid being bit by one (more on that later). Additionally, understanding what individuals may be more likely to experience disease severity can help in the treatment of infection.  But blood type is not the only factor that may influence a mosquito’s choice in a host. Virginia Tech researchers wrote in the journal Current Biology that mosquitoes have the ability to learn which humans will be the most advantageous for feeding.  “How mosquitoes determine which individuals to bite has important epidemiological consequences. This choice is not random; most mosquitoes specialize in one or a few vertebrate host species, and some individuals in a host population are preferred over others,” wrote the study authors in 2018.  These factors can include pregnancy and hormonal fluctuations during various stages of a menstrual cycle, as well as carbon dioxide, the compounds contained in sweat, alcohol intake, and even a preexisting malaria infection. The CDC recommends wearing insect repellent, covering up with long clothing, and using screens and fans on doors and windows to avoid mosquitos.  “Mosquitoes bite during the day and night, live indoors and outdoors, and search for warm places as temperatures begin to drop. Some mosquitoes hibernate in enclosed spaces, like garages, sheds, and under (or inside) homes, to survive cold temperatures,” wrote the health agency.  For more information on mosquito-caused diseases and how to prevent them, visit the CDC’s mosquito central.","https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types.html,https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types/o-blood-type.html,https://www.mosquito.org/page/mosquitoinfo,http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=547&doi=10.11648/j.aje.20190302.13,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15311477/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704197/,https://www.jstor.org/stable/41459967,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X14002733,https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/world-deadliest-animal.html,https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31617-2,https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31617-2,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1127358/,https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-you-a-magnet-for-mosquitoes/#:~:text=Researchers%20have%20also%20found%20a,are%20more%20attractive%20to%20mosquitoes.,https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-mosquitoes-detect-people#:~:text=Female%20mosquitoes%20have%20nerve%20cells,the%20absence%20of%20carbon%20dioxide.,https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/how-mosquitoes-smell-human-sweat,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12083361/#:~:text=Our%20study%20demonstrated%20that%20percent,drinking%20alcohol%20stimulates%20mosquito%20attraction.,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324568250_Malaria_infection_creates_a_'human_perfume'_that_makes_us_more_attractive_to_mosquitoes,https://www.cdc.gov/media/dpk/diseases-and-conditions/mosquito-borne-diseases/index.html,https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/index.html",Are Mosquitos Attracted to a Certain Blood Type?,,,,,, +3,,,,False,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/prop-47-theft-california/,The passage of Prop 47 means that thefts involving property valued at less than $950 will no longer be prosecuted in California.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"On July 21, 2021, comedian Adam Carolla shared a video on social media that supposedly showed two people stealing merchandise from a store. The video was accompanied by a message claiming that “thefts under $950 will not be prosecuted” thanks to California’s Proposition 47 law.  This is not true. For one, Prop 47 is not a new law. It was approved by a majority of California voters back in 2014. More importantly, Prop 47 does not legalize theft under $950.  The judicial branch of California explains on its page about Prop 47 that the new law “reclassifies certain theft and drug possession offenses from felonies to misdemeanors.” Thanks to Prop 47, shoplifting offenses involving property valued at less than $950 are prosecuted as misdemeanors, not felonies, but they are still prosecuted. Such offenses are punishable by up to six months in county jail.   The above-displayed video, which reportedly shows two people shoplifting from a TJ Maxx in Granada Hills, is one of several videos that was circulated online in the summer of 2021 in support of the claim that crime was on the rise in California. However, San Francisco Police Chief William Scott said that the statistics don’t support that narrative, pointing to a mid-year report showing that burglaries were down 6 % in the first six months of 2021. It should also be noted that California is not the only state that has raised the bar for felony convictions. Since 2000, at least 37 states have enacted laws that raised the threshold for what constitutes felony theft. In 2017, Pew Charitable Trusts examined how these laws impacted the crime rate and found that “raising the felony theft threshold has no impact on overall property crime or larceny rates.” Pew Trusts wrote: We looked at a similar claim back in 2020. You can read more about what Prop 47 does (and what it doesn’t do) here.","https://www.courts.ca.gov/prop47.htm,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQD-wcyYuKc,https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/after-san-francisco-shoplifting-video-goes-viral-officials-argue-thefts-n1273848,https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2017/04/the-effects-of-changing-felony-theft-thresholds,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/san-francisco-shoplifting-video/?utm_source=agorapulse&utm_campaign=recycled",Did Prop 47 Legalize Theft Under $950 in California?,,,,,, +4,,,,Mixture,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/us-womens-soccer-kneel-anthem/,The U.S. Women's Soccer team took a knee in protest of racial injustice during the national anthem before the 2020 Olympic opener.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"The U.S. women’s soccer team got its 2020 Olympic journey off on the wrong foot after suffering a 3-0 loss to Sweden during the opening match on July 21, 2021. Some social media users appeared to celebrate the American team’s defeat, arguing that it was some form of competitive karma in response to the team purportedly taking a knee during the national anthem before the game: The U.S. women’s soccer team did kneel before the opening match. However, this protest did not take place during the national anthem, and this protest was not conducted solely by the American team. The Swedish players also took a knee before kick-off. And, according to The Associated Press, players for the British, Chilean, Australian, and New Zealand teams also dropped to their knees before their respective matches: In Yahoo Sports’ article about the game, they specifically noted that all of the American players were standing for the national anthem. The image at the top of this article shows the U.S. women’s soccer team standing during the playing of the national anthem. The players knelt in protest after the playing of the anthem and but before kick-off. According to Yahoo, the protest lasted about 10 seconds, and took place as some pregame music played in the background: Several players commented on the protest in the hours after their respective matches. Steph Houghton, the captain of the British team, said: “We felt strongly as a group that we wanted to show support for those affected by discrimination and equality … It was a proud moment because the Chile players took the knee too to show how united we are as sport.” Megan Rapinoe of the U.S. women’s soccer team said: “It’s an opportunity for us to continue to use our voices and use our platforms to talk about the things that affect all of us intimately in different ways … We have people from Team USA, from all over the country, from all backgrounds, and people literally from all over the world for every other team so I obviously encourage everyone to use that platform to the best of their ability to do the most good that they possibly can in the world, especially as all eyes are on Tokyo these next couple weeks”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-113742.jpg,https://apnews.com/article/2020-tokyo-olympics-sports-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-soccer-18c738309b73ef7c2237e948f1870ca7,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/united-states-players-are-seen-during-their-national-anthem-news-photo/1329894391,https://sports.yahoo.com/olympics-soccer-players-kneel-uswnt-090330888.html,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-team-kneel-protest-olympics-matches,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-team-kneel-protest-olympics-matches",Did US Women’s Soccer Kneel During National Anthem at 2020 Olympic Opener?,Sports,,,,, +5,,,,True,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/life-expectancy-decline/,"The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that life expectancy fell by 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020, the biggest annual decline since 1943.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"In July 2021, several news outlets made the assertion that life expectancy in the United States had dropped by 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020, in large part due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and that, remarkably, this was the largest year-over-year decline in life expectancy since World War II. For example, on July 21 CBS News published an article with the headline “U.S. Life Expectancy Took ‘Catastrophic’ Hit Last Year, Biggest Since WWII,” which stated that: “U.S. life expectancy fell by a year-and-a-half in 2020, the largest one-year decline since World War II, public health officials said Wednesday.” Similar articles, each containing the “World War II” claim, were published by the New York Post, CNBC, and NPR. Those claims were accurate. According to data published by the federal U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the estimated life expectancy in 2020 was 77.3 years. In 2019, it was 78.8 years — a year-over-year decline of 1.5 years.  Based on historical CDC data, the last time U.S. life expectancy dropped by that much or more in one year was indeed during World War II, when life expectancy fell from 66.2 years in 1942, to 63.3 years in 1943 — a decline of 2.9 years. As such, we are issuing a rating of “True.” The most recent authoritative information on life expectancy in the U.S. can be found in the “Provisional Life Expectancy Estimates for 2020,” which were published on July 21, 2021, by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and can be read in full here. It stated that: Accord to the NCHS, that sharp decline in overall life expectancy at birth was largely attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic which, according to the CDC, killed almost 370,000 people in the U.S., and infected more than 20 million individuals, in 2020 alone. The report explained: The assertion that the decline in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 was the biggest since World War II did not appear in the July 2021 estimates, but news outlets appear to have based it on remarks made by Elizabeth Arias, the lead author of the report, in a February 2021 podcast.  Back in February, the CDC took the unusual step of publishing life expectancy estimates for the first six months of the previous year (2020). At that time, the data suggested a decline of one year between 2019 and 2020, a figure that was revised upwards to 1.5 years in July, when the data for the full year of 2020 were released. Placing the sharp decline in life expectancy in historical context, Arias said: Arias’ assessment was accurate both at the time she made it, when the decline in life expectancy was estimated to be one year, and in July 2021, when that decline was estimated to be 1.5 years.  A useful visualization of life expectancy trends between 1900 and 2018 can be found on the NCHS website. It shows that, since World War II, life expectancy in the U.S. has steadily increased, with a handful of small annual declines here and there: A comprehensive breakdown of life expectancy every year between 1900 and 2020 can be found here. It shows that in 1943, life expectancy (63.3 years) dropped by 2.9 years from 1942 (66.2 years). From that time until 2019, life expectancy experienced a year-over-year decline on only 10 occasions, with the biggest drop being 0.3 years, in 1968 and 1993.  The estimated decline of 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020 was therefore the biggest annual decline in life expectancy in the past 77 years, by a considerable distance.  The biggest single annual decline in life expectancy in the last 120 years came in 1918, when it fell from 50.9 years, in 1917, to 39.1 years — a decline of 11.8 years. In 1918, the flu pandemic caused almost 500,000 deaths in the U.S. alone.","https://archive.is/TZP02,https://archive.is/VUULH,https://archive.is/CMo0O,https://archive.is/c84Bs,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721051556/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR015-508.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-10.42.46.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-10.42.28.png,https://archive.is/sx9by,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720163857/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR10-508.pdf,https://archive.is/sx9by,https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/mortality-trends/index.htm,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-11.48.00.png,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/07/U.S.-Life-Expectancy-1900-2020-Sheet1.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/deadliest-days-usa-history/",Did US Life Expectancy in 2020 See Biggest Decline Since WWII?,"COVID-19, Editor's Picks",,,,, +6,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giannis-nba-finals/,"On the morning of July 21, 2021, after scoring 50 points in the last game of the 2021 NBA Finals, Milwaukee Bucks' Giannis Antetokounmpo ordered 50 Chick-fil-A nuggets.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"It had been 50 years since the Milwaukee Bucks won the NBA championship.  But, on July 20, 2021, the team did it — with Giannis Antetokounmpo, a.k.a. “The Greek Freak,” scoring 50 points in what has been described as one of the greatest NBA Finals ever. So, how did he celebrate the next day? By placing a 50-piece order of Chick-Fil-A’s chicken nuggets … .. with the Larry O’Brien and his NBA Finals MVP trophies in the car with him. The image displayed above is a screenshot from a live video on Antetokounmpo’s official Instagram page in which he made the order around 11:15 a.m. after winning the best-of-seven game series, 4-2, the night before. He said: “Can I have, please, 50-piece — not 51, not 49 — minis, yes? 50. And let me have a large, no ice, half-Sprite, half-Lemonade.” Considering that recorded evidence, we rate the claim “True.” Earlier, the footage showed him sitting in the vehicle with one of the trophies in his lap and the other between his legs on the vehicle’s floor as he excitedly sang and danced. He said he hadn’t slept at all since winning the championship the night before. The stream then recorded the two-time, regular-season MVP supposedly trying to persuade the fast-food restaurant into giving him “free Chick-Fil-A for life” but having no luck. After that, he drove around Milwaukee with excited fans chanting and swarming his vehicle. While scoring the 50 points in Game 6 against the Phoenix Suns — pushing the Milwaukee team on top, 105-98 — Antetokounmpo had 14 rebounds and five blocked shots, and the team won largely because of him. The Associated Press reported:","https://www.snopes.com/ap/2021/07/20/bucks-50-year-wait-ends-with-a-title-behind-50-from-giannis/,https://apnews.com/article/sports-nba-milwaukee-bucks-phoenix-suns-64e76fe1b9f0851dbcf46ad66d90d6de,https://nba.nbcsports.com/2021/07/21/giannis-antetokounmpo-lifts-bucks-with-50-then-lifts-larry-obrien-trophy-after-win/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-10.56.30-AM.png,https://www.instagram.com/giannis_an34/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.22.07-AM.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.08.27-AM.png,https://twitter.com/SInow/status/1417870350268968963?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.06.38-AM.png,https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/14/phoenix-suns-nba-finals/,https://apnews.com/article/sports-nba-milwaukee-bucks-phoenix-suns-64e76fe1b9f0851dbcf46ad66d90d6de","Yes, Giannis Ordered 50 Chick-fil-A Nuggets After Scoring 50 Points — Winning NBA Finals",Sports,,,,, +7,,,,Legend,David Mikkelson,2000-10-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/snopes/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rules-for-teachers-1872/,A document issued in 1872 lists rules of behavior for public school teachers.,2000-10-19,snopes,,"Yet another “the way we were” document of questionable origin intended to demonstrate by comparison how much better off we are today is the “Rules for Teachers – 1872” list: We’re expected to take this list in and marvel at the grimness of a late nineteenth century American schoolteacher’s lot: the profession was lowly regarded, the work was physically demanding and involved long hours on the job, the position paid poorly, retirement benefits were non-existent, and teachers were expected to be among the most morally upright members of their community. (Some modern teachers would probably agree that maybe things haven’t changed so much since then after all.) But the bottom line is that no one has ever been able to verify the authenticity of this “Rules for Teachers – 1872” list. The earliest iteration of this list that we’ve uncovered so far dates from 1959, when it was attributed to a school principal in Manhattan named Winifred Northrup: Rules for Teachers – 1872 28 Feb 1959, Sat Redlands Daily Facts (Redlands, California) Newspapers.com This list has been reproduced in countless newspapers and books over the sixty years since then, and copies of it have been displayed in numerous museums throughout North America, with each exhibitor claiming that it originated with their county or school district. Any evidence documenting the existence of the original list remains elusive, however. “Rules for Teachers – 1872” also been also offered in a number of different guises, such as a list of rules for sales clerks at W.T. Stewart’s department store in New York, for floor nurses in a hospital, and for the employees of a New England carriage works. All attempts to trace this document to its origins inevitably dead end with a photocopy or printed sheet of indeterminate origin and suspiciously modern vintage. As a point of reference, we visited a historical site in our neighborhood which included a restored 19th century schoolhouse, complete with a preserved contemporaneous list of instructions for teachers. The items on that list were rather mundane, directing teachers to follow protocol by taking regular attendance, using the assigned texts, etc. Nothing on the list involved manual labor or bore on the moral conduct of teachers’ private lives. Perhaps this piece tells us more about our contemporary vision of life in the 1870s than it does about life in the real 1870s. Sometimes the document includes a list of equally onerous rules for students: Another similar items purports to be a list of rules for teachers from 1915:","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/old-school-days/,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81875671/rules-for-teachers-1872/,https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Teachers+each+day+will+fill+lamps%2C+clean+chimneys%22&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1",Is the ‘Rules for Teachers – 1872’ List Real?,Documentary Evidence,,,,, +8,,,,Mostly False,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/anti-sex-beds-2020-olympics/,Anti-sex beds made out of cardboard have been installed in Olympic Village ahead of the 2020 games.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"In July 2021, as the 2020 Olympics approached (the games were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic), a rumor started circulating on social media that the athletes would be sleeping on “anti-sex” beds in the Olympic Village: However, these are not anti-sex beds; they can easily support the weight of two average-sized people, and they do not break with any sudden movement. The meme does correctly state that these beds are made of cardboard and that they will be recycled after the games.  The Olympic Village has a reputation (although possibly an unfair one) for being a hotbed of sexual activities. In 2016, the Guardian reported that nearly a half million condoms were provided to the athletes during the summer games in Rio de Janeiro.  With the Olympic Village’s reputation for promiscuity, and with various “social distancing” measures being enacted due to the lingering COVID-19 pandemic, many social media users assumed that the cardboard beds were some sort of anti-sex measure. But that’s not the case. These beds were designed to be more green, not to prevent sex. Rhys Mcclenaghan, an Irish gymnast competing at the 2020 Games, posted a video on Twitter debunking the notion that the beds would break with “any sudden movement.”  Long before rumors started circulating that these were “anti-sex” beds, the cardboard beds were touted as one of the ways Tokyo was attempting to make the Olympics more environmentally friendly. A news release from 2019 published on the Olympics news site “Inside the Games” detailed the specs and purpose of these cardboard beds. The bedding company Airweave said that it was providing 18,000 beds to the Olympic Village that were made from “high resistance lightweight cardboard.” The company said that the beds can hold more than 440 pounds, and that after the games the beds would be recycled.  In sum, Olympic athletes will indeed be sleeping on cardboard beds during the 2020 games. These beds were designed to make the games more sustainable, not to prevent athletes from having sex.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/anti-sex-beds-false.jpg,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/anti-sex-beds-false.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/sport/shortcuts/2016/jul/18/rio-2016-42-condoms-per-athlete-olympic-village-sex,https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1085096/tokyo-2020-bedding-mattresses-unveiled",Were Anti-Sex Beds Installed at the 2020 Olympics?,Editor's Picks,,,,, +9,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/drone-nest-telephone-pole/,An advertisement revealed answers about a drone photograph that showed something large hanging on top of a telephone pole.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a purported drone photograph of a massive nest or other object hanging off a telephone pole or power lines. The ads appeared to promise answers. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the 10news.com website. The ad read: “[Pics] Drone Captures Photos We’re Not Supposed to See.” It was sponsored by the Definition.org website, which has quite the track record for misleading clickbait. The ad was hosted by the Outbrain advertising network. Clicking on the ad led to a 39-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “Drone Photos Taken In Mid Air Will Have You Feeling Uneasy.” The article contained several photographs that appeared to be shot from the air, whether by a drone, helicopter, or airplane. One claimed it showed the aftermath of a residential explosion. Another described a shot that was purportedly captured over Barcelona, Spain. We also found a picture that was said to show volcanic activity in Iceland. We clicked through all 39 pages. The article never mentioned the photograph from the ad. It was clickbait. We clicked “next page” nearly 40 times so you don’t have to. The picture in the ad was not captured high in the sky using a drone. It appeared to be shot on the ground by artist and photographer Dillon Marsh of Dillon Marsh Photography. We found no credit to Marsh on the Definition.org website. The picture showed a large birds’ nest for the sociable weaver, built on a telephone pole. The bird species lives in the Kalahari region of southern Africa. The only place they can be found in the United States is with the San Diego Zoo. The zoo described the nests built by sociable weavers as providing enough living space for an “entire colony as well as for future residents.” The nests can hold up to 400 birds and can potentially last an entire century. Nests built by the species are made from large twigs, dry grasses, straw, soft plants, cotton, fur, and fluff. The zoo also published that a “proper nesting tree has a long, smooth trunk and high branches to discourage slithering predators.” This is perhaps what makes a telephone pole the perfect trunk for sociable weavers. The nests keep the sociable weavers cool in the summer and warm on cold nights. They welcome other birds inside, such as the South African pygmy falcon, pied barbet, familiar chat, red-headed finch, ashy tit, and rosy-faced lovebird. Vultures, eagles, and owls can also sometimes be seen on top of the nests. The added company is said to make for a more secure home from predators. As for food, the zoo’s page about the sociable weaver said that they “need less water than any other bird” and that “most never take a drink.” They get their moisture from bugs. For more on the species, visit the San Diego Zoo website. Several other photographs of the nests can be viewed on the Getty Images website. In sum, an ad promised to reveal something about a strange drone photograph that “we’re not supposed to see.” The long article that resulted from the ad never mentioned the picture. In reality, it was shot from ground level and showed a massive nest built on a telephone pole by sociable weavers. Note: Photographs from Flickr are credited to Bernard Dupont and Rui Ornelas. Matt Mawson shot the Getty Images picture. The photograph in the ad, which went uncredited by the advertiser, appeared to originally be captured by Dillon Marsh.","https://www.10news.com/sports/tampa-bay-buccaneers-tom-brady-visit-white-house-to-celebrate-super-bowl-win,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/nick-stahl-death-hoax/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kevin-costner-octavia-spencer/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/car-meghan-markle-drives/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kevin-sorbo-hercules/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worst-fast-food-chain/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/adam-sandler-trump/,https://archive.ph/5zmX3,https://archive.ph/ljEU8,https://archive.ph/uHB1n,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2017/08/17/barcelona-van/,https://archive.ph/T2dmn,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/iceland-religions-mental-disorders/,http://dillonmarsh.com/assimilation02.html,https://www.instagram.com/dillonmarsh/,https://www.audubon.org/magazine/march-april-2014/africas-social-weaverbirds-take-communal,https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/sociable-weaver,https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/sociable-weaver,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/cape-weavers-nest-site-in-a-telephone-pole-royalty-free-image/73553786,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/sociable-weaver-nest-made-on-a-telephone-pole-royalty-free-image/541050808,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/weavers-nest-on-a-power-pole-namibia-royalty-free-image/1032886702,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/nest-of-a-weaver-bird-on-an-electricity-pole-royalty-free-image/1032886412,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/weaver-bird-nest-kgalagadi-transfrontier-park-south-africa-news-photo/170908186","Photograph of Massive Nest on Telephone Pole, Explained",,,,,, +10,,,,Mostly True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/are-blue-java-bananas-real/,"With an outer blue skin, the brightly hued “blue java banana” depicted in various online photographs is a real fruit and it tastes like vanilla ice cream.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"The blue-hued skin of the vanilla-flavored ice cream banana may seem too good to be true, but the so-called “ice cream banana” is an edible fruit that has paved its way on the internet due to its unique coloration.  Also known as the “blue java banana,” various iterations and photographs claiming to depict this unique fruit have existed on social media since at least 2017. In July 2021, Snopes readers sent our team the below meme to verify if the blue-hued fruit existed: While it is true that the blue java banana is real, we have to note that some websites appear to overly saturate or alter photographs of the fruit, which exaggerate the blue coloration. As such, we have rated this claim as “Mostly True” given that the photographs featured in the meme in question were likely altered to appear more vibrant.  “This fruit is not really blue! Many photos of blue java on the internet are photoshopped,” wrote rare fruit harvester Miami Fruit on its website. “As it ripens, the outer peel will turn fully yellow.”  [See also Do Swedes Really Put Bananas on Pizza?] The blue java banana belongs to the banana family of plants Musaceae, and is a cultivar, or hybrid, of two species of banana, the Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata. Nearly all cultivated varieties of bananas and plantains are seedless, or sterile, and are propagated and cloned from the offshoots of mature plants known as pups, according to a 2015 study published in the journal Plant Gene. Native to Southeast Asia, the blue java banana can grow up to 20 feet tall, and has silvery green leaves, according to the California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. The skin of the fruit is silvery pale blue in coloring when unripe but turns a pale yellow when ripe. And as its nickname suggests, the vanilla-like taste of the fruit pairs nicely with ice cream when eaten fresh or cooked.","https://www.reddit.com/r/BeAmazed/comments/g53l4n/the_blue_java_banana_which_is_said_to_have_the/,https://imgur.com/gallery/0wKjhrH,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square.png,https://fb.ru/post/main-course/2019/4/3/80743,https://miamifruit.org/products/blue-java-ice-cream-banana-pre-order,https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/musaceae,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235240731500027X,https://crfg.org/?s=blue+java",Are Blue Java Bananas Real?,,,,,, +11,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, +12,,,,False,David Emery,2017-11-14,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/david-emery/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/edward-mordrake/,"A nineteenth-century British man named Edward Mordrake (also spelled ""Mordake"") was born with a rare medical condition in the form of a extra face on the back of his head.",2017-11-14,snopes,,"One of the more interesting historical nuggets to cross our transom in recent years is the claim that a certain English gentleman of the nineteenth century named Edward Mordrake (or “Edward Mordake,” according to older sources) was born with a bizarre medical condition so troubling that it drove him to suicide: Albeit popularized in the 2000s via memes, songs, and TV shows, the Edward Mordrake story isn’t of recent origin, having aroused the morbid interests of Victorian readers more than a century ago in Gould and Pyle’s Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine, first published in 1896. This is how the authors of that hefty volume recounted it: Despite the credulous reception the story has frequently received, there are plenty of reasons to be skeptical. For one, the entire passage about Edward Mordrake was quoted from what the authors describe as “lay sources” (more about which later), which sets it apart from other entries (such as their account of the life of Joseph Merrick, the “Elephant Man”) drawn from actual medical case histories. For another, it is heavy on melodrama (e.g., “he was kept from his rest at night by the hateful whispers of his ‘devil twin,’ as he called it”), while giving only the slightest nod to science (apart from applying the now-antiquated medical classification “bicephalic monsters,” there is really no scientific verbiage at all). And although it purports to cite two attending physicians, “Manvers and Treadwell,” a critique of the entry in the 1906 edition of The Theosophical Review reported that the names appeared nowhere in the Dict. of National Biography (a Victorian-era Who’s Who). The origin of the black-and-white photograph purporting to show Edward Mordrake and his “devil twin” in profile (which has appeared in Internet postings since 2007) is unknown. Despite its “vintage” appearance, the image exhibits greater resolution and clarity than what is typically seen in photographic reproductions of the mid-to-late Victorian era (e.g., the 1889 photograph of Joseph Merrick published in the British Medical Journal). It appears, in fact, to be a retouched photo of a wax figure in the Panoptikum Wax Museum in Hamburg, Germany: A Case of Asymmetrical Conjoined Twins? There does exist a real medical condition, Craniopagus parasiticus, whose symptoms bear a very basic resemblance to those described in this case. It’s an extremely rare complication in conjoined twins wherein one of the pair is underdeveloped and less than fully functional (hence “parasitic”), and takes the form of a vestigial head attached to the cranium of the “autositic” (dominant) twin. According to a 2016 case report, there have only been ten or fewer recorded cases of Craniopagus parasiticus in history, “of which only three survived past birth and were documented in the literature.” Of those three, two died before the age of two, despite surgical attempts to save the life of the autositic twin. The third, known famously as the “two-headed boy of Bengal,” lived to be four years old and was reported to be in good health until he was bitten by a cobra and died. Most significantly, as regards the Edward Mordrake case, conjoined twins are by definition genetically identical, so they are always of the same sex. The “devil twin” described in that case was female, while the autositic twin was male (though it could be argued, of course, that the vestigial face was misidentified as female). That the “sneering” face had no audible voice comports with such information as we have on real cases of Craniopagus parasiticus, but the claims that it exhibited “every sign of intelligence” and taunted the poor man with “hateful whispers” do not. Accounts of the two-headed boy of Bengal said the vestigial face in that case could “grimace” and its eyes were observed moving, for example, but though there could have been some sort of rudimentary consciousness present there were no signs of intelligence. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Mordrake might have suffered instead from a congenital defect known as Diprosopus (or craniofacial duplication), in which facial features are duplicated to a greater or lesser extent on other areas of the head (in the rarest cases, the full face is duplicated). The mechanisms behind this deformity aren’t fully understood, although many researchers believe it to be another rare form of conjoined twinning. Although somewhat more common than Craniopagus parasiticus (with just under 50 instances documented since the mid-nineteenth century), Diprosopus has a similarly poor survival rate, with most cases ending in stillbirth. In short, although science does offer theoretical explanations for Mordrake’s condition, they are few and only marginally plausible. About Those “Lay Sources” Gould and Pyle reported in 1896 that the “well-known story of Edward Mordake” they quoted was taken from “lay sources” — plural — despite the fact that there was really only one. Science historian Alex Boese has traced the quoted text, verbatim, to a syndicated newspaper article written in 1895 by Charles Lotin Hildreth, a poet and author of speculative fiction: What all these “wonders of science” had in common, Boese points out, is that no mention of them is to be found in any previous sources. None. It appears, in other words, that Hildreth simply made them up. Albeit couched as nonfiction, the article was actually a work of speculative fiction in the spirit of other scientific hoaxes of the time, such as the infamous life-on-the-moon hoax of 1835 and the Cardiff Giant hoax of 1869. Boese concludes — convincingly, we find — that Edward Mordrake was the literary creation of Charles Lotin Hildreth. He never really existed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2017/11/edward-mordrake.jpg,https://www.memecenter.com/fun/2008989/edward-mordrake,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGci5Tlur9o,http://americanhorrorstory.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Mordrake,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=sowkAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josephmerrick1889.jpg,https://youtu.be/2yIeG4Ldp4M?t=66,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5134060/,https://web.archive.org/web/20080327214927/www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html,http://hoaxes.org/weblog/comments/edward_mordake,https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/moon-shot-race-a-hoax-and-the-birth-of-fake-news,https://www.livescience.com/55787-cardiff-giant.html","Edward Mordrake, the Man with Two Faces",medical anomalies,,,,, +13,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-16,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-largest-mushroom/,A photograph shows the world's largest mushroom.,2021-07-16,snopes,,"A pair of images supposedly showing the “world’s largest mushroom” in Oregon are frequently circulated on social media along with a piece of text describing the Armillaria ostoyae, or the honey mushroom. These images are frequently accompanied by a piece of text about honey mushrooms, such as this paragraph that went viral when it was posted to Facebook in May 2021: “Giant mushroom, Oregon ……… Armillaria ostoyae, commonly known as the honey mushroom, is bigger than most animals, and is considered the largest and oldest organism on Earth. The mushroom covers 3,726563 m 2 of Malheur National Forest, Oregon, and is estimated to be around 8,650 years old.” While Armillaria ostoyae is a real mushroom and is considered to be one of the largest and oldest organisms on earth, it is not pictured in these images. The above-displayed images are the result of photo manipulation.  The “largest mushroom in the world” may conjure up images similar to the giant individual mushrooms shown in these viral photographs. However, Armillaria ostoyae‘s impressive growth takes place across (and under) the ground, not up into the air. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) writes that this “humongous fungus” is spread out across thousands of acres of the Malheur National Forest. Since this is a single organism, it is considered to be the largest mushroom in the world, but photographs of this humongous fungus are not quite as impressive as the fake photos shown above. Here’s a genuine picture of Armillaria ostoyae from the USDA: The BBC explained: As for these digitally edited works of fantastical fungus, we’ve been able to track down the source of one of them. The image showing a group of people staring up at a humongous fungus was created circa 2000 by a fungal biology student at the University of California, Berkeley. This image was created as a joke by Dirk Redecker, who is now a microbiologist and curator for the International Bank for the Glomales (an order of symbiotic fungi) at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. We reached out to Redecker for comment and will update this article if more information becomes available.  When Waffles at Noon reached out to Tom Bruns, Professor Emeritus of Fungal Ecology at Berkeley, for more information about this photo, he identified the mushroom as “Boletus photoshopus” and noted that it was pictured in its natural habitat, the digital photo. Bruns elaborated on the origins of this image in an email to Snopes. Bruns told us that this fake image was made circa 2000 as a “fun lab portrait.” Bruns and his then-student Redecker used an image of a Boletus rex-veris, a mushroom that stands about 8 inches tall, to create the giant mushroom pictured in this image. Bruns said: We have not been able to source the second image. However, we can say with absolute certainty that it is not a genuine photo of a fantastically large fungus. In fact, the Malheur National Forest has commented on this fake photo, writing: “Every few months a new crazy giant mushroom image shows up on social media referring to the Humongous Fungus on the Malheur National Forest. While it is true the fungus is the largest living organism it looks nothing like this.”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/giant-mushrooms.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10220626239988363&set=a.3959974040203,https://web.archive.org/web/20190803005438/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_033146.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/worlds-largest-mushroom.jpg,http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world,http://science.redeckeria.org/monsterbolete1b.jpg,http://wafflesatnoon.com/debunking-the-worlds-largest-mushroom-photo/",The World’s Largest Mushroom Looks Nothing Like These Viral Images,,,,,, +14,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, +15,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, +16,,,,Correct Attribution,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-brady-election-white-house/,"Super Bowl-winning quarterback Tom Brady joked about election denial during a White House ceremony, saying: ""I think about 40 percent of people still don’t think we won .. You understand that, Mr. President?""",2021-07-20,snopes,,"On July 20, 2021, NFL quarterback Tom Brady and his Tampa Bay Buccaneers teammates visited President Joe Biden at the White House to celebrate their Super Bowl victory earlier in the year. The event was memorable for a few reasons. For one, it was the first time Brady visited the White House since 2005 (he didn’t attend the ceremonies for his Super Bowl victories during the tenures of former presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump). And two, Brady made a topical joke before presenting Biden with a jersey: “I think about forty percent of people still don’t think we won … ” This is a genuine quote from Brady.  Brady spoke for a few minutes before he gifted a Buccaneers jersey to Biden. The seven-time champion spoke about team work and unity and hard work, but he also managed to offer up a few humorous lines. At one point, Brady referenced the number of people who continue to believe the falsehood that Biden did not win the 2020 presidential election, comparing it to the people who are in still in disbelief about the Buccaneers victory. Later, Brady joked about how he was labeled “Sleepy Tom” after screwing up a play, an apparent reference to the “Sleepy Joe” nickname that former President Donald Trump bestowed on his political rival.  Below is a transcript of Brady’s remarks. The relevant passages are in bold: Here’s a video of Brady’s remarks:  Brady has won seven Super Bowl rings during his time in the NFL. While he’s made a few appearances at the White House, this is his first visit since 2005. Brady previously said that family commitments prevented him from attending the ceremonies held by former Presidents Obama and Trump.","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/patriots-white-house-attendance/,https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/sports/-new-england-patriots-visit-white-house-donald-trump.html",Did Tom Brady Joke About Election During White House Visit?,Sports,,,,, +17,,,,Originated as Satire,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-unvaccinated-camps/,"In 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden announced his intention to place in ""camps"" anyone not vaccinated against COVID-19 by 2022.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In the summer of 2021, social media users enthusiastically shared screenshots of an earlier, entirely inaccurate article that claimed President Joe Biden had announced his intention to place U.S. residents in “camps” if they failed to be vaccinated against COVID-19.  The headline, which was partially cut off in many cases, read: “[President Joe Biden] Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put in Camps,” and the first paragraph, visible in the screenshots, read: Many of those screenshots were taken from various widely shared Instagram and TikTok posts that themselves promoted the entirely false claim. The screenshot below shows just a selection of posts from Facebook in the summer of 2021 alone, demonstrating its popularity on that platform: In reality, Biden had made no such announcement, and the claim at the center of all those social media posts was entirely fabricated. In fact, the article in question was labelled “satire” by its original authors, and as such, we are issuing a rating of “Originated as Satire.” A significant irony exists in the fact that those chiefly responsible for spreading the false and inflammatory story belong to a movement — COVID-19, anti-vaccine and “New World Order” conspiracy theorists — which so vocally emphasizes the importance of “doing your own research.” In this case, just a few seconds of research would have revealed the true origins of the bogus “Covid camps” story, since the screenshots all included the name of the website that published the article — ValueWalk.com: On that site, those intrepid researchers would have found the article, originally posted on June 21, 2021: If they read to the end, they would also have found the following: “Disclaimer: This is a satirical article.” The original piece was published on June 17 by TheStonkMarket.com, a website that describes its output as satirical, as follows: “TheStonkMarket.com is a financial satire site.” The “Covid camps” episode illustrates vividly the ease with which purportedly satirical content can be stripped of labels identifying it as such and deployed as inflammatory, and even harmful misinformation, that readers, without the immediate benefit of those original disclaimers, take very seriously indeed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-65.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Horizontal-20.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Horizontal-21.png,https://archive.is/cS2Gt,https://archive.is/rVvIa,https://www.facebook.com/search/photos?q=%22Announces%20Americans%20Not%20Vaccinated%20Before%202022%22&sde=AbrfJMmWuFFQA3Ky3H_gHAI5YOGYARrs_r9mzWCyf3br0SfeobAATRBrNjilIsqXJwH3ydPhfBvpMjSxdnpjU8IubLH6rjBs-tfssrHRVIfPXY-qVrAsuorg87OcE8rfDHNMcW2KE0XoYZu38KnLWBf1QKJm7dOGwDiwldRf1JWqTg&filters=eyJycF9jcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lOjAiOiJ7XCJuYW1lXCI6XCJjcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lXCIsXCJhcmdzXCI6XCJ7XFxcInN0YXJ0X3llYXJcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxXFxcIixcXFwic3RhcnRfbW9udGhcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxLTFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfeWVhclxcXCI6XFxcIjIwMjFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfbW9udGhcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxLTEyXFxcIixcXFwic3RhcnRfZGF5XFxcIjpcXFwiMjAyMS0xLTFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfZGF5XFxcIjpcXFwiMjAyMS0xMi0zMVxcXCJ9XCJ9In0%3D,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-20-at-13.50.50.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-26.png,https://archive.is/ggzoz,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-66.png,https://archive.is/7CyeF,https://archive.is/rJQwc","No, Biden Did Not Say Unvaccinated Americans ‘Will Be Put in Camps’",,,,,, +18,,,,Mixture,Nur Ibrahim,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/homewood-suites-arizona-immigrants/,"A Homewood Suites hotel in Scottsdale, Arizona, has become an illegal safe house for housing “illegal” migrants.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In June 2021, hundreds of protesters and some counter-protesters gathered outside a former Homewood Suites hotel in Scottsdale, Arizona, demonstrating against its housing of families that were seeking asylum. The facility was reported to be operational since late May. Snopes readers shared right-wing media outlet Gateway Pundit’s post about the reported housing of asylum seekers with us. The post claimed that Homewood Suites in Scottsdale was operating as an “illegal immigrant safehouse.” The headline also stated, “Discovered: Migrant Safe House in Scottsdale, Arizona! – ICE and Gov. Agents provide 24/7 security and catering to Illegal Immigrants.” Many asked us if the operation of housing asylum seekers was illegal.  We looked into the circumstances surrounding the use of the facilities, and learned that while families are indeed being temporarily housed in a former Homewood Suites in Scottsdale, Arizona, this is legal, and the facility is no longer officially part of the Hilton hotel chain. Real estate investment trust Woodbridge Holdings, which owns the former hotel, signed a contract with the nonprofit group Endeavors to manage the space as a temporary holding facility for families seeking asylum until at least Sept. 30, 2021. It is not clear yet what will happen after the contract is up, though one report says Woodbridge Holdings is trying to sell the property. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in turn had contracted with Endeavors to manage the temporary housing. According to Endeavors, the former hotel in Scottsdale would house asylum-seeking families for no more than 72 hours. The nonprofit would connect the migrants with U.S. sponsors, and give them transportation to bus stations or airports so they could reach their final destination. While many online claimed that Homewood Suites in Scottsdale was housing the asylum seekers, this particular facility was no longer part of Hilton hotels, which is the larger entity Homewood Suites is associated with. A Hilton spokesperson told us: Woodbridge Hospitality has filed for bankruptcy, and since May 2020, has defaulted on mortgage payments. According to reporting from May 2021, the group has been trying to close a sale of the property with a company that wanted to convert it into an apartment complex. Woodbridge’s lawyers said in court that they expect the sale to be finalized by September.  An ICE spokesperson gave us the following statement: The contract with Endeavors uses around $86.9 million in funds, provides support through Sept. 30, and provides 1,239 beds for emergency temporary shelter and other basic needs in facilities across the southwest border for families seeking asylum. It is not clear how much of these funds are going to the facility in Scottsdale. While ICE reportedly will provide access to medical and mental healthcare, cleaning facilities, hygiene kits, clothing, meals, and individual rooms to allow for social distancing, this has not been independently verified.  Traci Gomez, Chief Development and Communications Officer at Endeavors told us that they had been working with the US government to provide assistance after a rapid influx of migrants at the southern border earlier this year. Gomez added that they had experience with “safely operating shelters in a hotel setting in the COVID environment.”  “The work we do is wholly guided by ICE. Migrant families are placed in hotels to test for COVID, quarantined as necessary as well as provided with complete immigration processing that could not be accomplished at overcrowded Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) facilities. Families are normally in hotel facilities for 2-3 days as they continue processing,” Gomez said.  Meanwhile, the city of Scottsdale also addressed the protests and the use of the facility in a statement on its official website: While details about all the families within the facility are not known, newly arrived families in the U.S. are within their legal rights to seek asylum. According to the UNHCR, non-U.S. citizens who are physically present or arrive in the country may apply for asylum.  Given that ICE, the city of Scottsdale, and numerous news reports have confirmed the operating of this temporary facility for asylum seekers, and it is no longer part of Homewood Suites, we rate this claim as a “Mixture.”","https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/news/temporary-immigration-facility-in-scottsdale,https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/06/discovered-migrant-safe-house-scottsdale-arizona-ice-gov-agents-provide-24-7-security-catering-illegal-immigrants/,https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://archive.li/ZrEIa#selection-465.63-465.109,https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://www.hilton.com/en/homewood/,https://archive.li/ZrEIa#selection-465.63-465.109,https://sam.gov/opp/344bbe2d8fdd48dd9a0d5c5cfe206cde/view?keywords=&sort=-modifiedDate&index=&is_active=true&page=1&date_filter_index=0&inactive_filter_values=false&organization_id=100012075,https://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/news/temporary-immigration-facility-in-scottsdale,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-86-million-hotels/,https://www.unhcr.org/591da86b4.pdf",Is an Arizona Hotel Being Used as an Illegal Safe House For ‘Illegal Immigrants’?,,,,,, +19,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, +20,,,,Unproven,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/siberian-bear-hunting-suit-armor/,"A widely shared photograph shows a 19th-century, Siberian bear-hunting suit.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In recent years, internet users and fans of historical curiosities have marveled at a bizarre, even sinister-looking costume covered head to toe in spikes, which is most commonly described as being a “Siberian bear-hunting suit from the 1800s.” Enthusiasts have repeatedly posted largely the same, distinctive black-and-white photograph of the outfit, to the popular online forum Reddit: in 2019; 2018; and 2014. The posts always refer to the object as a “Siberian bear-hunting suit” and largely date it to the 19th century, as shown in the example below: The remarkable photograph, and its description as a Siberian bear-hunting suit from the 19th century, enjoyed a boost online in 2012, after it was featured on the popular, and now defunct, website Retronaut: It has even inspired a song, entitled “Bear Hunting Armor,” which was released by the Prague-based indie band Ending, in 2018. The music video, whose imagery clearly borrows heavily from the now-famous photograph, can be watched below. The band itself described the song as having been “Inspired by a Siberian bear hunting armor from the 1800s.” In reality, conclusive evidence is not available as to the precise origins of the costume — its purpose, creation date, or the geographical and cultural milieu from which it emerged — although it is a real historical artifact and the widely shared photograph of it is authentic. Moreover, good reasons exist to doubt the accuracy of the “Siberian bear-hunting” explanation that has become popular. As such, we are issuing a rating of “Unproven.” If decisive evidence emerges, we will update this fact check accordingly. The picture in question appears to have been taken by Malcolm Kirk, a renowned New York-based photographer. In 2012, the Victorian Adventure Enthusiast blog wrote about the artifact, claiming to have confirmed with Kirk’s representatives that he did indeed take the photograph. As of July 2021, the suit itself was housed at the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas — a museum that contains the private art and artifact collection of the French-American de Menil family. The museum’s website features various photographs of the costume, which is on display as part of the “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision” exhibit: The Menil Collection describes the exhibit, which first opened in 1999, as follows: So we know the suit is real, who owns it, and where it has been on display for the past 20 years, and we know that the widely shared photograph of it is authentic, as well as the name of the photographer who captured it. However, the precise origins of the costume remain elusive.  In her 2014 master’s thesis, available in full here, Kristen Strange at Arizona State University wrote at length, and in considerable detail, about “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision.” As part of her research, she examined records relating to the acquisition of the costume, which was also frequently referred to as “Wildman,” as well as correspondence involving Dominique de Menil, a co-founder of the museum along with her husband, John; their daughter, Adelaide de Menil; and Edmund Carpenter, Adelaide’s husband and an American anthropologist who initially curated the exhibit. Despite her extensive examination of those documents and records, Strange found no evidence to definitively pin down the exact origins of the suit, but did discover some interesting background information, and clues that the outfit might actually have originated in 18th or 19th century Germany or Switzerland, rather than 19th century Russia. She wrote: While the true origins of The Wildman remain uncertain, it appears that it was being described as a bear-hunting suit as early as 1998, and possibly before that. In November of that year, the renowned conservator Barbara Appelbaum wrote an email to her colleagues at the Global Conservation Forum, looking for advice on the use of Beva, a specialist adhesive popular among conservators.  In her email, she described the artifact she was working on at that time in terms that strongly suggest it was The Wildman, especially since her email came just months before the “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision” exhibit first opened at the Menil Collection. However, it should be noted that in her email, Appelbaum cast doubt on the “bear-hunting” description of the item:","https://archive.is/6UHzs,https://archive.is/7Xmz9,https://archive.is/xAGZv,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-64.png,https://archive.is/wcQlE,https://web.archive.org/web/20120724085816/http://www.retronaut.co/2012/07/siberian-bear-hunting-armour-c-1800s/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-25.png,https://archive.is/5EZbn,https://web.archive.org/web/20120827205358/http://malcolmkirk.com/site/about,https://archive.is/lM8ti,https://archive.is/3xTGT,https://archive.is/DL5tU,https://web.archive.org/web/20161212233610/https://www.menil.org/collection/5137-witnesses,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-20-at-12.20.00.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720164019/https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/134945/content/Strange_asu_0010N_13845.pdf,https://archive.is/IxuzG,https://web.archive.org/web/20210713074650/https://cool.culturalheritage.org/byform/mailing-lists/cdl/1998/1372.html",Is This Bizarre Costume a ‘Siberian Bear-Hunting Suit’?,,,,,, +21,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/80-million-year-old-shark/,A video shows an 80-million-year-old shark that was discovered in Japan.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"In July 2021, a video was circulated on social media that supposedly showed an 80-million-year-old shark discovered off the coast of Japan: This is a genuine video of a frilled shark or Chlamydoselachus anguineus. However, the wording of this caption left some people with the wrong impression of this shark’s age.  This shark is not 80 million years old. Not even close. While the exact lifespan of a frilled shark is unknown (these sharks are difficult to study as they live some 2,000 feet below the ocean’s surface), one estimate holds that this species lives for about 25 years.  So why the huge discrepancy? The 80 million figure refers to how long this species’ ancestors, not this individual shark, have been swimming in Earth’s deep waters. The frilled shark is often referred to as a “living fossil” because its lineage can be traced back more than 80 million years. National Geographic explained: While today’s frilled sharks resemble the fossils of their 80 million-year-old ancestors, the Smithsonian Institution’s Ocean Initiative writes that they aren’t entirely identical: The above-displayed video was taken in 2007 off the coast of Japan by a staff member of the Awashima Marine Park. This “living fossil” was about 5 feet long and died shortly after it was caught. Reuters reported at the time: Here’s a video report about the 2007 sighting: See also from Snopes:","https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shark-japan/japanese-marine-park-captures-rare-shark-on-film-idUST9810720070124,https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chlamydoselachus_anguineus/,https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/prehistoric-frilled-shark-bycatch-deep-sea-spd,https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/sharks,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shark-japan/japanese-marine-park-captures-rare-shark-on-film-idUST9810720070124",Is This an 80-Million-Year-Old Shark?,,,,,, +22,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/canadians-peanut-butter/,A photograph shows how peanut butter is sold in Canada — in plastic wrap packaging.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"In July 2021, American social media users started mocking their Canadian counterparts over a photograph that supposedly showed how the United States’ northern neighbors purchased their peanut butter.  This is a genuine photograph of a slab of loose peanut butter being sold in plastic wrap packaging, but this picture did not originate in Canada.  The above-displayed image is a cropped version of a photograph that has been circulating on social media since at least May 2021. At the time, it was going viral as if it showed how peanut butter was being sold in Ohio.  The origins of this peanut butter packaging was again mislabeled. So where does this photograph come from? It was originally posted on May 28, 2021, by Facebook user Dane Moses Greaves, who identifies as being from from Trinidad and Tobago. The original post also added some context. Greaves writes that a friend reported he sold loose peanut butter at a grocery store in that country in the Arima region. This seemed implausible to Greaves, so the friend sent a photograph to prove it was real: While many people may be used to buying peanut butter by the jar, selling loose peanut butter by weight isn’t unprecedented. Grocery stores used to sell the item by the pound. A grocery store in Pennsylvania sold it for 20 cents a pound in 1919. While it’s not as common today, loose peanut butter can still be purchased by weight in some parts of the world. [See also this fact check where we debunked a viral post claiming “three reasons you should stop eating peanut butter cups” or this fact check where we investigated a rumor alleging peanut butter can diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease.]","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/peanut-butter.jpg,https://twitter.com/seattlesloth_/status/1398800150714269696?lang=en,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/peanut-butter-packaging-meme.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/dane.greaves/posts/10158098585545777,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81819484/",Do Canadians Buy Loose Peanut Butter in Plastic Wrap Packaging?,food,,,,, +23,,,,True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/is-this-glass-octopus-real/,A viral video captured by the Schmidt Ocean Institute in July 2021 showed a rare glass octopus so named for its nearly completely transparent body.,2021-07-19,snopes,,"Completely translucent but for a few specks of yellow-hued organs, a rare glass octopus made its debut on a live recording captured by scientists aboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor in July 2021. And after footage of the glass octopus went viral online, the exploration agency took to social media on July 10 to “clear up” facts about the deep-sea animal. Spotted at a depth of over 2,100 feet at an underwater mountain known as a Seamount, relatively little is known about the species known scientifically as Vitreledonella richardi. This is in large part due to its deep marine home — most of what is known about V. richardi has been deduced by specimens found in the stomachs of its predators. Very few records exist and until now, there has been limited footage of the glass octopus. “The Ocean holds wonders and promises we haven’t even imagined, much less discovered,” said Wendy Schmidt, co-founder of Schmidt Ocean Institute, in a news release. “Expeditions like these teach us why we need to increase our efforts to restore and better understand marine ecosystems everywhere — because the great chain of life that begins in the ocean is critical for human health and wellbeing.” The footage was captured by E/V Falkor, a research vessel operated by the Schmidt Ocean Institute that conducts mapping surveys, collects live video footage, and conducts experiments to better understand the marine world. The vessel was exploring the Winslow reef complex on Tokelau Ridge in Phoenix Islands Archipelago, a remote region in the South Pacific about halfway between Hawaii and Fiji. This group of eight atolls and two submerged coral reefs encompasses a protected area that measures about the size of California and is rife with a diversity of marine life. Among the many species captured on live video were two sightings of glass octopuses, which the World Register of Marine Species noted was first described by Parisian marine biologist Louis Joubin in 1918. The pelagic octopus swims through the ocean far above the seafloor and is thought to be one of the least studied cephalopods, largely because the animal is so elusive, according to a 2016 study published in the journal Marine Biodiversity Records. So named for its nearly transparent body, the only features of the octopus that are not clear are the optic nerve, eyeballs, and digestive tract. Additionally, cells known as chromatophores use pigmentation to create color for camouflage and can be seen in the video in the form of yellow dots throughout the web and arms of the animal.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature classified the glass octopus as a species of “least concern.” With a mantle that can reach up to 4.3 inches for a total length of about 18 inches from tip to arm, the deep-sea cephalopod is also characterized by its elongated eyes that look rectangular from one side. With a lens at one end and a retina on the other, this unique eyeball makeup paired with its transparent body cast a small shadow to predators below. “Working with scientists and local researchers, this expedition is a remarkable example of the frontiers of science and exploration that we are able to support,” said Jyotika Virmani, executive director of Schmidt Ocean Institute. “Live-streaming the dives gives us a glimpse of rarely seen and fascinating creatures such as the transparent glass octopus. By providing this platform to further the understanding of our ocean, we trigger the imagination while helping to push forward scientific insights and the protection of our underwater world.”","///Users/madisondapcevich_snopes/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/200987851942761,https://schmidtocean.org/scientists-explore-seamounts-in-phoenix-islands-archipelago-gaining-new-insights-into-deep-water-diversity-and-ecology/,http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141962#sources,https://mbr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41200-016-0041-6,https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cephalopod-camouflage-cells-and-organs-of-the-144048968/,https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162988/961420",Is This Glass Octopus Real?,,,,,, +24,,,,Mixture,Jordan Liles,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/i-am-your-father-1980-reaction/,"A video posted online includes sound that was recorded inside a movie theater in 1980 during the pivotal ""I am your father"" scene from ""The Empire Strikes Back.""",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On Jan. 3, 2020, a YouTube video was uploaded that purported to show a movie theater’s 1980 audience reaction to Darth Vader‘s pivotal “I am your father” line of dialogue from “Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back.” The video title read: “‘I am your Father’ – Cinema Reaction (1980).” The description claimed that it was “found in Goodwill in January 2017.” As of July 2021, the viral video was nearing 10 million views and had likely been played millions of more times after being reposted elsewhere. The only problem: The sound was fake.  The “I am your father” audio was not from a 1980 audience reaction to the scene. Further, it appeared that a mention of “Luke” had been added into the scene between “no” and “I am your father.” The sound of audience members gasping and saying “no!” appeared to be captured in a movie theater during an important and spoiler-filled scene near the end of 2018’s “Avengers: Infinity War.” The same reaction heard in the doctored video above at the 0:57 mark can be listened to in the video below beginning at the 25:40 point:  The misleading “Star Wars” video has also been endlessly reposted on TikTok, earning an unknown number of total views. Unfortunately, the doctored and very viral video overshadowed a real recording from the film’s initial release. It was captured on audio cassettes inside a movie theater in 1980. That genuine recording was combined with video of the “I am your father” scene, and begins at the 4:10 mark in the video below:  The video only had 29,000 views, around 310 times less than the fake clip. The real audience reaction seemed to feature silence and shock at Darth Vader‘s famous line, perhaps with audience members not knowing if he was telling Luke Skywalker the truth. The 1980 audio cassette recording was first posted in 2011 by the user morgands1 on the website originaltrilogy.com, who also purportedly recorded audio of an audience reacting to 1977’s “Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope“: As previously mentioned, there also appeared to be a real audio recording from a 1977 screening of “Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.”  YouTube user William Forsche posted the audio in 2013. The audio recording captured his mother’s reaction as well. “Hearing her laugh (@ 0:42 & @ 2:54) and cheer with me and the rest of the audience is absolutely priceless to me,” Forsche said. Perhaps the most priceless moments of Forsche’s recording came when Han Solo swooped in to save the day and also at the end of the clip when moviegoers could be heard walking to their cars after the movie ended. Forsche said: “You can also hear me making laser beam sounds at the end of this recording, because ‘Star Wars’ got me all fired up!” As for the rumor about “The Empire Strikes Back,” in sum, the viral video that claimed to feature a 1980 cinema audience reacting loudly to “I am your father” was fake. However, a real audio recording from 1980 really does exist, but the audience was quiet, not vocal, after Darth Vader‘s pivotal line of dialogue.","https://www.snopes.com/ap/2020/11/29/dave-prowse-actor-who-played-darth-vader-dies-at-85/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2018/07/31/draft-poster-empire-strikes-back-sells-26400/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/goodwill-executives-arrested/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZCo_hZLyh0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disney-trademark-norse-gods/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DzVIafBMpE&t=1536s,https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/07/star-wars-proposal-trailer-video/,https://www.tiktok.com/@beaaannnnzzzzz/video/6986442752363957510,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMGnKhxhTWg&t=245s,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vatican-nativity/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2020/01/13/arizona-store-gives-star-wars-record-back-to-mark-hamill/,https://originaltrilogy.com/topic/ESB-70mm-Soundtrack-1980-in-theatre-recording-Released/id/12501,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxBafn2t5v4,https://www.snopes.com/articles/347898/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-easter-eggs/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxBafn2t5v4,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/billy-dee-williams-mark-hamill/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMGnKhxhTWg&t=245s,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/james-earl-jones-star-wars-london-segregation/","The ‘I Am Your Father’ 1980 Audience Reaction Video Is Fake, But We Found a Real One","Entertainment, Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back",,,,, +25,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, +26,,,,False,Bethania Palma,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/jetblue-pilots-die-covid/,Five JetBlue pilots died as the result of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.,2021-07-19,snopes,,"In mid-July 2021, Stew Peters, a conservative internet talk show host who has a track record for spreading COVID-19 vaccine misinformation, used his show on the video platform Rumble to spread more COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. Snopes readers emailed us asking about a post seen on Facebook from a Qanon conspiracy theory website containing the headline, “VIDEO: HORRIFIC! – FIVE Jet Blue Airlines Pilots DEAD, Media Intentionally Hiding Vaxx Fears.” The post contained a link to Peters’ show. During that July 16 show, Peters and his guest Dr. Jane Ruby (who is not a medical doctor) claimed that five JetBlue pilots died as a result of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine shot. But oddly Ruby also admitted she didn’t know whether any of the pilots mentioned even received the shot. (We added bold text to the key portion of the quote below): Ruby then goes on to name five JetBlue employees who died between February and May of 2021. JetBlue has about 20,000 employees. In company marketing materials, JetBlue said it encouraged employees to get vaccinated and that the “majority” of crew members had received the vaccine. In obituaries found online for the JetBlue employees named by Ruby, two mentioned the cause of death. In those cases, the deaths had nothing to do with COVID-19 or the vaccine. One pilot died in a UTV accident. Another died of cancer. In a statement emailed to Snopes, JetBlue acknowledged that four pilots died in 2021. One employee named by Ruby wasn’t a pilot, but an inflight crew member. The company called the video an effort to intentionally mislead the public: The claim that five JetBlue “pilots” died from the vaccine echoes a similar claim about British Airways. That claim was also false and used the same method of apparently trawling the internet for people from the same airline company who died in prior months, then claiming without evidence they died from the vaccine. Peters and Ruby had previously taken to the show to claim that the vaccines were injected magnets into people, a claim that spectacularly backfired in an attempted live demonstration that went viral: We are rating this claim “False” because it comes from an unreliable source with a track record for spreading misinformation, and by the source’s own admission, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim. We also note that the evidence that is available — namely the cause of death in two of the five cases — directly contradicts the claim.","https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9E94UF-1,https://archive.is/Ec2Hu,https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/08/21/qanon-2020-election/,https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-jane-ruby-49971411/,https://www.jetblue.com/safety,https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/kinston/name/alan-herring-obituary?pid=198826353,https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/04/obituarybenjamin-c-ingraham/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/british-airways-pilots-died-covid-vax/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/magnets-covid-vaccine/","No, 5 JetBlue Pilots Didn’t Die From the COVID-19 Vaccine","COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccine",,,,, +27,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, +28,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, +29,,,,False,David Emery,2017-11-14,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/david-emery/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/edward-mordrake/,"A nineteenth-century British man named Edward Mordrake (also spelled ""Mordake"") was born with a rare medical condition in the form of a extra face on the back of his head.",2017-11-14,snopes,,"One of the more interesting historical nuggets to cross our transom in recent years is the claim that a certain English gentleman of the nineteenth century named Edward Mordrake (or “Edward Mordake,” according to older sources) was born with a bizarre medical condition so troubling that it drove him to suicide: Albeit popularized in the 2000s via memes, songs, and TV shows, the Edward Mordrake story isn’t of recent origin, having aroused the morbid interests of Victorian readers more than a century ago in Gould and Pyle’s Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine, first published in 1896. This is how the authors of that hefty volume recounted it: Despite the credulous reception the story has frequently received, there are plenty of reasons to be skeptical. For one, the entire passage about Edward Mordrake was quoted from what the authors describe as “lay sources” (more about which later), which sets it apart from other entries (such as their account of the life of Joseph Merrick, the “Elephant Man”) drawn from actual medical case histories. For another, it is heavy on melodrama (e.g., “he was kept from his rest at night by the hateful whispers of his ‘devil twin,’ as he called it”), while giving only the slightest nod to science (apart from applying the now-antiquated medical classification “bicephalic monsters,” there is really no scientific verbiage at all). And although it purports to cite two attending physicians, “Manvers and Treadwell,” a critique of the entry in the 1906 edition of The Theosophical Review reported that the names appeared nowhere in the Dict. of National Biography (a Victorian-era Who’s Who). The origin of the black-and-white photograph purporting to show Edward Mordrake and his “devil twin” in profile (which has appeared in Internet postings since 2007) is unknown. Despite its “vintage” appearance, the image exhibits greater resolution and clarity than what is typically seen in photographic reproductions of the mid-to-late Victorian era (e.g., the 1889 photograph of Joseph Merrick published in the British Medical Journal). It appears, in fact, to be a retouched photo of a wax figure in the Panoptikum Wax Museum in Hamburg, Germany: A Case of Asymmetrical Conjoined Twins? There does exist a real medical condition, Craniopagus parasiticus, whose symptoms bear a very basic resemblance to those described in this case. It’s an extremely rare complication in conjoined twins wherein one of the pair is underdeveloped and less than fully functional (hence “parasitic”), and takes the form of a vestigial head attached to the cranium of the “autositic” (dominant) twin. According to a 2016 case report, there have only been ten or fewer recorded cases of Craniopagus parasiticus in history, “of which only three survived past birth and were documented in the literature.” Of those three, two died before the age of two, despite surgical attempts to save the life of the autositic twin. The third, known famously as the “two-headed boy of Bengal,” lived to be four years old and was reported to be in good health until he was bitten by a cobra and died. Most significantly, as regards the Edward Mordrake case, conjoined twins are by definition genetically identical, so they are always of the same sex. The “devil twin” described in that case was female, while the autositic twin was male (though it could be argued, of course, that the vestigial face was misidentified as female). That the “sneering” face had no audible voice comports with such information as we have on real cases of Craniopagus parasiticus, but the claims that it exhibited “every sign of intelligence” and taunted the poor man with “hateful whispers” do not. Accounts of the two-headed boy of Bengal said the vestigial face in that case could “grimace” and its eyes were observed moving, for example, but though there could have been some sort of rudimentary consciousness present there were no signs of intelligence. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Mordrake might have suffered instead from a congenital defect known as Diprosopus (or craniofacial duplication), in which facial features are duplicated to a greater or lesser extent on other areas of the head (in the rarest cases, the full face is duplicated). The mechanisms behind this deformity aren’t fully understood, although many researchers believe it to be another rare form of conjoined twinning. Although somewhat more common than Craniopagus parasiticus (with just under 50 instances documented since the mid-nineteenth century), Diprosopus has a similarly poor survival rate, with most cases ending in stillbirth. In short, although science does offer theoretical explanations for Mordrake’s condition, they are few and only marginally plausible. About Those “Lay Sources” Gould and Pyle reported in 1896 that the “well-known story of Edward Mordake” they quoted was taken from “lay sources” — plural — despite the fact that there was really only one. Science historian Alex Boese has traced the quoted text, verbatim, to a syndicated newspaper article written in 1895 by Charles Lotin Hildreth, a poet and author of speculative fiction: What all these “wonders of science” had in common, Boese points out, is that no mention of them is to be found in any previous sources. None. It appears, in other words, that Hildreth simply made them up. Albeit couched as nonfiction, the article was actually a work of speculative fiction in the spirit of other scientific hoaxes of the time, such as the infamous life-on-the-moon hoax of 1835 and the Cardiff Giant hoax of 1869. Boese concludes — convincingly, we find — that Edward Mordrake was the literary creation of Charles Lotin Hildreth. He never really existed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2017/11/edward-mordrake.jpg,https://www.memecenter.com/fun/2008989/edward-mordrake,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGci5Tlur9o,http://americanhorrorstory.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Mordrake,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=sowkAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josephmerrick1889.jpg,https://youtu.be/2yIeG4Ldp4M?t=66,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5134060/,https://web.archive.org/web/20080327214927/www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html,http://hoaxes.org/weblog/comments/edward_mordake,https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/moon-shot-race-a-hoax-and-the-birth-of-fake-news,https://www.livescience.com/55787-cardiff-giant.html","Edward Mordrake, the Man with Two Faces",medical anomalies,,,,, +30,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-16,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-largest-mushroom/,A photograph shows the world's largest mushroom.,2021-07-16,snopes,,"A pair of images supposedly showing the “world’s largest mushroom” in Oregon are frequently circulated on social media along with a piece of text describing the Armillaria ostoyae, or the honey mushroom. These images are frequently accompanied by a piece of text about honey mushrooms, such as this paragraph that went viral when it was posted to Facebook in May 2021: “Giant mushroom, Oregon ……… Armillaria ostoyae, commonly known as the honey mushroom, is bigger than most animals, and is considered the largest and oldest organism on Earth. The mushroom covers 3,726563 m 2 of Malheur National Forest, Oregon, and is estimated to be around 8,650 years old.” While Armillaria ostoyae is a real mushroom and is considered to be one of the largest and oldest organisms on earth, it is not pictured in these images. The above-displayed images are the result of photo manipulation.  The “largest mushroom in the world” may conjure up images similar to the giant individual mushrooms shown in these viral photographs. However, Armillaria ostoyae‘s impressive growth takes place across (and under) the ground, not up into the air. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) writes that this “humongous fungus” is spread out across thousands of acres of the Malheur National Forest. Since this is a single organism, it is considered to be the largest mushroom in the world, but photographs of this humongous fungus are not quite as impressive as the fake photos shown above. Here’s a genuine picture of Armillaria ostoyae from the USDA: The BBC explained: As for these digitally edited works of fantastical fungus, we’ve been able to track down the source of one of them. The image showing a group of people staring up at a humongous fungus was created circa 2000 by a fungal biology student at the University of California, Berkeley. This image was created as a joke by Dirk Redecker, who is now a microbiologist and curator for the International Bank for the Glomales (an order of symbiotic fungi) at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. We reached out to Redecker for comment and will update this article if more information becomes available.  When Waffles at Noon reached out to Tom Bruns, Professor Emeritus of Fungal Ecology at Berkeley, for more information about this photo, he identified the mushroom as “Boletus photoshopus” and noted that it was pictured in its natural habitat, the digital photo. Bruns elaborated on the origins of this image in an email to Snopes. Bruns told us that this fake image was made circa 2000 as a “fun lab portrait.” Bruns and his then-student Redecker used an image of a Boletus rex-veris, a mushroom that stands about 8 inches tall, to create the giant mushroom pictured in this image. Bruns said: We have not been able to source the second image. However, we can say with absolute certainty that it is not a genuine photo of a fantastically large fungus. In fact, the Malheur National Forest has commented on this fake photo, writing: “Every few months a new crazy giant mushroom image shows up on social media referring to the Humongous Fungus on the Malheur National Forest. While it is true the fungus is the largest living organism it looks nothing like this.”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/giant-mushrooms.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10220626239988363&set=a.3959974040203,https://web.archive.org/web/20190803005438/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_033146.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/worlds-largest-mushroom.jpg,http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world,http://science.redeckeria.org/monsterbolete1b.jpg,http://wafflesatnoon.com/debunking-the-worlds-largest-mushroom-photo/",The World’s Largest Mushroom Looks Nothing Like These Viral Images,,,,,, +31,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, +32,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_snopes.csv b/output_sample_snopes.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4e9e7e --- /dev/null +++ b/output_sample_snopes.csv @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,,,,True,Jordan Liles,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-parent-trap-october-11/,"Lisa Ann Walter, the actress who played Chessy the nanny in the 1998 film ""The Parent Trap,"" had identical twins on October 11, the same birthday as the film's fictional identical twins Annie and Hallie, played by Lindsay Lohan.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"On July 20, 2021, a new TikTok video revealed an interesting detail about a beloved 1990s movie. The video from Madison Murphy (@badbroad) said that October 11 has a special significance in the history of the 1998 Lindsay Lohan movie, “The Parent Trap.” “I don’t know who else to tell this to, so I just need you guys to listen up,” Murphy said. “All right, so we all know our Lord and Savior Chessy from ‘The Parent Trap.’ She’s played by a lady named Lisa Ann Walter. So, three years after ‘The Parent Trap’ came out, in 2001, she gave birth to twins. Not only that, but she gave birth to twins on October 11.” This led commenters to ask about the significance of the date. One person asked: “Am I the only one wondering what’s significant about October 11?” Another commenter answered: “The twin girls from the movie she’s referencing were born on October 11.” This was all true. According to the film’s script, Annie James and Hallie Parker, portrayed by actress Lindsay Lohan, were indeed born on October 11. The only thing unclear was if Walter’s twins were born in 2000 or 2001. Wikipedia, which can be edited by just about anyone, said 2001. However, the real year may have been 2000. We were able to confirm the October 11 date with a tweet from Walter’s verified Twitter account, where she said that the twins were born two years after the film’s 1998 release. In the past, Walter posted on Instagram in celebration of her twins’ birthdays. Their names are Simon and Spencer. Commenters responded to the October 11 revelation with “OMFG” and “Jesus, who knows that much about the f—ing ‘Parent Trap’ remake.” Someone responded to the latter comment, saying: “People who grew up with the movie, obviously.” “The Parent Trap” starred Dennis Quaid, the late Natasha Richardson, and Lindsay Lohan. The film’s plot was described as follows: In sum, it was true that October 11 had a special significance for both the fictional twins’ birthdays in “The Parent Trap” and Walter, who gave birth to twins in real life on the same month and day.","https://www.snopes.com/tag/tiktok-rumors/,https://www.awesomefilm.com/script/The-Parent-Trap.html,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Ann_Walter,https://twitter.com/LisaAnnWalter/status/891733278058622977,https://www.instagram.com/p/8uc8epB91f/",The Rumor About ‘The Parent Trap’ and October 11 Is True,Entertainment,,,,, +1,,,,True,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/beach-handball-uniforms-photo/,A photograph shared widely in July 2021 accurately and fairly represented the discrepancies in men's and women's beach handball uniform requirements.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"In the summer of 2021, Norway’s women’s beach handball team reignited a controversy over glaring gender discrepancies in the uniform requirements of various sports, including their own.  The rules of the sport require women to wear “bikini bottoms” with a “close fit” along with a “midriff design” top, while their male counterparts are permitted to wear sleeveless tank tops and shorts, as illustrated in the diagrams below, which are taken from the International Handball Federation’s official rules of beach handball: Rejecting those double standards, the Norwegian women refused to wear bikini bottoms during their European Championships game against Spain on July 18, and in response, the European Handball Federation fined them €150 ($177) each.  As part of a wave of outrage against the uniform requirements, and the punishment imposed, a popular post on the online forum Reddit purported to neatly and starkly illustrate the disparities involved in the male and female beach handball uniform regulations. Underneath a caption that read “Mens beach-handball teams uniform vs. the women’s uniform,” a photograph showed what appeared to be a men’s beach handball team, wearing tank tops and shorts, kneeling and standing next to their female counterparts, who are wearing bikini bottoms and “midriff” tops: That photograph was genuine, and showed Norway’s men’s and women’s beach handball teams, respectively, before their games against their Swedish counterparts, in June 2019. As such, we are issuing a rating of “True.” The picture was taken by the photographer Niclas Dovsjö on June 7, 2019, in Ulricehamn, Sweden. It was posted online and on Facebook by the Norwegian Handball Federation, and can be seen in its original context, below: Norway’s men lost their encounter with Sweden, while their female compatriots won. At the time, the picture prompted an outraged response in Norway, illustrating as it did the glaring discrepancy in uniform requirements between male and female athletes.  In response to expressions of criticism at the rules, and the treatment of the Norwegian women’s team, European Handball Federation [EHF] President Michael Wiederer insisted that “the EHF will do all it can to ensure that a change of athlete uniform regulations can be implemented,” but said such a rules change “could not happen overnight.”","https://web.archive.org/web/20210721063358/https://www.ihf.info/sites/default/files/2019-05/0_09%20-%20Rules%20of%20the%20Game%20%28Beach%20Handball%29_GB.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/IHF_Uniforms.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721203614/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/sports/norway-beach-handball-team.html,https://archive.is/YuGw3,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-17.01.29.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721203731/https://www.handball.no/nyheter/2019/06/en-seier-og-et-tap-i-sverige/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-17.09.15.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721211124/https://www.aftenposten.no/sport/i/6jVA0e/dette-bildet-skaper-reaksjoner-jeg-gremmes,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721211820/https://beacheuro.eurohandball.com/news/en/wiederer-ehf-will-do-its-utmost-to-influence-beach-handball-uniform-change/","Pic Shows Difference Between Men’s, Women’s Beach Handball Uniforms?",Sports,,,,, +2,,,,Mostly True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mosquitoes-blood-type-attraction/,"Evidence suggests that among other individual factors, mosquitos may be more attracted to people with Type O blood.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"As the hot 2021 summer months brought increased mosquito activity across much of the U.S., Snopes readers wanted to know if the buzzing pests were attracted to one type of blood over another. A deeper look through the scientific literature revealed that among other factors — like hormone levels or scents — there is evidence to suggest that mosquitoes may be more attracted to people with Type O blood — or at least these individuals were more likely to be bit.  To understand why these individuals are more likely to be pestered by the biting bugs, we must first understand what a blood type is.   A person’s blood type is inherited and determined by the presence or absence of substances known as antigens, which can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body, according to the Red Cross. The four major blood groups — A, B, AB and O —are determined by the presence or absence of two such antigens, A and B, that are found on the surface of red blood cells. But there is also a protein known as the Rh factor which is present (+) or absent (-) to make up the eight most common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+ and AB-.  Type O positive is the most common with more than one-third of Americans with this type. Type O negative, on the other hand, is known as the “universal” blood type and is the most common blood type used for transfusions when a patient’s blood type is unknown. (To find out your blood type, a sample of your blood must be sampled or taken by a medical professional.)  The American Mosquito Control Association notes that there are more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes, and though host preference may vary depending on region and species, several studies have supported the claim that mosquitoes might be more attracted to those with Type O blood over others.  One such species, Aedes aegypti, is the major vector of Dengue in Sri Lanka. In 2019, scientists at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Sri Lanka set out to determine how certain blood types may influence a mosquito’s ability to rear offspring. Laboratory-reared female mosquitoes were exposed to all four blood groups at once in separate feeders. After feeding, the DNA of blood in mosquitoes was extracted and identified and the mean number of eggs per individual was determined. The researchers found that the highest preference was observed for the blood group O. However, no one blood type was found to influence a mosquito’s egg production over another, begging the question: Why might mosquitoes prefer one type of blood over another? (More on that later.)  A small-scale study conducted in 2004 also found that of 64 test subjects, those with blood Type O were significantly likely to have a mosquito land on them than on other blood groups A, B and AB. A 2009 study published in Virology Journal found that individuals with O+ blood type were more susceptible than other group types to get chikungunya, a virus spread to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. The findings suggested that some people may have a genetic predisposition to the disease or perhaps are more likely to be bitten and infected by virus-carrying mosquitoes.  In 1974, researchers at Oxford University found that when physiological variables were accounted for, mosquitoes preferred the blood from hosts of blood group O. But a study conducted in 2014 and published in the peer-reviewed journal Acta Tropica found that mosquitoes were more likely to feed on either artificial membrane blood feeders — or directly on human hands — of those with AB type (40%) when compared to other groups of A (24%), B (21%), and O (15%). While the latter study does not prove that mosquitoes are more inclined to bite Type O individuals, the findings further add evidence that parasites like mosquitoes may prefer certain genetic factors like blood.  Interestingly, in both of the above studies, individuals with AB blood types were shown to have more severe cases of malaria than those of other blood types — a finding that researchers suggest indicate mosquito preference could serve as a sort of natural selection for population control.  Understanding how and why mosquitoes choose a host is not just a matter of comfortability. In much of the world, it can be a matter of life or death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) calls the mosquito the “world’s deadliest animal” and credits the long-legged insect with spreading diseases like malaria, dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Zika, chikungunya, and lymphatic filariasis. The transmission of diseases through mosquitoes kills more people than any other critter in the world. In 2017 alone, an estimated 435,000 people around the world died from malaria alone and millions more became ill with the disease.  Knowing what blood types a mosquito might be attracted to can help health experts and individuals take the necessary precautions to avoid being bit by one (more on that later). Additionally, understanding what individuals may be more likely to experience disease severity can help in the treatment of infection.  But blood type is not the only factor that may influence a mosquito’s choice in a host. Virginia Tech researchers wrote in the journal Current Biology that mosquitoes have the ability to learn which humans will be the most advantageous for feeding.  “How mosquitoes determine which individuals to bite has important epidemiological consequences. This choice is not random; most mosquitoes specialize in one or a few vertebrate host species, and some individuals in a host population are preferred over others,” wrote the study authors in 2018.  These factors can include pregnancy and hormonal fluctuations during various stages of a menstrual cycle, as well as carbon dioxide, the compounds contained in sweat, alcohol intake, and even a preexisting malaria infection. The CDC recommends wearing insect repellent, covering up with long clothing, and using screens and fans on doors and windows to avoid mosquitos.  “Mosquitoes bite during the day and night, live indoors and outdoors, and search for warm places as temperatures begin to drop. Some mosquitoes hibernate in enclosed spaces, like garages, sheds, and under (or inside) homes, to survive cold temperatures,” wrote the health agency.  For more information on mosquito-caused diseases and how to prevent them, visit the CDC’s mosquito central.","https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types.html,https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types/o-blood-type.html,https://www.mosquito.org/page/mosquitoinfo,http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=547&doi=10.11648/j.aje.20190302.13,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15311477/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704197/,https://www.jstor.org/stable/41459967,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X14002733,https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/world-deadliest-animal.html,https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31617-2,https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31617-2,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1127358/,https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-you-a-magnet-for-mosquitoes/#:~:text=Researchers%20have%20also%20found%20a,are%20more%20attractive%20to%20mosquitoes.,https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-mosquitoes-detect-people#:~:text=Female%20mosquitoes%20have%20nerve%20cells,the%20absence%20of%20carbon%20dioxide.,https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/how-mosquitoes-smell-human-sweat,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12083361/#:~:text=Our%20study%20demonstrated%20that%20percent,drinking%20alcohol%20stimulates%20mosquito%20attraction.,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324568250_Malaria_infection_creates_a_'human_perfume'_that_makes_us_more_attractive_to_mosquitoes,https://www.cdc.gov/media/dpk/diseases-and-conditions/mosquito-borne-diseases/index.html,https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/index.html",Are Mosquitos Attracted to a Certain Blood Type?,,,,,, +3,,,,False,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/prop-47-theft-california/,The passage of Prop 47 means that thefts involving property valued at less than $950 will no longer be prosecuted in California.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"On July 21, 2021, comedian Adam Carolla shared a video on social media that supposedly showed two people stealing merchandise from a store. The video was accompanied by a message claiming that “thefts under $950 will not be prosecuted” thanks to California’s Proposition 47 law.  This is not true. For one, Prop 47 is not a new law. It was approved by a majority of California voters back in 2014. More importantly, Prop 47 does not legalize theft under $950.  The judicial branch of California explains on its page about Prop 47 that the new law “reclassifies certain theft and drug possession offenses from felonies to misdemeanors.” Thanks to Prop 47, shoplifting offenses involving property valued at less than $950 are prosecuted as misdemeanors, not felonies, but they are still prosecuted. Such offenses are punishable by up to six months in county jail.   The above-displayed video, which reportedly shows two people shoplifting from a TJ Maxx in Granada Hills, is one of several videos that was circulated online in the summer of 2021 in support of the claim that crime was on the rise in California. However, San Francisco Police Chief William Scott said that the statistics don’t support that narrative, pointing to a mid-year report showing that burglaries were down 6 % in the first six months of 2021. It should also be noted that California is not the only state that has raised the bar for felony convictions. Since 2000, at least 37 states have enacted laws that raised the threshold for what constitutes felony theft. In 2017, Pew Charitable Trusts examined how these laws impacted the crime rate and found that “raising the felony theft threshold has no impact on overall property crime or larceny rates.” Pew Trusts wrote: We looked at a similar claim back in 2020. You can read more about what Prop 47 does (and what it doesn’t do) here.","https://www.courts.ca.gov/prop47.htm,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQD-wcyYuKc,https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/after-san-francisco-shoplifting-video-goes-viral-officials-argue-thefts-n1273848,https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2017/04/the-effects-of-changing-felony-theft-thresholds,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/san-francisco-shoplifting-video/?utm_source=agorapulse&utm_campaign=recycled",Did Prop 47 Legalize Theft Under $950 in California?,,,,,, +4,,,,Mixture,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/us-womens-soccer-kneel-anthem/,The U.S. Women's Soccer team took a knee in protest of racial injustice during the national anthem before the 2020 Olympic opener.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"The U.S. women’s soccer team got its 2020 Olympic journey off on the wrong foot after suffering a 3-0 loss to Sweden during the opening match on July 21, 2021. Some social media users appeared to celebrate the American team’s defeat, arguing that it was some form of competitive karma in response to the team purportedly taking a knee during the national anthem before the game: The U.S. women’s soccer team did kneel before the opening match. However, this protest did not take place during the national anthem, and this protest was not conducted solely by the American team. The Swedish players also took a knee before kick-off. And, according to The Associated Press, players for the British, Chilean, Australian, and New Zealand teams also dropped to their knees before their respective matches: In Yahoo Sports’ article about the game, they specifically noted that all of the American players were standing for the national anthem. The image at the top of this article shows the U.S. women’s soccer team standing during the playing of the national anthem. The players knelt in protest after the playing of the anthem and but before kick-off. According to Yahoo, the protest lasted about 10 seconds, and took place as some pregame music played in the background: Several players commented on the protest in the hours after their respective matches. Steph Houghton, the captain of the British team, said: “We felt strongly as a group that we wanted to show support for those affected by discrimination and equality … It was a proud moment because the Chile players took the knee too to show how united we are as sport.” Megan Rapinoe of the U.S. women’s soccer team said: “It’s an opportunity for us to continue to use our voices and use our platforms to talk about the things that affect all of us intimately in different ways … We have people from Team USA, from all over the country, from all backgrounds, and people literally from all over the world for every other team so I obviously encourage everyone to use that platform to the best of their ability to do the most good that they possibly can in the world, especially as all eyes are on Tokyo these next couple weeks”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-113742.jpg,https://apnews.com/article/2020-tokyo-olympics-sports-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-soccer-18c738309b73ef7c2237e948f1870ca7,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/united-states-players-are-seen-during-their-national-anthem-news-photo/1329894391,https://sports.yahoo.com/olympics-soccer-players-kneel-uswnt-090330888.html,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-team-kneel-protest-olympics-matches,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-team-kneel-protest-olympics-matches",Did US Women’s Soccer Kneel During National Anthem at 2020 Olympic Opener?,Sports,,,,, +5,,,,True,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/life-expectancy-decline/,"The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that life expectancy fell by 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020, the biggest annual decline since 1943.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"In July 2021, several news outlets made the assertion that life expectancy in the United States had dropped by 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020, in large part due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and that, remarkably, this was the largest year-over-year decline in life expectancy since World War II. For example, on July 21 CBS News published an article with the headline “U.S. Life Expectancy Took ‘Catastrophic’ Hit Last Year, Biggest Since WWII,” which stated that: “U.S. life expectancy fell by a year-and-a-half in 2020, the largest one-year decline since World War II, public health officials said Wednesday.” Similar articles, each containing the “World War II” claim, were published by the New York Post, CNBC, and NPR. Those claims were accurate. According to data published by the federal U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the estimated life expectancy in 2020 was 77.3 years. In 2019, it was 78.8 years — a year-over-year decline of 1.5 years.  Based on historical CDC data, the last time U.S. life expectancy dropped by that much or more in one year was indeed during World War II, when life expectancy fell from 66.2 years in 1942, to 63.3 years in 1943 — a decline of 2.9 years. As such, we are issuing a rating of “True.” The most recent authoritative information on life expectancy in the U.S. can be found in the “Provisional Life Expectancy Estimates for 2020,” which were published on July 21, 2021, by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and can be read in full here. It stated that: Accord to the NCHS, that sharp decline in overall life expectancy at birth was largely attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic which, according to the CDC, killed almost 370,000 people in the U.S., and infected more than 20 million individuals, in 2020 alone. The report explained: The assertion that the decline in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 was the biggest since World War II did not appear in the July 2021 estimates, but news outlets appear to have based it on remarks made by Elizabeth Arias, the lead author of the report, in a February 2021 podcast.  Back in February, the CDC took the unusual step of publishing life expectancy estimates for the first six months of the previous year (2020). At that time, the data suggested a decline of one year between 2019 and 2020, a figure that was revised upwards to 1.5 years in July, when the data for the full year of 2020 were released. Placing the sharp decline in life expectancy in historical context, Arias said: Arias’ assessment was accurate both at the time she made it, when the decline in life expectancy was estimated to be one year, and in July 2021, when that decline was estimated to be 1.5 years.  A useful visualization of life expectancy trends between 1900 and 2018 can be found on the NCHS website. It shows that, since World War II, life expectancy in the U.S. has steadily increased, with a handful of small annual declines here and there: A comprehensive breakdown of life expectancy every year between 1900 and 2020 can be found here. It shows that in 1943, life expectancy (63.3 years) dropped by 2.9 years from 1942 (66.2 years). From that time until 2019, life expectancy experienced a year-over-year decline on only 10 occasions, with the biggest drop being 0.3 years, in 1968 and 1993.  The estimated decline of 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020 was therefore the biggest annual decline in life expectancy in the past 77 years, by a considerable distance.  The biggest single annual decline in life expectancy in the last 120 years came in 1918, when it fell from 50.9 years, in 1917, to 39.1 years — a decline of 11.8 years. In 1918, the flu pandemic caused almost 500,000 deaths in the U.S. alone.","https://archive.is/TZP02,https://archive.is/VUULH,https://archive.is/CMo0O,https://archive.is/c84Bs,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721051556/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR015-508.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-10.42.46.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-10.42.28.png,https://archive.is/sx9by,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720163857/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR10-508.pdf,https://archive.is/sx9by,https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/mortality-trends/index.htm,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-11.48.00.png,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/07/U.S.-Life-Expectancy-1900-2020-Sheet1.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/deadliest-days-usa-history/",Did US Life Expectancy in 2020 See Biggest Decline Since WWII?,"COVID-19, Editor's Picks",,,,, +6,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giannis-nba-finals/,"On the morning of July 21, 2021, after scoring 50 points in the last game of the 2021 NBA Finals, Milwaukee Bucks' Giannis Antetokounmpo ordered 50 Chick-fil-A nuggets.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"It had been 50 years since the Milwaukee Bucks won the NBA championship.  But, on July 20, 2021, the team did it — with Giannis Antetokounmpo, a.k.a. “The Greek Freak,” scoring 50 points in what has been described as one of the greatest NBA Finals ever. So, how did he celebrate the next day? By placing a 50-piece order of Chick-Fil-A’s chicken nuggets … .. with the Larry O’Brien and his NBA Finals MVP trophies in the car with him. The image displayed above is a screenshot from a live video on Antetokounmpo’s official Instagram page in which he made the order around 11:15 a.m. after winning the best-of-seven game series, 4-2, the night before. He said: “Can I have, please, 50-piece — not 51, not 49 — minis, yes? 50. And let me have a large, no ice, half-Sprite, half-Lemonade.” Considering that recorded evidence, we rate the claim “True.” Earlier, the footage showed him sitting in the vehicle with one of the trophies in his lap and the other between his legs on the vehicle’s floor as he excitedly sang and danced. He said he hadn’t slept at all since winning the championship the night before. The stream then recorded the two-time, regular-season MVP supposedly trying to persuade the fast-food restaurant into giving him “free Chick-Fil-A for life” but having no luck. After that, he drove around Milwaukee with excited fans chanting and swarming his vehicle. While scoring the 50 points in Game 6 against the Phoenix Suns — pushing the Milwaukee team on top, 105-98 — Antetokounmpo had 14 rebounds and five blocked shots, and the team won largely because of him. The Associated Press reported:","https://www.snopes.com/ap/2021/07/20/bucks-50-year-wait-ends-with-a-title-behind-50-from-giannis/,https://apnews.com/article/sports-nba-milwaukee-bucks-phoenix-suns-64e76fe1b9f0851dbcf46ad66d90d6de,https://nba.nbcsports.com/2021/07/21/giannis-antetokounmpo-lifts-bucks-with-50-then-lifts-larry-obrien-trophy-after-win/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-10.56.30-AM.png,https://www.instagram.com/giannis_an34/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.22.07-AM.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.08.27-AM.png,https://twitter.com/SInow/status/1417870350268968963?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.06.38-AM.png,https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/14/phoenix-suns-nba-finals/,https://apnews.com/article/sports-nba-milwaukee-bucks-phoenix-suns-64e76fe1b9f0851dbcf46ad66d90d6de","Yes, Giannis Ordered 50 Chick-fil-A Nuggets After Scoring 50 Points — Winning NBA Finals",Sports,,,,, +7,,,,Legend,David Mikkelson,2000-10-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/snopes/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rules-for-teachers-1872/,A document issued in 1872 lists rules of behavior for public school teachers.,2000-10-19,snopes,,"Yet another “the way we were” document of questionable origin intended to demonstrate by comparison how much better off we are today is the “Rules for Teachers – 1872” list: We’re expected to take this list in and marvel at the grimness of a late nineteenth century American schoolteacher’s lot: the profession was lowly regarded, the work was physically demanding and involved long hours on the job, the position paid poorly, retirement benefits were non-existent, and teachers were expected to be among the most morally upright members of their community. (Some modern teachers would probably agree that maybe things haven’t changed so much since then after all.) But the bottom line is that no one has ever been able to verify the authenticity of this “Rules for Teachers – 1872” list. The earliest iteration of this list that we’ve uncovered so far dates from 1959, when it was attributed to a school principal in Manhattan named Winifred Northrup: Rules for Teachers – 1872 28 Feb 1959, Sat Redlands Daily Facts (Redlands, California) Newspapers.com This list has been reproduced in countless newspapers and books over the sixty years since then, and copies of it have been displayed in numerous museums throughout North America, with each exhibitor claiming that it originated with their county or school district. Any evidence documenting the existence of the original list remains elusive, however. “Rules for Teachers – 1872” also been also offered in a number of different guises, such as a list of rules for sales clerks at W.T. Stewart’s department store in New York, for floor nurses in a hospital, and for the employees of a New England carriage works. All attempts to trace this document to its origins inevitably dead end with a photocopy or printed sheet of indeterminate origin and suspiciously modern vintage. As a point of reference, we visited a historical site in our neighborhood which included a restored 19th century schoolhouse, complete with a preserved contemporaneous list of instructions for teachers. The items on that list were rather mundane, directing teachers to follow protocol by taking regular attendance, using the assigned texts, etc. Nothing on the list involved manual labor or bore on the moral conduct of teachers’ private lives. Perhaps this piece tells us more about our contemporary vision of life in the 1870s than it does about life in the real 1870s. Sometimes the document includes a list of equally onerous rules for students: Another similar items purports to be a list of rules for teachers from 1915:","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/old-school-days/,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81875671/rules-for-teachers-1872/,https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Teachers+each+day+will+fill+lamps%2C+clean+chimneys%22&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1",Is the ‘Rules for Teachers – 1872’ List Real?,Documentary Evidence,,,,, +8,,,,Mostly False,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/anti-sex-beds-2020-olympics/,Anti-sex beds made out of cardboard have been installed in Olympic Village ahead of the 2020 games.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"In July 2021, as the 2020 Olympics approached (the games were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic), a rumor started circulating on social media that the athletes would be sleeping on “anti-sex” beds in the Olympic Village: However, these are not anti-sex beds; they can easily support the weight of two average-sized people, and they do not break with any sudden movement. The meme does correctly state that these beds are made of cardboard and that they will be recycled after the games.  The Olympic Village has a reputation (although possibly an unfair one) for being a hotbed of sexual activities. In 2016, the Guardian reported that nearly a half million condoms were provided to the athletes during the summer games in Rio de Janeiro.  With the Olympic Village’s reputation for promiscuity, and with various “social distancing” measures being enacted due to the lingering COVID-19 pandemic, many social media users assumed that the cardboard beds were some sort of anti-sex measure. But that’s not the case. These beds were designed to be more green, not to prevent sex. Rhys Mcclenaghan, an Irish gymnast competing at the 2020 Games, posted a video on Twitter debunking the notion that the beds would break with “any sudden movement.”  Long before rumors started circulating that these were “anti-sex” beds, the cardboard beds were touted as one of the ways Tokyo was attempting to make the Olympics more environmentally friendly. A news release from 2019 published on the Olympics news site “Inside the Games” detailed the specs and purpose of these cardboard beds. The bedding company Airweave said that it was providing 18,000 beds to the Olympic Village that were made from “high resistance lightweight cardboard.” The company said that the beds can hold more than 440 pounds, and that after the games the beds would be recycled.  In sum, Olympic athletes will indeed be sleeping on cardboard beds during the 2020 games. These beds were designed to make the games more sustainable, not to prevent athletes from having sex.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/anti-sex-beds-false.jpg,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/anti-sex-beds-false.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/sport/shortcuts/2016/jul/18/rio-2016-42-condoms-per-athlete-olympic-village-sex,https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1085096/tokyo-2020-bedding-mattresses-unveiled",Were Anti-Sex Beds Installed at the 2020 Olympics?,Editor's Picks,,,,, +9,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/drone-nest-telephone-pole/,An advertisement revealed answers about a drone photograph that showed something large hanging on top of a telephone pole.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a purported drone photograph of a massive nest or other object hanging off a telephone pole or power lines. The ads appeared to promise answers. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the 10news.com website. The ad read: “[Pics] Drone Captures Photos We’re Not Supposed to See.” It was sponsored by the Definition.org website, which has quite the track record for misleading clickbait. The ad was hosted by the Outbrain advertising network. Clicking on the ad led to a 39-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “Drone Photos Taken In Mid Air Will Have You Feeling Uneasy.” The article contained several photographs that appeared to be shot from the air, whether by a drone, helicopter, or airplane. One claimed it showed the aftermath of a residential explosion. Another described a shot that was purportedly captured over Barcelona, Spain. We also found a picture that was said to show volcanic activity in Iceland. We clicked through all 39 pages. The article never mentioned the photograph from the ad. It was clickbait. We clicked “next page” nearly 40 times so you don’t have to. The picture in the ad was not captured high in the sky using a drone. It appeared to be shot on the ground by artist and photographer Dillon Marsh of Dillon Marsh Photography. We found no credit to Marsh on the Definition.org website. The picture showed a large birds’ nest for the sociable weaver, built on a telephone pole. The bird species lives in the Kalahari region of southern Africa. The only place they can be found in the United States is with the San Diego Zoo. The zoo described the nests built by sociable weavers as providing enough living space for an “entire colony as well as for future residents.” The nests can hold up to 400 birds and can potentially last an entire century. Nests built by the species are made from large twigs, dry grasses, straw, soft plants, cotton, fur, and fluff. The zoo also published that a “proper nesting tree has a long, smooth trunk and high branches to discourage slithering predators.” This is perhaps what makes a telephone pole the perfect trunk for sociable weavers. The nests keep the sociable weavers cool in the summer and warm on cold nights. They welcome other birds inside, such as the South African pygmy falcon, pied barbet, familiar chat, red-headed finch, ashy tit, and rosy-faced lovebird. Vultures, eagles, and owls can also sometimes be seen on top of the nests. The added company is said to make for a more secure home from predators. As for food, the zoo’s page about the sociable weaver said that they “need less water than any other bird” and that “most never take a drink.” They get their moisture from bugs. For more on the species, visit the San Diego Zoo website. Several other photographs of the nests can be viewed on the Getty Images website. In sum, an ad promised to reveal something about a strange drone photograph that “we’re not supposed to see.” The long article that resulted from the ad never mentioned the picture. In reality, it was shot from ground level and showed a massive nest built on a telephone pole by sociable weavers. Note: Photographs from Flickr are credited to Bernard Dupont and Rui Ornelas. Matt Mawson shot the Getty Images picture. The photograph in the ad, which went uncredited by the advertiser, appeared to originally be captured by Dillon Marsh.","https://www.10news.com/sports/tampa-bay-buccaneers-tom-brady-visit-white-house-to-celebrate-super-bowl-win,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/nick-stahl-death-hoax/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kevin-costner-octavia-spencer/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/car-meghan-markle-drives/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kevin-sorbo-hercules/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worst-fast-food-chain/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/adam-sandler-trump/,https://archive.ph/5zmX3,https://archive.ph/ljEU8,https://archive.ph/uHB1n,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2017/08/17/barcelona-van/,https://archive.ph/T2dmn,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/iceland-religions-mental-disorders/,http://dillonmarsh.com/assimilation02.html,https://www.instagram.com/dillonmarsh/,https://www.audubon.org/magazine/march-april-2014/africas-social-weaverbirds-take-communal,https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/sociable-weaver,https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/sociable-weaver,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/cape-weavers-nest-site-in-a-telephone-pole-royalty-free-image/73553786,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/sociable-weaver-nest-made-on-a-telephone-pole-royalty-free-image/541050808,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/weavers-nest-on-a-power-pole-namibia-royalty-free-image/1032886702,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/nest-of-a-weaver-bird-on-an-electricity-pole-royalty-free-image/1032886412,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/weaver-bird-nest-kgalagadi-transfrontier-park-south-africa-news-photo/170908186","Photograph of Massive Nest on Telephone Pole, Explained",,,,,, +10,,,,Mostly True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/are-blue-java-bananas-real/,"With an outer blue skin, the brightly hued “blue java banana” depicted in various online photographs is a real fruit and it tastes like vanilla ice cream.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"The blue-hued skin of the vanilla-flavored ice cream banana may seem too good to be true, but the so-called “ice cream banana” is an edible fruit that has paved its way on the internet due to its unique coloration.  Also known as the “blue java banana,” various iterations and photographs claiming to depict this unique fruit have existed on social media since at least 2017. In July 2021, Snopes readers sent our team the below meme to verify if the blue-hued fruit existed: While it is true that the blue java banana is real, we have to note that some websites appear to overly saturate or alter photographs of the fruit, which exaggerate the blue coloration. As such, we have rated this claim as “Mostly True” given that the photographs featured in the meme in question were likely altered to appear more vibrant.  “This fruit is not really blue! Many photos of blue java on the internet are photoshopped,” wrote rare fruit harvester Miami Fruit on its website. “As it ripens, the outer peel will turn fully yellow.”  [See also Do Swedes Really Put Bananas on Pizza?] The blue java banana belongs to the banana family of plants Musaceae, and is a cultivar, or hybrid, of two species of banana, the Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata. Nearly all cultivated varieties of bananas and plantains are seedless, or sterile, and are propagated and cloned from the offshoots of mature plants known as pups, according to a 2015 study published in the journal Plant Gene. Native to Southeast Asia, the blue java banana can grow up to 20 feet tall, and has silvery green leaves, according to the California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. The skin of the fruit is silvery pale blue in coloring when unripe but turns a pale yellow when ripe. And as its nickname suggests, the vanilla-like taste of the fruit pairs nicely with ice cream when eaten fresh or cooked.","https://www.reddit.com/r/BeAmazed/comments/g53l4n/the_blue_java_banana_which_is_said_to_have_the/,https://imgur.com/gallery/0wKjhrH,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square.png,https://fb.ru/post/main-course/2019/4/3/80743,https://miamifruit.org/products/blue-java-ice-cream-banana-pre-order,https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/musaceae,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235240731500027X,https://crfg.org/?s=blue+java",Are Blue Java Bananas Real?,,,,,, +11,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, +12,,,,False,David Emery,2017-11-14,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/david-emery/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/edward-mordrake/,"A nineteenth-century British man named Edward Mordrake (also spelled ""Mordake"") was born with a rare medical condition in the form of a extra face on the back of his head.",2017-11-14,snopes,,"One of the more interesting historical nuggets to cross our transom in recent years is the claim that a certain English gentleman of the nineteenth century named Edward Mordrake (or “Edward Mordake,” according to older sources) was born with a bizarre medical condition so troubling that it drove him to suicide: Albeit popularized in the 2000s via memes, songs, and TV shows, the Edward Mordrake story isn’t of recent origin, having aroused the morbid interests of Victorian readers more than a century ago in Gould and Pyle’s Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine, first published in 1896. This is how the authors of that hefty volume recounted it: Despite the credulous reception the story has frequently received, there are plenty of reasons to be skeptical. For one, the entire passage about Edward Mordrake was quoted from what the authors describe as “lay sources” (more about which later), which sets it apart from other entries (such as their account of the life of Joseph Merrick, the “Elephant Man”) drawn from actual medical case histories. For another, it is heavy on melodrama (e.g., “he was kept from his rest at night by the hateful whispers of his ‘devil twin,’ as he called it”), while giving only the slightest nod to science (apart from applying the now-antiquated medical classification “bicephalic monsters,” there is really no scientific verbiage at all). And although it purports to cite two attending physicians, “Manvers and Treadwell,” a critique of the entry in the 1906 edition of The Theosophical Review reported that the names appeared nowhere in the Dict. of National Biography (a Victorian-era Who’s Who). The origin of the black-and-white photograph purporting to show Edward Mordrake and his “devil twin” in profile (which has appeared in Internet postings since 2007) is unknown. Despite its “vintage” appearance, the image exhibits greater resolution and clarity than what is typically seen in photographic reproductions of the mid-to-late Victorian era (e.g., the 1889 photograph of Joseph Merrick published in the British Medical Journal). It appears, in fact, to be a retouched photo of a wax figure in the Panoptikum Wax Museum in Hamburg, Germany: A Case of Asymmetrical Conjoined Twins? There does exist a real medical condition, Craniopagus parasiticus, whose symptoms bear a very basic resemblance to those described in this case. It’s an extremely rare complication in conjoined twins wherein one of the pair is underdeveloped and less than fully functional (hence “parasitic”), and takes the form of a vestigial head attached to the cranium of the “autositic” (dominant) twin. According to a 2016 case report, there have only been ten or fewer recorded cases of Craniopagus parasiticus in history, “of which only three survived past birth and were documented in the literature.” Of those three, two died before the age of two, despite surgical attempts to save the life of the autositic twin. The third, known famously as the “two-headed boy of Bengal,” lived to be four years old and was reported to be in good health until he was bitten by a cobra and died. Most significantly, as regards the Edward Mordrake case, conjoined twins are by definition genetically identical, so they are always of the same sex. The “devil twin” described in that case was female, while the autositic twin was male (though it could be argued, of course, that the vestigial face was misidentified as female). That the “sneering” face had no audible voice comports with such information as we have on real cases of Craniopagus parasiticus, but the claims that it exhibited “every sign of intelligence” and taunted the poor man with “hateful whispers” do not. Accounts of the two-headed boy of Bengal said the vestigial face in that case could “grimace” and its eyes were observed moving, for example, but though there could have been some sort of rudimentary consciousness present there were no signs of intelligence. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Mordrake might have suffered instead from a congenital defect known as Diprosopus (or craniofacial duplication), in which facial features are duplicated to a greater or lesser extent on other areas of the head (in the rarest cases, the full face is duplicated). The mechanisms behind this deformity aren’t fully understood, although many researchers believe it to be another rare form of conjoined twinning. Although somewhat more common than Craniopagus parasiticus (with just under 50 instances documented since the mid-nineteenth century), Diprosopus has a similarly poor survival rate, with most cases ending in stillbirth. In short, although science does offer theoretical explanations for Mordrake’s condition, they are few and only marginally plausible. About Those “Lay Sources” Gould and Pyle reported in 1896 that the “well-known story of Edward Mordake” they quoted was taken from “lay sources” — plural — despite the fact that there was really only one. Science historian Alex Boese has traced the quoted text, verbatim, to a syndicated newspaper article written in 1895 by Charles Lotin Hildreth, a poet and author of speculative fiction: What all these “wonders of science” had in common, Boese points out, is that no mention of them is to be found in any previous sources. None. It appears, in other words, that Hildreth simply made them up. Albeit couched as nonfiction, the article was actually a work of speculative fiction in the spirit of other scientific hoaxes of the time, such as the infamous life-on-the-moon hoax of 1835 and the Cardiff Giant hoax of 1869. Boese concludes — convincingly, we find — that Edward Mordrake was the literary creation of Charles Lotin Hildreth. He never really existed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2017/11/edward-mordrake.jpg,https://www.memecenter.com/fun/2008989/edward-mordrake,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGci5Tlur9o,http://americanhorrorstory.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Mordrake,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=sowkAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josephmerrick1889.jpg,https://youtu.be/2yIeG4Ldp4M?t=66,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5134060/,https://web.archive.org/web/20080327214927/www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html,http://hoaxes.org/weblog/comments/edward_mordake,https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/moon-shot-race-a-hoax-and-the-birth-of-fake-news,https://www.livescience.com/55787-cardiff-giant.html","Edward Mordrake, the Man with Two Faces",medical anomalies,,,,, +13,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-16,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-largest-mushroom/,A photograph shows the world's largest mushroom.,2021-07-16,snopes,,"A pair of images supposedly showing the “world’s largest mushroom” in Oregon are frequently circulated on social media along with a piece of text describing the Armillaria ostoyae, or the honey mushroom. These images are frequently accompanied by a piece of text about honey mushrooms, such as this paragraph that went viral when it was posted to Facebook in May 2021: “Giant mushroom, Oregon ……… Armillaria ostoyae, commonly known as the honey mushroom, is bigger than most animals, and is considered the largest and oldest organism on Earth. The mushroom covers 3,726563 m 2 of Malheur National Forest, Oregon, and is estimated to be around 8,650 years old.” While Armillaria ostoyae is a real mushroom and is considered to be one of the largest and oldest organisms on earth, it is not pictured in these images. The above-displayed images are the result of photo manipulation.  The “largest mushroom in the world” may conjure up images similar to the giant individual mushrooms shown in these viral photographs. However, Armillaria ostoyae‘s impressive growth takes place across (and under) the ground, not up into the air. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) writes that this “humongous fungus” is spread out across thousands of acres of the Malheur National Forest. Since this is a single organism, it is considered to be the largest mushroom in the world, but photographs of this humongous fungus are not quite as impressive as the fake photos shown above. Here’s a genuine picture of Armillaria ostoyae from the USDA: The BBC explained: As for these digitally edited works of fantastical fungus, we’ve been able to track down the source of one of them. The image showing a group of people staring up at a humongous fungus was created circa 2000 by a fungal biology student at the University of California, Berkeley. This image was created as a joke by Dirk Redecker, who is now a microbiologist and curator for the International Bank for the Glomales (an order of symbiotic fungi) at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. We reached out to Redecker for comment and will update this article if more information becomes available.  When Waffles at Noon reached out to Tom Bruns, Professor Emeritus of Fungal Ecology at Berkeley, for more information about this photo, he identified the mushroom as “Boletus photoshopus” and noted that it was pictured in its natural habitat, the digital photo. Bruns elaborated on the origins of this image in an email to Snopes. Bruns told us that this fake image was made circa 2000 as a “fun lab portrait.” Bruns and his then-student Redecker used an image of a Boletus rex-veris, a mushroom that stands about 8 inches tall, to create the giant mushroom pictured in this image. Bruns said: We have not been able to source the second image. However, we can say with absolute certainty that it is not a genuine photo of a fantastically large fungus. In fact, the Malheur National Forest has commented on this fake photo, writing: “Every few months a new crazy giant mushroom image shows up on social media referring to the Humongous Fungus on the Malheur National Forest. While it is true the fungus is the largest living organism it looks nothing like this.”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/giant-mushrooms.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10220626239988363&set=a.3959974040203,https://web.archive.org/web/20190803005438/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_033146.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/worlds-largest-mushroom.jpg,http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world,http://science.redeckeria.org/monsterbolete1b.jpg,http://wafflesatnoon.com/debunking-the-worlds-largest-mushroom-photo/",The World’s Largest Mushroom Looks Nothing Like These Viral Images,,,,,, +14,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, +15,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, +16,,,,Correct Attribution,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-brady-election-white-house/,"Super Bowl-winning quarterback Tom Brady joked about election denial during a White House ceremony, saying: ""I think about 40 percent of people still don’t think we won .. You understand that, Mr. President?""",2021-07-20,snopes,,"On July 20, 2021, NFL quarterback Tom Brady and his Tampa Bay Buccaneers teammates visited President Joe Biden at the White House to celebrate their Super Bowl victory earlier in the year. The event was memorable for a few reasons. For one, it was the first time Brady visited the White House since 2005 (he didn’t attend the ceremonies for his Super Bowl victories during the tenures of former presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump). And two, Brady made a topical joke before presenting Biden with a jersey: “I think about forty percent of people still don’t think we won … ” This is a genuine quote from Brady.  Brady spoke for a few minutes before he gifted a Buccaneers jersey to Biden. The seven-time champion spoke about team work and unity and hard work, but he also managed to offer up a few humorous lines. At one point, Brady referenced the number of people who continue to believe the falsehood that Biden did not win the 2020 presidential election, comparing it to the people who are in still in disbelief about the Buccaneers victory. Later, Brady joked about how he was labeled “Sleepy Tom” after screwing up a play, an apparent reference to the “Sleepy Joe” nickname that former President Donald Trump bestowed on his political rival.  Below is a transcript of Brady’s remarks. The relevant passages are in bold: Here’s a video of Brady’s remarks:  Brady has won seven Super Bowl rings during his time in the NFL. While he’s made a few appearances at the White House, this is his first visit since 2005. Brady previously said that family commitments prevented him from attending the ceremonies held by former Presidents Obama and Trump.","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/patriots-white-house-attendance/,https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/sports/-new-england-patriots-visit-white-house-donald-trump.html",Did Tom Brady Joke About Election During White House Visit?,Sports,,,,, +17,,,,Originated as Satire,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-unvaccinated-camps/,"In 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden announced his intention to place in ""camps"" anyone not vaccinated against COVID-19 by 2022.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In the summer of 2021, social media users enthusiastically shared screenshots of an earlier, entirely inaccurate article that claimed President Joe Biden had announced his intention to place U.S. residents in “camps” if they failed to be vaccinated against COVID-19.  The headline, which was partially cut off in many cases, read: “[President Joe Biden] Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put in Camps,” and the first paragraph, visible in the screenshots, read: Many of those screenshots were taken from various widely shared Instagram and TikTok posts that themselves promoted the entirely false claim. The screenshot below shows just a selection of posts from Facebook in the summer of 2021 alone, demonstrating its popularity on that platform: In reality, Biden had made no such announcement, and the claim at the center of all those social media posts was entirely fabricated. In fact, the article in question was labelled “satire” by its original authors, and as such, we are issuing a rating of “Originated as Satire.” A significant irony exists in the fact that those chiefly responsible for spreading the false and inflammatory story belong to a movement — COVID-19, anti-vaccine and “New World Order” conspiracy theorists — which so vocally emphasizes the importance of “doing your own research.” In this case, just a few seconds of research would have revealed the true origins of the bogus “Covid camps” story, since the screenshots all included the name of the website that published the article — ValueWalk.com: On that site, those intrepid researchers would have found the article, originally posted on June 21, 2021: If they read to the end, they would also have found the following: “Disclaimer: This is a satirical article.” The original piece was published on June 17 by TheStonkMarket.com, a website that describes its output as satirical, as follows: “TheStonkMarket.com is a financial satire site.” The “Covid camps” episode illustrates vividly the ease with which purportedly satirical content can be stripped of labels identifying it as such and deployed as inflammatory, and even harmful misinformation, that readers, without the immediate benefit of those original disclaimers, take very seriously indeed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-65.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Horizontal-20.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Horizontal-21.png,https://archive.is/cS2Gt,https://archive.is/rVvIa,https://www.facebook.com/search/photos?q=%22Announces%20Americans%20Not%20Vaccinated%20Before%202022%22&sde=AbrfJMmWuFFQA3Ky3H_gHAI5YOGYARrs_r9mzWCyf3br0SfeobAATRBrNjilIsqXJwH3ydPhfBvpMjSxdnpjU8IubLH6rjBs-tfssrHRVIfPXY-qVrAsuorg87OcE8rfDHNMcW2KE0XoYZu38KnLWBf1QKJm7dOGwDiwldRf1JWqTg&filters=eyJycF9jcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lOjAiOiJ7XCJuYW1lXCI6XCJjcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lXCIsXCJhcmdzXCI6XCJ7XFxcInN0YXJ0X3llYXJcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxXFxcIixcXFwic3RhcnRfbW9udGhcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxLTFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfeWVhclxcXCI6XFxcIjIwMjFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfbW9udGhcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxLTEyXFxcIixcXFwic3RhcnRfZGF5XFxcIjpcXFwiMjAyMS0xLTFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfZGF5XFxcIjpcXFwiMjAyMS0xMi0zMVxcXCJ9XCJ9In0%3D,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-20-at-13.50.50.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-26.png,https://archive.is/ggzoz,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-66.png,https://archive.is/7CyeF,https://archive.is/rJQwc","No, Biden Did Not Say Unvaccinated Americans ‘Will Be Put in Camps’",,,,,, +18,,,,Mixture,Nur Ibrahim,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/homewood-suites-arizona-immigrants/,"A Homewood Suites hotel in Scottsdale, Arizona, has become an illegal safe house for housing “illegal” migrants.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In June 2021, hundreds of protesters and some counter-protesters gathered outside a former Homewood Suites hotel in Scottsdale, Arizona, demonstrating against its housing of families that were seeking asylum. The facility was reported to be operational since late May. Snopes readers shared right-wing media outlet Gateway Pundit’s post about the reported housing of asylum seekers with us. The post claimed that Homewood Suites in Scottsdale was operating as an “illegal immigrant safehouse.” The headline also stated, “Discovered: Migrant Safe House in Scottsdale, Arizona! – ICE and Gov. Agents provide 24/7 security and catering to Illegal Immigrants.” Many asked us if the operation of housing asylum seekers was illegal.  We looked into the circumstances surrounding the use of the facilities, and learned that while families are indeed being temporarily housed in a former Homewood Suites in Scottsdale, Arizona, this is legal, and the facility is no longer officially part of the Hilton hotel chain. Real estate investment trust Woodbridge Holdings, which owns the former hotel, signed a contract with the nonprofit group Endeavors to manage the space as a temporary holding facility for families seeking asylum until at least Sept. 30, 2021. It is not clear yet what will happen after the contract is up, though one report says Woodbridge Holdings is trying to sell the property. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in turn had contracted with Endeavors to manage the temporary housing. According to Endeavors, the former hotel in Scottsdale would house asylum-seeking families for no more than 72 hours. The nonprofit would connect the migrants with U.S. sponsors, and give them transportation to bus stations or airports so they could reach their final destination. While many online claimed that Homewood Suites in Scottsdale was housing the asylum seekers, this particular facility was no longer part of Hilton hotels, which is the larger entity Homewood Suites is associated with. A Hilton spokesperson told us: Woodbridge Hospitality has filed for bankruptcy, and since May 2020, has defaulted on mortgage payments. According to reporting from May 2021, the group has been trying to close a sale of the property with a company that wanted to convert it into an apartment complex. Woodbridge’s lawyers said in court that they expect the sale to be finalized by September.  An ICE spokesperson gave us the following statement: The contract with Endeavors uses around $86.9 million in funds, provides support through Sept. 30, and provides 1,239 beds for emergency temporary shelter and other basic needs in facilities across the southwest border for families seeking asylum. It is not clear how much of these funds are going to the facility in Scottsdale. While ICE reportedly will provide access to medical and mental healthcare, cleaning facilities, hygiene kits, clothing, meals, and individual rooms to allow for social distancing, this has not been independently verified.  Traci Gomez, Chief Development and Communications Officer at Endeavors told us that they had been working with the US government to provide assistance after a rapid influx of migrants at the southern border earlier this year. Gomez added that they had experience with “safely operating shelters in a hotel setting in the COVID environment.”  “The work we do is wholly guided by ICE. Migrant families are placed in hotels to test for COVID, quarantined as necessary as well as provided with complete immigration processing that could not be accomplished at overcrowded Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) facilities. Families are normally in hotel facilities for 2-3 days as they continue processing,” Gomez said.  Meanwhile, the city of Scottsdale also addressed the protests and the use of the facility in a statement on its official website: While details about all the families within the facility are not known, newly arrived families in the U.S. are within their legal rights to seek asylum. According to the UNHCR, non-U.S. citizens who are physically present or arrive in the country may apply for asylum.  Given that ICE, the city of Scottsdale, and numerous news reports have confirmed the operating of this temporary facility for asylum seekers, and it is no longer part of Homewood Suites, we rate this claim as a “Mixture.”","https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/news/temporary-immigration-facility-in-scottsdale,https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/06/discovered-migrant-safe-house-scottsdale-arizona-ice-gov-agents-provide-24-7-security-catering-illegal-immigrants/,https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://archive.li/ZrEIa#selection-465.63-465.109,https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://www.hilton.com/en/homewood/,https://archive.li/ZrEIa#selection-465.63-465.109,https://sam.gov/opp/344bbe2d8fdd48dd9a0d5c5cfe206cde/view?keywords=&sort=-modifiedDate&index=&is_active=true&page=1&date_filter_index=0&inactive_filter_values=false&organization_id=100012075,https://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/news/temporary-immigration-facility-in-scottsdale,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-86-million-hotels/,https://www.unhcr.org/591da86b4.pdf",Is an Arizona Hotel Being Used as an Illegal Safe House For ‘Illegal Immigrants’?,,,,,, +19,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, +20,,,,Unproven,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/siberian-bear-hunting-suit-armor/,"A widely shared photograph shows a 19th-century, Siberian bear-hunting suit.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In recent years, internet users and fans of historical curiosities have marveled at a bizarre, even sinister-looking costume covered head to toe in spikes, which is most commonly described as being a “Siberian bear-hunting suit from the 1800s.” Enthusiasts have repeatedly posted largely the same, distinctive black-and-white photograph of the outfit, to the popular online forum Reddit: in 2019; 2018; and 2014. The posts always refer to the object as a “Siberian bear-hunting suit” and largely date it to the 19th century, as shown in the example below: The remarkable photograph, and its description as a Siberian bear-hunting suit from the 19th century, enjoyed a boost online in 2012, after it was featured on the popular, and now defunct, website Retronaut: It has even inspired a song, entitled “Bear Hunting Armor,” which was released by the Prague-based indie band Ending, in 2018. The music video, whose imagery clearly borrows heavily from the now-famous photograph, can be watched below. The band itself described the song as having been “Inspired by a Siberian bear hunting armor from the 1800s.” In reality, conclusive evidence is not available as to the precise origins of the costume — its purpose, creation date, or the geographical and cultural milieu from which it emerged — although it is a real historical artifact and the widely shared photograph of it is authentic. Moreover, good reasons exist to doubt the accuracy of the “Siberian bear-hunting” explanation that has become popular. As such, we are issuing a rating of “Unproven.” If decisive evidence emerges, we will update this fact check accordingly. The picture in question appears to have been taken by Malcolm Kirk, a renowned New York-based photographer. In 2012, the Victorian Adventure Enthusiast blog wrote about the artifact, claiming to have confirmed with Kirk’s representatives that he did indeed take the photograph. As of July 2021, the suit itself was housed at the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas — a museum that contains the private art and artifact collection of the French-American de Menil family. The museum’s website features various photographs of the costume, which is on display as part of the “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision” exhibit: The Menil Collection describes the exhibit, which first opened in 1999, as follows: So we know the suit is real, who owns it, and where it has been on display for the past 20 years, and we know that the widely shared photograph of it is authentic, as well as the name of the photographer who captured it. However, the precise origins of the costume remain elusive.  In her 2014 master’s thesis, available in full here, Kristen Strange at Arizona State University wrote at length, and in considerable detail, about “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision.” As part of her research, she examined records relating to the acquisition of the costume, which was also frequently referred to as “Wildman,” as well as correspondence involving Dominique de Menil, a co-founder of the museum along with her husband, John; their daughter, Adelaide de Menil; and Edmund Carpenter, Adelaide’s husband and an American anthropologist who initially curated the exhibit. Despite her extensive examination of those documents and records, Strange found no evidence to definitively pin down the exact origins of the suit, but did discover some interesting background information, and clues that the outfit might actually have originated in 18th or 19th century Germany or Switzerland, rather than 19th century Russia. She wrote: While the true origins of The Wildman remain uncertain, it appears that it was being described as a bear-hunting suit as early as 1998, and possibly before that. In November of that year, the renowned conservator Barbara Appelbaum wrote an email to her colleagues at the Global Conservation Forum, looking for advice on the use of Beva, a specialist adhesive popular among conservators.  In her email, she described the artifact she was working on at that time in terms that strongly suggest it was The Wildman, especially since her email came just months before the “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision” exhibit first opened at the Menil Collection. However, it should be noted that in her email, Appelbaum cast doubt on the “bear-hunting” description of the item:","https://archive.is/6UHzs,https://archive.is/7Xmz9,https://archive.is/xAGZv,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-64.png,https://archive.is/wcQlE,https://web.archive.org/web/20120724085816/http://www.retronaut.co/2012/07/siberian-bear-hunting-armour-c-1800s/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-25.png,https://archive.is/5EZbn,https://web.archive.org/web/20120827205358/http://malcolmkirk.com/site/about,https://archive.is/lM8ti,https://archive.is/3xTGT,https://archive.is/DL5tU,https://web.archive.org/web/20161212233610/https://www.menil.org/collection/5137-witnesses,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-20-at-12.20.00.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720164019/https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/134945/content/Strange_asu_0010N_13845.pdf,https://archive.is/IxuzG,https://web.archive.org/web/20210713074650/https://cool.culturalheritage.org/byform/mailing-lists/cdl/1998/1372.html",Is This Bizarre Costume a ‘Siberian Bear-Hunting Suit’?,,,,,, +21,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/80-million-year-old-shark/,A video shows an 80-million-year-old shark that was discovered in Japan.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"In July 2021, a video was circulated on social media that supposedly showed an 80-million-year-old shark discovered off the coast of Japan: This is a genuine video of a frilled shark or Chlamydoselachus anguineus. However, the wording of this caption left some people with the wrong impression of this shark’s age.  This shark is not 80 million years old. Not even close. While the exact lifespan of a frilled shark is unknown (these sharks are difficult to study as they live some 2,000 feet below the ocean’s surface), one estimate holds that this species lives for about 25 years.  So why the huge discrepancy? The 80 million figure refers to how long this species’ ancestors, not this individual shark, have been swimming in Earth’s deep waters. The frilled shark is often referred to as a “living fossil” because its lineage can be traced back more than 80 million years. National Geographic explained: While today’s frilled sharks resemble the fossils of their 80 million-year-old ancestors, the Smithsonian Institution’s Ocean Initiative writes that they aren’t entirely identical: The above-displayed video was taken in 2007 off the coast of Japan by a staff member of the Awashima Marine Park. This “living fossil” was about 5 feet long and died shortly after it was caught. Reuters reported at the time: Here’s a video report about the 2007 sighting: See also from Snopes:","https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shark-japan/japanese-marine-park-captures-rare-shark-on-film-idUST9810720070124,https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chlamydoselachus_anguineus/,https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/prehistoric-frilled-shark-bycatch-deep-sea-spd,https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/sharks,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shark-japan/japanese-marine-park-captures-rare-shark-on-film-idUST9810720070124",Is This an 80-Million-Year-Old Shark?,,,,,, +22,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/canadians-peanut-butter/,A photograph shows how peanut butter is sold in Canada — in plastic wrap packaging.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"In July 2021, American social media users started mocking their Canadian counterparts over a photograph that supposedly showed how the United States’ northern neighbors purchased their peanut butter.  This is a genuine photograph of a slab of loose peanut butter being sold in plastic wrap packaging, but this picture did not originate in Canada.  The above-displayed image is a cropped version of a photograph that has been circulating on social media since at least May 2021. At the time, it was going viral as if it showed how peanut butter was being sold in Ohio.  The origins of this peanut butter packaging was again mislabeled. So where does this photograph come from? It was originally posted on May 28, 2021, by Facebook user Dane Moses Greaves, who identifies as being from from Trinidad and Tobago. The original post also added some context. Greaves writes that a friend reported he sold loose peanut butter at a grocery store in that country in the Arima region. This seemed implausible to Greaves, so the friend sent a photograph to prove it was real: While many people may be used to buying peanut butter by the jar, selling loose peanut butter by weight isn’t unprecedented. Grocery stores used to sell the item by the pound. A grocery store in Pennsylvania sold it for 20 cents a pound in 1919. While it’s not as common today, loose peanut butter can still be purchased by weight in some parts of the world. [See also this fact check where we debunked a viral post claiming “three reasons you should stop eating peanut butter cups” or this fact check where we investigated a rumor alleging peanut butter can diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease.]","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/peanut-butter.jpg,https://twitter.com/seattlesloth_/status/1398800150714269696?lang=en,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/peanut-butter-packaging-meme.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/dane.greaves/posts/10158098585545777,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81819484/",Do Canadians Buy Loose Peanut Butter in Plastic Wrap Packaging?,food,,,,, +23,,,,True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/is-this-glass-octopus-real/,A viral video captured by the Schmidt Ocean Institute in July 2021 showed a rare glass octopus so named for its nearly completely transparent body.,2021-07-19,snopes,,"Completely translucent but for a few specks of yellow-hued organs, a rare glass octopus made its debut on a live recording captured by scientists aboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor in July 2021. And after footage of the glass octopus went viral online, the exploration agency took to social media on July 10 to “clear up” facts about the deep-sea animal. Spotted at a depth of over 2,100 feet at an underwater mountain known as a Seamount, relatively little is known about the species known scientifically as Vitreledonella richardi. This is in large part due to its deep marine home — most of what is known about V. richardi has been deduced by specimens found in the stomachs of its predators. Very few records exist and until now, there has been limited footage of the glass octopus. “The Ocean holds wonders and promises we haven’t even imagined, much less discovered,” said Wendy Schmidt, co-founder of Schmidt Ocean Institute, in a news release. “Expeditions like these teach us why we need to increase our efforts to restore and better understand marine ecosystems everywhere — because the great chain of life that begins in the ocean is critical for human health and wellbeing.” The footage was captured by E/V Falkor, a research vessel operated by the Schmidt Ocean Institute that conducts mapping surveys, collects live video footage, and conducts experiments to better understand the marine world. The vessel was exploring the Winslow reef complex on Tokelau Ridge in Phoenix Islands Archipelago, a remote region in the South Pacific about halfway between Hawaii and Fiji. This group of eight atolls and two submerged coral reefs encompasses a protected area that measures about the size of California and is rife with a diversity of marine life. Among the many species captured on live video were two sightings of glass octopuses, which the World Register of Marine Species noted was first described by Parisian marine biologist Louis Joubin in 1918. The pelagic octopus swims through the ocean far above the seafloor and is thought to be one of the least studied cephalopods, largely because the animal is so elusive, according to a 2016 study published in the journal Marine Biodiversity Records. So named for its nearly transparent body, the only features of the octopus that are not clear are the optic nerve, eyeballs, and digestive tract. Additionally, cells known as chromatophores use pigmentation to create color for camouflage and can be seen in the video in the form of yellow dots throughout the web and arms of the animal.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature classified the glass octopus as a species of “least concern.” With a mantle that can reach up to 4.3 inches for a total length of about 18 inches from tip to arm, the deep-sea cephalopod is also characterized by its elongated eyes that look rectangular from one side. With a lens at one end and a retina on the other, this unique eyeball makeup paired with its transparent body cast a small shadow to predators below. “Working with scientists and local researchers, this expedition is a remarkable example of the frontiers of science and exploration that we are able to support,” said Jyotika Virmani, executive director of Schmidt Ocean Institute. “Live-streaming the dives gives us a glimpse of rarely seen and fascinating creatures such as the transparent glass octopus. By providing this platform to further the understanding of our ocean, we trigger the imagination while helping to push forward scientific insights and the protection of our underwater world.”","///Users/madisondapcevich_snopes/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/200987851942761,https://schmidtocean.org/scientists-explore-seamounts-in-phoenix-islands-archipelago-gaining-new-insights-into-deep-water-diversity-and-ecology/,http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141962#sources,https://mbr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41200-016-0041-6,https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cephalopod-camouflage-cells-and-organs-of-the-144048968/,https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162988/961420",Is This Glass Octopus Real?,,,,,, +24,,,,Mixture,Jordan Liles,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/i-am-your-father-1980-reaction/,"A video posted online includes sound that was recorded inside a movie theater in 1980 during the pivotal ""I am your father"" scene from ""The Empire Strikes Back.""",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On Jan. 3, 2020, a YouTube video was uploaded that purported to show a movie theater’s 1980 audience reaction to Darth Vader‘s pivotal “I am your father” line of dialogue from “Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back.” The video title read: “‘I am your Father’ – Cinema Reaction (1980).” The description claimed that it was “found in Goodwill in January 2017.” As of July 2021, the viral video was nearing 10 million views and had likely been played millions of more times after being reposted elsewhere. The only problem: The sound was fake.  The “I am your father” audio was not from a 1980 audience reaction to the scene. Further, it appeared that a mention of “Luke” had been added into the scene between “no” and “I am your father.” The sound of audience members gasping and saying “no!” appeared to be captured in a movie theater during an important and spoiler-filled scene near the end of 2018’s “Avengers: Infinity War.” The same reaction heard in the doctored video above at the 0:57 mark can be listened to in the video below beginning at the 25:40 point:  The misleading “Star Wars” video has also been endlessly reposted on TikTok, earning an unknown number of total views. Unfortunately, the doctored and very viral video overshadowed a real recording from the film’s initial release. It was captured on audio cassettes inside a movie theater in 1980. That genuine recording was combined with video of the “I am your father” scene, and begins at the 4:10 mark in the video below:  The video only had 29,000 views, around 310 times less than the fake clip. The real audience reaction seemed to feature silence and shock at Darth Vader‘s famous line, perhaps with audience members not knowing if he was telling Luke Skywalker the truth. The 1980 audio cassette recording was first posted in 2011 by the user morgands1 on the website originaltrilogy.com, who also purportedly recorded audio of an audience reacting to 1977’s “Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope“: As previously mentioned, there also appeared to be a real audio recording from a 1977 screening of “Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.”  YouTube user William Forsche posted the audio in 2013. The audio recording captured his mother’s reaction as well. “Hearing her laugh (@ 0:42 & @ 2:54) and cheer with me and the rest of the audience is absolutely priceless to me,” Forsche said. Perhaps the most priceless moments of Forsche’s recording came when Han Solo swooped in to save the day and also at the end of the clip when moviegoers could be heard walking to their cars after the movie ended. Forsche said: “You can also hear me making laser beam sounds at the end of this recording, because ‘Star Wars’ got me all fired up!” As for the rumor about “The Empire Strikes Back,” in sum, the viral video that claimed to feature a 1980 cinema audience reacting loudly to “I am your father” was fake. However, a real audio recording from 1980 really does exist, but the audience was quiet, not vocal, after Darth Vader‘s pivotal line of dialogue.","https://www.snopes.com/ap/2020/11/29/dave-prowse-actor-who-played-darth-vader-dies-at-85/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2018/07/31/draft-poster-empire-strikes-back-sells-26400/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/goodwill-executives-arrested/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZCo_hZLyh0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disney-trademark-norse-gods/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DzVIafBMpE&t=1536s,https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/07/star-wars-proposal-trailer-video/,https://www.tiktok.com/@beaaannnnzzzzz/video/6986442752363957510,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMGnKhxhTWg&t=245s,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vatican-nativity/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2020/01/13/arizona-store-gives-star-wars-record-back-to-mark-hamill/,https://originaltrilogy.com/topic/ESB-70mm-Soundtrack-1980-in-theatre-recording-Released/id/12501,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxBafn2t5v4,https://www.snopes.com/articles/347898/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-easter-eggs/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxBafn2t5v4,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/billy-dee-williams-mark-hamill/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMGnKhxhTWg&t=245s,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/james-earl-jones-star-wars-london-segregation/","The ‘I Am Your Father’ 1980 Audience Reaction Video Is Fake, But We Found a Real One","Entertainment, Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back",,,,, +25,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, +26,,,,False,Bethania Palma,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/jetblue-pilots-die-covid/,Five JetBlue pilots died as the result of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.,2021-07-19,snopes,,"In mid-July 2021, Stew Peters, a conservative internet talk show host who has a track record for spreading COVID-19 vaccine misinformation, used his show on the video platform Rumble to spread more COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. Snopes readers emailed us asking about a post seen on Facebook from a Qanon conspiracy theory website containing the headline, “VIDEO: HORRIFIC! – FIVE Jet Blue Airlines Pilots DEAD, Media Intentionally Hiding Vaxx Fears.” The post contained a link to Peters’ show. During that July 16 show, Peters and his guest Dr. Jane Ruby (who is not a medical doctor) claimed that five JetBlue pilots died as a result of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine shot. But oddly Ruby also admitted she didn’t know whether any of the pilots mentioned even received the shot. (We added bold text to the key portion of the quote below): Ruby then goes on to name five JetBlue employees who died between February and May of 2021. JetBlue has about 20,000 employees. In company marketing materials, JetBlue said it encouraged employees to get vaccinated and that the “majority” of crew members had received the vaccine. In obituaries found online for the JetBlue employees named by Ruby, two mentioned the cause of death. In those cases, the deaths had nothing to do with COVID-19 or the vaccine. One pilot died in a UTV accident. Another died of cancer. In a statement emailed to Snopes, JetBlue acknowledged that four pilots died in 2021. One employee named by Ruby wasn’t a pilot, but an inflight crew member. The company called the video an effort to intentionally mislead the public: The claim that five JetBlue “pilots” died from the vaccine echoes a similar claim about British Airways. That claim was also false and used the same method of apparently trawling the internet for people from the same airline company who died in prior months, then claiming without evidence they died from the vaccine. Peters and Ruby had previously taken to the show to claim that the vaccines were injected magnets into people, a claim that spectacularly backfired in an attempted live demonstration that went viral: We are rating this claim “False” because it comes from an unreliable source with a track record for spreading misinformation, and by the source’s own admission, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim. We also note that the evidence that is available — namely the cause of death in two of the five cases — directly contradicts the claim.","https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9E94UF-1,https://archive.is/Ec2Hu,https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/08/21/qanon-2020-election/,https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-jane-ruby-49971411/,https://www.jetblue.com/safety,https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/kinston/name/alan-herring-obituary?pid=198826353,https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/04/obituarybenjamin-c-ingraham/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/british-airways-pilots-died-covid-vax/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/magnets-covid-vaccine/","No, 5 JetBlue Pilots Didn’t Die From the COVID-19 Vaccine","COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccine",,,,, +27,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, +28,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, +29,,,,False,David Emery,2017-11-14,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/david-emery/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/edward-mordrake/,"A nineteenth-century British man named Edward Mordrake (also spelled ""Mordake"") was born with a rare medical condition in the form of a extra face on the back of his head.",2017-11-14,snopes,,"One of the more interesting historical nuggets to cross our transom in recent years is the claim that a certain English gentleman of the nineteenth century named Edward Mordrake (or “Edward Mordake,” according to older sources) was born with a bizarre medical condition so troubling that it drove him to suicide: Albeit popularized in the 2000s via memes, songs, and TV shows, the Edward Mordrake story isn’t of recent origin, having aroused the morbid interests of Victorian readers more than a century ago in Gould and Pyle’s Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine, first published in 1896. This is how the authors of that hefty volume recounted it: Despite the credulous reception the story has frequently received, there are plenty of reasons to be skeptical. For one, the entire passage about Edward Mordrake was quoted from what the authors describe as “lay sources” (more about which later), which sets it apart from other entries (such as their account of the life of Joseph Merrick, the “Elephant Man”) drawn from actual medical case histories. For another, it is heavy on melodrama (e.g., “he was kept from his rest at night by the hateful whispers of his ‘devil twin,’ as he called it”), while giving only the slightest nod to science (apart from applying the now-antiquated medical classification “bicephalic monsters,” there is really no scientific verbiage at all). And although it purports to cite two attending physicians, “Manvers and Treadwell,” a critique of the entry in the 1906 edition of The Theosophical Review reported that the names appeared nowhere in the Dict. of National Biography (a Victorian-era Who’s Who). The origin of the black-and-white photograph purporting to show Edward Mordrake and his “devil twin” in profile (which has appeared in Internet postings since 2007) is unknown. Despite its “vintage” appearance, the image exhibits greater resolution and clarity than what is typically seen in photographic reproductions of the mid-to-late Victorian era (e.g., the 1889 photograph of Joseph Merrick published in the British Medical Journal). It appears, in fact, to be a retouched photo of a wax figure in the Panoptikum Wax Museum in Hamburg, Germany: A Case of Asymmetrical Conjoined Twins? There does exist a real medical condition, Craniopagus parasiticus, whose symptoms bear a very basic resemblance to those described in this case. It’s an extremely rare complication in conjoined twins wherein one of the pair is underdeveloped and less than fully functional (hence “parasitic”), and takes the form of a vestigial head attached to the cranium of the “autositic” (dominant) twin. According to a 2016 case report, there have only been ten or fewer recorded cases of Craniopagus parasiticus in history, “of which only three survived past birth and were documented in the literature.” Of those three, two died before the age of two, despite surgical attempts to save the life of the autositic twin. The third, known famously as the “two-headed boy of Bengal,” lived to be four years old and was reported to be in good health until he was bitten by a cobra and died. Most significantly, as regards the Edward Mordrake case, conjoined twins are by definition genetically identical, so they are always of the same sex. The “devil twin” described in that case was female, while the autositic twin was male (though it could be argued, of course, that the vestigial face was misidentified as female). That the “sneering” face had no audible voice comports with such information as we have on real cases of Craniopagus parasiticus, but the claims that it exhibited “every sign of intelligence” and taunted the poor man with “hateful whispers” do not. Accounts of the two-headed boy of Bengal said the vestigial face in that case could “grimace” and its eyes were observed moving, for example, but though there could have been some sort of rudimentary consciousness present there were no signs of intelligence. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Mordrake might have suffered instead from a congenital defect known as Diprosopus (or craniofacial duplication), in which facial features are duplicated to a greater or lesser extent on other areas of the head (in the rarest cases, the full face is duplicated). The mechanisms behind this deformity aren’t fully understood, although many researchers believe it to be another rare form of conjoined twinning. Although somewhat more common than Craniopagus parasiticus (with just under 50 instances documented since the mid-nineteenth century), Diprosopus has a similarly poor survival rate, with most cases ending in stillbirth. In short, although science does offer theoretical explanations for Mordrake’s condition, they are few and only marginally plausible. About Those “Lay Sources” Gould and Pyle reported in 1896 that the “well-known story of Edward Mordake” they quoted was taken from “lay sources” — plural — despite the fact that there was really only one. Science historian Alex Boese has traced the quoted text, verbatim, to a syndicated newspaper article written in 1895 by Charles Lotin Hildreth, a poet and author of speculative fiction: What all these “wonders of science” had in common, Boese points out, is that no mention of them is to be found in any previous sources. None. It appears, in other words, that Hildreth simply made them up. Albeit couched as nonfiction, the article was actually a work of speculative fiction in the spirit of other scientific hoaxes of the time, such as the infamous life-on-the-moon hoax of 1835 and the Cardiff Giant hoax of 1869. Boese concludes — convincingly, we find — that Edward Mordrake was the literary creation of Charles Lotin Hildreth. He never really existed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2017/11/edward-mordrake.jpg,https://www.memecenter.com/fun/2008989/edward-mordrake,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGci5Tlur9o,http://americanhorrorstory.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Mordrake,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=sowkAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josephmerrick1889.jpg,https://youtu.be/2yIeG4Ldp4M?t=66,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5134060/,https://web.archive.org/web/20080327214927/www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html,http://hoaxes.org/weblog/comments/edward_mordake,https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/moon-shot-race-a-hoax-and-the-birth-of-fake-news,https://www.livescience.com/55787-cardiff-giant.html","Edward Mordrake, the Man with Two Faces",medical anomalies,,,,, +30,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-16,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-largest-mushroom/,A photograph shows the world's largest mushroom.,2021-07-16,snopes,,"A pair of images supposedly showing the “world’s largest mushroom” in Oregon are frequently circulated on social media along with a piece of text describing the Armillaria ostoyae, or the honey mushroom. These images are frequently accompanied by a piece of text about honey mushrooms, such as this paragraph that went viral when it was posted to Facebook in May 2021: “Giant mushroom, Oregon ……… Armillaria ostoyae, commonly known as the honey mushroom, is bigger than most animals, and is considered the largest and oldest organism on Earth. The mushroom covers 3,726563 m 2 of Malheur National Forest, Oregon, and is estimated to be around 8,650 years old.” While Armillaria ostoyae is a real mushroom and is considered to be one of the largest and oldest organisms on earth, it is not pictured in these images. The above-displayed images are the result of photo manipulation.  The “largest mushroom in the world” may conjure up images similar to the giant individual mushrooms shown in these viral photographs. However, Armillaria ostoyae‘s impressive growth takes place across (and under) the ground, not up into the air. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) writes that this “humongous fungus” is spread out across thousands of acres of the Malheur National Forest. Since this is a single organism, it is considered to be the largest mushroom in the world, but photographs of this humongous fungus are not quite as impressive as the fake photos shown above. Here’s a genuine picture of Armillaria ostoyae from the USDA: The BBC explained: As for these digitally edited works of fantastical fungus, we’ve been able to track down the source of one of them. The image showing a group of people staring up at a humongous fungus was created circa 2000 by a fungal biology student at the University of California, Berkeley. This image was created as a joke by Dirk Redecker, who is now a microbiologist and curator for the International Bank for the Glomales (an order of symbiotic fungi) at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. We reached out to Redecker for comment and will update this article if more information becomes available.  When Waffles at Noon reached out to Tom Bruns, Professor Emeritus of Fungal Ecology at Berkeley, for more information about this photo, he identified the mushroom as “Boletus photoshopus” and noted that it was pictured in its natural habitat, the digital photo. Bruns elaborated on the origins of this image in an email to Snopes. Bruns told us that this fake image was made circa 2000 as a “fun lab portrait.” Bruns and his then-student Redecker used an image of a Boletus rex-veris, a mushroom that stands about 8 inches tall, to create the giant mushroom pictured in this image. Bruns said: We have not been able to source the second image. However, we can say with absolute certainty that it is not a genuine photo of a fantastically large fungus. In fact, the Malheur National Forest has commented on this fake photo, writing: “Every few months a new crazy giant mushroom image shows up on social media referring to the Humongous Fungus on the Malheur National Forest. While it is true the fungus is the largest living organism it looks nothing like this.”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/giant-mushrooms.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10220626239988363&set=a.3959974040203,https://web.archive.org/web/20190803005438/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_033146.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/worlds-largest-mushroom.jpg,http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world,http://science.redeckeria.org/monsterbolete1b.jpg,http://wafflesatnoon.com/debunking-the-worlds-largest-mushroom-photo/",The World’s Largest Mushroom Looks Nothing Like These Viral Images,,,,,, +31,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, +32,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, From b461465153a28add59881f3168c8649947bf857e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Thu, 22 Jul 2021 11:56:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/13] #15 ignore local development file + update retrieve_listing_page_urls + Access problem still exist https://github.com/claimskg/claimskg-extractor/issues/5#issuecomment-884788590 --- .gitignore | 1 + claim_extractor/extractors/euvsdisinfo.py | 46 +++++++++++++++++++---- 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 21d5bcb..01da0c4 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ AapFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log FatabyyanoFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log VishvasnewsFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log SnopesFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +EuvsdisinfoFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log output_dev_fatabyyano.csv output_dev_vishvasnews.csv output_dev_aap.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/euvsdisinfo.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/euvsdisinfo.py index 74165e9..10d0c14 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/euvsdisinfo.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/euvsdisinfo.py @@ -14,12 +14,33 @@ class EuvsdisinfoFactCheckingSiteExtractor(FactCheckingSiteExtractor): def retrieve_listing_page_urls(self) -> List[str]: - data = caching.get('https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases') - soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'html.parser') - nb = self.find_page_count(soup) links = [] - for x in range(0, int(nb/10)): - links.append('https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/?offset='+str(x*10)) + different_categories_value = ["disinformation-cases"] + url_begins = [ + "https://euvsdisinfo.eu/", + "https://euvsdisinfo.eu/ru/", + "https://euvsdisinfo.eu/it/", + "https://euvsdisinfo.eu/es/", + "https://euvsdisinfo.eu/fr/", + "https://euvsdisinfo.eu/de/"] + + + for url in url_begins: + for value in different_categories_value: + #different_urls.append(url + value + "/") + # data = caching.get(f""+ url + value + "/") + data = caching.get("https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/", headers=self.headers, timeout=15) + soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'html.parser') + nb = self.find_page_count(soup) + for x in range(0, int(nb/10)): + links.append(url + value + '/?offset=' + str(x*10)) + + # data = caching.get('https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases') + # soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'html.parser') + # nb = self.find_page_count(soup) + # links = [] + # for x in range(0, int(nb/10)): + # links.append('https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/?offset='+str(x*10)) return links def find_page_count(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup) -> int: @@ -30,10 +51,19 @@ def find_page_count(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup) -> int: def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: str, number_of_pages: int) -> Set[str]: urls = [] + tmp_counter = 0 elems = parsed_listing_page.findAll('div', {'class':'disinfo-db-post'}) - for elem in elems: - url = elem.find('a') - urls.append(url['href']) + + if self.configuration.maxClaims >= 1: + for elem in elems: + if tmp_counter < self.configuration.maxClaims: + tmp_counter += 1 + url = elem.find('a') + urls.append(url['href']) + else: + for elem in elems: + url = elem.find('a') + urls.append(url['href']) return urls def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: str) -> List[Claim]: From 9b15af2a7ee4996275ead94c6cabe9203ecc76a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Thu, 22 Jul 2021 19:01:40 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/13] #15 ignore local development file + update sample file + fix politifact extractor --- .gitignore | 2 + claim_extractor/extractors/politifact.py | 107 +++++++++++++++++++---- output_got.csv | 63 +++++++------ output_sample_politifact.csv | 31 +++++++ 4 files changed, 151 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-) create mode 100644 output_sample_politifact.csv diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 01da0c4..670817b 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ FatabyyanoFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log VishvasnewsFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log SnopesFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log EuvsdisinfoFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +PolitifactFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log output_dev_fatabyyano.csv output_dev_vishvasnews.csv output_dev_aap.csv output_dev_fullfact.csv output_dev_snopes.csv +output_dev_politifact.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/politifact.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/politifact.py index 9f6ae57..0ffa9b4 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/politifact.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/politifact.py @@ -27,14 +27,24 @@ def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: st -> List[str]: urls = self.extract_urls(parsed_listing_page) page_number = 2 - while True: + while True and ((page_number*30) <= self.configuration.maxClaims): url = listing_page_url + "?page=" + str(page_number) page = caching.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=5) - if not page: + if page is not None: + current_parsed_listing_page = BeautifulSoup(page, "lxml") + else: break - current_parsed_listing_page = BeautifulSoup(page, "lxml") - urls += self.extract_urls(current_parsed_listing_page) - return urls + + nav_buttons = current_parsed_listing_page.find_all("section", attrs={'class': 't-row'}) + nav_buttons = nav_buttons[-1].find_all("li", attrs={'class': 'm-list__item'}) + + if len(nav_buttons) == 1: + break + else: + urls += self.extract_urls(current_parsed_listing_page) + page_number += 1 + #print("\rr: " + url) + return urls def extract_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup): urls = list() @@ -54,16 +64,17 @@ def extract_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup): def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: str) -> List[Claim]: claim = Claim() claim.set_url(url) - claim.set_source("politifact") + #print("\r" + url) + claim.set_source("politifact") # Claim title = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "m-statement__quote"}) - claim.set_claim(title.text) + claim.set_claim(title.text.strip()) # title title = parsed_claim_review_page.find("h2", {"class": "c-title"}) - claim.set_title(title.text) + claim.set_title(title.text.strip()) # date date = parsed_claim_review_page.find('span', {"class": "m-author__date"}) @@ -72,24 +83,69 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: claim.set_date(date_str) # rating + # https://static.politifact.com/politifact/rulings/meter-mostly-false.jpg statement_body=parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class", "m-statement__body"}) statement_detail = statement_body.find("div", {"class", "c-image"}) statement_detail_image=statement_detail.find("picture") statement_detail_image_alt=statement_detail_image.find("img",{"class", "c-image__original"}) if statement_detail_image_alt: - claim.alternate_name = statement_detail_image_alt['alt'] + #claim.alternate_name = statement_detail_image_alt['src'].split("rulings/")[1].split(".jpg")[0] + if self.translate_rating_value(statement_detail_image_alt['alt']) != "": + claim.rating = self.translate_rating_value(statement_detail_image_alt['alt']) + else: + claim.rating = statement_detail_image_alt['alt'] # body body = parsed_claim_review_page.find("article", {"class": "m-textblock"}) - claim.set_body(body.get_text()) + #body.find("div", {"class": "artembed"}).decompose() + #claim.set_body(body.get_text()) + + + + + + text ="" + if parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'main > section > div.t-row__center > article.m-textblock' ): + for child in parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'main > section > div.t-row__center > article.m-textblock' ): + for element in child.contents: + if (element.name == "div"): + valid = True + # check for illegal JS element in artembed (tag): + if (hasattr( element, 'class' )): + try: + if ('class' in element.attrs): + if (element.attrs['class'][0] == "artembed"): + if (element.text.startswith("\r\nwindow.gciAnalyticsUAID")): + valid = False + except KeyError: + print("KeyError: Skip") + else: + valid = True + if hasattr( element, 'text' ): + #if (element.text == "We rate this claim False." and url == "https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/"): + if (url == "https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/"): + print("\r" + str(element.text)) + if (valid == True): + if (element): + if (hasattr( element, 'text' )): + text += " " + str(element.text) + else: + text += " " + str(element) + + body_description = text.strip() + claim.body = str(body_description).strip() # author - statement_meta = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "m-statement__meta"}) - if statement_meta: - author = statement_meta.find("a").text + author_meta = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "m-author__content"}) + if author_meta: + author = author_meta.find("a").text claim.set_author(author) + author_url = author_meta.find("a") + if author_url.attrs["href"] != "": + claim.author_url = "https://www.politifact.com" + author_url.attrs["href"] # date published + statement_meta = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "m-statement__meta"}) if statement_meta: meta_text = statement_meta.text if "on" in meta_text: @@ -100,13 +156,16 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: date = search_dates(meta_text) if date: date = date[0][1].strftime("%Y-%m-%d") - claim.setDatePublished(date) + claim.date = date # related links div_tag = parsed_claim_review_page.find("article", {"class": "m-textblock"}) related_links = [] for link in body.find_all('a', href=True): - related_links.append(link['href']) + if (link['href'][0] == "/"): + related_links.append("https://www.politifact.com" + link['href']) + else: + related_links.append(link['href']) claim.set_refered_links(related_links) claim.set_claim(parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "m-statement__quote"}).text.strip()) @@ -129,7 +188,17 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: return [claim] - - - - + def translate_rating_value(self, initial_rating_value: str) -> str: + dictionary = { + "true": "True", + "mostly-true": "Mostly True", + "half-true": "Half False", + "barely-true": "Mostly False", + "false": "False", + "pants-fire": "Pants on Fire" + } + + if initial_rating_value in dictionary: + return dictionary[initial_rating_value] + else: + return "" diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index b4e9e7e..1299fd5 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,34 +1,31 @@ ,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,True,Jordan Liles,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-parent-trap-october-11/,"Lisa Ann Walter, the actress who played Chessy the nanny in the 1998 film ""The Parent Trap,"" had identical twins on October 11, the same birthday as the film's fictional identical twins Annie and Hallie, played by Lindsay Lohan.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"On July 20, 2021, a new TikTok video revealed an interesting detail about a beloved 1990s movie. The video from Madison Murphy (@badbroad) said that October 11 has a special significance in the history of the 1998 Lindsay Lohan movie, “The Parent Trap.” “I don’t know who else to tell this to, so I just need you guys to listen up,” Murphy said. “All right, so we all know our Lord and Savior Chessy from ‘The Parent Trap.’ She’s played by a lady named Lisa Ann Walter. So, three years after ‘The Parent Trap’ came out, in 2001, she gave birth to twins. Not only that, but she gave birth to twins on October 11.” This led commenters to ask about the significance of the date. One person asked: “Am I the only one wondering what’s significant about October 11?” Another commenter answered: “The twin girls from the movie she’s referencing were born on October 11.” This was all true. According to the film’s script, Annie James and Hallie Parker, portrayed by actress Lindsay Lohan, were indeed born on October 11. The only thing unclear was if Walter’s twins were born in 2000 or 2001. Wikipedia, which can be edited by just about anyone, said 2001. However, the real year may have been 2000. We were able to confirm the October 11 date with a tweet from Walter’s verified Twitter account, where she said that the twins were born two years after the film’s 1998 release. In the past, Walter posted on Instagram in celebration of her twins’ birthdays. Their names are Simon and Spencer. Commenters responded to the October 11 revelation with “OMFG” and “Jesus, who knows that much about the f—ing ‘Parent Trap’ remake.” Someone responded to the latter comment, saying: “People who grew up with the movie, obviously.” “The Parent Trap” starred Dennis Quaid, the late Natasha Richardson, and Lindsay Lohan. The film’s plot was described as follows: In sum, it was true that October 11 had a special significance for both the fictional twins’ birthdays in “The Parent Trap” and Walter, who gave birth to twins in real life on the same month and day.","https://www.snopes.com/tag/tiktok-rumors/,https://www.awesomefilm.com/script/The-Parent-Trap.html,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Ann_Walter,https://twitter.com/LisaAnnWalter/status/891733278058622977,https://www.instagram.com/p/8uc8epB91f/",The Rumor About ‘The Parent Trap’ and October 11 Is True,Entertainment,,,,, -1,,,,True,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/beach-handball-uniforms-photo/,A photograph shared widely in July 2021 accurately and fairly represented the discrepancies in men's and women's beach handball uniform requirements.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"In the summer of 2021, Norway’s women’s beach handball team reignited a controversy over glaring gender discrepancies in the uniform requirements of various sports, including their own.  The rules of the sport require women to wear “bikini bottoms” with a “close fit” along with a “midriff design” top, while their male counterparts are permitted to wear sleeveless tank tops and shorts, as illustrated in the diagrams below, which are taken from the International Handball Federation’s official rules of beach handball: Rejecting those double standards, the Norwegian women refused to wear bikini bottoms during their European Championships game against Spain on July 18, and in response, the European Handball Federation fined them €150 ($177) each.  As part of a wave of outrage against the uniform requirements, and the punishment imposed, a popular post on the online forum Reddit purported to neatly and starkly illustrate the disparities involved in the male and female beach handball uniform regulations. Underneath a caption that read “Mens beach-handball teams uniform vs. the women’s uniform,” a photograph showed what appeared to be a men’s beach handball team, wearing tank tops and shorts, kneeling and standing next to their female counterparts, who are wearing bikini bottoms and “midriff” tops: That photograph was genuine, and showed Norway’s men’s and women’s beach handball teams, respectively, before their games against their Swedish counterparts, in June 2019. As such, we are issuing a rating of “True.” The picture was taken by the photographer Niclas Dovsjö on June 7, 2019, in Ulricehamn, Sweden. It was posted online and on Facebook by the Norwegian Handball Federation, and can be seen in its original context, below: Norway’s men lost their encounter with Sweden, while their female compatriots won. At the time, the picture prompted an outraged response in Norway, illustrating as it did the glaring discrepancy in uniform requirements between male and female athletes.  In response to expressions of criticism at the rules, and the treatment of the Norwegian women’s team, European Handball Federation [EHF] President Michael Wiederer insisted that “the EHF will do all it can to ensure that a change of athlete uniform regulations can be implemented,” but said such a rules change “could not happen overnight.”","https://web.archive.org/web/20210721063358/https://www.ihf.info/sites/default/files/2019-05/0_09%20-%20Rules%20of%20the%20Game%20%28Beach%20Handball%29_GB.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/IHF_Uniforms.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721203614/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/sports/norway-beach-handball-team.html,https://archive.is/YuGw3,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-17.01.29.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721203731/https://www.handball.no/nyheter/2019/06/en-seier-og-et-tap-i-sverige/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-17.09.15.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721211124/https://www.aftenposten.no/sport/i/6jVA0e/dette-bildet-skaper-reaksjoner-jeg-gremmes,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721211820/https://beacheuro.eurohandball.com/news/en/wiederer-ehf-will-do-its-utmost-to-influence-beach-handball-uniform-change/","Pic Shows Difference Between Men’s, Women’s Beach Handball Uniforms?",Sports,,,,, -2,,,,Mostly True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mosquitoes-blood-type-attraction/,"Evidence suggests that among other individual factors, mosquitos may be more attracted to people with Type O blood.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"As the hot 2021 summer months brought increased mosquito activity across much of the U.S., Snopes readers wanted to know if the buzzing pests were attracted to one type of blood over another. A deeper look through the scientific literature revealed that among other factors — like hormone levels or scents — there is evidence to suggest that mosquitoes may be more attracted to people with Type O blood — or at least these individuals were more likely to be bit.  To understand why these individuals are more likely to be pestered by the biting bugs, we must first understand what a blood type is.   A person’s blood type is inherited and determined by the presence or absence of substances known as antigens, which can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body, according to the Red Cross. The four major blood groups — A, B, AB and O —are determined by the presence or absence of two such antigens, A and B, that are found on the surface of red blood cells. But there is also a protein known as the Rh factor which is present (+) or absent (-) to make up the eight most common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+ and AB-.  Type O positive is the most common with more than one-third of Americans with this type. Type O negative, on the other hand, is known as the “universal” blood type and is the most common blood type used for transfusions when a patient’s blood type is unknown. (To find out your blood type, a sample of your blood must be sampled or taken by a medical professional.)  The American Mosquito Control Association notes that there are more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes, and though host preference may vary depending on region and species, several studies have supported the claim that mosquitoes might be more attracted to those with Type O blood over others.  One such species, Aedes aegypti, is the major vector of Dengue in Sri Lanka. In 2019, scientists at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Sri Lanka set out to determine how certain blood types may influence a mosquito’s ability to rear offspring. Laboratory-reared female mosquitoes were exposed to all four blood groups at once in separate feeders. After feeding, the DNA of blood in mosquitoes was extracted and identified and the mean number of eggs per individual was determined. The researchers found that the highest preference was observed for the blood group O. However, no one blood type was found to influence a mosquito’s egg production over another, begging the question: Why might mosquitoes prefer one type of blood over another? (More on that later.)  A small-scale study conducted in 2004 also found that of 64 test subjects, those with blood Type O were significantly likely to have a mosquito land on them than on other blood groups A, B and AB. A 2009 study published in Virology Journal found that individuals with O+ blood type were more susceptible than other group types to get chikungunya, a virus spread to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. The findings suggested that some people may have a genetic predisposition to the disease or perhaps are more likely to be bitten and infected by virus-carrying mosquitoes.  In 1974, researchers at Oxford University found that when physiological variables were accounted for, mosquitoes preferred the blood from hosts of blood group O. But a study conducted in 2014 and published in the peer-reviewed journal Acta Tropica found that mosquitoes were more likely to feed on either artificial membrane blood feeders — or directly on human hands — of those with AB type (40%) when compared to other groups of A (24%), B (21%), and O (15%). While the latter study does not prove that mosquitoes are more inclined to bite Type O individuals, the findings further add evidence that parasites like mosquitoes may prefer certain genetic factors like blood.  Interestingly, in both of the above studies, individuals with AB blood types were shown to have more severe cases of malaria than those of other blood types — a finding that researchers suggest indicate mosquito preference could serve as a sort of natural selection for population control.  Understanding how and why mosquitoes choose a host is not just a matter of comfortability. In much of the world, it can be a matter of life or death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) calls the mosquito the “world’s deadliest animal” and credits the long-legged insect with spreading diseases like malaria, dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, Zika, chikungunya, and lymphatic filariasis. The transmission of diseases through mosquitoes kills more people than any other critter in the world. In 2017 alone, an estimated 435,000 people around the world died from malaria alone and millions more became ill with the disease.  Knowing what blood types a mosquito might be attracted to can help health experts and individuals take the necessary precautions to avoid being bit by one (more on that later). Additionally, understanding what individuals may be more likely to experience disease severity can help in the treatment of infection.  But blood type is not the only factor that may influence a mosquito’s choice in a host. Virginia Tech researchers wrote in the journal Current Biology that mosquitoes have the ability to learn which humans will be the most advantageous for feeding.  “How mosquitoes determine which individuals to bite has important epidemiological consequences. This choice is not random; most mosquitoes specialize in one or a few vertebrate host species, and some individuals in a host population are preferred over others,” wrote the study authors in 2018.  These factors can include pregnancy and hormonal fluctuations during various stages of a menstrual cycle, as well as carbon dioxide, the compounds contained in sweat, alcohol intake, and even a preexisting malaria infection. The CDC recommends wearing insect repellent, covering up with long clothing, and using screens and fans on doors and windows to avoid mosquitos.  “Mosquitoes bite during the day and night, live indoors and outdoors, and search for warm places as temperatures begin to drop. Some mosquitoes hibernate in enclosed spaces, like garages, sheds, and under (or inside) homes, to survive cold temperatures,” wrote the health agency.  For more information on mosquito-caused diseases and how to prevent them, visit the CDC’s mosquito central.","https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types.html,https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-types/o-blood-type.html,https://www.mosquito.org/page/mosquitoinfo,http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=547&doi=10.11648/j.aje.20190302.13,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15311477/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704197/,https://www.jstor.org/stable/41459967,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X14002733,https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/stories/world-deadliest-animal.html,https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31617-2,https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31617-2,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1127358/,https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-you-a-magnet-for-mosquitoes/#:~:text=Researchers%20have%20also%20found%20a,are%20more%20attractive%20to%20mosquitoes.,https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-mosquitoes-detect-people#:~:text=Female%20mosquitoes%20have%20nerve%20cells,the%20absence%20of%20carbon%20dioxide.,https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/how-mosquitoes-smell-human-sweat,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12083361/#:~:text=Our%20study%20demonstrated%20that%20percent,drinking%20alcohol%20stimulates%20mosquito%20attraction.,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324568250_Malaria_infection_creates_a_'human_perfume'_that_makes_us_more_attractive_to_mosquitoes,https://www.cdc.gov/media/dpk/diseases-and-conditions/mosquito-borne-diseases/index.html,https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/index.html",Are Mosquitos Attracted to a Certain Blood Type?,,,,,, -3,,,,False,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/prop-47-theft-california/,The passage of Prop 47 means that thefts involving property valued at less than $950 will no longer be prosecuted in California.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"On July 21, 2021, comedian Adam Carolla shared a video on social media that supposedly showed two people stealing merchandise from a store. The video was accompanied by a message claiming that “thefts under $950 will not be prosecuted” thanks to California’s Proposition 47 law.  This is not true. For one, Prop 47 is not a new law. It was approved by a majority of California voters back in 2014. More importantly, Prop 47 does not legalize theft under $950.  The judicial branch of California explains on its page about Prop 47 that the new law “reclassifies certain theft and drug possession offenses from felonies to misdemeanors.” Thanks to Prop 47, shoplifting offenses involving property valued at less than $950 are prosecuted as misdemeanors, not felonies, but they are still prosecuted. Such offenses are punishable by up to six months in county jail.   The above-displayed video, which reportedly shows two people shoplifting from a TJ Maxx in Granada Hills, is one of several videos that was circulated online in the summer of 2021 in support of the claim that crime was on the rise in California. However, San Francisco Police Chief William Scott said that the statistics don’t support that narrative, pointing to a mid-year report showing that burglaries were down 6 % in the first six months of 2021. It should also be noted that California is not the only state that has raised the bar for felony convictions. Since 2000, at least 37 states have enacted laws that raised the threshold for what constitutes felony theft. In 2017, Pew Charitable Trusts examined how these laws impacted the crime rate and found that “raising the felony theft threshold has no impact on overall property crime or larceny rates.” Pew Trusts wrote: We looked at a similar claim back in 2020. You can read more about what Prop 47 does (and what it doesn’t do) here.","https://www.courts.ca.gov/prop47.htm,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQD-wcyYuKc,https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/after-san-francisco-shoplifting-video-goes-viral-officials-argue-thefts-n1273848,https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2017/04/the-effects-of-changing-felony-theft-thresholds,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/san-francisco-shoplifting-video/?utm_source=agorapulse&utm_campaign=recycled",Did Prop 47 Legalize Theft Under $950 in California?,,,,,, -4,,,,Mixture,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/us-womens-soccer-kneel-anthem/,The U.S. Women's Soccer team took a knee in protest of racial injustice during the national anthem before the 2020 Olympic opener.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"The U.S. women’s soccer team got its 2020 Olympic journey off on the wrong foot after suffering a 3-0 loss to Sweden during the opening match on July 21, 2021. Some social media users appeared to celebrate the American team’s defeat, arguing that it was some form of competitive karma in response to the team purportedly taking a knee during the national anthem before the game: The U.S. women’s soccer team did kneel before the opening match. However, this protest did not take place during the national anthem, and this protest was not conducted solely by the American team. The Swedish players also took a knee before kick-off. And, according to The Associated Press, players for the British, Chilean, Australian, and New Zealand teams also dropped to their knees before their respective matches: In Yahoo Sports’ article about the game, they specifically noted that all of the American players were standing for the national anthem. The image at the top of this article shows the U.S. women’s soccer team standing during the playing of the national anthem. The players knelt in protest after the playing of the anthem and but before kick-off. According to Yahoo, the protest lasted about 10 seconds, and took place as some pregame music played in the background: Several players commented on the protest in the hours after their respective matches. Steph Houghton, the captain of the British team, said: “We felt strongly as a group that we wanted to show support for those affected by discrimination and equality … It was a proud moment because the Chile players took the knee too to show how united we are as sport.” Megan Rapinoe of the U.S. women’s soccer team said: “It’s an opportunity for us to continue to use our voices and use our platforms to talk about the things that affect all of us intimately in different ways … We have people from Team USA, from all over the country, from all backgrounds, and people literally from all over the world for every other team so I obviously encourage everyone to use that platform to the best of their ability to do the most good that they possibly can in the world, especially as all eyes are on Tokyo these next couple weeks”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-113742.jpg,https://apnews.com/article/2020-tokyo-olympics-sports-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-soccer-18c738309b73ef7c2237e948f1870ca7,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/united-states-players-are-seen-during-their-national-anthem-news-photo/1329894391,https://sports.yahoo.com/olympics-soccer-players-kneel-uswnt-090330888.html,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-team-kneel-protest-olympics-matches,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-team-kneel-protest-olympics-matches",Did US Women’s Soccer Kneel During National Anthem at 2020 Olympic Opener?,Sports,,,,, -5,,,,True,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/life-expectancy-decline/,"The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that life expectancy fell by 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020, the biggest annual decline since 1943.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"In July 2021, several news outlets made the assertion that life expectancy in the United States had dropped by 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020, in large part due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and that, remarkably, this was the largest year-over-year decline in life expectancy since World War II. For example, on July 21 CBS News published an article with the headline “U.S. Life Expectancy Took ‘Catastrophic’ Hit Last Year, Biggest Since WWII,” which stated that: “U.S. life expectancy fell by a year-and-a-half in 2020, the largest one-year decline since World War II, public health officials said Wednesday.” Similar articles, each containing the “World War II” claim, were published by the New York Post, CNBC, and NPR. Those claims were accurate. According to data published by the federal U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the estimated life expectancy in 2020 was 77.3 years. In 2019, it was 78.8 years — a year-over-year decline of 1.5 years.  Based on historical CDC data, the last time U.S. life expectancy dropped by that much or more in one year was indeed during World War II, when life expectancy fell from 66.2 years in 1942, to 63.3 years in 1943 — a decline of 2.9 years. As such, we are issuing a rating of “True.” The most recent authoritative information on life expectancy in the U.S. can be found in the “Provisional Life Expectancy Estimates for 2020,” which were published on July 21, 2021, by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and can be read in full here. It stated that: Accord to the NCHS, that sharp decline in overall life expectancy at birth was largely attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic which, according to the CDC, killed almost 370,000 people in the U.S., and infected more than 20 million individuals, in 2020 alone. The report explained: The assertion that the decline in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 was the biggest since World War II did not appear in the July 2021 estimates, but news outlets appear to have based it on remarks made by Elizabeth Arias, the lead author of the report, in a February 2021 podcast.  Back in February, the CDC took the unusual step of publishing life expectancy estimates for the first six months of the previous year (2020). At that time, the data suggested a decline of one year between 2019 and 2020, a figure that was revised upwards to 1.5 years in July, when the data for the full year of 2020 were released. Placing the sharp decline in life expectancy in historical context, Arias said: Arias’ assessment was accurate both at the time she made it, when the decline in life expectancy was estimated to be one year, and in July 2021, when that decline was estimated to be 1.5 years.  A useful visualization of life expectancy trends between 1900 and 2018 can be found on the NCHS website. It shows that, since World War II, life expectancy in the U.S. has steadily increased, with a handful of small annual declines here and there: A comprehensive breakdown of life expectancy every year between 1900 and 2020 can be found here. It shows that in 1943, life expectancy (63.3 years) dropped by 2.9 years from 1942 (66.2 years). From that time until 2019, life expectancy experienced a year-over-year decline on only 10 occasions, with the biggest drop being 0.3 years, in 1968 and 1993.  The estimated decline of 1.5 years between 2019 and 2020 was therefore the biggest annual decline in life expectancy in the past 77 years, by a considerable distance.  The biggest single annual decline in life expectancy in the last 120 years came in 1918, when it fell from 50.9 years, in 1917, to 39.1 years — a decline of 11.8 years. In 1918, the flu pandemic caused almost 500,000 deaths in the U.S. alone.","https://archive.is/TZP02,https://archive.is/VUULH,https://archive.is/CMo0O,https://archive.is/c84Bs,https://web.archive.org/web/20210721051556/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR015-508.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-10.42.46.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-10.42.28.png,https://archive.is/sx9by,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720163857/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/VSRR10-508.pdf,https://archive.is/sx9by,https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/mortality-trends/index.htm,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-21-at-11.48.00.png,https://www.snopes.com/uploads/2021/07/U.S.-Life-Expectancy-1900-2020-Sheet1.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/deadliest-days-usa-history/",Did US Life Expectancy in 2020 See Biggest Decline Since WWII?,"COVID-19, Editor's Picks",,,,, -6,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giannis-nba-finals/,"On the morning of July 21, 2021, after scoring 50 points in the last game of the 2021 NBA Finals, Milwaukee Bucks' Giannis Antetokounmpo ordered 50 Chick-fil-A nuggets.",2021-07-21,snopes,,"It had been 50 years since the Milwaukee Bucks won the NBA championship.  But, on July 20, 2021, the team did it — with Giannis Antetokounmpo, a.k.a. “The Greek Freak,” scoring 50 points in what has been described as one of the greatest NBA Finals ever. So, how did he celebrate the next day? By placing a 50-piece order of Chick-Fil-A’s chicken nuggets … .. with the Larry O’Brien and his NBA Finals MVP trophies in the car with him. The image displayed above is a screenshot from a live video on Antetokounmpo’s official Instagram page in which he made the order around 11:15 a.m. after winning the best-of-seven game series, 4-2, the night before. He said: “Can I have, please, 50-piece — not 51, not 49 — minis, yes? 50. And let me have a large, no ice, half-Sprite, half-Lemonade.” Considering that recorded evidence, we rate the claim “True.” Earlier, the footage showed him sitting in the vehicle with one of the trophies in his lap and the other between his legs on the vehicle’s floor as he excitedly sang and danced. He said he hadn’t slept at all since winning the championship the night before. The stream then recorded the two-time, regular-season MVP supposedly trying to persuade the fast-food restaurant into giving him “free Chick-Fil-A for life” but having no luck. After that, he drove around Milwaukee with excited fans chanting and swarming his vehicle. While scoring the 50 points in Game 6 against the Phoenix Suns — pushing the Milwaukee team on top, 105-98 — Antetokounmpo had 14 rebounds and five blocked shots, and the team won largely because of him. The Associated Press reported:","https://www.snopes.com/ap/2021/07/20/bucks-50-year-wait-ends-with-a-title-behind-50-from-giannis/,https://apnews.com/article/sports-nba-milwaukee-bucks-phoenix-suns-64e76fe1b9f0851dbcf46ad66d90d6de,https://nba.nbcsports.com/2021/07/21/giannis-antetokounmpo-lifts-bucks-with-50-then-lifts-larry-obrien-trophy-after-win/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-10.56.30-AM.png,https://www.instagram.com/giannis_an34/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.22.07-AM.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.08.27-AM.png,https://twitter.com/SInow/status/1417870350268968963?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-21-at-11.06.38-AM.png,https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/14/phoenix-suns-nba-finals/,https://apnews.com/article/sports-nba-milwaukee-bucks-phoenix-suns-64e76fe1b9f0851dbcf46ad66d90d6de","Yes, Giannis Ordered 50 Chick-fil-A Nuggets After Scoring 50 Points — Winning NBA Finals",Sports,,,,, -7,,,,Legend,David Mikkelson,2000-10-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/snopes/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rules-for-teachers-1872/,A document issued in 1872 lists rules of behavior for public school teachers.,2000-10-19,snopes,,"Yet another “the way we were” document of questionable origin intended to demonstrate by comparison how much better off we are today is the “Rules for Teachers – 1872” list: We’re expected to take this list in and marvel at the grimness of a late nineteenth century American schoolteacher’s lot: the profession was lowly regarded, the work was physically demanding and involved long hours on the job, the position paid poorly, retirement benefits were non-existent, and teachers were expected to be among the most morally upright members of their community. (Some modern teachers would probably agree that maybe things haven’t changed so much since then after all.) But the bottom line is that no one has ever been able to verify the authenticity of this “Rules for Teachers – 1872” list. The earliest iteration of this list that we’ve uncovered so far dates from 1959, when it was attributed to a school principal in Manhattan named Winifred Northrup: Rules for Teachers – 1872 28 Feb 1959, Sat Redlands Daily Facts (Redlands, California) Newspapers.com This list has been reproduced in countless newspapers and books over the sixty years since then, and copies of it have been displayed in numerous museums throughout North America, with each exhibitor claiming that it originated with their county or school district. Any evidence documenting the existence of the original list remains elusive, however. “Rules for Teachers – 1872” also been also offered in a number of different guises, such as a list of rules for sales clerks at W.T. Stewart’s department store in New York, for floor nurses in a hospital, and for the employees of a New England carriage works. All attempts to trace this document to its origins inevitably dead end with a photocopy or printed sheet of indeterminate origin and suspiciously modern vintage. As a point of reference, we visited a historical site in our neighborhood which included a restored 19th century schoolhouse, complete with a preserved contemporaneous list of instructions for teachers. The items on that list were rather mundane, directing teachers to follow protocol by taking regular attendance, using the assigned texts, etc. Nothing on the list involved manual labor or bore on the moral conduct of teachers’ private lives. Perhaps this piece tells us more about our contemporary vision of life in the 1870s than it does about life in the real 1870s. Sometimes the document includes a list of equally onerous rules for students: Another similar items purports to be a list of rules for teachers from 1915:","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/old-school-days/,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81875671/rules-for-teachers-1872/,https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Teachers+each+day+will+fill+lamps%2C+clean+chimneys%22&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1",Is the ‘Rules for Teachers – 1872’ List Real?,Documentary Evidence,,,,, -8,,,,Mostly False,Dan Evon,2021-07-21,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/anti-sex-beds-2020-olympics/,Anti-sex beds made out of cardboard have been installed in Olympic Village ahead of the 2020 games.,2021-07-21,snopes,,"In July 2021, as the 2020 Olympics approached (the games were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic), a rumor started circulating on social media that the athletes would be sleeping on “anti-sex” beds in the Olympic Village: However, these are not anti-sex beds; they can easily support the weight of two average-sized people, and they do not break with any sudden movement. The meme does correctly state that these beds are made of cardboard and that they will be recycled after the games.  The Olympic Village has a reputation (although possibly an unfair one) for being a hotbed of sexual activities. In 2016, the Guardian reported that nearly a half million condoms were provided to the athletes during the summer games in Rio de Janeiro.  With the Olympic Village’s reputation for promiscuity, and with various “social distancing” measures being enacted due to the lingering COVID-19 pandemic, many social media users assumed that the cardboard beds were some sort of anti-sex measure. But that’s not the case. These beds were designed to be more green, not to prevent sex. Rhys Mcclenaghan, an Irish gymnast competing at the 2020 Games, posted a video on Twitter debunking the notion that the beds would break with “any sudden movement.”  Long before rumors started circulating that these were “anti-sex” beds, the cardboard beds were touted as one of the ways Tokyo was attempting to make the Olympics more environmentally friendly. A news release from 2019 published on the Olympics news site “Inside the Games” detailed the specs and purpose of these cardboard beds. The bedding company Airweave said that it was providing 18,000 beds to the Olympic Village that were made from “high resistance lightweight cardboard.” The company said that the beds can hold more than 440 pounds, and that after the games the beds would be recycled.  In sum, Olympic athletes will indeed be sleeping on cardboard beds during the 2020 games. These beds were designed to make the games more sustainable, not to prevent athletes from having sex.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/anti-sex-beds-false.jpg,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/anti-sex-beds-false.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/sport/shortcuts/2016/jul/18/rio-2016-42-condoms-per-athlete-olympic-village-sex,https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1085096/tokyo-2020-bedding-mattresses-unveiled",Were Anti-Sex Beds Installed at the 2020 Olympics?,Editor's Picks,,,,, -9,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/drone-nest-telephone-pole/,An advertisement revealed answers about a drone photograph that showed something large hanging on top of a telephone pole.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a purported drone photograph of a massive nest or other object hanging off a telephone pole or power lines. The ads appeared to promise answers. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the 10news.com website. The ad read: “[Pics] Drone Captures Photos We’re Not Supposed to See.” It was sponsored by the Definition.org website, which has quite the track record for misleading clickbait. The ad was hosted by the Outbrain advertising network. Clicking on the ad led to a 39-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “Drone Photos Taken In Mid Air Will Have You Feeling Uneasy.” The article contained several photographs that appeared to be shot from the air, whether by a drone, helicopter, or airplane. One claimed it showed the aftermath of a residential explosion. Another described a shot that was purportedly captured over Barcelona, Spain. We also found a picture that was said to show volcanic activity in Iceland. We clicked through all 39 pages. The article never mentioned the photograph from the ad. It was clickbait. We clicked “next page” nearly 40 times so you don’t have to. The picture in the ad was not captured high in the sky using a drone. It appeared to be shot on the ground by artist and photographer Dillon Marsh of Dillon Marsh Photography. We found no credit to Marsh on the Definition.org website. The picture showed a large birds’ nest for the sociable weaver, built on a telephone pole. The bird species lives in the Kalahari region of southern Africa. The only place they can be found in the United States is with the San Diego Zoo. The zoo described the nests built by sociable weavers as providing enough living space for an “entire colony as well as for future residents.” The nests can hold up to 400 birds and can potentially last an entire century. Nests built by the species are made from large twigs, dry grasses, straw, soft plants, cotton, fur, and fluff. The zoo also published that a “proper nesting tree has a long, smooth trunk and high branches to discourage slithering predators.” This is perhaps what makes a telephone pole the perfect trunk for sociable weavers. The nests keep the sociable weavers cool in the summer and warm on cold nights. They welcome other birds inside, such as the South African pygmy falcon, pied barbet, familiar chat, red-headed finch, ashy tit, and rosy-faced lovebird. Vultures, eagles, and owls can also sometimes be seen on top of the nests. The added company is said to make for a more secure home from predators. As for food, the zoo’s page about the sociable weaver said that they “need less water than any other bird” and that “most never take a drink.” They get their moisture from bugs. For more on the species, visit the San Diego Zoo website. Several other photographs of the nests can be viewed on the Getty Images website. In sum, an ad promised to reveal something about a strange drone photograph that “we’re not supposed to see.” The long article that resulted from the ad never mentioned the picture. In reality, it was shot from ground level and showed a massive nest built on a telephone pole by sociable weavers. Note: Photographs from Flickr are credited to Bernard Dupont and Rui Ornelas. Matt Mawson shot the Getty Images picture. The photograph in the ad, which went uncredited by the advertiser, appeared to originally be captured by Dillon Marsh.","https://www.10news.com/sports/tampa-bay-buccaneers-tom-brady-visit-white-house-to-celebrate-super-bowl-win,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/nick-stahl-death-hoax/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kevin-costner-octavia-spencer/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/car-meghan-markle-drives/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/kevin-sorbo-hercules/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worst-fast-food-chain/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/adam-sandler-trump/,https://archive.ph/5zmX3,https://archive.ph/ljEU8,https://archive.ph/uHB1n,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2017/08/17/barcelona-van/,https://archive.ph/T2dmn,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/iceland-religions-mental-disorders/,http://dillonmarsh.com/assimilation02.html,https://www.instagram.com/dillonmarsh/,https://www.audubon.org/magazine/march-april-2014/africas-social-weaverbirds-take-communal,https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/sociable-weaver,https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/sociable-weaver,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/cape-weavers-nest-site-in-a-telephone-pole-royalty-free-image/73553786,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/sociable-weaver-nest-made-on-a-telephone-pole-royalty-free-image/541050808,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/weavers-nest-on-a-power-pole-namibia-royalty-free-image/1032886702,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/nest-of-a-weaver-bird-on-an-electricity-pole-royalty-free-image/1032886412,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/weaver-bird-nest-kgalagadi-transfrontier-park-south-africa-news-photo/170908186","Photograph of Massive Nest on Telephone Pole, Explained",,,,,, -10,,,,Mostly True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/are-blue-java-bananas-real/,"With an outer blue skin, the brightly hued “blue java banana” depicted in various online photographs is a real fruit and it tastes like vanilla ice cream.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"The blue-hued skin of the vanilla-flavored ice cream banana may seem too good to be true, but the so-called “ice cream banana” is an edible fruit that has paved its way on the internet due to its unique coloration.  Also known as the “blue java banana,” various iterations and photographs claiming to depict this unique fruit have existed on social media since at least 2017. In July 2021, Snopes readers sent our team the below meme to verify if the blue-hued fruit existed: While it is true that the blue java banana is real, we have to note that some websites appear to overly saturate or alter photographs of the fruit, which exaggerate the blue coloration. As such, we have rated this claim as “Mostly True” given that the photographs featured in the meme in question were likely altered to appear more vibrant.  “This fruit is not really blue! Many photos of blue java on the internet are photoshopped,” wrote rare fruit harvester Miami Fruit on its website. “As it ripens, the outer peel will turn fully yellow.”  [See also Do Swedes Really Put Bananas on Pizza?] The blue java banana belongs to the banana family of plants Musaceae, and is a cultivar, or hybrid, of two species of banana, the Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata. Nearly all cultivated varieties of bananas and plantains are seedless, or sterile, and are propagated and cloned from the offshoots of mature plants known as pups, according to a 2015 study published in the journal Plant Gene. Native to Southeast Asia, the blue java banana can grow up to 20 feet tall, and has silvery green leaves, according to the California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. The skin of the fruit is silvery pale blue in coloring when unripe but turns a pale yellow when ripe. And as its nickname suggests, the vanilla-like taste of the fruit pairs nicely with ice cream when eaten fresh or cooked.","https://www.reddit.com/r/BeAmazed/comments/g53l4n/the_blue_java_banana_which_is_said_to_have_the/,https://imgur.com/gallery/0wKjhrH,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square.png,https://fb.ru/post/main-course/2019/4/3/80743,https://miamifruit.org/products/blue-java-ice-cream-banana-pre-order,https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/musaceae,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235240731500027X,https://crfg.org/?s=blue+java",Are Blue Java Bananas Real?,,,,,, -11,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, -12,,,,False,David Emery,2017-11-14,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/david-emery/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/edward-mordrake/,"A nineteenth-century British man named Edward Mordrake (also spelled ""Mordake"") was born with a rare medical condition in the form of a extra face on the back of his head.",2017-11-14,snopes,,"One of the more interesting historical nuggets to cross our transom in recent years is the claim that a certain English gentleman of the nineteenth century named Edward Mordrake (or “Edward Mordake,” according to older sources) was born with a bizarre medical condition so troubling that it drove him to suicide: Albeit popularized in the 2000s via memes, songs, and TV shows, the Edward Mordrake story isn’t of recent origin, having aroused the morbid interests of Victorian readers more than a century ago in Gould and Pyle’s Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine, first published in 1896. This is how the authors of that hefty volume recounted it: Despite the credulous reception the story has frequently received, there are plenty of reasons to be skeptical. For one, the entire passage about Edward Mordrake was quoted from what the authors describe as “lay sources” (more about which later), which sets it apart from other entries (such as their account of the life of Joseph Merrick, the “Elephant Man”) drawn from actual medical case histories. For another, it is heavy on melodrama (e.g., “he was kept from his rest at night by the hateful whispers of his ‘devil twin,’ as he called it”), while giving only the slightest nod to science (apart from applying the now-antiquated medical classification “bicephalic monsters,” there is really no scientific verbiage at all). And although it purports to cite two attending physicians, “Manvers and Treadwell,” a critique of the entry in the 1906 edition of The Theosophical Review reported that the names appeared nowhere in the Dict. of National Biography (a Victorian-era Who’s Who). The origin of the black-and-white photograph purporting to show Edward Mordrake and his “devil twin” in profile (which has appeared in Internet postings since 2007) is unknown. Despite its “vintage” appearance, the image exhibits greater resolution and clarity than what is typically seen in photographic reproductions of the mid-to-late Victorian era (e.g., the 1889 photograph of Joseph Merrick published in the British Medical Journal). It appears, in fact, to be a retouched photo of a wax figure in the Panoptikum Wax Museum in Hamburg, Germany: A Case of Asymmetrical Conjoined Twins? There does exist a real medical condition, Craniopagus parasiticus, whose symptoms bear a very basic resemblance to those described in this case. It’s an extremely rare complication in conjoined twins wherein one of the pair is underdeveloped and less than fully functional (hence “parasitic”), and takes the form of a vestigial head attached to the cranium of the “autositic” (dominant) twin. According to a 2016 case report, there have only been ten or fewer recorded cases of Craniopagus parasiticus in history, “of which only three survived past birth and were documented in the literature.” Of those three, two died before the age of two, despite surgical attempts to save the life of the autositic twin. The third, known famously as the “two-headed boy of Bengal,” lived to be four years old and was reported to be in good health until he was bitten by a cobra and died. Most significantly, as regards the Edward Mordrake case, conjoined twins are by definition genetically identical, so they are always of the same sex. The “devil twin” described in that case was female, while the autositic twin was male (though it could be argued, of course, that the vestigial face was misidentified as female). That the “sneering” face had no audible voice comports with such information as we have on real cases of Craniopagus parasiticus, but the claims that it exhibited “every sign of intelligence” and taunted the poor man with “hateful whispers” do not. Accounts of the two-headed boy of Bengal said the vestigial face in that case could “grimace” and its eyes were observed moving, for example, but though there could have been some sort of rudimentary consciousness present there were no signs of intelligence. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Mordrake might have suffered instead from a congenital defect known as Diprosopus (or craniofacial duplication), in which facial features are duplicated to a greater or lesser extent on other areas of the head (in the rarest cases, the full face is duplicated). The mechanisms behind this deformity aren’t fully understood, although many researchers believe it to be another rare form of conjoined twinning. Although somewhat more common than Craniopagus parasiticus (with just under 50 instances documented since the mid-nineteenth century), Diprosopus has a similarly poor survival rate, with most cases ending in stillbirth. In short, although science does offer theoretical explanations for Mordrake’s condition, they are few and only marginally plausible. About Those “Lay Sources” Gould and Pyle reported in 1896 that the “well-known story of Edward Mordake” they quoted was taken from “lay sources” — plural — despite the fact that there was really only one. Science historian Alex Boese has traced the quoted text, verbatim, to a syndicated newspaper article written in 1895 by Charles Lotin Hildreth, a poet and author of speculative fiction: What all these “wonders of science” had in common, Boese points out, is that no mention of them is to be found in any previous sources. None. It appears, in other words, that Hildreth simply made them up. Albeit couched as nonfiction, the article was actually a work of speculative fiction in the spirit of other scientific hoaxes of the time, such as the infamous life-on-the-moon hoax of 1835 and the Cardiff Giant hoax of 1869. Boese concludes — convincingly, we find — that Edward Mordrake was the literary creation of Charles Lotin Hildreth. He never really existed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2017/11/edward-mordrake.jpg,https://www.memecenter.com/fun/2008989/edward-mordrake,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGci5Tlur9o,http://americanhorrorstory.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Mordrake,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=sowkAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josephmerrick1889.jpg,https://youtu.be/2yIeG4Ldp4M?t=66,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5134060/,https://web.archive.org/web/20080327214927/www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html,http://hoaxes.org/weblog/comments/edward_mordake,https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/moon-shot-race-a-hoax-and-the-birth-of-fake-news,https://www.livescience.com/55787-cardiff-giant.html","Edward Mordrake, the Man with Two Faces",medical anomalies,,,,, -13,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-16,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-largest-mushroom/,A photograph shows the world's largest mushroom.,2021-07-16,snopes,,"A pair of images supposedly showing the “world’s largest mushroom” in Oregon are frequently circulated on social media along with a piece of text describing the Armillaria ostoyae, or the honey mushroom. These images are frequently accompanied by a piece of text about honey mushrooms, such as this paragraph that went viral when it was posted to Facebook in May 2021: “Giant mushroom, Oregon ……… Armillaria ostoyae, commonly known as the honey mushroom, is bigger than most animals, and is considered the largest and oldest organism on Earth. The mushroom covers 3,726563 m 2 of Malheur National Forest, Oregon, and is estimated to be around 8,650 years old.” While Armillaria ostoyae is a real mushroom and is considered to be one of the largest and oldest organisms on earth, it is not pictured in these images. The above-displayed images are the result of photo manipulation.  The “largest mushroom in the world” may conjure up images similar to the giant individual mushrooms shown in these viral photographs. However, Armillaria ostoyae‘s impressive growth takes place across (and under) the ground, not up into the air. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) writes that this “humongous fungus” is spread out across thousands of acres of the Malheur National Forest. Since this is a single organism, it is considered to be the largest mushroom in the world, but photographs of this humongous fungus are not quite as impressive as the fake photos shown above. Here’s a genuine picture of Armillaria ostoyae from the USDA: The BBC explained: As for these digitally edited works of fantastical fungus, we’ve been able to track down the source of one of them. The image showing a group of people staring up at a humongous fungus was created circa 2000 by a fungal biology student at the University of California, Berkeley. This image was created as a joke by Dirk Redecker, who is now a microbiologist and curator for the International Bank for the Glomales (an order of symbiotic fungi) at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. We reached out to Redecker for comment and will update this article if more information becomes available.  When Waffles at Noon reached out to Tom Bruns, Professor Emeritus of Fungal Ecology at Berkeley, for more information about this photo, he identified the mushroom as “Boletus photoshopus” and noted that it was pictured in its natural habitat, the digital photo. Bruns elaborated on the origins of this image in an email to Snopes. Bruns told us that this fake image was made circa 2000 as a “fun lab portrait.” Bruns and his then-student Redecker used an image of a Boletus rex-veris, a mushroom that stands about 8 inches tall, to create the giant mushroom pictured in this image. Bruns said: We have not been able to source the second image. However, we can say with absolute certainty that it is not a genuine photo of a fantastically large fungus. In fact, the Malheur National Forest has commented on this fake photo, writing: “Every few months a new crazy giant mushroom image shows up on social media referring to the Humongous Fungus on the Malheur National Forest. While it is true the fungus is the largest living organism it looks nothing like this.”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/giant-mushrooms.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10220626239988363&set=a.3959974040203,https://web.archive.org/web/20190803005438/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_033146.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/worlds-largest-mushroom.jpg,http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world,http://science.redeckeria.org/monsterbolete1b.jpg,http://wafflesatnoon.com/debunking-the-worlds-largest-mushroom-photo/",The World’s Largest Mushroom Looks Nothing Like These Viral Images,,,,,, -14,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, -15,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, -16,,,,Correct Attribution,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-brady-election-white-house/,"Super Bowl-winning quarterback Tom Brady joked about election denial during a White House ceremony, saying: ""I think about 40 percent of people still don’t think we won .. You understand that, Mr. President?""",2021-07-20,snopes,,"On July 20, 2021, NFL quarterback Tom Brady and his Tampa Bay Buccaneers teammates visited President Joe Biden at the White House to celebrate their Super Bowl victory earlier in the year. The event was memorable for a few reasons. For one, it was the first time Brady visited the White House since 2005 (he didn’t attend the ceremonies for his Super Bowl victories during the tenures of former presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump). And two, Brady made a topical joke before presenting Biden with a jersey: “I think about forty percent of people still don’t think we won … ” This is a genuine quote from Brady.  Brady spoke for a few minutes before he gifted a Buccaneers jersey to Biden. The seven-time champion spoke about team work and unity and hard work, but he also managed to offer up a few humorous lines. At one point, Brady referenced the number of people who continue to believe the falsehood that Biden did not win the 2020 presidential election, comparing it to the people who are in still in disbelief about the Buccaneers victory. Later, Brady joked about how he was labeled “Sleepy Tom” after screwing up a play, an apparent reference to the “Sleepy Joe” nickname that former President Donald Trump bestowed on his political rival.  Below is a transcript of Brady’s remarks. The relevant passages are in bold: Here’s a video of Brady’s remarks:  Brady has won seven Super Bowl rings during his time in the NFL. While he’s made a few appearances at the White House, this is his first visit since 2005. Brady previously said that family commitments prevented him from attending the ceremonies held by former Presidents Obama and Trump.","https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/patriots-white-house-attendance/,https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/sports/-new-england-patriots-visit-white-house-donald-trump.html",Did Tom Brady Joke About Election During White House Visit?,Sports,,,,, -17,,,,Originated as Satire,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-unvaccinated-camps/,"In 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden announced his intention to place in ""camps"" anyone not vaccinated against COVID-19 by 2022.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In the summer of 2021, social media users enthusiastically shared screenshots of an earlier, entirely inaccurate article that claimed President Joe Biden had announced his intention to place U.S. residents in “camps” if they failed to be vaccinated against COVID-19.  The headline, which was partially cut off in many cases, read: “[President Joe Biden] Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put in Camps,” and the first paragraph, visible in the screenshots, read: Many of those screenshots were taken from various widely shared Instagram and TikTok posts that themselves promoted the entirely false claim. The screenshot below shows just a selection of posts from Facebook in the summer of 2021 alone, demonstrating its popularity on that platform: In reality, Biden had made no such announcement, and the claim at the center of all those social media posts was entirely fabricated. In fact, the article in question was labelled “satire” by its original authors, and as such, we are issuing a rating of “Originated as Satire.” A significant irony exists in the fact that those chiefly responsible for spreading the false and inflammatory story belong to a movement — COVID-19, anti-vaccine and “New World Order” conspiracy theorists — which so vocally emphasizes the importance of “doing your own research.” In this case, just a few seconds of research would have revealed the true origins of the bogus “Covid camps” story, since the screenshots all included the name of the website that published the article — ValueWalk.com: On that site, those intrepid researchers would have found the article, originally posted on June 21, 2021: If they read to the end, they would also have found the following: “Disclaimer: This is a satirical article.” The original piece was published on June 17 by TheStonkMarket.com, a website that describes its output as satirical, as follows: “TheStonkMarket.com is a financial satire site.” The “Covid camps” episode illustrates vividly the ease with which purportedly satirical content can be stripped of labels identifying it as such and deployed as inflammatory, and even harmful misinformation, that readers, without the immediate benefit of those original disclaimers, take very seriously indeed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-65.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Horizontal-20.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Horizontal-21.png,https://archive.is/cS2Gt,https://archive.is/rVvIa,https://www.facebook.com/search/photos?q=%22Announces%20Americans%20Not%20Vaccinated%20Before%202022%22&sde=AbrfJMmWuFFQA3Ky3H_gHAI5YOGYARrs_r9mzWCyf3br0SfeobAATRBrNjilIsqXJwH3ydPhfBvpMjSxdnpjU8IubLH6rjBs-tfssrHRVIfPXY-qVrAsuorg87OcE8rfDHNMcW2KE0XoYZu38KnLWBf1QKJm7dOGwDiwldRf1JWqTg&filters=eyJycF9jcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lOjAiOiJ7XCJuYW1lXCI6XCJjcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lXCIsXCJhcmdzXCI6XCJ7XFxcInN0YXJ0X3llYXJcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxXFxcIixcXFwic3RhcnRfbW9udGhcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxLTFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfeWVhclxcXCI6XFxcIjIwMjFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfbW9udGhcXFwiOlxcXCIyMDIxLTEyXFxcIixcXFwic3RhcnRfZGF5XFxcIjpcXFwiMjAyMS0xLTFcXFwiLFxcXCJlbmRfZGF5XFxcIjpcXFwiMjAyMS0xMi0zMVxcXCJ9XCJ9In0%3D,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-20-at-13.50.50.png,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-26.png,https://archive.is/ggzoz,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-66.png,https://archive.is/7CyeF,https://archive.is/rJQwc","No, Biden Did Not Say Unvaccinated Americans ‘Will Be Put in Camps’",,,,,, -18,,,,Mixture,Nur Ibrahim,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/nuribrahim/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/homewood-suites-arizona-immigrants/,"A Homewood Suites hotel in Scottsdale, Arizona, has become an illegal safe house for housing “illegal” migrants.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In June 2021, hundreds of protesters and some counter-protesters gathered outside a former Homewood Suites hotel in Scottsdale, Arizona, demonstrating against its housing of families that were seeking asylum. The facility was reported to be operational since late May. Snopes readers shared right-wing media outlet Gateway Pundit’s post about the reported housing of asylum seekers with us. The post claimed that Homewood Suites in Scottsdale was operating as an “illegal immigrant safehouse.” The headline also stated, “Discovered: Migrant Safe House in Scottsdale, Arizona! – ICE and Gov. Agents provide 24/7 security and catering to Illegal Immigrants.” Many asked us if the operation of housing asylum seekers was illegal.  We looked into the circumstances surrounding the use of the facilities, and learned that while families are indeed being temporarily housed in a former Homewood Suites in Scottsdale, Arizona, this is legal, and the facility is no longer officially part of the Hilton hotel chain. Real estate investment trust Woodbridge Holdings, which owns the former hotel, signed a contract with the nonprofit group Endeavors to manage the space as a temporary holding facility for families seeking asylum until at least Sept. 30, 2021. It is not clear yet what will happen after the contract is up, though one report says Woodbridge Holdings is trying to sell the property. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in turn had contracted with Endeavors to manage the temporary housing. According to Endeavors, the former hotel in Scottsdale would house asylum-seeking families for no more than 72 hours. The nonprofit would connect the migrants with U.S. sponsors, and give them transportation to bus stations or airports so they could reach their final destination. While many online claimed that Homewood Suites in Scottsdale was housing the asylum seekers, this particular facility was no longer part of Hilton hotels, which is the larger entity Homewood Suites is associated with. A Hilton spokesperson told us: Woodbridge Hospitality has filed for bankruptcy, and since May 2020, has defaulted on mortgage payments. According to reporting from May 2021, the group has been trying to close a sale of the property with a company that wanted to convert it into an apartment complex. Woodbridge’s lawyers said in court that they expect the sale to be finalized by September.  An ICE spokesperson gave us the following statement: The contract with Endeavors uses around $86.9 million in funds, provides support through Sept. 30, and provides 1,239 beds for emergency temporary shelter and other basic needs in facilities across the southwest border for families seeking asylum. It is not clear how much of these funds are going to the facility in Scottsdale. While ICE reportedly will provide access to medical and mental healthcare, cleaning facilities, hygiene kits, clothing, meals, and individual rooms to allow for social distancing, this has not been independently verified.  Traci Gomez, Chief Development and Communications Officer at Endeavors told us that they had been working with the US government to provide assistance after a rapid influx of migrants at the southern border earlier this year. Gomez added that they had experience with “safely operating shelters in a hotel setting in the COVID environment.”  “The work we do is wholly guided by ICE. Migrant families are placed in hotels to test for COVID, quarantined as necessary as well as provided with complete immigration processing that could not be accomplished at overcrowded Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) facilities. Families are normally in hotel facilities for 2-3 days as they continue processing,” Gomez said.  Meanwhile, the city of Scottsdale also addressed the protests and the use of the facility in a statement on its official website: While details about all the families within the facility are not known, newly arrived families in the U.S. are within their legal rights to seek asylum. According to the UNHCR, non-U.S. citizens who are physically present or arrive in the country may apply for asylum.  Given that ICE, the city of Scottsdale, and numerous news reports have confirmed the operating of this temporary facility for asylum seekers, and it is no longer part of Homewood Suites, we rate this claim as a “Mixture.”","https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/news/temporary-immigration-facility-in-scottsdale,https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/06/discovered-migrant-safe-house-scottsdale-arizona-ice-gov-agents-provide-24-7-security-catering-illegal-immigrants/,https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://archive.li/ZrEIa#selection-465.63-465.109,https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/scottsdale-breaking/2021/06/02/hundreds-protest-hotel-turned-migrant-holding-facility-scottsdale/7518494002/,https://www.hilton.com/en/homewood/,https://archive.li/ZrEIa#selection-465.63-465.109,https://sam.gov/opp/344bbe2d8fdd48dd9a0d5c5cfe206cde/view?keywords=&sort=-modifiedDate&index=&is_active=true&page=1&date_filter_index=0&inactive_filter_values=false&organization_id=100012075,https://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/news/temporary-immigration-facility-in-scottsdale,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-86-million-hotels/,https://www.unhcr.org/591da86b4.pdf",Is an Arizona Hotel Being Used as an Illegal Safe House For ‘Illegal Immigrants’?,,,,,, -19,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, -20,,,,Unproven,Dan MacGuill,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/danmacguill/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/siberian-bear-hunting-suit-armor/,"A widely shared photograph shows a 19th-century, Siberian bear-hunting suit.",2021-07-20,snopes,,"In recent years, internet users and fans of historical curiosities have marveled at a bizarre, even sinister-looking costume covered head to toe in spikes, which is most commonly described as being a “Siberian bear-hunting suit from the 1800s.” Enthusiasts have repeatedly posted largely the same, distinctive black-and-white photograph of the outfit, to the popular online forum Reddit: in 2019; 2018; and 2014. The posts always refer to the object as a “Siberian bear-hunting suit” and largely date it to the 19th century, as shown in the example below: The remarkable photograph, and its description as a Siberian bear-hunting suit from the 19th century, enjoyed a boost online in 2012, after it was featured on the popular, and now defunct, website Retronaut: It has even inspired a song, entitled “Bear Hunting Armor,” which was released by the Prague-based indie band Ending, in 2018. The music video, whose imagery clearly borrows heavily from the now-famous photograph, can be watched below. The band itself described the song as having been “Inspired by a Siberian bear hunting armor from the 1800s.” In reality, conclusive evidence is not available as to the precise origins of the costume — its purpose, creation date, or the geographical and cultural milieu from which it emerged — although it is a real historical artifact and the widely shared photograph of it is authentic. Moreover, good reasons exist to doubt the accuracy of the “Siberian bear-hunting” explanation that has become popular. As such, we are issuing a rating of “Unproven.” If decisive evidence emerges, we will update this fact check accordingly. The picture in question appears to have been taken by Malcolm Kirk, a renowned New York-based photographer. In 2012, the Victorian Adventure Enthusiast blog wrote about the artifact, claiming to have confirmed with Kirk’s representatives that he did indeed take the photograph. As of July 2021, the suit itself was housed at the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas — a museum that contains the private art and artifact collection of the French-American de Menil family. The museum’s website features various photographs of the costume, which is on display as part of the “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision” exhibit: The Menil Collection describes the exhibit, which first opened in 1999, as follows: So we know the suit is real, who owns it, and where it has been on display for the past 20 years, and we know that the widely shared photograph of it is authentic, as well as the name of the photographer who captured it. However, the precise origins of the costume remain elusive.  In her 2014 master’s thesis, available in full here, Kristen Strange at Arizona State University wrote at length, and in considerable detail, about “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision.” As part of her research, she examined records relating to the acquisition of the costume, which was also frequently referred to as “Wildman,” as well as correspondence involving Dominique de Menil, a co-founder of the museum along with her husband, John; their daughter, Adelaide de Menil; and Edmund Carpenter, Adelaide’s husband and an American anthropologist who initially curated the exhibit. Despite her extensive examination of those documents and records, Strange found no evidence to definitively pin down the exact origins of the suit, but did discover some interesting background information, and clues that the outfit might actually have originated in 18th or 19th century Germany or Switzerland, rather than 19th century Russia. She wrote: While the true origins of The Wildman remain uncertain, it appears that it was being described as a bear-hunting suit as early as 1998, and possibly before that. In November of that year, the renowned conservator Barbara Appelbaum wrote an email to her colleagues at the Global Conservation Forum, looking for advice on the use of Beva, a specialist adhesive popular among conservators.  In her email, she described the artifact she was working on at that time in terms that strongly suggest it was The Wildman, especially since her email came just months before the “Witnesses to a Surrealist Vision” exhibit first opened at the Menil Collection. However, it should be noted that in her email, Appelbaum cast doubt on the “bear-hunting” description of the item:","https://archive.is/6UHzs,https://archive.is/7Xmz9,https://archive.is/xAGZv,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Square-64.png,https://archive.is/wcQlE,https://web.archive.org/web/20120724085816/http://www.retronaut.co/2012/07/siberian-bear-hunting-armour-c-1800s/,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Copy-of-Rating-Overlay-Vertical-25.png,https://archive.is/5EZbn,https://web.archive.org/web/20120827205358/http://malcolmkirk.com/site/about,https://archive.is/lM8ti,https://archive.is/3xTGT,https://archive.is/DL5tU,https://web.archive.org/web/20161212233610/https://www.menil.org/collection/5137-witnesses,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/Screenshot-2021-07-20-at-12.20.00.png,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720164019/https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/134945/content/Strange_asu_0010N_13845.pdf,https://archive.is/IxuzG,https://web.archive.org/web/20210713074650/https://cool.culturalheritage.org/byform/mailing-lists/cdl/1998/1372.html",Is This Bizarre Costume a ‘Siberian Bear-Hunting Suit’?,,,,,, -21,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/80-million-year-old-shark/,A video shows an 80-million-year-old shark that was discovered in Japan.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"In July 2021, a video was circulated on social media that supposedly showed an 80-million-year-old shark discovered off the coast of Japan: This is a genuine video of a frilled shark or Chlamydoselachus anguineus. However, the wording of this caption left some people with the wrong impression of this shark’s age.  This shark is not 80 million years old. Not even close. While the exact lifespan of a frilled shark is unknown (these sharks are difficult to study as they live some 2,000 feet below the ocean’s surface), one estimate holds that this species lives for about 25 years.  So why the huge discrepancy? The 80 million figure refers to how long this species’ ancestors, not this individual shark, have been swimming in Earth’s deep waters. The frilled shark is often referred to as a “living fossil” because its lineage can be traced back more than 80 million years. National Geographic explained: While today’s frilled sharks resemble the fossils of their 80 million-year-old ancestors, the Smithsonian Institution’s Ocean Initiative writes that they aren’t entirely identical: The above-displayed video was taken in 2007 off the coast of Japan by a staff member of the Awashima Marine Park. This “living fossil” was about 5 feet long and died shortly after it was caught. Reuters reported at the time: Here’s a video report about the 2007 sighting: See also from Snopes:","https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shark-japan/japanese-marine-park-captures-rare-shark-on-film-idUST9810720070124,https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chlamydoselachus_anguineus/,https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/prehistoric-frilled-shark-bycatch-deep-sea-spd,https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/sharks,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shark-japan/japanese-marine-park-captures-rare-shark-on-film-idUST9810720070124",Is This an 80-Million-Year-Old Shark?,,,,,, -22,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/canadians-peanut-butter/,A photograph shows how peanut butter is sold in Canada — in plastic wrap packaging.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"In July 2021, American social media users started mocking their Canadian counterparts over a photograph that supposedly showed how the United States’ northern neighbors purchased their peanut butter.  This is a genuine photograph of a slab of loose peanut butter being sold in plastic wrap packaging, but this picture did not originate in Canada.  The above-displayed image is a cropped version of a photograph that has been circulating on social media since at least May 2021. At the time, it was going viral as if it showed how peanut butter was being sold in Ohio.  The origins of this peanut butter packaging was again mislabeled. So where does this photograph come from? It was originally posted on May 28, 2021, by Facebook user Dane Moses Greaves, who identifies as being from from Trinidad and Tobago. The original post also added some context. Greaves writes that a friend reported he sold loose peanut butter at a grocery store in that country in the Arima region. This seemed implausible to Greaves, so the friend sent a photograph to prove it was real: While many people may be used to buying peanut butter by the jar, selling loose peanut butter by weight isn’t unprecedented. Grocery stores used to sell the item by the pound. A grocery store in Pennsylvania sold it for 20 cents a pound in 1919. While it’s not as common today, loose peanut butter can still be purchased by weight in some parts of the world. [See also this fact check where we debunked a viral post claiming “three reasons you should stop eating peanut butter cups” or this fact check where we investigated a rumor alleging peanut butter can diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease.]","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/peanut-butter.jpg,https://twitter.com/seattlesloth_/status/1398800150714269696?lang=en,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/peanut-butter-packaging-meme.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/dane.greaves/posts/10158098585545777,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81819484/",Do Canadians Buy Loose Peanut Butter in Plastic Wrap Packaging?,food,,,,, -23,,,,True,Madison Dapcevich,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/madison/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/is-this-glass-octopus-real/,A viral video captured by the Schmidt Ocean Institute in July 2021 showed a rare glass octopus so named for its nearly completely transparent body.,2021-07-19,snopes,,"Completely translucent but for a few specks of yellow-hued organs, a rare glass octopus made its debut on a live recording captured by scientists aboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor in July 2021. And after footage of the glass octopus went viral online, the exploration agency took to social media on July 10 to “clear up” facts about the deep-sea animal. Spotted at a depth of over 2,100 feet at an underwater mountain known as a Seamount, relatively little is known about the species known scientifically as Vitreledonella richardi. This is in large part due to its deep marine home — most of what is known about V. richardi has been deduced by specimens found in the stomachs of its predators. Very few records exist and until now, there has been limited footage of the glass octopus. “The Ocean holds wonders and promises we haven’t even imagined, much less discovered,” said Wendy Schmidt, co-founder of Schmidt Ocean Institute, in a news release. “Expeditions like these teach us why we need to increase our efforts to restore and better understand marine ecosystems everywhere — because the great chain of life that begins in the ocean is critical for human health and wellbeing.” The footage was captured by E/V Falkor, a research vessel operated by the Schmidt Ocean Institute that conducts mapping surveys, collects live video footage, and conducts experiments to better understand the marine world. The vessel was exploring the Winslow reef complex on Tokelau Ridge in Phoenix Islands Archipelago, a remote region in the South Pacific about halfway between Hawaii and Fiji. This group of eight atolls and two submerged coral reefs encompasses a protected area that measures about the size of California and is rife with a diversity of marine life. Among the many species captured on live video were two sightings of glass octopuses, which the World Register of Marine Species noted was first described by Parisian marine biologist Louis Joubin in 1918. The pelagic octopus swims through the ocean far above the seafloor and is thought to be one of the least studied cephalopods, largely because the animal is so elusive, according to a 2016 study published in the journal Marine Biodiversity Records. So named for its nearly transparent body, the only features of the octopus that are not clear are the optic nerve, eyeballs, and digestive tract. Additionally, cells known as chromatophores use pigmentation to create color for camouflage and can be seen in the video in the form of yellow dots throughout the web and arms of the animal.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature classified the glass octopus as a species of “least concern.” With a mantle that can reach up to 4.3 inches for a total length of about 18 inches from tip to arm, the deep-sea cephalopod is also characterized by its elongated eyes that look rectangular from one side. With a lens at one end and a retina on the other, this unique eyeball makeup paired with its transparent body cast a small shadow to predators below. “Working with scientists and local researchers, this expedition is a remarkable example of the frontiers of science and exploration that we are able to support,” said Jyotika Virmani, executive director of Schmidt Ocean Institute. “Live-streaming the dives gives us a glimpse of rarely seen and fascinating creatures such as the transparent glass octopus. By providing this platform to further the understanding of our ocean, we trigger the imagination while helping to push forward scientific insights and the protection of our underwater world.”","///Users/madisondapcevich_snopes/Library/Mobile%20Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/200987851942761,https://schmidtocean.org/scientists-explore-seamounts-in-phoenix-islands-archipelago-gaining-new-insights-into-deep-water-diversity-and-ecology/,http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141962#sources,https://mbr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41200-016-0041-6,https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cephalopod-camouflage-cells-and-organs-of-the-144048968/,https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162988/961420",Is This Glass Octopus Real?,,,,,, -24,,,,Mixture,Jordan Liles,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/i-am-your-father-1980-reaction/,"A video posted online includes sound that was recorded inside a movie theater in 1980 during the pivotal ""I am your father"" scene from ""The Empire Strikes Back.""",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On Jan. 3, 2020, a YouTube video was uploaded that purported to show a movie theater’s 1980 audience reaction to Darth Vader‘s pivotal “I am your father” line of dialogue from “Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back.” The video title read: “‘I am your Father’ – Cinema Reaction (1980).” The description claimed that it was “found in Goodwill in January 2017.” As of July 2021, the viral video was nearing 10 million views and had likely been played millions of more times after being reposted elsewhere. The only problem: The sound was fake.  The “I am your father” audio was not from a 1980 audience reaction to the scene. Further, it appeared that a mention of “Luke” had been added into the scene between “no” and “I am your father.” The sound of audience members gasping and saying “no!” appeared to be captured in a movie theater during an important and spoiler-filled scene near the end of 2018’s “Avengers: Infinity War.” The same reaction heard in the doctored video above at the 0:57 mark can be listened to in the video below beginning at the 25:40 point:  The misleading “Star Wars” video has also been endlessly reposted on TikTok, earning an unknown number of total views. Unfortunately, the doctored and very viral video overshadowed a real recording from the film’s initial release. It was captured on audio cassettes inside a movie theater in 1980. That genuine recording was combined with video of the “I am your father” scene, and begins at the 4:10 mark in the video below:  The video only had 29,000 views, around 310 times less than the fake clip. The real audience reaction seemed to feature silence and shock at Darth Vader‘s famous line, perhaps with audience members not knowing if he was telling Luke Skywalker the truth. The 1980 audio cassette recording was first posted in 2011 by the user morgands1 on the website originaltrilogy.com, who also purportedly recorded audio of an audience reacting to 1977’s “Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope“: As previously mentioned, there also appeared to be a real audio recording from a 1977 screening of “Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.”  YouTube user William Forsche posted the audio in 2013. The audio recording captured his mother’s reaction as well. “Hearing her laugh (@ 0:42 & @ 2:54) and cheer with me and the rest of the audience is absolutely priceless to me,” Forsche said. Perhaps the most priceless moments of Forsche’s recording came when Han Solo swooped in to save the day and also at the end of the clip when moviegoers could be heard walking to their cars after the movie ended. Forsche said: “You can also hear me making laser beam sounds at the end of this recording, because ‘Star Wars’ got me all fired up!” As for the rumor about “The Empire Strikes Back,” in sum, the viral video that claimed to feature a 1980 cinema audience reacting loudly to “I am your father” was fake. However, a real audio recording from 1980 really does exist, but the audience was quiet, not vocal, after Darth Vader‘s pivotal line of dialogue.","https://www.snopes.com/ap/2020/11/29/dave-prowse-actor-who-played-darth-vader-dies-at-85/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2018/07/31/draft-poster-empire-strikes-back-sells-26400/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/goodwill-executives-arrested/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZCo_hZLyh0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disney-trademark-norse-gods/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DzVIafBMpE&t=1536s,https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/07/star-wars-proposal-trailer-video/,https://www.tiktok.com/@beaaannnnzzzzz/video/6986442752363957510,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMGnKhxhTWg&t=245s,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vatican-nativity/,https://www.snopes.com/ap/2020/01/13/arizona-store-gives-star-wars-record-back-to-mark-hamill/,https://originaltrilogy.com/topic/ESB-70mm-Soundtrack-1980-in-theatre-recording-Released/id/12501,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxBafn2t5v4,https://www.snopes.com/articles/347898/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-easter-eggs/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxBafn2t5v4,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/billy-dee-williams-mark-hamill/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMGnKhxhTWg&t=245s,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/james-earl-jones-star-wars-london-segregation/","The ‘I Am Your Father’ 1980 Audience Reaction Video Is Fake, But We Found a Real One","Entertainment, Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back",,,,, -25,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, -26,,,,False,Bethania Palma,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/bethania/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/jetblue-pilots-die-covid/,Five JetBlue pilots died as the result of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.,2021-07-19,snopes,,"In mid-July 2021, Stew Peters, a conservative internet talk show host who has a track record for spreading COVID-19 vaccine misinformation, used his show on the video platform Rumble to spread more COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. Snopes readers emailed us asking about a post seen on Facebook from a Qanon conspiracy theory website containing the headline, “VIDEO: HORRIFIC! – FIVE Jet Blue Airlines Pilots DEAD, Media Intentionally Hiding Vaxx Fears.” The post contained a link to Peters’ show. During that July 16 show, Peters and his guest Dr. Jane Ruby (who is not a medical doctor) claimed that five JetBlue pilots died as a result of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine shot. But oddly Ruby also admitted she didn’t know whether any of the pilots mentioned even received the shot. (We added bold text to the key portion of the quote below): Ruby then goes on to name five JetBlue employees who died between February and May of 2021. JetBlue has about 20,000 employees. In company marketing materials, JetBlue said it encouraged employees to get vaccinated and that the “majority” of crew members had received the vaccine. In obituaries found online for the JetBlue employees named by Ruby, two mentioned the cause of death. In those cases, the deaths had nothing to do with COVID-19 or the vaccine. One pilot died in a UTV accident. Another died of cancer. In a statement emailed to Snopes, JetBlue acknowledged that four pilots died in 2021. One employee named by Ruby wasn’t a pilot, but an inflight crew member. The company called the video an effort to intentionally mislead the public: The claim that five JetBlue “pilots” died from the vaccine echoes a similar claim about British Airways. That claim was also false and used the same method of apparently trawling the internet for people from the same airline company who died in prior months, then claiming without evidence they died from the vaccine. Peters and Ruby had previously taken to the show to claim that the vaccines were injected magnets into people, a claim that spectacularly backfired in an attempted live demonstration that went viral: We are rating this claim “False” because it comes from an unreliable source with a track record for spreading misinformation, and by the source’s own admission, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim. We also note that the evidence that is available — namely the cause of death in two of the five cases — directly contradicts the claim.","https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9E94UF-1,https://archive.is/Ec2Hu,https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/08/21/qanon-2020-election/,https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-jane-ruby-49971411/,https://www.jetblue.com/safety,https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/kinston/name/alan-herring-obituary?pid=198826353,https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/04/obituarybenjamin-c-ingraham/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/british-airways-pilots-died-covid-vax/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/magnets-covid-vaccine/","No, 5 JetBlue Pilots Didn’t Die From the COVID-19 Vaccine","COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccine",,,,, -27,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, -28,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/joel-osteen-ferrari/,"Photographs show Joel Osteen's $325,000 Ferrari.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"In July 2021, a set of photographs supposedly showing a $325,000 Ferrari 458 Italia owned by Joel Osteen, televangelist and megachurch pastor, was widely circulated on social media: While Osteen may own an expensive car (or two), he does not own the vehicle shown in this picture. It should also be noted that reports about Osteen owning a Ferarri 458 Italia have not been verified. In fact, some news outlets that initially published this claim, such as the Houston Chronicle, have since deleted their articles.  We have not been able to find any verified reporting that Osteen owns a $325,000 Ferrari. There don’t appear to be any photographs of Osteen driving this exotic sports car, and we have not been able to find any statements from Osteen in which he talks about an exotic collection.  This rumor appears to be little more than an assumption. Osteen does have a reported net worth in the tens of millions (more on that later) and a large house in Houston, Texas. It certainly seems possible that Osteen has purchased an exotic car (or two), but so far these reports are not verified.  As for the photographs above, one (the top right image in the above-displayed meme) was originally posted to an Exotic Cars Flickr page in 2010. A spokesperson for the Exotic Car Life Flickr account told us that the photograph was taken in Coral Gables, Florida down the street from the luxury car dealership The Collection. They told us that they saw the car, which they believed to be a customized order, at one other event and provided us with numerous photographs, none of which featured Osteen. The spokesperson said: “I saw the car on another occasion at an event, no Joel Osteen was seen.”  It should also be noted that this meme features photographs of two different Ferraris. As noted above, one pic shows a custom Ferrari in 2010 in Florida. The other photograph shows a Ferrari in Zurich, Switzerland in 2013. The following video appears to be the source of the second photo:  In addition to this video’s being taken in Switzerland, not Houston, Texas, where Osteen resides, the driver can be seen toward the end of this video, and it is not Osteen.  It’s worth nothing that in 2018, an associate pastor at Osteen’s Lakewood Church was criticized for buying his wife a $200,000 Ferrari.  As these pictures went viral, a number of other claims about Osteen’s net worth were circulated on social media. One viral tweet, for example, claimed that Osteen had a net worth of more than $40 million, that he lived in a $10.5 million mansion, and that his Lakewood Church received $4.4 million in PPP Covid-19-relief loans. These claims, in general, are true. However, there’s a little nuance that should be noted.  Osteen does own a home in Houston that is valued at around $10 million, and his Lakewood Church did receive a $4.4 million PPP loan. Claims about Osteen’s net worth, however, are just estimations. We found estimates for Osteen’s net worth ranging from $40 to $100 million, which indicates that these are little more than guessing. While we can’t determine Osteen’s exact net worth, it is safe to say that he’s wealthy. The bulk of Osteen’s fortune appears to come from book sales. In addition to being a megachurch pastor and a televangelist, Osteen is also a successful author. In 2006, The New York Times reported that Osteen’s 2004 book “Your Best Life Now” sold more than 3 million hardcover copies: Osteen talked about his wealth during an interview with PennLive in 2013:","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/osteen-ferrari.jpg,http://web.archive.org/web/20210719155332/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://www.flickr.com/photos/exoticcarlife/5019421600/in/photostream/,.com/news/houston-texas/article/Houston-Joel-Osteen-Lakewood-Church-pastor-Ferrari-16324077.php,https://houston.culturemap.com/news/real-estate/07-04-10-after-move-to-river-oaks-joel-osteen-wants-to-sell-tanglewood-land-for-11-million/#slide=0,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/osteen-coronavirus-loan/,https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Lakewood-Church-pastor-Joel-Osteen-By-the-numbers-6418086.php,https://www.inquisitr.com/1282934/joel-osteen-denies-being-a-prosperity-minister/,https://www.nickiswift.com/208920/the-most-expensive-things-joel-osteen-owns/#:~:text=Unlike%20an%20ordinary%20pastor%2C%20Joel,according%20to%20Celebrity%20Net%20Worth.,https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/15/business/media/religious-broadcaster-gets-rich-contract-for-next-book.html,http://pennlive.com/midstate/2013/05/joel_osteen_harrisburg_pennsyl.html","Does Joel Osteen Own a $325,000 Ferrari?",,,,,, -29,,,,False,David Emery,2017-11-14,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/david-emery/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/edward-mordrake/,"A nineteenth-century British man named Edward Mordrake (also spelled ""Mordake"") was born with a rare medical condition in the form of a extra face on the back of his head.",2017-11-14,snopes,,"One of the more interesting historical nuggets to cross our transom in recent years is the claim that a certain English gentleman of the nineteenth century named Edward Mordrake (or “Edward Mordake,” according to older sources) was born with a bizarre medical condition so troubling that it drove him to suicide: Albeit popularized in the 2000s via memes, songs, and TV shows, the Edward Mordrake story isn’t of recent origin, having aroused the morbid interests of Victorian readers more than a century ago in Gould and Pyle’s Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine, first published in 1896. This is how the authors of that hefty volume recounted it: Despite the credulous reception the story has frequently received, there are plenty of reasons to be skeptical. For one, the entire passage about Edward Mordrake was quoted from what the authors describe as “lay sources” (more about which later), which sets it apart from other entries (such as their account of the life of Joseph Merrick, the “Elephant Man”) drawn from actual medical case histories. For another, it is heavy on melodrama (e.g., “he was kept from his rest at night by the hateful whispers of his ‘devil twin,’ as he called it”), while giving only the slightest nod to science (apart from applying the now-antiquated medical classification “bicephalic monsters,” there is really no scientific verbiage at all). And although it purports to cite two attending physicians, “Manvers and Treadwell,” a critique of the entry in the 1906 edition of The Theosophical Review reported that the names appeared nowhere in the Dict. of National Biography (a Victorian-era Who’s Who). The origin of the black-and-white photograph purporting to show Edward Mordrake and his “devil twin” in profile (which has appeared in Internet postings since 2007) is unknown. Despite its “vintage” appearance, the image exhibits greater resolution and clarity than what is typically seen in photographic reproductions of the mid-to-late Victorian era (e.g., the 1889 photograph of Joseph Merrick published in the British Medical Journal). It appears, in fact, to be a retouched photo of a wax figure in the Panoptikum Wax Museum in Hamburg, Germany: A Case of Asymmetrical Conjoined Twins? There does exist a real medical condition, Craniopagus parasiticus, whose symptoms bear a very basic resemblance to those described in this case. It’s an extremely rare complication in conjoined twins wherein one of the pair is underdeveloped and less than fully functional (hence “parasitic”), and takes the form of a vestigial head attached to the cranium of the “autositic” (dominant) twin. According to a 2016 case report, there have only been ten or fewer recorded cases of Craniopagus parasiticus in history, “of which only three survived past birth and were documented in the literature.” Of those three, two died before the age of two, despite surgical attempts to save the life of the autositic twin. The third, known famously as the “two-headed boy of Bengal,” lived to be four years old and was reported to be in good health until he was bitten by a cobra and died. Most significantly, as regards the Edward Mordrake case, conjoined twins are by definition genetically identical, so they are always of the same sex. The “devil twin” described in that case was female, while the autositic twin was male (though it could be argued, of course, that the vestigial face was misidentified as female). That the “sneering” face had no audible voice comports with such information as we have on real cases of Craniopagus parasiticus, but the claims that it exhibited “every sign of intelligence” and taunted the poor man with “hateful whispers” do not. Accounts of the two-headed boy of Bengal said the vestigial face in that case could “grimace” and its eyes were observed moving, for example, but though there could have been some sort of rudimentary consciousness present there were no signs of intelligence. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Mordrake might have suffered instead from a congenital defect known as Diprosopus (or craniofacial duplication), in which facial features are duplicated to a greater or lesser extent on other areas of the head (in the rarest cases, the full face is duplicated). The mechanisms behind this deformity aren’t fully understood, although many researchers believe it to be another rare form of conjoined twinning. Although somewhat more common than Craniopagus parasiticus (with just under 50 instances documented since the mid-nineteenth century), Diprosopus has a similarly poor survival rate, with most cases ending in stillbirth. In short, although science does offer theoretical explanations for Mordrake’s condition, they are few and only marginally plausible. About Those “Lay Sources” Gould and Pyle reported in 1896 that the “well-known story of Edward Mordake” they quoted was taken from “lay sources” — plural — despite the fact that there was really only one. Science historian Alex Boese has traced the quoted text, verbatim, to a syndicated newspaper article written in 1895 by Charles Lotin Hildreth, a poet and author of speculative fiction: What all these “wonders of science” had in common, Boese points out, is that no mention of them is to be found in any previous sources. None. It appears, in other words, that Hildreth simply made them up. Albeit couched as nonfiction, the article was actually a work of speculative fiction in the spirit of other scientific hoaxes of the time, such as the infamous life-on-the-moon hoax of 1835 and the Cardiff Giant hoax of 1869. Boese concludes — convincingly, we find — that Edward Mordrake was the literary creation of Charles Lotin Hildreth. He never really existed.","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2017/11/edward-mordrake.jpg,https://www.memecenter.com/fun/2008989/edward-mordrake,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGci5Tlur9o,http://americanhorrorstory.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Mordrake,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA188#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=4k1rAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://books.google.com/books?id=sowkAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josephmerrick1889.jpg,https://youtu.be/2yIeG4Ldp4M?t=66,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5134060/,https://web.archive.org/web/20080327214927/www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/148/the_twoheaded_boy_of_bengal.html,http://hoaxes.org/weblog/comments/edward_mordake,https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/moon-shot-race-a-hoax-and-the-birth-of-fake-news,https://www.livescience.com/55787-cardiff-giant.html","Edward Mordrake, the Man with Two Faces",medical anomalies,,,,, -30,,,,Miscaptioned,Dan Evon,2021-07-16,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/dan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-largest-mushroom/,A photograph shows the world's largest mushroom.,2021-07-16,snopes,,"A pair of images supposedly showing the “world’s largest mushroom” in Oregon are frequently circulated on social media along with a piece of text describing the Armillaria ostoyae, or the honey mushroom. These images are frequently accompanied by a piece of text about honey mushrooms, such as this paragraph that went viral when it was posted to Facebook in May 2021: “Giant mushroom, Oregon ……… Armillaria ostoyae, commonly known as the honey mushroom, is bigger than most animals, and is considered the largest and oldest organism on Earth. The mushroom covers 3,726563 m 2 of Malheur National Forest, Oregon, and is estimated to be around 8,650 years old.” While Armillaria ostoyae is a real mushroom and is considered to be one of the largest and oldest organisms on earth, it is not pictured in these images. The above-displayed images are the result of photo manipulation.  The “largest mushroom in the world” may conjure up images similar to the giant individual mushrooms shown in these viral photographs. However, Armillaria ostoyae‘s impressive growth takes place across (and under) the ground, not up into the air. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) writes that this “humongous fungus” is spread out across thousands of acres of the Malheur National Forest. Since this is a single organism, it is considered to be the largest mushroom in the world, but photographs of this humongous fungus are not quite as impressive as the fake photos shown above. Here’s a genuine picture of Armillaria ostoyae from the USDA: The BBC explained: As for these digitally edited works of fantastical fungus, we’ve been able to track down the source of one of them. The image showing a group of people staring up at a humongous fungus was created circa 2000 by a fungal biology student at the University of California, Berkeley. This image was created as a joke by Dirk Redecker, who is now a microbiologist and curator for the International Bank for the Glomales (an order of symbiotic fungi) at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. We reached out to Redecker for comment and will update this article if more information becomes available.  When Waffles at Noon reached out to Tom Bruns, Professor Emeritus of Fungal Ecology at Berkeley, for more information about this photo, he identified the mushroom as “Boletus photoshopus” and noted that it was pictured in its natural habitat, the digital photo. Bruns elaborated on the origins of this image in an email to Snopes. Bruns told us that this fake image was made circa 2000 as a “fun lab portrait.” Bruns and his then-student Redecker used an image of a Boletus rex-veris, a mushroom that stands about 8 inches tall, to create the giant mushroom pictured in this image. Bruns said: We have not been able to source the second image. However, we can say with absolute certainty that it is not a genuine photo of a fantastically large fungus. In fact, the Malheur National Forest has commented on this fake photo, writing: “Every few months a new crazy giant mushroom image shows up on social media referring to the Humongous Fungus on the Malheur National Forest. While it is true the fungus is the largest living organism it looks nothing like this.”","https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/giant-mushrooms.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10220626239988363&set=a.3959974040203,https://web.archive.org/web/20190803005438/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_033146.pdf,https://www.snopes.com/tachyon/2021/07/worlds-largest-mushroom.jpg,http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world,http://science.redeckeria.org/monsterbolete1b.jpg,http://wafflesatnoon.com/debunking-the-worlds-largest-mushroom-photo/",The World’s Largest Mushroom Looks Nothing Like These Viral Images,,,,,, -31,,,,False,Jordan Liles,2021-07-20,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jordan/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/toilet-paper-roll-seat-night/,An advertisement revealed why people should always place an empty toilet paper roll under the toilet seat at night.,2021-07-20,snopes,,"Since at least July 2021, online advertisements have displayed a picture of the cardboard from an empty toilet paper roll propping up a toilet seat. The ads appeared to promise a handy bathroom trick. For example, this ad appeared next to an article on the New York Post website. The ad read: “[Pics] Always Place a Toilet Paper Roll Under the Toilet Seat at Night, Here’s Why.” It was sponsored by the Maternity Week website. Clicking on the ad led to a 41-page slideshow article and a headline that read: “These 40 Brilliant Tricks Will Make Even The Hardest Items To Clean Sparkle.” The story’s first page read as follows: On that first page, the story once again teased some grand trick with a cardboard toilet paper roll, perhaps involving a toilet seat and nighttime. The web address (URL) even mentioned the toilet paper trick for what is known as UTM tracking. This meant that the website’s creator was tracking whether the ad was successfully getting clicks and bringing in readers. After all, someone was apparently paying to run the ads on the Outbrain advertising network, so it’s typically important to figure out if they’re worth the investment. The article contained several odd household tricks. One claimed it would be good to put hairbrushes in the dishwasher. Another advised about pouring various liquids down the drain, which we covered in two previous fact checks about dish soap and salt. We also found a questionable oven cleaning tip, plus purported bread uses, which we also covered in the past. On page 41, which was the last page, a toilet paper roll trick was finally revealed. However, it had nothing to do with placing it under a toilet seat at night. It simply advised to attach a cardboard roll to a vacuum cleaner hose to reach crevices. The 41-page article never mentioned a word about why to always place a toilet paper roll under a toilet seat at night. It was nothing but clickbait. We clicked “next page” 40 times so you don’t have to. We looked to home improvement websites such as BobVila.com to see if there was perhaps a legitimate purpose for the toilet paper roll going under the seat. However, we found no such tips, tricks, or “life hacks.” We’ve clicked through thousands of pages in these kinds of strange slideshow articles that come from scammy ads. The subjects have included Tom Selleck, Disneyland, Costco, Alex Trebek’s net worth, and around 100 other topics. Check out our entire collection. Each of our stories is presented on a single page.","https://www.snopes.com/news/2021/07/19/bill-burr-cnn-fox-rant/,https://archive.ph/qBs0S,https://archive.ph/9A9Vw,https://archive.ph/TlMCp,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pouring-dish-soap/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pour-salt-down-your-drain/,https://archive.ph/NPKuA,https://archive.ph/qhJ6C,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vinegar-bread-garage/,https://archive.ph/N7HVK,https://imgur.com/a/E2zK2,https://www.bobvila.com/articles/best-toilet-paper/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tom-selleck-rumors/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/disneyland-space-mountain-prank/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/truth-costco-kirkland-meat/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/alex-trebek-net-worth/,https://www.snopes.com/tag/arbitrage-ad-scams/",Should an Empty Toilet Paper Roll Be Placed Under the Toilet Seat at Night?,Ad Scams and Arbitrage,,,,, -32,,,,True,Jessica Lee,2021-07-19,,snopes,https://www.snopes.com/author/jessicalee/,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/embroidery-tattoos/,"A viral video authentically depicts ""embroidery tattoos"" — permanent body modifications that look like stitched patches but are actually 2-dimensional.",2021-07-19,snopes,,"On July 16, 2021, a roughly 60-second video was posted on social media featuring a São Paulo-based tattoo artist who said people often believed his ability to replicate shadow and light in 2-dimensional tattoos, making them appear 3-dimensional, was inauthentic. The video, which was produced by 60 Second Docs and translated from Portuguese to English via subtitles, included this narration by the artist, Duda Lozano:  As you can see, the video included multiple instances in which hands rubbed or touched the tattoos to seemingly prove that they were flat on someone’s skin instead of textured like actual embroidered patches. To investigate further, we studied the artist’s Instagram and Facebook pages, where he posted numerous images and videos of the “embroidery tattoos” over the course of months. One video in which he was tagged presumably showed his work being stretched out across someone’s skin as it was rubbed, proving the tattoos lacked depth that would make them 3-dimensional. Another clip apparently showed him in the process of giving an “embroidery tattoo” using a standard tattoo machine and other tools to make the permanent body modification. Snopes also found profiles by INKED, a magazine that highlights trends in the industry, and My Modern Met that highlighted Lozano’s pieces — evidence that, again, confirmed the realness and credibility of his art. The latter publication — which aims to promote “visually stunning images” across a variety of platforms, such as photography and science, according to its bio — stated: We reached out to Lozano to learn more about how he created the optical illusions. We will update this page if we hear back. Nonetheless, we found no evidence of any digital manipulation or Lozano using practices that would not apply to other types of tattooing, such as neo-realism or traditional line work. (In fact, based on his social media pages, he was also capable of those styles.) For those reasons, and considering the evidence outlined above, it is “True” that the so-called “embroidery tattoos” are authentic body modifications that look like 3-dimensional stitched patches but are actually flat on people’s skin, like all other tattoos. See also from Snopes:","https://www.facebook.com/1439322439499211/posts/3941976959233734,https://www.instagram.com/60secdocs/?hl=en,https://www.instagram.com/dudalozanotattoo/,https://www.facebook.com/dudalozanotattoo-389178965046177/?ref=page_internal,https://www.instagram.com/p/COsyE9WiANR/,https://www.instagram.com/p/BxA16MPldTd/,https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/jurassic-park-tattoos,https://mymodernmet.com/duda-lozano-patch-tattoos/,https://www.pinterest.co.uk/karlbraun1/neo-realism-tattoos/","Yes, a Video Accurately Depicts ‘Embroidery Tattoos’",tattoo,,,,, +0,,,,Pants on Fire,Monique Curet,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/monique-curet/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/instagram-posts/no-evidence-45000-deaths-covid-19-vaccines/,"“45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up.”",2021-07-20,politifact,,"America’s Frontline Doctors, a group known for its false and misleading claims about the pandemic, first made headlines in 2020 when its viral video about hydroxychloroquine got millions of views and was shared by President Donald Trump and Madonna. Now the group is back in the news with a lawsuit that includes a new claim.  ""45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up,"" said a viral Instagram post that cited the lawsuit. The claim was shared in other posts, too.  The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The number of deaths appears to have been fabricated by an unidentified woman, who did not reveal her method for calculating it.  The lawsuit says whistleblower Jane Doe — who it says is not identified by her real name because of concerns about personal safety and losing her job — is ""a computer programmer with subject matter expertise in the healthcare data analytics field, and access to Medicare and Medicaid data maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services."" The lawsuit and an addendum say that in order to calculate her estimate of deaths, Doe examined data from the government’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and compared it with medical claims related to vaccines and patient deaths from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The lawsuit says Doe determined that ""the number of deaths occurring with (sic) 3 days of injection with the Vaccines exceeds those reported by VAERS by a factor of at least 5."" It does not explain her method of calculation or how she arrived at that conclusion.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 The lawsuit and the woman’s calculations do not acknowledge the fact that reporting a death in VAERS does not prove that a person died as a result of receiving a vaccine. VAERS is an open system that contains reports that can be submitted by anyone and are not verified.  The woman used the figure of 9,048 deaths as a starting point for her calculations, according to the lawsuit. That was how many deaths associated with the vaccine had been reported to VAERS as of July 9, the lawsuit asserts. The number appears to be inaccurate, though, since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that through July 19, VAERS received 6,207 reports of death among people who received a COVID-19 vaccine.  And even though the agency has received more than 6,000 reports of death to its database, ""a review of available clinical information, including death certificates, autopsy, and medical records, has not established a causal link to COVID-19 vaccines,"" according to the CDC.  The lawsuit was filed on behalf of America’s Frontline Doctors. The group’s 2020 viral video falsely claimed that the coronavirus has a cure and also made misleading claims about state hydroxychloroquine restrictions, coronavirus case numbers and the impact of nationwide shutdown orders. Dr. Simone Gold, a founder of the group, has made other false claims about COVID-19 and vaccines.  Our ruling  An Instagram post claimed, ""45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up.""  The number tracks back to a woman who did not reveal her method for calculating the figure and who has not been publicly identified. She based her calculations on reports of deaths in VAERS, according to a lawsuit. But the number does not align with data contained in VAERS — and even the reports of death entered into that system do not prove that those people died as a result of receiving a vaccine. VAERS is an open system that contains reports that can be submitted by anyone and are not verified.  Finally, the claim was part of a lawsuit by America’s Frontline Doctors, a group that has peddled many false and conspiratorial claims about COVID-19 and vaccines. We rate this claim Pants on Fire!","https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/jul/29/who-are-doctors-viral-hydroxychloroquine-video/,https://archive.is/rencv,https://archive.is/iMmMq,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/03/vaers-governments-vaccine-safety-database-critical/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/adverse-events.html,https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/jul/28/fact-checking-video-doctors-talking-about-coronavi/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/26/simone-gold/receiving-covid-19-does-not-enroll-you-government-/","No evidence of 45,000 deaths from COVID-19 vaccines","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts",,,,, +1,,,,Pants on Fire,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/instagram-posts/biden-has-not-announced-quarantine-camps-unvaccina/,“Americans not vaccinated before 2022 will be put in camps”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"A social media post falsely states that President Joe Biden has announced a plan to put unvaccinated Americans into quarantine camps in 2022.  The July 20 Instagram post shows a screengrab of an article with a partial headline that reads ""Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put In Camps."" The screengrab includes an illustration of Biden along with text below it that reads, ""President Joe Biden announced his latest effort to stop the spread of COVID-19, he will be putting Americans who have chosen to not be vaccinated, into ‘quarantine camps’ where they will be detained indefinitely until they get their shots."" None of this is true. The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) The claim is a picture of a June 21 post on Valuewalk.com, which includes a ""disclaimer"" at the end of the story that reads, ""This is a satirical article."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook postA photo shows Mike Tyson wearing a T-shirt with an anti-vaccine message.By Gabrielle Settles • June 30, 2021 Biden has not announced any plans for quarantine camps. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has designated what it terms  ""quarantine stations"" at 20 ports of entry and land-border crossings where most international travelers arrive. Health officers in these stations decide whether ill people can enter the country. The CDC has the authority to detain and release any traveler arriving in the U.S. from abroad who may have an infectious disease. Our ruling An Instagram post claimed that Biden announced that Americans not vaccinated by 2022 will be placed in ""quarantine camps."" The claim derives from an article that is labeled ""satirical"" — but it is being shared on social media without that context or disclaimer. Pants on Fire!","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRjcZLAlXU5/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=a725f097-561e-49a6-87de-a75457e6a493,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://archive.is/ggzoz,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/30/facebook-posts/photo-mike-tyson-anti-vaccine-t-shirt-was-altered/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/sep/10/instagram-posts/cdc-and-fema-arent-separating-students-and-parents/,https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/quarantine-stations-us.html",Biden has not announced ‘quarantine camps’ for unvaccinated Americans,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts",,,,, +2,,,,False,Warren Fiske,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/warren-fiske/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/bobby-scott/scott-falsely-accuses-gop-defunding-police/,“Every Republican in Congress voted to defund the police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan.”,2021-07-12,politifact,,"In last fall’s campaigns, Republicans thundered often inaccurate charges that Democrats wanted to defund police departments. U.S. Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., is flipping the script and saying that all congressional Republicans voted to defund police this year when they opposed a $1.9 trillion stimulus plan. ""Every Republican in Congress voted to defund police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan,"" Scott tweeted on July 12.  Scott represents Virginia’s 3rd congressional district, stretching from Norfolk and parts of Chesapeake north through Newport News and west through Franklin.  His claim, echoing a Democratic talking point, melts under scrutiny. Here’s why. The Facts The term ""defunding police'' arose after the 2020 killing of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer. Many advocates say it does not mean abolishing police, but rather reallocating some of the money and the duties that have traditionally been handled by police departments. For example, instead of dispatching police for routine calls involving drug abuse or mental health issues, advocates say it would be better to send officials from social service departments who have training in treating people with those problems. Some of the funds going to police, they say, would be better spent treating mental illness and addiction. Theoretically, that would allow police to put more focus on violent crime. The defund police movement became an attack line for Republicans in 2020, and many Democrats, including President Joe Biden, repeatedly disassociated themselves from it. Moderate Democrats, including Sen. Mark Warner and Rep. Abigail Spanberger of Virginia, said progressives’ calls for defunding police were a large reason congressional Democrats didn’t win as many seats as expected last fall. The American Rescue Plan passed Congress in March 2021 with no Republican support. The $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief package provides aid to individuals, small businesses, nonprofits and the tourism industry. Included in that amount is $350 billion to help state, local and tribal governments recoup revenues they lost because of the coronavirus crisis. The law gives governments choices for using the money, including providing ""premium pay to essential workers or provid(ing) grants to employers of essential workers during the COVID-19 emergency."" In other words, the law does not require governments to spend the aid on essential workers such as police, teachers or medical technicians; it gives them the option to. When lawmakers voted on the bill, there was no guarantee that localities would funnel some of the money to police departments. And the bill did not cut funding to any department. So a vote against the bill giving the states and localities a one-time injection of extra cash was not tantamount to a vote to defund police. Republican leaders never mentioned police funding in their list of reasons for voting against the bill. They criticized the cost of the package, charged that it was filled with Democratic pet projects, and said only a small portion of the money was specifically designated for spending on the coronavirus vaccines. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 Scott’s explanation We asked Scott’s office to back up his statement. Austin Barbera, his press secretary, wrote in an email that the act ""was intended to replace lost revenue during the pandemic and to continue to keep emergency services and cops on the job – among other things."" Barbera sent an NBC article noting that communities in at least 10 congressional districts represented by Republicans who opposed the bill are using some of its relief funds to help their police departments.  He also noted that House Republicans unanimously voted against a separate, $1.9 billion bill to secure the U.S. Capitol after the Jan. 6 insurrection. The measure passed the House on a 219-212 vote and is pending in the Senate. Among other things, it would cover costs the Capitol Police and other security forces incurred in quelling the riot. ""These are just two examples of how House Republicans have all voted against funding the police just this year,"" Barbera said. It should be pointed out, however, that the bill would offer one-time supplements to the security forces and pay for a long list of capital improvements. Opposing the bill does not rise to a vote to take away existing funding. Finally, we should note that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Cedric Richmond, a senior White House adviser, have also accused Republicans of defunding police by opposing the stimulus plan.  Our ruling  Scott tweeted, ""Every Republican in Congress voted to defund the police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan."" The $1.9 trillion stimulus dedicates $350 billion to compensating state, local and tribal governments for lost revenues during the coronavirus crisis. The law gives the governments wide flexibility in using the money, and one option is to spend it on essential workers or their departments.  But the bill never guaranteed that the money would go to essential workers — including police and their departments — when Republicans voted against it. And there’s a huge difference between voting against a possible one-time cash injection into police departments and cutting their existing funding, as Scott implied. We rate Scott’s statement False.","https://twitter.com/BobbyScott,https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/525983-warner-blames-democratic-losses-on-defund-the-police,https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/webb-spanberger-defund-attacks/2020/11/11/9afd6408-2426-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319/actions?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr1319%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=2,https://www.republicanleader.senate.gov/newsroom/remarks/democrats-using-crisis-to-check-off-unrelated-liberal-priorities,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/26/mitch-mcconnell/how-much-goes-covid-19-vaccines-stimulus-bill/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-republicans-who-opposed-covid-aid-still-see-funds-flow-n1272727,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3237?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr3237%22%5D%7D&s=2&r=1,https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/62921-1,https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/fox-news-sunday-on-june-27-2021",Scott falsely accuses GOP of defunding police,"Public Safety,Stimulus,Coronavirus,Virginia,Bobby Scott,Public Safety,Stimulus,Coronavirus,Virginia,Bobby Scott",,,,, +3,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/viral-image/much-evidence-covid-19-vaccines-save-lives-even-th/,"“If the shot actually saved lives, they’d be priced so high that you literally could not afford them, you know like insulin.”",2021-07-16,politifact,,"A meme showing the late comedian George Carlin makes this claim about COVID-19 vaccines: ""If the shot actually saved lives, they’d be priced so high that you literally could not afford them, you know like insulin."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) It’s well established in the United States that the COVID-19 vaccines, while not 100% effective in preventing the disease, have saved lives: A report published July 7 by the Commonwealth Fund found that without a vaccination program, there would have been approximately 279,000 additional U.S. deaths by the end of June 2021. More than 609,000 people in the U.S. have died from COVID-19.The Associated Press reported that only about 150 of the more than 18,000 confirmed COVID-19 deaths in May were in fully vaccinated people, according to its analysis of data from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That translates to about 0.8%, meaning 99.2% of the deaths were among people who were not fully vaccinated.Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said July 1 that preliminary data from a collection of states over the last six months suggest 99.5% of deaths from COVID-19 in these states have occurred in unvaccinated people.  The federal government bought vaccines from the vaccine manufacturers, and Congress mandated that the vaccines be provided free to all people living in the U.S. in an attempt to reach ""population immunity"" — to make it harder for the disease to spread.  According to the most recent Congressional Research Service report, as of March 31, the federal contracts for the vaccines that have received emergency use authorization were worth roughly $6 billion for Moderna, $5 billion for Pfizer-BioNTech and $1.5 billion for Johnson & Johnson.  Vaccine providers signed agreements with the federal government not to charge patients; they can seek reimbursement of their costs through Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance. Federal funds reimburse health care providers for administering the vaccines to people who don’t have health insurance. With regard to insulin, rising prices are a problem for the millions of Americans who rely on the medication to manage their diabetes. The high costs have been driven largely by the business practices of manufacturers, health plans and pharmacy benefit managers, PolitiFact reported. We rate the meme False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=796819154360324&set=a.110100856365494&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jul/deaths-and-hospitalizations-averted-rapid-us-vaccination-rollout,https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-941fcf43d9731c76c16e7354f5d5e187,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/01/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-43/,https://www.cms.gov/covidvax-provider,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/01/upshot/covid-vaccine-hesitancy-cost.html,https://www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/covid-19-care-uninsured-individuals/index.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/no-cost.html#:~:text=The%20federal%20government%20is%20providing,goal%20of%20achieving%20population%20immunity.,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11560,https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/secretary-becerra-letter-to-issuers-providers.pdf,https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/secretary-becerra-letter-to-issuers-providers.pdf,https://www.hrsa.gov/about/news/press-releases/coverage-uninsured-covid19-vaccinations-claims,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/aug/03/donald-trump/trump-inflates-insulin-help-seniors/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/02/chuck-grassley/why-are-insulin-prices-going-chuck-grassley-explai/","Much evidence COVID-19 vaccines save lives, even though they’re free to patients","Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, +4,,,,False,Jon Greenberg,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/jon-greenberg/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/marjorie-taylor-greene/marjorie-taylor-greene-says-hipaa-shields-her-vacc/,Questions about whether she’s been vaccinated are “a violation of my HIPAA rights.”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., has been an outspoken critic of vaccines and masks to stop the spread of COVID-19. After she tweeted that the disease was a threat only to people who are obese or over 65 — very inaccurate medical guidance — Twitter banned her for 12 hours. Greene held a news conference and was promptly asked if she herself was vaccinated. ""Your first question is a violation of my HIPAA rights,"" Greene said July 20. ""You see, with HIPAA rights, we don’t have to reveal our medical records, and that also involves our vaccine records."" HIPAA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and it contains rules governing the privacy of medical information.  But the law has no bearing on whether Greene can be asked about her medical history, according to both legal experts and official HIPAA guidelines. Whether she answers is a matter of personal choice, not the law. The U.S. Health and Human Service Department summarizes HIPAA as setting ""rules and limits on who can look at and receive your health information."" This mainly targets insurance companies and health care providers, which are among the parties the law calls ""covered entities."" These entities can’t share your health records without your permission. If they do, they face stiff penalties.  Notably, employers are not on the list of covered entities. Greene described HIPAA as though it conferred a special protection against being asked about her medical history. Mark Rothstein, a University of Louisville law professor specializing in HIPAA, said Greene is mistaken. ""It is not a general shield that permits individuals to avoid disclosing their own health information,"" Rothstein said. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 6, 2021 in an Instagram postA study found an “82% miscarriage rate” among women between 30 days and 20 weeks pregnant who got an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.By Samantha Putterman • July 9, 2021 ""Individuals often must disclose their health information, or authorize the disclosure by a HIPAA covered entity, when applying for employment, life insurance, etc.,"" Rothstein said. ""The individual does not have to release the health information, but then they may not be hired or offered insurance."" On the specific matter of vaccination status, employers are free to ask workers if they have gotten the shot. That means any member of the public, including the media, can ask the question of a government official who works for them. ""That is not a HIPAA violation, and employees may decide whether to provide that information to their employer,"" the HHS said. Greene’s director of communications, Nick Dyer, told us, ""Congresswoman Greene’s medical records, including her vaccination status, are none of the media’s business."" Our ruling Greene said questions from reporters about whether she’s been vaccinated violate her HIPAA rights.  That’s not true. HIPAA gives people the right to control how hospitals and insurance companies share their medical records, but it gives no blanket protection against being asked health questions, or having to answer them.  Employers may ask employees if they are vaccinated, without running afoul of HIPAA, according to federal guidelines.  Greene can sidestep the question as a matter of personal choice, but not because of HIPAA.  We rate this claim False.","http://v,https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/1320d-6,https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-individuals/guidance-materials-for-consumers/index.html,https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/covered-entities/index.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/facebook-posts/post-misrepresents-preliminary-data-miscarriages-a/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/21/viral-image/no-hipaa-doesnt-prohibit-businesses-asking-about-y/,https://www.hhs.gov/answers/if-my-employer-requires-proof-of-my-covid-19-vaccination-status/index.html",Marjorie Taylor Greene says HIPAA shields her from vaccination questions. It doesn’t.,"National,Legal Issues,Public Health,Coronavirus,Marjorie Taylor Greene,National,Legal Issues,Public Health,Coronavirus,Marjorie Taylor Greene",,,,, +5,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/blog-posting/no-canada-isnt-banning-pilots-flying-if-they-get-c/,“Canada prohibits all vaxxed pilots from flying.”,2021-07-11,politifact,,"On July 19, Canada announced that fully vaccinated Americans could resume visiting the country beginning Aug. 9. So it seems odd that the government would prohibit vaccinated pilots from flying, but that’s what a recent blog post claims.  ""Canada prohibits all vaxxed pilots from flying,"" reads a July 11 headline of a post on a website called ""Alt News.""  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The post includes a screenshot of a page about COVID-19 vaccines on the website of Transport Canada, the country’s transportation department. The page said in part: ""Transport Canada Civil Aviation Medicine does not restrict or limit aviators from taking vaccines that have been approved by Health Canada. Transport Canada (TC) Civil Aviation Medicine (CAM) does not impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada."" It also said: ""While TC CAM places no restrictions or limitations on vaccines approved by Health Canada, it remains the general position of TC CAM that participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification."" The blog post claims that because ""the corona vax is a ‘medical trial,’"" COVID-19 vaccinations ""are ruled to ground all pilots.""  But that misstates facts.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 Transport Canada said pilots wouldn’t be restricted if they took vaccines approved by Health Canada, the country’s health department.  According to Health Canada’s website, it has received 21 applications for drug and vaccine authorizations related to COVID-19. Several vaccines have been authorized for use in Canada, including the AstraZeneca, Moderna and Pfizer vaccines. Others, such as one from a company called Novavax, are still under review.  Transport Canada did not immediately respond to PolitiFact’s questions about the post, but as of July 21, its website no longer included the language about medical trials that was highlighted in the post.  The site now says, ""COVID-19 vaccines that have been approved by Health Canada (Moderna, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)) are considered compatible with Transport Canada Aviation Medical Certification."" The site still says the department doesn’t ground pilots who wish to take those vaccines.  The earlier wording on the site about medical trials was in response to pilots asking if they could take part in vaccine trials Health Canada had organized before some vaccines were approved for general use in the country, a spokesperson for Transport Canada told AFP.  ""Now that Health Canada has approved the vaccines, the comment regarding medical trials is less relevant and we have elected to remove that statement,"" the spokesperson said to AFP. We rate claims that pilots who are vaccinated against COVID-19 can’t fly False.","https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-ease-border-measures-welcome-vaccinated-us-tourists-next-month-2021-07-19/,https://archive.is/o40f8,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://web.archive.org/web/20210713162544if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/authorization/applications.html,https://archive.is/Tgi6c,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FF8QF-1","No, Canada isn’t banning pilots from flying if they get a COVID-19 vaccine","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Bloggers,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Bloggers",,,,, +6,,,,Mostly False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/facebook-posts/old-obama-era-letter-edited-take-aim-biden/,Ex-AARP members wrote this letter criticizing the “Biden Regime.”,2021-07-18,politifact,,"A long letter critical of AARP, the nonpartisan organization that lobbies on behalf of Americans who are 50 and older, is circulating on social media and takes aim at President Joe Biden.  It’s addressed to Barry Rand, who is described as the executive director of AARP. But Rand retired in 2014, and he died in 2018.  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) A version of this letter, signed by Walt and Cyndy Miller in South Carolina, has been online since 2009, when Rand was the CEO of AARP. Snopes investigated its origins back then and confirmed with Cyndy Miller that she did write the letter to Rand. It was in response to a letter they had received encouraging them to renew their lapsed membership. According to the letter that appears in the Snopes fact-check, the Millers said that ""AARP gave us a sense of belonging which we no longer enjoy.""  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 ""The Socialist politics practiced by the Obama administration and empowered by AARP serves only to raise the blood pressure my medical insurance strives to contain,"" the original letter went on to say. But the version that is being shared on Facebook now has been edited and embellished. It criticizes the ""Socialist politics practiced by the Biden Regime"" and  refers to ""illegal perpetrators"" and ""amnesty (aka-make voters out of the foreign lawbreakers so they can vote to continue the government’s free handouts).""   While much of this letter is the same as the Millers’ version, it is being shared as if it’s a new attack on Biden’s policies. In reality, it was written more than a decade ago, when its authors were frustrated with then-President Barack Obama’s administration.  Biden, of course, served in that administration as vice president, but this message has been edited and altered in the years since to mislead readers into believing it is current. It’s not. We rate this post Mostly False.","https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/pelosi-statement-retirement-barry-rand-aarp,https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/history/info-2018/barry-rand-obituary.html,https://www.facebook.com/ron.wilder.37/posts/10222845045689240,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/letter-to-aarp/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/",Old Obama-era letter edited to take aim at Biden,"Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +7,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/viral-image/photo-world-cup-celebration-france-not-anti-vaccin/,Photo shows people protesting against “vaccine tyranny” in France.,2021-07-19,politifact,,"More than 100,000 people in France recently protested the country’s COVID-19 vaccination strategy, and some people are cheering them on online.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 ""France,"" reads one Facebook post showing a photo of Champs-Elysee crowded with people as someone stands on the Arc de Triomphe above holding a French flag. ""People are [email protected] up and uniting [email protected] ¥@xxin€ tyranny and n€w w0rld 0rd€r!"" (Screengrab from Facebook)   France has a long history of powerful protests, but this photo doesn’t show anti-vaccine demonstrators in the streets this year.    This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.)   A reverse image search of the photo shows it was taken in July 2018, after France won soccer’s World Cup. People were celebrating France’s win over Croatia in the final match that year — not protesting French President Emmanuel Macron’s recent announcement that unvaccinated residents would have limited access to restaurants, public events, and more.    There are other photos that show French people protesting in the streets. But this isn’t one of them.    We rate this post False.","https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=104313798609247&set=a.100292735678020&type=3,https://www.politifact.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection,https://www.politifact.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection,https://www.france24.com/en/20181207-france-yellow-vest-protests-aux-barricades-long-history-revolt,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/france-covid-vaccine-pass-protests.html,https://www.politico.eu/article/france-rules-coronavirus-green-pass-vaccine-backlash/","This is a photo of a World Cup celebration in France, not an anti-vaccine protest","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, +8,,,,Mostly False,Madison Czopek,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/madison-czopek/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/tweets/advance-child-tax-credit-payments-wont-usually-req/,“You must give EVERY PENNY” of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"Many American households with children saw their bank account balances increase on July 15 as the IRS began distributing the first in a series of advance child tax credit payments.  The early payments of the child tax credit — which was increased as part of the American Rescue Plan Act — will continue through December 2021 to families of children ages 17 and under. Ultimately, the advance payments will distribute half of a family’s expected total child tax credit for 2021. Families will receive the other half of the credit when they file their taxes. Although many view the payments as a positive step, others took to social media to express their concerns.  ""I see a lot of people celebrating #BidenBucks like its free money,"" reads one since-deleted tweet. ""This is a dollar-for-dollar advance on your taxes. You must give EVERY PENNY of it back when you file next year. It's different from the stimulus money you may have received in 2020 (didn't require repayment)."" We found similar tweets elsewhere, including one that called the credit a ""bait & switch"" and another that described it as a ""scam."" Will people have to pay back the money they receive from the advance payments?  It’s possible, but there are mechanisms in place to prevent that from happening — particularly for the most vulnerable families. In many cases, taxpayers will not have to pay back the money received via the advance child tax credit payments. On its website, the IRS explains that the payments are ""early payments from the IRS of 50% of the estimated amount of the Child Tax Credit that you may properly claim on your 2021 tax return during the 2022 tax filing season."" A family with a child age 17 or younger that has an adjusted gross income of less than $240,000 per year for a single filer or less than $440,000 per year for a couple filing jointly should be eligible to receive at least some portion of the 2021 child tax credit.  To determine eligibility for the advance payments and to estimate the child tax credit a family will earn, the IRS used 2020 tax returns (or 2019 tax returns if a family’s 2020 return has not yet been processed.)  Because the advanced child tax credit payments are based on an estimate of the 2021 tax credit a family will be eligible for, it is possible some families might have to pay back some of the money.  ""If the total (amount of advance Child Tax Credit payments) is greater than the Child Tax Credit amount that you are allowed to claim on your 2021 tax return, you may have to repay the excess amount on your 2021 tax return during the 2022 tax filing season,"" the IRS explained. If a child turns 18 in 2021, for example, that could result in the IRS overestimating a family’s expected child tax credit. It is worth noting that the IRS routinely gets information from the Social Security Administration on valid Social Security numbers, which can be used to determine age. But if, for some reason, a family receives advance payments for a child who is no longer eligible in 2021, the money will likely have to be paid back.  Divorced parents who alternate the years they claim their children as dependents might also encounter a situation where the IRS might send child tax credit payments that would need to be paid back. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 But there are protections in place to prevent families from encountering a situation where they would have to pay money back, according to Elaine Maag, a tax policy expert and principal research associate at the Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center. She said research shows that very low-income families are the most likely to have changing child custody situations or to have experienced a marriage or divorce. To protect those families from having to pay back money, there is a ""hold harmless"" provision in the law.  ""It essentially says if you’re single and have income of under about $40,000, you’re at no risk of paying back erroneous payments,"" Maag said.  Married couples making up to $60,000 are also protected from having to pay back overpayments of up to $2,000 per child because of the hold harmless provision. If a family’s income drastically increased in 2021 compared to the income indicated on the 2020 (or 2019) tax return the IRS used to estimate the family’s tax credit, the outdated information could result in overpayments of the credit that might have to be paid back.  ""It would reduce your refund or increase your tax payment next April,"" April Walker, lead manager of tax practice and ethics at the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, told CNBC. ""That’s how it would be paid back."" Maag said she believes that drastic increases in income resulting in overpayments of the tax credit ""will be rare"" because families will receive the maximum amount of the child tax credit if they earn anywhere between $0 and $75,000 as a single filer (or $112,500 for head of household) or $150,000 for joint filers.  ""Most people won’t go from $0 to a $300,000 per year earnings,"" she said. ""I don’t think that situation will be extremely common.""  She noted that even if a family’s income went from $20,000 a year to $300,000 a year, the family’s child tax credit would only decrease from $3,000 to $2,000 per child. ""Only half of that is being advanced, so it’s not a huge liability,"" Maag said. ""And that’s a really high-income family. They can probably absorb that change in their taxes."" The payments are not taxable income. They are tax credits that reduce a family’s tax bill. Families can choose to opt out of the monthly payments in favor of receiving their child tax credit as a lump sum after filing their taxes using the IRS’s Child Tax Credit Update Portal. The deadline to opt out is about two weeks before a payment is made.  The only way a family will have to pay back the money received in the advanced payments is if the household actually qualifies for a smaller 2021 child tax credit than what the IRS estimated when distributing the payments.  Ultimately, Maag said ""we don’t know the exact answer"" to how many families this might impact. Our ruling A tweet said that ""you must give EVERY PENNY"" of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes. Because the IRS calculated eligibility for the payments based on a family’s 2020 tax return, it is possible that some families, such as those whose incomes dramatically increased in 2021 or parents who alternate claiming children as dependents, could have to pay some money back.  However, ""must"" communicates a sense of certainty that is at odds with the reality of the situation. And even families that end up having to pay back some of the child credit will not necessarily have to pay back ""EVERY PENNY."" Finally, the law includes protections in place to ensure the lowest-income families will not have to pay back erroneous payments.  We rate this claim Mostly False.","https://www.whitehouse.gov/child-tax-credit/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-e-advance-payment-process-of-the-child-tax-credit#e1#e1,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/15/1016122095/the-expanded-child-tax-credit-is-here-heres-what-you-need-to-know,https://19thnews.org/2021/07/child-tax-credit-payments-moms-road-out-of-poverty/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210715160236/https://twitter.com/spankyNspronkle/status/1415702799304859652,https://twitter.com/FairWitnessAnne/status/1416480581576179712?s=20,https://twitter.com/1LookOutHill/status/1417642849462484994?s=20,https://twitter.com/_dharmadad_/status/1417588042131558400?s=20,https://twitter.com/Ary12834200/status/1416540665463246849?s=20,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.cnet.com/personal-finance/taxes/heres-who-isnt-eligible-for-the-300-child-tax-credit-payment-this-week/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/15/1016122095/the-expanded-child-tax-credit-is-here-heres-what-you-need-to-know,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/15/divorced-parents-may-want-to-opt-out-of-the-advance-child-tax-credit.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.cpajournal.com/2021/05/18/icymi-a-first-look-at-the-american-rescue-plan-act-of-2021/,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/21/you-may-have-to-pay-back-some-of-the-new-3000-child-tax-credit.html,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jun/23/what-do-child-tax-credit-coming-monthly-starting-j/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/child-tax-credit-update-portal",Advance child tax credit payments won’t usually require repayment,"Economy,Taxes,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tweets,Economy,Taxes,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tweets",,,,, +9,,,,Mostly False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/tomi-lahren/fact-checking-tomi-lahren-vaccines-and-covid-19-su/,"“Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival.”",2021-07-18,politifact,,"Is a person’s chance of surviving COVID-19 the same, vaccinated or not? ""Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival,"" conservative commentator Tomi Lahren said on Facebook, where she has 4.8 million followers. ""Get vaccinated and you can STILL get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival."" Her post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Vaccines don’t offer 100% protection. Some vaccinated people will get COVID-19, and some of them will die. But Lahren’s claim incorrectly conflates survival rates for the population at large with an individual’s chances of survival, which can vary widely depending on individual circumstances. And in suggesting that vaccines don’t make a difference, Lahren ignores evidence showing vaccines are highly effective at preventing infections that could cause death. ""The statement is really well written to be misleading,"" said Cindy Prins, an epidemiology professor at the University of Florida. ""The interpretation could easily be that there’s no difference between unvaccinated and being vaccinated, in terms of chances of survival. But it leaves out what vaccines do in preventing disease in the first place. ""The vaccine is preventing the vast amount of cases that you would have had,"" Prins added. ""And if you reduce the risk of becoming a case, then you can’t die from COVID.""  Case fatality rates, and why they’re misleading Lahren, a Fox Nation talk show host, did not reply to our request for information to support her claim.  More than 609,000 people have died from COVID-19 in the U.S. Estimates of the U.S. case fatality rate — the ratio of confirmed deaths to confirmed cases — are around 1.8%, according to the U.K. nonprofit Our World in Data and Johns Hopkins University. (Among the 20 countries most affected by COVID-19, case fatality rates range from 0.8% in Thailand and Malaysia, to 9.3% in Peru, according to Johns Hopkins.) Adding in unconfirmed cases — those without a positive test result — would likely bring the U.S. mortality rate below 1%, suggesting a survival rate of over 99%.  However, experts say that the survival rate for the infected population at large is not the same as an individual’s chance of survival after getting the disease. The chance of survival for a given individual or demographic group depends on a host of factors, including age and health history. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans. By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 Figures from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show how just one factor — age — increases the risk of death for a person with COVID-19.  The CDC uses people in the 18-to-29 age group as a benchmark, because that age group has accounted for the largest cumulative number of COVID-19 cases. For people in the 30-to-39 age group, the risk of dying from COVID-19 is four times as high. The risk increases for each older group, with people aged 85 and over being 600 times as likely to die. These figures don’t take into account other risk factors, such as preexisting health conditions, that would affect a person’s chances of dying. Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said that for 20-year-olds broadly, getting vaccinated probably wouldn't reduce their mortality rate much, but for 85-year-olds, it would go down significantly. 99% of recent deaths are among unvaccinated people By comparing survival rates for infected people with and without vaccinations, Lahren’s claim also ignores a significant factor: the impact of vaccinations in preventing infections in the first place.  A report published July 7 by the Commonwealth Fund found that without a vaccination program, by the end of June 2021 there would have been about 279,000 additional deaths. The Associated Press reported that only about 150 of the more than 18,000 COVID-19 deaths in May were in fully vaccinated people, according to its analysis of CDC data. That translates to about 0.8%, meaning 99.2% of the deaths were among people who were not fully vaccinated. Preliminary data for June show a similar pattern: 99.5% of deaths from COVID-19 in a collection of states occurred in unvaccinated people, CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said at a White House briefing July 1. The CDC’s latest data on so-called breakthrough cases says that as of July 12, more than 159 million people had been fully vaccinated. With 48 states and territories reporting, there were 5,492 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among them, and 1,063 deaths. That included 272 deaths that were reported as not related to COVID-19 or in which there were no COVID-19 symptoms. Our ruling Lahren said: ""Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival."" Mortality data shows that some 99% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the U.S. do not result in death, but the survival rate for the population at large is not the same as an infected individual’s chance of survival, which depends on many risk factors. The claim also leaves out important context: the role of vaccines in preventing infections that could lead to death. Preliminary data indicate that in recent months, more than 99% of COVID-19 deaths have been among people who have not been vaccinated. The claim contains an element of truth, but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression — our definition of Mostly False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=359439972211165&set=a.278260926995737&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://ourworldindata.org/mortality-risk-covid?country=USA,https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality,https://ourworldindata.org/mortality-risk-covid#what-do-we-know-about-the-risk-of-dying-from-covid-19,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-age.html,https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jul/deaths-and-hospitalizations-averted-rapid-us-vaccination-rollout,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-941fcf43d9731c76c16e7354f5d5e187,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/01/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-43/,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/health-departments/breakthrough-cases.html",Fact-checking Tomi Lahren on vaccines and COVID-19 survival chances,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tomi Lahren,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tomi Lahren",,,,, +10,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/facebook-posts/deaths-jetblue-pilots-falsely-connected-covid-19-v/,Five JetBlue pilots died from the COVID-19 vaccine.,2021-07-17,politifact,,"A post that’s being shared on Facebook suggests that five JetBlue pilots died in connection to the COVID-19 vaccine, but there’s no evidence to support that.  ""HORRIFIC!"" the July 17 post says. ""Five Jet Blue Airlines pilots are confirmed dead, current Jet Blue whistleblower confirms push for jab continues — how is this SAFE for you and your loved ones? How is this about HEALTH when thousands are dying and they keep PUSHING this poison with coercion?""  The post shares a video of a talk show in which a guest says that a JetBlue pilot came forward to say that ""five JetBlue pilots passed away between February of this year and May."" She says ""there’s no direct information yet about their jab status"" but the show’s host calls the deaths ""suspicious.""  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) JetBlue told PolitiFact that it was ""aware of a report that mentions four of our pilots and one inflight crew member who have passed away this year,"" but said there is ""no connection in their deaths or to the COVID-19 vaccine.""  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 ""The social media video appears designed to intentionally deceive the public and should not be considered a trusted source of information,"" the company said.  In 2020, JetBlue’s full-time staff included about 3,700 pilots and 4,300 flight attendants, according to its annual report. The names of people who died are given in the video in the post. We reviewed their obituaries and found no mention of COVID-19, a vaccine, or the coronavirus.  The obituary of one of the men says he died of kidney cancer. The obituary of a second man says he died after a utility task vehicle accident. The family requested that people attending his memorial service ""wear masks to protect those who are immunocompromised, have health problems, and/or are vulnerable."" The obituary for a third man, a JetBlue crew member,  just says that he died ""unexpectedly,"" and obituaries for the other two men make no mention of cause of death.  Searching more broadly online we found nothing to connect their deaths to the COVID-19 vaccine.  We previously fact-checked a similar claim that the death of four British Airways pilots was connected to the COVID-19 vaccine. British Airways said the deaths weren’t connected to the vaccine. We rated that claim False.  This one merits the same. The suggestion that the deaths of these JetBlue employees was caused by a COVID-19 vaccine is unfounded and in some cases contradicted by the available evidence. We rate it False.","https://archive.is/y7oIF,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,http://blueir.investproductions.com/~/media/Files/J/Jetblue-IR-V2/Annual-Reports/jblu017-jetblue-2020-annual-report-web.pdf,https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/04/obituarybenjamin-c-ingraham/,https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/kinston/name/alan-herring-obituary?pid=198826353,https://obituaries.bangordailynews.com/obituary/mark-daigle-1081948737,https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/20098703/Robert-Glenn-Hampton/Goldsboro/North-Carolina/Seymour-Funeral-Home-Cremation-Service,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/28/facebook-posts/website-falsely-links-british-airways-pilot-deaths/",Deaths of JetBlue pilots falsely connected to COVID-19 vaccine,"Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts",,,,, +11,,,,False,Jon Greenberg,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/jon-greenberg/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/tweets/how-much-co2-did-bezos-rocket-ride-release-close-z/,Says “Jeff Bezos will put 300 (metric tons) of carbon into the atmosphere for 180 seconds in space.”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"When uber-billionaire Jeff Bezos blasted off from a launchpad in Texas for a fast and short trip to near-space, he ignited a burst of claims about the outsized carbon footprint of his adventure. ""Today Jeff Bezos will put 300 tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere for 180 seconds in space,"" said one tweet July 20. Other social posts made the same general point. ""If you are reporting on the Bezos space flight … please mention the carbon emissions."" ""They really should given Bezos trip today = more carbon pollution than avg person’s whole life but oddly most in media refuse to punch up when it comes to climate."" In terms Americans might more clearly understand, the claim is that about 330 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted for Bezos and three companions to ride to a point about 60 miles above the Earth before coming back down. The round trip lasted about 10 minutes, of which about three were spent in weightlessness. Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is one of a handful of private rocketeers aiming to turn space travel into a viable business. His company is called Blue Origin. Given the clouds of dust and fiery plume that come with any launch, it might seem likely that greenhouse gases would be part of the picture. In the case of the engine used in the Blue Origin rocket, that assumption is wrong. Conventional rocket fuels are carbon-based. The BE-3 engine developed by Bezos’ company burns liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.  ""Carbon dioxide isn’t emitted from the Blue Origin rocket that was used for today’s launch,"" said Eloise Marais, an air pollution researcher at University College London. Featured Fact-checkNational Republican Senatorial Committeestated on June 22, 2021 in an adSen. Raphael Warnock “voted for welfare for politicians plan. Up to $25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign.”By Amy Sherman • June 25, 2021 The Guardian newspaper cited Marais in an article about how the rush of billionaires to get to space could dump massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Marais told The Guardian that typically, rockets release 200 to 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide during launch. That didn’t apply to the Blue Origin rocket, Marais said — but the erroneous tweets shared the article in making the claim about Blue Origin anyway. At a press conference after returning from space, Bezos said the Blue Origin rocket used ""​​the most environmentally benign propellant you can choose."" Other private companies — SpaceX, controlled by billionaire Elon Musk, and Virgin Galactic, which took owner Richard Branson into space a week before Bezos — use conventional fuels, and do release carbon dioxide. The Blue Origin flight isn’t a net zero for the environment, however. Marais and other researchers warn that every rocket poses a threat to the ozone layer. Whether it’s water vapor and nitrogen oxides from a Blue Origin engine, or particles from conventional rocket fuels, both degrade the ozone.  We should note that it takes a lot of energy to make most of the hydrogen used today. Those carbon emissions wouldn't come from the launch itself, but they are the reason there's a big push to expand ""green"" hydrogen production. ""In the stratosphere, nitrogen oxides and chemicals formed from the breakdown of water vapour convert ozone into oxygen, depleting the ozone layer which guards life on Earth against harmful UV radiation,"" Marais wrote in The Conversation July 19. Our ruling Social media users tweeted that Bezos’ brief trip to space released 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide.  The trip released none. The rocket’s engine burns hydrogen and oxygen to carry it away from Earth. That doesn’t make these rides risk-free. They do pose a threat to the ozone layer.  We rate this claim False. Update, 10:55 a.m. July 21: After publishing, we updated the article to acknowledge the energy needed to produce hydrogen.","https://twitter.com/karenkho/status/1417142294856278017?s=20,https://twitter.com/EricBalchunas/status/1417498820854824974?s=20,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/national-republican-senatorial-committee/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/national-republican-senatorial-committee/republicans-mislead-welfare-attack-raphael-warnock/,https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jul/19/billionaires-space-tourism-environment-emissions,https://aerospace.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/RocketEmissions_0.pdf,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-announces-525-million-accelerate-progress-clean-hydrogen,https://theconversation.com/space-tourism-rockets-emit-100-times-more-co-per-passenger-than-flights-imagine-a-whole-industry-164601",How much CO2 did Bezos’ rocket ride release? Close to zero,"National,Climate Change,Corrections and Updates,Space,Tweets,National,Climate Change,Corrections and Updates,Space,Tweets",,,,, +12,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/no-saline-injections-are-not-part-covid-19-vaccine/,“Some of you are being injected with saline because it would look too suspicious if everybody died at the same time.”,2021-07-18,politifact,,"A meme being shared on social media suggests there’s a nefarious plot to kill vaccine recipients because of reports of some people receiving shots of just saline.  ""Some of you are being injected with saline because it would look too suspicious if everybody died at the same time,"" the post says.  It was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) In April, news outlets reported that some people mistakenly got saline shots instead of a COVID-19 vaccine at a Walgreens in North Carolina. Walgreens said a ""limited number"" of people at a store received saline injections, according to the Charlotte Observer. Walgreens notified the customers and they were given the COVID-19 vaccine when they returned to the pharmacy.   One woman told a local TV station that Walgreens called them hours after they received their vaccines asking them to come back in because she said ""the pharmacists evidently forgot to mix the vaccine into the saline solution.""  A couple months later, in June, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control said that a ""very limited"" number of COVID-19 vaccines reportedly contained only saline, according to WIS-TV, a local NBC News affiliate.  A woman said that she was called back to the pharmacy she had visited to receive her second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine because it was ""not activated."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 A health department spokesperson said that there were some similar cases and that in each instance, the recipient was contacted to return for the proper vaccine dose.  And back in March, several patients in Ontario, Canada, were accidentally injected with saline instead of the vaccine, according to Newsweek. Saline is used to dilute the COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer before it’s injected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that the preparation instructions for the vaccine direct medical providers to mix it with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, which is saline.  The Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines don’t require mixing with saline. This detailed graphic by the Chicago Tribune shows how all three COVID-19 vaccines that have been authorized for use in the United States make their way from manufacturing sites to arms. Receiving a saline injection isn’t harmful, and millions of COVID-19 vaccine doses have been safely administered in the United States. A rigorous regulatory process and real-world evidence shows that they effectively protect against COVID-19, and the vaccines continue to undergo safety monitoring.  While the CDC has said that three deaths from a rare blood clotting issue could be linked to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, more than 160 million Americans are now fully vaccinated with minimal complications.  The suggestion that people are being injected with saline as part of a bigger, deadly plot against humanity is unfounded and defies evidence.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=141480834763514&set=a.107036721541259&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article250765274.html,https://abc11.com/nc-covid-vaccine-saline-mistake-mix-up/10527645/,https://www.wistv.com/2021/06/28/very-limited-number-saline-only-covid-vaccines-accidentally-given-health-dept-says/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.newsweek.com/group-canadians-accidentally-receive-saline-injection-instead-covid-19-vaccine-1585544,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/pfizer-bioNTech-faqs.html,https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/vaccine/ct-coronavirus-vaccine-process-graphic-20210311-jpct3ri2vvcj7mjy5nkatz6e64-htmlstory.html,https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/is-the-covid19-vaccine-safe,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/27/should-i-get-covid-19-vaccination-answering-questi/,https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/01/28/960901166/how-is-the-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-going-in-your-state","No, saline injections are not part of a COVID-19 vaccine plot","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, +13,,,,False,Bill McCarthy,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/bill-mccarthy/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/tucker-carlson/tucker-carlson-spins-web-misleading-claims-he-alle/,"“It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, last November. That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true.”",2021-07-14,politifact,,"Fox News host Tucker Carlson promoted a number of false, misleading and unsubstantiated claims about election fraud in Georgia in a recent segment on his cable news program. ""It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, last November,"" Carlson said July 14. ""That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true."" Carlson told his viewers he was giving them the ""fact-based,"" ""official version"" of what happened in Georgia, where Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump by more than 11,000 votes in a contest the state’s Republican election officials affirmed was free and fair.  But Carlson’s account of what happened in Fulton County — a Democratic stronghold that includes Atlanta — was neither official nor true. State and local officials and election experts said his claim of fraud reflected a misunderstanding of election procedures. ""Nothing that he brought up points to any voter fraud,"" Richard Barron, Fulton County’s elections director, told PolitiFact. Viral clips from the segment online were flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.)  In the past, Fox News has argued in court that Carlson’s show should not always be viewed as strictly factual, and that his viewers expect him to stray from the truth. Asked about the July 14 segment, a Fox News spokesperson pointed as evidence not to any official record or finding, but to a July 13 press release from VoterGA, a group Carlson cited during his segment.  The group, led by Garland Favorito, is leading a search for evidence of fraud with a lawsuit seeking access to Fulton County’s absentee ballots. A critic of Georgia’s elections, Favorito has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11, John F. Kennedy and other topics. Supports of President Donald Trump holds signs outside State Farm Arena on Nov. 5, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) Here’s the truth behind the main claims Carlson made on air. A warehouse alarm Carlson opened his segment with a dramatic — and misleading — story about an alarm that went off at a warehouse housing ballots in Fulton County this year:  ""On a Saturday night in late May of this year, an alarm sounded in a big, nondescript warehouse in Fulton County, Georgia. The warehouse was an unlikely place for a burglary … But someone tried to do it anyway, and at just the perfect moment, 20 minutes after deputies in charge of guarding the warehouse left their post. By the time those deputies returned to check out the alarm, someone had opened the hundred-pound door to the warehouse. So what happened that night? And why? We still don’t know."" We do know. In fact, a photograph Carlson aired on screen came from a Georgia Public Broadcasting report that explained what happened. A screenshot of a ""Tucker Carlson Tonight"" segment about alleged voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, as seen on July 14, 2021. The alarm that rang did not come from the part of the building housing ballots, reporter Stephen Fowler wrote in June. And the door was opened by off-duty police officers. The kicker: The officers who opened it had been hired as private security by an attorney representing several plaintiffs in the lawsuit seeking access to Fulton County’s ballots — the very people seeking to prove Georgia’s election was marred by fraud. Barron, the elections director, said the alarm was tied to a motion detector in an office belonging to the clerk of the superior court, likely triggered by a rodent.  When it sounded, the Fulton County Sheriff’s deputies watching the building were changing shifts, he said. That left an opening for the litigants’ hired security to approach the building. Barron said that the county clerk had accidentally left a door unlocked, and that those officers had ""illegally trespassed"" when they opened it and entered. He said they ""staged photos to make it look as though the door was wide open.""  The ballots inside remained secured.  Double-scanned ballots Carlson’s second allegation: that Fulton County counted thousands of ballots more than once.  Carlson said VoterGA identified more than 4,000 votes that were duplicates in Fulton County. He also cited an Atlanta Journal-Constitution report about potential double-scanned ballots in the initial count. ""The final tally from the double counts we know about amounts to more than 3,300 votes for Joe Biden and 865 votes for Donald Trump,"" Carlson said. He added: ""We're talking about a lot of ballots, at least hundreds of ballots involved, enough potentially to affect the outcome of the election."" Election workers do sometimes make errors, and Fulton County has had a history of messy elections, said Charles S. Bullock III, a professor of political science at the University of Georgia. But a similar claim that over 4,000 of the county’s ballots were scanned multiple times was rated False by PolitiFact.  ""There is no evidence that thousands of ballots were counted twice,"" said Amber McReynolds, chief executive officer of the National Vote at Home Institute. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the county may have scanned nearly 200 ballots twice before the state’s recounts. But the newspaper added that ""there’s no indication any vote for president was counted more than once in official results."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 13, 2021 in a Facebook postIn the 2020 presidential election, “4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times” and “3,390 went to Biden.”By Tom Kertscher • July 19, 2021 Georgia conducted a hand audit and a machine recount of ballots, both of which upheld Biden’s victory. For a ballot to have counted twice in the official results, it would have had to be scanned twice in the initial tally, then counted twice again during the hand audit and machine recount. ""The chance that you are going to double scan the same batch again is, like you might as well win the lottery,"" Barron said. ""I think the odds are worse."" Fulton County Ga. elections director Richard Barron listens during a press conference while workers scan ballots as part of Georgia's presidential recount on Nov. 25, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) On screen, Carlson showed a video of an election worker feeding ballots through a machine and said it ""appears to show large numbers of ballots being scanned multiple times."" But it’s typical for election workers to have to cancel and rescan some batches of ballots, experts said. The practice is not fraudulent double-counting. It’s what election workers in Fulton County and elsewhere are instructed to do when machines jam up or fail to scan a ballot. Investigators looked into allegations of fraud in Fulton County and found nothing, the Georgia secretary of state’s office told PolitiFact. The recounts corrected some mistakes that had no bearing on the outcome, including in two counties that went for Trump. ""There’s never been an election held in Georgia which has been checked so many different ways,"" said Bullock.  Falsified audit tally sheets Carlson claimed that VoterGA had found ""falsified"" audit tally sheets with ""fabricated vote totals,"" including sheets that logged hundreds of votes for Biden and zero for other candidates. ""It certainly sounds like flat-out criminal fraud,"" he said. The source for the claim, again, was VoterGA’s July 13 press release. PolitiFact reached out to the group for more details and did not hear back in time for publication. But the hand audit in which these tally sheets were used did not produce Georgia’s final, certified results, Barron said. The state’s machine recount did, and it confirmed Biden’s victory. As for the sheets VoterGA said only tallied votes for Biden, Barron said they were likely the result of election workers sorting ballots by candidate during the audit.  ""They would put these into piles, and then on the tally sheet, they would mark the number of votes cast according to the count of each of those piles,"" Barron said. A photo from the audit shows an election worker doing just that, as USA Today reported. The outlet also reported that there were similar batches from the audit with all votes tallied for Trump. ""Since they did use the sorting method during the recount, it is possible for a batch to look like that,"" McReynolds told PolitiFact. An election worker looks at a ballot during Georgia's hand recount of presidential votes on Nov.15, 2020, in Marietta, Ga. (AP) Ballots without creases Carlson said a ""whistleblower"" had captured photos of mail-in ballots without creases.  ""That's strange because of course mail-in ballots need to be bent in order to be mailed in,"" he said as the images ran on screen. ""These ballots clearly had never been inside an envelope."" But many military and overseas voters receive electronic ballots that they print, fill out and return by mail, Gabriel Sterling, Georgia’s voting system implementation manager, told the New York Times in January. These ballots are not the right size for scanners, so election workers under supervision transfer those votes onto normal ballots so the scanners can read them. The same process occurs for ballots that get torn in the scanner, sliced when opening the envelope, or too wrinkled and bent in the mail. During the 2020 election, the process was also standard procedure in Georgia’s Republican counties, CNN’s Daniel Dale reported. ""It is absolutely not proof of fraud,"" McReynolds said. A Fulton County elections worker processes absentee ballots at the State Farm Arena on Nov. 2, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) 35,000 voters moved Carlson's final claim was that thousands of Georgia voters cast ballots from old addresses. ""Nearly 35,000 Georgia voters moved out of their county of residence more than a month prior to Election Day,"" Carlson said. ""They were ineligible to vote. And yet they did."" The source for Carlson’s claim was an article from the Federalist, a conservative website. The article said the figure came from an expert who compared the U.S. Postal Service’s national change-of-address database with data from Georgia’s secretary of state. The secretary of state’s office told PolitiFact it disputed the claim. And an address change for the purpose of receiving mail is not itself proof of a change in residency that would affect voting.  Some college students might continue to vote from their home address while they go to school, Bullock said. Military members stationed at one of Georgia’s many bases could do the same. The Federalist’s article acknowledged what Carlson did not — that those people ""may have been students, members of the military, or may have only relocated temporarily."" Our ruling Carlson said, ""It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia last November. That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true."" To back his claim, the Fox News host rattled off several claims purporting to show signs of fraud. Each was inaccurate, misleading or unsubstantiated, PolitiFact found. Biden’s victory in Georgia was confirmed by two recounts. We rate Carlson’s claim False.","https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-investigates-fulton-county-election-incident,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/05/heres-why-georgias-republican-officials-are-confid/,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.npr.org/2020/09/29/917747123/you-literally-cant-believe-the-facts-tucker-carlson-tells-you-so-say-fox-s-lawye,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://twitter.com/stphnfwlr/status/1415665393306382336?s=20,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://twitter.com/stphnfwlr/status/1415352769607872515?s=20,https://apnews.com/article/2nd-georgia-county-find-uncounted-votes-018eac6ac24733d63d356ee76f485530,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/29/fact-check-georgia-military-overseas-ballots-not-evidence-fraud/7450430002/,https://twitter.com/realLizUSA/status/1415473640653590528?s=20,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/04/us/politics/trump-georgia-election-fraud.html,https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1415784540019347460?s=20,https://archive.is/yhXqz#selection-403.0-406.0,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/11/matt-schlapp/matt-schlapps-baseless-claim-9000-nevada-mail-ball/?wpmobileexternal=true&wpmobileexternal=true",Tucker Carlson spins web of misleading claims as he alleges ‘meaningful voter fraud’ in Georgia,"Georgia,Elections,Pundits,Facebook Fact-checks,PunditFact,Tucker Carlson,Georgia,Elections,Pundits,Facebook Fact-checks,PunditFact,Tucker Carlson",,,,, +14,,,,False,Laura Schulte,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/laura-schulte/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/jill-karofsky/wisconsin-state-justice-misses-mark-how-much-waste/,"“A farm with 2,500 dairy cattle is similar in waste load to a city of 411,000 people.”",2021-07-08,politifact,,"It’s no secret that factory farms produce a lot of waste.  Also known as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, or CAFOs, the farms are home to thousands of animals at a time, ranging from cows to hogs to chickens. One of the most common complaints about the large-scale farms is the waste, which must be collected and disposed of in some way.  It’s no surprise that a case involving the waste from factory farms made its way to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, though the written decision in the case raised an interesting question: Exactly how much waste does a CAFO produce?  The court held that the state Department of Natural Resources has the ability to impose a maximum number of animals on factory farms and off-site groundwater monitoring conditions on factory farms. In writing the majority decision, Justice Jill Karofsky cited an evaluation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which stated that ""a farm with 2,500 dairy cattle is similar in waste load to a city of 411,000 people.""  But in America’s Dairyland, we know our cows. And that number seems awfully high.  Is it true that a dairy farm of 2,500 cows could really produce more waste than the population Madison, Racine and Oshkosh combined?  Let’s check it out.  Cows are waste machines If you look at the study referenced by Karofsky, ""Risk Assessment Evaluation for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations,"" it does indeed state that a farm of 2,500 animals produces as much waste as a city of 411,000.  But, the paper was published in 2004, making it 17 years old.  So we went in search of newer information.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 11, 2021 in a Facebook postPhoto shows an electric car charging station that uses ""12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles. That's 36 gallons for 200 miles. 5.6 mpg.""By Andy Nguyen • July 19, 2021 A Dec. 6, 2019 report by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel likened a herd of 1,000 cows to the city of Fond du Lac, which has 42,000 residents. So, by that measure, 2,500 cows would equal a city of about 105,000 --  much smaller than Karofsky wrote. The article also noted the largest CAFO in the state, which boasts 6,000 cows, generates about as much manure and urine as 252,000 people, roughly the size of the city of Madison. So, at 2,500 cows, the comparison point would again be a city of about 105,000. And studies by Cornell University animal science department professors Michael Van Amburgh and Karl Czymmek, published in 2017, showed that a herd of about 340 cows can produce the same amount of waste as 10,736 humans.  That puts the amount of waste for a herd of 2,500 cows at about the same level as 79,000 humans, a smaller number, but one even further under the number cited in the state high court’s opinion. Our ruling In writing a recent decision for the state Supreme Court, Karofsky claimed a herd of 2,500 cows produces as much waste as a city of 411,000 people. The statistic was part of a case that upheld the state DNR’s ability to consider the number of animals at factory farms and whether groundwater should be monitored offsite.  That’s an awful lot of waste from a lot of cows. And a 17-year-old study included the figure. But newer numbers suggest that while cows produce a lot of waste -- up to 17 gallons of it a day, per animal -- a farm of 2,500 cows isn’t producing the same amount of waste as 411,000 people. It’s more like 100,000 people. We’re going to have to call bull on this claim.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=386188,https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/901V0100.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2000%20Thru%202005&Docs=&Query=%28%282500%29%20or%20%28milwaukee%29%29%20OR%20FNAME%3D%22901V0100.txt%22%20AND%20FNAME%3D%22901V0100.txt%22&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C00THRU05%5CTXT%5C00000011%5C901V0100.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=45&SeekPage=b,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-facebook-post-does-not-show-electric-car-chargi/,https://www.jsonline.com/in-depth/news/special-reports/dairy-crisis/2019/12/06/industrial-dairy-impacts-wisconsin-environment-family-farms/4318671002/,https://blogs.cornell.edu/whatscroppingup/2017/06/21/series-phosphorus-and-the-environment-2-setting-the-record-straight-comparing-bodily-waste-between-dairy-cows-and-people/",Wisconsin state justice misses mark on how much waste produced by cows at factory farms,"Environment,Agriculture,Legal Issues,Wisconsin,Jill Karofsky,Environment,Agriculture,Legal Issues,Wisconsin,Jill Karofsky",,,,, +15,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/baseless-claims-election-irregularities-swirl-trum/,Says Donald Trump “won Arizona.”,2021-07-17,politifact,,"An image shared on Facebook that shows Donald Trump pointing at something carries this caption: ""Oh, look, I won Arizona."" One user, who uses a Trump photo as a profile picture, posted the image and added: ""BY A LOT!"" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Trump came close, but he lost to Joe Biden by just over 10,000 votes in the 2020 presidential race in the Grand Canyon State, as the official result from the Arizona Secretary of State shows:  Biden: 1,672,143 votes, 49.36%Trump: 1,661,686 votes, 49.06% Judges rejected lawsuits on behalf of Republicans seeking to halt certification of the vote or alleging wrongdoing in Maricopa County.  The county conducted a hand count audit of a sample of ballots as required by state law and hired independent firms to conduct a forensic audit of tabulation equipment. The county found no abnormalities.  But Republicans in the Arizona Senate hired a team including Cyber Ninjas, which has no prior experience auditing elections, to audit the Maricopa County results. The company’s head, Doug Logan, was part of the ""stop the steal"" conspiracy theories about the election that culminated in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack.  Election experts, both Democrats and Republicans, have questioned the legality of the partisan-led ballot review and say it lacks transparency. They’re concerned that it could feed a new wave of misinformation about the election. Featured Fact-checkFacebook posts stated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook post“Military ready to act on audit results!” in ArizonaBy Amy Sherman • June 29, 2021 Several false claims arising from the audit have already been made and debunked. Trump said ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'"" Our rating: False. The claim was based on confusion over the early voting process and a misuse of Maricopa County documents. Trump said: ""The entire Database of Maricopa County in Arizona has been DELETED!"" Our rating: False. His claim was made after a tweet from the audit stated that the county ""deleted a directory full of election databases."" Three days after Trump’s claim, the head of a firm helping with the audit essentially walked back the database claim.Trump stated: ""Republican state senators"" who started an audit of 2020 election results in Maricopa County are ""exposing this fraud."" Our rating: False. The audit is ongoing and no official findings have been released.A post shared on Facebook claimed: ""A quarter of a million illegal votes found in Arizona’s audit."" Our rating: False. The claim was based on speculation by a former adviser to Trump, not any audit finding.. Separate from the audit, the Associated Press reported July 16 that statewide, county election officials have identified fewer than 200 cases of potential voter fraud out of more than 3 million ballots cast. Finally, there is this: Findings of the audit will not affect the election outcome, because the results were already certified by state officials and accepted by Congress. We rate the post False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1426982377678906&set=a.146602072383616&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://results.arizona.vote/#/featured/18/0,https://www.democracydocket.com/state/arizona/,https://www.maricopa.gov/5539/Voting-Equipment-Facts#handcount,https://www.maricopa.gov/5681/Elections-Equipment-Audit,https://www.azmirror.com/2021/03/31/arizona-senate-hires-a-stop-the-steal-advocate-to-lead-2020-election-audit/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/04/ask-politifact-why-are-arizona-republicans-auditin/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/facebook-posts/no-evidence-military-ready-act-arizona-ballot-revi/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/donald-trump/no-evidence-74000-ariz-mail-ballots-cast-2020-elec/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/19/donald-trump/no-proof-trump-claim-database-2020-election-ariz-w/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/09/donald-trump/trump-falsely-implies-arizona-audit-has-exposed-fr/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/apr/27/facebook-posts/no-quarter-million-fraudulent-votes-werent-uncover/,https://apnews.com/article/business-government-and-politics-arizona-election-2020-e6158cd1b0c6442716064e6791b4c6fc","Baseless claims of election irregularities swirl, but Trump still has not won Arizona","Arizona,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Arizona,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +16,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/no-kayleigh-mcenany-isnt-jfk-jrs-daughter/,Says Kayleigh McEnany is John F. Kennedy Jr.’s daughter.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"In a photo collage that’s being shared of Kayleigh McEnany, an image of the former press secretary for then-President Donald Trump is flanked by pictures of four members of the Kennedy family.  There’s former President John F. Kennedy, who is identified as McEnany’s ""grandpa"" in the collage, and his wife, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, who is identified as her ""grandma."" McEnany’s parents, according to the image, were John F. Kennedy Jr. and wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy. This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) McEnany’s parents are Mike and Leanne McEnany. In May 2020, Getty Images photographer Chip Somodevilla photographed McEnany with her parents as they posed behind the podium in the White House press briefing room.   Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 21, 2021 in a post on FacebookSays President John F. Kennedy said, “There are people in Washington, D.C., in positions of power to whom the border is just a nuisance, and I think some of them believe that illegal immigration is a moral good. It is not.”By Aaron Sharockman • June 22, 2021 They have been identified as McEnany’s parents in multiple media sources. In May 2020, for example, the Tampa Bay Times reported that McEnany ""is the daughter of commercial roofing company owner Michael McEnany and Leanne McEnany.""  Sports Illustrated said she ""is the daughter of former Mississippi State defensive lineman Mike McEnany.""  Before he was assassinated in Dallas in 1963, John F. Kennedy and Jackie had four children, including a stillborn child and a boy, Patrick, who died two days after his birth. Their daughter, Caroline, was born in 1957, and John F. Kennedy Jr. was born two weeks after JFK won the presidency in 1960.  In 1999, JFK Jr. and Carolyn Bessette Kennedy died when the plane he was piloting crashed near Martha’s Vineyard. The couple didn’t have any children.  Caroline married Edwin Schlossberg and they had three children: Rose, Tatiana and Jack Schlossberg. We rate this post False.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/355674281467247/permalink/1464023903965607/?__xts__[0]=68.ARCkDe9d7XsZ_gPpIKWd9yaBFRVtpq_8KdvA-9HHvMhXJW72PoKgwNwjg5Pq3W7IU37wWwzcDQxm8z1x6NkmbazrITBZr4lcoWJVslxrVl9AXhCz1dURZMx-M9Ph_alBxRnWAqeA1LIFY73TVDg8zaYDk1-Mour4dmnmHn7_JbjLkN-pXfrBcaN3c5bXyXE3A0Y85QTVXzHC-EFn5k7V_ios8UGlbzNWoTIgFREgFF2gMMpBXuJ4MqoDyEmMqxPqxsnD6NjzzHqxgDnMZz5Xr2myoTUpInEm0BM,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/white-house-press-secretary-kayleigh-mcenany-holds-her-five-news-photo/1222303540,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/22/facebook-posts/liberty-u-confuses-its-kennedys-louisiana-senator-/,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/10/kayleigh-mcenany-donald-trump-white-house-press-secretary-profile,https://www.salon.com/2020/07/09/white-house-press-secretary-kayleigh-mcenanys-parents-received-at-least-1-million-in-relief-funds/,https://www.the-sun.com/news/655226/kayleigh-mcenany-white-house-press-secretary-donald-trump/,https://www.tampabay.com/news/hillsborough/2019/10/31/kayleigh-mcenany-highlights-hillsborough-gop-lincoln-day-dinner/,https://www.si.com/college/mississippistate/news/maroon-white-house,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/royals/young-kennedy-family-rose-tatiana-jack-schlossberg-jfk-grandchildren-a4025056.html","No, Kayleigh McEnany isn’t JFK Jr.’s daughter","Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +17,,,,False,Kiannah Sepeda-Miller,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kiannah-sepeda-miller/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/terri-bryant/downstate-senator-wrong-medicaid-eligibility-illin/,"“You may be 55 years old in [Illinois] and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you’re eligible for Medicaid.”",2021-07-13,politifact,,"Last year amid the global COVID-19 crisis, Illinois became the first state to expand publicly funded healthcare to all low-income immigrant seniors, including those living in the country illegally. In a recent WJPF radio interview, state Sen. Terri Bryant of Murphysboro brought up the program after a caller asked how many ""illegal aliens"" taxpayers in Illinois ""are now responsible for."" Bryant used the question to criticize Illinois for being too soft on illegal immigration, suggesting without evidence the state’s policies are somehow connected with violent crime in Chicago and repeating a consistently debunked claim about the city having the nation’s strictest gun laws. She also took aim at the state for expanding health care coverage to undocumented immigrants, suggesting those over a certain age are now eligible for health care benefits not available to citizens: ""In this budget, we now allow for Medicaid for undocumented individuals who are 55 and older,"" the Republican said. ""So last year — it seemed like it stayed very quiet, I don’t know why more people weren’t talking about it — it was 65 and older. This year they slipped in 55 and older. So you may be 55 years old in this state and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you’re eligible for Medicaid."" We were curious what Bryant was talking about when she said being undocumented and 55 years or older would make someone eligible for Medicaid benefits in Illinois. After all, Medicaid is a need-based program, meaning only applicants who meet certain income requirements qualify. We called Bryant’s office to speak with her about what her claim was based on, but did not hear back. Applicants must meet the same income criteria as citizens, legal residents Undocumented immigrants face limited access to healthcare, with federal law restricting them from participating in Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplaces. In addition to becoming the first state to provide coverage for low-income seniors whose immigration status disqualifies them from federal programs, Illinois is one of six states funding its own program to cover income-eligible children regardless of immigration status. California, one of the other states that covers minors, expanded its program to include young adults in 2020 and last week approved a plan to cover low-income immigrants age 50 and over beginning next year. Illinois moved to create two programs expanding coverage for older immigrants left out of federal programs. Last year, state lawmakers used the budget to create a program providing noncitizens living at or below the federal poverty level who are at least 65 years old with access to some Medicaid-like benefits regardless of their immigration status. The age and income requirements for that program mirror those for a version of Medicaid called Aid to the Aged, Blind, and Disabled, though the benefits for the immigrant seniors are not as expansive. Featured Fact-checkLori Lightfootstated on June 28, 2021 in remarks at a press conferenceCook County’s criminal courts “have been shut down for 15 months.”By Kiannah Sepeda-Miller • July 4, 2021 The budget lawmakers and the governor approved this year created a program set to launch by the end of next May providing benefits identical to Medicaid to noncitizens aged 55 through 64 who would be eligible for Medicaid if not for their immigration status. Under Medicaid itself in Illinois, U.S. citizens and noncitizens with legal status 19 years and older are eligible for coverage if their income is within 138% of the federal poverty level. That same income requirement applies to noncitizens who will be eligible for the state’s new program, according to Jane Longo, deputy director of new initiatives at the Illinois Department of Healthcare & Family Services. So, with the exception of immigration status, a 55-year-old who is undocumented would have to meet the same criteria as a 55-year-old citizen to qualify for coverage in Illinois. Bryant drew a false comparison, since there’s no scenario in which U.S. citizens would fail to qualify for Medicaid, as long as they fell within the proper income range. Our ruling Bryant said ""you may be 55 years old in this state and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you're eligible for Medicaid."" This is a false comparison. No U.S. citizens would be barred from Medicaid unless their income was too high to qualify. And the beneficiaries of the Illinois plan who are in the U.S. illegally would also have to fall below the same income restrictions. We rate Bryant’s claim False. ​​FALSE — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.","https://khn.org/news/article/illinois-is-first-in-the-nation-to-extend-health-coverage-to-undocumented-seniors/,https://www.wjpf.com/episode/newsradio-wjpf-interview-with-terri-bryant-july-13-2021/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/nov/03/donald-trump/trump-no-marksman-when-aiming-chicago-gun-laws/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/oct/03/sarah-huckabee-sanders/chicago-toughest-gun-control-claim-shot-full-holes/,https://www.npr.org/2017/10/05/555580598/fact-check-is-chicago-proof-that-gun-laws-don-t-work,https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/17/does-a-city-with-the-toughest-gun-laws-end-up-with-worst-gun-violence/,https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/health-coverage-and-care-of-undocumented-immigrants/,https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-chip-coverage-of-lawfully-residing-immigrant-children-and-pregnant-women/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D,https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article252311248.html,https://ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/101/PDF/101-0636.pdf,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/Pages/CoverageForImmigrantSeniors.aspx,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/MedicalClients/Pages/medicalprograms.aspx,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/lori-lightfoot/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/04/lori-lightfoot/no-cook-county-criminal-courts-havent-been-shut-do/,https://ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/102/PDF/102-0016.pdf,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/MedicalClients/AffordableCareAct/Pages/default.aspx,https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2018/feb/12/principles-truth-o-meter-politifacts-methodology-i/#Truth-O-Meter%20ratings",Downstate senator wrong on Medicaid eligibility for Illinois undocumented immigrants,"Immigration,Health Care,Medicaid,Illinois,Terri Bryant,Immigration,Health Care,Medicaid,Illinois,Terri Bryant",,,,, +18,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,"In the 2020 presidential election, “4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times” and “3,390 went to Biden.”",2021-07-13,politifact,,"In a continuing attempt to portray Fulton County, Ga., as a haven for fraud and malfeasance in the 2020 presidential election, a new allegation asserts that thousands of the same ballots were counted multiple times in the county where heavily Democratic Atlanta is located. One tweet claims the counts benefited Joe Biden, who defeated Donald Trump in Georgia, a key swing state, by about 12,000 votes. ""Why is it that errors seem to only ever go one way?"" the tweet asked. ""VoterGA says 4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia were scanned multiple times. Of those duplicate ballots, 3,390 went to Biden."" Claims of the multiple counting of the same ballots in Fulton County were also made on Facebook. And Trump, also citing the VoterGA group, issued a statement making allegations, including fraud, in the county’s ballot counting. The tweet was highlighted to PolitiFact by Vinesight, a company that monitors online misinformation. Citing a history of election mismanagement in Fulton County, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger on July 15 called for the firing of two of the county’s top election officials.  But there is no evidence of double-counting that would have given Biden anywhere near the number of extra votes being claimed. The double-counting that VoterGA claims it found were in what is known as a risk-limiting audit — a hand recount of the vote. After that, a second recount was done.  Statewide, the original count plus the two recounts all confirmed Biden’s victory in Georgia The group claiming the double counting Voter GA, also known as Voters Organized for Trusted Election Results in Georgia, says it advocates for ""verifiable auditable recount capable and transparent elections."" It is led by Garland Favorito who, with others, filed a lawsuit seeking a review of the Fulton County’s general-election absentee ballots in the 2020 election.  A longtime critic of Georgia’s election infrastructure, Favorito has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11 and other topics, according to Georgia Public Radio, the New York Times and the Associated Press. He has also promoted affidavits signed by poll workers or observers in which they leap to conclusions about the integrity of absentee ballots, suggesting they weren’t properly marked or weren’t printed on normal paper.  On July 13, Favorito and the group issued a news release that makes allegations of fraud and other election malfeasance in Fulton County, including the allegation referenced in the tweet. The group claimed it ""found at least 36 batches of mail-in ballots with 4,255 total extra votes were redundantly added into Fulton County audit results for the November election. These illicit votes include 3,390 extra votes for Joe Biden, 865 extra votes for Donald Trump and 43 extra votes for Jo Jorgenson,"" the Libertarian candidate.  At a news conference on July 13, businessman David Cross, who is helping Favorito, displayed digital images of several ballots that he said shows ballots were scanned twice. Side by side, the ballots appeared to be identical, but contained different markings that Cross said indicated they were scanned more than once. Featured Fact-checkNational Republican Senatorial Committeestated on June 22, 2021 in an adSen. Raphael Warnock “voted for welfare for politicians plan. Up to $25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign.”By Amy Sherman • June 25, 2021 Cross sent PolitiFact, and posted online, information that he said supports the Voter GA’s claim. He went further, claiming that he had found 6,415 extra votes counted in the risk-limiting audit, with an extra 5,128 going to Biden and 1,188 to Trump.  What’s been found On the same day of the tweet, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the people who filed the lawsuit discovered that nearly 200 Fulton County ballots had been scanned twice. The newspaper said it confirmed the double-counting by reviewing digital images of the ballots; the story included a link to the images.  However, the double-counting was discovered in a recount and there is no indication Biden earned any additional votes in the official results, the newspaper said. The ballots counted twice would have given Biden 31 extra votes. After a recount, official results reflected that Trump gained a total of 121 absentee votes in Fulton. Biden won the county with 73% of 524,000 votes cast, the story said. As we’ve reported, two recounts confirmed Biden won Georgia. In all, the roughly 5 million ballots cast in Georgia were counted three times, including once by hand. The hand recount uncovered more than 2,600 uncounted votes, most of which favored Trump, in Floyd County, Ga. But election officials said the mistake was due to human error, not voter fraud. In the end, the certified results showed Biden beating Trump by 11,779 votes in the state.  Alan Abramowitz, a political science professor at Emory University in Atlanta, said: ""Given that these ballots were all recounted by hand, there is no chance that a large number of ballots were double counted."" University of West Georgia political scientist Thomas Hunter said none of the information provided by Voter GA proves that votes in the official certified results were counted twice.  The official certified results were taken from the second recount, which was requested by the Trump campaign, he said. Even if some ballots were counted twice during the risk-limiting audit, he said, ""those numbers are not included in the official results. The official results are from the last recount, which was done by scanning all of the ballots. The results in the official count from Fulton County match quite closely to what the initial count showed."" Hunter added: ""Any large-scale mistakes would have been found through the two recounts."" The Georgia Secretary of State’s office referred questions to Fulton County. A Fulton County spokeswoman declined comment, citing the lawsuit. Our ruling A tweet says that in the 2020 presidential election, ""4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times"" and ""3,390 went to Biden."" Some 200 ballots initially were double-counted in Fulton County, where heavily Democratic Atlanta is located — but there’s no evidence of thousands, and the double-count didn’t change the official result of Biden defeating Trump in Georgia. We rate the claim False.","https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/just-news/no-evidence-missing-absentee-ballots-georgias-2020/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-ballots-error-fulton-county-ga-unproven/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/11/viral-image/no-132000-georgia-ballots-werent-likely-ineligable/,https://twitter.com/ElectionWiz/status/1415133797885034497,https://www.facebook.com/100067468433292/videos/333682211765914/,https://twitter.com/realLizUSA/status/1415332236564512775/photo/1,https://twitter.com/GaSecofState/status/1415692351176052738,https://voterga.org/about/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-georgia-decertified-election-pants-fire-fals/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-ballots-error-fulton-county-ga-unproven/,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/05/25/what-happening-fulton-countys-absentee-ballots,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/24/us/politics/georgia-election-recount.html,https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-arizona-election-2020-election-recounts-government-and-politics-4d5038b2bea05d2132cb4ada43516f67,https://voterga.files.wordpress.com/2021/05/press-release-court-rules-to-unseal-fulton-ballots-in-3rd-voterga-victory.pdf,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcFdMT4i1Bg,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/national-republican-senatorial-committee/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/national-republican-senatorial-committee/republicans-mislead-welfare-attack-raphael-warnock/,https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:6d8893ef-e22a-4c84-837f-7e9bf7b1336f#pageNum=1,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://theatlantajournalconstitution.sharefile.com/share/view/s3c2d5cda4b5a42a88b6a76990379d181,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/05/heres-why-georgias-republican-officials-are-confid/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/18/facebook-posts/georgia-election-officials-found-more-2600-uncount/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/04/donald-trump/donald-trump-falsely-claims-georgia-victory-record/",No proof of thousands of double-counted ballots in 2020 presidential race in Ga.,"Georgia,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Georgia,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +19,,,,Pants on Fire,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/biden-misspoke-about-turnout-numbers-he-didnt-conc/,"""Biden concedes 6 million votes.""",2021-07-15,politifact,,"A TV program called ""The Real Story"" made the ridiculous claim that President Joe Biden ""conceded"" 6 million votes in the 2020 election that put him in the White House. ""Biden concedes 6mil votes"" is the headline on a Facebook post that includes video of the program, which is produced by the conservative One America News network. The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Host Natalie Harp played a clip from a Biden voting rights speech in Philadelphia on July 13, in which he said:  ""All told, more than 150 Americans of every age, of every race, of every background exercised their right to vote."" The official White House transcript inserted ""[million],"" indicating that Biden mistakenly omitted that word. Featured Fact-checkViral imagestated on June 20, 2021 in a Facebook postAstraZeneca means “weapon that kills.”By Ciara O'Rourke • June 21, 2021 Harp then cited a Trump statement that said:  ""Biden just said 150 people voted in the 2020 Presidential Election (Scam!). On the assumption that he meant 150 million people, and based on the fact that I got 75 million+++, that would mean that Biden got 75 million votes, which is 6 million votes less than what they said they got. So what is that all about? Are they already conceding 6 million votes?"" Trump did not get more than 75 million votes. Official results from the Federal Election Commission show there were nearly 158.4 million votes cast for president: 81.3 million (51.3%) for Biden — some seven million more than the 74.2 million (46.9%) for Trump; the rest of the votes were for other candidates. Biden left out the word ""million,"" but he did say ""more than."" He did not concede six million votes. We rate the statement Pants on Fire!","https://www.facebook.com/BreakingNewsArizona/videos/vb.100063864364103/992303374881245/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/13/remarks-by-president-biden-on-protecting-the-sacred-constitutional-right-to-vote/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/viral-image/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/21/viral-image/no-astrazeneca-doesnt-mean-weapon-kills/,https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/statement-by-donald-j-trump-45th-president-of-the-united-states-of-america-07.13.21-03,https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/2020presgeresults.pdf","Biden misspoke about turnout numbers, but he didn’t concede 6 million votes","Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +20,,,,Pants on Fire,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/tweets/heres-why-olympics-gave-athletes-cardboard-beds/,"Olympic Village has cardboard beds “to prevent Olympians from having sex, and thus risk spreading (COVID-19).”",2021-07-17,politifact,,"A tweet claimed that the Olympics in Tokyo are using anti-sex beds in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 during the games.  ""This is the craziest story,"" said a July 17 tweet. ""In order to prevent Olympians from having sex, and thus risk spreading the Covid virus, beds at the Tokyo Olympic Village are made from cardboard so they collapse if more than one person gets on them!"" The tweet included an image of two neatly made single beds, each covered in a blue and white bedspread that reads ""Tokyo 2020."" The legs and frame of the bed are made of cardboard   The post, which was also shared on Facebook, was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) The beds were not created to prevent the spread of the virus. They were made by Airweave, a Japanese company. In 2019, long before COVID-19 was even a word, the company announced its plan to supply 18,000 beds for the Olympics and 8,000 beds for the Paralympics.  The beds are meant to be moveable and recyclable. The bed frames are made out of high-resistance cardboard and a customizable mattress. The beds’ lightness helps athletes rearrange their rooms easier. And once the games are over, the beds and mattresses will be recycled into other paper and plastic products.  Featured Fact-checkViral imagestated on June 20, 2021 in a Facebook postAstraZeneca means “weapon that kills.”By Ciara O'Rourke • June 21, 2021 Even though the beds look breakable, they can withstand a lot of physical activity. ""Fake news!"" said Rhys McClenaghan, an Olympic gymnast from Ireland, in response to the fast-moving social media claim. In his video tweet, he is seen forcefully jumping up and down his cardboard bed — without it breaking. ""Cardboard beds are actually stronger than the one made of wood or steel,"" Airweave told the New York Times. The beds are built to hold up to 200 to 440 pounds.  As far as social distancing goes, the International Olympic Committee has asked athletes to minimize physical interaction, keep two meters of distance from other athletes, and practice good hygiene. Athletes are expected to be tested for COVID-19 before, during and after the games. This year, the Olypmics distributed 160,000 condoms; officials said that the condoms were used for educational purposes to promote safe sex. ""Our intent and goal is not for athletes to use the condoms at the Olympic Village, but to help with awareness by taking them back to their own countries."" said the Tokyo Olympics Organizing Committee in a statement.  Our ruling The post stated that the beds used in the Olympics are meant to prevent sex between athletes and minimize the spread COVID-19; they are not.  The bed plans were put into motion before the pandemic because they can be recycled. We rate this claim Pants on Fire!","https://twitter.com/aravosis/status/1416452187560071178?s=21,https://www.facebook.com/GinaBullardTV/posts/360820858933071,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/09/1c7d08d3e0c2-olympics-recyclable-cardboard-bed-customizable-mattress-for-2020-athletes.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/viral-image/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/21/viral-image/no-astrazeneca-doesnt-mean-weapon-kills/,https://twitter.com/McClenaghanRhys/status/1416567768938291203,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/asia/tokyo-olympics-anti-sex-beds-cardboard.html,https://gtimg.tokyo2020.org/image/upload/production/xibscdw6nfsl994awcdq.pdf,https://japantoday.com/category/tokyo-2020-olympics/please-take-tokyo-olympics-condoms-back-to-your-home-country-and-use-them-there-organizers-say",Here’s why the Olympics gave athletes cardboard beds,"Facebook Fact-checks,Tweets,Facebook Fact-checks,Tweets",,,,, +21,,,,False,Andy Nguyen,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/andy-truc-nguyen/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-facebook-post-does-not-show-electric-car-chargi/,"Photo shows an electric car charging station that uses ""12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles. That's 36 gallons for 200 miles. 5.6 mpg.""",2021-07-11,politifact,,"A widely circulating Facebook post points to public charging stations as a glaring example of why electric cars are not as environmentally friendly as advertised. The July 11 post includes a picture it identifies as an electric car charging station in Round Rock, Texas. The accompanying text claims electric cars are more inefficient because charging stations use diesel fuel generators to produce electricity. ""That 350kWh generator uses 12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles,"" the text reads. ""That's 36 gallons for 200 Miles! 5.6 mpg."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. Instagram is owned by Facebook. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The charging station shown in the post is located at an outlet mall in Round Rock, an Austin suburb. However, the description of how it operates is wrong. Electrify America, which operates the charging station, called the claim that it uses electricity derived from a diesel generator ""absolutely false."" ""Our direct-current fast electric-vehicle charging station in Round Rock, Texas, is powered by Oncor Electric Delivery Company, one of the largest utility companies in the U.S.,"" Mike Moran, a spokesperson for the company, said in an email. Oncor distributes electricity across the Texas electric grid but doesn’t generate its own power. An Oncor spokesperson said it’s hard to pinpoint exactly what kind of energy is used to power the Round Rock station — whether it’s derived from coal, nuclear, wind or solar energy. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 Similar claims linking electric vehicles to diesel generators have circulated before. A July 1 post used much of the same text, but with a different image and without any mention of Texas. It claimed diesel charging stations are ""popping up everywhere."" The picture used in that post is actually of a diesel-powered charging station, but not anything like the public ones that are being installed around the country. This one was created as an experiment in 2018 in Australia to test the viability of using a diesel generator to charge a car in the desert. Jon Edwards, the man who thought of the experiment, told The Driven he wanted to see whether charging with a diesel generator was viable, and how the fuel consumption for the generator compared with driving a similar-size diesel-powered car. The experiment involved using the charger to charge 10 electric cars — most of them Teslas — for one hour each, and measuring how much energy was added to the battery during charging. Edwards used the lifetime averages for each car to convert that energy figure to an estimate of the added distance the car could travel after charging. The experiment found that when charged this way, a BMW i3 was the most fuel-efficient of the electric cars, consuming 4.39 liters of fuel for every 100 kilometers of range added, equivalent to about 54 mpg. One Tesla model consumed around 7 liters of diesel fuel per 100 km of range, equivalent to about 34 mpg.  Edwards’ experiment found that, in most instances, using the generator to charge a car consumed less fuel than a similarly sized diesel car would to travel the same distance. A diesel-fueled VW Touareg SUV, for example, used 7.2 liters of fuel per 100 km. Our ruling A Facebook post claims an electric car charging station in Texas runs on a diesel generator and that a car has to charge for three hours and use 12 gallons of diesel fuel to travel 200 miles.  The company that owns the charging station pictured in the post says the station is connected to an electrical grid and does not use diesel fuel. Public chargers are generally connected to the local power supply and do not use diesel generators.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/qualityquilts/posts/4320988144591307,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2021/07/fact-check-diesel-powered-generators-are-not-bad-for-electric-vehicles.html,https://thedriven.io/2018/12/14/diesel-charge-evs-remote-locations-greener-than-you-think/","No, a Facebook post does not show an electric car charging at a diesel-powered station","Environment,Transportation,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Environment,Transportation,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +22,,,,False,Gabrielle Settles,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/gabrielle-settles/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/cuba-can-trade-other-countries-heres-some-context/,U.S. sanctions mean “Cuba can’t trade with any country or any company whatsoever.”,2021-12-12,politifact,,"Amid news surrounding protests in Cuba, a widely shared Facebook post asserts U.S. sanctions on Cuba restrict the country from trading with other countries, too. ""People are either unaware or being purposely obtuse about the U.S. blockade on Cuba,"" reads the post, a screenshot of a tweet. ""Do you realize it doesn’t just mean they can’t trade with the U.S.? Cuba can’t trade with ANY country or ANY company whatsoever, threatening other people who may want to help."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Experts who spoke to PolitiFact said the claim is wrong, misinterpreting some of the nuances of the U.S. embargo on Cuba. Cuba does trade with multiple countries, but the embargo can make it difficult for any foreign companies to do business in the country. Protests flared in Cuba on July 11, when thousands of citizens went to the streets to call for action over shortages of food and medicine, protesting for freedom against the Cuban government. The Associated Press reported that the protests were the largest since Fidel Castro’s presidency. The number of people detained by the government is not clear, but   Cubalex, an attorney group tracking arrests, estimated that as of July 19, 108 people were in detention, 78 people had been freed and 284 people’s whereabouts were in the process of being verified. President Miguel Díaz-Canel blamed the U.S. government’s sanctions for the country’s economic troubles. Jose Gabilondo, associate dean for accreditation and reporting and professor of law at Florida International University, said that while critics of the U.S. embargo tend to use the word ""blockade"" to describe the program, the official term for the sanctions is ""embargo,"" according to the Office of Foreign Assets Control under the U.S. Department of the Treasury. That’s because the U.S. is not physically obstructing Cuba to prevent people or goods from leaving — which is what ""blockade"" means. ""There are many people who consider that the U.S.-Cuba sanctions program violates public international law, so they see it as an illegal program,"" Gabilondo said, ""and they see it as illegal because the Cuba sanctions that are imposed by OFAC apply very broadly, not only to U.S. companies but also to foreign companies that are domiciled in other countries. So many people think that the sanctions amount to an illegal blockade."" The history of the U.S. embargo on Cuba The U.S. initiated its embargo on trade with Cuba nearly 60 years ago, after Fidel Castro’s regime rose to power, and overthrew the country’s U.S.-backed government. Castro’s government increased foreign relations and trade with the Soviet Union, increased taxes on U.S. imports and nationalized American-owned properties. In response, President John F. Kennedy called for a complete economic embargo in 1962, prohibiting all trade of goods and services between the U.S. and Cuba and imposing strict travel restrictions. Twenty years later, President Ronald Reagan designated Cuba as a state sponsor of terror following its support of Marxist movements during the Cold War. The Obama administration lifted the designation in 2015, along with relaxing some restrictions, including on American travel to the country. The change meant Americans could legally bring home Cuban cigars and rum. It also permitted Cuban pharmaceutical companies to do business in the U.S.  The Trump administration reimposed sanctions on Cuba and increased financial and banking restrictions on the country. On Jan. 11, 2021, days before Joe Biden’s presidential inauguration, the Trump administration put Cuba back on the list of state sponsors of terror. Cuba is permitted to trade with many other countries Augusto Maxwell, an attorney at Akerman LLP and chair of their Cuba practice, said the first part of the claim isn’t accurate. Cuba can trade with other countries of its choosing — if those countries are willing as well. Some of Cuba’s trading partners include China, Spain, the Netherlands, Canada, Mexico and Brazil, according to the Observatory of Economic Complexity. Venezuela was one of Cuba’s key trade partners until its ability diminished amid its own economic turmoil. Cuba’s main exports include rolled tobacco, raw sugar, nickel, liquor and zinc. Top imports include poultry meat, wheat, soybean meal, corn and concentrated milk.  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 26, 2021 in an Instagram postSays the Make-A-Wish Foundation will grant wishes only to fully vaccinated children.By Samantha Putterman • July 2, 2021 It’s worth noting that the OEC also lists the U.S. as one of the countries that exports goods to Cuba. Poultry counts for 90% of American shipments to the country, according to the Federation of American Scientists. ""It’s really to favor U.S. farmers and agricultural interests. (Cuba) was a very important market for U.S. farmers,"" Gabilondo said. ""So even though the sanctions generally prohibit trade, there are some exceptions."" Maxwell said, despite these trade relationships, the U.S. embargo does have an impact on what goods Cuba receives from other countries. For example, if any trading good contains 10% of U.S. created content, it must go through U.S. law in order to be exported into Cuba.  ""When you think of complicated things like airplanes or oil drilling platforms or scientific or medical equipment, sometimes those things are caught up in that 10%,"" Maxwell said. ""And so U.S. law does not allow that to be exported to Cuba even though 90% or 89% was produced in France or Canada, or something like that."" Maxwell further pointed out that foreign companies that are owned or patrolled by the U.S. might be reluctant to engage in business with Cuba. The Helms-Burton Act allows U.S. nationals to sue entities that do business involving property that was confiscated by the Cuban government. The rule didn’t go into effect until 2019, when the Trump administration gave it the green light. ""Every president since (1996), Clinton, Bush and Obama, had suspended the rule. President Trump enacted it,"" Maxwell said. ""And so in the last two years there’s been about 35-40 lawsuits filed from different folks for allegedly trafficking in Cuban properties.""  Lillian Guerra, professor in Cuban and Caribbean history at the University of Florida, called the claim ""patently false."" She said that things began to change for Cuba when the Soviet Union collapsed. ""One by one, as Cuba adopted the reforms of 1991 and the Latin American dictatorships and right wing regimes fell, the ‘unilateral’ nature of the U.S. embargo that kept them in line and froze Cuba out of direct trade with its barrio, collapsed,"" Guerra told PolitiFact.  Guerra further stated that multiple countries have a company in Cuba, including China, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy and Canada. Our ruling A Facebook claim stated that the U.S. embargo on Cuba blocks the country from trading with any country or company whatsoever. Embargo is the official term used by the U.S. government to describe the sanctions on Cuba. An expert pointed out that the term blockade is used by someone who believes the sanctions to be illegal due to its broad reach. Experts and evidence shows that Cuba can and has traded with other countries. While the nuances in the U.S. embargo can make it difficult for foreign companies to trade with the country, there is no evidence that they can’t. We rate this claim False.","https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-cuba-caribbean-be719de0907981dda3b6754435516d70,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=330541652046000&set=a.102830838150417&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-business-health-cuba-53b679e5500247f8bf6195b692015605,https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/faqs/topic/1541,https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-cuba-relations?gclid=CjwKCAjw3MSHBhB3EiwAxcaEu-w3ecxI11M22YuP4Ya8SkxYMTwxAqFjFvxCUs9XQVgl0G2NNqXikRoCofwQAvD_BwE,https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3447-embargo-all-trade-with-cuba,https://www.state.gov/state-sponsors-of-terrorism/,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-usa/obama-eases-restrictions-on-cuba-lifts-limits-on-rum-and-cigars-idUSKBN12E1H3,https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1378/reverse-barack-obamas-cuba-policy/,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/11/politics/trump-administration-cuba-state-sponsor-terrorism-intl/index.html,https://oec.world/en/profile/country/cub,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-venezuela-trade/cuban-trade-with-venezuela-plunges-over-two-years-idUSKCN1AV23C,https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2019-07-11/cubas-dependency-on-venezuela-makes-it-vulnerable-to-economic-turmoil,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/02/instagram-posts/no-make-wish-foundation-isnt-granting-wishes-only-/,https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R46791.pdf,https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2019/05/under-helms-burton-act",Cuba can trade with other countries. But here’s some context,"National,Human Rights,Foreign Policy,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,National,Human Rights,Foreign Policy,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +23,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/viral-image/image-flooded-car-altered-include-sticker-critical/,A car flooded in Germany had a sticker critical of Greta Thunberg.,2021-07-17,politifact,,"More than 150 people died in Germany and Belgium after heavy rains flooded parts of Western Europe. But an image of a car submerged in water that has been shared on social media was doctored to include a sticker critical of Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg, who has attributed such extreme weather events to climate change.  ""In Germany, a denier provides a bit of amusement for Greta,"" reads one Facebook post sharing the picture of the BMW with a ""f--- you Greta"" sticker in the window. This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) A reverse image search of the picture shows that the original, taken by photographer David Young, does not include that sticker.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 10, 2021 in a postCarbon dioxide “is not a problem. The Earth has more than enough land and ocean plant life to metabolize it.”By Monique Curet • July 15, 2021 One Twitter user shared a photo of the car from a different angle and there’s no sticker. ""Deadly heatwaves, floods, storms, wildfires, droughts, crop failures… This is not ‘the new normal,’"" Thunberg tweeted on July 15. ""We’re at the very beginning of a climate and ecological emergency, and extreme weather events will only become more and more frequent. #FaceTheCimateEmergency.""  We rate this post False.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/16/europe-flooding-deaths-germany-belgium/,https://archive.is/Ul3dV,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.bild.de/auto/service/service/hochwasser-schaeden-am-auto-welche-versicherung-zahlt-65678570.bild.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/15/facebook-posts/yes-excess-carbon-dioxide-atmosphere-problem-earth/,https://twitter.com/f_stiebeling/status/1416064196391882774?s=20,https://twitter.com/gretathunberg/status/1415600846356819971",Image of flooded car altered to include sticker critical of climate activist Greta Thunberg,"Climate Change,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Climate Change,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +24,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/donald-trump/no-evidence-74000-ariz-mail-ballots-cast-2020-elec/,"Says that in the 2020 presidential election in Maricopa County, Ariz., ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'""",2021-07-15,politifact,,"Persisting in the quest to dispute his loss in the 2020 presidential election, former President Donald Trump claimed that tens of thousands of mail-in ballots in Maricopa County, Ariz., were improperly counted without a record of them having been sent to voters. In a statement on July 15, the day the GOP-controlled Arizona Senate held a hearing on an ongoing partisan audit of the county’s election processes, Trump said:  ""While this, according to the Senate, is preliminary, with results being announced at a later date, it seems that 74,243 Mail-In Ballots were counted with ‘no clear record of them being sent.’"" This and other audit findings, he claimed, showed Biden didn’t win Arizona or other battleground states.  Trump’s claim stems from remarks at the hearing made by Doug Logan, head of Cyber Ninjas, a company that was hired by Arizona Senate Republicans to conduct the audit. Logan was part of the ""stop the steal"" conspiracy theories about the election that culminated in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack. Cyber Ninjas has no prior experience auditing elections. At the hearing, Logan indicated that a clerical error could explain the 74,243 figure. He said: ""We have 74,243 mail-in ballots where there is no clear record of their being sent. ... That could be something where documentation wasn't done right — there was a clerical issue, there's not proper things there — but I think when we've got 74,000, it merits, you know, knocking on a door and validating some of this information."" Knocking on a door is a reference to the auditors’ suggestion that voters be visited door to door as part of the audit. Logan claimed that what are known as EV32 files are ""supposed to give a record of when a mail-in ballot is sent"" and EV33 files are ""supposed to give a record of when the mail-in ballot is received."" In fact, the two documents aren’t just for mailed ballots, and they capture only a limited time period. The EV32 file includes all requests that voters make for early ballots, either by mail or in person, up to 11 days before Election Day, and the EV33 file includes returned early ballots up to the Monday before Election Day, the Associated Press reported. That means there is a 10-day period between the final day of each report, during which thousands of mail-in votes are submitted and thousands of additional voters go to early-voting centers, request ballots in person and submit them. Furthermore, the files don’t include any early ballots that came in on Election Day. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook post“Military ready to act on audit results!” in ArizonaBy Amy Sherman • June 29, 2021 Maricopa County responded to Logan’s claim via Twitter, suggesting that the auditor didn’t understand early voting and used the wrong reports to calculate the number of ballots sent out by mail. Because early voting can be done by mail or in-person, where ballots are provided at the location where voters vote, ""it's not unusual that we would have more early votes than mail-in ballots sent,"" the county said. The county said the two files  ""are not the proper files to refer to for a complete accumulating of all early ballots sent and received."" There’s no evidence that any mail-in ballots were improperly counted. Joe Biden won Arizona by about 10,000 votes, flipping the state after Trump’s win in 2016. Findings of the audit, which began in April, will not affect the  election outcome, because the results were already certified by state officials and accepted by Congress. The state is one battleground where Trump and his allies have spread the baseless allegation that the election was stolen by Democrats. Maricopa County, home to Phoenix, has the most registered voters in the state.  We rated False a claim by Trump, citing the audit, that ""the entire database of Maricopa County"" was deleted. We also fact-checked a  False Trump claim that the audit exposed fraud. Trump’s office didn’t respond to a request for comment. Our ruling Trump said that in the 2020 presidential election in Maricopa County, Ariz., ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'"" Maricopa County says that because early voting is done in person as well as by mail, it’s not surprising that there would be more early votes counted than mail-ballots sent out. The county also said auditors used the wrong files in trying to calculate how many early ballots were sent and received. We rate Trump’s claim False.","https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/statement-by-donald-j-trump-45th-president-of-the-united-states-of-america-07.15.21-08,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/04/ask-politifact-why-are-arizona-republicans-auditin/,https://www.azmirror.com/2021/03/31/arizona-senate-hires-a-stop-the-steal-advocate-to-lead-2020-election-audit/,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/arizona-election-audit-need-information-report-results/,https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-arizona-ap-fact-check-election-2020-campaign-2016-f0c36df59ee1069d65aa6a70a22d88cc,https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-arizona-ap-fact-check-election-2020-campaign-2016-f0c36df59ee1069d65aa6a70a22d88cc,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/facebook-posts/no-evidence-military-ready-act-arizona-ballot-revi/,https://twitter.com/maricopacounty/status/1415834656528764932,https://azsos.gov/sites/default/files/State_Voter_Registration_2020_General.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/19/donald-trump/no-proof-trump-claim-database-2020-election-ariz-w/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/09/donald-trump/trump-falsely-implies-arizona-audit-has-exposed-fr/",Trump claim about Ariz. mail-ballots is based on misunderstanding of early voting,"Arizona,Elections,Donald Trump,Arizona,Elections,Donald Trump",,,,, +25,,,,False,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/facebook-posts/video-purporting-show-anti-vaccination-protest-fra/,Protest video shows “resistance” to “President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens.”,2021-07-14,politifact,,"A social media post makes false claims about a video showing tear gas and water cannons being used against protesters in the streets. The caption accompanying the video on the July 14 post said, ""Resistance begins to mount against President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens. #france."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) France has seen demonstrations against a new government policy announced by President Emmanuel Macron that requires vaccinations for all health care workers and offers people with proof of vaccination privileged access to certain activities. The policy does not mandate vaccines for all French citizens. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 But the protest shown in the Facebook video was not filmed in France. The video was captured at a demonstration in Nairobi, Kenya, that occurred July 14 in response to a local university’s decision to raise tuition fees.  The same video can be found on YouTube with the title, ""University of Nairobi Students demo against fee increment. Clashing with the police."" Reuters, through similar videos and a Google Street View, was able to confirm the location to be in Nairobi. We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/15/coronavirus-latest-updates/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/coronavirus-latest-updates/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/kenyan-police-tear-gas-protesting-150855698.html,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeOtrxrmLWk&t=3s,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-nairobi-protest/fact-check-video-shows-protest-at-university-of-nairobi-in-kenya-not-2021-france-vaccination-protests-idUSL1N2OS1AK?fbclid=IwAR33SFVxoZCXgy50tPhePEqA7-ay4KLQuYbdPpi5HvjFqKKaY3xygS1B55k",Video purporting to show anti-vaccination protest in France is actually from Kenya,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +26,,,,Pants on Fire,Katie Sanders,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/katie-sanders/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/viral-image/joe-biden-olivia-rodrigo-did-not-appear-press-brie/,An image shows President Joe Biden touching Olivia Rodrigo’s shoulders during a White House press briefing.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"Teen singer and actress Olivia Rodrigo visited the White House on July 14 to encourage younger Americans to get the COVID-19 vaccination. During her visit, she recorded videos for a social media push, met with President Joe Biden and Dr. Anthony Fauci, and dropped in on a White House press briefing. Rodrigo’s White House appearance sparked plenty of news headlines, fashion analysis and memes. But one manipulated photo on social media gave us déjà vu, because it was altered to make Biden look creepy. The photo came from Rodrigo’s drop-in at a White House press briefing with press secretary Jen Psaki, which lasted just a few minutes. In reality, Biden wasn’t there. But someone out there decided to photoshop Biden into the picture behind Rodrigo, squeezing her shoulders as Psaki looked on. ""Psaki face says it all,"" a Facebook user wrote July 15.  The photo was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 21, 2021 in a post on FacebookSays President John F. Kennedy said, “There are people in Washington, D.C., in positions of power to whom the border is just a nuisance, and I think some of them believe that illegal immigration is a moral good. It is not.”By Aaron Sharockman • June 22, 2021 Here’s a legitimate photo of Rodrigo and Psaki from the press briefing. (Here's a video.)  After a quick intro by Psaki, Rodrigo walked up the mic and told reporters how she was honored to speak up for the COVID-19 vaccines. ""I'm in awe of the work President Biden and Dr. Fauci have done and was happy to help lend my support to this important initiative,"" Rodrigo said. Biden wasn’t in the room. The ""Drivers License"" singer and the president met in a closed setting, later releasing this image from the Oval Office putting on aviators. View this post on Instagram A post shared by President Joe Biden (@potus) ""Thanks for stopping by, Olivia, and for using your voice to urge young people to get vaccinated,"" reads the caption from the POTUS Instagram account. The photo of Biden in the manipulated image appears to be lifted from a swearing-in ceremony for former Defense Secretary Ash Carter in 2015. His wife, Stephanie Carter, said Biden was squeezing her shoulders in support because she was ""uncharacteristically nervous,"" and the photo had been misconstrued. We rate this viral image Pants on Fire!  RELATED FACT-CHECK: Fact-checking the pedophilia attacks against Joe Biden","https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/olivia-rodrigo-white-house-outfit-details-1234882614/,https://junkee.com/olivia-rodrigo-white-house/301932,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/mar/14/viral-image/no-photo-doesnt-show-joe-biden-engaging-disturbing/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/22/facebook-posts/liberty-u-confuses-its-kennedys-louisiana-senator-/,https://nypost.com/2021/07/15/create-olivia-rodrigos-white-house-look-for-less-tweed-pumps-more/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK7uW2rf3S4,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/01/joe-biden-photo-shoulders-squeeze-stephanie-carter-response-latest,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/aug/12/facebook-posts/fact-checking-pedophilia-attacks-against-joe-biden/","Joe Biden, Olivia Rodrigo did not appear in press briefing together with Jen Psaki","Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +27,,,,False,Brandon Mulder,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/brandon-mulder/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/ted-cruz/laws-surrounding-arrests-texas-democrats-are-far-c/,"""There is clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators that are trying to stop the legislature from being able to do business.""",2021-07-13,politifact,,"On Tuesday morning, less than 24-hours after Texas Democratic legislators fled their home state to block passage of a GOP voting rights bill, USA Today reporter Savannah Behrmann caught up with U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, for his thoughts on the errant lawmakers.   It’s nothing but a political stunt that is doomed to fail, he said. And as soon as they return to the state he expects their immediate arrest, echoing a pledge made earlier this week by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott.   ""There is clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators that are trying to stop the Legislature from being able to do business,"" Cruz said in a hallway interview. And that ""clear legal authority"" is explicitly expressed in the state constitution, a fact he learned 18 years ago when state Democrats made their last exodus to thwart a GOP-backed congressional redistricting effort.   In 2003, before Cruz became a national household name, he was appointed to serve as the Texas Solicitor General by then-Attorney General Greg Abbott. That same year, Republicans’ redistricting plans were foiled when at least 50 Democratic state House members broke quorum and fled to Ardmore, Okla., forcing Texas Gov. Rick Perry to call a special session. During that special session, the Republican effort was scuttled again when 11 Democratic state senators made their own quorum-breaking getaway by fleeing to Albuquerque, N.M.  At the time, Speaker of the House Tom Craddick asked Abbott what legal authority the House has to arrest its absent Democratic colleagues. According to Cruz, that question was placed in Cruz's hands.   ""Abbott asked me. I researched it. It turns out the Texas Constitution has a provision that explicitly authorizes fleeing House members to be arrested,"" Cruz recalled Tuesday.  But Cruz’s interpretation of the constitution doesn’t appear to be shared by all.  Interpretations of the Texas Constitution  Article III, Sec. 10 of the state constitution provides little guidance for the situation at hand. In one short paragraph, the document states that the House can ""compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide.""  That language effectively grants authority over the handling of absent members to the Texas House Rules. Under the House rules, the remaining House members can issue a Motion for Call of the House, which directs the House's sergeant-at-arms to dispatch state police to find and return the missing members to secure a quorum.  ""All absentees for whom no sufficient excuse is made may, by order of a majority of those present, be sent for and arrested, wherever they may be found,"" Rule 5, Sec. 8 of the House rulebook states.   While the language uses the word ""arrest,"" there’s uncertainty about how this term is to be interpreted. Because none of these errant members have committed any crime, and the House cannot issue a criminal warrant for their arrest, they can’t be arrested in a criminal sense.  Although Cruz’s interpretation of the law finds that there is ""clear legal authority"" to handcuff Democratic lawmakers and put them ""in leg irons,"" others treat this as a gray area of the law.  The reason why this question lacks clarity is because this hypothetical set of circumstances has no judicial precedent in Texas, said Randall Erben, an adjunct professor at the University of Texas School of Law and former legislative director to Abbott. There has been no judicial interpretation of enforcement of Rule 5, Sec. 8 of the House rulebook, and thus no existing authority on the matter in Texas. ""I'm not going to argue with the junior senator about this, but what I'm saying is there's no precedent anywhere for any of this,"" Erben said. ""He may have found some authority someplace from somewhere, but it's not going to be relevant or on point to the interpretation by a court of competent jurisdiction, which under the Constitution is the only authority that anybody has to do this."" Featured Fact-checkTucker Carlsonstated on June 28, 2021 in a show“In Texas, the power companies have automatically raised the temperature of people's thermostats in the middle of a heatwave without their permission.""By Brandon Mulder • July 9, 2021 Cruz's office, which responded to questions after this article was first published, argued that the ""clear legal authority"" stems from the U.S. Constitution, which has a similar provision regarding absent lawmakers. Cruz spokesman Steve Guest points to a 1988 case in which an Oregon senator was brought into the senate chamber by police feet-first against his will.  Because there is no material difference between the language used in the U.S. Constitution and the Texas Constitution regarding absent lawmakers, Cruz's office argues that the 1988 case shows the extent to which officers can use force in returning lawmakers.  ""Pretending that the law doesn’t clearly allow for the arrest and potential physical compulsion of delinquent legislators is patently absurd,"" Guest said. Erben, however, said that the ultimate authority here rests in the Texas courts.   ""We’re in Texas. The only authority that’s relevant as far as a judicial review would be the Texas courts, and Texas courts have never ruled on anything about the enforcement of any House rule provision,"" Erben said.  The only time in Texas history where a lawmaker came close to facing arrest for absenteeism was in 1979. During that legislative session, an alliance of liberal senators known as the Killer Bees broke quorum for several days and evaded police by bunkering in an Austin garage. After several days, one senator, Gene Jones, left the garage to visit his granddaughter in Houston, prompting state police to search for him at his Houston home.   ""Photo in hand, they knocked on his door,"" recalled then-Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby. ""A man who looked a lot like the picture opened the door. The ranger asked him if he was Jones. He said, yes. They arrested him and took him to Austin. He was Jones all right, but not Gene Jones. They had arrested Gene’s brother, Clayton. When the knock came at the door, the senator had jumped over the back fence and stayed lost for another day.""  What does ‘arrest’ mean?  According to Sandra Thompson, a University of Houston law professor and director of the Criminal Justice Institute, the word ""arrest"" in the context of the House rules doesn’t grant officers an automatic right to use restraints or unreasonable levels of force. The use of restrains could only be used if a lawmaker posed a danger to public safety or to an officer’s safety.  ""In a situation like this, they don't even have a warrant for a criminal arrest,"" Thompson said. ""I think we really need to be thinking about this more in terms of an escort than trying to analogize it as a criminal situation.""  Both Thompson and Erben agree that absent legislators can be ordered to return to the House floor, but it’s not clear what would happen if that legislator refused compliance. The Texas Department of Public Safety did not respond to questions asking for the agency’s interpretation of the law.  ""It's at the extreme edge of parliamentary procedures,"" Thompson said. ""I don't imagine that there would be a situation where a legislator would forcibly resist. That could present a really sticky issue.""  ""Under the authority of the rules of the House, they can be made to come back into the chamber,"" Erben said. ""Now how that happens is up to every individual circumstance, every individual legislature, and every individual law enforcement officer if it comes to that.""  Our ruling  Cruz said that there is ""clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators"" who break quorum. The Texas House Rules states that absent lawmakers can ""be sent for and arrested, wherever they may be found."" But, because absent lawmakers aren’t charged with a crime, it’s unclear how the use of the word ""arrest"" should be interpreted in this context. This is because no Texas court has reviewed how this provision is to be enforced. Thus, there is no legal clarity.  We rate this claim False. Editor's note: This story has been updated to include comments from Cruz's office.","https://www.usatoday.com/staff/2646474001/savannah-behrmann/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/tucker-carlson/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/tucker-carlson/tucker-carlson-distorts-texas-smart-thermostat-con/",Is there 'clear legal authority to handcuff' truant Texas Democrats?,"Texas,Ted Cruz,Texas,Ted Cruz",,,,, +28,,,,False,Sasha Hupka,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/sasha-hupka/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/facebook-posts/no-uc-san-francisco-not-harvesting-genitalia-murde/,"“Newly obtained emails show UCSF harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies.”",2021-07-06,politifact,,"Anti-abortion activists in San Francisco protested this week after Live Action, an anti-abortion nonprofit organization, released emails that they claim show researchers at University of California, San Francisco ""harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies."" The emails were publicized in a Facebook post on the group’s page and an accompanying article on the organization’s website. In the Facebook post, which was published on July 6 and shared more than 500 times, the group wrote that ""it’s time to outlaw abortion and criminally prosecute those who abuse the bodies of children."" The claims do not accurately represent how UCSF obtains and uses fetal tissue. But that did not stop activists from gathering at the San Francisco Department of Public Health on July 14. The protest was livestreamed on Live Action’s Facebook page, racking up 35,000 views. Holding signs that read ""end live dismemberment"" and ""human rights begin in the womb,"" activists chanted ""do no harm"" and ""UCSF, we know what you do."" Facebook flagged the posts as part of its efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed, so we decided to break down the claims. (Read more about PolitiFact California’s partnership with Facebook.) The emails Pro-Life San Francisco, an organization affiliated with Live Action, said it obtained emails between UCSF employees through the California Public Records Act, which requires government entities, including public universities, to make certain documents and records available to members of the public upon request. The emails appear to log the collection of fetal tissue, a standard practice in biomedical research. They list what type of fetal tissue was collected and the time and date. Genitalia are among the types of fetal tissue listed in the emails. In one email, a UCSF employee states that they collected tissue from three different fetuses: a ""testis [and] bladder,"" a ""penis [and] bladder"" and a ""clitoris, bladder [and] uterus."" Acquiring fetal tissue UCSF does conduct biomedical research using fetal tissue and has done so for decades — but the claim that they obtain it from murdered babies greatly distorts the truth and is not correct. In a statement to PolitiFact, UCSF officials said the tissue used for research comes from donations, which can happen after a woman miscarries, chooses to terminate a pregnancy for medical reasons or chooses to have an elective abortion. The officials asked not to be named because of safety concerns. ""Only tissue that has been donated may be used in research,"" officials said. ""Many women who choose to terminate or experience the loss of a pregnancy specifically ask whether they can make these donations."" When fetal tissue is donated to research as the result of an elective abortion, officials said donations are made with written consent from women after they have ""independently"" decided to terminate their pregnancy. ""The [Live Action] article inaccurately implies throughout, through words such as ‘procure’ and ‘harvest,’ that these abortions are being performed in order to obtain tissue, which is false,"" officials said. Live Actions’ article also claims that ""the labor induction abortion techniques used in these facilities to procure ‘fresh’ parts can result in live births as often as 50% of the time."" To support this claim, the article cites a study published in 2011 on abortion in the second trimester. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 That study applies only to medical abortions induced with misoprostol, a drug that causes the uterus to cramp and expel a fetus. Medical abortions make up more than a third of all abortions at over 8 weeks gestation in the United States. Typically, women are first given mifepristone, a drug that stops the absorption of progesterone in the womb, which fetuses need to survive. The study states that ""survival with misoprostol for labor induction abortion at greater than 18 weeks ranges from 0% to 50%."" It cites research from 2002 on using misoprostol to facilitate mid-trimester abortions to support the claim. In that study, women were given just misoprostol, without taking mifepristone beforehand.  The scientists behind that research note in the study that ""live birth is a potential complication of any mid-trimester medical induction,"" but that their research is ""limited"" by the study’s sample size, since 47 women participated and just 23 of them were treated with misoprostol. The end of the article encourages further research. UCSF offers medical abortions, among other reproductive health services, at a clinic called the Women’s Options Center. Healthcare workers at the clinic use both mifepristone and misoprostol, and UCSF officials said there has never been a live birth during an abortion procedure. Why collect genitalia? Fetal tissue is used for many different types of research that helps advance scientific understanding of fetal development and can lead to new drugs and cures for a variety of conditions. By examining and conducting research with fetal tissue, researchers at UCSF have been able to further understand how the urinary tract develops in men and women, how genital malformations occur and the impact of fetal environment on the development of male and female reproductive organs. ""Tissues that have been donated to research after a miscarriage or abortion can offer significant insights that researchers would not otherwise be able to learn and translate into treatments for a range of diseases and illnesses,"" officials said. For many years, researchers at UCSF also used fetal tissue to study HIV and test new drugs that could help treat the disease. That research was supported with money from the National Institutes of Health, funding which was halted in 2019 after President Donald Trump’s administration announced new restrictions on government dollars going to research involving human fetal tissue. UCSF officials said research with fetal tissue is conducted ""in full compliance with federal and state law, and within the ethical standards established by preeminent scientific societies and professional research associations."" Our rating Live Action’s posts claimed that UCSF is ""harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies."" The emails Live Action cites are real and it is true that UCSF conducts biomedical research using human fetal tissue, including fetal tissue from the genitals. However, the social media posts suggest that UCSF is purposefully killing children to obtain this tissue, which is wildly misleading and inaccurate. The tissue used by UCSF scientists is donated by women who have miscarried, have terminated their pregnancies for medical reasons or have elected to have an abortion. In the case of elective abortions, women are only offered the option of donating fetal tissue after they have independently made the decision to terminate a pregnancy. Furthermore, in an article posted to Live Action’s website that accompanied their initial social media post, the group claims that abortion techniques used to obtain fetal tissue often result in live births, suggesting that healthcare workers obtain fetal tissue from live fetuses. Athough the group cites a scientific study to back up their claim, the study pertains only to abortions facilitated solely with misoprostol, a drug that causes the uterus to cramp and expel a fetus. At UCSF’s clinics, medical abortions are conducted using mifepristone, a feticidal drug, before misoprostol is administered to finish the abortion process. UCSF officials said there has never been a live birth during an abortion procedure at any of their clinics. UCSF’s biomedical research and acquisition of fetal tissue is legal and adheres to ethical guidelines. It is clear that Live Action’s posts take the university’s emails out of context and disregard the facts. Therefore, we rate this post False. FALSE – The statement is not accurate.","https://www.facebook.com/liveaction/posts/10159295922148728,https://www.liveaction.org/news/ucsf-callous-abortion-harvesting-exposed-records/?fbclid=IwAR0VIRS9xcvx2DdaVQAhHEXpO8xSvn9I5aTwmEDLc51bzztkZoXpwE6tV_w,https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1195095911008193,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.prolifesf.com/,https://oir.nih.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/sourcebook/documents/ethical_conduct/guidelines-biospecimen.pdf,https://irb.ucsf.edu/consent-guidance-gescr,https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/S0010-7824(11)00057-6/fulltext,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/67889,https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/UCSF-loses-contract-as-Trump-administration-13941523.php","No, UC San Francisco Is Not ‘Harvesting’ The Genitalia Of ‘Murdered Babies’","Abortion,Public Health,Science,Women,Facebook Fact-checks,California,Facebook posts,Abortion,Public Health,Science,Women,Facebook Fact-checks,California,Facebook posts",,,,, +29,,,,False,Monique Curet,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/monique-curet/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/15/facebook-posts/headlines-show-cnn-published-contradictory-reports/,Headlines show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.,2021-07-10,politifact,,"In the spring of 2020, when COVID-19 was coursing through the United States and the world, hydroxychloroquine became a household word as President Donald Trump touted the antimalaria drug for coronavirus patients and experts debated its efficacy. By summer, the Food and Drug Administration had revoked its authorization for hydroxychloroquine to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients and warned of serious health and safety issues. But interest in hydroxychloroquine persists. A study published in May — on a ""preprint"" website that publishes studies that have not been fully vetted — said hydroxychloroquine boosts survival in coronavirus patients. Trump has since claimed he was right all along about the drug, a claim we found questionable. In a viral Facebook post, social media users claimed that two headlines on stories by the same author show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in April and June 2020. The post, which juxtaposes images of the two headlines, was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The April headline said President Trump was ""wrong in so many ways"" about hydroxychloroquine, while the July headline said a study found that the drug ""helped coronavirus patients survive better."" The conflicting tone, the post author argues in the accompanying caption, represents a ""lie"" by the media meant to impugn Trump. The stories, though, did not contain conflicting information.  The April story addressed four specific claims Trump had made about hydroxychloroquine: when information would be available about whether the drug works against coronavirus; whether a French study of the drug was reputable; whether some people had tried to delay the trials of hydroxychloroquine; and whether the drug was safe for coronavirus patients.  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 23, 2021 in an Instagram postFuneral directors say “no one is dying from COVID” and ""the only ones dying are from the vaccine.""By Jason Asenso • June 29, 2021 The July story was about a different issue: the findings of a study by the Henry Ford Health System in Michigan about the survival rate for hospitalized patients who had been given hydroxychloroquine.     The only overlap between the two stories was the question of whether the drug is safe for coronavirus patients. The April story said that Trump called it safe, but that doctors said ""the drug can have serious side effects."" The July story said the Henry Ford study showed that hydroxychloroquine improved survival in hospitalized coronavirus patients, but it also detailed other researchers' skepticism about how the study was conducted.   For the July story, early versions of the headline matched the image in the Facebook post and said, ""Study finds hydroxychloroquine helped coronavirus patients survive better,"" according to our analysis of the CNN webpage through the Wayback Machine, an internet archive service. But later versions of the story had a longer headline that more clearly described the limitations of the study findings: ""Study finds hydroxychloroquine may have boosted survival, but other researchers have doubts.""  A year after the two CNN stories were published, hydroxychloroquine remains unproven as a treatment for coronavirus. A National Institutes of Health study published in November 2020, based on a randomized controlled trial — the highest standard of evidence — concluded that compared with a placebo, hydroxychloroquine provides no benefit to hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our ruling Social media users claimed in a Facebook post that the headlines on two stories by the same author show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.  The April headline said President Trump was ""wrong in so many ways"" about hydroxychloroquine, while the July headline said a study found that the drug ""helped coronavirus patients survive better.""  But the stories did not contain conflicting information. The April story covered four specific claims by President Trump about hydroxychloroquine, and the July story was a report on study findings about the drug.  We rate the claim False.","https://www.fda.gov/media/138945/download,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/OSE%20Review_Hydroxychloroquine-Cholorquine%20-%2019May2020_Redacted.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/14/facebook-posts/post-overstates-studys-200-finding-hydroxychloroqu/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jun/14/donald-trumps-i-was-right-about-everything-fact-ch/,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10219948327074832&set=a.4233753678391&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/instagram-posts/no-evidence-post-about-funeral-directors-seeing-de/,https://web.archive.org/web/20200703121551mp_/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/02/health/hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus-detroit-study/index.html,https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/02/health/hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus-detroit-study/index.html,https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/hydroxychloroquine-doesnt-benefit-hospitalized-covid-19-patients",Two CNN headlines aren’t proof of contradictory reports on hydroxychloroquine,"Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts",,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_politifact.csv b/output_sample_politifact.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1299fd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/output_sample_politifact.csv @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,,,,Pants on Fire,Monique Curet,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/monique-curet/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/instagram-posts/no-evidence-45000-deaths-covid-19-vaccines/,"“45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up.”",2021-07-20,politifact,,"America’s Frontline Doctors, a group known for its false and misleading claims about the pandemic, first made headlines in 2020 when its viral video about hydroxychloroquine got millions of views and was shared by President Donald Trump and Madonna. Now the group is back in the news with a lawsuit that includes a new claim.  ""45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up,"" said a viral Instagram post that cited the lawsuit. The claim was shared in other posts, too.  The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The number of deaths appears to have been fabricated by an unidentified woman, who did not reveal her method for calculating it.  The lawsuit says whistleblower Jane Doe — who it says is not identified by her real name because of concerns about personal safety and losing her job — is ""a computer programmer with subject matter expertise in the healthcare data analytics field, and access to Medicare and Medicaid data maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services."" The lawsuit and an addendum say that in order to calculate her estimate of deaths, Doe examined data from the government’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and compared it with medical claims related to vaccines and patient deaths from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The lawsuit says Doe determined that ""the number of deaths occurring with (sic) 3 days of injection with the Vaccines exceeds those reported by VAERS by a factor of at least 5."" It does not explain her method of calculation or how she arrived at that conclusion.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 The lawsuit and the woman’s calculations do not acknowledge the fact that reporting a death in VAERS does not prove that a person died as a result of receiving a vaccine. VAERS is an open system that contains reports that can be submitted by anyone and are not verified.  The woman used the figure of 9,048 deaths as a starting point for her calculations, according to the lawsuit. That was how many deaths associated with the vaccine had been reported to VAERS as of July 9, the lawsuit asserts. The number appears to be inaccurate, though, since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that through July 19, VAERS received 6,207 reports of death among people who received a COVID-19 vaccine.  And even though the agency has received more than 6,000 reports of death to its database, ""a review of available clinical information, including death certificates, autopsy, and medical records, has not established a causal link to COVID-19 vaccines,"" according to the CDC.  The lawsuit was filed on behalf of America’s Frontline Doctors. The group’s 2020 viral video falsely claimed that the coronavirus has a cure and also made misleading claims about state hydroxychloroquine restrictions, coronavirus case numbers and the impact of nationwide shutdown orders. Dr. Simone Gold, a founder of the group, has made other false claims about COVID-19 and vaccines.  Our ruling  An Instagram post claimed, ""45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up.""  The number tracks back to a woman who did not reveal her method for calculating the figure and who has not been publicly identified. She based her calculations on reports of deaths in VAERS, according to a lawsuit. But the number does not align with data contained in VAERS — and even the reports of death entered into that system do not prove that those people died as a result of receiving a vaccine. VAERS is an open system that contains reports that can be submitted by anyone and are not verified.  Finally, the claim was part of a lawsuit by America’s Frontline Doctors, a group that has peddled many false and conspiratorial claims about COVID-19 and vaccines. We rate this claim Pants on Fire!","https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/jul/29/who-are-doctors-viral-hydroxychloroquine-video/,https://archive.is/rencv,https://archive.is/iMmMq,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/03/vaers-governments-vaccine-safety-database-critical/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/adverse-events.html,https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/jul/28/fact-checking-video-doctors-talking-about-coronavi/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/26/simone-gold/receiving-covid-19-does-not-enroll-you-government-/","No evidence of 45,000 deaths from COVID-19 vaccines","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts",,,,, +1,,,,Pants on Fire,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/instagram-posts/biden-has-not-announced-quarantine-camps-unvaccina/,“Americans not vaccinated before 2022 will be put in camps”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"A social media post falsely states that President Joe Biden has announced a plan to put unvaccinated Americans into quarantine camps in 2022.  The July 20 Instagram post shows a screengrab of an article with a partial headline that reads ""Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put In Camps."" The screengrab includes an illustration of Biden along with text below it that reads, ""President Joe Biden announced his latest effort to stop the spread of COVID-19, he will be putting Americans who have chosen to not be vaccinated, into ‘quarantine camps’ where they will be detained indefinitely until they get their shots."" None of this is true. The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) The claim is a picture of a June 21 post on Valuewalk.com, which includes a ""disclaimer"" at the end of the story that reads, ""This is a satirical article."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook postA photo shows Mike Tyson wearing a T-shirt with an anti-vaccine message.By Gabrielle Settles • June 30, 2021 Biden has not announced any plans for quarantine camps. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has designated what it terms  ""quarantine stations"" at 20 ports of entry and land-border crossings where most international travelers arrive. Health officers in these stations decide whether ill people can enter the country. The CDC has the authority to detain and release any traveler arriving in the U.S. from abroad who may have an infectious disease. Our ruling An Instagram post claimed that Biden announced that Americans not vaccinated by 2022 will be placed in ""quarantine camps."" The claim derives from an article that is labeled ""satirical"" — but it is being shared on social media without that context or disclaimer. Pants on Fire!","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRjcZLAlXU5/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=a725f097-561e-49a6-87de-a75457e6a493,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://archive.is/ggzoz,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/30/facebook-posts/photo-mike-tyson-anti-vaccine-t-shirt-was-altered/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/sep/10/instagram-posts/cdc-and-fema-arent-separating-students-and-parents/,https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/quarantine-stations-us.html",Biden has not announced ‘quarantine camps’ for unvaccinated Americans,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts",,,,, +2,,,,False,Warren Fiske,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/warren-fiske/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/bobby-scott/scott-falsely-accuses-gop-defunding-police/,“Every Republican in Congress voted to defund the police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan.”,2021-07-12,politifact,,"In last fall’s campaigns, Republicans thundered often inaccurate charges that Democrats wanted to defund police departments. U.S. Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., is flipping the script and saying that all congressional Republicans voted to defund police this year when they opposed a $1.9 trillion stimulus plan. ""Every Republican in Congress voted to defund police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan,"" Scott tweeted on July 12.  Scott represents Virginia’s 3rd congressional district, stretching from Norfolk and parts of Chesapeake north through Newport News and west through Franklin.  His claim, echoing a Democratic talking point, melts under scrutiny. Here’s why. The Facts The term ""defunding police'' arose after the 2020 killing of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer. Many advocates say it does not mean abolishing police, but rather reallocating some of the money and the duties that have traditionally been handled by police departments. For example, instead of dispatching police for routine calls involving drug abuse or mental health issues, advocates say it would be better to send officials from social service departments who have training in treating people with those problems. Some of the funds going to police, they say, would be better spent treating mental illness and addiction. Theoretically, that would allow police to put more focus on violent crime. The defund police movement became an attack line for Republicans in 2020, and many Democrats, including President Joe Biden, repeatedly disassociated themselves from it. Moderate Democrats, including Sen. Mark Warner and Rep. Abigail Spanberger of Virginia, said progressives’ calls for defunding police were a large reason congressional Democrats didn’t win as many seats as expected last fall. The American Rescue Plan passed Congress in March 2021 with no Republican support. The $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief package provides aid to individuals, small businesses, nonprofits and the tourism industry. Included in that amount is $350 billion to help state, local and tribal governments recoup revenues they lost because of the coronavirus crisis. The law gives governments choices for using the money, including providing ""premium pay to essential workers or provid(ing) grants to employers of essential workers during the COVID-19 emergency."" In other words, the law does not require governments to spend the aid on essential workers such as police, teachers or medical technicians; it gives them the option to. When lawmakers voted on the bill, there was no guarantee that localities would funnel some of the money to police departments. And the bill did not cut funding to any department. So a vote against the bill giving the states and localities a one-time injection of extra cash was not tantamount to a vote to defund police. Republican leaders never mentioned police funding in their list of reasons for voting against the bill. They criticized the cost of the package, charged that it was filled with Democratic pet projects, and said only a small portion of the money was specifically designated for spending on the coronavirus vaccines. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 Scott’s explanation We asked Scott’s office to back up his statement. Austin Barbera, his press secretary, wrote in an email that the act ""was intended to replace lost revenue during the pandemic and to continue to keep emergency services and cops on the job – among other things."" Barbera sent an NBC article noting that communities in at least 10 congressional districts represented by Republicans who opposed the bill are using some of its relief funds to help their police departments.  He also noted that House Republicans unanimously voted against a separate, $1.9 billion bill to secure the U.S. Capitol after the Jan. 6 insurrection. The measure passed the House on a 219-212 vote and is pending in the Senate. Among other things, it would cover costs the Capitol Police and other security forces incurred in quelling the riot. ""These are just two examples of how House Republicans have all voted against funding the police just this year,"" Barbera said. It should be pointed out, however, that the bill would offer one-time supplements to the security forces and pay for a long list of capital improvements. Opposing the bill does not rise to a vote to take away existing funding. Finally, we should note that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Cedric Richmond, a senior White House adviser, have also accused Republicans of defunding police by opposing the stimulus plan.  Our ruling  Scott tweeted, ""Every Republican in Congress voted to defund the police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan."" The $1.9 trillion stimulus dedicates $350 billion to compensating state, local and tribal governments for lost revenues during the coronavirus crisis. The law gives the governments wide flexibility in using the money, and one option is to spend it on essential workers or their departments.  But the bill never guaranteed that the money would go to essential workers — including police and their departments — when Republicans voted against it. And there’s a huge difference between voting against a possible one-time cash injection into police departments and cutting their existing funding, as Scott implied. We rate Scott’s statement False.","https://twitter.com/BobbyScott,https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/525983-warner-blames-democratic-losses-on-defund-the-police,https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/webb-spanberger-defund-attacks/2020/11/11/9afd6408-2426-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319/actions?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr1319%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=2,https://www.republicanleader.senate.gov/newsroom/remarks/democrats-using-crisis-to-check-off-unrelated-liberal-priorities,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/26/mitch-mcconnell/how-much-goes-covid-19-vaccines-stimulus-bill/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-republicans-who-opposed-covid-aid-still-see-funds-flow-n1272727,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3237?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr3237%22%5D%7D&s=2&r=1,https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/62921-1,https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/fox-news-sunday-on-june-27-2021",Scott falsely accuses GOP of defunding police,"Public Safety,Stimulus,Coronavirus,Virginia,Bobby Scott,Public Safety,Stimulus,Coronavirus,Virginia,Bobby Scott",,,,, +3,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/viral-image/much-evidence-covid-19-vaccines-save-lives-even-th/,"“If the shot actually saved lives, they’d be priced so high that you literally could not afford them, you know like insulin.”",2021-07-16,politifact,,"A meme showing the late comedian George Carlin makes this claim about COVID-19 vaccines: ""If the shot actually saved lives, they’d be priced so high that you literally could not afford them, you know like insulin."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) It’s well established in the United States that the COVID-19 vaccines, while not 100% effective in preventing the disease, have saved lives: A report published July 7 by the Commonwealth Fund found that without a vaccination program, there would have been approximately 279,000 additional U.S. deaths by the end of June 2021. More than 609,000 people in the U.S. have died from COVID-19.The Associated Press reported that only about 150 of the more than 18,000 confirmed COVID-19 deaths in May were in fully vaccinated people, according to its analysis of data from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That translates to about 0.8%, meaning 99.2% of the deaths were among people who were not fully vaccinated.Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said July 1 that preliminary data from a collection of states over the last six months suggest 99.5% of deaths from COVID-19 in these states have occurred in unvaccinated people.  The federal government bought vaccines from the vaccine manufacturers, and Congress mandated that the vaccines be provided free to all people living in the U.S. in an attempt to reach ""population immunity"" — to make it harder for the disease to spread.  According to the most recent Congressional Research Service report, as of March 31, the federal contracts for the vaccines that have received emergency use authorization were worth roughly $6 billion for Moderna, $5 billion for Pfizer-BioNTech and $1.5 billion for Johnson & Johnson.  Vaccine providers signed agreements with the federal government not to charge patients; they can seek reimbursement of their costs through Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance. Federal funds reimburse health care providers for administering the vaccines to people who don’t have health insurance. With regard to insulin, rising prices are a problem for the millions of Americans who rely on the medication to manage their diabetes. The high costs have been driven largely by the business practices of manufacturers, health plans and pharmacy benefit managers, PolitiFact reported. We rate the meme False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=796819154360324&set=a.110100856365494&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jul/deaths-and-hospitalizations-averted-rapid-us-vaccination-rollout,https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-941fcf43d9731c76c16e7354f5d5e187,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/01/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-43/,https://www.cms.gov/covidvax-provider,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/01/upshot/covid-vaccine-hesitancy-cost.html,https://www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/covid-19-care-uninsured-individuals/index.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/no-cost.html#:~:text=The%20federal%20government%20is%20providing,goal%20of%20achieving%20population%20immunity.,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11560,https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/secretary-becerra-letter-to-issuers-providers.pdf,https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/secretary-becerra-letter-to-issuers-providers.pdf,https://www.hrsa.gov/about/news/press-releases/coverage-uninsured-covid19-vaccinations-claims,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/aug/03/donald-trump/trump-inflates-insulin-help-seniors/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/02/chuck-grassley/why-are-insulin-prices-going-chuck-grassley-explai/","Much evidence COVID-19 vaccines save lives, even though they’re free to patients","Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, +4,,,,False,Jon Greenberg,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/jon-greenberg/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/marjorie-taylor-greene/marjorie-taylor-greene-says-hipaa-shields-her-vacc/,Questions about whether she’s been vaccinated are “a violation of my HIPAA rights.”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., has been an outspoken critic of vaccines and masks to stop the spread of COVID-19. After she tweeted that the disease was a threat only to people who are obese or over 65 — very inaccurate medical guidance — Twitter banned her for 12 hours. Greene held a news conference and was promptly asked if she herself was vaccinated. ""Your first question is a violation of my HIPAA rights,"" Greene said July 20. ""You see, with HIPAA rights, we don’t have to reveal our medical records, and that also involves our vaccine records."" HIPAA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and it contains rules governing the privacy of medical information.  But the law has no bearing on whether Greene can be asked about her medical history, according to both legal experts and official HIPAA guidelines. Whether she answers is a matter of personal choice, not the law. The U.S. Health and Human Service Department summarizes HIPAA as setting ""rules and limits on who can look at and receive your health information."" This mainly targets insurance companies and health care providers, which are among the parties the law calls ""covered entities."" These entities can’t share your health records without your permission. If they do, they face stiff penalties.  Notably, employers are not on the list of covered entities. Greene described HIPAA as though it conferred a special protection against being asked about her medical history. Mark Rothstein, a University of Louisville law professor specializing in HIPAA, said Greene is mistaken. ""It is not a general shield that permits individuals to avoid disclosing their own health information,"" Rothstein said. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 6, 2021 in an Instagram postA study found an “82% miscarriage rate” among women between 30 days and 20 weeks pregnant who got an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.By Samantha Putterman • July 9, 2021 ""Individuals often must disclose their health information, or authorize the disclosure by a HIPAA covered entity, when applying for employment, life insurance, etc.,"" Rothstein said. ""The individual does not have to release the health information, but then they may not be hired or offered insurance."" On the specific matter of vaccination status, employers are free to ask workers if they have gotten the shot. That means any member of the public, including the media, can ask the question of a government official who works for them. ""That is not a HIPAA violation, and employees may decide whether to provide that information to their employer,"" the HHS said. Greene’s director of communications, Nick Dyer, told us, ""Congresswoman Greene’s medical records, including her vaccination status, are none of the media’s business."" Our ruling Greene said questions from reporters about whether she’s been vaccinated violate her HIPAA rights.  That’s not true. HIPAA gives people the right to control how hospitals and insurance companies share their medical records, but it gives no blanket protection against being asked health questions, or having to answer them.  Employers may ask employees if they are vaccinated, without running afoul of HIPAA, according to federal guidelines.  Greene can sidestep the question as a matter of personal choice, but not because of HIPAA.  We rate this claim False.","http://v,https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/1320d-6,https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-individuals/guidance-materials-for-consumers/index.html,https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/covered-entities/index.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/facebook-posts/post-misrepresents-preliminary-data-miscarriages-a/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/21/viral-image/no-hipaa-doesnt-prohibit-businesses-asking-about-y/,https://www.hhs.gov/answers/if-my-employer-requires-proof-of-my-covid-19-vaccination-status/index.html",Marjorie Taylor Greene says HIPAA shields her from vaccination questions. It doesn’t.,"National,Legal Issues,Public Health,Coronavirus,Marjorie Taylor Greene,National,Legal Issues,Public Health,Coronavirus,Marjorie Taylor Greene",,,,, +5,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/blog-posting/no-canada-isnt-banning-pilots-flying-if-they-get-c/,“Canada prohibits all vaxxed pilots from flying.”,2021-07-11,politifact,,"On July 19, Canada announced that fully vaccinated Americans could resume visiting the country beginning Aug. 9. So it seems odd that the government would prohibit vaccinated pilots from flying, but that’s what a recent blog post claims.  ""Canada prohibits all vaxxed pilots from flying,"" reads a July 11 headline of a post on a website called ""Alt News.""  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The post includes a screenshot of a page about COVID-19 vaccines on the website of Transport Canada, the country’s transportation department. The page said in part: ""Transport Canada Civil Aviation Medicine does not restrict or limit aviators from taking vaccines that have been approved by Health Canada. Transport Canada (TC) Civil Aviation Medicine (CAM) does not impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada."" It also said: ""While TC CAM places no restrictions or limitations on vaccines approved by Health Canada, it remains the general position of TC CAM that participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification."" The blog post claims that because ""the corona vax is a ‘medical trial,’"" COVID-19 vaccinations ""are ruled to ground all pilots.""  But that misstates facts.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 Transport Canada said pilots wouldn’t be restricted if they took vaccines approved by Health Canada, the country’s health department.  According to Health Canada’s website, it has received 21 applications for drug and vaccine authorizations related to COVID-19. Several vaccines have been authorized for use in Canada, including the AstraZeneca, Moderna and Pfizer vaccines. Others, such as one from a company called Novavax, are still under review.  Transport Canada did not immediately respond to PolitiFact’s questions about the post, but as of July 21, its website no longer included the language about medical trials that was highlighted in the post.  The site now says, ""COVID-19 vaccines that have been approved by Health Canada (Moderna, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)) are considered compatible with Transport Canada Aviation Medical Certification."" The site still says the department doesn’t ground pilots who wish to take those vaccines.  The earlier wording on the site about medical trials was in response to pilots asking if they could take part in vaccine trials Health Canada had organized before some vaccines were approved for general use in the country, a spokesperson for Transport Canada told AFP.  ""Now that Health Canada has approved the vaccines, the comment regarding medical trials is less relevant and we have elected to remove that statement,"" the spokesperson said to AFP. We rate claims that pilots who are vaccinated against COVID-19 can’t fly False.","https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-ease-border-measures-welcome-vaccinated-us-tourists-next-month-2021-07-19/,https://archive.is/o40f8,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://web.archive.org/web/20210713162544if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/authorization/applications.html,https://archive.is/Tgi6c,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FF8QF-1","No, Canada isn’t banning pilots from flying if they get a COVID-19 vaccine","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Bloggers,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Bloggers",,,,, +6,,,,Mostly False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/facebook-posts/old-obama-era-letter-edited-take-aim-biden/,Ex-AARP members wrote this letter criticizing the “Biden Regime.”,2021-07-18,politifact,,"A long letter critical of AARP, the nonpartisan organization that lobbies on behalf of Americans who are 50 and older, is circulating on social media and takes aim at President Joe Biden.  It’s addressed to Barry Rand, who is described as the executive director of AARP. But Rand retired in 2014, and he died in 2018.  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) A version of this letter, signed by Walt and Cyndy Miller in South Carolina, has been online since 2009, when Rand was the CEO of AARP. Snopes investigated its origins back then and confirmed with Cyndy Miller that she did write the letter to Rand. It was in response to a letter they had received encouraging them to renew their lapsed membership. According to the letter that appears in the Snopes fact-check, the Millers said that ""AARP gave us a sense of belonging which we no longer enjoy.""  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 ""The Socialist politics practiced by the Obama administration and empowered by AARP serves only to raise the blood pressure my medical insurance strives to contain,"" the original letter went on to say. But the version that is being shared on Facebook now has been edited and embellished. It criticizes the ""Socialist politics practiced by the Biden Regime"" and  refers to ""illegal perpetrators"" and ""amnesty (aka-make voters out of the foreign lawbreakers so they can vote to continue the government’s free handouts).""   While much of this letter is the same as the Millers’ version, it is being shared as if it’s a new attack on Biden’s policies. In reality, it was written more than a decade ago, when its authors were frustrated with then-President Barack Obama’s administration.  Biden, of course, served in that administration as vice president, but this message has been edited and altered in the years since to mislead readers into believing it is current. It’s not. We rate this post Mostly False.","https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/pelosi-statement-retirement-barry-rand-aarp,https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/history/info-2018/barry-rand-obituary.html,https://www.facebook.com/ron.wilder.37/posts/10222845045689240,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/letter-to-aarp/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/",Old Obama-era letter edited to take aim at Biden,"Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +7,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/viral-image/photo-world-cup-celebration-france-not-anti-vaccin/,Photo shows people protesting against “vaccine tyranny” in France.,2021-07-19,politifact,,"More than 100,000 people in France recently protested the country’s COVID-19 vaccination strategy, and some people are cheering them on online.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 ""France,"" reads one Facebook post showing a photo of Champs-Elysee crowded with people as someone stands on the Arc de Triomphe above holding a French flag. ""People are [email protected] up and uniting [email protected] ¥@xxin€ tyranny and n€w w0rld 0rd€r!"" (Screengrab from Facebook)   France has a long history of powerful protests, but this photo doesn’t show anti-vaccine demonstrators in the streets this year.    This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.)   A reverse image search of the photo shows it was taken in July 2018, after France won soccer’s World Cup. People were celebrating France’s win over Croatia in the final match that year — not protesting French President Emmanuel Macron’s recent announcement that unvaccinated residents would have limited access to restaurants, public events, and more.    There are other photos that show French people protesting in the streets. But this isn’t one of them.    We rate this post False.","https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=104313798609247&set=a.100292735678020&type=3,https://www.politifact.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection,https://www.politifact.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection,https://www.france24.com/en/20181207-france-yellow-vest-protests-aux-barricades-long-history-revolt,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/france-covid-vaccine-pass-protests.html,https://www.politico.eu/article/france-rules-coronavirus-green-pass-vaccine-backlash/","This is a photo of a World Cup celebration in France, not an anti-vaccine protest","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, +8,,,,Mostly False,Madison Czopek,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/madison-czopek/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/tweets/advance-child-tax-credit-payments-wont-usually-req/,“You must give EVERY PENNY” of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"Many American households with children saw their bank account balances increase on July 15 as the IRS began distributing the first in a series of advance child tax credit payments.  The early payments of the child tax credit — which was increased as part of the American Rescue Plan Act — will continue through December 2021 to families of children ages 17 and under. Ultimately, the advance payments will distribute half of a family’s expected total child tax credit for 2021. Families will receive the other half of the credit when they file their taxes. Although many view the payments as a positive step, others took to social media to express their concerns.  ""I see a lot of people celebrating #BidenBucks like its free money,"" reads one since-deleted tweet. ""This is a dollar-for-dollar advance on your taxes. You must give EVERY PENNY of it back when you file next year. It's different from the stimulus money you may have received in 2020 (didn't require repayment)."" We found similar tweets elsewhere, including one that called the credit a ""bait & switch"" and another that described it as a ""scam."" Will people have to pay back the money they receive from the advance payments?  It’s possible, but there are mechanisms in place to prevent that from happening — particularly for the most vulnerable families. In many cases, taxpayers will not have to pay back the money received via the advance child tax credit payments. On its website, the IRS explains that the payments are ""early payments from the IRS of 50% of the estimated amount of the Child Tax Credit that you may properly claim on your 2021 tax return during the 2022 tax filing season."" A family with a child age 17 or younger that has an adjusted gross income of less than $240,000 per year for a single filer or less than $440,000 per year for a couple filing jointly should be eligible to receive at least some portion of the 2021 child tax credit.  To determine eligibility for the advance payments and to estimate the child tax credit a family will earn, the IRS used 2020 tax returns (or 2019 tax returns if a family’s 2020 return has not yet been processed.)  Because the advanced child tax credit payments are based on an estimate of the 2021 tax credit a family will be eligible for, it is possible some families might have to pay back some of the money.  ""If the total (amount of advance Child Tax Credit payments) is greater than the Child Tax Credit amount that you are allowed to claim on your 2021 tax return, you may have to repay the excess amount on your 2021 tax return during the 2022 tax filing season,"" the IRS explained. If a child turns 18 in 2021, for example, that could result in the IRS overestimating a family’s expected child tax credit. It is worth noting that the IRS routinely gets information from the Social Security Administration on valid Social Security numbers, which can be used to determine age. But if, for some reason, a family receives advance payments for a child who is no longer eligible in 2021, the money will likely have to be paid back.  Divorced parents who alternate the years they claim their children as dependents might also encounter a situation where the IRS might send child tax credit payments that would need to be paid back. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 But there are protections in place to prevent families from encountering a situation where they would have to pay money back, according to Elaine Maag, a tax policy expert and principal research associate at the Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center. She said research shows that very low-income families are the most likely to have changing child custody situations or to have experienced a marriage or divorce. To protect those families from having to pay back money, there is a ""hold harmless"" provision in the law.  ""It essentially says if you’re single and have income of under about $40,000, you’re at no risk of paying back erroneous payments,"" Maag said.  Married couples making up to $60,000 are also protected from having to pay back overpayments of up to $2,000 per child because of the hold harmless provision. If a family’s income drastically increased in 2021 compared to the income indicated on the 2020 (or 2019) tax return the IRS used to estimate the family’s tax credit, the outdated information could result in overpayments of the credit that might have to be paid back.  ""It would reduce your refund or increase your tax payment next April,"" April Walker, lead manager of tax practice and ethics at the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, told CNBC. ""That’s how it would be paid back."" Maag said she believes that drastic increases in income resulting in overpayments of the tax credit ""will be rare"" because families will receive the maximum amount of the child tax credit if they earn anywhere between $0 and $75,000 as a single filer (or $112,500 for head of household) or $150,000 for joint filers.  ""Most people won’t go from $0 to a $300,000 per year earnings,"" she said. ""I don’t think that situation will be extremely common.""  She noted that even if a family’s income went from $20,000 a year to $300,000 a year, the family’s child tax credit would only decrease from $3,000 to $2,000 per child. ""Only half of that is being advanced, so it’s not a huge liability,"" Maag said. ""And that’s a really high-income family. They can probably absorb that change in their taxes."" The payments are not taxable income. They are tax credits that reduce a family’s tax bill. Families can choose to opt out of the monthly payments in favor of receiving their child tax credit as a lump sum after filing their taxes using the IRS’s Child Tax Credit Update Portal. The deadline to opt out is about two weeks before a payment is made.  The only way a family will have to pay back the money received in the advanced payments is if the household actually qualifies for a smaller 2021 child tax credit than what the IRS estimated when distributing the payments.  Ultimately, Maag said ""we don’t know the exact answer"" to how many families this might impact. Our ruling A tweet said that ""you must give EVERY PENNY"" of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes. Because the IRS calculated eligibility for the payments based on a family’s 2020 tax return, it is possible that some families, such as those whose incomes dramatically increased in 2021 or parents who alternate claiming children as dependents, could have to pay some money back.  However, ""must"" communicates a sense of certainty that is at odds with the reality of the situation. And even families that end up having to pay back some of the child credit will not necessarily have to pay back ""EVERY PENNY."" Finally, the law includes protections in place to ensure the lowest-income families will not have to pay back erroneous payments.  We rate this claim Mostly False.","https://www.whitehouse.gov/child-tax-credit/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-e-advance-payment-process-of-the-child-tax-credit#e1#e1,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/15/1016122095/the-expanded-child-tax-credit-is-here-heres-what-you-need-to-know,https://19thnews.org/2021/07/child-tax-credit-payments-moms-road-out-of-poverty/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210715160236/https://twitter.com/spankyNspronkle/status/1415702799304859652,https://twitter.com/FairWitnessAnne/status/1416480581576179712?s=20,https://twitter.com/1LookOutHill/status/1417642849462484994?s=20,https://twitter.com/_dharmadad_/status/1417588042131558400?s=20,https://twitter.com/Ary12834200/status/1416540665463246849?s=20,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.cnet.com/personal-finance/taxes/heres-who-isnt-eligible-for-the-300-child-tax-credit-payment-this-week/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/15/1016122095/the-expanded-child-tax-credit-is-here-heres-what-you-need-to-know,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/15/divorced-parents-may-want-to-opt-out-of-the-advance-child-tax-credit.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.cpajournal.com/2021/05/18/icymi-a-first-look-at-the-american-rescue-plan-act-of-2021/,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/21/you-may-have-to-pay-back-some-of-the-new-3000-child-tax-credit.html,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jun/23/what-do-child-tax-credit-coming-monthly-starting-j/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/child-tax-credit-update-portal",Advance child tax credit payments won’t usually require repayment,"Economy,Taxes,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tweets,Economy,Taxes,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tweets",,,,, +9,,,,Mostly False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/tomi-lahren/fact-checking-tomi-lahren-vaccines-and-covid-19-su/,"“Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival.”",2021-07-18,politifact,,"Is a person’s chance of surviving COVID-19 the same, vaccinated or not? ""Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival,"" conservative commentator Tomi Lahren said on Facebook, where she has 4.8 million followers. ""Get vaccinated and you can STILL get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival."" Her post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Vaccines don’t offer 100% protection. Some vaccinated people will get COVID-19, and some of them will die. But Lahren’s claim incorrectly conflates survival rates for the population at large with an individual’s chances of survival, which can vary widely depending on individual circumstances. And in suggesting that vaccines don’t make a difference, Lahren ignores evidence showing vaccines are highly effective at preventing infections that could cause death. ""The statement is really well written to be misleading,"" said Cindy Prins, an epidemiology professor at the University of Florida. ""The interpretation could easily be that there’s no difference between unvaccinated and being vaccinated, in terms of chances of survival. But it leaves out what vaccines do in preventing disease in the first place. ""The vaccine is preventing the vast amount of cases that you would have had,"" Prins added. ""And if you reduce the risk of becoming a case, then you can’t die from COVID.""  Case fatality rates, and why they’re misleading Lahren, a Fox Nation talk show host, did not reply to our request for information to support her claim.  More than 609,000 people have died from COVID-19 in the U.S. Estimates of the U.S. case fatality rate — the ratio of confirmed deaths to confirmed cases — are around 1.8%, according to the U.K. nonprofit Our World in Data and Johns Hopkins University. (Among the 20 countries most affected by COVID-19, case fatality rates range from 0.8% in Thailand and Malaysia, to 9.3% in Peru, according to Johns Hopkins.) Adding in unconfirmed cases — those without a positive test result — would likely bring the U.S. mortality rate below 1%, suggesting a survival rate of over 99%.  However, experts say that the survival rate for the infected population at large is not the same as an individual’s chance of survival after getting the disease. The chance of survival for a given individual or demographic group depends on a host of factors, including age and health history. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans. By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 Figures from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show how just one factor — age — increases the risk of death for a person with COVID-19.  The CDC uses people in the 18-to-29 age group as a benchmark, because that age group has accounted for the largest cumulative number of COVID-19 cases. For people in the 30-to-39 age group, the risk of dying from COVID-19 is four times as high. The risk increases for each older group, with people aged 85 and over being 600 times as likely to die. These figures don’t take into account other risk factors, such as preexisting health conditions, that would affect a person’s chances of dying. Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said that for 20-year-olds broadly, getting vaccinated probably wouldn't reduce their mortality rate much, but for 85-year-olds, it would go down significantly. 99% of recent deaths are among unvaccinated people By comparing survival rates for infected people with and without vaccinations, Lahren’s claim also ignores a significant factor: the impact of vaccinations in preventing infections in the first place.  A report published July 7 by the Commonwealth Fund found that without a vaccination program, by the end of June 2021 there would have been about 279,000 additional deaths. The Associated Press reported that only about 150 of the more than 18,000 COVID-19 deaths in May were in fully vaccinated people, according to its analysis of CDC data. That translates to about 0.8%, meaning 99.2% of the deaths were among people who were not fully vaccinated. Preliminary data for June show a similar pattern: 99.5% of deaths from COVID-19 in a collection of states occurred in unvaccinated people, CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said at a White House briefing July 1. The CDC’s latest data on so-called breakthrough cases says that as of July 12, more than 159 million people had been fully vaccinated. With 48 states and territories reporting, there were 5,492 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among them, and 1,063 deaths. That included 272 deaths that were reported as not related to COVID-19 or in which there were no COVID-19 symptoms. Our ruling Lahren said: ""Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival."" Mortality data shows that some 99% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the U.S. do not result in death, but the survival rate for the population at large is not the same as an infected individual’s chance of survival, which depends on many risk factors. The claim also leaves out important context: the role of vaccines in preventing infections that could lead to death. Preliminary data indicate that in recent months, more than 99% of COVID-19 deaths have been among people who have not been vaccinated. The claim contains an element of truth, but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression — our definition of Mostly False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=359439972211165&set=a.278260926995737&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://ourworldindata.org/mortality-risk-covid?country=USA,https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality,https://ourworldindata.org/mortality-risk-covid#what-do-we-know-about-the-risk-of-dying-from-covid-19,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-age.html,https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jul/deaths-and-hospitalizations-averted-rapid-us-vaccination-rollout,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-941fcf43d9731c76c16e7354f5d5e187,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/01/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-43/,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/health-departments/breakthrough-cases.html",Fact-checking Tomi Lahren on vaccines and COVID-19 survival chances,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tomi Lahren,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tomi Lahren",,,,, +10,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/facebook-posts/deaths-jetblue-pilots-falsely-connected-covid-19-v/,Five JetBlue pilots died from the COVID-19 vaccine.,2021-07-17,politifact,,"A post that’s being shared on Facebook suggests that five JetBlue pilots died in connection to the COVID-19 vaccine, but there’s no evidence to support that.  ""HORRIFIC!"" the July 17 post says. ""Five Jet Blue Airlines pilots are confirmed dead, current Jet Blue whistleblower confirms push for jab continues — how is this SAFE for you and your loved ones? How is this about HEALTH when thousands are dying and they keep PUSHING this poison with coercion?""  The post shares a video of a talk show in which a guest says that a JetBlue pilot came forward to say that ""five JetBlue pilots passed away between February of this year and May."" She says ""there’s no direct information yet about their jab status"" but the show’s host calls the deaths ""suspicious.""  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) JetBlue told PolitiFact that it was ""aware of a report that mentions four of our pilots and one inflight crew member who have passed away this year,"" but said there is ""no connection in their deaths or to the COVID-19 vaccine.""  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 ""The social media video appears designed to intentionally deceive the public and should not be considered a trusted source of information,"" the company said.  In 2020, JetBlue’s full-time staff included about 3,700 pilots and 4,300 flight attendants, according to its annual report. The names of people who died are given in the video in the post. We reviewed their obituaries and found no mention of COVID-19, a vaccine, or the coronavirus.  The obituary of one of the men says he died of kidney cancer. The obituary of a second man says he died after a utility task vehicle accident. The family requested that people attending his memorial service ""wear masks to protect those who are immunocompromised, have health problems, and/or are vulnerable."" The obituary for a third man, a JetBlue crew member,  just says that he died ""unexpectedly,"" and obituaries for the other two men make no mention of cause of death.  Searching more broadly online we found nothing to connect their deaths to the COVID-19 vaccine.  We previously fact-checked a similar claim that the death of four British Airways pilots was connected to the COVID-19 vaccine. British Airways said the deaths weren’t connected to the vaccine. We rated that claim False.  This one merits the same. The suggestion that the deaths of these JetBlue employees was caused by a COVID-19 vaccine is unfounded and in some cases contradicted by the available evidence. We rate it False.","https://archive.is/y7oIF,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,http://blueir.investproductions.com/~/media/Files/J/Jetblue-IR-V2/Annual-Reports/jblu017-jetblue-2020-annual-report-web.pdf,https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/04/obituarybenjamin-c-ingraham/,https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/kinston/name/alan-herring-obituary?pid=198826353,https://obituaries.bangordailynews.com/obituary/mark-daigle-1081948737,https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/20098703/Robert-Glenn-Hampton/Goldsboro/North-Carolina/Seymour-Funeral-Home-Cremation-Service,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/28/facebook-posts/website-falsely-links-british-airways-pilot-deaths/",Deaths of JetBlue pilots falsely connected to COVID-19 vaccine,"Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts",,,,, +11,,,,False,Jon Greenberg,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/jon-greenberg/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/tweets/how-much-co2-did-bezos-rocket-ride-release-close-z/,Says “Jeff Bezos will put 300 (metric tons) of carbon into the atmosphere for 180 seconds in space.”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"When uber-billionaire Jeff Bezos blasted off from a launchpad in Texas for a fast and short trip to near-space, he ignited a burst of claims about the outsized carbon footprint of his adventure. ""Today Jeff Bezos will put 300 tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere for 180 seconds in space,"" said one tweet July 20. Other social posts made the same general point. ""If you are reporting on the Bezos space flight … please mention the carbon emissions."" ""They really should given Bezos trip today = more carbon pollution than avg person’s whole life but oddly most in media refuse to punch up when it comes to climate."" In terms Americans might more clearly understand, the claim is that about 330 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted for Bezos and three companions to ride to a point about 60 miles above the Earth before coming back down. The round trip lasted about 10 minutes, of which about three were spent in weightlessness. Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is one of a handful of private rocketeers aiming to turn space travel into a viable business. His company is called Blue Origin. Given the clouds of dust and fiery plume that come with any launch, it might seem likely that greenhouse gases would be part of the picture. In the case of the engine used in the Blue Origin rocket, that assumption is wrong. Conventional rocket fuels are carbon-based. The BE-3 engine developed by Bezos’ company burns liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.  ""Carbon dioxide isn’t emitted from the Blue Origin rocket that was used for today’s launch,"" said Eloise Marais, an air pollution researcher at University College London. Featured Fact-checkNational Republican Senatorial Committeestated on June 22, 2021 in an adSen. Raphael Warnock “voted for welfare for politicians plan. Up to $25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign.”By Amy Sherman • June 25, 2021 The Guardian newspaper cited Marais in an article about how the rush of billionaires to get to space could dump massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Marais told The Guardian that typically, rockets release 200 to 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide during launch. That didn’t apply to the Blue Origin rocket, Marais said — but the erroneous tweets shared the article in making the claim about Blue Origin anyway. At a press conference after returning from space, Bezos said the Blue Origin rocket used ""​​the most environmentally benign propellant you can choose."" Other private companies — SpaceX, controlled by billionaire Elon Musk, and Virgin Galactic, which took owner Richard Branson into space a week before Bezos — use conventional fuels, and do release carbon dioxide. The Blue Origin flight isn’t a net zero for the environment, however. Marais and other researchers warn that every rocket poses a threat to the ozone layer. Whether it’s water vapor and nitrogen oxides from a Blue Origin engine, or particles from conventional rocket fuels, both degrade the ozone.  We should note that it takes a lot of energy to make most of the hydrogen used today. Those carbon emissions wouldn't come from the launch itself, but they are the reason there's a big push to expand ""green"" hydrogen production. ""In the stratosphere, nitrogen oxides and chemicals formed from the breakdown of water vapour convert ozone into oxygen, depleting the ozone layer which guards life on Earth against harmful UV radiation,"" Marais wrote in The Conversation July 19. Our ruling Social media users tweeted that Bezos’ brief trip to space released 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide.  The trip released none. The rocket’s engine burns hydrogen and oxygen to carry it away from Earth. That doesn’t make these rides risk-free. They do pose a threat to the ozone layer.  We rate this claim False. Update, 10:55 a.m. July 21: After publishing, we updated the article to acknowledge the energy needed to produce hydrogen.","https://twitter.com/karenkho/status/1417142294856278017?s=20,https://twitter.com/EricBalchunas/status/1417498820854824974?s=20,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/national-republican-senatorial-committee/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/national-republican-senatorial-committee/republicans-mislead-welfare-attack-raphael-warnock/,https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jul/19/billionaires-space-tourism-environment-emissions,https://aerospace.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/RocketEmissions_0.pdf,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-announces-525-million-accelerate-progress-clean-hydrogen,https://theconversation.com/space-tourism-rockets-emit-100-times-more-co-per-passenger-than-flights-imagine-a-whole-industry-164601",How much CO2 did Bezos’ rocket ride release? Close to zero,"National,Climate Change,Corrections and Updates,Space,Tweets,National,Climate Change,Corrections and Updates,Space,Tweets",,,,, +12,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/no-saline-injections-are-not-part-covid-19-vaccine/,“Some of you are being injected with saline because it would look too suspicious if everybody died at the same time.”,2021-07-18,politifact,,"A meme being shared on social media suggests there’s a nefarious plot to kill vaccine recipients because of reports of some people receiving shots of just saline.  ""Some of you are being injected with saline because it would look too suspicious if everybody died at the same time,"" the post says.  It was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) In April, news outlets reported that some people mistakenly got saline shots instead of a COVID-19 vaccine at a Walgreens in North Carolina. Walgreens said a ""limited number"" of people at a store received saline injections, according to the Charlotte Observer. Walgreens notified the customers and they were given the COVID-19 vaccine when they returned to the pharmacy.   One woman told a local TV station that Walgreens called them hours after they received their vaccines asking them to come back in because she said ""the pharmacists evidently forgot to mix the vaccine into the saline solution.""  A couple months later, in June, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control said that a ""very limited"" number of COVID-19 vaccines reportedly contained only saline, according to WIS-TV, a local NBC News affiliate.  A woman said that she was called back to the pharmacy she had visited to receive her second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine because it was ""not activated."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 A health department spokesperson said that there were some similar cases and that in each instance, the recipient was contacted to return for the proper vaccine dose.  And back in March, several patients in Ontario, Canada, were accidentally injected with saline instead of the vaccine, according to Newsweek. Saline is used to dilute the COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer before it’s injected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that the preparation instructions for the vaccine direct medical providers to mix it with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, which is saline.  The Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines don’t require mixing with saline. This detailed graphic by the Chicago Tribune shows how all three COVID-19 vaccines that have been authorized for use in the United States make their way from manufacturing sites to arms. Receiving a saline injection isn’t harmful, and millions of COVID-19 vaccine doses have been safely administered in the United States. A rigorous regulatory process and real-world evidence shows that they effectively protect against COVID-19, and the vaccines continue to undergo safety monitoring.  While the CDC has said that three deaths from a rare blood clotting issue could be linked to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, more than 160 million Americans are now fully vaccinated with minimal complications.  The suggestion that people are being injected with saline as part of a bigger, deadly plot against humanity is unfounded and defies evidence.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=141480834763514&set=a.107036721541259&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article250765274.html,https://abc11.com/nc-covid-vaccine-saline-mistake-mix-up/10527645/,https://www.wistv.com/2021/06/28/very-limited-number-saline-only-covid-vaccines-accidentally-given-health-dept-says/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.newsweek.com/group-canadians-accidentally-receive-saline-injection-instead-covid-19-vaccine-1585544,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/pfizer-bioNTech-faqs.html,https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/vaccine/ct-coronavirus-vaccine-process-graphic-20210311-jpct3ri2vvcj7mjy5nkatz6e64-htmlstory.html,https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/is-the-covid19-vaccine-safe,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/27/should-i-get-covid-19-vaccination-answering-questi/,https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/01/28/960901166/how-is-the-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-going-in-your-state","No, saline injections are not part of a COVID-19 vaccine plot","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, +13,,,,False,Bill McCarthy,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/bill-mccarthy/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/tucker-carlson/tucker-carlson-spins-web-misleading-claims-he-alle/,"“It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, last November. That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true.”",2021-07-14,politifact,,"Fox News host Tucker Carlson promoted a number of false, misleading and unsubstantiated claims about election fraud in Georgia in a recent segment on his cable news program. ""It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, last November,"" Carlson said July 14. ""That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true."" Carlson told his viewers he was giving them the ""fact-based,"" ""official version"" of what happened in Georgia, where Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump by more than 11,000 votes in a contest the state’s Republican election officials affirmed was free and fair.  But Carlson’s account of what happened in Fulton County — a Democratic stronghold that includes Atlanta — was neither official nor true. State and local officials and election experts said his claim of fraud reflected a misunderstanding of election procedures. ""Nothing that he brought up points to any voter fraud,"" Richard Barron, Fulton County’s elections director, told PolitiFact. Viral clips from the segment online were flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.)  In the past, Fox News has argued in court that Carlson’s show should not always be viewed as strictly factual, and that his viewers expect him to stray from the truth. Asked about the July 14 segment, a Fox News spokesperson pointed as evidence not to any official record or finding, but to a July 13 press release from VoterGA, a group Carlson cited during his segment.  The group, led by Garland Favorito, is leading a search for evidence of fraud with a lawsuit seeking access to Fulton County’s absentee ballots. A critic of Georgia’s elections, Favorito has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11, John F. Kennedy and other topics. Supports of President Donald Trump holds signs outside State Farm Arena on Nov. 5, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) Here’s the truth behind the main claims Carlson made on air. A warehouse alarm Carlson opened his segment with a dramatic — and misleading — story about an alarm that went off at a warehouse housing ballots in Fulton County this year:  ""On a Saturday night in late May of this year, an alarm sounded in a big, nondescript warehouse in Fulton County, Georgia. The warehouse was an unlikely place for a burglary … But someone tried to do it anyway, and at just the perfect moment, 20 minutes after deputies in charge of guarding the warehouse left their post. By the time those deputies returned to check out the alarm, someone had opened the hundred-pound door to the warehouse. So what happened that night? And why? We still don’t know."" We do know. In fact, a photograph Carlson aired on screen came from a Georgia Public Broadcasting report that explained what happened. A screenshot of a ""Tucker Carlson Tonight"" segment about alleged voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, as seen on July 14, 2021. The alarm that rang did not come from the part of the building housing ballots, reporter Stephen Fowler wrote in June. And the door was opened by off-duty police officers. The kicker: The officers who opened it had been hired as private security by an attorney representing several plaintiffs in the lawsuit seeking access to Fulton County’s ballots — the very people seeking to prove Georgia’s election was marred by fraud. Barron, the elections director, said the alarm was tied to a motion detector in an office belonging to the clerk of the superior court, likely triggered by a rodent.  When it sounded, the Fulton County Sheriff’s deputies watching the building were changing shifts, he said. That left an opening for the litigants’ hired security to approach the building. Barron said that the county clerk had accidentally left a door unlocked, and that those officers had ""illegally trespassed"" when they opened it and entered. He said they ""staged photos to make it look as though the door was wide open.""  The ballots inside remained secured.  Double-scanned ballots Carlson’s second allegation: that Fulton County counted thousands of ballots more than once.  Carlson said VoterGA identified more than 4,000 votes that were duplicates in Fulton County. He also cited an Atlanta Journal-Constitution report about potential double-scanned ballots in the initial count. ""The final tally from the double counts we know about amounts to more than 3,300 votes for Joe Biden and 865 votes for Donald Trump,"" Carlson said. He added: ""We're talking about a lot of ballots, at least hundreds of ballots involved, enough potentially to affect the outcome of the election."" Election workers do sometimes make errors, and Fulton County has had a history of messy elections, said Charles S. Bullock III, a professor of political science at the University of Georgia. But a similar claim that over 4,000 of the county’s ballots were scanned multiple times was rated False by PolitiFact.  ""There is no evidence that thousands of ballots were counted twice,"" said Amber McReynolds, chief executive officer of the National Vote at Home Institute. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the county may have scanned nearly 200 ballots twice before the state’s recounts. But the newspaper added that ""there’s no indication any vote for president was counted more than once in official results."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 13, 2021 in a Facebook postIn the 2020 presidential election, “4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times” and “3,390 went to Biden.”By Tom Kertscher • July 19, 2021 Georgia conducted a hand audit and a machine recount of ballots, both of which upheld Biden’s victory. For a ballot to have counted twice in the official results, it would have had to be scanned twice in the initial tally, then counted twice again during the hand audit and machine recount. ""The chance that you are going to double scan the same batch again is, like you might as well win the lottery,"" Barron said. ""I think the odds are worse."" Fulton County Ga. elections director Richard Barron listens during a press conference while workers scan ballots as part of Georgia's presidential recount on Nov. 25, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) On screen, Carlson showed a video of an election worker feeding ballots through a machine and said it ""appears to show large numbers of ballots being scanned multiple times."" But it’s typical for election workers to have to cancel and rescan some batches of ballots, experts said. The practice is not fraudulent double-counting. It’s what election workers in Fulton County and elsewhere are instructed to do when machines jam up or fail to scan a ballot. Investigators looked into allegations of fraud in Fulton County and found nothing, the Georgia secretary of state’s office told PolitiFact. The recounts corrected some mistakes that had no bearing on the outcome, including in two counties that went for Trump. ""There’s never been an election held in Georgia which has been checked so many different ways,"" said Bullock.  Falsified audit tally sheets Carlson claimed that VoterGA had found ""falsified"" audit tally sheets with ""fabricated vote totals,"" including sheets that logged hundreds of votes for Biden and zero for other candidates. ""It certainly sounds like flat-out criminal fraud,"" he said. The source for the claim, again, was VoterGA’s July 13 press release. PolitiFact reached out to the group for more details and did not hear back in time for publication. But the hand audit in which these tally sheets were used did not produce Georgia’s final, certified results, Barron said. The state’s machine recount did, and it confirmed Biden’s victory. As for the sheets VoterGA said only tallied votes for Biden, Barron said they were likely the result of election workers sorting ballots by candidate during the audit.  ""They would put these into piles, and then on the tally sheet, they would mark the number of votes cast according to the count of each of those piles,"" Barron said. A photo from the audit shows an election worker doing just that, as USA Today reported. The outlet also reported that there were similar batches from the audit with all votes tallied for Trump. ""Since they did use the sorting method during the recount, it is possible for a batch to look like that,"" McReynolds told PolitiFact. An election worker looks at a ballot during Georgia's hand recount of presidential votes on Nov.15, 2020, in Marietta, Ga. (AP) Ballots without creases Carlson said a ""whistleblower"" had captured photos of mail-in ballots without creases.  ""That's strange because of course mail-in ballots need to be bent in order to be mailed in,"" he said as the images ran on screen. ""These ballots clearly had never been inside an envelope."" But many military and overseas voters receive electronic ballots that they print, fill out and return by mail, Gabriel Sterling, Georgia’s voting system implementation manager, told the New York Times in January. These ballots are not the right size for scanners, so election workers under supervision transfer those votes onto normal ballots so the scanners can read them. The same process occurs for ballots that get torn in the scanner, sliced when opening the envelope, or too wrinkled and bent in the mail. During the 2020 election, the process was also standard procedure in Georgia’s Republican counties, CNN’s Daniel Dale reported. ""It is absolutely not proof of fraud,"" McReynolds said. A Fulton County elections worker processes absentee ballots at the State Farm Arena on Nov. 2, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) 35,000 voters moved Carlson's final claim was that thousands of Georgia voters cast ballots from old addresses. ""Nearly 35,000 Georgia voters moved out of their county of residence more than a month prior to Election Day,"" Carlson said. ""They were ineligible to vote. And yet they did."" The source for Carlson’s claim was an article from the Federalist, a conservative website. The article said the figure came from an expert who compared the U.S. Postal Service’s national change-of-address database with data from Georgia’s secretary of state. The secretary of state’s office told PolitiFact it disputed the claim. And an address change for the purpose of receiving mail is not itself proof of a change in residency that would affect voting.  Some college students might continue to vote from their home address while they go to school, Bullock said. Military members stationed at one of Georgia’s many bases could do the same. The Federalist’s article acknowledged what Carlson did not — that those people ""may have been students, members of the military, or may have only relocated temporarily."" Our ruling Carlson said, ""It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia last November. That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true."" To back his claim, the Fox News host rattled off several claims purporting to show signs of fraud. Each was inaccurate, misleading or unsubstantiated, PolitiFact found. Biden’s victory in Georgia was confirmed by two recounts. We rate Carlson’s claim False.","https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-investigates-fulton-county-election-incident,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/05/heres-why-georgias-republican-officials-are-confid/,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.npr.org/2020/09/29/917747123/you-literally-cant-believe-the-facts-tucker-carlson-tells-you-so-say-fox-s-lawye,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://twitter.com/stphnfwlr/status/1415665393306382336?s=20,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://twitter.com/stphnfwlr/status/1415352769607872515?s=20,https://apnews.com/article/2nd-georgia-county-find-uncounted-votes-018eac6ac24733d63d356ee76f485530,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/29/fact-check-georgia-military-overseas-ballots-not-evidence-fraud/7450430002/,https://twitter.com/realLizUSA/status/1415473640653590528?s=20,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/04/us/politics/trump-georgia-election-fraud.html,https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1415784540019347460?s=20,https://archive.is/yhXqz#selection-403.0-406.0,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/11/matt-schlapp/matt-schlapps-baseless-claim-9000-nevada-mail-ball/?wpmobileexternal=true&wpmobileexternal=true",Tucker Carlson spins web of misleading claims as he alleges ‘meaningful voter fraud’ in Georgia,"Georgia,Elections,Pundits,Facebook Fact-checks,PunditFact,Tucker Carlson,Georgia,Elections,Pundits,Facebook Fact-checks,PunditFact,Tucker Carlson",,,,, +14,,,,False,Laura Schulte,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/laura-schulte/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/jill-karofsky/wisconsin-state-justice-misses-mark-how-much-waste/,"“A farm with 2,500 dairy cattle is similar in waste load to a city of 411,000 people.”",2021-07-08,politifact,,"It’s no secret that factory farms produce a lot of waste.  Also known as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, or CAFOs, the farms are home to thousands of animals at a time, ranging from cows to hogs to chickens. One of the most common complaints about the large-scale farms is the waste, which must be collected and disposed of in some way.  It’s no surprise that a case involving the waste from factory farms made its way to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, though the written decision in the case raised an interesting question: Exactly how much waste does a CAFO produce?  The court held that the state Department of Natural Resources has the ability to impose a maximum number of animals on factory farms and off-site groundwater monitoring conditions on factory farms. In writing the majority decision, Justice Jill Karofsky cited an evaluation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which stated that ""a farm with 2,500 dairy cattle is similar in waste load to a city of 411,000 people.""  But in America’s Dairyland, we know our cows. And that number seems awfully high.  Is it true that a dairy farm of 2,500 cows could really produce more waste than the population Madison, Racine and Oshkosh combined?  Let’s check it out.  Cows are waste machines If you look at the study referenced by Karofsky, ""Risk Assessment Evaluation for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations,"" it does indeed state that a farm of 2,500 animals produces as much waste as a city of 411,000.  But, the paper was published in 2004, making it 17 years old.  So we went in search of newer information.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 11, 2021 in a Facebook postPhoto shows an electric car charging station that uses ""12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles. That's 36 gallons for 200 miles. 5.6 mpg.""By Andy Nguyen • July 19, 2021 A Dec. 6, 2019 report by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel likened a herd of 1,000 cows to the city of Fond du Lac, which has 42,000 residents. So, by that measure, 2,500 cows would equal a city of about 105,000 --  much smaller than Karofsky wrote. The article also noted the largest CAFO in the state, which boasts 6,000 cows, generates about as much manure and urine as 252,000 people, roughly the size of the city of Madison. So, at 2,500 cows, the comparison point would again be a city of about 105,000. And studies by Cornell University animal science department professors Michael Van Amburgh and Karl Czymmek, published in 2017, showed that a herd of about 340 cows can produce the same amount of waste as 10,736 humans.  That puts the amount of waste for a herd of 2,500 cows at about the same level as 79,000 humans, a smaller number, but one even further under the number cited in the state high court’s opinion. Our ruling In writing a recent decision for the state Supreme Court, Karofsky claimed a herd of 2,500 cows produces as much waste as a city of 411,000 people. The statistic was part of a case that upheld the state DNR’s ability to consider the number of animals at factory farms and whether groundwater should be monitored offsite.  That’s an awful lot of waste from a lot of cows. And a 17-year-old study included the figure. But newer numbers suggest that while cows produce a lot of waste -- up to 17 gallons of it a day, per animal -- a farm of 2,500 cows isn’t producing the same amount of waste as 411,000 people. It’s more like 100,000 people. We’re going to have to call bull on this claim.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=386188,https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/901V0100.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2000%20Thru%202005&Docs=&Query=%28%282500%29%20or%20%28milwaukee%29%29%20OR%20FNAME%3D%22901V0100.txt%22%20AND%20FNAME%3D%22901V0100.txt%22&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C00THRU05%5CTXT%5C00000011%5C901V0100.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=45&SeekPage=b,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-facebook-post-does-not-show-electric-car-chargi/,https://www.jsonline.com/in-depth/news/special-reports/dairy-crisis/2019/12/06/industrial-dairy-impacts-wisconsin-environment-family-farms/4318671002/,https://blogs.cornell.edu/whatscroppingup/2017/06/21/series-phosphorus-and-the-environment-2-setting-the-record-straight-comparing-bodily-waste-between-dairy-cows-and-people/",Wisconsin state justice misses mark on how much waste produced by cows at factory farms,"Environment,Agriculture,Legal Issues,Wisconsin,Jill Karofsky,Environment,Agriculture,Legal Issues,Wisconsin,Jill Karofsky",,,,, +15,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/baseless-claims-election-irregularities-swirl-trum/,Says Donald Trump “won Arizona.”,2021-07-17,politifact,,"An image shared on Facebook that shows Donald Trump pointing at something carries this caption: ""Oh, look, I won Arizona."" One user, who uses a Trump photo as a profile picture, posted the image and added: ""BY A LOT!"" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Trump came close, but he lost to Joe Biden by just over 10,000 votes in the 2020 presidential race in the Grand Canyon State, as the official result from the Arizona Secretary of State shows:  Biden: 1,672,143 votes, 49.36%Trump: 1,661,686 votes, 49.06% Judges rejected lawsuits on behalf of Republicans seeking to halt certification of the vote or alleging wrongdoing in Maricopa County.  The county conducted a hand count audit of a sample of ballots as required by state law and hired independent firms to conduct a forensic audit of tabulation equipment. The county found no abnormalities.  But Republicans in the Arizona Senate hired a team including Cyber Ninjas, which has no prior experience auditing elections, to audit the Maricopa County results. The company’s head, Doug Logan, was part of the ""stop the steal"" conspiracy theories about the election that culminated in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack.  Election experts, both Democrats and Republicans, have questioned the legality of the partisan-led ballot review and say it lacks transparency. They’re concerned that it could feed a new wave of misinformation about the election. Featured Fact-checkFacebook posts stated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook post“Military ready to act on audit results!” in ArizonaBy Amy Sherman • June 29, 2021 Several false claims arising from the audit have already been made and debunked. Trump said ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'"" Our rating: False. The claim was based on confusion over the early voting process and a misuse of Maricopa County documents. Trump said: ""The entire Database of Maricopa County in Arizona has been DELETED!"" Our rating: False. His claim was made after a tweet from the audit stated that the county ""deleted a directory full of election databases."" Three days after Trump’s claim, the head of a firm helping with the audit essentially walked back the database claim.Trump stated: ""Republican state senators"" who started an audit of 2020 election results in Maricopa County are ""exposing this fraud."" Our rating: False. The audit is ongoing and no official findings have been released.A post shared on Facebook claimed: ""A quarter of a million illegal votes found in Arizona’s audit."" Our rating: False. The claim was based on speculation by a former adviser to Trump, not any audit finding.. Separate from the audit, the Associated Press reported July 16 that statewide, county election officials have identified fewer than 200 cases of potential voter fraud out of more than 3 million ballots cast. Finally, there is this: Findings of the audit will not affect the election outcome, because the results were already certified by state officials and accepted by Congress. We rate the post False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1426982377678906&set=a.146602072383616&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://results.arizona.vote/#/featured/18/0,https://www.democracydocket.com/state/arizona/,https://www.maricopa.gov/5539/Voting-Equipment-Facts#handcount,https://www.maricopa.gov/5681/Elections-Equipment-Audit,https://www.azmirror.com/2021/03/31/arizona-senate-hires-a-stop-the-steal-advocate-to-lead-2020-election-audit/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/04/ask-politifact-why-are-arizona-republicans-auditin/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/facebook-posts/no-evidence-military-ready-act-arizona-ballot-revi/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/donald-trump/no-evidence-74000-ariz-mail-ballots-cast-2020-elec/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/19/donald-trump/no-proof-trump-claim-database-2020-election-ariz-w/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/09/donald-trump/trump-falsely-implies-arizona-audit-has-exposed-fr/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/apr/27/facebook-posts/no-quarter-million-fraudulent-votes-werent-uncover/,https://apnews.com/article/business-government-and-politics-arizona-election-2020-e6158cd1b0c6442716064e6791b4c6fc","Baseless claims of election irregularities swirl, but Trump still has not won Arizona","Arizona,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Arizona,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +16,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/no-kayleigh-mcenany-isnt-jfk-jrs-daughter/,Says Kayleigh McEnany is John F. Kennedy Jr.’s daughter.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"In a photo collage that’s being shared of Kayleigh McEnany, an image of the former press secretary for then-President Donald Trump is flanked by pictures of four members of the Kennedy family.  There’s former President John F. Kennedy, who is identified as McEnany’s ""grandpa"" in the collage, and his wife, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, who is identified as her ""grandma."" McEnany’s parents, according to the image, were John F. Kennedy Jr. and wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy. This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) McEnany’s parents are Mike and Leanne McEnany. In May 2020, Getty Images photographer Chip Somodevilla photographed McEnany with her parents as they posed behind the podium in the White House press briefing room.   Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 21, 2021 in a post on FacebookSays President John F. Kennedy said, “There are people in Washington, D.C., in positions of power to whom the border is just a nuisance, and I think some of them believe that illegal immigration is a moral good. It is not.”By Aaron Sharockman • June 22, 2021 They have been identified as McEnany’s parents in multiple media sources. In May 2020, for example, the Tampa Bay Times reported that McEnany ""is the daughter of commercial roofing company owner Michael McEnany and Leanne McEnany.""  Sports Illustrated said she ""is the daughter of former Mississippi State defensive lineman Mike McEnany.""  Before he was assassinated in Dallas in 1963, John F. Kennedy and Jackie had four children, including a stillborn child and a boy, Patrick, who died two days after his birth. Their daughter, Caroline, was born in 1957, and John F. Kennedy Jr. was born two weeks after JFK won the presidency in 1960.  In 1999, JFK Jr. and Carolyn Bessette Kennedy died when the plane he was piloting crashed near Martha’s Vineyard. The couple didn’t have any children.  Caroline married Edwin Schlossberg and they had three children: Rose, Tatiana and Jack Schlossberg. We rate this post False.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/355674281467247/permalink/1464023903965607/?__xts__[0]=68.ARCkDe9d7XsZ_gPpIKWd9yaBFRVtpq_8KdvA-9HHvMhXJW72PoKgwNwjg5Pq3W7IU37wWwzcDQxm8z1x6NkmbazrITBZr4lcoWJVslxrVl9AXhCz1dURZMx-M9Ph_alBxRnWAqeA1LIFY73TVDg8zaYDk1-Mour4dmnmHn7_JbjLkN-pXfrBcaN3c5bXyXE3A0Y85QTVXzHC-EFn5k7V_ios8UGlbzNWoTIgFREgFF2gMMpBXuJ4MqoDyEmMqxPqxsnD6NjzzHqxgDnMZz5Xr2myoTUpInEm0BM,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/white-house-press-secretary-kayleigh-mcenany-holds-her-five-news-photo/1222303540,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/22/facebook-posts/liberty-u-confuses-its-kennedys-louisiana-senator-/,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/10/kayleigh-mcenany-donald-trump-white-house-press-secretary-profile,https://www.salon.com/2020/07/09/white-house-press-secretary-kayleigh-mcenanys-parents-received-at-least-1-million-in-relief-funds/,https://www.the-sun.com/news/655226/kayleigh-mcenany-white-house-press-secretary-donald-trump/,https://www.tampabay.com/news/hillsborough/2019/10/31/kayleigh-mcenany-highlights-hillsborough-gop-lincoln-day-dinner/,https://www.si.com/college/mississippistate/news/maroon-white-house,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/royals/young-kennedy-family-rose-tatiana-jack-schlossberg-jfk-grandchildren-a4025056.html","No, Kayleigh McEnany isn’t JFK Jr.’s daughter","Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +17,,,,False,Kiannah Sepeda-Miller,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kiannah-sepeda-miller/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/terri-bryant/downstate-senator-wrong-medicaid-eligibility-illin/,"“You may be 55 years old in [Illinois] and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you’re eligible for Medicaid.”",2021-07-13,politifact,,"Last year amid the global COVID-19 crisis, Illinois became the first state to expand publicly funded healthcare to all low-income immigrant seniors, including those living in the country illegally. In a recent WJPF radio interview, state Sen. Terri Bryant of Murphysboro brought up the program after a caller asked how many ""illegal aliens"" taxpayers in Illinois ""are now responsible for."" Bryant used the question to criticize Illinois for being too soft on illegal immigration, suggesting without evidence the state’s policies are somehow connected with violent crime in Chicago and repeating a consistently debunked claim about the city having the nation’s strictest gun laws. She also took aim at the state for expanding health care coverage to undocumented immigrants, suggesting those over a certain age are now eligible for health care benefits not available to citizens: ""In this budget, we now allow for Medicaid for undocumented individuals who are 55 and older,"" the Republican said. ""So last year — it seemed like it stayed very quiet, I don’t know why more people weren’t talking about it — it was 65 and older. This year they slipped in 55 and older. So you may be 55 years old in this state and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you’re eligible for Medicaid."" We were curious what Bryant was talking about when she said being undocumented and 55 years or older would make someone eligible for Medicaid benefits in Illinois. After all, Medicaid is a need-based program, meaning only applicants who meet certain income requirements qualify. We called Bryant’s office to speak with her about what her claim was based on, but did not hear back. Applicants must meet the same income criteria as citizens, legal residents Undocumented immigrants face limited access to healthcare, with federal law restricting them from participating in Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplaces. In addition to becoming the first state to provide coverage for low-income seniors whose immigration status disqualifies them from federal programs, Illinois is one of six states funding its own program to cover income-eligible children regardless of immigration status. California, one of the other states that covers minors, expanded its program to include young adults in 2020 and last week approved a plan to cover low-income immigrants age 50 and over beginning next year. Illinois moved to create two programs expanding coverage for older immigrants left out of federal programs. Last year, state lawmakers used the budget to create a program providing noncitizens living at or below the federal poverty level who are at least 65 years old with access to some Medicaid-like benefits regardless of their immigration status. The age and income requirements for that program mirror those for a version of Medicaid called Aid to the Aged, Blind, and Disabled, though the benefits for the immigrant seniors are not as expansive. Featured Fact-checkLori Lightfootstated on June 28, 2021 in remarks at a press conferenceCook County’s criminal courts “have been shut down for 15 months.”By Kiannah Sepeda-Miller • July 4, 2021 The budget lawmakers and the governor approved this year created a program set to launch by the end of next May providing benefits identical to Medicaid to noncitizens aged 55 through 64 who would be eligible for Medicaid if not for their immigration status. Under Medicaid itself in Illinois, U.S. citizens and noncitizens with legal status 19 years and older are eligible for coverage if their income is within 138% of the federal poverty level. That same income requirement applies to noncitizens who will be eligible for the state’s new program, according to Jane Longo, deputy director of new initiatives at the Illinois Department of Healthcare & Family Services. So, with the exception of immigration status, a 55-year-old who is undocumented would have to meet the same criteria as a 55-year-old citizen to qualify for coverage in Illinois. Bryant drew a false comparison, since there’s no scenario in which U.S. citizens would fail to qualify for Medicaid, as long as they fell within the proper income range. Our ruling Bryant said ""you may be 55 years old in this state and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you're eligible for Medicaid."" This is a false comparison. No U.S. citizens would be barred from Medicaid unless their income was too high to qualify. And the beneficiaries of the Illinois plan who are in the U.S. illegally would also have to fall below the same income restrictions. We rate Bryant’s claim False. ​​FALSE — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.","https://khn.org/news/article/illinois-is-first-in-the-nation-to-extend-health-coverage-to-undocumented-seniors/,https://www.wjpf.com/episode/newsradio-wjpf-interview-with-terri-bryant-july-13-2021/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/nov/03/donald-trump/trump-no-marksman-when-aiming-chicago-gun-laws/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/oct/03/sarah-huckabee-sanders/chicago-toughest-gun-control-claim-shot-full-holes/,https://www.npr.org/2017/10/05/555580598/fact-check-is-chicago-proof-that-gun-laws-don-t-work,https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/17/does-a-city-with-the-toughest-gun-laws-end-up-with-worst-gun-violence/,https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/health-coverage-and-care-of-undocumented-immigrants/,https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-chip-coverage-of-lawfully-residing-immigrant-children-and-pregnant-women/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D,https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article252311248.html,https://ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/101/PDF/101-0636.pdf,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/Pages/CoverageForImmigrantSeniors.aspx,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/MedicalClients/Pages/medicalprograms.aspx,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/lori-lightfoot/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/04/lori-lightfoot/no-cook-county-criminal-courts-havent-been-shut-do/,https://ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/102/PDF/102-0016.pdf,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/MedicalClients/AffordableCareAct/Pages/default.aspx,https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2018/feb/12/principles-truth-o-meter-politifacts-methodology-i/#Truth-O-Meter%20ratings",Downstate senator wrong on Medicaid eligibility for Illinois undocumented immigrants,"Immigration,Health Care,Medicaid,Illinois,Terri Bryant,Immigration,Health Care,Medicaid,Illinois,Terri Bryant",,,,, +18,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,"In the 2020 presidential election, “4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times” and “3,390 went to Biden.”",2021-07-13,politifact,,"In a continuing attempt to portray Fulton County, Ga., as a haven for fraud and malfeasance in the 2020 presidential election, a new allegation asserts that thousands of the same ballots were counted multiple times in the county where heavily Democratic Atlanta is located. One tweet claims the counts benefited Joe Biden, who defeated Donald Trump in Georgia, a key swing state, by about 12,000 votes. ""Why is it that errors seem to only ever go one way?"" the tweet asked. ""VoterGA says 4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia were scanned multiple times. Of those duplicate ballots, 3,390 went to Biden."" Claims of the multiple counting of the same ballots in Fulton County were also made on Facebook. And Trump, also citing the VoterGA group, issued a statement making allegations, including fraud, in the county’s ballot counting. The tweet was highlighted to PolitiFact by Vinesight, a company that monitors online misinformation. Citing a history of election mismanagement in Fulton County, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger on July 15 called for the firing of two of the county’s top election officials.  But there is no evidence of double-counting that would have given Biden anywhere near the number of extra votes being claimed. The double-counting that VoterGA claims it found were in what is known as a risk-limiting audit — a hand recount of the vote. After that, a second recount was done.  Statewide, the original count plus the two recounts all confirmed Biden’s victory in Georgia The group claiming the double counting Voter GA, also known as Voters Organized for Trusted Election Results in Georgia, says it advocates for ""verifiable auditable recount capable and transparent elections."" It is led by Garland Favorito who, with others, filed a lawsuit seeking a review of the Fulton County’s general-election absentee ballots in the 2020 election.  A longtime critic of Georgia’s election infrastructure, Favorito has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11 and other topics, according to Georgia Public Radio, the New York Times and the Associated Press. He has also promoted affidavits signed by poll workers or observers in which they leap to conclusions about the integrity of absentee ballots, suggesting they weren’t properly marked or weren’t printed on normal paper.  On July 13, Favorito and the group issued a news release that makes allegations of fraud and other election malfeasance in Fulton County, including the allegation referenced in the tweet. The group claimed it ""found at least 36 batches of mail-in ballots with 4,255 total extra votes were redundantly added into Fulton County audit results for the November election. These illicit votes include 3,390 extra votes for Joe Biden, 865 extra votes for Donald Trump and 43 extra votes for Jo Jorgenson,"" the Libertarian candidate.  At a news conference on July 13, businessman David Cross, who is helping Favorito, displayed digital images of several ballots that he said shows ballots were scanned twice. Side by side, the ballots appeared to be identical, but contained different markings that Cross said indicated they were scanned more than once. Featured Fact-checkNational Republican Senatorial Committeestated on June 22, 2021 in an adSen. Raphael Warnock “voted for welfare for politicians plan. Up to $25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign.”By Amy Sherman • June 25, 2021 Cross sent PolitiFact, and posted online, information that he said supports the Voter GA’s claim. He went further, claiming that he had found 6,415 extra votes counted in the risk-limiting audit, with an extra 5,128 going to Biden and 1,188 to Trump.  What’s been found On the same day of the tweet, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the people who filed the lawsuit discovered that nearly 200 Fulton County ballots had been scanned twice. The newspaper said it confirmed the double-counting by reviewing digital images of the ballots; the story included a link to the images.  However, the double-counting was discovered in a recount and there is no indication Biden earned any additional votes in the official results, the newspaper said. The ballots counted twice would have given Biden 31 extra votes. After a recount, official results reflected that Trump gained a total of 121 absentee votes in Fulton. Biden won the county with 73% of 524,000 votes cast, the story said. As we’ve reported, two recounts confirmed Biden won Georgia. In all, the roughly 5 million ballots cast in Georgia were counted three times, including once by hand. The hand recount uncovered more than 2,600 uncounted votes, most of which favored Trump, in Floyd County, Ga. But election officials said the mistake was due to human error, not voter fraud. In the end, the certified results showed Biden beating Trump by 11,779 votes in the state.  Alan Abramowitz, a political science professor at Emory University in Atlanta, said: ""Given that these ballots were all recounted by hand, there is no chance that a large number of ballots were double counted."" University of West Georgia political scientist Thomas Hunter said none of the information provided by Voter GA proves that votes in the official certified results were counted twice.  The official certified results were taken from the second recount, which was requested by the Trump campaign, he said. Even if some ballots were counted twice during the risk-limiting audit, he said, ""those numbers are not included in the official results. The official results are from the last recount, which was done by scanning all of the ballots. The results in the official count from Fulton County match quite closely to what the initial count showed."" Hunter added: ""Any large-scale mistakes would have been found through the two recounts."" The Georgia Secretary of State’s office referred questions to Fulton County. A Fulton County spokeswoman declined comment, citing the lawsuit. Our ruling A tweet says that in the 2020 presidential election, ""4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times"" and ""3,390 went to Biden."" Some 200 ballots initially were double-counted in Fulton County, where heavily Democratic Atlanta is located — but there’s no evidence of thousands, and the double-count didn’t change the official result of Biden defeating Trump in Georgia. We rate the claim False.","https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/just-news/no-evidence-missing-absentee-ballots-georgias-2020/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-ballots-error-fulton-county-ga-unproven/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/11/viral-image/no-132000-georgia-ballots-werent-likely-ineligable/,https://twitter.com/ElectionWiz/status/1415133797885034497,https://www.facebook.com/100067468433292/videos/333682211765914/,https://twitter.com/realLizUSA/status/1415332236564512775/photo/1,https://twitter.com/GaSecofState/status/1415692351176052738,https://voterga.org/about/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-georgia-decertified-election-pants-fire-fals/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-ballots-error-fulton-county-ga-unproven/,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/05/25/what-happening-fulton-countys-absentee-ballots,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/24/us/politics/georgia-election-recount.html,https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-arizona-election-2020-election-recounts-government-and-politics-4d5038b2bea05d2132cb4ada43516f67,https://voterga.files.wordpress.com/2021/05/press-release-court-rules-to-unseal-fulton-ballots-in-3rd-voterga-victory.pdf,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcFdMT4i1Bg,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/national-republican-senatorial-committee/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/national-republican-senatorial-committee/republicans-mislead-welfare-attack-raphael-warnock/,https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:6d8893ef-e22a-4c84-837f-7e9bf7b1336f#pageNum=1,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://theatlantajournalconstitution.sharefile.com/share/view/s3c2d5cda4b5a42a88b6a76990379d181,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/05/heres-why-georgias-republican-officials-are-confid/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/18/facebook-posts/georgia-election-officials-found-more-2600-uncount/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/04/donald-trump/donald-trump-falsely-claims-georgia-victory-record/",No proof of thousands of double-counted ballots in 2020 presidential race in Ga.,"Georgia,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Georgia,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +19,,,,Pants on Fire,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/biden-misspoke-about-turnout-numbers-he-didnt-conc/,"""Biden concedes 6 million votes.""",2021-07-15,politifact,,"A TV program called ""The Real Story"" made the ridiculous claim that President Joe Biden ""conceded"" 6 million votes in the 2020 election that put him in the White House. ""Biden concedes 6mil votes"" is the headline on a Facebook post that includes video of the program, which is produced by the conservative One America News network. The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Host Natalie Harp played a clip from a Biden voting rights speech in Philadelphia on July 13, in which he said:  ""All told, more than 150 Americans of every age, of every race, of every background exercised their right to vote."" The official White House transcript inserted ""[million],"" indicating that Biden mistakenly omitted that word. Featured Fact-checkViral imagestated on June 20, 2021 in a Facebook postAstraZeneca means “weapon that kills.”By Ciara O'Rourke • June 21, 2021 Harp then cited a Trump statement that said:  ""Biden just said 150 people voted in the 2020 Presidential Election (Scam!). On the assumption that he meant 150 million people, and based on the fact that I got 75 million+++, that would mean that Biden got 75 million votes, which is 6 million votes less than what they said they got. So what is that all about? Are they already conceding 6 million votes?"" Trump did not get more than 75 million votes. Official results from the Federal Election Commission show there were nearly 158.4 million votes cast for president: 81.3 million (51.3%) for Biden — some seven million more than the 74.2 million (46.9%) for Trump; the rest of the votes were for other candidates. Biden left out the word ""million,"" but he did say ""more than."" He did not concede six million votes. We rate the statement Pants on Fire!","https://www.facebook.com/BreakingNewsArizona/videos/vb.100063864364103/992303374881245/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/13/remarks-by-president-biden-on-protecting-the-sacred-constitutional-right-to-vote/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/viral-image/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/21/viral-image/no-astrazeneca-doesnt-mean-weapon-kills/,https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/statement-by-donald-j-trump-45th-president-of-the-united-states-of-america-07.13.21-03,https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/2020presgeresults.pdf","Biden misspoke about turnout numbers, but he didn’t concede 6 million votes","Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +20,,,,Pants on Fire,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/tweets/heres-why-olympics-gave-athletes-cardboard-beds/,"Olympic Village has cardboard beds “to prevent Olympians from having sex, and thus risk spreading (COVID-19).”",2021-07-17,politifact,,"A tweet claimed that the Olympics in Tokyo are using anti-sex beds in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 during the games.  ""This is the craziest story,"" said a July 17 tweet. ""In order to prevent Olympians from having sex, and thus risk spreading the Covid virus, beds at the Tokyo Olympic Village are made from cardboard so they collapse if more than one person gets on them!"" The tweet included an image of two neatly made single beds, each covered in a blue and white bedspread that reads ""Tokyo 2020."" The legs and frame of the bed are made of cardboard   The post, which was also shared on Facebook, was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) The beds were not created to prevent the spread of the virus. They were made by Airweave, a Japanese company. In 2019, long before COVID-19 was even a word, the company announced its plan to supply 18,000 beds for the Olympics and 8,000 beds for the Paralympics.  The beds are meant to be moveable and recyclable. The bed frames are made out of high-resistance cardboard and a customizable mattress. The beds’ lightness helps athletes rearrange their rooms easier. And once the games are over, the beds and mattresses will be recycled into other paper and plastic products.  Featured Fact-checkViral imagestated on June 20, 2021 in a Facebook postAstraZeneca means “weapon that kills.”By Ciara O'Rourke • June 21, 2021 Even though the beds look breakable, they can withstand a lot of physical activity. ""Fake news!"" said Rhys McClenaghan, an Olympic gymnast from Ireland, in response to the fast-moving social media claim. In his video tweet, he is seen forcefully jumping up and down his cardboard bed — without it breaking. ""Cardboard beds are actually stronger than the one made of wood or steel,"" Airweave told the New York Times. The beds are built to hold up to 200 to 440 pounds.  As far as social distancing goes, the International Olympic Committee has asked athletes to minimize physical interaction, keep two meters of distance from other athletes, and practice good hygiene. Athletes are expected to be tested for COVID-19 before, during and after the games. This year, the Olypmics distributed 160,000 condoms; officials said that the condoms were used for educational purposes to promote safe sex. ""Our intent and goal is not for athletes to use the condoms at the Olympic Village, but to help with awareness by taking them back to their own countries."" said the Tokyo Olympics Organizing Committee in a statement.  Our ruling The post stated that the beds used in the Olympics are meant to prevent sex between athletes and minimize the spread COVID-19; they are not.  The bed plans were put into motion before the pandemic because they can be recycled. We rate this claim Pants on Fire!","https://twitter.com/aravosis/status/1416452187560071178?s=21,https://www.facebook.com/GinaBullardTV/posts/360820858933071,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/09/1c7d08d3e0c2-olympics-recyclable-cardboard-bed-customizable-mattress-for-2020-athletes.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/viral-image/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/21/viral-image/no-astrazeneca-doesnt-mean-weapon-kills/,https://twitter.com/McClenaghanRhys/status/1416567768938291203,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/asia/tokyo-olympics-anti-sex-beds-cardboard.html,https://gtimg.tokyo2020.org/image/upload/production/xibscdw6nfsl994awcdq.pdf,https://japantoday.com/category/tokyo-2020-olympics/please-take-tokyo-olympics-condoms-back-to-your-home-country-and-use-them-there-organizers-say",Here’s why the Olympics gave athletes cardboard beds,"Facebook Fact-checks,Tweets,Facebook Fact-checks,Tweets",,,,, +21,,,,False,Andy Nguyen,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/andy-truc-nguyen/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-facebook-post-does-not-show-electric-car-chargi/,"Photo shows an electric car charging station that uses ""12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles. That's 36 gallons for 200 miles. 5.6 mpg.""",2021-07-11,politifact,,"A widely circulating Facebook post points to public charging stations as a glaring example of why electric cars are not as environmentally friendly as advertised. The July 11 post includes a picture it identifies as an electric car charging station in Round Rock, Texas. The accompanying text claims electric cars are more inefficient because charging stations use diesel fuel generators to produce electricity. ""That 350kWh generator uses 12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles,"" the text reads. ""That's 36 gallons for 200 Miles! 5.6 mpg."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. Instagram is owned by Facebook. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The charging station shown in the post is located at an outlet mall in Round Rock, an Austin suburb. However, the description of how it operates is wrong. Electrify America, which operates the charging station, called the claim that it uses electricity derived from a diesel generator ""absolutely false."" ""Our direct-current fast electric-vehicle charging station in Round Rock, Texas, is powered by Oncor Electric Delivery Company, one of the largest utility companies in the U.S.,"" Mike Moran, a spokesperson for the company, said in an email. Oncor distributes electricity across the Texas electric grid but doesn’t generate its own power. An Oncor spokesperson said it’s hard to pinpoint exactly what kind of energy is used to power the Round Rock station — whether it’s derived from coal, nuclear, wind or solar energy. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 Similar claims linking electric vehicles to diesel generators have circulated before. A July 1 post used much of the same text, but with a different image and without any mention of Texas. It claimed diesel charging stations are ""popping up everywhere."" The picture used in that post is actually of a diesel-powered charging station, but not anything like the public ones that are being installed around the country. This one was created as an experiment in 2018 in Australia to test the viability of using a diesel generator to charge a car in the desert. Jon Edwards, the man who thought of the experiment, told The Driven he wanted to see whether charging with a diesel generator was viable, and how the fuel consumption for the generator compared with driving a similar-size diesel-powered car. The experiment involved using the charger to charge 10 electric cars — most of them Teslas — for one hour each, and measuring how much energy was added to the battery during charging. Edwards used the lifetime averages for each car to convert that energy figure to an estimate of the added distance the car could travel after charging. The experiment found that when charged this way, a BMW i3 was the most fuel-efficient of the electric cars, consuming 4.39 liters of fuel for every 100 kilometers of range added, equivalent to about 54 mpg. One Tesla model consumed around 7 liters of diesel fuel per 100 km of range, equivalent to about 34 mpg.  Edwards’ experiment found that, in most instances, using the generator to charge a car consumed less fuel than a similarly sized diesel car would to travel the same distance. A diesel-fueled VW Touareg SUV, for example, used 7.2 liters of fuel per 100 km. Our ruling A Facebook post claims an electric car charging station in Texas runs on a diesel generator and that a car has to charge for three hours and use 12 gallons of diesel fuel to travel 200 miles.  The company that owns the charging station pictured in the post says the station is connected to an electrical grid and does not use diesel fuel. Public chargers are generally connected to the local power supply and do not use diesel generators.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/qualityquilts/posts/4320988144591307,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2021/07/fact-check-diesel-powered-generators-are-not-bad-for-electric-vehicles.html,https://thedriven.io/2018/12/14/diesel-charge-evs-remote-locations-greener-than-you-think/","No, a Facebook post does not show an electric car charging at a diesel-powered station","Environment,Transportation,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Environment,Transportation,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +22,,,,False,Gabrielle Settles,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/gabrielle-settles/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/cuba-can-trade-other-countries-heres-some-context/,U.S. sanctions mean “Cuba can’t trade with any country or any company whatsoever.”,2021-12-12,politifact,,"Amid news surrounding protests in Cuba, a widely shared Facebook post asserts U.S. sanctions on Cuba restrict the country from trading with other countries, too. ""People are either unaware or being purposely obtuse about the U.S. blockade on Cuba,"" reads the post, a screenshot of a tweet. ""Do you realize it doesn’t just mean they can’t trade with the U.S.? Cuba can’t trade with ANY country or ANY company whatsoever, threatening other people who may want to help."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Experts who spoke to PolitiFact said the claim is wrong, misinterpreting some of the nuances of the U.S. embargo on Cuba. Cuba does trade with multiple countries, but the embargo can make it difficult for any foreign companies to do business in the country. Protests flared in Cuba on July 11, when thousands of citizens went to the streets to call for action over shortages of food and medicine, protesting for freedom against the Cuban government. The Associated Press reported that the protests were the largest since Fidel Castro’s presidency. The number of people detained by the government is not clear, but   Cubalex, an attorney group tracking arrests, estimated that as of July 19, 108 people were in detention, 78 people had been freed and 284 people’s whereabouts were in the process of being verified. President Miguel Díaz-Canel blamed the U.S. government’s sanctions for the country’s economic troubles. Jose Gabilondo, associate dean for accreditation and reporting and professor of law at Florida International University, said that while critics of the U.S. embargo tend to use the word ""blockade"" to describe the program, the official term for the sanctions is ""embargo,"" according to the Office of Foreign Assets Control under the U.S. Department of the Treasury. That’s because the U.S. is not physically obstructing Cuba to prevent people or goods from leaving — which is what ""blockade"" means. ""There are many people who consider that the U.S.-Cuba sanctions program violates public international law, so they see it as an illegal program,"" Gabilondo said, ""and they see it as illegal because the Cuba sanctions that are imposed by OFAC apply very broadly, not only to U.S. companies but also to foreign companies that are domiciled in other countries. So many people think that the sanctions amount to an illegal blockade."" The history of the U.S. embargo on Cuba The U.S. initiated its embargo on trade with Cuba nearly 60 years ago, after Fidel Castro’s regime rose to power, and overthrew the country’s U.S.-backed government. Castro’s government increased foreign relations and trade with the Soviet Union, increased taxes on U.S. imports and nationalized American-owned properties. In response, President John F. Kennedy called for a complete economic embargo in 1962, prohibiting all trade of goods and services between the U.S. and Cuba and imposing strict travel restrictions. Twenty years later, President Ronald Reagan designated Cuba as a state sponsor of terror following its support of Marxist movements during the Cold War. The Obama administration lifted the designation in 2015, along with relaxing some restrictions, including on American travel to the country. The change meant Americans could legally bring home Cuban cigars and rum. It also permitted Cuban pharmaceutical companies to do business in the U.S.  The Trump administration reimposed sanctions on Cuba and increased financial and banking restrictions on the country. On Jan. 11, 2021, days before Joe Biden’s presidential inauguration, the Trump administration put Cuba back on the list of state sponsors of terror. Cuba is permitted to trade with many other countries Augusto Maxwell, an attorney at Akerman LLP and chair of their Cuba practice, said the first part of the claim isn’t accurate. Cuba can trade with other countries of its choosing — if those countries are willing as well. Some of Cuba’s trading partners include China, Spain, the Netherlands, Canada, Mexico and Brazil, according to the Observatory of Economic Complexity. Venezuela was one of Cuba’s key trade partners until its ability diminished amid its own economic turmoil. Cuba’s main exports include rolled tobacco, raw sugar, nickel, liquor and zinc. Top imports include poultry meat, wheat, soybean meal, corn and concentrated milk.  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 26, 2021 in an Instagram postSays the Make-A-Wish Foundation will grant wishes only to fully vaccinated children.By Samantha Putterman • July 2, 2021 It’s worth noting that the OEC also lists the U.S. as one of the countries that exports goods to Cuba. Poultry counts for 90% of American shipments to the country, according to the Federation of American Scientists. ""It’s really to favor U.S. farmers and agricultural interests. (Cuba) was a very important market for U.S. farmers,"" Gabilondo said. ""So even though the sanctions generally prohibit trade, there are some exceptions."" Maxwell said, despite these trade relationships, the U.S. embargo does have an impact on what goods Cuba receives from other countries. For example, if any trading good contains 10% of U.S. created content, it must go through U.S. law in order to be exported into Cuba.  ""When you think of complicated things like airplanes or oil drilling platforms or scientific or medical equipment, sometimes those things are caught up in that 10%,"" Maxwell said. ""And so U.S. law does not allow that to be exported to Cuba even though 90% or 89% was produced in France or Canada, or something like that."" Maxwell further pointed out that foreign companies that are owned or patrolled by the U.S. might be reluctant to engage in business with Cuba. The Helms-Burton Act allows U.S. nationals to sue entities that do business involving property that was confiscated by the Cuban government. The rule didn’t go into effect until 2019, when the Trump administration gave it the green light. ""Every president since (1996), Clinton, Bush and Obama, had suspended the rule. President Trump enacted it,"" Maxwell said. ""And so in the last two years there’s been about 35-40 lawsuits filed from different folks for allegedly trafficking in Cuban properties.""  Lillian Guerra, professor in Cuban and Caribbean history at the University of Florida, called the claim ""patently false."" She said that things began to change for Cuba when the Soviet Union collapsed. ""One by one, as Cuba adopted the reforms of 1991 and the Latin American dictatorships and right wing regimes fell, the ‘unilateral’ nature of the U.S. embargo that kept them in line and froze Cuba out of direct trade with its barrio, collapsed,"" Guerra told PolitiFact.  Guerra further stated that multiple countries have a company in Cuba, including China, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy and Canada. Our ruling A Facebook claim stated that the U.S. embargo on Cuba blocks the country from trading with any country or company whatsoever. Embargo is the official term used by the U.S. government to describe the sanctions on Cuba. An expert pointed out that the term blockade is used by someone who believes the sanctions to be illegal due to its broad reach. Experts and evidence shows that Cuba can and has traded with other countries. While the nuances in the U.S. embargo can make it difficult for foreign companies to trade with the country, there is no evidence that they can’t. We rate this claim False.","https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-cuba-caribbean-be719de0907981dda3b6754435516d70,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=330541652046000&set=a.102830838150417&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-business-health-cuba-53b679e5500247f8bf6195b692015605,https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/faqs/topic/1541,https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-cuba-relations?gclid=CjwKCAjw3MSHBhB3EiwAxcaEu-w3ecxI11M22YuP4Ya8SkxYMTwxAqFjFvxCUs9XQVgl0G2NNqXikRoCofwQAvD_BwE,https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3447-embargo-all-trade-with-cuba,https://www.state.gov/state-sponsors-of-terrorism/,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-usa/obama-eases-restrictions-on-cuba-lifts-limits-on-rum-and-cigars-idUSKBN12E1H3,https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1378/reverse-barack-obamas-cuba-policy/,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/11/politics/trump-administration-cuba-state-sponsor-terrorism-intl/index.html,https://oec.world/en/profile/country/cub,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-venezuela-trade/cuban-trade-with-venezuela-plunges-over-two-years-idUSKCN1AV23C,https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2019-07-11/cubas-dependency-on-venezuela-makes-it-vulnerable-to-economic-turmoil,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/02/instagram-posts/no-make-wish-foundation-isnt-granting-wishes-only-/,https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R46791.pdf,https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2019/05/under-helms-burton-act",Cuba can trade with other countries. But here’s some context,"National,Human Rights,Foreign Policy,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,National,Human Rights,Foreign Policy,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +23,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/viral-image/image-flooded-car-altered-include-sticker-critical/,A car flooded in Germany had a sticker critical of Greta Thunberg.,2021-07-17,politifact,,"More than 150 people died in Germany and Belgium after heavy rains flooded parts of Western Europe. But an image of a car submerged in water that has been shared on social media was doctored to include a sticker critical of Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg, who has attributed such extreme weather events to climate change.  ""In Germany, a denier provides a bit of amusement for Greta,"" reads one Facebook post sharing the picture of the BMW with a ""f--- you Greta"" sticker in the window. This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) A reverse image search of the picture shows that the original, taken by photographer David Young, does not include that sticker.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 10, 2021 in a postCarbon dioxide “is not a problem. The Earth has more than enough land and ocean plant life to metabolize it.”By Monique Curet • July 15, 2021 One Twitter user shared a photo of the car from a different angle and there’s no sticker. ""Deadly heatwaves, floods, storms, wildfires, droughts, crop failures… This is not ‘the new normal,’"" Thunberg tweeted on July 15. ""We’re at the very beginning of a climate and ecological emergency, and extreme weather events will only become more and more frequent. #FaceTheCimateEmergency.""  We rate this post False.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/16/europe-flooding-deaths-germany-belgium/,https://archive.is/Ul3dV,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.bild.de/auto/service/service/hochwasser-schaeden-am-auto-welche-versicherung-zahlt-65678570.bild.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/15/facebook-posts/yes-excess-carbon-dioxide-atmosphere-problem-earth/,https://twitter.com/f_stiebeling/status/1416064196391882774?s=20,https://twitter.com/gretathunberg/status/1415600846356819971",Image of flooded car altered to include sticker critical of climate activist Greta Thunberg,"Climate Change,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Climate Change,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +24,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/donald-trump/no-evidence-74000-ariz-mail-ballots-cast-2020-elec/,"Says that in the 2020 presidential election in Maricopa County, Ariz., ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'""",2021-07-15,politifact,,"Persisting in the quest to dispute his loss in the 2020 presidential election, former President Donald Trump claimed that tens of thousands of mail-in ballots in Maricopa County, Ariz., were improperly counted without a record of them having been sent to voters. In a statement on July 15, the day the GOP-controlled Arizona Senate held a hearing on an ongoing partisan audit of the county’s election processes, Trump said:  ""While this, according to the Senate, is preliminary, with results being announced at a later date, it seems that 74,243 Mail-In Ballots were counted with ‘no clear record of them being sent.’"" This and other audit findings, he claimed, showed Biden didn’t win Arizona or other battleground states.  Trump’s claim stems from remarks at the hearing made by Doug Logan, head of Cyber Ninjas, a company that was hired by Arizona Senate Republicans to conduct the audit. Logan was part of the ""stop the steal"" conspiracy theories about the election that culminated in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack. Cyber Ninjas has no prior experience auditing elections. At the hearing, Logan indicated that a clerical error could explain the 74,243 figure. He said: ""We have 74,243 mail-in ballots where there is no clear record of their being sent. ... That could be something where documentation wasn't done right — there was a clerical issue, there's not proper things there — but I think when we've got 74,000, it merits, you know, knocking on a door and validating some of this information."" Knocking on a door is a reference to the auditors’ suggestion that voters be visited door to door as part of the audit. Logan claimed that what are known as EV32 files are ""supposed to give a record of when a mail-in ballot is sent"" and EV33 files are ""supposed to give a record of when the mail-in ballot is received."" In fact, the two documents aren’t just for mailed ballots, and they capture only a limited time period. The EV32 file includes all requests that voters make for early ballots, either by mail or in person, up to 11 days before Election Day, and the EV33 file includes returned early ballots up to the Monday before Election Day, the Associated Press reported. That means there is a 10-day period between the final day of each report, during which thousands of mail-in votes are submitted and thousands of additional voters go to early-voting centers, request ballots in person and submit them. Furthermore, the files don’t include any early ballots that came in on Election Day. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook post“Military ready to act on audit results!” in ArizonaBy Amy Sherman • June 29, 2021 Maricopa County responded to Logan’s claim via Twitter, suggesting that the auditor didn’t understand early voting and used the wrong reports to calculate the number of ballots sent out by mail. Because early voting can be done by mail or in-person, where ballots are provided at the location where voters vote, ""it's not unusual that we would have more early votes than mail-in ballots sent,"" the county said. The county said the two files  ""are not the proper files to refer to for a complete accumulating of all early ballots sent and received."" There’s no evidence that any mail-in ballots were improperly counted. Joe Biden won Arizona by about 10,000 votes, flipping the state after Trump’s win in 2016. Findings of the audit, which began in April, will not affect the  election outcome, because the results were already certified by state officials and accepted by Congress. The state is one battleground where Trump and his allies have spread the baseless allegation that the election was stolen by Democrats. Maricopa County, home to Phoenix, has the most registered voters in the state.  We rated False a claim by Trump, citing the audit, that ""the entire database of Maricopa County"" was deleted. We also fact-checked a  False Trump claim that the audit exposed fraud. Trump’s office didn’t respond to a request for comment. Our ruling Trump said that in the 2020 presidential election in Maricopa County, Ariz., ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'"" Maricopa County says that because early voting is done in person as well as by mail, it’s not surprising that there would be more early votes counted than mail-ballots sent out. The county also said auditors used the wrong files in trying to calculate how many early ballots were sent and received. We rate Trump’s claim False.","https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/statement-by-donald-j-trump-45th-president-of-the-united-states-of-america-07.15.21-08,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/04/ask-politifact-why-are-arizona-republicans-auditin/,https://www.azmirror.com/2021/03/31/arizona-senate-hires-a-stop-the-steal-advocate-to-lead-2020-election-audit/,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/arizona-election-audit-need-information-report-results/,https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-arizona-ap-fact-check-election-2020-campaign-2016-f0c36df59ee1069d65aa6a70a22d88cc,https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-arizona-ap-fact-check-election-2020-campaign-2016-f0c36df59ee1069d65aa6a70a22d88cc,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/facebook-posts/no-evidence-military-ready-act-arizona-ballot-revi/,https://twitter.com/maricopacounty/status/1415834656528764932,https://azsos.gov/sites/default/files/State_Voter_Registration_2020_General.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/19/donald-trump/no-proof-trump-claim-database-2020-election-ariz-w/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/09/donald-trump/trump-falsely-implies-arizona-audit-has-exposed-fr/",Trump claim about Ariz. mail-ballots is based on misunderstanding of early voting,"Arizona,Elections,Donald Trump,Arizona,Elections,Donald Trump",,,,, +25,,,,False,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/facebook-posts/video-purporting-show-anti-vaccination-protest-fra/,Protest video shows “resistance” to “President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens.”,2021-07-14,politifact,,"A social media post makes false claims about a video showing tear gas and water cannons being used against protesters in the streets. The caption accompanying the video on the July 14 post said, ""Resistance begins to mount against President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens. #france."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) France has seen demonstrations against a new government policy announced by President Emmanuel Macron that requires vaccinations for all health care workers and offers people with proof of vaccination privileged access to certain activities. The policy does not mandate vaccines for all French citizens. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 But the protest shown in the Facebook video was not filmed in France. The video was captured at a demonstration in Nairobi, Kenya, that occurred July 14 in response to a local university’s decision to raise tuition fees.  The same video can be found on YouTube with the title, ""University of Nairobi Students demo against fee increment. Clashing with the police."" Reuters, through similar videos and a Google Street View, was able to confirm the location to be in Nairobi. We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/15/coronavirus-latest-updates/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/coronavirus-latest-updates/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/kenyan-police-tear-gas-protesting-150855698.html,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeOtrxrmLWk&t=3s,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-nairobi-protest/fact-check-video-shows-protest-at-university-of-nairobi-in-kenya-not-2021-france-vaccination-protests-idUSL1N2OS1AK?fbclid=IwAR33SFVxoZCXgy50tPhePEqA7-ay4KLQuYbdPpi5HvjFqKKaY3xygS1B55k",Video purporting to show anti-vaccination protest in France is actually from Kenya,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, +26,,,,Pants on Fire,Katie Sanders,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/katie-sanders/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/viral-image/joe-biden-olivia-rodrigo-did-not-appear-press-brie/,An image shows President Joe Biden touching Olivia Rodrigo’s shoulders during a White House press briefing.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"Teen singer and actress Olivia Rodrigo visited the White House on July 14 to encourage younger Americans to get the COVID-19 vaccination. During her visit, she recorded videos for a social media push, met with President Joe Biden and Dr. Anthony Fauci, and dropped in on a White House press briefing. Rodrigo’s White House appearance sparked plenty of news headlines, fashion analysis and memes. But one manipulated photo on social media gave us déjà vu, because it was altered to make Biden look creepy. The photo came from Rodrigo’s drop-in at a White House press briefing with press secretary Jen Psaki, which lasted just a few minutes. In reality, Biden wasn’t there. But someone out there decided to photoshop Biden into the picture behind Rodrigo, squeezing her shoulders as Psaki looked on. ""Psaki face says it all,"" a Facebook user wrote July 15.  The photo was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 21, 2021 in a post on FacebookSays President John F. Kennedy said, “There are people in Washington, D.C., in positions of power to whom the border is just a nuisance, and I think some of them believe that illegal immigration is a moral good. It is not.”By Aaron Sharockman • June 22, 2021 Here’s a legitimate photo of Rodrigo and Psaki from the press briefing. (Here's a video.)  After a quick intro by Psaki, Rodrigo walked up the mic and told reporters how she was honored to speak up for the COVID-19 vaccines. ""I'm in awe of the work President Biden and Dr. Fauci have done and was happy to help lend my support to this important initiative,"" Rodrigo said. Biden wasn’t in the room. The ""Drivers License"" singer and the president met in a closed setting, later releasing this image from the Oval Office putting on aviators. View this post on Instagram A post shared by President Joe Biden (@potus) ""Thanks for stopping by, Olivia, and for using your voice to urge young people to get vaccinated,"" reads the caption from the POTUS Instagram account. The photo of Biden in the manipulated image appears to be lifted from a swearing-in ceremony for former Defense Secretary Ash Carter in 2015. His wife, Stephanie Carter, said Biden was squeezing her shoulders in support because she was ""uncharacteristically nervous,"" and the photo had been misconstrued. We rate this viral image Pants on Fire!  RELATED FACT-CHECK: Fact-checking the pedophilia attacks against Joe Biden","https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/olivia-rodrigo-white-house-outfit-details-1234882614/,https://junkee.com/olivia-rodrigo-white-house/301932,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/mar/14/viral-image/no-photo-doesnt-show-joe-biden-engaging-disturbing/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/22/facebook-posts/liberty-u-confuses-its-kennedys-louisiana-senator-/,https://nypost.com/2021/07/15/create-olivia-rodrigos-white-house-look-for-less-tweed-pumps-more/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK7uW2rf3S4,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/01/joe-biden-photo-shoulders-squeeze-stephanie-carter-response-latest,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/aug/12/facebook-posts/fact-checking-pedophilia-attacks-against-joe-biden/","Joe Biden, Olivia Rodrigo did not appear in press briefing together with Jen Psaki","Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, +27,,,,False,Brandon Mulder,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/brandon-mulder/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/ted-cruz/laws-surrounding-arrests-texas-democrats-are-far-c/,"""There is clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators that are trying to stop the legislature from being able to do business.""",2021-07-13,politifact,,"On Tuesday morning, less than 24-hours after Texas Democratic legislators fled their home state to block passage of a GOP voting rights bill, USA Today reporter Savannah Behrmann caught up with U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, for his thoughts on the errant lawmakers.   It’s nothing but a political stunt that is doomed to fail, he said. And as soon as they return to the state he expects their immediate arrest, echoing a pledge made earlier this week by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott.   ""There is clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators that are trying to stop the Legislature from being able to do business,"" Cruz said in a hallway interview. And that ""clear legal authority"" is explicitly expressed in the state constitution, a fact he learned 18 years ago when state Democrats made their last exodus to thwart a GOP-backed congressional redistricting effort.   In 2003, before Cruz became a national household name, he was appointed to serve as the Texas Solicitor General by then-Attorney General Greg Abbott. That same year, Republicans’ redistricting plans were foiled when at least 50 Democratic state House members broke quorum and fled to Ardmore, Okla., forcing Texas Gov. Rick Perry to call a special session. During that special session, the Republican effort was scuttled again when 11 Democratic state senators made their own quorum-breaking getaway by fleeing to Albuquerque, N.M.  At the time, Speaker of the House Tom Craddick asked Abbott what legal authority the House has to arrest its absent Democratic colleagues. According to Cruz, that question was placed in Cruz's hands.   ""Abbott asked me. I researched it. It turns out the Texas Constitution has a provision that explicitly authorizes fleeing House members to be arrested,"" Cruz recalled Tuesday.  But Cruz’s interpretation of the constitution doesn’t appear to be shared by all.  Interpretations of the Texas Constitution  Article III, Sec. 10 of the state constitution provides little guidance for the situation at hand. In one short paragraph, the document states that the House can ""compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide.""  That language effectively grants authority over the handling of absent members to the Texas House Rules. Under the House rules, the remaining House members can issue a Motion for Call of the House, which directs the House's sergeant-at-arms to dispatch state police to find and return the missing members to secure a quorum.  ""All absentees for whom no sufficient excuse is made may, by order of a majority of those present, be sent for and arrested, wherever they may be found,"" Rule 5, Sec. 8 of the House rulebook states.   While the language uses the word ""arrest,"" there’s uncertainty about how this term is to be interpreted. Because none of these errant members have committed any crime, and the House cannot issue a criminal warrant for their arrest, they can’t be arrested in a criminal sense.  Although Cruz’s interpretation of the law finds that there is ""clear legal authority"" to handcuff Democratic lawmakers and put them ""in leg irons,"" others treat this as a gray area of the law.  The reason why this question lacks clarity is because this hypothetical set of circumstances has no judicial precedent in Texas, said Randall Erben, an adjunct professor at the University of Texas School of Law and former legislative director to Abbott. There has been no judicial interpretation of enforcement of Rule 5, Sec. 8 of the House rulebook, and thus no existing authority on the matter in Texas. ""I'm not going to argue with the junior senator about this, but what I'm saying is there's no precedent anywhere for any of this,"" Erben said. ""He may have found some authority someplace from somewhere, but it's not going to be relevant or on point to the interpretation by a court of competent jurisdiction, which under the Constitution is the only authority that anybody has to do this."" Featured Fact-checkTucker Carlsonstated on June 28, 2021 in a show“In Texas, the power companies have automatically raised the temperature of people's thermostats in the middle of a heatwave without their permission.""By Brandon Mulder • July 9, 2021 Cruz's office, which responded to questions after this article was first published, argued that the ""clear legal authority"" stems from the U.S. Constitution, which has a similar provision regarding absent lawmakers. Cruz spokesman Steve Guest points to a 1988 case in which an Oregon senator was brought into the senate chamber by police feet-first against his will.  Because there is no material difference between the language used in the U.S. Constitution and the Texas Constitution regarding absent lawmakers, Cruz's office argues that the 1988 case shows the extent to which officers can use force in returning lawmakers.  ""Pretending that the law doesn’t clearly allow for the arrest and potential physical compulsion of delinquent legislators is patently absurd,"" Guest said. Erben, however, said that the ultimate authority here rests in the Texas courts.   ""We’re in Texas. The only authority that’s relevant as far as a judicial review would be the Texas courts, and Texas courts have never ruled on anything about the enforcement of any House rule provision,"" Erben said.  The only time in Texas history where a lawmaker came close to facing arrest for absenteeism was in 1979. During that legislative session, an alliance of liberal senators known as the Killer Bees broke quorum for several days and evaded police by bunkering in an Austin garage. After several days, one senator, Gene Jones, left the garage to visit his granddaughter in Houston, prompting state police to search for him at his Houston home.   ""Photo in hand, they knocked on his door,"" recalled then-Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby. ""A man who looked a lot like the picture opened the door. The ranger asked him if he was Jones. He said, yes. They arrested him and took him to Austin. He was Jones all right, but not Gene Jones. They had arrested Gene’s brother, Clayton. When the knock came at the door, the senator had jumped over the back fence and stayed lost for another day.""  What does ‘arrest’ mean?  According to Sandra Thompson, a University of Houston law professor and director of the Criminal Justice Institute, the word ""arrest"" in the context of the House rules doesn’t grant officers an automatic right to use restraints or unreasonable levels of force. The use of restrains could only be used if a lawmaker posed a danger to public safety or to an officer’s safety.  ""In a situation like this, they don't even have a warrant for a criminal arrest,"" Thompson said. ""I think we really need to be thinking about this more in terms of an escort than trying to analogize it as a criminal situation.""  Both Thompson and Erben agree that absent legislators can be ordered to return to the House floor, but it’s not clear what would happen if that legislator refused compliance. The Texas Department of Public Safety did not respond to questions asking for the agency’s interpretation of the law.  ""It's at the extreme edge of parliamentary procedures,"" Thompson said. ""I don't imagine that there would be a situation where a legislator would forcibly resist. That could present a really sticky issue.""  ""Under the authority of the rules of the House, they can be made to come back into the chamber,"" Erben said. ""Now how that happens is up to every individual circumstance, every individual legislature, and every individual law enforcement officer if it comes to that.""  Our ruling  Cruz said that there is ""clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators"" who break quorum. The Texas House Rules states that absent lawmakers can ""be sent for and arrested, wherever they may be found."" But, because absent lawmakers aren’t charged with a crime, it’s unclear how the use of the word ""arrest"" should be interpreted in this context. This is because no Texas court has reviewed how this provision is to be enforced. Thus, there is no legal clarity.  We rate this claim False. Editor's note: This story has been updated to include comments from Cruz's office.","https://www.usatoday.com/staff/2646474001/savannah-behrmann/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/tucker-carlson/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/tucker-carlson/tucker-carlson-distorts-texas-smart-thermostat-con/",Is there 'clear legal authority to handcuff' truant Texas Democrats?,"Texas,Ted Cruz,Texas,Ted Cruz",,,,, +28,,,,False,Sasha Hupka,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/sasha-hupka/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/facebook-posts/no-uc-san-francisco-not-harvesting-genitalia-murde/,"“Newly obtained emails show UCSF harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies.”",2021-07-06,politifact,,"Anti-abortion activists in San Francisco protested this week after Live Action, an anti-abortion nonprofit organization, released emails that they claim show researchers at University of California, San Francisco ""harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies."" The emails were publicized in a Facebook post on the group’s page and an accompanying article on the organization’s website. In the Facebook post, which was published on July 6 and shared more than 500 times, the group wrote that ""it’s time to outlaw abortion and criminally prosecute those who abuse the bodies of children."" The claims do not accurately represent how UCSF obtains and uses fetal tissue. But that did not stop activists from gathering at the San Francisco Department of Public Health on July 14. The protest was livestreamed on Live Action’s Facebook page, racking up 35,000 views. Holding signs that read ""end live dismemberment"" and ""human rights begin in the womb,"" activists chanted ""do no harm"" and ""UCSF, we know what you do."" Facebook flagged the posts as part of its efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed, so we decided to break down the claims. (Read more about PolitiFact California’s partnership with Facebook.) The emails Pro-Life San Francisco, an organization affiliated with Live Action, said it obtained emails between UCSF employees through the California Public Records Act, which requires government entities, including public universities, to make certain documents and records available to members of the public upon request. The emails appear to log the collection of fetal tissue, a standard practice in biomedical research. They list what type of fetal tissue was collected and the time and date. Genitalia are among the types of fetal tissue listed in the emails. In one email, a UCSF employee states that they collected tissue from three different fetuses: a ""testis [and] bladder,"" a ""penis [and] bladder"" and a ""clitoris, bladder [and] uterus."" Acquiring fetal tissue UCSF does conduct biomedical research using fetal tissue and has done so for decades — but the claim that they obtain it from murdered babies greatly distorts the truth and is not correct. In a statement to PolitiFact, UCSF officials said the tissue used for research comes from donations, which can happen after a woman miscarries, chooses to terminate a pregnancy for medical reasons or chooses to have an elective abortion. The officials asked not to be named because of safety concerns. ""Only tissue that has been donated may be used in research,"" officials said. ""Many women who choose to terminate or experience the loss of a pregnancy specifically ask whether they can make these donations."" When fetal tissue is donated to research as the result of an elective abortion, officials said donations are made with written consent from women after they have ""independently"" decided to terminate their pregnancy. ""The [Live Action] article inaccurately implies throughout, through words such as ‘procure’ and ‘harvest,’ that these abortions are being performed in order to obtain tissue, which is false,"" officials said. Live Actions’ article also claims that ""the labor induction abortion techniques used in these facilities to procure ‘fresh’ parts can result in live births as often as 50% of the time."" To support this claim, the article cites a study published in 2011 on abortion in the second trimester. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 That study applies only to medical abortions induced with misoprostol, a drug that causes the uterus to cramp and expel a fetus. Medical abortions make up more than a third of all abortions at over 8 weeks gestation in the United States. Typically, women are first given mifepristone, a drug that stops the absorption of progesterone in the womb, which fetuses need to survive. The study states that ""survival with misoprostol for labor induction abortion at greater than 18 weeks ranges from 0% to 50%."" It cites research from 2002 on using misoprostol to facilitate mid-trimester abortions to support the claim. In that study, women were given just misoprostol, without taking mifepristone beforehand.  The scientists behind that research note in the study that ""live birth is a potential complication of any mid-trimester medical induction,"" but that their research is ""limited"" by the study’s sample size, since 47 women participated and just 23 of them were treated with misoprostol. The end of the article encourages further research. UCSF offers medical abortions, among other reproductive health services, at a clinic called the Women’s Options Center. Healthcare workers at the clinic use both mifepristone and misoprostol, and UCSF officials said there has never been a live birth during an abortion procedure. Why collect genitalia? Fetal tissue is used for many different types of research that helps advance scientific understanding of fetal development and can lead to new drugs and cures for a variety of conditions. By examining and conducting research with fetal tissue, researchers at UCSF have been able to further understand how the urinary tract develops in men and women, how genital malformations occur and the impact of fetal environment on the development of male and female reproductive organs. ""Tissues that have been donated to research after a miscarriage or abortion can offer significant insights that researchers would not otherwise be able to learn and translate into treatments for a range of diseases and illnesses,"" officials said. For many years, researchers at UCSF also used fetal tissue to study HIV and test new drugs that could help treat the disease. That research was supported with money from the National Institutes of Health, funding which was halted in 2019 after President Donald Trump’s administration announced new restrictions on government dollars going to research involving human fetal tissue. UCSF officials said research with fetal tissue is conducted ""in full compliance with federal and state law, and within the ethical standards established by preeminent scientific societies and professional research associations."" Our rating Live Action’s posts claimed that UCSF is ""harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies."" The emails Live Action cites are real and it is true that UCSF conducts biomedical research using human fetal tissue, including fetal tissue from the genitals. However, the social media posts suggest that UCSF is purposefully killing children to obtain this tissue, which is wildly misleading and inaccurate. The tissue used by UCSF scientists is donated by women who have miscarried, have terminated their pregnancies for medical reasons or have elected to have an abortion. In the case of elective abortions, women are only offered the option of donating fetal tissue after they have independently made the decision to terminate a pregnancy. Furthermore, in an article posted to Live Action’s website that accompanied their initial social media post, the group claims that abortion techniques used to obtain fetal tissue often result in live births, suggesting that healthcare workers obtain fetal tissue from live fetuses. Athough the group cites a scientific study to back up their claim, the study pertains only to abortions facilitated solely with misoprostol, a drug that causes the uterus to cramp and expel a fetus. At UCSF’s clinics, medical abortions are conducted using mifepristone, a feticidal drug, before misoprostol is administered to finish the abortion process. UCSF officials said there has never been a live birth during an abortion procedure at any of their clinics. UCSF’s biomedical research and acquisition of fetal tissue is legal and adheres to ethical guidelines. It is clear that Live Action’s posts take the university’s emails out of context and disregard the facts. Therefore, we rate this post False. FALSE – The statement is not accurate.","https://www.facebook.com/liveaction/posts/10159295922148728,https://www.liveaction.org/news/ucsf-callous-abortion-harvesting-exposed-records/?fbclid=IwAR0VIRS9xcvx2DdaVQAhHEXpO8xSvn9I5aTwmEDLc51bzztkZoXpwE6tV_w,https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1195095911008193,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.prolifesf.com/,https://oir.nih.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/sourcebook/documents/ethical_conduct/guidelines-biospecimen.pdf,https://irb.ucsf.edu/consent-guidance-gescr,https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/S0010-7824(11)00057-6/fulltext,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/67889,https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/UCSF-loses-contract-as-Trump-administration-13941523.php","No, UC San Francisco Is Not ‘Harvesting’ The Genitalia Of ‘Murdered Babies’","Abortion,Public Health,Science,Women,Facebook Fact-checks,California,Facebook posts,Abortion,Public Health,Science,Women,Facebook Fact-checks,California,Facebook posts",,,,, +29,,,,False,Monique Curet,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/monique-curet/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/15/facebook-posts/headlines-show-cnn-published-contradictory-reports/,Headlines show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.,2021-07-10,politifact,,"In the spring of 2020, when COVID-19 was coursing through the United States and the world, hydroxychloroquine became a household word as President Donald Trump touted the antimalaria drug for coronavirus patients and experts debated its efficacy. By summer, the Food and Drug Administration had revoked its authorization for hydroxychloroquine to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients and warned of serious health and safety issues. But interest in hydroxychloroquine persists. A study published in May — on a ""preprint"" website that publishes studies that have not been fully vetted — said hydroxychloroquine boosts survival in coronavirus patients. Trump has since claimed he was right all along about the drug, a claim we found questionable. In a viral Facebook post, social media users claimed that two headlines on stories by the same author show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in April and June 2020. The post, which juxtaposes images of the two headlines, was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The April headline said President Trump was ""wrong in so many ways"" about hydroxychloroquine, while the July headline said a study found that the drug ""helped coronavirus patients survive better."" The conflicting tone, the post author argues in the accompanying caption, represents a ""lie"" by the media meant to impugn Trump. The stories, though, did not contain conflicting information.  The April story addressed four specific claims Trump had made about hydroxychloroquine: when information would be available about whether the drug works against coronavirus; whether a French study of the drug was reputable; whether some people had tried to delay the trials of hydroxychloroquine; and whether the drug was safe for coronavirus patients.  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 23, 2021 in an Instagram postFuneral directors say “no one is dying from COVID” and ""the only ones dying are from the vaccine.""By Jason Asenso • June 29, 2021 The July story was about a different issue: the findings of a study by the Henry Ford Health System in Michigan about the survival rate for hospitalized patients who had been given hydroxychloroquine.     The only overlap between the two stories was the question of whether the drug is safe for coronavirus patients. The April story said that Trump called it safe, but that doctors said ""the drug can have serious side effects."" The July story said the Henry Ford study showed that hydroxychloroquine improved survival in hospitalized coronavirus patients, but it also detailed other researchers' skepticism about how the study was conducted.   For the July story, early versions of the headline matched the image in the Facebook post and said, ""Study finds hydroxychloroquine helped coronavirus patients survive better,"" according to our analysis of the CNN webpage through the Wayback Machine, an internet archive service. But later versions of the story had a longer headline that more clearly described the limitations of the study findings: ""Study finds hydroxychloroquine may have boosted survival, but other researchers have doubts.""  A year after the two CNN stories were published, hydroxychloroquine remains unproven as a treatment for coronavirus. A National Institutes of Health study published in November 2020, based on a randomized controlled trial — the highest standard of evidence — concluded that compared with a placebo, hydroxychloroquine provides no benefit to hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our ruling Social media users claimed in a Facebook post that the headlines on two stories by the same author show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.  The April headline said President Trump was ""wrong in so many ways"" about hydroxychloroquine, while the July headline said a study found that the drug ""helped coronavirus patients survive better.""  But the stories did not contain conflicting information. The April story covered four specific claims by President Trump about hydroxychloroquine, and the July story was a report on study findings about the drug.  We rate the claim False.","https://www.fda.gov/media/138945/download,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/OSE%20Review_Hydroxychloroquine-Cholorquine%20-%2019May2020_Redacted.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/14/facebook-posts/post-overstates-studys-200-finding-hydroxychloroqu/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jun/14/donald-trumps-i-was-right-about-everything-fact-ch/,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10219948327074832&set=a.4233753678391&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/instagram-posts/no-evidence-post-about-funeral-directors-seeing-de/,https://web.archive.org/web/20200703121551mp_/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/02/health/hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus-detroit-study/index.html,https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/02/health/hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus-detroit-study/index.html,https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/hydroxychloroquine-doesnt-benefit-hospitalized-covid-19-patients",Two CNN headlines aren’t proof of contradictory reports on hydroxychloroquine,"Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts",,,,, From ab950c8414c3fdd2e4d3fe43758d9a5a350a7aba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Mon, 26 Jul 2021 16:31:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/13] #15 update example CSV file + fix take into account maxclaims + fix problem processing articles --- .gitignore | 2 + claim_extractor/extractors/truthorfiction.py | 22 ++++--- output_got.csv | 60 ++++++++++---------- output_sample_truthorfiction.csv | 31 ++++++++++ 4 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) create mode 100644 output_sample_truthorfiction.csv diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 670817b..d097921 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -24,3 +24,5 @@ output_dev_aap.csv output_dev_fullfact.csv output_dev_snopes.csv output_dev_politifact.csv +TruthorfictionFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +output_dev_truthorfiction.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/truthorfiction.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/truthorfiction.py index d5cf6c2..ab6d0c0 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/truthorfiction.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/truthorfiction.py @@ -18,16 +18,21 @@ def retrieve_listing_page_urls(self) -> List[str]: return ["https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/"] def find_page_count(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup) -> int: - page_nav = parsed_listing_page.find("div", {"class": "nav-links"}) - last_page_link = page_nav.findAll("a")[-2]['href'] + page_nav = parsed_listing_page.find("div", {"class": "nav-previous"}) + last_page_link = page_nav.findAll("a")[0]['href'] page_re = re.compile("https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/page/([0-9]+)/") max_page = int(page_re.match(last_page_link).group(1)) + if (max_page >= 2) and ((max_page*10) <= self.configuration.maxClaims): + page = caching.get(last_page_link, headers=self.headers, timeout=5) + if page: + parsed_listing_page = BeautifulSoup(page, self.configuration.parser_engine) + max_page = self.find_page_count(parsed_listing_page) return max_page - + def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: str, number_of_pages: int) \ -> List[str]: - urls = self.extract_urls(parsed_listing_page) - for page_number in tqdm(range(2, number_of_pages)): + urls = [] #self.extract_urls(parsed_listing_page) + for page_number in tqdm(range(1, number_of_pages)): url = "https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/page/" + str(page_number) + "/" page = caching.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=20) current_parsed_listing_page = BeautifulSoup(page, "lxml") @@ -36,10 +41,9 @@ def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: st def extract_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup): urls = list() - listing_container = parsed_listing_page.find("div", {"class": "ast-row"}) - titles = listing_container.findAll("h2") - for title in titles: - anchor = title.find("a") + listing_container = parsed_listing_page.find_all("article", {"class": "post"}) + for article in listing_container: + anchor = article.find("a") url = str(anchor['href']) max_claims = self.configuration.maxClaims if 0 < max_claims <= len(urls): diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index 1299fd5..d2d40ae 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,31 +1,31 @@ ,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,Pants on Fire,Monique Curet,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/monique-curet/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/instagram-posts/no-evidence-45000-deaths-covid-19-vaccines/,"“45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up.”",2021-07-20,politifact,,"America’s Frontline Doctors, a group known for its false and misleading claims about the pandemic, first made headlines in 2020 when its viral video about hydroxychloroquine got millions of views and was shared by President Donald Trump and Madonna. Now the group is back in the news with a lawsuit that includes a new claim.  ""45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up,"" said a viral Instagram post that cited the lawsuit. The claim was shared in other posts, too.  The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The number of deaths appears to have been fabricated by an unidentified woman, who did not reveal her method for calculating it.  The lawsuit says whistleblower Jane Doe — who it says is not identified by her real name because of concerns about personal safety and losing her job — is ""a computer programmer with subject matter expertise in the healthcare data analytics field, and access to Medicare and Medicaid data maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services."" The lawsuit and an addendum say that in order to calculate her estimate of deaths, Doe examined data from the government’s Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and compared it with medical claims related to vaccines and patient deaths from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The lawsuit says Doe determined that ""the number of deaths occurring with (sic) 3 days of injection with the Vaccines exceeds those reported by VAERS by a factor of at least 5."" It does not explain her method of calculation or how she arrived at that conclusion.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 The lawsuit and the woman’s calculations do not acknowledge the fact that reporting a death in VAERS does not prove that a person died as a result of receiving a vaccine. VAERS is an open system that contains reports that can be submitted by anyone and are not verified.  The woman used the figure of 9,048 deaths as a starting point for her calculations, according to the lawsuit. That was how many deaths associated with the vaccine had been reported to VAERS as of July 9, the lawsuit asserts. The number appears to be inaccurate, though, since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that through July 19, VAERS received 6,207 reports of death among people who received a COVID-19 vaccine.  And even though the agency has received more than 6,000 reports of death to its database, ""a review of available clinical information, including death certificates, autopsy, and medical records, has not established a causal link to COVID-19 vaccines,"" according to the CDC.  The lawsuit was filed on behalf of America’s Frontline Doctors. The group’s 2020 viral video falsely claimed that the coronavirus has a cure and also made misleading claims about state hydroxychloroquine restrictions, coronavirus case numbers and the impact of nationwide shutdown orders. Dr. Simone Gold, a founder of the group, has made other false claims about COVID-19 and vaccines.  Our ruling  An Instagram post claimed, ""45,000 confirmed dead from the COVID-19 shots within three days… and they’ve covered it up.""  The number tracks back to a woman who did not reveal her method for calculating the figure and who has not been publicly identified. She based her calculations on reports of deaths in VAERS, according to a lawsuit. But the number does not align with data contained in VAERS — and even the reports of death entered into that system do not prove that those people died as a result of receiving a vaccine. VAERS is an open system that contains reports that can be submitted by anyone and are not verified.  Finally, the claim was part of a lawsuit by America’s Frontline Doctors, a group that has peddled many false and conspiratorial claims about COVID-19 and vaccines. We rate this claim Pants on Fire!","https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/jul/29/who-are-doctors-viral-hydroxychloroquine-video/,https://archive.is/rencv,https://archive.is/iMmMq,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/03/vaers-governments-vaccine-safety-database-critical/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/adverse-events.html,https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/jul/28/fact-checking-video-doctors-talking-about-coronavi/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/26/simone-gold/receiving-covid-19-does-not-enroll-you-government-/","No evidence of 45,000 deaths from COVID-19 vaccines","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts",,,,, -1,,,,Pants on Fire,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/instagram-posts/biden-has-not-announced-quarantine-camps-unvaccina/,“Americans not vaccinated before 2022 will be put in camps”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"A social media post falsely states that President Joe Biden has announced a plan to put unvaccinated Americans into quarantine camps in 2022.  The July 20 Instagram post shows a screengrab of an article with a partial headline that reads ""Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put In Camps."" The screengrab includes an illustration of Biden along with text below it that reads, ""President Joe Biden announced his latest effort to stop the spread of COVID-19, he will be putting Americans who have chosen to not be vaccinated, into ‘quarantine camps’ where they will be detained indefinitely until they get their shots."" None of this is true. The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) The claim is a picture of a June 21 post on Valuewalk.com, which includes a ""disclaimer"" at the end of the story that reads, ""This is a satirical article."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook postA photo shows Mike Tyson wearing a T-shirt with an anti-vaccine message.By Gabrielle Settles • June 30, 2021 Biden has not announced any plans for quarantine camps. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has designated what it terms  ""quarantine stations"" at 20 ports of entry and land-border crossings where most international travelers arrive. Health officers in these stations decide whether ill people can enter the country. The CDC has the authority to detain and release any traveler arriving in the U.S. from abroad who may have an infectious disease. Our ruling An Instagram post claimed that Biden announced that Americans not vaccinated by 2022 will be placed in ""quarantine camps."" The claim derives from an article that is labeled ""satirical"" — but it is being shared on social media without that context or disclaimer. Pants on Fire!","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRjcZLAlXU5/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=a725f097-561e-49a6-87de-a75457e6a493,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://archive.is/ggzoz,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/30/facebook-posts/photo-mike-tyson-anti-vaccine-t-shirt-was-altered/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/sep/10/instagram-posts/cdc-and-fema-arent-separating-students-and-parents/,https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/quarantine-stations-us.html",Biden has not announced ‘quarantine camps’ for unvaccinated Americans,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Instagram posts",,,,, -2,,,,False,Warren Fiske,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/warren-fiske/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/22/bobby-scott/scott-falsely-accuses-gop-defunding-police/,“Every Republican in Congress voted to defund the police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan.”,2021-07-12,politifact,,"In last fall’s campaigns, Republicans thundered often inaccurate charges that Democrats wanted to defund police departments. U.S. Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., is flipping the script and saying that all congressional Republicans voted to defund police this year when they opposed a $1.9 trillion stimulus plan. ""Every Republican in Congress voted to defund police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan,"" Scott tweeted on July 12.  Scott represents Virginia’s 3rd congressional district, stretching from Norfolk and parts of Chesapeake north through Newport News and west through Franklin.  His claim, echoing a Democratic talking point, melts under scrutiny. Here’s why. The Facts The term ""defunding police'' arose after the 2020 killing of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer. Many advocates say it does not mean abolishing police, but rather reallocating some of the money and the duties that have traditionally been handled by police departments. For example, instead of dispatching police for routine calls involving drug abuse or mental health issues, advocates say it would be better to send officials from social service departments who have training in treating people with those problems. Some of the funds going to police, they say, would be better spent treating mental illness and addiction. Theoretically, that would allow police to put more focus on violent crime. The defund police movement became an attack line for Republicans in 2020, and many Democrats, including President Joe Biden, repeatedly disassociated themselves from it. Moderate Democrats, including Sen. Mark Warner and Rep. Abigail Spanberger of Virginia, said progressives’ calls for defunding police were a large reason congressional Democrats didn’t win as many seats as expected last fall. The American Rescue Plan passed Congress in March 2021 with no Republican support. The $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief package provides aid to individuals, small businesses, nonprofits and the tourism industry. Included in that amount is $350 billion to help state, local and tribal governments recoup revenues they lost because of the coronavirus crisis. The law gives governments choices for using the money, including providing ""premium pay to essential workers or provid(ing) grants to employers of essential workers during the COVID-19 emergency."" In other words, the law does not require governments to spend the aid on essential workers such as police, teachers or medical technicians; it gives them the option to. When lawmakers voted on the bill, there was no guarantee that localities would funnel some of the money to police departments. And the bill did not cut funding to any department. So a vote against the bill giving the states and localities a one-time injection of extra cash was not tantamount to a vote to defund police. Republican leaders never mentioned police funding in their list of reasons for voting against the bill. They criticized the cost of the package, charged that it was filled with Democratic pet projects, and said only a small portion of the money was specifically designated for spending on the coronavirus vaccines. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 Scott’s explanation We asked Scott’s office to back up his statement. Austin Barbera, his press secretary, wrote in an email that the act ""was intended to replace lost revenue during the pandemic and to continue to keep emergency services and cops on the job – among other things."" Barbera sent an NBC article noting that communities in at least 10 congressional districts represented by Republicans who opposed the bill are using some of its relief funds to help their police departments.  He also noted that House Republicans unanimously voted against a separate, $1.9 billion bill to secure the U.S. Capitol after the Jan. 6 insurrection. The measure passed the House on a 219-212 vote and is pending in the Senate. Among other things, it would cover costs the Capitol Police and other security forces incurred in quelling the riot. ""These are just two examples of how House Republicans have all voted against funding the police just this year,"" Barbera said. It should be pointed out, however, that the bill would offer one-time supplements to the security forces and pay for a long list of capital improvements. Opposing the bill does not rise to a vote to take away existing funding. Finally, we should note that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Cedric Richmond, a senior White House adviser, have also accused Republicans of defunding police by opposing the stimulus plan.  Our ruling  Scott tweeted, ""Every Republican in Congress voted to defund the police when they voted against the American Rescue Plan."" The $1.9 trillion stimulus dedicates $350 billion to compensating state, local and tribal governments for lost revenues during the coronavirus crisis. The law gives the governments wide flexibility in using the money, and one option is to spend it on essential workers or their departments.  But the bill never guaranteed that the money would go to essential workers — including police and their departments — when Republicans voted against it. And there’s a huge difference between voting against a possible one-time cash injection into police departments and cutting their existing funding, as Scott implied. We rate Scott’s statement False.","https://twitter.com/BobbyScott,https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/525983-warner-blames-democratic-losses-on-defund-the-police,https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/webb-spanberger-defund-attacks/2020/11/11/9afd6408-2426-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319/actions?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr1319%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=2,https://www.republicanleader.senate.gov/newsroom/remarks/democrats-using-crisis-to-check-off-unrelated-liberal-priorities,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/26/mitch-mcconnell/how-much-goes-covid-19-vaccines-stimulus-bill/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-republicans-who-opposed-covid-aid-still-see-funds-flow-n1272727,https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3237?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr3237%22%5D%7D&s=2&r=1,https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/62921-1,https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/fox-news-sunday-on-june-27-2021",Scott falsely accuses GOP of defunding police,"Public Safety,Stimulus,Coronavirus,Virginia,Bobby Scott,Public Safety,Stimulus,Coronavirus,Virginia,Bobby Scott",,,,, -3,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/viral-image/much-evidence-covid-19-vaccines-save-lives-even-th/,"“If the shot actually saved lives, they’d be priced so high that you literally could not afford them, you know like insulin.”",2021-07-16,politifact,,"A meme showing the late comedian George Carlin makes this claim about COVID-19 vaccines: ""If the shot actually saved lives, they’d be priced so high that you literally could not afford them, you know like insulin."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) It’s well established in the United States that the COVID-19 vaccines, while not 100% effective in preventing the disease, have saved lives: A report published July 7 by the Commonwealth Fund found that without a vaccination program, there would have been approximately 279,000 additional U.S. deaths by the end of June 2021. More than 609,000 people in the U.S. have died from COVID-19.The Associated Press reported that only about 150 of the more than 18,000 confirmed COVID-19 deaths in May were in fully vaccinated people, according to its analysis of data from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That translates to about 0.8%, meaning 99.2% of the deaths were among people who were not fully vaccinated.Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said July 1 that preliminary data from a collection of states over the last six months suggest 99.5% of deaths from COVID-19 in these states have occurred in unvaccinated people.  The federal government bought vaccines from the vaccine manufacturers, and Congress mandated that the vaccines be provided free to all people living in the U.S. in an attempt to reach ""population immunity"" — to make it harder for the disease to spread.  According to the most recent Congressional Research Service report, as of March 31, the federal contracts for the vaccines that have received emergency use authorization were worth roughly $6 billion for Moderna, $5 billion for Pfizer-BioNTech and $1.5 billion for Johnson & Johnson.  Vaccine providers signed agreements with the federal government not to charge patients; they can seek reimbursement of their costs through Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance. Federal funds reimburse health care providers for administering the vaccines to people who don’t have health insurance. With regard to insulin, rising prices are a problem for the millions of Americans who rely on the medication to manage their diabetes. The high costs have been driven largely by the business practices of manufacturers, health plans and pharmacy benefit managers, PolitiFact reported. We rate the meme False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=796819154360324&set=a.110100856365494&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jul/deaths-and-hospitalizations-averted-rapid-us-vaccination-rollout,https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-941fcf43d9731c76c16e7354f5d5e187,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/01/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-43/,https://www.cms.gov/covidvax-provider,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/01/upshot/covid-vaccine-hesitancy-cost.html,https://www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/covid-19-care-uninsured-individuals/index.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/no-cost.html#:~:text=The%20federal%20government%20is%20providing,goal%20of%20achieving%20population%20immunity.,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11560,https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/secretary-becerra-letter-to-issuers-providers.pdf,https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/secretary-becerra-letter-to-issuers-providers.pdf,https://www.hrsa.gov/about/news/press-releases/coverage-uninsured-covid19-vaccinations-claims,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/aug/03/donald-trump/trump-inflates-insulin-help-seniors/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/feb/02/chuck-grassley/why-are-insulin-prices-going-chuck-grassley-explai/","Much evidence COVID-19 vaccines save lives, even though they’re free to patients","Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, -4,,,,False,Jon Greenberg,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/jon-greenberg/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/marjorie-taylor-greene/marjorie-taylor-greene-says-hipaa-shields-her-vacc/,Questions about whether she’s been vaccinated are “a violation of my HIPAA rights.”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., has been an outspoken critic of vaccines and masks to stop the spread of COVID-19. After she tweeted that the disease was a threat only to people who are obese or over 65 — very inaccurate medical guidance — Twitter banned her for 12 hours. Greene held a news conference and was promptly asked if she herself was vaccinated. ""Your first question is a violation of my HIPAA rights,"" Greene said July 20. ""You see, with HIPAA rights, we don’t have to reveal our medical records, and that also involves our vaccine records."" HIPAA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and it contains rules governing the privacy of medical information.  But the law has no bearing on whether Greene can be asked about her medical history, according to both legal experts and official HIPAA guidelines. Whether she answers is a matter of personal choice, not the law. The U.S. Health and Human Service Department summarizes HIPAA as setting ""rules and limits on who can look at and receive your health information."" This mainly targets insurance companies and health care providers, which are among the parties the law calls ""covered entities."" These entities can’t share your health records without your permission. If they do, they face stiff penalties.  Notably, employers are not on the list of covered entities. Greene described HIPAA as though it conferred a special protection against being asked about her medical history. Mark Rothstein, a University of Louisville law professor specializing in HIPAA, said Greene is mistaken. ""It is not a general shield that permits individuals to avoid disclosing their own health information,"" Rothstein said. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 6, 2021 in an Instagram postA study found an “82% miscarriage rate” among women between 30 days and 20 weeks pregnant who got an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.By Samantha Putterman • July 9, 2021 ""Individuals often must disclose their health information, or authorize the disclosure by a HIPAA covered entity, when applying for employment, life insurance, etc.,"" Rothstein said. ""The individual does not have to release the health information, but then they may not be hired or offered insurance."" On the specific matter of vaccination status, employers are free to ask workers if they have gotten the shot. That means any member of the public, including the media, can ask the question of a government official who works for them. ""That is not a HIPAA violation, and employees may decide whether to provide that information to their employer,"" the HHS said. Greene’s director of communications, Nick Dyer, told us, ""Congresswoman Greene’s medical records, including her vaccination status, are none of the media’s business."" Our ruling Greene said questions from reporters about whether she’s been vaccinated violate her HIPAA rights.  That’s not true. HIPAA gives people the right to control how hospitals and insurance companies share their medical records, but it gives no blanket protection against being asked health questions, or having to answer them.  Employers may ask employees if they are vaccinated, without running afoul of HIPAA, according to federal guidelines.  Greene can sidestep the question as a matter of personal choice, but not because of HIPAA.  We rate this claim False.","http://v,https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/1320d-6,https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-individuals/guidance-materials-for-consumers/index.html,https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/covered-entities/index.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/facebook-posts/post-misrepresents-preliminary-data-miscarriages-a/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/21/viral-image/no-hipaa-doesnt-prohibit-businesses-asking-about-y/,https://www.hhs.gov/answers/if-my-employer-requires-proof-of-my-covid-19-vaccination-status/index.html",Marjorie Taylor Greene says HIPAA shields her from vaccination questions. It doesn’t.,"National,Legal Issues,Public Health,Coronavirus,Marjorie Taylor Greene,National,Legal Issues,Public Health,Coronavirus,Marjorie Taylor Greene",,,,, -5,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/blog-posting/no-canada-isnt-banning-pilots-flying-if-they-get-c/,“Canada prohibits all vaxxed pilots from flying.”,2021-07-11,politifact,,"On July 19, Canada announced that fully vaccinated Americans could resume visiting the country beginning Aug. 9. So it seems odd that the government would prohibit vaccinated pilots from flying, but that’s what a recent blog post claims.  ""Canada prohibits all vaxxed pilots from flying,"" reads a July 11 headline of a post on a website called ""Alt News.""  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The post includes a screenshot of a page about COVID-19 vaccines on the website of Transport Canada, the country’s transportation department. The page said in part: ""Transport Canada Civil Aviation Medicine does not restrict or limit aviators from taking vaccines that have been approved by Health Canada. Transport Canada (TC) Civil Aviation Medicine (CAM) does not impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada."" It also said: ""While TC CAM places no restrictions or limitations on vaccines approved by Health Canada, it remains the general position of TC CAM that participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification."" The blog post claims that because ""the corona vax is a ‘medical trial,’"" COVID-19 vaccinations ""are ruled to ground all pilots.""  But that misstates facts.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 Transport Canada said pilots wouldn’t be restricted if they took vaccines approved by Health Canada, the country’s health department.  According to Health Canada’s website, it has received 21 applications for drug and vaccine authorizations related to COVID-19. Several vaccines have been authorized for use in Canada, including the AstraZeneca, Moderna and Pfizer vaccines. Others, such as one from a company called Novavax, are still under review.  Transport Canada did not immediately respond to PolitiFact’s questions about the post, but as of July 21, its website no longer included the language about medical trials that was highlighted in the post.  The site now says, ""COVID-19 vaccines that have been approved by Health Canada (Moderna, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)) are considered compatible with Transport Canada Aviation Medical Certification."" The site still says the department doesn’t ground pilots who wish to take those vaccines.  The earlier wording on the site about medical trials was in response to pilots asking if they could take part in vaccine trials Health Canada had organized before some vaccines were approved for general use in the country, a spokesperson for Transport Canada told AFP.  ""Now that Health Canada has approved the vaccines, the comment regarding medical trials is less relevant and we have elected to remove that statement,"" the spokesperson said to AFP. We rate claims that pilots who are vaccinated against COVID-19 can’t fly False.","https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-ease-border-measures-welcome-vaccinated-us-tourists-next-month-2021-07-19/,https://archive.is/o40f8,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://web.archive.org/web/20210713162544if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/authorization/applications.html,https://archive.is/Tgi6c,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FF8QF-1","No, Canada isn’t banning pilots from flying if they get a COVID-19 vaccine","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Bloggers,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Bloggers",,,,, -6,,,,Mostly False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/facebook-posts/old-obama-era-letter-edited-take-aim-biden/,Ex-AARP members wrote this letter criticizing the “Biden Regime.”,2021-07-18,politifact,,"A long letter critical of AARP, the nonpartisan organization that lobbies on behalf of Americans who are 50 and older, is circulating on social media and takes aim at President Joe Biden.  It’s addressed to Barry Rand, who is described as the executive director of AARP. But Rand retired in 2014, and he died in 2018.  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) A version of this letter, signed by Walt and Cyndy Miller in South Carolina, has been online since 2009, when Rand was the CEO of AARP. Snopes investigated its origins back then and confirmed with Cyndy Miller that she did write the letter to Rand. It was in response to a letter they had received encouraging them to renew their lapsed membership. According to the letter that appears in the Snopes fact-check, the Millers said that ""AARP gave us a sense of belonging which we no longer enjoy.""  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 ""The Socialist politics practiced by the Obama administration and empowered by AARP serves only to raise the blood pressure my medical insurance strives to contain,"" the original letter went on to say. But the version that is being shared on Facebook now has been edited and embellished. It criticizes the ""Socialist politics practiced by the Biden Regime"" and  refers to ""illegal perpetrators"" and ""amnesty (aka-make voters out of the foreign lawbreakers so they can vote to continue the government’s free handouts).""   While much of this letter is the same as the Millers’ version, it is being shared as if it’s a new attack on Biden’s policies. In reality, it was written more than a decade ago, when its authors were frustrated with then-President Barack Obama’s administration.  Biden, of course, served in that administration as vice president, but this message has been edited and altered in the years since to mislead readers into believing it is current. It’s not. We rate this post Mostly False.","https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/pelosi-statement-retirement-barry-rand-aarp,https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/history/info-2018/barry-rand-obituary.html,https://www.facebook.com/ron.wilder.37/posts/10222845045689240,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/letter-to-aarp/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/",Old Obama-era letter edited to take aim at Biden,"Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, -7,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/viral-image/photo-world-cup-celebration-france-not-anti-vaccin/,Photo shows people protesting against “vaccine tyranny” in France.,2021-07-19,politifact,,"More than 100,000 people in France recently protested the country’s COVID-19 vaccination strategy, and some people are cheering them on online.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 ""France,"" reads one Facebook post showing a photo of Champs-Elysee crowded with people as someone stands on the Arc de Triomphe above holding a French flag. ""People are [email protected] up and uniting [email protected] ¥@xxin€ tyranny and n€w w0rld 0rd€r!"" (Screengrab from Facebook)   France has a long history of powerful protests, but this photo doesn’t show anti-vaccine demonstrators in the streets this year.    This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.)   A reverse image search of the photo shows it was taken in July 2018, after France won soccer’s World Cup. People were celebrating France’s win over Croatia in the final match that year — not protesting French President Emmanuel Macron’s recent announcement that unvaccinated residents would have limited access to restaurants, public events, and more.    There are other photos that show French people protesting in the streets. But this isn’t one of them.    We rate this post False.","https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=104313798609247&set=a.100292735678020&type=3,https://www.politifact.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection,https://www.politifact.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection,https://www.france24.com/en/20181207-france-yellow-vest-protests-aux-barricades-long-history-revolt,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/france-covid-vaccine-pass-protests.html,https://www.politico.eu/article/france-rules-coronavirus-green-pass-vaccine-backlash/","This is a photo of a World Cup celebration in France, not an anti-vaccine protest","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, -8,,,,Mostly False,Madison Czopek,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/madison-czopek/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/tweets/advance-child-tax-credit-payments-wont-usually-req/,“You must give EVERY PENNY” of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"Many American households with children saw their bank account balances increase on July 15 as the IRS began distributing the first in a series of advance child tax credit payments.  The early payments of the child tax credit — which was increased as part of the American Rescue Plan Act — will continue through December 2021 to families of children ages 17 and under. Ultimately, the advance payments will distribute half of a family’s expected total child tax credit for 2021. Families will receive the other half of the credit when they file their taxes. Although many view the payments as a positive step, others took to social media to express their concerns.  ""I see a lot of people celebrating #BidenBucks like its free money,"" reads one since-deleted tweet. ""This is a dollar-for-dollar advance on your taxes. You must give EVERY PENNY of it back when you file next year. It's different from the stimulus money you may have received in 2020 (didn't require repayment)."" We found similar tweets elsewhere, including one that called the credit a ""bait & switch"" and another that described it as a ""scam."" Will people have to pay back the money they receive from the advance payments?  It’s possible, but there are mechanisms in place to prevent that from happening — particularly for the most vulnerable families. In many cases, taxpayers will not have to pay back the money received via the advance child tax credit payments. On its website, the IRS explains that the payments are ""early payments from the IRS of 50% of the estimated amount of the Child Tax Credit that you may properly claim on your 2021 tax return during the 2022 tax filing season."" A family with a child age 17 or younger that has an adjusted gross income of less than $240,000 per year for a single filer or less than $440,000 per year for a couple filing jointly should be eligible to receive at least some portion of the 2021 child tax credit.  To determine eligibility for the advance payments and to estimate the child tax credit a family will earn, the IRS used 2020 tax returns (or 2019 tax returns if a family’s 2020 return has not yet been processed.)  Because the advanced child tax credit payments are based on an estimate of the 2021 tax credit a family will be eligible for, it is possible some families might have to pay back some of the money.  ""If the total (amount of advance Child Tax Credit payments) is greater than the Child Tax Credit amount that you are allowed to claim on your 2021 tax return, you may have to repay the excess amount on your 2021 tax return during the 2022 tax filing season,"" the IRS explained. If a child turns 18 in 2021, for example, that could result in the IRS overestimating a family’s expected child tax credit. It is worth noting that the IRS routinely gets information from the Social Security Administration on valid Social Security numbers, which can be used to determine age. But if, for some reason, a family receives advance payments for a child who is no longer eligible in 2021, the money will likely have to be paid back.  Divorced parents who alternate the years they claim their children as dependents might also encounter a situation where the IRS might send child tax credit payments that would need to be paid back. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 But there are protections in place to prevent families from encountering a situation where they would have to pay money back, according to Elaine Maag, a tax policy expert and principal research associate at the Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center. She said research shows that very low-income families are the most likely to have changing child custody situations or to have experienced a marriage or divorce. To protect those families from having to pay back money, there is a ""hold harmless"" provision in the law.  ""It essentially says if you’re single and have income of under about $40,000, you’re at no risk of paying back erroneous payments,"" Maag said.  Married couples making up to $60,000 are also protected from having to pay back overpayments of up to $2,000 per child because of the hold harmless provision. If a family’s income drastically increased in 2021 compared to the income indicated on the 2020 (or 2019) tax return the IRS used to estimate the family’s tax credit, the outdated information could result in overpayments of the credit that might have to be paid back.  ""It would reduce your refund or increase your tax payment next April,"" April Walker, lead manager of tax practice and ethics at the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, told CNBC. ""That’s how it would be paid back."" Maag said she believes that drastic increases in income resulting in overpayments of the tax credit ""will be rare"" because families will receive the maximum amount of the child tax credit if they earn anywhere between $0 and $75,000 as a single filer (or $112,500 for head of household) or $150,000 for joint filers.  ""Most people won’t go from $0 to a $300,000 per year earnings,"" she said. ""I don’t think that situation will be extremely common.""  She noted that even if a family’s income went from $20,000 a year to $300,000 a year, the family’s child tax credit would only decrease from $3,000 to $2,000 per child. ""Only half of that is being advanced, so it’s not a huge liability,"" Maag said. ""And that’s a really high-income family. They can probably absorb that change in their taxes."" The payments are not taxable income. They are tax credits that reduce a family’s tax bill. Families can choose to opt out of the monthly payments in favor of receiving their child tax credit as a lump sum after filing their taxes using the IRS’s Child Tax Credit Update Portal. The deadline to opt out is about two weeks before a payment is made.  The only way a family will have to pay back the money received in the advanced payments is if the household actually qualifies for a smaller 2021 child tax credit than what the IRS estimated when distributing the payments.  Ultimately, Maag said ""we don’t know the exact answer"" to how many families this might impact. Our ruling A tweet said that ""you must give EVERY PENNY"" of the advance child tax credit payments back when you file your 2021 taxes. Because the IRS calculated eligibility for the payments based on a family’s 2020 tax return, it is possible that some families, such as those whose incomes dramatically increased in 2021 or parents who alternate claiming children as dependents, could have to pay some money back.  However, ""must"" communicates a sense of certainty that is at odds with the reality of the situation. And even families that end up having to pay back some of the child credit will not necessarily have to pay back ""EVERY PENNY."" Finally, the law includes protections in place to ensure the lowest-income families will not have to pay back erroneous payments.  We rate this claim Mostly False.","https://www.whitehouse.gov/child-tax-credit/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-e-advance-payment-process-of-the-child-tax-credit#e1#e1,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/15/1016122095/the-expanded-child-tax-credit-is-here-heres-what-you-need-to-know,https://19thnews.org/2021/07/child-tax-credit-payments-moms-road-out-of-poverty/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210715160236/https://twitter.com/spankyNspronkle/status/1415702799304859652,https://twitter.com/FairWitnessAnne/status/1416480581576179712?s=20,https://twitter.com/1LookOutHill/status/1417642849462484994?s=20,https://twitter.com/_dharmadad_/status/1417588042131558400?s=20,https://twitter.com/Ary12834200/status/1416540665463246849?s=20,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.cnet.com/personal-finance/taxes/heres-who-isnt-eligible-for-the-300-child-tax-credit-payment-this-week/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/15/1016122095/the-expanded-child-tax-credit-is-here-heres-what-you-need-to-know,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/15/divorced-parents-may-want-to-opt-out-of-the-advance-child-tax-credit.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.cpajournal.com/2021/05/18/icymi-a-first-look-at-the-american-rescue-plan-act-of-2021/,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/21/you-may-have-to-pay-back-some-of-the-new-3000-child-tax-credit.html,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-a-general-information,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jun/23/what-do-child-tax-credit-coming-monthly-starting-j/,https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/child-tax-credit-update-portal",Advance child tax credit payments won’t usually require repayment,"Economy,Taxes,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tweets,Economy,Taxes,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tweets",,,,, -9,,,,Mostly False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/tomi-lahren/fact-checking-tomi-lahren-vaccines-and-covid-19-su/,"“Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival.”",2021-07-18,politifact,,"Is a person’s chance of surviving COVID-19 the same, vaccinated or not? ""Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival,"" conservative commentator Tomi Lahren said on Facebook, where she has 4.8 million followers. ""Get vaccinated and you can STILL get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival."" Her post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Vaccines don’t offer 100% protection. Some vaccinated people will get COVID-19, and some of them will die. But Lahren’s claim incorrectly conflates survival rates for the population at large with an individual’s chances of survival, which can vary widely depending on individual circumstances. And in suggesting that vaccines don’t make a difference, Lahren ignores evidence showing vaccines are highly effective at preventing infections that could cause death. ""The statement is really well written to be misleading,"" said Cindy Prins, an epidemiology professor at the University of Florida. ""The interpretation could easily be that there’s no difference between unvaccinated and being vaccinated, in terms of chances of survival. But it leaves out what vaccines do in preventing disease in the first place. ""The vaccine is preventing the vast amount of cases that you would have had,"" Prins added. ""And if you reduce the risk of becoming a case, then you can’t die from COVID.""  Case fatality rates, and why they’re misleading Lahren, a Fox Nation talk show host, did not reply to our request for information to support her claim.  More than 609,000 people have died from COVID-19 in the U.S. Estimates of the U.S. case fatality rate — the ratio of confirmed deaths to confirmed cases — are around 1.8%, according to the U.K. nonprofit Our World in Data and Johns Hopkins University. (Among the 20 countries most affected by COVID-19, case fatality rates range from 0.8% in Thailand and Malaysia, to 9.3% in Peru, according to Johns Hopkins.) Adding in unconfirmed cases — those without a positive test result — would likely bring the U.S. mortality rate below 1%, suggesting a survival rate of over 99%.  However, experts say that the survival rate for the infected population at large is not the same as an individual’s chance of survival after getting the disease. The chance of survival for a given individual or demographic group depends on a host of factors, including age and health history. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans. By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 Figures from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show how just one factor — age — increases the risk of death for a person with COVID-19.  The CDC uses people in the 18-to-29 age group as a benchmark, because that age group has accounted for the largest cumulative number of COVID-19 cases. For people in the 30-to-39 age group, the risk of dying from COVID-19 is four times as high. The risk increases for each older group, with people aged 85 and over being 600 times as likely to die. These figures don’t take into account other risk factors, such as preexisting health conditions, that would affect a person’s chances of dying. Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said that for 20-year-olds broadly, getting vaccinated probably wouldn't reduce their mortality rate much, but for 85-year-olds, it would go down significantly. 99% of recent deaths are among unvaccinated people By comparing survival rates for infected people with and without vaccinations, Lahren’s claim also ignores a significant factor: the impact of vaccinations in preventing infections in the first place.  A report published July 7 by the Commonwealth Fund found that without a vaccination program, by the end of June 2021 there would have been about 279,000 additional deaths. The Associated Press reported that only about 150 of the more than 18,000 COVID-19 deaths in May were in fully vaccinated people, according to its analysis of CDC data. That translates to about 0.8%, meaning 99.2% of the deaths were among people who were not fully vaccinated. Preliminary data for June show a similar pattern: 99.5% of deaths from COVID-19 in a collection of states occurred in unvaccinated people, CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said at a White House briefing July 1. The CDC’s latest data on so-called breakthrough cases says that as of July 12, more than 159 million people had been fully vaccinated. With 48 states and territories reporting, there were 5,492 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among them, and 1,063 deaths. That included 272 deaths that were reported as not related to COVID-19 or in which there were no COVID-19 symptoms. Our ruling Lahren said: ""Unvaccinated, you can get COVID and have over 99% chance of survival. Get vaccinated and you can still get COVID and will still have over 99% chance of survival."" Mortality data shows that some 99% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the U.S. do not result in death, but the survival rate for the population at large is not the same as an infected individual’s chance of survival, which depends on many risk factors. The claim also leaves out important context: the role of vaccines in preventing infections that could lead to death. Preliminary data indicate that in recent months, more than 99% of COVID-19 deaths have been among people who have not been vaccinated. The claim contains an element of truth, but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression — our definition of Mostly False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=359439972211165&set=a.278260926995737&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://ourworldindata.org/mortality-risk-covid?country=USA,https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality,https://ourworldindata.org/mortality-risk-covid#what-do-we-know-about-the-risk-of-dying-from-covid-19,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-age.html,https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jul/deaths-and-hospitalizations-averted-rapid-us-vaccination-rollout,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-941fcf43d9731c76c16e7354f5d5e187,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/01/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-43/,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/health-departments/breakthrough-cases.html",Fact-checking Tomi Lahren on vaccines and COVID-19 survival chances,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tomi Lahren,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Tomi Lahren",,,,, -10,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/21/facebook-posts/deaths-jetblue-pilots-falsely-connected-covid-19-v/,Five JetBlue pilots died from the COVID-19 vaccine.,2021-07-17,politifact,,"A post that’s being shared on Facebook suggests that five JetBlue pilots died in connection to the COVID-19 vaccine, but there’s no evidence to support that.  ""HORRIFIC!"" the July 17 post says. ""Five Jet Blue Airlines pilots are confirmed dead, current Jet Blue whistleblower confirms push for jab continues — how is this SAFE for you and your loved ones? How is this about HEALTH when thousands are dying and they keep PUSHING this poison with coercion?""  The post shares a video of a talk show in which a guest says that a JetBlue pilot came forward to say that ""five JetBlue pilots passed away between February of this year and May."" She says ""there’s no direct information yet about their jab status"" but the show’s host calls the deaths ""suspicious.""  This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) JetBlue told PolitiFact that it was ""aware of a report that mentions four of our pilots and one inflight crew member who have passed away this year,"" but said there is ""no connection in their deaths or to the COVID-19 vaccine.""  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 ""The social media video appears designed to intentionally deceive the public and should not be considered a trusted source of information,"" the company said.  In 2020, JetBlue’s full-time staff included about 3,700 pilots and 4,300 flight attendants, according to its annual report. The names of people who died are given in the video in the post. We reviewed their obituaries and found no mention of COVID-19, a vaccine, or the coronavirus.  The obituary of one of the men says he died of kidney cancer. The obituary of a second man says he died after a utility task vehicle accident. The family requested that people attending his memorial service ""wear masks to protect those who are immunocompromised, have health problems, and/or are vulnerable."" The obituary for a third man, a JetBlue crew member,  just says that he died ""unexpectedly,"" and obituaries for the other two men make no mention of cause of death.  Searching more broadly online we found nothing to connect their deaths to the COVID-19 vaccine.  We previously fact-checked a similar claim that the death of four British Airways pilots was connected to the COVID-19 vaccine. British Airways said the deaths weren’t connected to the vaccine. We rated that claim False.  This one merits the same. The suggestion that the deaths of these JetBlue employees was caused by a COVID-19 vaccine is unfounded and in some cases contradicted by the available evidence. We rate it False.","https://archive.is/y7oIF,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,http://blueir.investproductions.com/~/media/Files/J/Jetblue-IR-V2/Annual-Reports/jblu017-jetblue-2020-annual-report-web.pdf,https://www.pressherald.com/2021/04/04/obituarybenjamin-c-ingraham/,https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/kinston/name/alan-herring-obituary?pid=198826353,https://obituaries.bangordailynews.com/obituary/mark-daigle-1081948737,https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/20098703/Robert-Glenn-Hampton/Goldsboro/North-Carolina/Seymour-Funeral-Home-Cremation-Service,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/28/facebook-posts/website-falsely-links-british-airways-pilot-deaths/",Deaths of JetBlue pilots falsely connected to COVID-19 vaccine,"Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts",,,,, -11,,,,False,Jon Greenberg,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/jon-greenberg/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/tweets/how-much-co2-did-bezos-rocket-ride-release-close-z/,Says “Jeff Bezos will put 300 (metric tons) of carbon into the atmosphere for 180 seconds in space.”,2021-07-20,politifact,,"When uber-billionaire Jeff Bezos blasted off from a launchpad in Texas for a fast and short trip to near-space, he ignited a burst of claims about the outsized carbon footprint of his adventure. ""Today Jeff Bezos will put 300 tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere for 180 seconds in space,"" said one tweet July 20. Other social posts made the same general point. ""If you are reporting on the Bezos space flight … please mention the carbon emissions."" ""They really should given Bezos trip today = more carbon pollution than avg person’s whole life but oddly most in media refuse to punch up when it comes to climate."" In terms Americans might more clearly understand, the claim is that about 330 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted for Bezos and three companions to ride to a point about 60 miles above the Earth before coming back down. The round trip lasted about 10 minutes, of which about three were spent in weightlessness. Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is one of a handful of private rocketeers aiming to turn space travel into a viable business. His company is called Blue Origin. Given the clouds of dust and fiery plume that come with any launch, it might seem likely that greenhouse gases would be part of the picture. In the case of the engine used in the Blue Origin rocket, that assumption is wrong. Conventional rocket fuels are carbon-based. The BE-3 engine developed by Bezos’ company burns liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.  ""Carbon dioxide isn’t emitted from the Blue Origin rocket that was used for today’s launch,"" said Eloise Marais, an air pollution researcher at University College London. Featured Fact-checkNational Republican Senatorial Committeestated on June 22, 2021 in an adSen. Raphael Warnock “voted for welfare for politicians plan. Up to $25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign.”By Amy Sherman • June 25, 2021 The Guardian newspaper cited Marais in an article about how the rush of billionaires to get to space could dump massive amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Marais told The Guardian that typically, rockets release 200 to 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide during launch. That didn’t apply to the Blue Origin rocket, Marais said — but the erroneous tweets shared the article in making the claim about Blue Origin anyway. At a press conference after returning from space, Bezos said the Blue Origin rocket used ""​​the most environmentally benign propellant you can choose."" Other private companies — SpaceX, controlled by billionaire Elon Musk, and Virgin Galactic, which took owner Richard Branson into space a week before Bezos — use conventional fuels, and do release carbon dioxide. The Blue Origin flight isn’t a net zero for the environment, however. Marais and other researchers warn that every rocket poses a threat to the ozone layer. Whether it’s water vapor and nitrogen oxides from a Blue Origin engine, or particles from conventional rocket fuels, both degrade the ozone.  We should note that it takes a lot of energy to make most of the hydrogen used today. Those carbon emissions wouldn't come from the launch itself, but they are the reason there's a big push to expand ""green"" hydrogen production. ""In the stratosphere, nitrogen oxides and chemicals formed from the breakdown of water vapour convert ozone into oxygen, depleting the ozone layer which guards life on Earth against harmful UV radiation,"" Marais wrote in The Conversation July 19. Our ruling Social media users tweeted that Bezos’ brief trip to space released 300 metric tons of carbon dioxide.  The trip released none. The rocket’s engine burns hydrogen and oxygen to carry it away from Earth. That doesn’t make these rides risk-free. They do pose a threat to the ozone layer.  We rate this claim False. Update, 10:55 a.m. July 21: After publishing, we updated the article to acknowledge the energy needed to produce hydrogen.","https://twitter.com/karenkho/status/1417142294856278017?s=20,https://twitter.com/EricBalchunas/status/1417498820854824974?s=20,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/national-republican-senatorial-committee/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/national-republican-senatorial-committee/republicans-mislead-welfare-attack-raphael-warnock/,https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jul/19/billionaires-space-tourism-environment-emissions,https://aerospace.org/sites/default/files/2018-05/RocketEmissions_0.pdf,https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-announces-525-million-accelerate-progress-clean-hydrogen,https://theconversation.com/space-tourism-rockets-emit-100-times-more-co-per-passenger-than-flights-imagine-a-whole-industry-164601",How much CO2 did Bezos’ rocket ride release? Close to zero,"National,Climate Change,Corrections and Updates,Space,Tweets,National,Climate Change,Corrections and Updates,Space,Tweets",,,,, -12,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/no-saline-injections-are-not-part-covid-19-vaccine/,“Some of you are being injected with saline because it would look too suspicious if everybody died at the same time.”,2021-07-18,politifact,,"A meme being shared on social media suggests there’s a nefarious plot to kill vaccine recipients because of reports of some people receiving shots of just saline.  ""Some of you are being injected with saline because it would look too suspicious if everybody died at the same time,"" the post says.  It was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) In April, news outlets reported that some people mistakenly got saline shots instead of a COVID-19 vaccine at a Walgreens in North Carolina. Walgreens said a ""limited number"" of people at a store received saline injections, according to the Charlotte Observer. Walgreens notified the customers and they were given the COVID-19 vaccine when they returned to the pharmacy.   One woman told a local TV station that Walgreens called them hours after they received their vaccines asking them to come back in because she said ""the pharmacists evidently forgot to mix the vaccine into the saline solution.""  A couple months later, in June, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control said that a ""very limited"" number of COVID-19 vaccines reportedly contained only saline, according to WIS-TV, a local NBC News affiliate.  A woman said that she was called back to the pharmacy she had visited to receive her second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine because it was ""not activated."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 22, 2021 in a social media post“The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION recently reversed its stance on children getting the Covid vaccine.”By Victoria Knight • June 24, 2021 A health department spokesperson said that there were some similar cases and that in each instance, the recipient was contacted to return for the proper vaccine dose.  And back in March, several patients in Ontario, Canada, were accidentally injected with saline instead of the vaccine, according to Newsweek. Saline is used to dilute the COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer before it’s injected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that the preparation instructions for the vaccine direct medical providers to mix it with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride, which is saline.  The Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines don’t require mixing with saline. This detailed graphic by the Chicago Tribune shows how all three COVID-19 vaccines that have been authorized for use in the United States make their way from manufacturing sites to arms. Receiving a saline injection isn’t harmful, and millions of COVID-19 vaccine doses have been safely administered in the United States. A rigorous regulatory process and real-world evidence shows that they effectively protect against COVID-19, and the vaccines continue to undergo safety monitoring.  While the CDC has said that three deaths from a rare blood clotting issue could be linked to the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, more than 160 million Americans are now fully vaccinated with minimal complications.  The suggestion that people are being injected with saline as part of a bigger, deadly plot against humanity is unfounded and defies evidence.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=141480834763514&set=a.107036721541259&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article250765274.html,https://abc11.com/nc-covid-vaccine-saline-mistake-mix-up/10527645/,https://www.wistv.com/2021/06/28/very-limited-number-saline-only-covid-vaccines-accidentally-given-health-dept-says/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/24/facebook-posts/who-did-not-reverse-its-position-kids-and-covid-19/,https://www.newsweek.com/group-canadians-accidentally-receive-saline-injection-instead-covid-19-vaccine-1585544,https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/pfizer-bioNTech-faqs.html,https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/vaccine/ct-coronavirus-vaccine-process-graphic-20210311-jpct3ri2vvcj7mjy5nkatz6e64-htmlstory.html,https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/is-the-covid19-vaccine-safe,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/27/should-i-get-covid-19-vaccination-answering-questi/,https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/01/28/960901166/how-is-the-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-going-in-your-state","No, saline injections are not part of a COVID-19 vaccine plot","Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Viral image",,,,, -13,,,,False,Bill McCarthy,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/bill-mccarthy/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/tucker-carlson/tucker-carlson-spins-web-misleading-claims-he-alle/,"“It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, last November. That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true.”",2021-07-14,politifact,,"Fox News host Tucker Carlson promoted a number of false, misleading and unsubstantiated claims about election fraud in Georgia in a recent segment on his cable news program. ""It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, last November,"" Carlson said July 14. ""That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true."" Carlson told his viewers he was giving them the ""fact-based,"" ""official version"" of what happened in Georgia, where Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump by more than 11,000 votes in a contest the state’s Republican election officials affirmed was free and fair.  But Carlson’s account of what happened in Fulton County — a Democratic stronghold that includes Atlanta — was neither official nor true. State and local officials and election experts said his claim of fraud reflected a misunderstanding of election procedures. ""Nothing that he brought up points to any voter fraud,"" Richard Barron, Fulton County’s elections director, told PolitiFact. Viral clips from the segment online were flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.)  In the past, Fox News has argued in court that Carlson’s show should not always be viewed as strictly factual, and that his viewers expect him to stray from the truth. Asked about the July 14 segment, a Fox News spokesperson pointed as evidence not to any official record or finding, but to a July 13 press release from VoterGA, a group Carlson cited during his segment.  The group, led by Garland Favorito, is leading a search for evidence of fraud with a lawsuit seeking access to Fulton County’s absentee ballots. A critic of Georgia’s elections, Favorito has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11, John F. Kennedy and other topics. Supports of President Donald Trump holds signs outside State Farm Arena on Nov. 5, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) Here’s the truth behind the main claims Carlson made on air. A warehouse alarm Carlson opened his segment with a dramatic — and misleading — story about an alarm that went off at a warehouse housing ballots in Fulton County this year:  ""On a Saturday night in late May of this year, an alarm sounded in a big, nondescript warehouse in Fulton County, Georgia. The warehouse was an unlikely place for a burglary … But someone tried to do it anyway, and at just the perfect moment, 20 minutes after deputies in charge of guarding the warehouse left their post. By the time those deputies returned to check out the alarm, someone had opened the hundred-pound door to the warehouse. So what happened that night? And why? We still don’t know."" We do know. In fact, a photograph Carlson aired on screen came from a Georgia Public Broadcasting report that explained what happened. A screenshot of a ""Tucker Carlson Tonight"" segment about alleged voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia, as seen on July 14, 2021. The alarm that rang did not come from the part of the building housing ballots, reporter Stephen Fowler wrote in June. And the door was opened by off-duty police officers. The kicker: The officers who opened it had been hired as private security by an attorney representing several plaintiffs in the lawsuit seeking access to Fulton County’s ballots — the very people seeking to prove Georgia’s election was marred by fraud. Barron, the elections director, said the alarm was tied to a motion detector in an office belonging to the clerk of the superior court, likely triggered by a rodent.  When it sounded, the Fulton County Sheriff’s deputies watching the building were changing shifts, he said. That left an opening for the litigants’ hired security to approach the building. Barron said that the county clerk had accidentally left a door unlocked, and that those officers had ""illegally trespassed"" when they opened it and entered. He said they ""staged photos to make it look as though the door was wide open.""  The ballots inside remained secured.  Double-scanned ballots Carlson’s second allegation: that Fulton County counted thousands of ballots more than once.  Carlson said VoterGA identified more than 4,000 votes that were duplicates in Fulton County. He also cited an Atlanta Journal-Constitution report about potential double-scanned ballots in the initial count. ""The final tally from the double counts we know about amounts to more than 3,300 votes for Joe Biden and 865 votes for Donald Trump,"" Carlson said. He added: ""We're talking about a lot of ballots, at least hundreds of ballots involved, enough potentially to affect the outcome of the election."" Election workers do sometimes make errors, and Fulton County has had a history of messy elections, said Charles S. Bullock III, a professor of political science at the University of Georgia. But a similar claim that over 4,000 of the county’s ballots were scanned multiple times was rated False by PolitiFact.  ""There is no evidence that thousands of ballots were counted twice,"" said Amber McReynolds, chief executive officer of the National Vote at Home Institute. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the county may have scanned nearly 200 ballots twice before the state’s recounts. But the newspaper added that ""there’s no indication any vote for president was counted more than once in official results."" Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 13, 2021 in a Facebook postIn the 2020 presidential election, “4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times” and “3,390 went to Biden.”By Tom Kertscher • July 19, 2021 Georgia conducted a hand audit and a machine recount of ballots, both of which upheld Biden’s victory. For a ballot to have counted twice in the official results, it would have had to be scanned twice in the initial tally, then counted twice again during the hand audit and machine recount. ""The chance that you are going to double scan the same batch again is, like you might as well win the lottery,"" Barron said. ""I think the odds are worse."" Fulton County Ga. elections director Richard Barron listens during a press conference while workers scan ballots as part of Georgia's presidential recount on Nov. 25, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) On screen, Carlson showed a video of an election worker feeding ballots through a machine and said it ""appears to show large numbers of ballots being scanned multiple times."" But it’s typical for election workers to have to cancel and rescan some batches of ballots, experts said. The practice is not fraudulent double-counting. It’s what election workers in Fulton County and elsewhere are instructed to do when machines jam up or fail to scan a ballot. Investigators looked into allegations of fraud in Fulton County and found nothing, the Georgia secretary of state’s office told PolitiFact. The recounts corrected some mistakes that had no bearing on the outcome, including in two counties that went for Trump. ""There’s never been an election held in Georgia which has been checked so many different ways,"" said Bullock.  Falsified audit tally sheets Carlson claimed that VoterGA had found ""falsified"" audit tally sheets with ""fabricated vote totals,"" including sheets that logged hundreds of votes for Biden and zero for other candidates. ""It certainly sounds like flat-out criminal fraud,"" he said. The source for the claim, again, was VoterGA’s July 13 press release. PolitiFact reached out to the group for more details and did not hear back in time for publication. But the hand audit in which these tally sheets were used did not produce Georgia’s final, certified results, Barron said. The state’s machine recount did, and it confirmed Biden’s victory. As for the sheets VoterGA said only tallied votes for Biden, Barron said they were likely the result of election workers sorting ballots by candidate during the audit.  ""They would put these into piles, and then on the tally sheet, they would mark the number of votes cast according to the count of each of those piles,"" Barron said. A photo from the audit shows an election worker doing just that, as USA Today reported. The outlet also reported that there were similar batches from the audit with all votes tallied for Trump. ""Since they did use the sorting method during the recount, it is possible for a batch to look like that,"" McReynolds told PolitiFact. An election worker looks at a ballot during Georgia's hand recount of presidential votes on Nov.15, 2020, in Marietta, Ga. (AP) Ballots without creases Carlson said a ""whistleblower"" had captured photos of mail-in ballots without creases.  ""That's strange because of course mail-in ballots need to be bent in order to be mailed in,"" he said as the images ran on screen. ""These ballots clearly had never been inside an envelope."" But many military and overseas voters receive electronic ballots that they print, fill out and return by mail, Gabriel Sterling, Georgia’s voting system implementation manager, told the New York Times in January. These ballots are not the right size for scanners, so election workers under supervision transfer those votes onto normal ballots so the scanners can read them. The same process occurs for ballots that get torn in the scanner, sliced when opening the envelope, or too wrinkled and bent in the mail. During the 2020 election, the process was also standard procedure in Georgia’s Republican counties, CNN’s Daniel Dale reported. ""It is absolutely not proof of fraud,"" McReynolds said. A Fulton County elections worker processes absentee ballots at the State Farm Arena on Nov. 2, 2020, in Atlanta. (AP) 35,000 voters moved Carlson's final claim was that thousands of Georgia voters cast ballots from old addresses. ""Nearly 35,000 Georgia voters moved out of their county of residence more than a month prior to Election Day,"" Carlson said. ""They were ineligible to vote. And yet they did."" The source for Carlson’s claim was an article from the Federalist, a conservative website. The article said the figure came from an expert who compared the U.S. Postal Service’s national change-of-address database with data from Georgia’s secretary of state. The secretary of state’s office told PolitiFact it disputed the claim. And an address change for the purpose of receiving mail is not itself proof of a change in residency that would affect voting.  Some college students might continue to vote from their home address while they go to school, Bullock said. Military members stationed at one of Georgia’s many bases could do the same. The Federalist’s article acknowledged what Carlson did not — that those people ""may have been students, members of the military, or may have only relocated temporarily."" Our ruling Carlson said, ""It now appears there actually was meaningful voter fraud in Fulton County, Georgia last November. That is not a conspiracy theory. It's true."" To back his claim, the Fox News host rattled off several claims purporting to show signs of fraud. Each was inaccurate, misleading or unsubstantiated, PolitiFact found. Biden’s victory in Georgia was confirmed by two recounts. We rate Carlson’s claim False.","https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-investigates-fulton-county-election-incident,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/05/heres-why-georgias-republican-officials-are-confid/,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.npr.org/2020/09/29/917747123/you-literally-cant-believe-the-facts-tucker-carlson-tells-you-so-say-fox-s-lawye,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://twitter.com/stphnfwlr/status/1415665393306382336?s=20,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/06/01/fulton-county-investigating-alarm-at-election-warehouse-conspiracy-theories-grow,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://twitter.com/stphnfwlr/status/1415352769607872515?s=20,https://apnews.com/article/2nd-georgia-county-find-uncounted-votes-018eac6ac24733d63d356ee76f485530,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/05/29/fact-check-georgia-military-overseas-ballots-not-evidence-fraud/7450430002/,https://twitter.com/realLizUSA/status/1415473640653590528?s=20,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/04/us/politics/trump-georgia-election-fraud.html,https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1415784540019347460?s=20,https://archive.is/yhXqz#selection-403.0-406.0,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/11/matt-schlapp/matt-schlapps-baseless-claim-9000-nevada-mail-ball/?wpmobileexternal=true&wpmobileexternal=true",Tucker Carlson spins web of misleading claims as he alleges ‘meaningful voter fraud’ in Georgia,"Georgia,Elections,Pundits,Facebook Fact-checks,PunditFact,Tucker Carlson,Georgia,Elections,Pundits,Facebook Fact-checks,PunditFact,Tucker Carlson",,,,, -14,,,,False,Laura Schulte,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/laura-schulte/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/jill-karofsky/wisconsin-state-justice-misses-mark-how-much-waste/,"“A farm with 2,500 dairy cattle is similar in waste load to a city of 411,000 people.”",2021-07-08,politifact,,"It’s no secret that factory farms produce a lot of waste.  Also known as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, or CAFOs, the farms are home to thousands of animals at a time, ranging from cows to hogs to chickens. One of the most common complaints about the large-scale farms is the waste, which must be collected and disposed of in some way.  It’s no surprise that a case involving the waste from factory farms made its way to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, though the written decision in the case raised an interesting question: Exactly how much waste does a CAFO produce?  The court held that the state Department of Natural Resources has the ability to impose a maximum number of animals on factory farms and off-site groundwater monitoring conditions on factory farms. In writing the majority decision, Justice Jill Karofsky cited an evaluation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which stated that ""a farm with 2,500 dairy cattle is similar in waste load to a city of 411,000 people.""  But in America’s Dairyland, we know our cows. And that number seems awfully high.  Is it true that a dairy farm of 2,500 cows could really produce more waste than the population Madison, Racine and Oshkosh combined?  Let’s check it out.  Cows are waste machines If you look at the study referenced by Karofsky, ""Risk Assessment Evaluation for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations,"" it does indeed state that a farm of 2,500 animals produces as much waste as a city of 411,000.  But, the paper was published in 2004, making it 17 years old.  So we went in search of newer information.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 11, 2021 in a Facebook postPhoto shows an electric car charging station that uses ""12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles. That's 36 gallons for 200 miles. 5.6 mpg.""By Andy Nguyen • July 19, 2021 A Dec. 6, 2019 report by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel likened a herd of 1,000 cows to the city of Fond du Lac, which has 42,000 residents. So, by that measure, 2,500 cows would equal a city of about 105,000 --  much smaller than Karofsky wrote. The article also noted the largest CAFO in the state, which boasts 6,000 cows, generates about as much manure and urine as 252,000 people, roughly the size of the city of Madison. So, at 2,500 cows, the comparison point would again be a city of about 105,000. And studies by Cornell University animal science department professors Michael Van Amburgh and Karl Czymmek, published in 2017, showed that a herd of about 340 cows can produce the same amount of waste as 10,736 humans.  That puts the amount of waste for a herd of 2,500 cows at about the same level as 79,000 humans, a smaller number, but one even further under the number cited in the state high court’s opinion. Our ruling In writing a recent decision for the state Supreme Court, Karofsky claimed a herd of 2,500 cows produces as much waste as a city of 411,000 people. The statistic was part of a case that upheld the state DNR’s ability to consider the number of animals at factory farms and whether groundwater should be monitored offsite.  That’s an awful lot of waste from a lot of cows. And a 17-year-old study included the figure. But newer numbers suggest that while cows produce a lot of waste -- up to 17 gallons of it a day, per animal -- a farm of 2,500 cows isn’t producing the same amount of waste as 411,000 people. It’s more like 100,000 people. We’re going to have to call bull on this claim.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=386188,https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/901V0100.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2000%20Thru%202005&Docs=&Query=%28%282500%29%20or%20%28milwaukee%29%29%20OR%20FNAME%3D%22901V0100.txt%22%20AND%20FNAME%3D%22901V0100.txt%22&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C00THRU05%5CTXT%5C00000011%5C901V0100.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=45&SeekPage=b,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-facebook-post-does-not-show-electric-car-chargi/,https://www.jsonline.com/in-depth/news/special-reports/dairy-crisis/2019/12/06/industrial-dairy-impacts-wisconsin-environment-family-farms/4318671002/,https://blogs.cornell.edu/whatscroppingup/2017/06/21/series-phosphorus-and-the-environment-2-setting-the-record-straight-comparing-bodily-waste-between-dairy-cows-and-people/",Wisconsin state justice misses mark on how much waste produced by cows at factory farms,"Environment,Agriculture,Legal Issues,Wisconsin,Jill Karofsky,Environment,Agriculture,Legal Issues,Wisconsin,Jill Karofsky",,,,, -15,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/baseless-claims-election-irregularities-swirl-trum/,Says Donald Trump “won Arizona.”,2021-07-17,politifact,,"An image shared on Facebook that shows Donald Trump pointing at something carries this caption: ""Oh, look, I won Arizona."" One user, who uses a Trump photo as a profile picture, posted the image and added: ""BY A LOT!"" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Trump came close, but he lost to Joe Biden by just over 10,000 votes in the 2020 presidential race in the Grand Canyon State, as the official result from the Arizona Secretary of State shows:  Biden: 1,672,143 votes, 49.36%Trump: 1,661,686 votes, 49.06% Judges rejected lawsuits on behalf of Republicans seeking to halt certification of the vote or alleging wrongdoing in Maricopa County.  The county conducted a hand count audit of a sample of ballots as required by state law and hired independent firms to conduct a forensic audit of tabulation equipment. The county found no abnormalities.  But Republicans in the Arizona Senate hired a team including Cyber Ninjas, which has no prior experience auditing elections, to audit the Maricopa County results. The company’s head, Doug Logan, was part of the ""stop the steal"" conspiracy theories about the election that culminated in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack.  Election experts, both Democrats and Republicans, have questioned the legality of the partisan-led ballot review and say it lacks transparency. They’re concerned that it could feed a new wave of misinformation about the election. Featured Fact-checkFacebook posts stated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook post“Military ready to act on audit results!” in ArizonaBy Amy Sherman • June 29, 2021 Several false claims arising from the audit have already been made and debunked. Trump said ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'"" Our rating: False. The claim was based on confusion over the early voting process and a misuse of Maricopa County documents. Trump said: ""The entire Database of Maricopa County in Arizona has been DELETED!"" Our rating: False. His claim was made after a tweet from the audit stated that the county ""deleted a directory full of election databases."" Three days after Trump’s claim, the head of a firm helping with the audit essentially walked back the database claim.Trump stated: ""Republican state senators"" who started an audit of 2020 election results in Maricopa County are ""exposing this fraud."" Our rating: False. The audit is ongoing and no official findings have been released.A post shared on Facebook claimed: ""A quarter of a million illegal votes found in Arizona’s audit."" Our rating: False. The claim was based on speculation by a former adviser to Trump, not any audit finding.. Separate from the audit, the Associated Press reported July 16 that statewide, county election officials have identified fewer than 200 cases of potential voter fraud out of more than 3 million ballots cast. Finally, there is this: Findings of the audit will not affect the election outcome, because the results were already certified by state officials and accepted by Congress. We rate the post False.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1426982377678906&set=a.146602072383616&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://results.arizona.vote/#/featured/18/0,https://www.democracydocket.com/state/arizona/,https://www.maricopa.gov/5539/Voting-Equipment-Facts#handcount,https://www.maricopa.gov/5681/Elections-Equipment-Audit,https://www.azmirror.com/2021/03/31/arizona-senate-hires-a-stop-the-steal-advocate-to-lead-2020-election-audit/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/04/ask-politifact-why-are-arizona-republicans-auditin/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/facebook-posts/no-evidence-military-ready-act-arizona-ballot-revi/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/donald-trump/no-evidence-74000-ariz-mail-ballots-cast-2020-elec/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/19/donald-trump/no-proof-trump-claim-database-2020-election-ariz-w/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/09/donald-trump/trump-falsely-implies-arizona-audit-has-exposed-fr/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/apr/27/facebook-posts/no-quarter-million-fraudulent-votes-werent-uncover/,https://apnews.com/article/business-government-and-politics-arizona-election-2020-e6158cd1b0c6442716064e6791b4c6fc","Baseless claims of election irregularities swirl, but Trump still has not won Arizona","Arizona,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Arizona,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, -16,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/viral-image/no-kayleigh-mcenany-isnt-jfk-jrs-daughter/,Says Kayleigh McEnany is John F. Kennedy Jr.’s daughter.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"In a photo collage that’s being shared of Kayleigh McEnany, an image of the former press secretary for then-President Donald Trump is flanked by pictures of four members of the Kennedy family.  There’s former President John F. Kennedy, who is identified as McEnany’s ""grandpa"" in the collage, and his wife, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, who is identified as her ""grandma."" McEnany’s parents, according to the image, were John F. Kennedy Jr. and wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy. This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) McEnany’s parents are Mike and Leanne McEnany. In May 2020, Getty Images photographer Chip Somodevilla photographed McEnany with her parents as they posed behind the podium in the White House press briefing room.   Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 21, 2021 in a post on FacebookSays President John F. Kennedy said, “There are people in Washington, D.C., in positions of power to whom the border is just a nuisance, and I think some of them believe that illegal immigration is a moral good. It is not.”By Aaron Sharockman • June 22, 2021 They have been identified as McEnany’s parents in multiple media sources. In May 2020, for example, the Tampa Bay Times reported that McEnany ""is the daughter of commercial roofing company owner Michael McEnany and Leanne McEnany.""  Sports Illustrated said she ""is the daughter of former Mississippi State defensive lineman Mike McEnany.""  Before he was assassinated in Dallas in 1963, John F. Kennedy and Jackie had four children, including a stillborn child and a boy, Patrick, who died two days after his birth. Their daughter, Caroline, was born in 1957, and John F. Kennedy Jr. was born two weeks after JFK won the presidency in 1960.  In 1999, JFK Jr. and Carolyn Bessette Kennedy died when the plane he was piloting crashed near Martha’s Vineyard. The couple didn’t have any children.  Caroline married Edwin Schlossberg and they had three children: Rose, Tatiana and Jack Schlossberg. We rate this post False.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/355674281467247/permalink/1464023903965607/?__xts__[0]=68.ARCkDe9d7XsZ_gPpIKWd9yaBFRVtpq_8KdvA-9HHvMhXJW72PoKgwNwjg5Pq3W7IU37wWwzcDQxm8z1x6NkmbazrITBZr4lcoWJVslxrVl9AXhCz1dURZMx-M9Ph_alBxRnWAqeA1LIFY73TVDg8zaYDk1-Mour4dmnmHn7_JbjLkN-pXfrBcaN3c5bXyXE3A0Y85QTVXzHC-EFn5k7V_ios8UGlbzNWoTIgFREgFF2gMMpBXuJ4MqoDyEmMqxPqxsnD6NjzzHqxgDnMZz5Xr2myoTUpInEm0BM,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/white-house-press-secretary-kayleigh-mcenany-holds-her-five-news-photo/1222303540,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/22/facebook-posts/liberty-u-confuses-its-kennedys-louisiana-senator-/,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/10/kayleigh-mcenany-donald-trump-white-house-press-secretary-profile,https://www.salon.com/2020/07/09/white-house-press-secretary-kayleigh-mcenanys-parents-received-at-least-1-million-in-relief-funds/,https://www.the-sun.com/news/655226/kayleigh-mcenany-white-house-press-secretary-donald-trump/,https://www.tampabay.com/news/hillsborough/2019/10/31/kayleigh-mcenany-highlights-hillsborough-gop-lincoln-day-dinner/,https://www.si.com/college/mississippistate/news/maroon-white-house,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/royals/young-kennedy-family-rose-tatiana-jack-schlossberg-jfk-grandchildren-a4025056.html","No, Kayleigh McEnany isn’t JFK Jr.’s daughter","Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, -17,,,,False,Kiannah Sepeda-Miller,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kiannah-sepeda-miller/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/20/terri-bryant/downstate-senator-wrong-medicaid-eligibility-illin/,"“You may be 55 years old in [Illinois] and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you’re eligible for Medicaid.”",2021-07-13,politifact,,"Last year amid the global COVID-19 crisis, Illinois became the first state to expand publicly funded healthcare to all low-income immigrant seniors, including those living in the country illegally. In a recent WJPF radio interview, state Sen. Terri Bryant of Murphysboro brought up the program after a caller asked how many ""illegal aliens"" taxpayers in Illinois ""are now responsible for."" Bryant used the question to criticize Illinois for being too soft on illegal immigration, suggesting without evidence the state’s policies are somehow connected with violent crime in Chicago and repeating a consistently debunked claim about the city having the nation’s strictest gun laws. She also took aim at the state for expanding health care coverage to undocumented immigrants, suggesting those over a certain age are now eligible for health care benefits not available to citizens: ""In this budget, we now allow for Medicaid for undocumented individuals who are 55 and older,"" the Republican said. ""So last year — it seemed like it stayed very quiet, I don’t know why more people weren’t talking about it — it was 65 and older. This year they slipped in 55 and older. So you may be 55 years old in this state and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you’re eligible for Medicaid."" We were curious what Bryant was talking about when she said being undocumented and 55 years or older would make someone eligible for Medicaid benefits in Illinois. After all, Medicaid is a need-based program, meaning only applicants who meet certain income requirements qualify. We called Bryant’s office to speak with her about what her claim was based on, but did not hear back. Applicants must meet the same income criteria as citizens, legal residents Undocumented immigrants face limited access to healthcare, with federal law restricting them from participating in Medicare, Medicaid, the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplaces. In addition to becoming the first state to provide coverage for low-income seniors whose immigration status disqualifies them from federal programs, Illinois is one of six states funding its own program to cover income-eligible children regardless of immigration status. California, one of the other states that covers minors, expanded its program to include young adults in 2020 and last week approved a plan to cover low-income immigrants age 50 and over beginning next year. Illinois moved to create two programs expanding coverage for older immigrants left out of federal programs. Last year, state lawmakers used the budget to create a program providing noncitizens living at or below the federal poverty level who are at least 65 years old with access to some Medicaid-like benefits regardless of their immigration status. The age and income requirements for that program mirror those for a version of Medicaid called Aid to the Aged, Blind, and Disabled, though the benefits for the immigrant seniors are not as expansive. Featured Fact-checkLori Lightfootstated on June 28, 2021 in remarks at a press conferenceCook County’s criminal courts “have been shut down for 15 months.”By Kiannah Sepeda-Miller • July 4, 2021 The budget lawmakers and the governor approved this year created a program set to launch by the end of next May providing benefits identical to Medicaid to noncitizens aged 55 through 64 who would be eligible for Medicaid if not for their immigration status. Under Medicaid itself in Illinois, U.S. citizens and noncitizens with legal status 19 years and older are eligible for coverage if their income is within 138% of the federal poverty level. That same income requirement applies to noncitizens who will be eligible for the state’s new program, according to Jane Longo, deputy director of new initiatives at the Illinois Department of Healthcare & Family Services. So, with the exception of immigration status, a 55-year-old who is undocumented would have to meet the same criteria as a 55-year-old citizen to qualify for coverage in Illinois. Bryant drew a false comparison, since there’s no scenario in which U.S. citizens would fail to qualify for Medicaid, as long as they fell within the proper income range. Our ruling Bryant said ""you may be 55 years old in this state and a citizen and not eligible for Medicaid. But if you are an undocumented immigrant and 55 or older, you're eligible for Medicaid."" This is a false comparison. No U.S. citizens would be barred from Medicaid unless their income was too high to qualify. And the beneficiaries of the Illinois plan who are in the U.S. illegally would also have to fall below the same income restrictions. We rate Bryant’s claim False. ​​FALSE — The statement is not accurate. Click here for more on the six PolitiFact ratings and how we select facts to check.","https://khn.org/news/article/illinois-is-first-in-the-nation-to-extend-health-coverage-to-undocumented-seniors/,https://www.wjpf.com/episode/newsradio-wjpf-interview-with-terri-bryant-july-13-2021/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/nov/03/donald-trump/trump-no-marksman-when-aiming-chicago-gun-laws/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/oct/03/sarah-huckabee-sanders/chicago-toughest-gun-control-claim-shot-full-holes/,https://www.npr.org/2017/10/05/555580598/fact-check-is-chicago-proof-that-gun-laws-don-t-work,https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/17/does-a-city-with-the-toughest-gun-laws-end-up-with-worst-gun-violence/,https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/health-coverage-and-care-of-undocumented-immigrants/,https://www.kff.org/health-reform/state-indicator/medicaid-chip-coverage-of-lawfully-residing-immigrant-children-and-pregnant-women/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D,https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article252311248.html,https://ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/101/PDF/101-0636.pdf,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/Pages/CoverageForImmigrantSeniors.aspx,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/MedicalClients/Pages/medicalprograms.aspx,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/lori-lightfoot/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/04/lori-lightfoot/no-cook-county-criminal-courts-havent-been-shut-do/,https://ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/102/PDF/102-0016.pdf,https://www.illinois.gov/hfs/MedicalClients/AffordableCareAct/Pages/default.aspx,https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2018/feb/12/principles-truth-o-meter-politifacts-methodology-i/#Truth-O-Meter%20ratings",Downstate senator wrong on Medicaid eligibility for Illinois undocumented immigrants,"Immigration,Health Care,Medicaid,Illinois,Terri Bryant,Immigration,Health Care,Medicaid,Illinois,Terri Bryant",,,,, -18,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-proof-thousands-double-counted-ballots-2020-pre/,"In the 2020 presidential election, “4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times” and “3,390 went to Biden.”",2021-07-13,politifact,,"In a continuing attempt to portray Fulton County, Ga., as a haven for fraud and malfeasance in the 2020 presidential election, a new allegation asserts that thousands of the same ballots were counted multiple times in the county where heavily Democratic Atlanta is located. One tweet claims the counts benefited Joe Biden, who defeated Donald Trump in Georgia, a key swing state, by about 12,000 votes. ""Why is it that errors seem to only ever go one way?"" the tweet asked. ""VoterGA says 4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia were scanned multiple times. Of those duplicate ballots, 3,390 went to Biden."" Claims of the multiple counting of the same ballots in Fulton County were also made on Facebook. And Trump, also citing the VoterGA group, issued a statement making allegations, including fraud, in the county’s ballot counting. The tweet was highlighted to PolitiFact by Vinesight, a company that monitors online misinformation. Citing a history of election mismanagement in Fulton County, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger on July 15 called for the firing of two of the county’s top election officials.  But there is no evidence of double-counting that would have given Biden anywhere near the number of extra votes being claimed. The double-counting that VoterGA claims it found were in what is known as a risk-limiting audit — a hand recount of the vote. After that, a second recount was done.  Statewide, the original count plus the two recounts all confirmed Biden’s victory in Georgia The group claiming the double counting Voter GA, also known as Voters Organized for Trusted Election Results in Georgia, says it advocates for ""verifiable auditable recount capable and transparent elections."" It is led by Garland Favorito who, with others, filed a lawsuit seeking a review of the Fulton County’s general-election absentee ballots in the 2020 election.  A longtime critic of Georgia’s election infrastructure, Favorito has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11 and other topics, according to Georgia Public Radio, the New York Times and the Associated Press. He has also promoted affidavits signed by poll workers or observers in which they leap to conclusions about the integrity of absentee ballots, suggesting they weren’t properly marked or weren’t printed on normal paper.  On July 13, Favorito and the group issued a news release that makes allegations of fraud and other election malfeasance in Fulton County, including the allegation referenced in the tweet. The group claimed it ""found at least 36 batches of mail-in ballots with 4,255 total extra votes were redundantly added into Fulton County audit results for the November election. These illicit votes include 3,390 extra votes for Joe Biden, 865 extra votes for Donald Trump and 43 extra votes for Jo Jorgenson,"" the Libertarian candidate.  At a news conference on July 13, businessman David Cross, who is helping Favorito, displayed digital images of several ballots that he said shows ballots were scanned twice. Side by side, the ballots appeared to be identical, but contained different markings that Cross said indicated they were scanned more than once. Featured Fact-checkNational Republican Senatorial Committeestated on June 22, 2021 in an adSen. Raphael Warnock “voted for welfare for politicians plan. Up to $25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign.”By Amy Sherman • June 25, 2021 Cross sent PolitiFact, and posted online, information that he said supports the Voter GA’s claim. He went further, claiming that he had found 6,415 extra votes counted in the risk-limiting audit, with an extra 5,128 going to Biden and 1,188 to Trump.  What’s been found On the same day of the tweet, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that the people who filed the lawsuit discovered that nearly 200 Fulton County ballots had been scanned twice. The newspaper said it confirmed the double-counting by reviewing digital images of the ballots; the story included a link to the images.  However, the double-counting was discovered in a recount and there is no indication Biden earned any additional votes in the official results, the newspaper said. The ballots counted twice would have given Biden 31 extra votes. After a recount, official results reflected that Trump gained a total of 121 absentee votes in Fulton. Biden won the county with 73% of 524,000 votes cast, the story said. As we’ve reported, two recounts confirmed Biden won Georgia. In all, the roughly 5 million ballots cast in Georgia were counted three times, including once by hand. The hand recount uncovered more than 2,600 uncounted votes, most of which favored Trump, in Floyd County, Ga. But election officials said the mistake was due to human error, not voter fraud. In the end, the certified results showed Biden beating Trump by 11,779 votes in the state.  Alan Abramowitz, a political science professor at Emory University in Atlanta, said: ""Given that these ballots were all recounted by hand, there is no chance that a large number of ballots were double counted."" University of West Georgia political scientist Thomas Hunter said none of the information provided by Voter GA proves that votes in the official certified results were counted twice.  The official certified results were taken from the second recount, which was requested by the Trump campaign, he said. Even if some ballots were counted twice during the risk-limiting audit, he said, ""those numbers are not included in the official results. The official results are from the last recount, which was done by scanning all of the ballots. The results in the official count from Fulton County match quite closely to what the initial count showed."" Hunter added: ""Any large-scale mistakes would have been found through the two recounts."" The Georgia Secretary of State’s office referred questions to Fulton County. A Fulton County spokeswoman declined comment, citing the lawsuit. Our ruling A tweet says that in the 2020 presidential election, ""4,255 ballots in Fulton County, Georgia, were scanned multiple times"" and ""3,390 went to Biden."" Some 200 ballots initially were double-counted in Fulton County, where heavily Democratic Atlanta is located — but there’s no evidence of thousands, and the double-count didn’t change the official result of Biden defeating Trump in Georgia. We rate the claim False.","https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/just-news/no-evidence-missing-absentee-ballots-georgias-2020/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-ballots-error-fulton-county-ga-unproven/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/11/viral-image/no-132000-georgia-ballots-werent-likely-ineligable/,https://twitter.com/ElectionWiz/status/1415133797885034497,https://www.facebook.com/100067468433292/videos/333682211765914/,https://twitter.com/realLizUSA/status/1415332236564512775/photo/1,https://twitter.com/GaSecofState/status/1415692351176052738,https://voterga.org/about/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-georgia-decertified-election-pants-fire-fals/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/27/facebook-posts/claim-ballots-error-fulton-county-ga-unproven/,https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/05/25/what-happening-fulton-countys-absentee-ballots,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/24/us/politics/georgia-election-recount.html,https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-arizona-election-2020-election-recounts-government-and-politics-4d5038b2bea05d2132cb4ada43516f67,https://voterga.files.wordpress.com/2021/05/press-release-court-rules-to-unseal-fulton-ballots-in-3rd-voterga-victory.pdf,https://voterga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Press-Release-New-Evidence-Reveals-Georgia-Audit-Fraud-and-Massive-Errors.pdf,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcFdMT4i1Bg,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/national-republican-senatorial-committee/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/national-republican-senatorial-committee/republicans-mislead-welfare-attack-raphael-warnock/,https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:6d8893ef-e22a-4c84-837f-7e9bf7b1336f#pageNum=1,https://www.ajc.com/politics/some-ballots-initially-double-counted-in-fulton-before-recount/GY4FTEEI6REIJN3SDKIDNIOYV4/,https://theatlantajournalconstitution.sharefile.com/share/view/s3c2d5cda4b5a42a88b6a76990379d181,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/05/heres-why-georgias-republican-officials-are-confid/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/nov/18/facebook-posts/georgia-election-officials-found-more-2600-uncount/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jan/04/donald-trump/donald-trump-falsely-claims-georgia-victory-record/",No proof of thousands of double-counted ballots in 2020 presidential race in Ga.,"Georgia,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Georgia,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, -19,,,,Pants on Fire,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/biden-misspoke-about-turnout-numbers-he-didnt-conc/,"""Biden concedes 6 million votes.""",2021-07-15,politifact,,"A TV program called ""The Real Story"" made the ridiculous claim that President Joe Biden ""conceded"" 6 million votes in the 2020 election that put him in the White House. ""Biden concedes 6mil votes"" is the headline on a Facebook post that includes video of the program, which is produced by the conservative One America News network. The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Host Natalie Harp played a clip from a Biden voting rights speech in Philadelphia on July 13, in which he said:  ""All told, more than 150 Americans of every age, of every race, of every background exercised their right to vote."" The official White House transcript inserted ""[million],"" indicating that Biden mistakenly omitted that word. Featured Fact-checkViral imagestated on June 20, 2021 in a Facebook postAstraZeneca means “weapon that kills.”By Ciara O'Rourke • June 21, 2021 Harp then cited a Trump statement that said:  ""Biden just said 150 people voted in the 2020 Presidential Election (Scam!). On the assumption that he meant 150 million people, and based on the fact that I got 75 million+++, that would mean that Biden got 75 million votes, which is 6 million votes less than what they said they got. So what is that all about? Are they already conceding 6 million votes?"" Trump did not get more than 75 million votes. Official results from the Federal Election Commission show there were nearly 158.4 million votes cast for president: 81.3 million (51.3%) for Biden — some seven million more than the 74.2 million (46.9%) for Trump; the rest of the votes were for other candidates. Biden left out the word ""million,"" but he did say ""more than."" He did not concede six million votes. We rate the statement Pants on Fire!","https://www.facebook.com/BreakingNewsArizona/videos/vb.100063864364103/992303374881245/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/13/remarks-by-president-biden-on-protecting-the-sacred-constitutional-right-to-vote/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/viral-image/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/21/viral-image/no-astrazeneca-doesnt-mean-weapon-kills/,https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/statement-by-donald-j-trump-45th-president-of-the-united-states-of-america-07.13.21-03,https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/2020presgeresults.pdf","Biden misspoke about turnout numbers, but he didn’t concede 6 million votes","Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Elections,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, -20,,,,Pants on Fire,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/tweets/heres-why-olympics-gave-athletes-cardboard-beds/,"Olympic Village has cardboard beds “to prevent Olympians from having sex, and thus risk spreading (COVID-19).”",2021-07-17,politifact,,"A tweet claimed that the Olympics in Tokyo are using anti-sex beds in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 during the games.  ""This is the craziest story,"" said a July 17 tweet. ""In order to prevent Olympians from having sex, and thus risk spreading the Covid virus, beds at the Tokyo Olympic Village are made from cardboard so they collapse if more than one person gets on them!"" The tweet included an image of two neatly made single beds, each covered in a blue and white bedspread that reads ""Tokyo 2020."" The legs and frame of the bed are made of cardboard   The post, which was also shared on Facebook, was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) The beds were not created to prevent the spread of the virus. They were made by Airweave, a Japanese company. In 2019, long before COVID-19 was even a word, the company announced its plan to supply 18,000 beds for the Olympics and 8,000 beds for the Paralympics.  The beds are meant to be moveable and recyclable. The bed frames are made out of high-resistance cardboard and a customizable mattress. The beds’ lightness helps athletes rearrange their rooms easier. And once the games are over, the beds and mattresses will be recycled into other paper and plastic products.  Featured Fact-checkViral imagestated on June 20, 2021 in a Facebook postAstraZeneca means “weapon that kills.”By Ciara O'Rourke • June 21, 2021 Even though the beds look breakable, they can withstand a lot of physical activity. ""Fake news!"" said Rhys McClenaghan, an Olympic gymnast from Ireland, in response to the fast-moving social media claim. In his video tweet, he is seen forcefully jumping up and down his cardboard bed — without it breaking. ""Cardboard beds are actually stronger than the one made of wood or steel,"" Airweave told the New York Times. The beds are built to hold up to 200 to 440 pounds.  As far as social distancing goes, the International Olympic Committee has asked athletes to minimize physical interaction, keep two meters of distance from other athletes, and practice good hygiene. Athletes are expected to be tested for COVID-19 before, during and after the games. This year, the Olypmics distributed 160,000 condoms; officials said that the condoms were used for educational purposes to promote safe sex. ""Our intent and goal is not for athletes to use the condoms at the Olympic Village, but to help with awareness by taking them back to their own countries."" said the Tokyo Olympics Organizing Committee in a statement.  Our ruling The post stated that the beds used in the Olympics are meant to prevent sex between athletes and minimize the spread COVID-19; they are not.  The bed plans were put into motion before the pandemic because they can be recycled. We rate this claim Pants on Fire!","https://twitter.com/aravosis/status/1416452187560071178?s=21,https://www.facebook.com/GinaBullardTV/posts/360820858933071,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/09/1c7d08d3e0c2-olympics-recyclable-cardboard-bed-customizable-mattress-for-2020-athletes.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/viral-image/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/21/viral-image/no-astrazeneca-doesnt-mean-weapon-kills/,https://twitter.com/McClenaghanRhys/status/1416567768938291203,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/world/asia/tokyo-olympics-anti-sex-beds-cardboard.html,https://gtimg.tokyo2020.org/image/upload/production/xibscdw6nfsl994awcdq.pdf,https://japantoday.com/category/tokyo-2020-olympics/please-take-tokyo-olympics-condoms-back-to-your-home-country-and-use-them-there-organizers-say",Here’s why the Olympics gave athletes cardboard beds,"Facebook Fact-checks,Tweets,Facebook Fact-checks,Tweets",,,,, -21,,,,False,Andy Nguyen,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/andy-truc-nguyen/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/no-facebook-post-does-not-show-electric-car-chargi/,"Photo shows an electric car charging station that uses ""12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles. That's 36 gallons for 200 miles. 5.6 mpg.""",2021-07-11,politifact,,"A widely circulating Facebook post points to public charging stations as a glaring example of why electric cars are not as environmentally friendly as advertised. The July 11 post includes a picture it identifies as an electric car charging station in Round Rock, Texas. The accompanying text claims electric cars are more inefficient because charging stations use diesel fuel generators to produce electricity. ""That 350kWh generator uses 12 gallons of diesel fuel per hour, and it takes three hours to fully charge a car to get 200 miles,"" the text reads. ""That's 36 gallons for 200 Miles! 5.6 mpg."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. Instagram is owned by Facebook. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The charging station shown in the post is located at an outlet mall in Round Rock, an Austin suburb. However, the description of how it operates is wrong. Electrify America, which operates the charging station, called the claim that it uses electricity derived from a diesel generator ""absolutely false."" ""Our direct-current fast electric-vehicle charging station in Round Rock, Texas, is powered by Oncor Electric Delivery Company, one of the largest utility companies in the U.S.,"" Mike Moran, a spokesperson for the company, said in an email. Oncor distributes electricity across the Texas electric grid but doesn’t generate its own power. An Oncor spokesperson said it’s hard to pinpoint exactly what kind of energy is used to power the Round Rock station — whether it’s derived from coal, nuclear, wind or solar energy. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 Similar claims linking electric vehicles to diesel generators have circulated before. A July 1 post used much of the same text, but with a different image and without any mention of Texas. It claimed diesel charging stations are ""popping up everywhere."" The picture used in that post is actually of a diesel-powered charging station, but not anything like the public ones that are being installed around the country. This one was created as an experiment in 2018 in Australia to test the viability of using a diesel generator to charge a car in the desert. Jon Edwards, the man who thought of the experiment, told The Driven he wanted to see whether charging with a diesel generator was viable, and how the fuel consumption for the generator compared with driving a similar-size diesel-powered car. The experiment involved using the charger to charge 10 electric cars — most of them Teslas — for one hour each, and measuring how much energy was added to the battery during charging. Edwards used the lifetime averages for each car to convert that energy figure to an estimate of the added distance the car could travel after charging. The experiment found that when charged this way, a BMW i3 was the most fuel-efficient of the electric cars, consuming 4.39 liters of fuel for every 100 kilometers of range added, equivalent to about 54 mpg. One Tesla model consumed around 7 liters of diesel fuel per 100 km of range, equivalent to about 34 mpg.  Edwards’ experiment found that, in most instances, using the generator to charge a car consumed less fuel than a similarly sized diesel car would to travel the same distance. A diesel-fueled VW Touareg SUV, for example, used 7.2 liters of fuel per 100 km. Our ruling A Facebook post claims an electric car charging station in Texas runs on a diesel generator and that a car has to charge for three hours and use 12 gallons of diesel fuel to travel 200 miles.  The company that owns the charging station pictured in the post says the station is connected to an electrical grid and does not use diesel fuel. Public chargers are generally connected to the local power supply and do not use diesel generators.  We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/qualityquilts/posts/4320988144591307,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2021/07/fact-check-diesel-powered-generators-are-not-bad-for-electric-vehicles.html,https://thedriven.io/2018/12/14/diesel-charge-evs-remote-locations-greener-than-you-think/","No, a Facebook post does not show an electric car charging at a diesel-powered station","Environment,Transportation,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Environment,Transportation,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, -22,,,,False,Gabrielle Settles,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/gabrielle-settles/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/facebook-posts/cuba-can-trade-other-countries-heres-some-context/,U.S. sanctions mean “Cuba can’t trade with any country or any company whatsoever.”,2021-12-12,politifact,,"Amid news surrounding protests in Cuba, a widely shared Facebook post asserts U.S. sanctions on Cuba restrict the country from trading with other countries, too. ""People are either unaware or being purposely obtuse about the U.S. blockade on Cuba,"" reads the post, a screenshot of a tweet. ""Do you realize it doesn’t just mean they can’t trade with the U.S.? Cuba can’t trade with ANY country or ANY company whatsoever, threatening other people who may want to help."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Experts who spoke to PolitiFact said the claim is wrong, misinterpreting some of the nuances of the U.S. embargo on Cuba. Cuba does trade with multiple countries, but the embargo can make it difficult for any foreign companies to do business in the country. Protests flared in Cuba on July 11, when thousands of citizens went to the streets to call for action over shortages of food and medicine, protesting for freedom against the Cuban government. The Associated Press reported that the protests were the largest since Fidel Castro’s presidency. The number of people detained by the government is not clear, but   Cubalex, an attorney group tracking arrests, estimated that as of July 19, 108 people were in detention, 78 people had been freed and 284 people’s whereabouts were in the process of being verified. President Miguel Díaz-Canel blamed the U.S. government’s sanctions for the country’s economic troubles. Jose Gabilondo, associate dean for accreditation and reporting and professor of law at Florida International University, said that while critics of the U.S. embargo tend to use the word ""blockade"" to describe the program, the official term for the sanctions is ""embargo,"" according to the Office of Foreign Assets Control under the U.S. Department of the Treasury. That’s because the U.S. is not physically obstructing Cuba to prevent people or goods from leaving — which is what ""blockade"" means. ""There are many people who consider that the U.S.-Cuba sanctions program violates public international law, so they see it as an illegal program,"" Gabilondo said, ""and they see it as illegal because the Cuba sanctions that are imposed by OFAC apply very broadly, not only to U.S. companies but also to foreign companies that are domiciled in other countries. So many people think that the sanctions amount to an illegal blockade."" The history of the U.S. embargo on Cuba The U.S. initiated its embargo on trade with Cuba nearly 60 years ago, after Fidel Castro’s regime rose to power, and overthrew the country’s U.S.-backed government. Castro’s government increased foreign relations and trade with the Soviet Union, increased taxes on U.S. imports and nationalized American-owned properties. In response, President John F. Kennedy called for a complete economic embargo in 1962, prohibiting all trade of goods and services between the U.S. and Cuba and imposing strict travel restrictions. Twenty years later, President Ronald Reagan designated Cuba as a state sponsor of terror following its support of Marxist movements during the Cold War. The Obama administration lifted the designation in 2015, along with relaxing some restrictions, including on American travel to the country. The change meant Americans could legally bring home Cuban cigars and rum. It also permitted Cuban pharmaceutical companies to do business in the U.S.  The Trump administration reimposed sanctions on Cuba and increased financial and banking restrictions on the country. On Jan. 11, 2021, days before Joe Biden’s presidential inauguration, the Trump administration put Cuba back on the list of state sponsors of terror. Cuba is permitted to trade with many other countries Augusto Maxwell, an attorney at Akerman LLP and chair of their Cuba practice, said the first part of the claim isn’t accurate. Cuba can trade with other countries of its choosing — if those countries are willing as well. Some of Cuba’s trading partners include China, Spain, the Netherlands, Canada, Mexico and Brazil, according to the Observatory of Economic Complexity. Venezuela was one of Cuba’s key trade partners until its ability diminished amid its own economic turmoil. Cuba’s main exports include rolled tobacco, raw sugar, nickel, liquor and zinc. Top imports include poultry meat, wheat, soybean meal, corn and concentrated milk.  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 26, 2021 in an Instagram postSays the Make-A-Wish Foundation will grant wishes only to fully vaccinated children.By Samantha Putterman • July 2, 2021 It’s worth noting that the OEC also lists the U.S. as one of the countries that exports goods to Cuba. Poultry counts for 90% of American shipments to the country, according to the Federation of American Scientists. ""It’s really to favor U.S. farmers and agricultural interests. (Cuba) was a very important market for U.S. farmers,"" Gabilondo said. ""So even though the sanctions generally prohibit trade, there are some exceptions."" Maxwell said, despite these trade relationships, the U.S. embargo does have an impact on what goods Cuba receives from other countries. For example, if any trading good contains 10% of U.S. created content, it must go through U.S. law in order to be exported into Cuba.  ""When you think of complicated things like airplanes or oil drilling platforms or scientific or medical equipment, sometimes those things are caught up in that 10%,"" Maxwell said. ""And so U.S. law does not allow that to be exported to Cuba even though 90% or 89% was produced in France or Canada, or something like that."" Maxwell further pointed out that foreign companies that are owned or patrolled by the U.S. might be reluctant to engage in business with Cuba. The Helms-Burton Act allows U.S. nationals to sue entities that do business involving property that was confiscated by the Cuban government. The rule didn’t go into effect until 2019, when the Trump administration gave it the green light. ""Every president since (1996), Clinton, Bush and Obama, had suspended the rule. President Trump enacted it,"" Maxwell said. ""And so in the last two years there’s been about 35-40 lawsuits filed from different folks for allegedly trafficking in Cuban properties.""  Lillian Guerra, professor in Cuban and Caribbean history at the University of Florida, called the claim ""patently false."" She said that things began to change for Cuba when the Soviet Union collapsed. ""One by one, as Cuba adopted the reforms of 1991 and the Latin American dictatorships and right wing regimes fell, the ‘unilateral’ nature of the U.S. embargo that kept them in line and froze Cuba out of direct trade with its barrio, collapsed,"" Guerra told PolitiFact.  Guerra further stated that multiple countries have a company in Cuba, including China, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy and Canada. Our ruling A Facebook claim stated that the U.S. embargo on Cuba blocks the country from trading with any country or company whatsoever. Embargo is the official term used by the U.S. government to describe the sanctions on Cuba. An expert pointed out that the term blockade is used by someone who believes the sanctions to be illegal due to its broad reach. Experts and evidence shows that Cuba can and has traded with other countries. While the nuances in the U.S. embargo can make it difficult for foreign companies to trade with the country, there is no evidence that they can’t. We rate this claim False.","https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-cuba-caribbean-be719de0907981dda3b6754435516d70,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=330541652046000&set=a.102830838150417&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-business-health-cuba-53b679e5500247f8bf6195b692015605,https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/faqs/topic/1541,https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-cuba-relations?gclid=CjwKCAjw3MSHBhB3EiwAxcaEu-w3ecxI11M22YuP4Ya8SkxYMTwxAqFjFvxCUs9XQVgl0G2NNqXikRoCofwQAvD_BwE,https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-3447-embargo-all-trade-with-cuba,https://www.state.gov/state-sponsors-of-terrorism/,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-usa/obama-eases-restrictions-on-cuba-lifts-limits-on-rum-and-cigars-idUSKBN12E1H3,https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/trumpometer/promise/1378/reverse-barack-obamas-cuba-policy/,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/11/politics/trump-administration-cuba-state-sponsor-terrorism-intl/index.html,https://oec.world/en/profile/country/cub,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-venezuela-trade/cuban-trade-with-venezuela-plunges-over-two-years-idUSKCN1AV23C,https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2019-07-11/cubas-dependency-on-venezuela-makes-it-vulnerable-to-economic-turmoil,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/02/instagram-posts/no-make-wish-foundation-isnt-granting-wishes-only-/,https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R46791.pdf,https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2019/05/under-helms-burton-act",Cuba can trade with other countries. But here’s some context,"National,Human Rights,Foreign Policy,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,National,Human Rights,Foreign Policy,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, -23,,,,False,Ciara O'Rourke,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/ciara-orourke/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/viral-image/image-flooded-car-altered-include-sticker-critical/,A car flooded in Germany had a sticker critical of Greta Thunberg.,2021-07-17,politifact,,"More than 150 people died in Germany and Belgium after heavy rains flooded parts of Western Europe. But an image of a car submerged in water that has been shared on social media was doctored to include a sticker critical of Swedish environmental activist Greta Thunberg, who has attributed such extreme weather events to climate change.  ""In Germany, a denier provides a bit of amusement for Greta,"" reads one Facebook post sharing the picture of the BMW with a ""f--- you Greta"" sticker in the window. This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) A reverse image search of the picture shows that the original, taken by photographer David Young, does not include that sticker.  Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on July 10, 2021 in a postCarbon dioxide “is not a problem. The Earth has more than enough land and ocean plant life to metabolize it.”By Monique Curet • July 15, 2021 One Twitter user shared a photo of the car from a different angle and there’s no sticker. ""Deadly heatwaves, floods, storms, wildfires, droughts, crop failures… This is not ‘the new normal,’"" Thunberg tweeted on July 15. ""We’re at the very beginning of a climate and ecological emergency, and extreme weather events will only become more and more frequent. #FaceTheCimateEmergency.""  We rate this post False.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/16/europe-flooding-deaths-germany-belgium/,https://archive.is/Ul3dV,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.bild.de/auto/service/service/hochwasser-schaeden-am-auto-welche-versicherung-zahlt-65678570.bild.html,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/15/facebook-posts/yes-excess-carbon-dioxide-atmosphere-problem-earth/,https://twitter.com/f_stiebeling/status/1416064196391882774?s=20,https://twitter.com/gretathunberg/status/1415600846356819971",Image of flooded car altered to include sticker critical of climate activist Greta Thunberg,"Climate Change,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Climate Change,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, -24,,,,False,Tom Kertscher,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/tom-kertscher/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/19/donald-trump/no-evidence-74000-ariz-mail-ballots-cast-2020-elec/,"Says that in the 2020 presidential election in Maricopa County, Ariz., ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'""",2021-07-15,politifact,,"Persisting in the quest to dispute his loss in the 2020 presidential election, former President Donald Trump claimed that tens of thousands of mail-in ballots in Maricopa County, Ariz., were improperly counted without a record of them having been sent to voters. In a statement on July 15, the day the GOP-controlled Arizona Senate held a hearing on an ongoing partisan audit of the county’s election processes, Trump said:  ""While this, according to the Senate, is preliminary, with results being announced at a later date, it seems that 74,243 Mail-In Ballots were counted with ‘no clear record of them being sent.’"" This and other audit findings, he claimed, showed Biden didn’t win Arizona or other battleground states.  Trump’s claim stems from remarks at the hearing made by Doug Logan, head of Cyber Ninjas, a company that was hired by Arizona Senate Republicans to conduct the audit. Logan was part of the ""stop the steal"" conspiracy theories about the election that culminated in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack. Cyber Ninjas has no prior experience auditing elections. At the hearing, Logan indicated that a clerical error could explain the 74,243 figure. He said: ""We have 74,243 mail-in ballots where there is no clear record of their being sent. ... That could be something where documentation wasn't done right — there was a clerical issue, there's not proper things there — but I think when we've got 74,000, it merits, you know, knocking on a door and validating some of this information."" Knocking on a door is a reference to the auditors’ suggestion that voters be visited door to door as part of the audit. Logan claimed that what are known as EV32 files are ""supposed to give a record of when a mail-in ballot is sent"" and EV33 files are ""supposed to give a record of when the mail-in ballot is received."" In fact, the two documents aren’t just for mailed ballots, and they capture only a limited time period. The EV32 file includes all requests that voters make for early ballots, either by mail or in person, up to 11 days before Election Day, and the EV33 file includes returned early ballots up to the Monday before Election Day, the Associated Press reported. That means there is a 10-day period between the final day of each report, during which thousands of mail-in votes are submitted and thousands of additional voters go to early-voting centers, request ballots in person and submit them. Furthermore, the files don’t include any early ballots that came in on Election Day. Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 29, 2021 in a Facebook post“Military ready to act on audit results!” in ArizonaBy Amy Sherman • June 29, 2021 Maricopa County responded to Logan’s claim via Twitter, suggesting that the auditor didn’t understand early voting and used the wrong reports to calculate the number of ballots sent out by mail. Because early voting can be done by mail or in-person, where ballots are provided at the location where voters vote, ""it's not unusual that we would have more early votes than mail-in ballots sent,"" the county said. The county said the two files  ""are not the proper files to refer to for a complete accumulating of all early ballots sent and received."" There’s no evidence that any mail-in ballots were improperly counted. Joe Biden won Arizona by about 10,000 votes, flipping the state after Trump’s win in 2016. Findings of the audit, which began in April, will not affect the  election outcome, because the results were already certified by state officials and accepted by Congress. The state is one battleground where Trump and his allies have spread the baseless allegation that the election was stolen by Democrats. Maricopa County, home to Phoenix, has the most registered voters in the state.  We rated False a claim by Trump, citing the audit, that ""the entire database of Maricopa County"" was deleted. We also fact-checked a  False Trump claim that the audit exposed fraud. Trump’s office didn’t respond to a request for comment. Our ruling Trump said that in the 2020 presidential election in Maricopa County, Ariz., ""74,243 mail-in ballots were counted with 'no clear record of them being sent.'"" Maricopa County says that because early voting is done in person as well as by mail, it’s not surprising that there would be more early votes counted than mail-ballots sent out. The county also said auditors used the wrong files in trying to calculate how many early ballots were sent and received. We rate Trump’s claim False.","https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/statement-by-donald-j-trump-45th-president-of-the-united-states-of-america-07.15.21-08,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/may/04/ask-politifact-why-are-arizona-republicans-auditin/,https://www.azmirror.com/2021/03/31/arizona-senate-hires-a-stop-the-steal-advocate-to-lead-2020-election-audit/,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/arizona-election-audit-need-information-report-results/,https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-arizona-ap-fact-check-election-2020-campaign-2016-f0c36df59ee1069d65aa6a70a22d88cc,https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-arizona-ap-fact-check-election-2020-campaign-2016-f0c36df59ee1069d65aa6a70a22d88cc,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/facebook-posts/no-evidence-military-ready-act-arizona-ballot-revi/,https://twitter.com/maricopacounty/status/1415834656528764932,https://azsos.gov/sites/default/files/State_Voter_Registration_2020_General.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/may/19/donald-trump/no-proof-trump-claim-database-2020-election-ariz-w/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/09/donald-trump/trump-falsely-implies-arizona-audit-has-exposed-fr/",Trump claim about Ariz. mail-ballots is based on misunderstanding of early voting,"Arizona,Elections,Donald Trump,Arizona,Elections,Donald Trump",,,,, -25,,,,False,Kelsey Tamakloe,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/kelsey-tamakloe/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/facebook-posts/video-purporting-show-anti-vaccination-protest-fra/,Protest video shows “resistance” to “President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens.”,2021-07-14,politifact,,"A social media post makes false claims about a video showing tear gas and water cannons being used against protesters in the streets. The caption accompanying the video on the July 14 post said, ""Resistance begins to mount against President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens. #france."" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its news feed. (Read more about PolitiFact’s partnership with Facebook.) France has seen demonstrations against a new government policy announced by President Emmanuel Macron that requires vaccinations for all health care workers and offers people with proof of vaccination privileged access to certain activities. The policy does not mandate vaccines for all French citizens. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 But the protest shown in the Facebook video was not filmed in France. The video was captured at a demonstration in Nairobi, Kenya, that occurred July 14 in response to a local university’s decision to raise tuition fees.  The same video can be found on YouTube with the title, ""University of Nairobi Students demo against fee increment. Clashing with the police."" Reuters, through similar videos and a Google Street View, was able to confirm the location to be in Nairobi. We rate this claim False.","https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/15/coronavirus-latest-updates/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/coronavirus-latest-updates/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/kenyan-police-tear-gas-protesting-150855698.html,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeOtrxrmLWk&t=3s,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-nairobi-protest/fact-check-video-shows-protest-at-university-of-nairobi-in-kenya-not-2021-france-vaccination-protests-idUSL1N2OS1AK?fbclid=IwAR33SFVxoZCXgy50tPhePEqA7-ay4KLQuYbdPpi5HvjFqKKaY3xygS1B55k",Video purporting to show anti-vaccination protest in France is actually from Kenya,"Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts,Public Health,Facebook Fact-checks,Facebook posts",,,,, -26,,,,Pants on Fire,Katie Sanders,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/katie-sanders/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/viral-image/joe-biden-olivia-rodrigo-did-not-appear-press-brie/,An image shows President Joe Biden touching Olivia Rodrigo’s shoulders during a White House press briefing.,2021-07-15,politifact,,"Teen singer and actress Olivia Rodrigo visited the White House on July 14 to encourage younger Americans to get the COVID-19 vaccination. During her visit, she recorded videos for a social media push, met with President Joe Biden and Dr. Anthony Fauci, and dropped in on a White House press briefing. Rodrigo’s White House appearance sparked plenty of news headlines, fashion analysis and memes. But one manipulated photo on social media gave us déjà vu, because it was altered to make Biden look creepy. The photo came from Rodrigo’s drop-in at a White House press briefing with press secretary Jen Psaki, which lasted just a few minutes. In reality, Biden wasn’t there. But someone out there decided to photoshop Biden into the picture behind Rodrigo, squeezing her shoulders as Psaki looked on. ""Psaki face says it all,"" a Facebook user wrote July 15.  The photo was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) Featured Fact-checkFacebook postsstated on June 21, 2021 in a post on FacebookSays President John F. Kennedy said, “There are people in Washington, D.C., in positions of power to whom the border is just a nuisance, and I think some of them believe that illegal immigration is a moral good. It is not.”By Aaron Sharockman • June 22, 2021 Here’s a legitimate photo of Rodrigo and Psaki from the press briefing. (Here's a video.)  After a quick intro by Psaki, Rodrigo walked up the mic and told reporters how she was honored to speak up for the COVID-19 vaccines. ""I'm in awe of the work President Biden and Dr. Fauci have done and was happy to help lend my support to this important initiative,"" Rodrigo said. Biden wasn’t in the room. The ""Drivers License"" singer and the president met in a closed setting, later releasing this image from the Oval Office putting on aviators. View this post on Instagram A post shared by President Joe Biden (@potus) ""Thanks for stopping by, Olivia, and for using your voice to urge young people to get vaccinated,"" reads the caption from the POTUS Instagram account. The photo of Biden in the manipulated image appears to be lifted from a swearing-in ceremony for former Defense Secretary Ash Carter in 2015. His wife, Stephanie Carter, said Biden was squeezing her shoulders in support because she was ""uncharacteristically nervous,"" and the photo had been misconstrued. We rate this viral image Pants on Fire!  RELATED FACT-CHECK: Fact-checking the pedophilia attacks against Joe Biden","https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/olivia-rodrigo-white-house-outfit-details-1234882614/,https://junkee.com/olivia-rodrigo-white-house/301932,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2019/mar/14/viral-image/no-photo-doesnt-show-joe-biden-engaging-disturbing/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/facebook-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/22/facebook-posts/liberty-u-confuses-its-kennedys-louisiana-senator-/,https://nypost.com/2021/07/15/create-olivia-rodrigos-white-house-look-for-less-tweed-pumps-more/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK7uW2rf3S4,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/01/joe-biden-photo-shoulders-squeeze-stephanie-carter-response-latest,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/aug/12/facebook-posts/fact-checking-pedophilia-attacks-against-joe-biden/","Joe Biden, Olivia Rodrigo did not appear in press briefing together with Jen Psaki","Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image,Facebook Fact-checks,Viral image",,,,, -27,,,,False,Brandon Mulder,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/brandon-mulder/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/ted-cruz/laws-surrounding-arrests-texas-democrats-are-far-c/,"""There is clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators that are trying to stop the legislature from being able to do business.""",2021-07-13,politifact,,"On Tuesday morning, less than 24-hours after Texas Democratic legislators fled their home state to block passage of a GOP voting rights bill, USA Today reporter Savannah Behrmann caught up with U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, for his thoughts on the errant lawmakers.   It’s nothing but a political stunt that is doomed to fail, he said. And as soon as they return to the state he expects their immediate arrest, echoing a pledge made earlier this week by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott.   ""There is clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators that are trying to stop the Legislature from being able to do business,"" Cruz said in a hallway interview. And that ""clear legal authority"" is explicitly expressed in the state constitution, a fact he learned 18 years ago when state Democrats made their last exodus to thwart a GOP-backed congressional redistricting effort.   In 2003, before Cruz became a national household name, he was appointed to serve as the Texas Solicitor General by then-Attorney General Greg Abbott. That same year, Republicans’ redistricting plans were foiled when at least 50 Democratic state House members broke quorum and fled to Ardmore, Okla., forcing Texas Gov. Rick Perry to call a special session. During that special session, the Republican effort was scuttled again when 11 Democratic state senators made their own quorum-breaking getaway by fleeing to Albuquerque, N.M.  At the time, Speaker of the House Tom Craddick asked Abbott what legal authority the House has to arrest its absent Democratic colleagues. According to Cruz, that question was placed in Cruz's hands.   ""Abbott asked me. I researched it. It turns out the Texas Constitution has a provision that explicitly authorizes fleeing House members to be arrested,"" Cruz recalled Tuesday.  But Cruz’s interpretation of the constitution doesn’t appear to be shared by all.  Interpretations of the Texas Constitution  Article III, Sec. 10 of the state constitution provides little guidance for the situation at hand. In one short paragraph, the document states that the House can ""compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide.""  That language effectively grants authority over the handling of absent members to the Texas House Rules. Under the House rules, the remaining House members can issue a Motion for Call of the House, which directs the House's sergeant-at-arms to dispatch state police to find and return the missing members to secure a quorum.  ""All absentees for whom no sufficient excuse is made may, by order of a majority of those present, be sent for and arrested, wherever they may be found,"" Rule 5, Sec. 8 of the House rulebook states.   While the language uses the word ""arrest,"" there’s uncertainty about how this term is to be interpreted. Because none of these errant members have committed any crime, and the House cannot issue a criminal warrant for their arrest, they can’t be arrested in a criminal sense.  Although Cruz’s interpretation of the law finds that there is ""clear legal authority"" to handcuff Democratic lawmakers and put them ""in leg irons,"" others treat this as a gray area of the law.  The reason why this question lacks clarity is because this hypothetical set of circumstances has no judicial precedent in Texas, said Randall Erben, an adjunct professor at the University of Texas School of Law and former legislative director to Abbott. There has been no judicial interpretation of enforcement of Rule 5, Sec. 8 of the House rulebook, and thus no existing authority on the matter in Texas. ""I'm not going to argue with the junior senator about this, but what I'm saying is there's no precedent anywhere for any of this,"" Erben said. ""He may have found some authority someplace from somewhere, but it's not going to be relevant or on point to the interpretation by a court of competent jurisdiction, which under the Constitution is the only authority that anybody has to do this."" Featured Fact-checkTucker Carlsonstated on June 28, 2021 in a show“In Texas, the power companies have automatically raised the temperature of people's thermostats in the middle of a heatwave without their permission.""By Brandon Mulder • July 9, 2021 Cruz's office, which responded to questions after this article was first published, argued that the ""clear legal authority"" stems from the U.S. Constitution, which has a similar provision regarding absent lawmakers. Cruz spokesman Steve Guest points to a 1988 case in which an Oregon senator was brought into the senate chamber by police feet-first against his will.  Because there is no material difference between the language used in the U.S. Constitution and the Texas Constitution regarding absent lawmakers, Cruz's office argues that the 1988 case shows the extent to which officers can use force in returning lawmakers.  ""Pretending that the law doesn’t clearly allow for the arrest and potential physical compulsion of delinquent legislators is patently absurd,"" Guest said. Erben, however, said that the ultimate authority here rests in the Texas courts.   ""We’re in Texas. The only authority that’s relevant as far as a judicial review would be the Texas courts, and Texas courts have never ruled on anything about the enforcement of any House rule provision,"" Erben said.  The only time in Texas history where a lawmaker came close to facing arrest for absenteeism was in 1979. During that legislative session, an alliance of liberal senators known as the Killer Bees broke quorum for several days and evaded police by bunkering in an Austin garage. After several days, one senator, Gene Jones, left the garage to visit his granddaughter in Houston, prompting state police to search for him at his Houston home.   ""Photo in hand, they knocked on his door,"" recalled then-Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby. ""A man who looked a lot like the picture opened the door. The ranger asked him if he was Jones. He said, yes. They arrested him and took him to Austin. He was Jones all right, but not Gene Jones. They had arrested Gene’s brother, Clayton. When the knock came at the door, the senator had jumped over the back fence and stayed lost for another day.""  What does ‘arrest’ mean?  According to Sandra Thompson, a University of Houston law professor and director of the Criminal Justice Institute, the word ""arrest"" in the context of the House rules doesn’t grant officers an automatic right to use restraints or unreasonable levels of force. The use of restrains could only be used if a lawmaker posed a danger to public safety or to an officer’s safety.  ""In a situation like this, they don't even have a warrant for a criminal arrest,"" Thompson said. ""I think we really need to be thinking about this more in terms of an escort than trying to analogize it as a criminal situation.""  Both Thompson and Erben agree that absent legislators can be ordered to return to the House floor, but it’s not clear what would happen if that legislator refused compliance. The Texas Department of Public Safety did not respond to questions asking for the agency’s interpretation of the law.  ""It's at the extreme edge of parliamentary procedures,"" Thompson said. ""I don't imagine that there would be a situation where a legislator would forcibly resist. That could present a really sticky issue.""  ""Under the authority of the rules of the House, they can be made to come back into the chamber,"" Erben said. ""Now how that happens is up to every individual circumstance, every individual legislature, and every individual law enforcement officer if it comes to that.""  Our ruling  Cruz said that there is ""clear legal authority to handcuff and put in leg irons legislators"" who break quorum. The Texas House Rules states that absent lawmakers can ""be sent for and arrested, wherever they may be found."" But, because absent lawmakers aren’t charged with a crime, it’s unclear how the use of the word ""arrest"" should be interpreted in this context. This is because no Texas court has reviewed how this provision is to be enforced. Thus, there is no legal clarity.  We rate this claim False. Editor's note: This story has been updated to include comments from Cruz's office.","https://www.usatoday.com/staff/2646474001/savannah-behrmann/,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/tucker-carlson/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/09/tucker-carlson/tucker-carlson-distorts-texas-smart-thermostat-con/",Is there 'clear legal authority to handcuff' truant Texas Democrats?,"Texas,Ted Cruz,Texas,Ted Cruz",,,,, -28,,,,False,Sasha Hupka,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/sasha-hupka/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/16/facebook-posts/no-uc-san-francisco-not-harvesting-genitalia-murde/,"“Newly obtained emails show UCSF harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies.”",2021-07-06,politifact,,"Anti-abortion activists in San Francisco protested this week after Live Action, an anti-abortion nonprofit organization, released emails that they claim show researchers at University of California, San Francisco ""harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies."" The emails were publicized in a Facebook post on the group’s page and an accompanying article on the organization’s website. In the Facebook post, which was published on July 6 and shared more than 500 times, the group wrote that ""it’s time to outlaw abortion and criminally prosecute those who abuse the bodies of children."" The claims do not accurately represent how UCSF obtains and uses fetal tissue. But that did not stop activists from gathering at the San Francisco Department of Public Health on July 14. The protest was livestreamed on Live Action’s Facebook page, racking up 35,000 views. Holding signs that read ""end live dismemberment"" and ""human rights begin in the womb,"" activists chanted ""do no harm"" and ""UCSF, we know what you do."" Facebook flagged the posts as part of its efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed, so we decided to break down the claims. (Read more about PolitiFact California’s partnership with Facebook.) The emails Pro-Life San Francisco, an organization affiliated with Live Action, said it obtained emails between UCSF employees through the California Public Records Act, which requires government entities, including public universities, to make certain documents and records available to members of the public upon request. The emails appear to log the collection of fetal tissue, a standard practice in biomedical research. They list what type of fetal tissue was collected and the time and date. Genitalia are among the types of fetal tissue listed in the emails. In one email, a UCSF employee states that they collected tissue from three different fetuses: a ""testis [and] bladder,"" a ""penis [and] bladder"" and a ""clitoris, bladder [and] uterus."" Acquiring fetal tissue UCSF does conduct biomedical research using fetal tissue and has done so for decades — but the claim that they obtain it from murdered babies greatly distorts the truth and is not correct. In a statement to PolitiFact, UCSF officials said the tissue used for research comes from donations, which can happen after a woman miscarries, chooses to terminate a pregnancy for medical reasons or chooses to have an elective abortion. The officials asked not to be named because of safety concerns. ""Only tissue that has been donated may be used in research,"" officials said. ""Many women who choose to terminate or experience the loss of a pregnancy specifically ask whether they can make these donations."" When fetal tissue is donated to research as the result of an elective abortion, officials said donations are made with written consent from women after they have ""independently"" decided to terminate their pregnancy. ""The [Live Action] article inaccurately implies throughout, through words such as ‘procure’ and ‘harvest,’ that these abortions are being performed in order to obtain tissue, which is false,"" officials said. Live Actions’ article also claims that ""the labor induction abortion techniques used in these facilities to procure ‘fresh’ parts can result in live births as often as 50% of the time."" To support this claim, the article cites a study published in 2011 on abortion in the second trimester. Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 21, 2021 in an Instagram postmRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines was never tested in humans.By Tom Kertscher • June 25, 2021 That study applies only to medical abortions induced with misoprostol, a drug that causes the uterus to cramp and expel a fetus. Medical abortions make up more than a third of all abortions at over 8 weeks gestation in the United States. Typically, women are first given mifepristone, a drug that stops the absorption of progesterone in the womb, which fetuses need to survive. The study states that ""survival with misoprostol for labor induction abortion at greater than 18 weeks ranges from 0% to 50%."" It cites research from 2002 on using misoprostol to facilitate mid-trimester abortions to support the claim. In that study, women were given just misoprostol, without taking mifepristone beforehand.  The scientists behind that research note in the study that ""live birth is a potential complication of any mid-trimester medical induction,"" but that their research is ""limited"" by the study’s sample size, since 47 women participated and just 23 of them were treated with misoprostol. The end of the article encourages further research. UCSF offers medical abortions, among other reproductive health services, at a clinic called the Women’s Options Center. Healthcare workers at the clinic use both mifepristone and misoprostol, and UCSF officials said there has never been a live birth during an abortion procedure. Why collect genitalia? Fetal tissue is used for many different types of research that helps advance scientific understanding of fetal development and can lead to new drugs and cures for a variety of conditions. By examining and conducting research with fetal tissue, researchers at UCSF have been able to further understand how the urinary tract develops in men and women, how genital malformations occur and the impact of fetal environment on the development of male and female reproductive organs. ""Tissues that have been donated to research after a miscarriage or abortion can offer significant insights that researchers would not otherwise be able to learn and translate into treatments for a range of diseases and illnesses,"" officials said. For many years, researchers at UCSF also used fetal tissue to study HIV and test new drugs that could help treat the disease. That research was supported with money from the National Institutes of Health, funding which was halted in 2019 after President Donald Trump’s administration announced new restrictions on government dollars going to research involving human fetal tissue. UCSF officials said research with fetal tissue is conducted ""in full compliance with federal and state law, and within the ethical standards established by preeminent scientific societies and professional research associations."" Our rating Live Action’s posts claimed that UCSF is ""harvesting the clitorises, testicles and penises of murdered babies."" The emails Live Action cites are real and it is true that UCSF conducts biomedical research using human fetal tissue, including fetal tissue from the genitals. However, the social media posts suggest that UCSF is purposefully killing children to obtain this tissue, which is wildly misleading and inaccurate. The tissue used by UCSF scientists is donated by women who have miscarried, have terminated their pregnancies for medical reasons or have elected to have an abortion. In the case of elective abortions, women are only offered the option of donating fetal tissue after they have independently made the decision to terminate a pregnancy. Furthermore, in an article posted to Live Action’s website that accompanied their initial social media post, the group claims that abortion techniques used to obtain fetal tissue often result in live births, suggesting that healthcare workers obtain fetal tissue from live fetuses. Athough the group cites a scientific study to back up their claim, the study pertains only to abortions facilitated solely with misoprostol, a drug that causes the uterus to cramp and expel a fetus. At UCSF’s clinics, medical abortions are conducted using mifepristone, a feticidal drug, before misoprostol is administered to finish the abortion process. UCSF officials said there has never been a live birth during an abortion procedure at any of their clinics. UCSF’s biomedical research and acquisition of fetal tissue is legal and adheres to ethical guidelines. It is clear that Live Action’s posts take the university’s emails out of context and disregard the facts. Therefore, we rate this post False. FALSE – The statement is not accurate.","https://www.facebook.com/liveaction/posts/10159295922148728,https://www.liveaction.org/news/ucsf-callous-abortion-harvesting-exposed-records/?fbclid=IwAR0VIRS9xcvx2DdaVQAhHEXpO8xSvn9I5aTwmEDLc51bzztkZoXpwE6tV_w,https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1195095911008193,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.prolifesf.com/,https://oir.nih.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/sourcebook/documents/ethical_conduct/guidelines-biospecimen.pdf,https://irb.ucsf.edu/consent-guidance-gescr,https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/S0010-7824(11)00057-6/fulltext,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/25/instagram-posts/mrna-covid-19-vaccines-were-tested-humans-have-pro/,https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/67889,https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/UCSF-loses-contract-as-Trump-administration-13941523.php","No, UC San Francisco Is Not ‘Harvesting’ The Genitalia Of ‘Murdered Babies’","Abortion,Public Health,Science,Women,Facebook Fact-checks,California,Facebook posts,Abortion,Public Health,Science,Women,Facebook Fact-checks,California,Facebook posts",,,,, -29,,,,False,Monique Curet,,,politifact,https://www.politifact.com/staff/monique-curet/,http://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jul/15/facebook-posts/headlines-show-cnn-published-contradictory-reports/,Headlines show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.,2021-07-10,politifact,,"In the spring of 2020, when COVID-19 was coursing through the United States and the world, hydroxychloroquine became a household word as President Donald Trump touted the antimalaria drug for coronavirus patients and experts debated its efficacy. By summer, the Food and Drug Administration had revoked its authorization for hydroxychloroquine to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients and warned of serious health and safety issues. But interest in hydroxychloroquine persists. A study published in May — on a ""preprint"" website that publishes studies that have not been fully vetted — said hydroxychloroquine boosts survival in coronavirus patients. Trump has since claimed he was right all along about the drug, a claim we found questionable. In a viral Facebook post, social media users claimed that two headlines on stories by the same author show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in April and June 2020. The post, which juxtaposes images of the two headlines, was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The April headline said President Trump was ""wrong in so many ways"" about hydroxychloroquine, while the July headline said a study found that the drug ""helped coronavirus patients survive better."" The conflicting tone, the post author argues in the accompanying caption, represents a ""lie"" by the media meant to impugn Trump. The stories, though, did not contain conflicting information.  The April story addressed four specific claims Trump had made about hydroxychloroquine: when information would be available about whether the drug works against coronavirus; whether a French study of the drug was reputable; whether some people had tried to delay the trials of hydroxychloroquine; and whether the drug was safe for coronavirus patients.  Featured Fact-checkInstagram postsstated on June 23, 2021 in an Instagram postFuneral directors say “no one is dying from COVID” and ""the only ones dying are from the vaccine.""By Jason Asenso • June 29, 2021 The July story was about a different issue: the findings of a study by the Henry Ford Health System in Michigan about the survival rate for hospitalized patients who had been given hydroxychloroquine.     The only overlap between the two stories was the question of whether the drug is safe for coronavirus patients. The April story said that Trump called it safe, but that doctors said ""the drug can have serious side effects."" The July story said the Henry Ford study showed that hydroxychloroquine improved survival in hospitalized coronavirus patients, but it also detailed other researchers' skepticism about how the study was conducted.   For the July story, early versions of the headline matched the image in the Facebook post and said, ""Study finds hydroxychloroquine helped coronavirus patients survive better,"" according to our analysis of the CNN webpage through the Wayback Machine, an internet archive service. But later versions of the story had a longer headline that more clearly described the limitations of the study findings: ""Study finds hydroxychloroquine may have boosted survival, but other researchers have doubts.""  A year after the two CNN stories were published, hydroxychloroquine remains unproven as a treatment for coronavirus. A National Institutes of Health study published in November 2020, based on a randomized controlled trial — the highest standard of evidence — concluded that compared with a placebo, hydroxychloroquine provides no benefit to hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our ruling Social media users claimed in a Facebook post that the headlines on two stories by the same author show CNN published contradictory reports about hydroxychloroquine in 2020.  The April headline said President Trump was ""wrong in so many ways"" about hydroxychloroquine, while the July headline said a study found that the drug ""helped coronavirus patients survive better.""  But the stories did not contain conflicting information. The April story covered four specific claims by President Trump about hydroxychloroquine, and the July story was a report on study findings about the drug.  We rate the claim False.","https://www.fda.gov/media/138945/download,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/OSE%20Review_Hydroxychloroquine-Cholorquine%20-%2019May2020_Redacted.pdf,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/14/facebook-posts/post-overstates-studys-200-finding-hydroxychloroqu/,https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jun/14/donald-trumps-i-was-right-about-everything-fact-ch/,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10219948327074832&set=a.4233753678391&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/help/1952307158131536?helpref=related,https://www.politifact.com/personalities/instagram-posts/,https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/jun/29/instagram-posts/no-evidence-post-about-funeral-directors-seeing-de/,https://web.archive.org/web/20200703121551mp_/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/02/health/hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus-detroit-study/index.html,https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/02/health/hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus-detroit-study/index.html,https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/hydroxychloroquine-doesnt-benefit-hospitalized-covid-19-patients",Two CNN headlines aren’t proof of contradictory reports on hydroxychloroquine,"Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts,Facebook Fact-checks,Coronavirus,Facebook posts",,,,, +0,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/rep-jack-kimble-i-find-it-very-suspicious/,"@RepJackKimble (Rep. Jack Kimble) tweeted, ""I find it very suspicious that the virus now all of a sudden seems to be targeting people who didn't get that ridiculous vaccine. Has anybody else noticed this? Hmm, why is the virus only targeting those who stand up to government vaccination all of a sudden?""",2021-07-23,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged @repjackkimble, decontextualized, out of context, parody, rep jack kimble, satire, satirical twitter, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/repjackkimble/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/parody/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rep-jack-kimble/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satirical-twitter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Rep. Jack Kimble: ‘I Find It Very Suspicious …’,,,,,, +1,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/catholic-leader-who-wanted-to-deny-biden-communion-resigns-after-caught-using-gay-dating-app/,"A ""Catholic leader who wanted to deny Biden communion"" resigned after he was caught using a dating app.",2021-07-22,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, PoliticsTagged biden, biden communion, catholic, catholic church, church scandals, grindr, misleading, monsignor burrill, speculation, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/politics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden-communion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/catholic/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/catholic-church/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/church-scandals/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/grindr/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/monsignor-burrill/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/speculation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",‘Catholic Leader Who Wanted to Deny Biden Communion Resigns After...,,,,,, +2,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/doc-and-marty-made-it-to-2021/,"""Doc and Marty made it to 2021.""",2021-07-22,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged back to the future, decontextualized, doc and marty made it to 2021, imgur, instagram, reddit comments, viral facebook posts, viral reddit posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/back-to-the-future/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/doc-and-marty-made-it-to-2021/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/instagram/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/reddit-comments/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-reddit-posts/",‘Doc and Marty Made it to 2021’,,,,,, +3,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/in-tthe-cayman-islands-there-is-a-modest-five-story-building-that-is-home-to-18857-companies/,"""In the Cayman Islands, there is a modest five-story building that is home to 18,857 companies.""",2021-07-21,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, PoliticsTagged barack obama, bernie sanders, cayman islands, imgur, mitt romney, ro khanna, tax evasion, tax shelter, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/politics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/barack-obama/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/bernie-sanders/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cayman-islands/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mitt-romney/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ro-khanna/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tax-evasion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tax-shelter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","‘In the Cayman Islands, There Is a Modest Five-Story Building That...",,,,,, +4,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/abraham-lincoln-and-the-samurai-fax-machine/,"""There was a 22 year window in which a samurai could have sent a fax to Abraham Lincoln.""",2021-07-21,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged abraham lincoln, abraham lincoln samurai fax machine, fax machine, samurai, samurai sending a fax to abraham lincoln, technically true, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/abraham-lincoln/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/abraham-lincoln-samurai-fax-machine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/fax-machine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/samurai/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/samurai-sending-a-fax-to-abraham-lincoln/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/technically-true/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Abraham Lincoln and the Samurai Fax Machine,,,,,, +5,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/snapchat-plant-identifier/,"""If you focus your Snapchat camera on ANY plant & hold the screen it will tell you EXACTLY what that plant is.. DOPE. THE PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW THIS‼️🌳☘️🌵🌿🪴 (or maybe everyone already knew this & I’m just late & easily amused 🤔) PS: WORKS ON DOG BREEDS ALSO ‼️🤯""",2021-07-20,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged dog scanner, plantsnap, snapchat, snapchat plant identifier, snapchat plants, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dog-scanner/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/plantsnap/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat-plant-identifier/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat-plants/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Snapchat Plant Identifier,,,,,, +6,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/this-wenche-thikke/,"A Tumblr post includes an accurate excerpt from Canterbury Tales, including ""this wenche thikke"" and ""[I will not lie.]""",2021-07-20,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged canterbury tales, history memes, Tumblr, viral facebook posts, wenche thikke","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canterbury-tales/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/history-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tumblr/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/wenche-thikke/",‘This Wenche Thikke’,,,,,, +7,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/rep-matt-gaetz-says-if-democrats-pass-voting-bill-republicans-will-never-win-another-election/,"In July 2021, Rep. Matt Gaetz said if Democrats passed a voting rights bill, no Republicans would ever win an election again.",2021-07-19,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged for the people act, matt gaetz, matt gaetz republicans will never win another election, Rep. Matt Gaetz, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/for-the-people-act/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/matt-gaetz/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/matt-gaetz-republicans-will-never-win-another-election/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rep-matt-gaetz/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","Rep. Matt Gaetz Says if Democrats Pass Voting Bill, Republicans...",,,,,, +8,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/hundreds-of-cars-are-lined-up-along-hwy-18-into-mission-south-dakota-as-the-remains-of-native-children-were-returned-to-their-homelands/,"On July 16 2021, ""hundreds of cars lined up along Hwy 18 into Mission, South Dakota as the remains of Native children were returned to their homelands.""",2021-07-19,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged caravan for native children, residential school scandal, residential schools in the US, rosebud sioux children, sicangu, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/caravan-for-native-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/residential-school-scandal/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/residential-schools-in-the-us/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rosebud-sioux-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sicangu/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","‘Hundreds of Cars Are Lined Up Along Hwy 18 Into Mission, South...",,,,,, +9,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/canadian-peanut-butter-packaging/,Image shows Canadian peanut butter sold in a styrofoam tray.,2021-07-16,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged amish peanut butter, canadian peanut butter, canadian peanut butter packaging, deleted tweets, miscaptioned, mislabeled, out of context, viral facebook posts, viral images, viral reddit posts, viral tweets, why is canadian milk in bags","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/amish-peanut-butter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canadian-peanut-butter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canadian-peanut-butter-packaging/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/deleted-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/miscaptioned/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mislabeled/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-reddit-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/why-is-canadian-milk-in-bags/",‘Canadian Peanut Butter’ Packaging,,,,,, +10,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/captain-america-31-years-ago/,"A comic from 1990 contradicts actor Dean Cain's complaint about a newly ""woke"" Captain America.",2021-07-16,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged art out of context, captain america, captain america 31 years ago, daredevil 283, dean cain, drug war, imgur, latin america, viral clapbacks, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/captain-america/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/captain-america-31-years-ago/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/daredevil-283/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dean-cain/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/drug-war/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/latin-america/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-clapbacks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘Captain America 31 Years Ago’,,,,,, +11,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/were-cooks-the-largest-occupational-group-to-die-in-the-pandemic/,"""I wish Anthony Bourdain were alive today to articulate the insanity of living in a country where cooks were the largest occupational group to die in a pandemic and restaurant owners are pouting that nobody wants to work in restaurants anymore.""",2021-07-15,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged anthony bourdain, cooks excess mortality, excess mortality, imgur, largest occupational group to die cooks, ucsf, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/anthony-bourdain/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cooks-excess-mortality/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/excess-mortality/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/largest-occupational-group-to-die-cooks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ucsf/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Were Cooks the Largest Occupational Group to Die in the Pandemic?,,,,,, +12,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/this-picture-was-taken-in-1925-of-a-girl-visiting-her-twin-sisters-grave/,"""This picture was taken in 1925. Its of a girl visiting her twin sisters grave. The twin sister had died the previous year in a house fire. Parents saw her many times talking and playing with her twin sister after she has passed away. They thought it was just part of the grieving process, that is until this was developed.""",2021-07-15,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged after death communication, afterlife, art out of context, creepy images, ghost, imgur, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/after-death-communication/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/afterlife/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/creepy-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ghost/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/","‘This Picture Was Taken in 1925, Of a Girl Visiting Her Twin...",,,,,, +13,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/national-kool-aid-day-2021-and-mike-lindells-trump-return-claim/,"""My Pillow guy Mike Lindell says August 13th [2021] is the date that Donald Trump will be 'reinstated.' Do you know what else is on August 13th? NATIONAL KOOL-AID DAY. For real. It's the second Friday in August every year. You can't make this up.""",2021-07-14,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged august 13 trump reinstated, election conspiracies, imgur, memes, mike lindell, national kool aid day 2021, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/august-13-trump-reinstated/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/election-conspiracies/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mike-lindell/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/national-kool-aid-day-2021/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",National Kool Aid Day 2021 and Mike Lindell’s ‘Trump Return’ Claim,,,,,, +14,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/friendly-roast-in-2015-hrc-being-roasted/,"TikTok videos labeled ""Friendly Roast in 2015"" and ""HRC Being Roasted"" show then-candidate Donald Trump ""roasting"" Hillary Clinton in 2015.",2021-07-14,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged al smith dinner 2016, donald trump, hillary clinton, out of context, roasts, tiktok, viral facebook posts, viral tiktok posts, viral videos","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/al-smith-dinner-2016/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/donald-trump/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/hillary-clinton/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/roasts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tiktok/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tiktok-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-videos/","‘Friendly Roast in 2015,’ ‘HRC Being Roasted’",,,,,, +15,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/jaleel-white-and-purple-urkel/,"Image depicts Jaleel White (the actor who played Steve Urkel on Family Matters) promoting a cannabis strain called ""Purple Urkel"" with Snoop Dogg.",2021-07-13,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Entertainment, Fact ChecksTagged cannabis, jaleel white snoop dogg, purple urkel, snoop dogg, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/entertainment/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cannabis/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/jaleel-white-snoop-dogg/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/purple-urkel/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snoop-dogg/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Jaleel White and ‘Purple Urkel’,,,,,, +16,,,,Misattributed,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/finland-reindeer-reflective-paint-posts/,"A photograph Finland's reindeer with reflective antlers, painted to prevent roadway accidents.",2021-07-12,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged art out of context, finland, finland reindeer reflective paint, instagram, misleading, viral facebook posts, viral images","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/finland/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/finland-reindeer-reflective-paint/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/instagram/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/",Finland Reindeer Reflective Paint Posts,,,,,, +17,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/albert-einstein-lecturing-a-black-college-facebook-post/,"Albert Einstein spoke at Lincoln University in 1946, and said ""The separation of races is not a disease of colored people but a disease of white people. I do not intend to be quiet about it.""",2021-07-12,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged albert einstein, albert einstein quotes, albert einstein racism, einstein lincoln university, lost images, viral facebook posts, viral images","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein-quotes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein-racism/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/einstein-lincoln-university/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/lost-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/",Albert Einstein Lecturing a Black College Facebook Post,,,,,, +18,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/ogx-dmdm-hydantoin-facebook-post/,"Consumers should avoid OGX products due to the presence of DMDM hydantoin, as the brand was sued over its formulations.",2021-07-09,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged cosmetics, dmdm hydantoin, dmdm hydantoin ogx, does dmdm hydantoin cause hair loss, facebook warnings, formaldehyde, ogx, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cosmetics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dmdm-hydantoin/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dmdm-hydantoin-ogx/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/does-dmdm-hydantoin-cause-hair-loss/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/facebook-warnings/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/formaldehyde/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ogx/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",OGX DMDM Hydantoin Facebook Post,,,,,, +19,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/biden-admin-hhs-secretarys-absolutely-the-governments-business-vaccine-remarks/,"Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra said it is ""absolutely the government's business"" to know whether Americans are vaccinated.",2021-07-08,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged becerra knocking on doors, biden vaccine, cnn, decontextualized, misleading, out of context, steven crowder, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/becerra-knocking-on-doors/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden-vaccine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cnn/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/steven-crowder/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Biden Admin HHS Secretary’s ‘Absolutely the Government’s Business’...,,,,,, +20,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/sf-gay-mens-chorus-convert-your-children-song/,"San Francisco's (SF) Gay Men's chorus literally sang they'll ""convert your children"" or are ""coming for your children.""",2021-07-08,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged basically an outright lie, dinesh d'souza, rumble.com, sf gay mens chorus, sf gay mens chorus coming for your children, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/basically-an-outright-lie/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dinesh-dsouza/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rumble-com/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sf-gay-mens-chorus/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sf-gay-mens-chorus-coming-for-your-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",SF Gay Men’s Chorus ‘Convert Your Children’ Song,,,,,, +21,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/darnella-fraziers-uncle-killed-by-minneapolis-police/,"Darnella Frazier, the girl who filmed the murder of George Floyd, disclosed via Facebook that her uncle was killed by Minneapolis police in July 2021.",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged darnella frazier uncle, darnella frazier uncle MPD, imgur, leneal frazier, minneapolis, Minneapolis Police Department, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/darnella-frazier-uncle/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/darnella-frazier-uncle-mpd/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/leneal-frazier/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/minneapolis/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/minneapolis-police-department/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Darnella Frazier’s Uncle Killed by Minneapolis Police,,,,,, +22,,,,Mixed,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/the-pledge-of-allegiance-was-adopted-in-1923-the-star-spangled-banner-was-adopted-in-1929/,"""The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1923. The Star Spangled Banner was adopted in 1929. 'Under God' was added to the Pledge in 1954. 'In God We Trust' was added to our money in 1956. So no. They were not created by our Founding Fathers.""",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged founding fathers, history memes, in god we trust, in god we trust 1956, pledge of allegiance, pledge of allegiance 1923, star spangled banner, star spangled banner 1929, under god, under god 1954, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/founding-fathers/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/history-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/in-god-we-trust/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/in-god-we-trust-1956/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/pledge-of-allegiance/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/pledge-of-allegiance-1923/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/star-spangled-banner/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/star-spangled-banner-1929/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/under-god/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/under-god-1954/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/","The Pledge of Allegiance Was Adopted in 1923, the Star Spangled...",,,,,, +23,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/shacarri-richardson-rebecca-washington-replacement/,"Sprinter Sha'Carri Richardson will be replaced by a Mormon athlete, Rebecca Washington, on the U.S. Olympic Team",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged 2021 Summer Olympics, marijuana, olympics, running, Sha'Carri Richardson, twitter","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/2021-summer-olympics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/marijuana/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/olympics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/running/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/shacarri-richardson/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/twitter/",Is Rebecca Washington Replacing Sha’Carri Richardson on the U.S...,,,,,, +24,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/u-s-quietly-slips-out-of-afghanistan-in-dead-of-night-onion-story/,"In 2011, ten years before July 2021 news about the United States leaving Afghanistan in the dead of night, satirical outlet The Onion published a headline predicting it.",2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged Afghanistan, associated press, not satire, ostension, satire, the onion, the onion 10 years ago AP today, US Quietly Slips Out Of Afghanistan In Dead Of Night, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/afghanistan/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/associated-press/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/not-satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ostension/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/the-onion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/the-onion-10-years-ago-ap-today/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/us-quietly-slips-out-of-afghanistan-in-dead-of-night/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘U.S. Quietly Slips Out Of Afghanistan In Dead Of Night’ Onion Story,,,,,, +25,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/donald-rumsfeld-and-mount-misery/,"Former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld purchased Mount Misery, a house with a violent history.",2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged donald rumsfeld, frederick douglass, mount misery, rachel maddow, rumsfeld mount misery, viral facebook posts, viral videos","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/donald-rumsfeld/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/frederick-douglass/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mount-misery/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rachel-maddow/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rumsfeld-mount-misery/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-videos/",Donald Rumsfeld and Mount Misery,,,,,, +26,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/the-history-of-left-handedness/,A graph shows a sharp perceived rise in the number of left-handed people from approximately the 1920s onward.,2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged charts, left handed, left handed chart, LGBT, stat memes, transgender, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/charts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/left-handed/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/left-handed-chart/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/lgbt/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/stat-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/transgender/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘The History of Left-Handedness’,,,,,, +27,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/walmart-national-anthem-video/,"In July 2021, Walmart shoppers sand the national anthem in Haslet, Texas in July 2021.",2021-07-05,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged National Anthem, tiktok, viral facebook posts, viral tiktok posts, viral tweets, walmart, walmart national anthem","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/national-anthem/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tiktok/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tiktok-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/walmart/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/walmart-national-anthem/",Walmart ‘National Anthem’ Video,,,,,, +28,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/why-bill-cosby-was-released/,"Bill Cosby's conviction was overturned in June 2021 due to an error made by prosecutors, as detailed in a Facebook post.",2021-07-01,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged bill cosby, imgur, popehat, shaun king, viral facebook posts, why was bill cosby released","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/bill-cosby/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/popehat/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/shaun-king/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/why-was-bill-cosby-released/",Why Bill Cosby Was Released,,,,,, +29,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/white-house-press-secretary-jen-psaki-blames-gop-for-defunding-police/,"""White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki continued to promote her outrageous claim that Republicans are the ones who pushed for defunding the police yet, when pushed by a reporter on [June 30 2021], she was unable to name a single Republican who has ever championed defunding the police.""",2021-07-01,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged daily wire, Jen Psaki, misquotes, Psaki Blames GOP For Defunding Police But She Can’t Name 1 Republican Who Called For Defunding Police","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/daily-wire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/jen-psaki/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misquotes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/psaki-blames-gop-for-defunding-police-but-she-cant-name-1-republican-who-called-for-defunding-police/",‘White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki Blames GOP for Defunding...,,,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_truthorfiction.csv b/output_sample_truthorfiction.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2d40ae --- /dev/null +++ b/output_sample_truthorfiction.csv @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/rep-jack-kimble-i-find-it-very-suspicious/,"@RepJackKimble (Rep. Jack Kimble) tweeted, ""I find it very suspicious that the virus now all of a sudden seems to be targeting people who didn't get that ridiculous vaccine. Has anybody else noticed this? Hmm, why is the virus only targeting those who stand up to government vaccination all of a sudden?""",2021-07-23,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged @repjackkimble, decontextualized, out of context, parody, rep jack kimble, satire, satirical twitter, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/repjackkimble/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/parody/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rep-jack-kimble/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satirical-twitter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Rep. Jack Kimble: ‘I Find It Very Suspicious …’,,,,,, +1,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/catholic-leader-who-wanted-to-deny-biden-communion-resigns-after-caught-using-gay-dating-app/,"A ""Catholic leader who wanted to deny Biden communion"" resigned after he was caught using a dating app.",2021-07-22,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, PoliticsTagged biden, biden communion, catholic, catholic church, church scandals, grindr, misleading, monsignor burrill, speculation, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/politics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden-communion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/catholic/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/catholic-church/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/church-scandals/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/grindr/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/monsignor-burrill/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/speculation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",‘Catholic Leader Who Wanted to Deny Biden Communion Resigns After...,,,,,, +2,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/doc-and-marty-made-it-to-2021/,"""Doc and Marty made it to 2021.""",2021-07-22,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged back to the future, decontextualized, doc and marty made it to 2021, imgur, instagram, reddit comments, viral facebook posts, viral reddit posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/back-to-the-future/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/doc-and-marty-made-it-to-2021/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/instagram/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/reddit-comments/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-reddit-posts/",‘Doc and Marty Made it to 2021’,,,,,, +3,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/in-tthe-cayman-islands-there-is-a-modest-five-story-building-that-is-home-to-18857-companies/,"""In the Cayman Islands, there is a modest five-story building that is home to 18,857 companies.""",2021-07-21,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, PoliticsTagged barack obama, bernie sanders, cayman islands, imgur, mitt romney, ro khanna, tax evasion, tax shelter, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/politics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/barack-obama/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/bernie-sanders/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cayman-islands/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mitt-romney/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ro-khanna/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tax-evasion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tax-shelter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","‘In the Cayman Islands, There Is a Modest Five-Story Building That...",,,,,, +4,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/abraham-lincoln-and-the-samurai-fax-machine/,"""There was a 22 year window in which a samurai could have sent a fax to Abraham Lincoln.""",2021-07-21,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged abraham lincoln, abraham lincoln samurai fax machine, fax machine, samurai, samurai sending a fax to abraham lincoln, technically true, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/abraham-lincoln/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/abraham-lincoln-samurai-fax-machine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/fax-machine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/samurai/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/samurai-sending-a-fax-to-abraham-lincoln/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/technically-true/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Abraham Lincoln and the Samurai Fax Machine,,,,,, +5,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/snapchat-plant-identifier/,"""If you focus your Snapchat camera on ANY plant & hold the screen it will tell you EXACTLY what that plant is.. DOPE. THE PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW THIS‼️🌳☘️🌵🌿🪴 (or maybe everyone already knew this & I’m just late & easily amused 🤔) PS: WORKS ON DOG BREEDS ALSO ‼️🤯""",2021-07-20,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged dog scanner, plantsnap, snapchat, snapchat plant identifier, snapchat plants, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dog-scanner/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/plantsnap/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat-plant-identifier/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat-plants/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Snapchat Plant Identifier,,,,,, +6,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/this-wenche-thikke/,"A Tumblr post includes an accurate excerpt from Canterbury Tales, including ""this wenche thikke"" and ""[I will not lie.]""",2021-07-20,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged canterbury tales, history memes, Tumblr, viral facebook posts, wenche thikke","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canterbury-tales/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/history-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tumblr/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/wenche-thikke/",‘This Wenche Thikke’,,,,,, +7,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/rep-matt-gaetz-says-if-democrats-pass-voting-bill-republicans-will-never-win-another-election/,"In July 2021, Rep. Matt Gaetz said if Democrats passed a voting rights bill, no Republicans would ever win an election again.",2021-07-19,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged for the people act, matt gaetz, matt gaetz republicans will never win another election, Rep. Matt Gaetz, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/for-the-people-act/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/matt-gaetz/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/matt-gaetz-republicans-will-never-win-another-election/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rep-matt-gaetz/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","Rep. Matt Gaetz Says if Democrats Pass Voting Bill, Republicans...",,,,,, +8,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/hundreds-of-cars-are-lined-up-along-hwy-18-into-mission-south-dakota-as-the-remains-of-native-children-were-returned-to-their-homelands/,"On July 16 2021, ""hundreds of cars lined up along Hwy 18 into Mission, South Dakota as the remains of Native children were returned to their homelands.""",2021-07-19,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged caravan for native children, residential school scandal, residential schools in the US, rosebud sioux children, sicangu, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/caravan-for-native-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/residential-school-scandal/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/residential-schools-in-the-us/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rosebud-sioux-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sicangu/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","‘Hundreds of Cars Are Lined Up Along Hwy 18 Into Mission, South...",,,,,, +9,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/canadian-peanut-butter-packaging/,Image shows Canadian peanut butter sold in a styrofoam tray.,2021-07-16,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged amish peanut butter, canadian peanut butter, canadian peanut butter packaging, deleted tweets, miscaptioned, mislabeled, out of context, viral facebook posts, viral images, viral reddit posts, viral tweets, why is canadian milk in bags","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/amish-peanut-butter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canadian-peanut-butter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canadian-peanut-butter-packaging/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/deleted-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/miscaptioned/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mislabeled/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-reddit-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/why-is-canadian-milk-in-bags/",‘Canadian Peanut Butter’ Packaging,,,,,, +10,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/captain-america-31-years-ago/,"A comic from 1990 contradicts actor Dean Cain's complaint about a newly ""woke"" Captain America.",2021-07-16,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged art out of context, captain america, captain america 31 years ago, daredevil 283, dean cain, drug war, imgur, latin america, viral clapbacks, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/captain-america/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/captain-america-31-years-ago/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/daredevil-283/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dean-cain/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/drug-war/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/latin-america/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-clapbacks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘Captain America 31 Years Ago’,,,,,, +11,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/were-cooks-the-largest-occupational-group-to-die-in-the-pandemic/,"""I wish Anthony Bourdain were alive today to articulate the insanity of living in a country where cooks were the largest occupational group to die in a pandemic and restaurant owners are pouting that nobody wants to work in restaurants anymore.""",2021-07-15,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged anthony bourdain, cooks excess mortality, excess mortality, imgur, largest occupational group to die cooks, ucsf, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/anthony-bourdain/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cooks-excess-mortality/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/excess-mortality/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/largest-occupational-group-to-die-cooks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ucsf/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Were Cooks the Largest Occupational Group to Die in the Pandemic?,,,,,, +12,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/this-picture-was-taken-in-1925-of-a-girl-visiting-her-twin-sisters-grave/,"""This picture was taken in 1925. Its of a girl visiting her twin sisters grave. The twin sister had died the previous year in a house fire. Parents saw her many times talking and playing with her twin sister after she has passed away. They thought it was just part of the grieving process, that is until this was developed.""",2021-07-15,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged after death communication, afterlife, art out of context, creepy images, ghost, imgur, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/after-death-communication/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/afterlife/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/creepy-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ghost/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/","‘This Picture Was Taken in 1925, Of a Girl Visiting Her Twin...",,,,,, +13,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/national-kool-aid-day-2021-and-mike-lindells-trump-return-claim/,"""My Pillow guy Mike Lindell says August 13th [2021] is the date that Donald Trump will be 'reinstated.' Do you know what else is on August 13th? NATIONAL KOOL-AID DAY. For real. It's the second Friday in August every year. You can't make this up.""",2021-07-14,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged august 13 trump reinstated, election conspiracies, imgur, memes, mike lindell, national kool aid day 2021, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/august-13-trump-reinstated/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/election-conspiracies/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mike-lindell/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/national-kool-aid-day-2021/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",National Kool Aid Day 2021 and Mike Lindell’s ‘Trump Return’ Claim,,,,,, +14,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/friendly-roast-in-2015-hrc-being-roasted/,"TikTok videos labeled ""Friendly Roast in 2015"" and ""HRC Being Roasted"" show then-candidate Donald Trump ""roasting"" Hillary Clinton in 2015.",2021-07-14,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged al smith dinner 2016, donald trump, hillary clinton, out of context, roasts, tiktok, viral facebook posts, viral tiktok posts, viral videos","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/al-smith-dinner-2016/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/donald-trump/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/hillary-clinton/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/roasts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tiktok/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tiktok-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-videos/","‘Friendly Roast in 2015,’ ‘HRC Being Roasted’",,,,,, +15,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/jaleel-white-and-purple-urkel/,"Image depicts Jaleel White (the actor who played Steve Urkel on Family Matters) promoting a cannabis strain called ""Purple Urkel"" with Snoop Dogg.",2021-07-13,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Entertainment, Fact ChecksTagged cannabis, jaleel white snoop dogg, purple urkel, snoop dogg, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/entertainment/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cannabis/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/jaleel-white-snoop-dogg/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/purple-urkel/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snoop-dogg/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Jaleel White and ‘Purple Urkel’,,,,,, +16,,,,Misattributed,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/finland-reindeer-reflective-paint-posts/,"A photograph Finland's reindeer with reflective antlers, painted to prevent roadway accidents.",2021-07-12,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged art out of context, finland, finland reindeer reflective paint, instagram, misleading, viral facebook posts, viral images","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/finland/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/finland-reindeer-reflective-paint/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/instagram/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/",Finland Reindeer Reflective Paint Posts,,,,,, +17,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/albert-einstein-lecturing-a-black-college-facebook-post/,"Albert Einstein spoke at Lincoln University in 1946, and said ""The separation of races is not a disease of colored people but a disease of white people. I do not intend to be quiet about it.""",2021-07-12,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged albert einstein, albert einstein quotes, albert einstein racism, einstein lincoln university, lost images, viral facebook posts, viral images","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein-quotes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein-racism/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/einstein-lincoln-university/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/lost-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/",Albert Einstein Lecturing a Black College Facebook Post,,,,,, +18,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/ogx-dmdm-hydantoin-facebook-post/,"Consumers should avoid OGX products due to the presence of DMDM hydantoin, as the brand was sued over its formulations.",2021-07-09,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged cosmetics, dmdm hydantoin, dmdm hydantoin ogx, does dmdm hydantoin cause hair loss, facebook warnings, formaldehyde, ogx, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cosmetics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dmdm-hydantoin/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dmdm-hydantoin-ogx/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/does-dmdm-hydantoin-cause-hair-loss/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/facebook-warnings/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/formaldehyde/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ogx/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",OGX DMDM Hydantoin Facebook Post,,,,,, +19,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/biden-admin-hhs-secretarys-absolutely-the-governments-business-vaccine-remarks/,"Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra said it is ""absolutely the government's business"" to know whether Americans are vaccinated.",2021-07-08,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged becerra knocking on doors, biden vaccine, cnn, decontextualized, misleading, out of context, steven crowder, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/becerra-knocking-on-doors/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden-vaccine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cnn/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/steven-crowder/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Biden Admin HHS Secretary’s ‘Absolutely the Government’s Business’...,,,,,, +20,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/sf-gay-mens-chorus-convert-your-children-song/,"San Francisco's (SF) Gay Men's chorus literally sang they'll ""convert your children"" or are ""coming for your children.""",2021-07-08,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged basically an outright lie, dinesh d'souza, rumble.com, sf gay mens chorus, sf gay mens chorus coming for your children, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/basically-an-outright-lie/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dinesh-dsouza/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rumble-com/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sf-gay-mens-chorus/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sf-gay-mens-chorus-coming-for-your-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",SF Gay Men’s Chorus ‘Convert Your Children’ Song,,,,,, +21,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/darnella-fraziers-uncle-killed-by-minneapolis-police/,"Darnella Frazier, the girl who filmed the murder of George Floyd, disclosed via Facebook that her uncle was killed by Minneapolis police in July 2021.",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged darnella frazier uncle, darnella frazier uncle MPD, imgur, leneal frazier, minneapolis, Minneapolis Police Department, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/darnella-frazier-uncle/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/darnella-frazier-uncle-mpd/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/leneal-frazier/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/minneapolis/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/minneapolis-police-department/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Darnella Frazier’s Uncle Killed by Minneapolis Police,,,,,, +22,,,,Mixed,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/the-pledge-of-allegiance-was-adopted-in-1923-the-star-spangled-banner-was-adopted-in-1929/,"""The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1923. The Star Spangled Banner was adopted in 1929. 'Under God' was added to the Pledge in 1954. 'In God We Trust' was added to our money in 1956. So no. They were not created by our Founding Fathers.""",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged founding fathers, history memes, in god we trust, in god we trust 1956, pledge of allegiance, pledge of allegiance 1923, star spangled banner, star spangled banner 1929, under god, under god 1954, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/founding-fathers/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/history-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/in-god-we-trust/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/in-god-we-trust-1956/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/pledge-of-allegiance/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/pledge-of-allegiance-1923/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/star-spangled-banner/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/star-spangled-banner-1929/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/under-god/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/under-god-1954/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/","The Pledge of Allegiance Was Adopted in 1923, the Star Spangled...",,,,,, +23,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/shacarri-richardson-rebecca-washington-replacement/,"Sprinter Sha'Carri Richardson will be replaced by a Mormon athlete, Rebecca Washington, on the U.S. Olympic Team",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged 2021 Summer Olympics, marijuana, olympics, running, Sha'Carri Richardson, twitter","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/2021-summer-olympics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/marijuana/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/olympics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/running/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/shacarri-richardson/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/twitter/",Is Rebecca Washington Replacing Sha’Carri Richardson on the U.S...,,,,,, +24,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/u-s-quietly-slips-out-of-afghanistan-in-dead-of-night-onion-story/,"In 2011, ten years before July 2021 news about the United States leaving Afghanistan in the dead of night, satirical outlet The Onion published a headline predicting it.",2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged Afghanistan, associated press, not satire, ostension, satire, the onion, the onion 10 years ago AP today, US Quietly Slips Out Of Afghanistan In Dead Of Night, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/afghanistan/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/associated-press/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/not-satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ostension/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/the-onion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/the-onion-10-years-ago-ap-today/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/us-quietly-slips-out-of-afghanistan-in-dead-of-night/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘U.S. Quietly Slips Out Of Afghanistan In Dead Of Night’ Onion Story,,,,,, +25,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/donald-rumsfeld-and-mount-misery/,"Former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld purchased Mount Misery, a house with a violent history.",2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged donald rumsfeld, frederick douglass, mount misery, rachel maddow, rumsfeld mount misery, viral facebook posts, viral videos","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/donald-rumsfeld/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/frederick-douglass/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mount-misery/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rachel-maddow/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rumsfeld-mount-misery/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-videos/",Donald Rumsfeld and Mount Misery,,,,,, +26,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/the-history-of-left-handedness/,A graph shows a sharp perceived rise in the number of left-handed people from approximately the 1920s onward.,2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged charts, left handed, left handed chart, LGBT, stat memes, transgender, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/charts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/left-handed/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/left-handed-chart/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/lgbt/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/stat-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/transgender/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘The History of Left-Handedness’,,,,,, +27,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/walmart-national-anthem-video/,"In July 2021, Walmart shoppers sand the national anthem in Haslet, Texas in July 2021.",2021-07-05,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged National Anthem, tiktok, viral facebook posts, viral tiktok posts, viral tweets, walmart, walmart national anthem","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/national-anthem/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tiktok/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tiktok-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/walmart/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/walmart-national-anthem/",Walmart ‘National Anthem’ Video,,,,,, +28,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/why-bill-cosby-was-released/,"Bill Cosby's conviction was overturned in June 2021 due to an error made by prosecutors, as detailed in a Facebook post.",2021-07-01,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged bill cosby, imgur, popehat, shaun king, viral facebook posts, why was bill cosby released","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/bill-cosby/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/popehat/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/shaun-king/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/why-was-bill-cosby-released/",Why Bill Cosby Was Released,,,,,, +29,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/white-house-press-secretary-jen-psaki-blames-gop-for-defunding-police/,"""White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki continued to promote her outrageous claim that Republicans are the ones who pushed for defunding the police yet, when pushed by a reporter on [June 30 2021], she was unable to name a single Republican who has ever championed defunding the police.""",2021-07-01,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged daily wire, Jen Psaki, misquotes, Psaki Blames GOP For Defunding Police But She Can’t Name 1 Republican Who Called For Defunding Police","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/daily-wire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/jen-psaki/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misquotes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/psaki-blames-gop-for-defunding-police-but-she-cant-name-1-republican-who-called-for-defunding-police/",‘White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki Blames GOP for Defunding...,,,,,, From d1eab02d2d332dda032eae6479bca6b75458a907 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Mon, 26 Jul 2021 17:30:07 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/13] #15 update example CSV file + fix take into account maxclaims + ignore local dev file --- .gitignore | 4 +- claim_extractor/extractors/checkyourfact.py | 5 +- output_got.csv | 69 ++++++++++++--------- output_sample_checkyourfact.csv | 40 ++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) create mode 100644 output_sample_checkyourfact.csv diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index d097921..c10d095 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -18,11 +18,13 @@ VishvasnewsFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log SnopesFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log EuvsdisinfoFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log PolitifactFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +TruthorfictionFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +CheckyourfactFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log output_dev_fatabyyano.csv output_dev_vishvasnews.csv output_dev_aap.csv output_dev_fullfact.csv output_dev_snopes.csv output_dev_politifact.csv -TruthorfictionFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log output_dev_truthorfiction.csv +output_dev_checkyourfact.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/checkyourfact.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/checkyourfact.py index d44e82c..f086fd6 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/checkyourfact.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/checkyourfact.py @@ -19,11 +19,14 @@ def retrieve_listing_page_urls(self) -> List[str]: return ["https://checkyourfact.com/page/1/"] def find_page_count(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup) -> int: - count = 26 + count = 1 url = "https://checkyourfact.com/page/" + str(count + 1) result = caching.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=10) if result: while result: + # each page 20 articles: + if (((count+1)*20)-20 >= self.configuration.maxClaims): + break count += 1 url = "https://checkyourfact.com/page/" + str(count) result = caching.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=10) diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index d2d40ae..0591060 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,31 +1,40 @@ ,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/rep-jack-kimble-i-find-it-very-suspicious/,"@RepJackKimble (Rep. Jack Kimble) tweeted, ""I find it very suspicious that the virus now all of a sudden seems to be targeting people who didn't get that ridiculous vaccine. Has anybody else noticed this? Hmm, why is the virus only targeting those who stand up to government vaccination all of a sudden?""",2021-07-23,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged @repjackkimble, decontextualized, out of context, parody, rep jack kimble, satire, satirical twitter, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/repjackkimble/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/parody/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rep-jack-kimble/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satirical-twitter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Rep. Jack Kimble: ‘I Find It Very Suspicious …’,,,,,, -1,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/catholic-leader-who-wanted-to-deny-biden-communion-resigns-after-caught-using-gay-dating-app/,"A ""Catholic leader who wanted to deny Biden communion"" resigned after he was caught using a dating app.",2021-07-22,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, PoliticsTagged biden, biden communion, catholic, catholic church, church scandals, grindr, misleading, monsignor burrill, speculation, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/politics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden-communion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/catholic/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/catholic-church/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/church-scandals/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/grindr/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/monsignor-burrill/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/speculation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",‘Catholic Leader Who Wanted to Deny Biden Communion Resigns After...,,,,,, -2,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/doc-and-marty-made-it-to-2021/,"""Doc and Marty made it to 2021.""",2021-07-22,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged back to the future, decontextualized, doc and marty made it to 2021, imgur, instagram, reddit comments, viral facebook posts, viral reddit posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/back-to-the-future/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/doc-and-marty-made-it-to-2021/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/instagram/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/reddit-comments/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-reddit-posts/",‘Doc and Marty Made it to 2021’,,,,,, -3,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/in-tthe-cayman-islands-there-is-a-modest-five-story-building-that-is-home-to-18857-companies/,"""In the Cayman Islands, there is a modest five-story building that is home to 18,857 companies.""",2021-07-21,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, PoliticsTagged barack obama, bernie sanders, cayman islands, imgur, mitt romney, ro khanna, tax evasion, tax shelter, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/politics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/barack-obama/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/bernie-sanders/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cayman-islands/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mitt-romney/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ro-khanna/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tax-evasion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tax-shelter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","‘In the Cayman Islands, There Is a Modest Five-Story Building That...",,,,,, -4,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/abraham-lincoln-and-the-samurai-fax-machine/,"""There was a 22 year window in which a samurai could have sent a fax to Abraham Lincoln.""",2021-07-21,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged abraham lincoln, abraham lincoln samurai fax machine, fax machine, samurai, samurai sending a fax to abraham lincoln, technically true, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/abraham-lincoln/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/abraham-lincoln-samurai-fax-machine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/fax-machine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/samurai/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/samurai-sending-a-fax-to-abraham-lincoln/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/technically-true/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Abraham Lincoln and the Samurai Fax Machine,,,,,, -5,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/snapchat-plant-identifier/,"""If you focus your Snapchat camera on ANY plant & hold the screen it will tell you EXACTLY what that plant is.. DOPE. THE PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW THIS‼️🌳☘️🌵🌿🪴 (or maybe everyone already knew this & I’m just late & easily amused 🤔) PS: WORKS ON DOG BREEDS ALSO ‼️🤯""",2021-07-20,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged dog scanner, plantsnap, snapchat, snapchat plant identifier, snapchat plants, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dog-scanner/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/plantsnap/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat-plant-identifier/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snapchat-plants/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Snapchat Plant Identifier,,,,,, -6,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/this-wenche-thikke/,"A Tumblr post includes an accurate excerpt from Canterbury Tales, including ""this wenche thikke"" and ""[I will not lie.]""",2021-07-20,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged canterbury tales, history memes, Tumblr, viral facebook posts, wenche thikke","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canterbury-tales/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/history-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tumblr/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/wenche-thikke/",‘This Wenche Thikke’,,,,,, -7,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/rep-matt-gaetz-says-if-democrats-pass-voting-bill-republicans-will-never-win-another-election/,"In July 2021, Rep. Matt Gaetz said if Democrats passed a voting rights bill, no Republicans would ever win an election again.",2021-07-19,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged for the people act, matt gaetz, matt gaetz republicans will never win another election, Rep. Matt Gaetz, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/for-the-people-act/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/matt-gaetz/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/matt-gaetz-republicans-will-never-win-another-election/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rep-matt-gaetz/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","Rep. Matt Gaetz Says if Democrats Pass Voting Bill, Republicans...",,,,,, -8,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/hundreds-of-cars-are-lined-up-along-hwy-18-into-mission-south-dakota-as-the-remains-of-native-children-were-returned-to-their-homelands/,"On July 16 2021, ""hundreds of cars lined up along Hwy 18 into Mission, South Dakota as the remains of Native children were returned to their homelands.""",2021-07-19,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged caravan for native children, residential school scandal, residential schools in the US, rosebud sioux children, sicangu, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/caravan-for-native-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/residential-school-scandal/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/residential-schools-in-the-us/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rosebud-sioux-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sicangu/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/","‘Hundreds of Cars Are Lined Up Along Hwy 18 Into Mission, South...",,,,,, -9,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/canadian-peanut-butter-packaging/,Image shows Canadian peanut butter sold in a styrofoam tray.,2021-07-16,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged amish peanut butter, canadian peanut butter, canadian peanut butter packaging, deleted tweets, miscaptioned, mislabeled, out of context, viral facebook posts, viral images, viral reddit posts, viral tweets, why is canadian milk in bags","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/amish-peanut-butter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canadian-peanut-butter/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/canadian-peanut-butter-packaging/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/deleted-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/miscaptioned/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mislabeled/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-reddit-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/why-is-canadian-milk-in-bags/",‘Canadian Peanut Butter’ Packaging,,,,,, -10,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/captain-america-31-years-ago/,"A comic from 1990 contradicts actor Dean Cain's complaint about a newly ""woke"" Captain America.",2021-07-16,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged art out of context, captain america, captain america 31 years ago, daredevil 283, dean cain, drug war, imgur, latin america, viral clapbacks, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/captain-america/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/captain-america-31-years-ago/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/daredevil-283/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dean-cain/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/drug-war/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/latin-america/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-clapbacks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘Captain America 31 Years Ago’,,,,,, -11,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/were-cooks-the-largest-occupational-group-to-die-in-the-pandemic/,"""I wish Anthony Bourdain were alive today to articulate the insanity of living in a country where cooks were the largest occupational group to die in a pandemic and restaurant owners are pouting that nobody wants to work in restaurants anymore.""",2021-07-15,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged anthony bourdain, cooks excess mortality, excess mortality, imgur, largest occupational group to die cooks, ucsf, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/anthony-bourdain/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cooks-excess-mortality/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/excess-mortality/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/largest-occupational-group-to-die-cooks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ucsf/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Were Cooks the Largest Occupational Group to Die in the Pandemic?,,,,,, -12,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/this-picture-was-taken-in-1925-of-a-girl-visiting-her-twin-sisters-grave/,"""This picture was taken in 1925. Its of a girl visiting her twin sisters grave. The twin sister had died the previous year in a house fire. Parents saw her many times talking and playing with her twin sister after she has passed away. They thought it was just part of the grieving process, that is until this was developed.""",2021-07-15,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged after death communication, afterlife, art out of context, creepy images, ghost, imgur, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/after-death-communication/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/afterlife/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/creepy-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ghost/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/","‘This Picture Was Taken in 1925, Of a Girl Visiting Her Twin...",,,,,, -13,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/national-kool-aid-day-2021-and-mike-lindells-trump-return-claim/,"""My Pillow guy Mike Lindell says August 13th [2021] is the date that Donald Trump will be 'reinstated.' Do you know what else is on August 13th? NATIONAL KOOL-AID DAY. For real. It's the second Friday in August every year. You can't make this up.""",2021-07-14,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged august 13 trump reinstated, election conspiracies, imgur, memes, mike lindell, national kool aid day 2021, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/august-13-trump-reinstated/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/election-conspiracies/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mike-lindell/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/national-kool-aid-day-2021/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",National Kool Aid Day 2021 and Mike Lindell’s ‘Trump Return’ Claim,,,,,, -14,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/friendly-roast-in-2015-hrc-being-roasted/,"TikTok videos labeled ""Friendly Roast in 2015"" and ""HRC Being Roasted"" show then-candidate Donald Trump ""roasting"" Hillary Clinton in 2015.",2021-07-14,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged al smith dinner 2016, donald trump, hillary clinton, out of context, roasts, tiktok, viral facebook posts, viral tiktok posts, viral videos","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/al-smith-dinner-2016/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/donald-trump/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/hillary-clinton/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/roasts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tiktok/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tiktok-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-videos/","‘Friendly Roast in 2015,’ ‘HRC Being Roasted’",,,,,, -15,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/jaleel-white-and-purple-urkel/,"Image depicts Jaleel White (the actor who played Steve Urkel on Family Matters) promoting a cannabis strain called ""Purple Urkel"" with Snoop Dogg.",2021-07-13,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Entertainment, Fact ChecksTagged cannabis, jaleel white snoop dogg, purple urkel, snoop dogg, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/entertainment/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cannabis/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/jaleel-white-snoop-dogg/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/purple-urkel/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/snoop-dogg/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Jaleel White and ‘Purple Urkel’,,,,,, -16,,,,Misattributed,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/finland-reindeer-reflective-paint-posts/,"A photograph Finland's reindeer with reflective antlers, painted to prevent roadway accidents.",2021-07-12,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged art out of context, finland, finland reindeer reflective paint, instagram, misleading, viral facebook posts, viral images","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/art-out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/finland/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/finland-reindeer-reflective-paint/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/instagram/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/",Finland Reindeer Reflective Paint Posts,,,,,, -17,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/albert-einstein-lecturing-a-black-college-facebook-post/,"Albert Einstein spoke at Lincoln University in 1946, and said ""The separation of races is not a disease of colored people but a disease of white people. I do not intend to be quiet about it.""",2021-07-12,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged albert einstein, albert einstein quotes, albert einstein racism, einstein lincoln university, lost images, viral facebook posts, viral images","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein-quotes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/albert-einstein-racism/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/einstein-lincoln-university/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/lost-images/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-images/",Albert Einstein Lecturing a Black College Facebook Post,,,,,, -18,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/ogx-dmdm-hydantoin-facebook-post/,"Consumers should avoid OGX products due to the presence of DMDM hydantoin, as the brand was sued over its formulations.",2021-07-09,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged cosmetics, dmdm hydantoin, dmdm hydantoin ogx, does dmdm hydantoin cause hair loss, facebook warnings, formaldehyde, ogx, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cosmetics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dmdm-hydantoin/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dmdm-hydantoin-ogx/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/does-dmdm-hydantoin-cause-hair-loss/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/facebook-warnings/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/formaldehyde/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ogx/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",OGX DMDM Hydantoin Facebook Post,,,,,, -19,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/biden-admin-hhs-secretarys-absolutely-the-governments-business-vaccine-remarks/,"Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra said it is ""absolutely the government's business"" to know whether Americans are vaccinated.",2021-07-08,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged becerra knocking on doors, biden vaccine, cnn, decontextualized, misleading, out of context, steven crowder, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/becerra-knocking-on-doors/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/biden-vaccine/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/cnn/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/decontextualized/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misleading/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/out-of-context/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/steven-crowder/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",Biden Admin HHS Secretary’s ‘Absolutely the Government’s Business’...,,,,,, -20,,,,Decontextualized,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/sf-gay-mens-chorus-convert-your-children-song/,"San Francisco's (SF) Gay Men's chorus literally sang they'll ""convert your children"" or are ""coming for your children.""",2021-07-08,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged basically an outright lie, dinesh d'souza, rumble.com, sf gay mens chorus, sf gay mens chorus coming for your children, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/basically-an-outright-lie/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/dinesh-dsouza/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rumble-com/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sf-gay-mens-chorus/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/sf-gay-mens-chorus-coming-for-your-children/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",SF Gay Men’s Chorus ‘Convert Your Children’ Song,,,,,, -21,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/darnella-fraziers-uncle-killed-by-minneapolis-police/,"Darnella Frazier, the girl who filmed the murder of George Floyd, disclosed via Facebook that her uncle was killed by Minneapolis police in July 2021.",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged darnella frazier uncle, darnella frazier uncle MPD, imgur, leneal frazier, minneapolis, Minneapolis Police Department, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/darnella-frazier-uncle/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/darnella-frazier-uncle-mpd/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/leneal-frazier/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/minneapolis/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/minneapolis-police-department/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/",Darnella Frazier’s Uncle Killed by Minneapolis Police,,,,,, -22,,,,Mixed,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/the-pledge-of-allegiance-was-adopted-in-1923-the-star-spangled-banner-was-adopted-in-1929/,"""The Pledge of Allegiance was adopted in 1923. The Star Spangled Banner was adopted in 1929. 'Under God' was added to the Pledge in 1954. 'In God We Trust' was added to our money in 1956. So no. They were not created by our Founding Fathers.""",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged founding fathers, history memes, in god we trust, in god we trust 1956, pledge of allegiance, pledge of allegiance 1923, star spangled banner, star spangled banner 1929, under god, under god 1954, viral facebook posts","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/founding-fathers/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/history-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/in-god-we-trust/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/in-god-we-trust-1956/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/pledge-of-allegiance/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/pledge-of-allegiance-1923/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/star-spangled-banner/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/star-spangled-banner-1929/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/under-god/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/under-god-1954/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/","The Pledge of Allegiance Was Adopted in 1923, the Star Spangled...",,,,,, -23,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/shacarri-richardson-rebecca-washington-replacement/,"Sprinter Sha'Carri Richardson will be replaced by a Mormon athlete, Rebecca Washington, on the U.S. Olympic Team",2021-07-07,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged 2021 Summer Olympics, marijuana, olympics, running, Sha'Carri Richardson, twitter","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/2021-summer-olympics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/marijuana/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/olympics/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/running/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/shacarri-richardson/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/twitter/",Is Rebecca Washington Replacing Sha’Carri Richardson on the U.S...,,,,,, -24,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/u-s-quietly-slips-out-of-afghanistan-in-dead-of-night-onion-story/,"In 2011, ten years before July 2021 news about the United States leaving Afghanistan in the dead of night, satirical outlet The Onion published a headline predicting it.",2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged Afghanistan, associated press, not satire, ostension, satire, the onion, the onion 10 years ago AP today, US Quietly Slips Out Of Afghanistan In Dead Of Night, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/afghanistan/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/associated-press/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/not-satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/ostension/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/satire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/the-onion/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/the-onion-10-years-ago-ap-today/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/us-quietly-slips-out-of-afghanistan-in-dead-of-night/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘U.S. Quietly Slips Out Of Afghanistan In Dead Of Night’ Onion Story,,,,,, -25,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/donald-rumsfeld-and-mount-misery/,"Former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld purchased Mount Misery, a house with a violent history.",2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged donald rumsfeld, frederick douglass, mount misery, rachel maddow, rumsfeld mount misery, viral facebook posts, viral videos","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/donald-rumsfeld/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/frederick-douglass/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/mount-misery/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rachel-maddow/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/rumsfeld-mount-misery/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-videos/",Donald Rumsfeld and Mount Misery,,,,,, -26,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/the-history-of-left-handedness/,A graph shows a sharp perceived rise in the number of left-handed people from approximately the 1920s onward.,2021-07-06,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged charts, left handed, left handed chart, LGBT, stat memes, transgender, viral facebook posts, viral tweets","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/charts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/left-handed/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/left-handed-chart/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/lgbt/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/stat-memes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/transgender/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/",‘The History of Left-Handedness’,,,,,, -27,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/walmart-national-anthem-video/,"In July 2021, Walmart shoppers sand the national anthem in Haslet, Texas in July 2021.",2021-07-05,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged National Anthem, tiktok, viral facebook posts, viral tiktok posts, viral tweets, walmart, walmart national anthem","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/national-anthem/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/tiktok/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tiktok-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-tweets/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/walmart/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/walmart-national-anthem/",Walmart ‘National Anthem’ Video,,,,,, -28,,,,True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/why-bill-cosby-was-released/,"Bill Cosby's conviction was overturned in June 2021 due to an error made by prosecutors, as detailed in a Facebook post.",2021-07-01,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Fact Checks, Viral ContentTagged bill cosby, imgur, popehat, shaun king, viral facebook posts, why was bill cosby released","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/viral-content/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/bill-cosby/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/imgur/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/popehat/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/shaun-king/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/viral-facebook-posts/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/why-was-bill-cosby-released/",Why Bill Cosby Was Released,,,,,, -29,,,,Not True,,,,truthorfiction,,https://www.truthorfiction.com/white-house-press-secretary-jen-psaki-blames-gop-for-defunding-police/,"""White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki continued to promote her outrageous claim that Republicans are the ones who pushed for defunding the police yet, when pushed by a reporter on [June 30 2021], she was unable to name a single Republican who has ever championed defunding the police.""",2021-07-01,truthorfiction,,"Posted in Disinformation, Fact ChecksTagged daily wire, Jen Psaki, misquotes, Psaki Blames GOP For Defunding Police But She Can’t Name 1 Republican Who Called For Defunding Police","https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/disinformation/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/category/fact-checks/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/daily-wire/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/jen-psaki/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/misquotes/,https://www.truthorfiction.com/tag/psaki-blames-gop-for-defunding-police-but-she-cant-name-1-republican-who-called-for-defunding-police/",‘White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki Blames GOP for Defunding...,,,,,, +0,,,,Misleading,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-mayim-bialik-refuses-vaccinate/,Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’5:34 PM 07/23/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims actress and neuroscientist Mayim Bialik “refuses to vaccinate.” Verdict: Misleading While Bialik has said that she hasn’t been vaccinated in 30 years, she has stated that she received the COVID-19 vaccine and that her children are vaccinated. Her publicist said she and her children are “fully vaccinated” against COVID-19. Fact Check: The meme features a picture of “The Big Bang Theory” actress Bialik, who received a doctorate in neuroscience from UCLA. It alleges she “refuses to vaccinate” and contains the hashtag “SmartParentsDon’tVax.” (RELATED: Image Claims To Show A CDC Infographic Saying ‘Refusing To Take The Vaccine Is A Form Of Racism’) Bialik, who has faced criticism for prior comments she has made about vaccines, has said she and her children are vaccinated, however. In an October 2020 YouTube video, Bialik stated that she would be getting both the COVID-19 and flu vaccine this year and that her two children would also be getting flu vaccines. “This year I’m going to do something I literally haven’t done in 30 years. I’m going to get a vaccine. And guess what? I’m actually going to get two,” Bialik said in the video. “Number one vaccine that I’m going to get is the COVID vaccine. I can’t wait for it, bring it on. Number two vaccine, I’m going to get a flu vaccine.” She also stated in the video, “My 12- and 15-year old children have never received a flu vaccine. This year, roll up them shirt sleeves, boys, vaccines for everyone.” At one point in the video, she says that she believes the perception that she is anti-vaccination stems from a book she wrote about her experience parenting, noting, “At the time my children had not received the typical schedule of vaccines, but I have never, not once, said that vaccines are not valuable, not useful or not necessary, because they are.” “As of today, my children may not have had every one of the vaccinations that your children have, but my children are vaccinated. I repeat: my children are vaccinated,” she said in the October 2020 YouTube video. In a February 2015 tweet, she also said her kids are vaccinated. Bialik expressed support for COVID-19 vaccines in a January 2021 interview with Yahoo! Life and in a May 2021 interview with Cheddar News. In both interviews, she said her children were vaccinated and, in the Cheddar News interview, confirmed she received the COVID-19 vaccine. “It’s not ‘I’m pro every single vaccine that anyone talks about all the time everywhere, every single minute,'” she said, according to Yahoo! Life. “I have a lot of questions about the vaccine industry, as do a lot of people. I have a lot of questions about the profits involved. [But] when it comes to this virus, the insidiousness of this virus, the way this virus works, the way that it adapts, we absolutely need to see this as distinctly different from the flu. It’s different than the common cold. This is something we need absolute protection from.” if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Heather Besignano, Bialik’s publicist, told Check Your Fact that “Mayim and her children are all fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/StayingAliveisNotEnough/photos/a.430627040320230/4188723184510578/?type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/StayingAliveisNotEnough/photos/a.430627040320230/4188723184510578/?type=3&theater,https://news.psu.edu/story/650373/2021/03/09/academics/neuroscientist-and-actor-mayim-bialik-speak-penn-state-harrisburg,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/27/fact-check-cdc-refusing-vaccine-racism/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY&feature=youtu.be,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY&feature=youtu.be,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Beyond-the-Sling/Mayim-Bialik/9781451662184,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY,https://twitter.com/missmayim/status/565346126430478336,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mayim-bialik-covid-vaccine-anxiety-single-parenting-005615132.html,https://cheddar.com/media/mayim-bialik-talks-call-me-kat-and-a-year-of-covid-19,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mayim-bialik-covid-vaccine-anxiety-single-parenting-005615132.html,https://www.icon-publicity.com/team/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’,,,,,, +1,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-video-french-police-setting-down-helmets-protesters-july-2021/,Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?3:56 PM 07/23/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook purportedly shows police officers in France putting their helmets down in the street in solidarity with protesters during July 2021 demonstrations against COVID-19 restrictions. Verdict: False The footage actually shows French police showing support for health care workers protesting in June 2020. Fact Check: Protests broke out in multiple French cities after French President Emmanuel Macron announced new COVID-19-related rules on July 12, Reuters reported. The rules include mandating health care workers be vaccinated by September 15, and requiring health passes showing proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test in order to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, as well as board trains and planes, according to the outlet. A video shared on Facebook on July 17 purportedly shows a scene from the recent protests in which law enforcement personnel placed their helmets on the ground as civilians gathered around them and applauded. “Police in France with the people of France take off their helmets,” the video’s caption reads. “This happened during this weeks protests ! Let’s goooo France.” (RELATED: Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?) The video, however, predates the recent demonstrations against COVID-19 restrictions in France. Through a reverse image search of key frames, Check Your Fact found similar footage published on YouTube by French magazine L’Obs in June 2020, with the title: “Police officers and caregivers applaud during the demonstration in Nîmes.” The video showed police in Nimes, France, on June 16, 2020, acknowledging health care workers who were protesting in support of a public hospital there, according to a translation of the video’s description. Tens of thousands of French medical workers demonstrated on June 16, 2020, advocating for the country’s government to raise health service wages, pause service cuts and stop hospitals from closing amid the pandemic, France 24 reported. The government signed an agreement with unions on July 13, 2020 enacting roughly $9 billion in wage increases for health care personnel, according to BBC News. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/cynara.issa/posts/10159363056387180,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-police-quell-protest-against-covid-health-passport-rules-2021-07-14/,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-make-covid-19-shot-mandatory-health-workers-bfm-tv-2021-07-12/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-image-electric-car-cemetery-france/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlvS7Fnyb0,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlvS7Fnyb0,https://www.france24.com/en/20200616-enough-applause-french-health-workers-rally-anew-for-post-coronavirus-reforms,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53398208,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#15616770637a6755767d70767e6c7a6067737476613b767a78",Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?,,,,,, +2,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-canada-prohibit-pilots-covid-vaccine-flying/,Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?2:21 PM 07/23/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims Canada prohibits all pilots who received COVID-19 vaccines from flying. Verdict: False The Canadian government allows pilots who have received Health Canada-approved COVID-19 vaccines to fly. Fact Check: The image shows the headline of a July 11 post from the website Alt News that reads, “Canada Prohibits All Vaxxed Pilots From Flying. The Corona Vax Is A ‘Medical Trial’ And Such ‘Vaccinations’ Are Ruled To Ground All Pilots.” (RELATED: Viral Post Claims Fox News Isn’t Available In Canada) Below the headline, there is a screen grab of the Canadian government’s website from the Transport Canada section titled “COVID-19 vaccines and Aviation Medical Certificate holders.” A highlighted line in the screen grab states that “participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification.” While the post attempts to allege that all Canadian pilots who received COVID-19 vaccines are prohibited from flying because the vaccines are supposedly considered a “medical trial,” that is not the case. The Canadian government’s website explicitly states that COVID-19 vaccines approved by Health Canada “are considered compatible with Transport Canada aviation Medical Certification.” That means pilots who received them are allowed to fly. Health Canada has approved the COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca. The Canadian government’s website states, “Only vaccines that are proven to be safe, effective and of high quality are authorized for use in Canada. The COVID-19 vaccines have been rigorously tested during their development and then carefully reviewed by Health Canada.” Sau Sau Liu, a spokesperson for Transport Canada, confirmed in an email to Check Your Fact that the post’s claim is inaccurate, saying, “Transport Canada does not prohibit pilots vaccinated with Health Canada-approved vaccines to fly nor do we impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada.” The Transport Canada section of the Canadian government’s website also states, “Transport Canada (TC) Civil Aviation Medicine (CAM), does not impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada.” “All COVID-19 vaccines currently available in Canada have gone through clinical trials and been tested on tens of thousands of adult volunteers before being authorized for use,” Liu also said. “They were deemed to be safe and effective and have been licensed and authorized by Health Canada. They are not medical trials.” The notice about it being the “general position of TC CAM that participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification” on the webpage was included earlier in the pandemic “when aviators started asking if they could take part in the vaccine trials that Health Canada was undertaking prior to the approval of the vaccines for general distribution,” according to Liu. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Liu told Check Your Fact that because Health Canada has approved the COVID-19 vaccines for use and the notice about medical trials “is less relevant,” Transport Canada has since removed it from the webpage. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/04/fact-check-fox-news-unavailable-canada/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210204183406if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines.html,https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/vaccines/safety-side-effects.html,https://ca.linkedin.com/in/sau-sau-liu-40bb8450,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://web.archive.org/web/20210204183406if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5c39313530251c383d3530253f3d3030392e32392b2f3a332932383d2835333272332e3b",Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?,,,,,, +3,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-emmanuel-macron-unvaccinated-people-stay-home/,Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?4:46 PM 07/22/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims French President Emmanuel Macron said, “This time you stay at home, not us” in reference to people who refuse to be vaccinated. Verdict: False There is no record of Macron making this statement. Fact Check: The French government recently announced that it would mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for all health care workers, according to Reuters. The government also set forth requirements that people would need passes documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from the illness in order to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, the outlet reported. Now, an image on Facebook shows what appears to be a screen grab of a tweet seemingly quoting the French president. “I no longer have any intention of sacrificing my life, my time, my freedom and the adolescence of my daughters, as well as their right to study properly, for those who refuse to be vaccinated,” Macron purportedly said. “This time you stay at home, not us.” There is, however, no record of Macron saying the quote attributed to him in the Facebook post. Check Your Fact reviewed a speech Macron gave on July 12, but found no mention of him saying people who refuse to be vaccinated should stay home. The supposed quote was not found on the Élysée Palace website either. A search of Macron’s verified social media accounts likewise turned up no instances of the alleged quote. Furthermore, the French president has three adult stepchildren and no biological children of his own, The Sun reported in 2020. (RELATED: Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?) The misattribution may stem from confusion surrounding an Instagram post from Italian journalist Selvaggia Lucarelli. Lucarelli posted a picture of Macron and included a similar quote to the one erroneously attributed to Macron as the caption. The quote is not attributed to Macron in the post. “I’m for the French line right now. I no longer have any intention whatsoever of sacrificing my life, my time, and my son’s adolescence, in addition to his right to study properly, for those who refuse to get vaccinated,” a translation of Lucarelli’s Instagram caption reads. “This time you stay home, not us.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10225518847582566&set=a.1233810169881&type=3,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-broadens-use-covid-19-health-pass-slashes-fines-2021-07-19/,https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2021/07/12/adresse-aux-francais-12-juillet-2021,https://www.elysee.fr/recherche?prod_all%5Bquery%5D=reste%20%C3%A0%20la%20maison,https://twitter.com/search?q=rester%20%C3%A0%20la%20maison%20(from%3AEmmanuelMacron)&src=typed_query,https://www.instagram.com/emmanuelmacron/,https://www.facebook.com/EmmanuelMacron/,https://www.the-sun.com/news/1000817/brigitte-trogneux-emmanuel-macron-wife-french-president/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-protest-france-covid-measures/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRRAjrGFlHG/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRRAjrGFlHG/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?,,,,,, +4,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-raul-castro-flee-venezuela/,Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?4:24 PM 07/22/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims to show former Cuban President Raul Castro disembarking from a plane after fleeing from Cuba to Venezuela. Verdict: False There is no evidence that Castro has fled Cuba. The image featured in the post was taken in 2015 and shows Castro landing in Costa Rica to attend a summit. Fact Check: Thousands of Cubans angered by food and medicine shortages participated in anti-government protests on July 11, with many calling for freedom and for Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel to resign, CNN reported. Now, an image on Facebook shows Castro exiting a plane and claims he fled to Venezuela during the protests. “BREAKING – Cuba: Former President Raúl Castro flees to Venezuela,” reads the image’s caption. “He arrived in Caracas around 11:37 pm, Sunday, July 11, 2021 as massive anti-government protests erupted in the socialist regime.” There is no evidence, however, that Castro fled to Venezuela on July 11. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the photo in a January 2015 article published by La Nación, explaining it shows him arriving in Costa Rica to attend that year’s Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) summit. “Raúl Castro arrived at the Juan Santamaría airport to attend the Celac Summit that starts tomorrow in the country,” reads a translation of the image’s caption on La Nación. “He is the first president to arrive on Costa Rican soil and was received by Vice President Ana Helena Chacón.” The photo was also included in articles published by Cuba Debate and teleSUR. Both outlets also reported the image showed Castro arriving in Costa Rica for the CELAC summit. (RELATED: Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?) Had Castro actually fled Cuba during the July 11 protests, media outlets likely would have reported on it, yet none have.”Raúl Castro is very well and in Cuba,” said Noraimis Ramos Ruiz, a spokesperson for the Cuban government, in an email to Check Your Fact. Castro appeared at a pro-government rally in Havana, Cuba on July 17, according to the Associated Press. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/grissel.c.ramos/posts/6370004673013486,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/11/americas/cuba-protests/index.html,https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/raul-castro-madruga-para-asistir-a-cumbre-de-celac-en-costa-rica/5U5ZGOHFVZFKJFTHIAAHIB2AQA/story/,http://celacinternational.org/,https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/raul-castro-madruga-para-asistir-a-cumbre-de-celac-en-costa-rica/5U5ZGOHFVZFKJFTHIAAHIB2AQA/story/,http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2015/01/27/presidente-cubano-raul-castro-llego-a-costa-rica-para-iii-cumbre-de-la-celac/,https://www.telesurtv.net/news/Raul-Castro-arriba-a-Costa-Rica-para-participar-en-Cumbre-Celac-20150127-0027.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-protest-cuba-argentina-soccer/,https://www.google.com/search?q=raul+castro+fled+to+venezuela&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS820US820&ei=MGL4YN7NKtCMtAaxxprwBg&oq=raul+castro+fled+to+venezuela&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyAggASgQIQRgBUJISWI8cYPseaAFwAHgAgAFxiAH-ApIBAzMuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjepY7C4PTxAhVQBs0KHTGjBm4Q4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-cuba-caribbean-9ed6c6dd50ddb764a482099e44cdc25c,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#17727a7e7b6e5773767e7b6e74767b7b726579726064717862797376637e787939786570",Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?,,,,,, +5,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-susan-rice-convicted-treason/,Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?3:04 PM 07/22/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Susan Rice, the director of the White House Domestic Policy Council, has been convicted of treason. Verdict: False There is no evidence Rice has been convicted of treason or sentenced to death. The claim stems from a website that says it publishes “humor, parody, and satire.” Fact Check: The lengthy post claims the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General’s Corps on July 8 convicted Rice of “high treason” for “her participation in a 2017 scheme to defame” former President Donald Trump in connection to alleged “Russian collusion.” Rice, who served as former President Barack Obama’s national security adviser from 2013 to 2017, faced scrutiny for her role in “unmasking” some Trump transition officials in intelligence reports on communications with foreigners under surveillance, according to CNBC. In the post, it also alleges Navy Vice Admiral John Hannink was involved in her trial. At the end of the trial, a “three-officer panel unanimously agreed Rice be put to death for her crimes against America,” the post claims. There is, however, no evidence Rice was convicted of treason or sentenced to death. A search of press releases put out by the Department of Justice and the Department of Defense didn’t turn up any announcements to that effect. National media outlets haven’t reported on Rice getting convicted of treason. She has also been active on Twitter since July 8, the date she was supposedly sentenced to death, further adding to the post’s dubiousness. “No truth to this claim,” a Department of Defense spokesperson said in an email to Check Your Fact. (RELATED: No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal) The text in the Facebook post matches that in a July 20 article published by Real Raw News, a website that states on its “About Us” page that it “contains humor, parody, and satire.” While Real Raw News includes that disclaimer, the Facebook post does not, resulting in some users seemingly believing the story is real. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://ballotpedia.org/Susan_Rice,https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/04/the-susan-rice-controversy-the-latest-twist-in-the-trump-wiretapping-saga-explained.html,https://www.navy.mil/Leadership/Biographies/BioDisplay/Article/2236279/vice-admiral-john-hannink/,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://search.justice.gov/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&affiliate=justice&sort_by=&query=Susan+Rice,https://search.usa.gov/search/news?utf8=%E2%9C%93&affiliate=defensegov&channel=10132&sort_by=r&query=Susan+Rice&commit=Search,https://twitter.com/AmbRice46,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-rumsfeld-not-commit-suicide-military-tribunal/,https://realrawnews.com/2021/07/military-convicts-susan-rice-of-treason/,https://realrawnews.com/about-us/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#26434b4f4a5f6642474f4a5f45474a4a435448435155404953484247524f494808495441",Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?,,,,,, +6,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-trump-statement-tom-brady-shady/,Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?6:25 PM 07/21/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows a statement put out by former President Donald Trump calling Tom Brady “shady” after the NFL quarterback made a joke about people denying the 2020 presidential election results. Verdict: False There is no evidence Trump released the statement. The fabricated press release appears to originate from a Twitter user as a joke. Fact Check: The Tampa Bay Buccaneers won Super Bowl LV in February, marking Brady’s seventh Super Bowl win, according to CBS Sports. Brady and his teammates on July 20 visited the White House, where the quarterback cracked a joke about people not believing the Buccaneers won the Super Bowl, footage from The Hill shows. “Not a lot of people think that we could have won and, in fact, I think about 40 percent of people still don’t think we won,” Brady said, referencing people who deny President Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election. Shortly after Brady made the joke, social media users started sharing a screen grab of what looks like a statement from Trump. In the alleged press release, the former president appears to respond to Brady’s joke, calling the quarterback “shady.” “Tom ‘Shady’ needs to do his research and realize how Rigged (and Rigged it was) the last election was,” the purported Trump statement reads. “Maybe he was too busy Deflating balls (weak grip?) to follow what is happening all around our Great Country (including Maricopa County, Georgia and Pennsylvania). When I’m back in the White House we’ll see who he jokes with (the answer is Me, your favorite ‘President’, if I even invite him). So much Voter Fraud!” There is, however, no record of Trump putting out the statement pictured in the Facebook post. A search of Trump’s website, as well as his 45office.com website, didn’t turn up any statements calling Brady “shady.” (RELATED: Did Tom Brady Say, ‘If Anybody On This Team Kneels, I Walk’?) Brady’s joke at the White House was widely covered by national news outlets. If Trump had put out the statement in response, it would have been picked up by the media, yet no major news outlets have reported on it. Multiple Twitter users also shared the fake statement on Twitter. The fabricated press release appears to have been originally posted by the Twitter user @skolanach, whose handle is visible in the upper-left corner. The Twitter user later clarified it was a joke. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } I made it. Parody. — ElElegante101 (@skolanach) July 20, 2021 “I made it,” the Twitter user wrote. “Parody.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/2021-super-bowl-score-tom-brady-wins-seventh-ring-as-buccaneers-dominate-chiefs-and-patrick-mahomes/live/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziaDENNwPSc,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziaDENNwPSc,https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news,https://www.45office.com/news,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/07/29/fact-check-tom-brady-team-kneels-walk/,https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2021/07/20/tom-brady-biden-election-joke-white-house-visit-vpx.cnn,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/tom-brady-trump-jokes-biden-bucs-white-house-visit,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/politics/tom-brady-bucs-white-house.html,https://sports.yahoo.com/tom-brady-jokes-about-election-denialism-to-president-joe-biden-as-bucs-visit-white-house-162442956.html,https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/buccaneers/2021/07/20/tom-brady-election-joke-tampa-bay-white-house/8026885002/,https://www.google.com/search?q=donald+trump+tom+brady+shady&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi20PyfjPXxAhUbGVkFHUjRCDQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1301&bih=744,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720201337/https://twitter.com/scottfeinberg/status/1417578399430758409,https://twitter.com/dplaz19761/status/1417616664347258887,https://twitter.com/moore_oliver/status/1417660174425264133,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417524223715602433/photo/1,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?,,,,,, +7,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-rumsfeld-not-commit-suicide-military-tribunal/,"No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal",2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal4:52 PM 07/21/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims late Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld committed suicide during a military tribunal. Verdict: False Rumsfeld’s cause of death was multiple myeloma. The claim appears to stem from a website that says it publishes “humor, parody, and satire.” Fact Check: Rumsfeld, the Defense secretary to former Presidents Gerald Ford and George W. Bush, died on June 29 at 88 years old, according to CNBC. Now, some social media users are sharing a post claiming Rumsfeld actually died by suicide during a military tribunal. Rumsfeld did not, however, commit suicide, and was never on trial before a military tribunal. No mention of such a trial or any charges against him can be found in press releases published by the Justice Department or the Defense Department. Current Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin tweeted on June 30 that he was “saddened to hear” about Rumsfeld’s death, stating, “I extend my deep condolences to his family and loved ones.” Had Rumsfeld committed suicide at a military tribunal, media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have done so. Keith Urbahn, Rumsfeld’s spokesperson, said multiple myeloma caused his death, USA Today reported. (RELATED: Viral Image Claims To Show Article About Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin Considering ‘Defunding, Maybe Disbanding’ The US Army) The claim appears to stem from a July 18 article published by Real Raw News bearing the headline: “Rumsfeld Committed Suicide at Military Tribunal; Did Not Die of Natural Causes.” The article goes on to claim Rumsfeld was arrested on May 27, and that he killed himself after the military tribunal found him responsible for the deaths of American soldiers during the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. Real Raw News includes a disclaimer on it’s “About Us” page that states, “This website contains humor, parody, and satire.” Despite the disclaimer, social media users have shared the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing it to be true. This is not the first time a claim stemming from a Real Raw News article has been shared as misinformation. In June, Check Your Fact debunked the baseless claim that former FBI Director James Comey was sentenced to death by guillotine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/suzanne.m.kelly1/posts/10223920952805678,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/30/former-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-dead-at-88.html,https://www.justice.gov/news?keys=Donald+Rumsfeld&items_per_page=25,https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/releases/Search/Rumsfeld/,https://twitter.com/secdef/status/1410380667163185152,https://www.google.com/search?q=Donald+Rumsfeld+suicide+military+tribunal&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim44vJ8PTxAhW8FVkFHbRMCAgQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1920&bih=897,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/06/30/donald-rumsfeld-dies-ex-pentagon-chief-iraq-afghanistan-wars/7810730002/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/26/fact-check-article-defense-secretary-lloyd-austin-defunding-disbanding-army/,https://realrawnews.com/2021/07/rumsfeld-committed-suicide-at-military-tribunal-did-not-die-of-natural-causes/,https://realrawnews.com/about-us/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/18/fact-check-james-comey-sentenced-death-guillotine/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#790d0b1c0f160b391a111c1a1200160c0b1f181a0d571a1614","No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal",,,,,, +8,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-ron-desantis-holding-anti-mask-shirt/,Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?3:27 PM 07/21/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows Republican Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis holding up an orange “Your mask is as useless as Joe Biden” t-shirt. Verdict: False The image has been digitally altered. In the original photo, the shirt said, “I went to Popeyes for the new chicken sandwich and all I got was this lousy t-shirt.” Fact Check: The image of DeSantis smiling while appearing to hold up the “Your mask is as useless as Joe Biden” t-shirt has circulated on social media in recent days. However, the photo is doctored. (RELATED: Did Ron DeSantis Not Give A Press Conference About The Surfside Condo Collapse Before June 29?) DeSantis posted the original picture on his verified Twitter account back in September 2019. In the unaltered picture, the orange shirt sports the words: “I went to Popeyes for the new chicken sandwich and all I got was this lousy t-shirt.” Great to visit the HQ for @PopeyesChicken and @BurgerKing in Miami. I’ve been looking for the elusive chicken sandwich, but the stores are still out. Maybe it’s time to issue an executive order requiring all Popeyes in Florida to re-stock them ASAP?? pic.twitter.com/SagYhmAxcj — Ron DeSantis (@GovRonDeSantis) September 27, 2019 “Great to visit the HQ for @PopeyesChicken and @BurgerKing in Miami,” DeSantis wrote in the tweet. “I’ve been looking for the elusive chicken sandwich, but the stores are still out. Maybe it’s time to issue an executive order requiring all Popeyes in Florida to re-stock them ASAP??” A schedule available on the Florida governor’s website shows DeSantis visited the Miami office of Restaurant Brands International, the parent company of Popeyes, on Sept. 27, 2019. The News Service of Florida also reported on his visit at the time. The novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 first emerged in late 2019, according to The New York Times. DeSantis did not, according to the Washington Post, issue a statewide mask mandate last year, though he did institute a lockdown in April 2020. In May, he signed an executive order suspending local COVID-19 rules for individuals and businesses, according to the Tampa Bay Times. Friends of Ron DeSantis, the governor’s political committee, recently started selling merchandise such as “Don’t Fauci My Florida” t-shirts and “How the hell am I going to be able to drink a beer with a mask on?” beer koozies, according to the Tallahassee Democrat. None of the merchandise for sale matches the t-shirt in the photoshopped image. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently recommends for individuals ages 2 and older who are not fully vaccinated to wear masks in public indoor spaces to help protect against COVID-19. Fully vaccinated individuals “can resume activities without wearing a mask or physically distancing, except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules, and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance,” according to the CDC website. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10158662044432756&set=a.10152960751952756&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10158662044432756&set=a.10152960751952756&type=3,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/06/fact-check-ron-desantis-press-conference-surfside-condo-collapse/,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/popeyeschicken?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/BurgerKing?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://t.co/SagYhmAxcj,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/9.27.19.png,https://www.mypanhandle.com/news/gov-ron-desantis-wants-to-taste-test-popeyes-and-chick-fil-a-chicken-sandwiches/,https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/13/desantis-fauci-florida/,https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/01/825383186/florida-governor-orders-statewide-lockdown,https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2021/05/04/what-we-know-about-desantis-executive-order-suspending-local-covid-19-restrictions/,https://twitter.com/teamrondesantis/status/1414676440533159937,https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2021/07/15/ron-desantis-releases-merchandise-against-masks-and-anthony-fauci-florida-coronavirus/7976313002/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated.html",Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?,,,,,, +9,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-bill-gates-grandson-co-founder-rockefeller-foundation-frederick-taylor-gates/,Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?2:02 PM 07/21/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is the grandson of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller’s advisor Frederick Taylor Gates. Verdict: False Bill Gates is not Frederick Taylor Gates’ grandson. Fact Check: The image shows what appears to be a screen grab of Frederick Taylor Gates’ Wikipedia entry displayed on Google. Green text added to the screen grab claims he is Bill Gates’ grandfather. Frederick Taylor Gates managed Rockefeller’s charitable activities and was instrumental in the founding of the philanthropic Rockefeller Foundation, serving on its board of trustees until 1923, according to The Rockefeller Archive Center. (RELATED: Have Bill Gates, Anthony Fauci, The WHO And Others Been Charged With War Crimes?) Despite sharing a surname with Frederick Taylor Gates, Bill Gates is not his grandson. Bill Gates’ father and mother were Bill Gates Sr. and Mary Maxwell, who died in 2020 and 1994 respectively, according to NBC News. Bill Gates Sr., also known as William H. Gates II, was born in 1925 to furniture store owners in Washington state, ABC News reported. Frederick Taylor Gates died in 1929, while his wife Emma Cahoon Gates lived until 1934, The New York Times reported. They had seven children, according to his autobiography “Chapters in My Life,” none of whom were named William or Mary. An internet search by Check Your Fact found no credible media report of Frederick Taylor Gates being Bill Gates’ grandfather. Bill Gates hasn’t mentioned Frederick Taylor Gates in any entry of his personal blog either. The Rockefeller Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation collaborated in 2006 to create the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), an initiative to lessen poverty in the continent through agricultural investment, according to The Rockefeller Foundation’s website. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/miguel.cuervo.5249/posts/188296246565526,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-T-Gates,https://rockfound.rockarch.org/biographical/-/asset_publisher/6ygcKECNI1nb/content/frederick-t-gates?,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/13/fact-check-image-bill-gates-anthony-fauci-violating-social-distancing-guidelines-coronavirus/,https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/bill-gates-sr-father-microsoft-co-founder-dies-94-n1240189,https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/bill-gates-sr-father-microsoft-founder-dies-94-73033685,https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/02/07/95877097.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0,https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/04/07/93757961.pdf,https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35101532/frederick-taylor-gates,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chapters_in_My_Life/1Yu5AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0,https://www.google.com/search?q=frederick+taylor+gates+Bill+Gates+grandfather&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr2MuDw_TxAhXAFFkFHYujBjoQ_AUoAHoECAcQAg&biw=1440&bih=717&dpr=2,https://www.gatesnotes.com/Search?search=%22Frederick%20Taylor%20Gates%22,https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/initiative/alliance-for-a-green-revolution-in-africa/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d3a7a1b6a5bca193b0bbb6b0b8aabca6a1b5b2b0a7fdb0bcbe",Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?,,,,,, +10,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-joe-biden-olivia-rodrigo-shoulders/,Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?6:33 PM 07/20/2021Mecca Fowler | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 2,000 times purportedly shows President Joe Biden touching singer Olivia Rodrigo’s shoulders. Verdict: False Biden has been photoshopped into the photo. Fact Check: The “Drivers License” singer visited the White House last week as part of the Biden administration’s effort to encourage more young people to get COVID-19 vaccinations, according to the Associated Press. Following her White House visit, some social media users started sharing an altered image appearing to show Biden touching her shoulders. In the original picture taken by photographer Oliver Contreras for Bloomberg in the White House briefing room, only Rodrigo and White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki can be seen. Biden did not attend the July 14 briefing in which Rodrigo participated, a review of the transcript and footage from the briefing shows. (RELATED: Viral Image Makes False Claim About Joe And Jill Biden’s Relationship) Biden has been digitally edited into the photo of Rodrigo and Psaki in the briefing room. The picture of Biden comes from the 2015 swearing-in ceremony for former Defense Secretary Ash Carter, when the then-vice president put his hands on the shoulders of Ash Carter’s wife Stephanie and spoke to her. Some people pointed to the picture of Biden and Stephanie Carter during the 2020 presidential election cycle to criticize him for his interactions with women. Stephanie Carter said in a 2019 Medium post that the picture had been “misleadingly” taken out-of-context and that Biden touched her shoulders “as a means of offering his support.” Rodrigo and Biden did share actual photos of them together during her White House visit to their respective Instagram accounts. share on facebook tweet this show commentsMecca FowlerContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmDBbnmKpqQ,https://apnews.com/article/olivia-rodrigo-visits-white-house-vaccines-07aeaeb169aa7daed999dd48d57e06a0,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/jen-psaki-white-house-press-secretary-right-introduces-pop-news-photo/1233977853?adppopup=true,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/14/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-jen-psaki-july-14-2021/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ek6Y3jzOLP4,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/28/fact-check-joe-jill-biden-babysitter-wife-hospitalized/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3gGncZMCKQ,https://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Obama-Defense-Secretary-/d6517cafb1ce43a18fd9fb9abd5202e9/2/0,https://www.vox.com/2019/4/2/18290345/joe-biden-lucy-flores-amy-lappos,https://medium.com/@scarterdc/the-metoo-story-that-wasnt-me-6c1d5eb1e94d,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_medium=copy_link,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU9pq4rEKj/",Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?,,,,,, +11,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-joe-biden-americans-dont-receive-vaccine-quarantine-camps/,Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?5:18 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims President Joe Biden announced that Americans not vaccinated against COVID-19 before 2022 will be put in “quarantine camps.” Verdict: False There is no record of Biden making such an announcement. The claim appears to stem from a satirical article. Fact Check: The Facebook photo shows what appears to be a screen grab of a June 21 article including an image of Biden and bearing the headline: “Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put In Camps.” Text in the screen grab goes on to say that unvaccinated Americans will be detained in “quarantine camps” until they are vaccinated. There is no record, however, of Biden making such an announcement. A search of the White House’s website turned up no mention of imprisoning unvaccinated Americans. Check Your Fact also searched Biden’s verified social media accounts, but found no instances of him announcing such a plan. While the Biden administration has been actively working to get more Americans vaccinated against COVID-19, according to The New York Times, Check Your Fact found no news reporting about the president announcing any plan to imprison those who refuse to be vaccinated. (RELATED: Did Joe Biden Announce Looting Would Be Renamed ‘Justice Shopping’?) The screen grabbed article in the Facebook post appears to have been published by Value Walk, a website that “provides unique coverage on hedge funds, large asset managers, and value investing,” according to its “About” section. A clear disclaimer at the bottom of the article says, “This is a satirical article.” Value Walk also included a notice that the article was first posted by The Stonk Market, a financial satire website. While both Value Walk and The Stonk Market include disclaimers about the satirical nature of the story, social media users have been sharing the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing the erroneous claim to be true. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/byron.xermes/posts/3573218892781411,https://www.whitehouse.gov/?s=camps+2022,https://twitter.com/search?q=2022%20(from%3AJoeBiden%20OR%20from%3APOTUS)&src=typed_query,https://www.facebook.com/page/7860876103/search/?q=2022,https://www.instagram.com/joebiden/,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/06/us/politics/biden-vaccines.html,https://www.google.com/search?q=Biden+plan+to+send+unvaccinated+to+camps+in+2022&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPn9m0wvLxAhV1F1kFHWgcA9sQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/05/28/fact-check-joe-biden-looting-justice-shopping-fox-news/,https://www.valuewalk.com/president-joe-biden-announces-americans-not-vaccinated-before-2022-will-be-put-in-camps/,https://www.valuewalk.com/investorshub/,https://thestonkmarket.com/president-joe-biden-announces-americans-not-vaccinated-before-2022-will-be-put-in-camps/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#86e3ebefeaffc6e2e7efeaffe5e7eaeae3f4e8e3f1f5e0e9f3e8e2e7f2efe9e8a8e9f4e1",Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?,,,,,, +12,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-solar-storm-gps-internet-satellites-earth/,"Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?",2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?4:36 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Instagram claims a “massive solar storm heading towards Earth could affect GPS, internet and satellites.”   View this post on Instagram   A post shared by Rap by RAPTV (@rap) Verdict: False The Space Weather Prediction Center’s forecast does not show any major solar storm heading toward Earth in the coming days. There were also no major solar storms last week. Fact Check: Solar storms are natural phenomena that occur when disturbances on the sun, such as solar flares or coronal mass ejections, emit electromagnetic radiation and charged particle radiation into the solar system, according to CBS News. Under certain conditions, such solar activity can disrupt satellites as well as technologies on Earth like GPS and radio communications, according to NASA. The July 14 Instagram post claims a “massive solar storm” that can impact GPS, internet and satellites is heading toward Earth. However, there is no mention of an imminent solar storm to that effect on the Space Weather Prediction Center’s three-day forecast, and no such storm occurred last week. The forecast on Monday said, “Solar activity is likely to remain very low with a slight chance for C-class flares on 19-21 Jul,” while Tuesday’s forecast currently states, “Solar activity is expected to be very low, with an increasing chance of C-class flares 20-22 Jul.” C-class solar flares are “too weak to noticeably affect Earth,” according to NASA. “The solar observations have been greatly mischaracterized,” Theo Stein, a spokesperson for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said in an email to Check Your Fact. (RELATED: No, This Is Not A ‘Photo From Mars’ Fabricated By NASA) The last significant solar activity registered by the NOAA occurred on July 3, when an X-1 solar flare was observed. X-class flares are the strongest type of solar flare and can affect Earth, according to NASA. The July 3 flare was the largest since 2017 and caused a brief radio blackout, according to Space.com. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRT4vophNP0/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRT4vophNP0/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-kind-of-damage-can-a-solar-storm-do/,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/spaceweather/index.html#q5,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/about-space-weather,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720184726/https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/X-class-flares.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/03/29/fact-check-photo-mars-fabricated-nasa/,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/news/r3-strong-radio-blackout-observed,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/X-class-flares.html,https://www.space.com/sun-unleashes-x-class-solar-flare-july-2021-video,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6e0b030702172e0a0f0702170d0f02020b1c000b191d08011b000a0f1a07010040011c09","Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?",,,,,, +13,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-make-a-wish-foundation-wishes-fully-vaccinated-children/,Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?4:14 PM 07/20/2021Mecca Fowler | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the Make-A-Wish Foundation is only granting wishes to children who are fully vaccinated. Verdict: False While Make-A-Wish is requiring families to be vaccinated for wishes involving air travel and large crowds, it is not denying wishes to unvaccinated children. The claim appears to stem from a misunderstanding of a video from the Make-A-Wish CEO. Fact Check: The Make-A-Wish Foundation is a non-profit organization that grants wishes to critically ill children, according to the foundation’s website. Now, a post on Facebook claims the organization decided to only grant wishes to children who are fully vaccinated. The coronavirus pandemic put thousands of wishes on hold due to stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions and event cancellations, NBC South Florida reported in May 2020. Other children had to alter their wishes, according to USA Today. There is no evidence, however, that Make-A-Wish is refusing to grant wishes to unvaccinated children. An internet search conducted by Check Your Fact found no media outlets reporting that the foundation is mandating vaccines before children can receive wishes, only other fact-checking outlets debunking the claim. The claim appears to stem from a deceptively edited video shared on Twitter, that showed Make-A-Wish CEO Richard Davis speaking about updates to Make-A-Wish’s COVID-19 policies. In the edited video, Davis says wishes involving air travel within the U.S. and large gatherings will resume September 15, but will require all participants, including the child making a wish, to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. The Twitter video, which was originally sent in an email to Make-A-Wish families, was edited to end before Davis finished explaining which children would be eligible for wishes involving air travel and large gatherings, the Associated Press reported. (RELATED: Does The Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine Contain Graphene Oxide?) The foundation on June 28 published a statement on its website clarifying the misinformation surrounding its vaccine policy. “Make-A-Wish has not, does not and will not deny wishes to children who are not vaccinated,” the statement reads, in part. “Since the beginning of the pandemic, Make-A-Wish has safely granted over 6,500 wishes to children and families – regardless of vaccination status. Make-A-Wish will continue to grant wishes to children who are not vaccinated.” The statement goes on to explain that there are other types of wishes to choose from that don’t require being vaccinated, such as road trips, shopping sprees, meeting a celebrity and room decorations. The vaccine policy does not apply to children who have received a terminal prognosis, according to the statement. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsMecca FowlerContributor","https://www.facebook.com/MarchAgainstCorruption/posts/2326354117495293,https://wish.org/about-us,https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/coronavirus/make-a-wish-trying-to-make-dreams-come-true-during-pandemic/2227685/,https://www.usatoday.com/story/lifestyle/2020/08/19/make-a-wish-still-helping-dreams-come-true-during-pandemic-mdash-just-different-ones/113347928/,https://www.google.com/search?q=Make-A-wish+refusing+to+grant+wishes+unvaccinated+children&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS890US890&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjmpTgo_LxAhVrElkFHSLbCVsQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://twitter.com/Pelham_3/status/1407964106653536256,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-business-6ecfe4db4e9eef5d0577a11aaba0f985,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/12/fact-check-pfizer-covid-vaccine-graphene-oxide/,https://wish.org/news-releases/vaccine-policy,https://wish.org/news-releases/vaccine-policy",Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?,,,,,, +14,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-protest-france-covid-measures/,Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?2:20 PM 07/20/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Instagram allegedly shows a recent protest in France against COVID-19 mitigation measures.   View this post on Instagram   A post shared by CBK (@cbk.news) Verdict: False The photo, which dates back to 2018, shows celebrations of France’s FIFA World Cup victory that year. Fact Check: The image of a woman holding a French flag while a massive crowd gathers below on the Champs-Elysees avenue in Paris has circulated on Instagram and Facebook recently. In numerous instances, users alleged in the captions that it depicts a protest against the French government’s new COVID-19 mitigation measures. The French government recently announced measures that will mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for all health care workers and that will require people get special health passes documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from it to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, according to Reuters. The announcement of those measures resulted in over 100,000 people protesting across France this past weekend, the Associated Press reported. A reverse image search revealed the photo actually dates back to 2018 and shows people in Paris celebrating the French national soccer team winning the FIFA World Cup. France won the World Cup that year after beating Croatia 4-2 in the final match, NPR reported. AFP photographer Ludovic Marin took the picture. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Cuban Farmer Before Being Executed For Refusing To Work For The Castro Regime) “This picture taken from the top of the Arch of Triumph (Arc de Triomphe) on July 15, 2018 shows people celebrating France’s victory in the Russia 2018 World Cup final football match between France and Croatia, on the Champs-Elysees avenue in Paris,” reads the caption on Getty Images. Photos taken of people in Paris protesting against France’s new COVID-19 measures can be found on Reuters Connect and AP Images. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Av.+des+Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,+75008+Paris,+France/@48.8729602,2.2956639,565m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66fc4f8007851:0x5aa1a787f38f64f6!8m2!3d48.8729602!4d2.2978526,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/,https://www.facebook.com/sue.rhodes.7140/posts/332635195233853,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-broadens-use-covid-19-health-pass-slashes-fines-2021-07-19/,https://apnews.com/article/europe-business-health-government-and-politics-france-d25494f4cf4ca6c6d1464188a89ece6f,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.npr.org/2018/07/15/629245670/france-wins-world-cup,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/10/fact-check-cuban-farmer-executed-castro-regime/,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.reutersconnect.com/all?search=all%3Aprotest%20paris,https://www.apimages.com/Search?query=paris+vaccine+protest&ss=10&st=kw&entitysearch=&toItem=15&orderBy=Newest&searchMediaType=allmedia,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?,,,,,, +15,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-image-farmers-protesting-new-zealand/,Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?1:28 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows farmers protesting on tractors in New Zealand. Verdict: False The image, which was taken in 2019, actually shows a farmers’ protest in the Netherlands, not New Zealand. Fact Check: In recent days, New Zealand farmers have been participating in a demonstration called “Howl Of A Protest,” and have been driving their tractors into cities, causing traffic jams, Reuters reported. The farmers are protesting the New Zealand government’s environmental and climate change policies, among other regulations, that some believe are hurting their business, according to the outlet. Now some social media users have been sharing an image, supposedly from the protests, showing dozens of tractors driving down one side of a highway. “Farmer’s protest today! pukekohe to Auckland,” the image’s caption reads. “Standing up to our tyrannical government that are land grabbing and destroying farmer’s lively hoods. We need to support them for the farmers feed us!” The image does not, however, show the recent New Zealand protests. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found a near-identical photo on Shutterstock. The image shared on Facebook appears to have flipped and cropped the original photo. The photo was actually taken in the Netherlands in 2019, according to its caption on Shutterstock. “Farmers block the A28 Highway with their tractors between Hoogeveen and Meppel in The Netherlands, 01 October 2019,” the image’s caption reads. “The farmers joined a national protest in The Hague.” (RELATED: Did Stacey Abrams Say, ‘We Don’t Need Farmers, When We Have Grocery Stores’?) The 2019 protest was in response to proposed measures of reducing nitrogen emissions that some farmers felt unfairly targeted their profession, NPR reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/bettina.barbie/posts/10224701620075561,https://www.reuters.com/world/farmers-protesting-tractors-take-streets-new-zealand-2021-07-16/,https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/farmers-protest-in-the-hague-hoogeven-netherlands-01-oct-2019-10431957a,https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/farmers-protest-in-the-hague-hoogeven-netherlands-01-oct-2019-10431957a,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/22/fact-check-stacey-abrams-dont-need-farmers-have-grocery-stores/,https://www.npr.org/2019/10/01/766012978/tractor-trail-of-protesting-dutch-farmers-snarls-traffic-for-hundreds-of-miles,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d6b3bbbfbaaf96b2b7bfbaafb5b7babab3a4b8b3a1a5b0b9a3b8b2b7a2bfb9b8f8b9a4b1",Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?,,,,,, +16,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-solar-eclipse-international-space-station/,Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?11:44 AM 07/20/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims to show a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. Verdict: False The image is a piece of digital artwork, not a photo taken from the International Space Station. Fact Check: The International Space Station, which orbits about 250 miles above the earth, was assembled in parts between 1998 and 2011, according to NASA. 2020 marked the International Space Station’s 20th year of astronaut crews living on it, the Associated Press reported. The Facebook post claims to show a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon moves between the sun and the earth and blocks the sun’s light, casting a shadow on earth, according to NASA. (RELATED: Is This Image The ‘First Ever’ Photo Of A Sunset On Mars?) While the picture does contain some actual imagery of space, it is not a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact discovered it is actually a piece of digital artwork created by Deviant Art user A4size-ska using software called Terragen 2. The image of the Milky Way in the background of the piece comes from the European Space Observatory. The inaccurate claim that the image shows a solar eclipse “viewed from the International Space Station” has circulated online since at least 2012. In an article for Discover Magazine that year, astronomer Phil Plait debunked the claim, noting that “the bright Earth (and Sun!) would wash out the background stars in a picture like this, so you’d not see them, and certainly not the Milky Way.” Gizmodo also reported that the image was a “3D rendering made in Terragen 2” by the Deviant Art user. This isn’t the first time social media users have mistaken a piece of digital artwork as a genuine photo taken of space. In February, Check Your Fact debunked an image some Facebook users claimed to show “Earth, Venus and Jupiter as seen from Mars” that, in actuality, was computer-generated. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/100122238376496/photos/a.154075826314470/341928764195841/?type=3&theater,https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Space-Station,https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-the-iss-58.html,https://apnews.com/article/russia-70f64e672c35638d7580a95799e6f54f,https://www.facebook.com/100122238376496/photos/a.154075826314470/341928764195841/?type=3&theater,https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-an-eclipse-k4,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/03/17/fact-check-first-ever-photo-sunset-mars-illustration/,https://www.deviantart.com/a4size-ska/art/Eclipse-144235675,http://www.planetside.co.uk/downloads/tg2deep/dru9uwepuxu3haka/Terragen2Deep25050.shtml,https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0932a/,https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/a-fake-and-a-real-view-of-the-solar-eclipse-from-space,https://www.syfy.com/author/phil-plait,https://gizmodo.com/this-mind-blowing-image-of-the-eclipse-cant-possibly-be-5912184,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/02/26/fact-check-image-earth-venus-jupiter-mars/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?,,,,,, +17,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-chief-justice-john-roberts-arrested/,Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?10:25 AM 07/20/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts has been arrested and charged for child trafficking, among other charges. Verdict: False There is no record of Roberts being arrested for child trafficking, or any other charges. Fact Check: “Breaking News! Chief Justice John Roberts has been arrested for child trafficking, plus other charges!” the July 14 Facebook post reads, citing someone named Scott Brunswick as the source of the claim. Brunswick has previously been cited as the source for other Facebook posts, including one that falsely claimed former President Donald Trump retained full control of the military. There is no evidence, however, that Roberts was arrested for child trafficking, or anything else. Check Your Fact searched press releases from the Supreme Court and the FBI, but found no mention of Roberts being arrested. Had the chief justice been arrested, major media outlets almost certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. While Supreme Court Justices are able to hold office “as long as they choose,” according to the Supreme Court’s website, they are able to be removed by impeachment. Justices can be impeached for committing “treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors,” per the U.S. Constitution. If Roberts was arrested for child trafficking, he would likely be susceptible to an impeachment charge from Congress, but there has not been any congressional action taken against him, according to Congress.gov. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Chief Justice John Roberts With Ghislaine Maxwell) Roberts most recently released a statement July 1 marking the end of the term, and the start of Supreme Court recess until October. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4383237421741022,https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4265374396860659,https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/press/pressreleases.aspx,https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel,https://news.google.com/search?q=chief%20justice%20roberts%20arrested&hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen,https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/faq_general.aspx,https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript,https://www.congress.gov/search?q=%7B%22source%22%3A%22all%22%2C%22congress%22%3A%22117%22%2C%22search%22%3A%22john+roberts%22%7D,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/21/fact-check-photo-john-roberts-ghislaine-maxwell-jean-luc-brunel/,https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/press/pressreleases/pr_07-01-21",Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?,,,,,, +18,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-protest-cuba-argentina-soccer/,Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?7:09 PM 07/19/2021Alexis Enderle | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows a large nighttime anti-government protest in Cuba on July 17. Verdict: False The video shows soccer fans celebrating in Buenos Aires, Argentina, after the country’s team won the Copa América final against Brazil. Fact Check: Widespread anti-government protests erupted across Cuba starting July 11, according to The Wall Street Journal. Cubans are protesting the Communist-run government, food and medicine shortages and electricity outages, among other things, the Associated Press reported. Misinformation related to the Cuban anti-government protests has circulated widely on social media in recent days. The inaccurate claim that the video, which has garnered over 1,400 views so far, shows a nighttime protest in the country “right now” is one such example. It actually shows Argentinians in Buenos Aires celebrating the national soccer team’s victory over Brazil in the Copa América final on July 10. The well-known Obelisco de Buenos Aires can be seen in the video lit up with blue lights. Similar footage shared by The Guardian’s soccer-focused Youtube channel, Guardian Football, shows a large crowd of Argentina soccer fans celebrating the July 10 win in the Plaza de la Republica, where the monument is located. The description of Guardian Football’s video containing the similar footage reads in part, “Thousands took to the streets in Buenos Aires on Saturday night after Argentina beat its historic rival Brazil in the Copa América final.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?) Reuters also published footage depicting Argentina soccer fans on July 10 celebrating the win in Buenos Aires. Amongst the large crowd, the blue-lit obelisk can be seen, according to the Reuters video. Check Your Fact previously debunked an image of thousands of people gathered in a street that some social media users claimed showed an anti-government protest in Cuba. That photo actually captured part of a 2011 demonstration in Egypt. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsAlexis EnderleContributor","https://www.facebook.com/berit.larsen.798/videos/616304286000528,https://www.wsj.com/articles/cuba-protests-whats-happening-11626112390,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-business-health-cuba-53b679e5500247f8bf6195b692015605,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.facebook.com/berit.larsen.798/videos/616304286000528,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/11/1015105606/lionel-messi-sends-argentina-to-victory-over-brazil-in-copa-america-final,https://turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/en/otros-establecimientos/obelisk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsYxxeeXoo8,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNHqb1IRxQ5WBsWtO53JL2g,https://www.google.com/maps/search/obelisco+de+buenos+aires/@-34.6036415,-58.3816822,113m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsYxxeeXoo8,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/argentina-beat-brazil-1-0-win-copa-america-2021-07-11/,https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/argentina-beat-brazil-1-0-win-copa-america-2021-07-11/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/",Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, +19,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-kayleigh-mcenany-jfk-granddaughter/,Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?5:18 PM 07/19/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims former White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany is the granddaughter of former President John F. Kennedy and daughter of John F. Kennedy Jr. Verdict: False Kayleigh McEnany is the daughter of Michael McEnany and Leanne McEnany. She is not directly related to John F. Kennedy. Fact Check: The image includes a photo of Kayleigh McEnany surrounded by photos of Jacqueline Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy. Text in the photo lists John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy as Kayleigh McEnany’s grandparents and John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy as her parents. There is, however, no evidence Kayleigh McEnany is directly related to John F. Kennedy. Kayleigh McEnany was born in 1988 to parents Michael and Leanne McEnany, according to the Tampa Bay Times. (RELATED: No, JFK Jr. Is Not Still Alive) John F. Kennedy had four children, none of whom were named Michael or Leanne. His children were named Arabella, Caroline, John and Patrick, The Sun reported. Arabella was stillborn, according to the outlet, and Patrick died days after he was born, The New York Times reported. John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife Carolyn and his sister-in-law all died in a plane crash off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard in July 1999, according to The New York Times. John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn were married in 1996, eight years after Kayleigh McEnany was born, and they never had children, Heavy reported. John F. Kennedy Jr.’s sister, Caroline, is the mother of John F. Kennedy’s only grandchildren, and none are named Kayleigh. Caroline’s children are named Rose, Tatiana and Jack, according to Town & Country magazine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10222895788397911&set=gm.1464023903965607&type=3&eid=ARDNAgjPEzV_AymNuQSZ5puq-upKAHuwusnxRODXLXo2ICQIfcRPRqyXhvu4Aq9KcMnPMfUQmG0xX0cf&__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARCBWklaLyXx2uXtogxb2NmN8rAdI5Cw4Od26ROgLo0kgOuCBVt0L9U6Wy61mDKS7g3K1XWDMCzlIJJlpN3GQE-DSXCKMDc6g_YHPqfYEeParkqSXhr_7jOUmFlMg9XjJrzuqHPjUw035l_HQAdJKwc6S03oTE4IDUcwZOjgzGX1j5JK--Yz-lJVtXWFYweUQTThKQwif0ETY6gfovnEeGgLeSC-exVm_6cARLE50ypE-MhsHaJzhGcCPuEpoH1ZH-D9tGEl09emfdI6csdvw-En1RXvtaam5cU,https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-kayleigh-mcenany-bio-life-facts-trump-rnc-cnn-2017-8#during-the-campaign-mcenany-frequently-appeared-as-a-trump-surrogate-most-prominently-on-cnn-where-she-was-a-paid-commentator-who-promoted-trumps-platform-and-debated-with-left-leaning-and-anti-trump-commentators-10,https://www.tampabay.com/news/hillsborough/2019/10/31/kayleigh-mcenany-highlights-hillsborough-gop-lincoln-day-dinner/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/09/fact-check-jfk-jr-is-not-alive/,https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/7708799/john-f-kennedy-president-jfk-assassination-kids-caroline-john-jr-patrick-arabella/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210619091532/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/30/health/a-kennedy-babys-life-and-death.html,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://heavy.com/entertainment/2019/01/jfk-jr-carolyn-bessette-children-kids-wife/#:~:text=Getty%20JFK%20Jr.,Bessette%2C%20did%20not%20have%20children.,https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/g2178/young-kennedys/",Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?,,,,,, +20,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-greta-thunberg-sticker-car-flood-germany/,Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?4:40 PM 07/19/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows an anti-Greta Thunberg sticker on a car stuck in a flood. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False The sticker has been digitally edited into the photo. Fact Check: The picture of the BMW supposedly sporting a “Fuck You Greta!” sticker on the back windshield has circulated on Facebook in recent days. The alleged sticker appears to reference Thunberg, a well-known Swedish environmental activist. The image also went viral on Twitter, where one iteration has received over 1,200 retweets and 9,000 likes as of press time. The anti-Thunberg sticker has been photoshopped into the picture, a reverse image search revealed. The original photo, taken by photographer David Young, can be found in a July 16 article about cars that was published by the German newspaper Bild in connection to flooding in Germany. In the unaltered picture, there are no stickers visible on the car’s window. Countries in Western Europe were recently hit by deadly floods, with at least 160 people having been killed by them in Germany, according to the Associated Press. At least 31 people in Belgium have died in the floods, the outlet reported Monday. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Greta Thunberg Eating On A Train While Children Watch From Outside) One Twitter user who shared the image later appeared to clarify that it was doctored, saying in part, “Apparently the bumper sticker is photoshopped in, which isn’t surprising since this is in Germany, so presumably it would be in German (or Belgian, Dutch) if it were real.” Apparently the bumper sticker is photoshopped in, which isn’t surprising since this is in Germany, so presumably it would be in German (or Belgian, Dutch) if it were real. I just saw it somewhere and copied it, not expecting it to blow up, lol. pic.twitter.com/FGXU56KurC — #Doomberg: Marxist-Yeagerist ⌬ (@delmoi) July 17, 2021 “I just saw it somewhere and copied it, not expecting it to blow up, lol,” the same user went on to say in the July 17 tweet. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/marynunzianteQ/posts/2313976515400706,https://www.facebook.com/marynunzianteQ/posts/2313976515400706,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Greta-Thunberg,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416239004610093056,https://www.bild.de/auto/service/service/hochwasser-schaeden-am-auto-welche-versicherung-zahlt-65678570.bild.html,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/flooding-in-germany-europe-deaths-hundreds-missing-2021-07-19/,https://apnews.com/article/europe-germany-floods-662f251959433bdbbc251631460e4314,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/02/28/fact-check-greta-thunberg-eating-train-children-watch/,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://t.co/FGXU56KurC,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?,,,,,, +21,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-elephant-carrying-lion-cub/,Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?1:27 PM 07/19/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 250 times allegedly shows an elephant carrying a lion cub while a lioness walks beside them. Verdict: False The photo of the elephant has been photoshopped to include a lioness and lion cub. The image was originally created for an April Fools’ Day prank. Fact Check: The image seemingly showing a lioness padding alongside an elephant holding a cub with its trunk has circulated online for several years. “It was considered the best photo of this century,” text inside the image states. “A lioness and her cub were crossing the savannah but the heat was excessive and the cub was in great difficulty walking. An elephant realized that the cub would die and carried him in his trunk to a pool of water walking beside his mother. And we call them wild animals.” The image is photoshopped. The unaltered picture of the elephant can be found on Wikimedia Commons. In the original photo, there are no lions accompanying the elephant as it crosses a dirt path. (RELATED: Did Russia Let Over 500 Lions Loose To Keep People Indoors During The Coronavirus Pandemic?) Kruger Sightings, an online service that shares wildlife sightings at South Africa’s Kruger National Park, first tweeted the altered picture on April 1, 2018, with a similar story accompanying it. The caption credits the photo to “Sloof Lirpa,” which is “April Fools” written backwards. Nadav Ossendryver, the founder of Kruger Sightings, said that it was created as a 2018 April Fools’ Day prank and that it quickly went viral, according to Business Insider South Africa. Ossendryver said some media outlets reached out to him at the time asking for permission to use it, the outlet reported. Despite Kruger Sightings also posting on its website in 2018 that the photoshopped image was an April Fools joke, some social media users have continued to share it, seemingly believing it is a genuine photo of an elephant helping a lioness and her cub. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/jackmason1953/posts/10222471645914304,https://www.facebook.com/jackmason1953/posts/10222471645914304,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elephant_side-view_Kruger.jpg,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/03/24/fact-check-russia-500-lions-look-streets-coronavirus/,https://twitter.com/LatestKruger/status/980344432393375744?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E980344432393375744%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.co.za%2Fsa-elephant-picture-fools-20-million-people-2018-4,https://www.businessinsider.co.za/sa-elephant-picture-fools-20-million-people-2018-4,https://www.latestsightings.com/single-post/2018/04/01/How-To-Make-Your-April-Fools-Joke-Go-Viral,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4c383e293a233e0c2f24292f273523393e2a2d2f38622f2321",Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?,,,,,, +22,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-italians-celebrating-european-championship-soccer-firecrackers/,Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?12:29 PM 07/19/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook claims to show Italians celebrating the men’s national team’s recent victory in the 2020 European Championship soccer tournament by igniting a long line of firecrackers. Verdict: False The video shows a religious festival in Taiwan in April, not a soccer celebration in Italy. Fact Check: Italy’s national men’s soccer team won the 2020 European Championship after defeating England on July 11, a win that prompted celebrations across the country, according to The New York Times. Now, a July 13 video claims to show supporters of the team setting off a long line of red firecrackers in the street. “Italy’s celebration on euro cup winning,” reads the post’s caption. “No pollution for them ,only India’s Dipawali crackers pollute the world!” (RELATED: Does This Image Show Italian Police Laying Down Their Equipment In Solidarity With People Protesting COVID-19 Restrictions?) Dipawali, or Diwali, is India’s most important holiday, and is typically celebrated with a large festival in which firecrackers and fireworks are ignited, a tradition that has been criticized for contributing to air pollution, according to NPR. The Facebook video does not, however, show a celebration in Italy. Through a reverse image search of key frames, Check Your Fact found similar footage posted on YouTube in April by Taiwanese news outlet Sanli News Network with the title: “Firecrackers stretch for 500 meters to welcome Baishatun Mazu enthusiastically.” The Baishatun Mazu (or Matsu) Pilgrimage is an annual religious festival in which tens of thousands of people walk 400 kilometers across Taiwan to honor the sea goddess Matsu, according to the Taipei Times. This year’s pilgrimage began on April 11, the outlet reported. Firecrackers are often set off along the route to celebrate the deity, according to Taiwan Panorama. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/hemant.sahasrabuddhe1/videos/322341792929435,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/11/sports/soccer/italy-wins-european-championship.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/09/fact-check-image-italian-police-equipment-solidarity-protesting-covid-19-restrictions/,https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/diwali,https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/11/12/934097578/fireworks-of-diwali-spark-worries-about-pollution-and-coronavirus-cases,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2W9nVfMDbU&t=324s,https://www.setn.com/,https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/04/12/2003755516,https://www.taiwan-panorama.com/en/Articles/Details?Guid=33d9ab7c-b4f1-4ebf-9223-7af588f879db,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1c79717570655c787d7570657f7d7070796e72796b6f7a736972787d6875737232736e7b",Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?,,,,,, +23,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-water-cannons-french-protesting-covid-vaccinations/,Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?10:59 AM 07/19/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows a crowd of French citizens who were protesting “President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations” being dispersed with water cannons. Verdict: False The video shows a protest in Kenya, not France. Fact Check: The 31-second video shows an aerial view of people running in different directions on a street as two vehicles shoot water cannons at them. The caption of the video reads, “Resistance begins to mount against President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Kenyans In Nairobi Protesting In Solidarity With Nigerians In June 2021?) That description of the video, however, is inaccurate. A keyword search of terms associated with the video turned up several YouTube videos showing the same footage, all of which indicate it actually shows a protest at the University of Nairobi in Kenya. Several landmarks in the video match those visible in a Google Maps street view of University Way, confirming the incident occurred near the University of Nairobi. Kenyan riot police have used water cannons and tear gas on multiple occasions in recent years to disperse protests in Nairobi, and it is unclear which exact demonstration the video shows. Last week, Kenyan riot police used tear gas against University of Nairobi students who were protesting the university’s decision to raise tuition fees, according to AFP. During a recent televised speech, French President Emmanuel Macron announced that due to a recent rise in COVID-19 cases in the country, vaccines would become mandatory for health care workers by September 15, according to France24. He has not mandated COVID-19 vaccines for all French citizens at the time of publication. The French president announced in the same address that starting in August, anyone who wants to go to certain venues such as restaurants, bars and malls must have a special “health pass” documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from it, according to NPR. The announced rules prompted protests in parts of France, according to Reuters. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/21/fact-check-photo-kenyans-protesting-solidarity-nigerians/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHhKt0-wMqE,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeOtrxrmLWk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpGlJ4US3rs,https://www.google.com/maps/@-1.2809558,36.8164636,3a,75y,166.43h,96.47t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sbDS3zP6e--ba8wa9_BX46g!2e0!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-kenya-police-idUKKCN1C81B6,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-36251822,https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/07/kenya-protesters-clash-with-police-in-nairobi-over-covid-curfews-and-restrictions/,https://www.euronews.com/2016/05/16/tear-gas-and-water-cannon-fired-on-protesters-in-kenya,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/kenyan-police-tear-gas-protesting-150855698.html,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzOXfvVipvs,https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210712-follow-live-france-s-macron-addresses-the-nation-as-covid-19-delta-variant-surges,https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/07/13/1015591406/french-people-rush-for-vaccines-after-macron-ties-a-new-health-pass-to-cafe-life,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-police-quell-protest-against-covid-health-passport-rules-2021-07-14/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d2b7bfbbbeab92b6b3bbbeabb1b3bebeb7a0bcb7a5a1b4bda7bcb6b3a6bbbdbcfcbda0b5",Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?,,,,,, +24,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-image-joe-biden-kneeling-israeli-president/,Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?5:00 PM 07/16/2021Charlese Freeman | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims President Joe Biden kneeled before former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin and pledged his “unconditional support to Israeli.” Verdict: False The image actually shows Biden kneeling in admiration of Rivlin’s chief of staff, Rivka Ravitz, who has 12 children. The claim appears to stem from a website that does not guarantee the “accuracy, completeness or usefulness” of its information. Fact Check: The July 8 post includes what appears to be a screen grab of an article with a featured image showing Biden on one knee in front of Rivlin and Ravitz. The article’s headline reads: “Biden Literally Kneels Before Israeli President in Bizarre and Humiliating Display — Pledges Unconditional Support to Israel.” Biden was not, however, kneeling  before the former president as a display of “unconditional support” to Israel. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the image published in a July 2 article by the Times of Israel. Biden knelt in front of Ravitz in awe of the fact that she has 12 children, the outlet reported. Rivlin met with Biden at the White House in late June to “reset” the relationship between Israel and the U.S., the Washington Post reported. During the meeting, Biden said his commitment to Israel is “ironclad,” according to a transcript of remarks published by the White House. (RELATED: Does This Image Show Mark Zuckerberg Holding An ‘I Stand With Israel’ Sign?) The article in the screen grab appears to have been published by the website en Volve. En Volve includes a disclaimer under the “Website Terms Of Use” section that says: “We do not warrant the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of this information. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk.” Despite the disclaimer included on en Volve’s website, social media users have shared the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing the baseless claim to be genuine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsCharlese FreemanContributor","https://www.facebook.com/sweetie.cochran/posts/10226994121745995,https://www.facebook.com/sweetie.cochran/posts/10226994121745995,https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-kneels-before-rivlin-aide-after-learning-she-has-12-kids/,https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-kneels-before-rivlin-aide-after-learning-she-has-12-kids/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/28/joe-biden-live-updates/,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/06/28/remarks-by-president-biden-and-president-rivlin-of-the-state-of-israel-before-bilateral-meeting/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/05/29/fact-check-mark-zuckerberg-stand-israel-sign/,https://en-volve.com/2021/07/05/in-humiliating-display-biden-literally-kneels-before-israeli-president-and-pledges-unconditional-support-to-israel/,https://en-volve.com/terms-of-service/",Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?,,,,,, +25,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-boris-johnson-black-eye-covid-19-briefing/,Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?3:37 PM 07/16/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook purportedly shows a BBC News segment where U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson has a black eye. Verdict: False The video has been digitally altered. The original video does not show Johnson with a black eye or any visible injury. Fact Check: Johnson announced all remaining coronavirus restrictions in England would be lifted on July 19, despite a recent surge in COVID-19 cases, according to the Associated Press. The country began slowly lifting restrictions in March, starting with reopening schools, the outlet reported. Now, a video on Facebook seemingly shows a news segment aired on BBC News of Johnson speaking with a black eye. The video was first shared on TikTok July 12 and has over 35,000 likes and 6,100 comments. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Boris Johnson With Ghislaine Maxwell?) The video, however, appears to have been doctored to include the black eye. Check Your Fact found the original video posted on YouTube by BBC on July 12. In the original segment, Johnson is shown speaking at a press conference about England removing the last of the COVID-19 restrictions, and he does not have a black eye. If Johnson actually gave a press briefing while having a black eye, media outlets likely would have reported on it, yet none have. In 2011, when Johnson was the mayor of London, the Evening Standard reported he showed up to vote with a black eye he received after hitting a security barrier headfirst while cycling. Over 1,200 scientists signed a letter to The Lancet criticizing Johnson’s plan to lift COVID-19 restrictions on July 19, calling the decision a “dangerous and unethical experiment,” according to The Guardian. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/scott.keen.94/videos/4506509099393448,https://apnews.com/article/europe-business-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-3776cfdb1c180720b9ea000a2c65618b,https://www.tiktok.com/@hussainalsalman0/video/6984081554679041285?is_copy_url=1&is_from_webapp=v1,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/07/07/fact-check-photo-boris-johnson-ghislaine-maxwell-allegra-mostyn-owen/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMUAtuMqgzs,https://www.google.com/search?q=boris+johnson+black+eye&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ9dD2iujxAhVmkeAKHZyNCMIQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=729,https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/boris-johnson-turns-out-to-vote-sporting-an-unsightly-black-eye-6398644.html,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01589-0/fulltext,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/16/englands-covid-unlocking-a-threat-to-the-world-experts-say,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?,,,,,, +26,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-barack-obama-bobi-wine/,Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture8:53 AM 07/16/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows former President Barack Obama and former Ugandan presidential candidate Bobi Wine posing for a picture. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False The image has been digitally altered to include Wine. The original image shows Obama and the Argentinian ambassador to the U.S. in 2016. Fact Check: In the image, Obama and Wine look like they are posing for a photo in what appears to be the Oval Office of the White House. Wine wears a double-breasted suit with a red pocket square. (RELATED: Did Haitian President Jovenel Moise Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?) The picture, however, has been digitally altered, a reverse image search revealed. The original photo, found in a January 2016 Mendoza Post article, actually shows Obama standing with Argentina’s then-ambassador to the U.S Martín Lousteau. Wine has been digitally superimposed over Lousteau. While Check Your Fact was unable to identify the original source of the Wine photo, pictures of Wine wearing a similar suit can be found online. For example, he wore it in 2020 while wearing a face mask. He can also be seen wearing it in a photo published by The Standard. Social media users have previously spread false information about Wine and U.S. politicians. In December 2020, Check Your Fact debunked the claim that Obama and President Joe Biden tweeted “#FreeBobiWine” after Wine was arrested. Wine lost the 2021 Ugandan presidential election to long-time president Yoweri Museveni, according to CNN. Wine challenged the election results and said he had evidence of fraud, but ultimately withdrew his challenge, The Associated Press reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2837470679845830&set=a.1402770259982553,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2837470679845830&set=a.1402770259982553,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/,https://www.mendozapost.com/nota/27841-lousteau-embajador-en-washington-fue-recibido-por-obama/,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1692450097582120&set=a.106466696180476,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001392903/bobi-wine-celebrates-wife-barbie-in-moving-message,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/23/fact-check-barack-obama-joe-biden-tweets-free-bobi-wine/,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/16/africa/uganda-presidential-election-yoweri-museveni-bobi-wine-intl/index.html,https://apnews.com/article/yoweri-museveni-elections-bobi-wine-africa-uganda-88085eefd624de960d32fc7f36f2472d,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture,,,,,, +27,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/,Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?6:27 PM 07/15/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the late former president of Haiti Jovenel Moïse told the media the day before he was assassinated that he would expose fraud by the Clinton Foundation. Verdict: False There is no evidence Moïse announced he would expose the Clinton Foundation. The claim appears to stem from a satirical article. Fact Check: A team of gunmen assassinated Moïse and injured his wife in their home on July 7, the Associated Press reported. Now, an image on Facebook seemingly shows a screen grab of an article bearing the headline: “BREAKING: Haitian President Jovenel Moïse to expose Clinton Foundation fraud tomorrow.” Additional text in the image reads, “Last tuesday the president of Haiti told on msm he was gonna expose the Clinton Foundation, one day later he was dead….” Former president and then-U.N. Special Envoy to Haiti Bill Clinton and then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton were criticized for their performance in helping to lead recovery efforts after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti which resulted in an estimated 220,000 deaths, according to BBC News. The Clinton Foundation drew criticism and accusations of corruption related to its involvement in aid work and funding following the disaster, the outlet reported. There is no record of Moïse telling the media he planned to reveal fraud perpetrated by the Clinton Foundation. None of the Haitian Ministry of Communication’s 2021 press releases mention the Clinton Foundation. Nor do any of Moïse’s social media posts. An internet search turned up no media reports of Moïse ever saying he was planning to “expose” the Clinton Foundation. Moïse met and spoke with Bill Clinton in September 2018 during the Bloomberg Global Business Forum in New York, and tweeted that the exchange was “a pleasure.” (RELATED: Did Haiti’s First Lady Martine Moïse Die?) The screen grabbed article in the Facebook post appears to stem from an article published on the Genesius Times, a website that describes itself as, “The most reliable source of fake news on the planet.” While the Genesius Times clearly disclaims that the articles on its website are not factual, some social media users have been sharing the claim without such a warning, passing the information off as genuine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=272178751373056&id=100057427993205,https://apnews.com/article/haiti-president-jovenel-moise-killed-b56a0f8fec0832028bdc51e8d59c6af2,https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37826098,https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37826098,https://www.communication.gouv.ht/rubrique/communiques/,https://twitter.com/search?q=%22Clinton%20Foundation%22%20(from%3Amoisejovenel)&src=typed_query,https://www.facebook.com/page/1390429167954248/search/?q=Clinton%20Foundation,https://www.google.com/search?q=Jovenel+Mo%C3%AFse+Clinton+Foundation&ei=LZDvYICdIpWp5NoPv8K38AU&oq=Jovenel+Mo%C3%AFse+Clinton+Foundation&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKsCSgQIQRgBUOkFWJYdYKYiaAFwAHgAgAFviAGaA5IBAzUuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjA5-yN9-PxAhWVFFkFHT_hDV4Q4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://twitter.com/moisejovenel/status/1044988661195051010,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/12/fact-check-haiti-first-lady-martine-moise-die/,https://genesiustimes.com/haitian-president-jovenel-moise-to-expose-clinton-foundation-fraud-tomorrow/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#01757364776e7341626964626a786e7473676062752f626e6c",Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?,,,,,, +28,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-water-cannon-protesters-south-africa/,Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?5:19 PM 07/15/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows South African protesters being hit with a water cannon. Verdict: False The video, which dates back to 2017, shows Venezuelan protesters being hit with a water cannon. Fact Check: The 18-second video shows a group of protesters, some wearing helmets and carrying shields, being blasted and scattered by a water cannon from a nearby armored vehicle. The caption reads, “A water cannon for riots in South Africa.” Rioting and looting recently broke out in parts of South Africa after former President Jacob Zuma started serving his 15-month jail sentence for contempt of court, according to The Wall Street Journal. The South African military has been deployed to quell the unrest that has left over 70 dead, according to CNN. While water cannons have, according to Eyewitness News and News24, reportedly been used on protesters in South Africa, the video was not taken during the current unrest there. The video dates back to at least 2017, with it being posted on Twitter with a caption indicating it was filmed in Venezuela. Rioters vs. Watercanons 😳Venezuelan protesters are cleaned up by a water cannon from China as artillery for the violent anti-gov riots! pic.twitter.com/3zJGP0y57B — IFL Fighting (@IFLfighting) May 16, 2017 “Rioters vs. Watercanons (sic),” reads the tweet’s caption. “Venezuelan protesters are cleaned up by a water cannon from China as artillery for the violent anti-gov riots!” The version of the video in the 2017 tweet contains a watermark for the video-sharing website LiveLeak. LiveLeak has since shut down, according to The Verge. (RELATED: Are White South Africans Banned From Receiving Government Aid During The COVID-19 Pandemic?) AFP News Agency posted a different angle of the same incident on YouTube in May 2017, with the description saying, “Clashes erupted Wednesday between riot police and opposition protesters in Caracas, as 3,000 protesters headed for the Supreme Court, whose bid on April 1 to strengthen Maduro’s grip on power by stripping authority from the legislature launched a wave of protests and deadly unrest.” if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Venezuelans had frequent demonstrations across the country in protest of President Nicolas Maduro and his government in 2017, according to The Atlantic. Over 100 people in Venezuela died in four months amid the anti-government protests, BBC News reported that year. In the video of the protesters being hit with a water cannon, at least one of them is carrying a shield decorated with the colors of the Venezuelan flag: yellow, blue and red. Images and videos from the 2017 Venezuelan protests show extremely similar interactions between protesters and authorities with water cannons. For instance, protesters carrying shields can be seen squaring off against the white armored vehicles of the Venezuelan National Guard in one video shared on YouTube by the Russian video news agency Ruptly. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/desmond.downs/videos/169735215084107/,https://www.facebook.com/desmond.downs/videos/169735215084107/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/south-africa-riots-whats-happening-11626280457,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/13/africa/south-africa-violence-protests-intl/index.html,https://ewn.co.za/2021/07/12/gallery-water-cannons-rubber-bullets-and-arrests-riots-hit-hillbrow,https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/david-makhura-admits-cops-are-overstretched-as-gautengs-death-toll-rises-to-19-20210713,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248,https://t.co/3zJGP0y57B,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/7/22424356/liveleak-shock-site-shuts-down-itemfix,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/11/fact-check-white-south-africans-banned-receiving-government-aid-coronavirus-pandemic/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oQzDeL4Fn0,https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/06/months-of-anti-government-protests-continue-in-venezuela/530031/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40769737,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Venezuela,https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/06/months-of-anti-government-protests-continue-in-venezuela/530031/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#73161e1a1f0a3317121a1f0a10121f1f16011d160400151c061d1712071a1c1d5d1c0114",Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?,,,,,, +29,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-34-quintillion-gold-seized-vatican/,Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?4:20 PM 07/15/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims $34 quintillion in gold was seized from the Vatican and will be given to people globally. Verdict: False There is no evidence that $34 quintillion in gold has been taken from the Vatican to be given to “the people.” Fact Check: “Breaking News! The $34 Quintillion in gold seized from the Vatican is being distributed to the people globally,” the Facebook post reads, citing “CBK” as its source. CBK appears to stand for “Caroline Bisset (sic) Kennedy,” according to another Facebook post shared by the user. Caroline Kennedy died alongside her husband, John F. Kennedy Jr., in a plane crash in 1999 off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard, according to the New York Times. (RELATED: Was Pope Francis Arrested On Charges Including Human Trafficking And Fraud) There is, however, no evidence that $34 quintillion in gold was seized from the Vatican and will be distributed globally. A search of press releases from the Vatican, as well as the Vatican News website turned up no reports of gold being seized. Had such a large sum of gold been seized with plans to distribute to the mass public, major media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. “The claim is false,” Fr. Roger Landry, an attaché to the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations, said in an email to Check Your Fact. “A quintillion is a billion billions and there’s not even that much gold, not to mention money, in the world.” The Vatican’s net assets in 2019 were worth roughly 4 billion euros, or about 4.7 billion U.S. dollars, not including the Vatican bank or the Vatican museums, according to Reuters. The Vatican bank had $20 million in gold reserves held at the U.S. Federal Reserve, and managed $64 billion worth of assets from its customers, NASDAQ reported in 2015. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4380189458712485,https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4305472406184191,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/12/fact-check-pope-indicted-charges-child-trafficking-fraud/,https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/ricerca.html?date=2021&q=gold,https://www.vaticannews.va/en/search.html?q=gold&in=all&sorting=latest,https://www.google.com/search?q=%2434+quintilian+gold+vatican&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS890US890&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjugIi7zOXxAhUgElkFHUgRCjcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/staff.php,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-finances/vatican-releases-financial-figures-promises-transparency-idUSKBN26M5XD,https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/how-much-money-does-vatican-have-2015-07-24",Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?,,,,,, +30,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-france-protesting-lockdown-tyranny-covid/,Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?3:30 PM 07/15/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook and Twitter purportedly shows protesters in France rejecting “lockdown tyranny.” France rejects lockdown tyranny pic.twitter.com/hnKPavsVVQ — Man of Kent (@pplatesrgrate) July 14, 2021 Verdict: False The image shows a yellow vest protest that occurred in 2018, well before the COVID-19 pandemic began. Fact Check:  In recent days, Facebook and Twitter users have been sharing a photo of people seemingly protesting in front of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, claiming it shows a demonstration against “lockdown tyranny.” One iteration on Twitter has garnered over 7,000 likes to date. Amid spread of the Delta variant in the country, France recently announced that only those who have been vaccinated or tested negative for COVID-19 will be permitted in certain venues such as restaurants, bars, malls, trains and theaters starting in August, The Wall Street Journal reported. Those announced COVID-19 restrictions prompted protests in several French cities, according to EuroNews. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact discovered the photo predates the COVID-19 pandemic. The Daily Mail published the picture, credited to photographer Olivier Coret, in a November 2018 article about yellow vest protests in France. The yellow vest protests, named after the safety jackets worn by many demonstrators, came after French President Emmanuel Macron announced a green tax on diesel fuel in late 2018, according to NPR. The photo in question can also be found on Divergence Images, where it is attributed to Coret and described as showing a “demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018,” according to a Google translation. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?) In addition to protesting the diesel fuel green tax, the yellow vest protesters also called for things such as an increase in minimum wage, NPR reported. In early December 2018, the French government scrapped the added green tax on fuel before it was supposed to go into effect, according to the Associated Press. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/100000657397425/posts/4433789199986283/?d=n,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?s=21,https://t.co/hnKPavsVVQ,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Arc+de+Triomphe/@48.8737917,2.2928388,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66fec70fb1d8f:0xd9b5676e112e643d!8m2!3d48.873848!4d2.2950681,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?s=21,https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/5-things-to-know-delta-variant-covid,https://www.wsj.com/articles/france-reimposes-restrictions-as-delta-variant-spreads-11626123063,https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/14/protests-in-france-over-bid-to-restrict-those-without-both-covid-jabs,https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html,https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6424117/Paris-riot-police-blast-water-cannon-demonstrators-protesting-Macrons-fuel-tax-rise.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/?sl=auto&tl=en&text=Manifestation%20des%20Gilets%20Jaunes%20sur%20les%20Champs-Elysees%2C%20Paris%20le%2024%20novembre%202018&op=translate,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-riots-france-paris-international-news-535bcbbc3d2741d0aff14c634f1375fd,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?,,,,,, +31,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?1:23 PM 07/15/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 1,000 times allegedly shows a massive anti-government protest in Cuba this month. Verdict: False The photo actually shows a 2013 May Day parade that is unrelated to recent Cuban anti-government protests. Fact Check: Demonstrations against Cuba’s Communist-run government started in the country July 11, with thousands of Cubans decrying price increases, the government’s COVID-19 response and food and medicine shortages, BBC News reported. Many protesters have called for Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel’s resignation, according to CNN. The picture in the July 13 Facebook post shows a huge crowd stretching down Avenida Paseo in the Cuban capital city of Havana. The caption reads, “C U B A P R O T E S T I N G C O M M U N I S M.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Jill Biden Posing With Fidel Castro?) In reality, the pictured event took place over eight years ago and wasn’t held in protest against Cuba’s Communist-run government. The picture was taken in 2013 by a photographer for the Cuban government-controlled outlet CubaDebate, which reported that it shows a May Day parade on May 1 of that year. Other photos of the same parade can be found on Getty Images. Cuba’s then-President Raul Castro attended the 2013 May Day march in Havana, with participants holding pictures of him, former President Fidel Castro, and socialist former Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Reuters reported. May Day is also known as International Workers’ Day and has long been celebrated by communists, socialists and labor movements, according to NBC Chicago. Amid the widespread protests this week, the Cuban government shut off access to social media and messaging apps in the country on July 12, with service interruptions occurring into July 14, the Miami Herald reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10226115540379600&set=a.1095088542014&type=3&theater,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57830160,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/11/americas/cuba-protests/index.html,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10226115540379600&set=a.1095088542014&type=3&theater,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jos%C3%A9+Mart%C3%AD+Memorial/@23.1255174,-82.3897591,664m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x88cd79e1bd4e654b:0x2f4cd3720557f2ad!8m2!3d23.1229226!4d-82.3864972,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/07/fact-check-jill-biden-fidel-castro-jacqueline-beer/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210214074729/http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2013/05/01/presidente-cubano-raul-castro-lidera-marcha-por-el-primero-de-mayo/,https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/cuba-may-day-parade-2013?agreements=pa%253A114372%252Ced%253A7788&family=editorial&phrase=cuba%2520may%2520day%2520parade%25202013&sort=best,https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-cuba-mayday/on-may-day-cuba-remembers-best-friend-chavez-idUKBRE9400L620130501,https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/good-question-may-day/1872684/,https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article252781053.html,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#75010710031a0735161d10161e0c1a0007131416015b161a18",Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, +32,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-south-african-protesters-free-animals-hluhluwe-game-reserve/,Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?12:23 PM 07/15/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows wild dogs and an elephant running freely after being released by protesters from the Hluhluwe Game Reserve in South Africa. Verdict: False The video, which was taken in 2017, actually shows animals running freely in Kruger National Park. The video is unrelated to the ongoing protests in South Africa. Fact Check: The 20-second video shows a police vehicle on a road with several wild dogs, when suddenly an elephant emerges from the brush, chasing some of them away. “Free Zuma protesters free wild animals from the Hluhluwe Game Reserve in Kwazulu Natal by cutting the fence,” reads the video’s caption. At least 72 people have been killed in South Africa from rioting and looting in recent days prompted by the jailing of former South African President Jacob Zuma, CNN reported. Zuma was sentenced to 15 months in prison for contempt after he failed to appear in front of a commission investigating accusations of corruption, according to The New York Times. The Facebook video does not, however, show the actions of protesters. Had South African protesters released wild animals, media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. Check Your Fact found the same footage posted on YouTube in July 2017, years before Zuma’s jailing, with the title: “Elephant Shows Wild Dogs & the Police Who’s Boss.” The video was posted by the verified YouTube channel Latest Sightings, which posts videos of “authentic wildlife videos coming from around Africa,” according to its “About” section. The footage was shot by  61-year-old Beryl Venter in South Africa’s Kruger National Park, not Hluhluwe Game Reserve, according to the video’s description. (RELATED: Are White South Africans Banned From Receiving Government Aid During The COVID-19 Pandemic?) “We were on our way home from Letaba after a five-week stay in Kruger – feeling very depressed and not expecting any ‘wow’ sightings,” Venter told Latest Sightings. “We were then suddenly very excited to see the wild dogs running around and playing in the road – twenty-one of them. We were the only vehicle at the sighting. We were taking photos as if it was the last ever sighting we would have of wild dogs running around us.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/prince.chokhotho/videos/1972566899569024,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/13/africa/south-africa-violence-protests-intl/index.html,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/07/world/africa/jacob-zuma-arrested-south-africa.html,https://www.google.com/search?q=Hluhluwe+Game+Reserve+protesters&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS820US820&ei=4krvYJmLIMmntQbY-42ICw&oq=Hluhluwe+Game+Reserve+protesters&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKABOgUIIRCrAjoCCAA6BQguEMkDOgYIABAWEB46BQgAEIYDOgcIIRAKEKABSgQIQRgAUOoDWKgSYPkSaAFwAngAgAGyAYgB8AuSAQQxLjEymAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwiZhJyDtePxAhXJU80KHdh9A7EQ4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxE43y88XYE,https://www.youtube.com/c/Latestsightings/about,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/11/fact-check-white-south-africans-banned-receiving-government-aid-coronavirus-pandemic/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxE43y88XYE,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5530383c392c1531343c392c3634393930273b302226333a203b3134213c3a3b7b3a2732",Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?,,,,,, +33,,,,Misleading,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-image-electric-car-cemetery-france/,Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?5:47 PM 07/14/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 2,800 times purportedly shows an “electric car cemetery” in France. Verdict: Misleading The image shows abandoned electric cars in China, not France. Fact Check: The viral image shows what appears to be hundreds of the same, small car abandoned in a grassy field. “Electric car cemetery in France,” reads the image’s caption. “Turns out no one wants to buy an electric car once the battery is shot.” The image was not, however, taken in France. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found similar photos featured in an April 2019 article published by Shanghaiist with the headline: “LOOK: Hundreds of electric cars rust away at ‘shared car graveyard’ in Hangzhou.” The article explained the cars belonged to Microcity, a Chinese electric car rental company. Microcity reportedly claimed the cars were still in use despite users saying they were unable to locate nearby vehicles through the app, Abacus reported in March 2019. (RELATED: Did Ocasio-Cortez Tweet About Electric Cars During Hurricane Dorian?) The same images were shared on the Chinese news website NetEase News with captions that also identify the location as Hangzhou, China. Several landmarks in these photos match with those found in the image shared on Facebook, confirming the locations are the same. Hundreds of ride-sharing companies, including Microcity, opened in China in the late 2010s, a phenomenon driven in part by popularity of the industry and the abundance of electric vehicles in China, according to Abacus. Many of these companies faced economic hardship in the following years, the outlet reported. A similar photo showing a field of cars in France previously circulated on Facebook, claiming the cars had been abandoned due to their batteries no longer working. Reuters debunked the claim, saying the abandoned car lot was due to a company’s contract ending, not faulty batteries. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10223203778815102&set=a.10208178033860869&type=3,https://shanghai.ist/2019/04/25/hundreds-of-electric-cars-rust-away-at-shared-car-graveyard-in-hangzhou/,https://shanghai.ist/2019/04/25/hundreds-of-electric-cars-rust-away-at-shared-car-graveyard-in-hangzhou/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210708143817/https://www.scmp.com/abacus/tech/article/3029238/thousands-shared-electric-cars-seen-discarded-hangzhou,https://checkyourfact.com/2019/09/06/fact-check-ocasio-cortez-tweet-electric-cars-hurricane-dorian/,https://news.163.com/photoview/00AP0001/2301292.html?from=ph_ss#p=EDJQ3DBU00AP0001NOS,https://web.archive.org/web/20210708143817/https://www.scmp.com/abacus/tech/article/3029238/thousands-shared-electric-cars-seen-discarded-hangzhou,https://www.facebook.com/michael.sirmon.14/posts/10226449247480924,https://www.facebook.com/thebeachgeek/posts/10159420045734736,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-electric-cars-france/fact-check-electric-cars-taken-off-french-roads-due-to-contract-termination-not-battery-fault-idUSL2N2N60XA,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#62070f0b0e1b2206030b0e1b01030e0e07100c071511040d170c0603160b0d0c4c0d1005",Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?,,,,,, +34,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-bobi-wine-secretly-acquire-mansion-boston/,Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?4:24 PM 07/14/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims former Ugandan presidential candidate Bobi Wine secretly purchased a mansion in Boston, Massachusetts. Verdict: False There is no evidence Wine owns a mansion in Boston. He was digitally added to the photo, which actually shows a mansion in Tampa, Florida. Fact Check: Wine, a singer-turned-politician, lost the 2021 Ugandan presidential election to long-time President Yoweri Museveni, CNN reported. Wine asserted there was widespread fraud in the election and filed a lawsuit, which he later withdrew, to over-turn Museveni’s victory, according to Al Jazeera. An image on Facebook claims to show Wine standing in front of a mansion he allegedly purchased in Boston. “Uganda’s musician turned politician Robert Kyagulanyi, popularly known as Bobi Wine has bought a luxurious Bungalow, Cottage located in 20 Ford St, Boston, MA 02128 in USA,” reads the image’s caption. The image, however, has been digitally altered. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the photo of the house without Wine in front of it, on the real estate website Zillow. The home is located in Tampa, Florida, not Boston, and was last sold in 2018, according to its listing. (RELATED: Did The BBC Air This Chyron Reporting Bobi Wine Will Be Sworn In As Uganda’s President?) A search for the address listed in the post turned up a home for sale in Boston. Photos of the house included in the listing show it does not resemble the house in the Facebook post. Check Your Fact searched Suffolk County’s registry of deeds, but found no records of Wine owning property in Boston. Wine was in the city in early July to meet his “diaspora leadership team,” according to a July 3 tweet he posted. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=979867289479058&set=a.219670622165399&type=3,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/16/africa/uganda-presidential-election-yoweri-museveni-bobi-wine-intl/index.html,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/22/ugandan-opposition-leader-wine-withdraws-poll-result-challenge,https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/4621-Bayshore-Blvd-Tampa-FL-33611/45060772_zpid/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/30/fact-check-bbc-air-chyron-reporting-bobi-wine-ugandas-president/,https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/20-Ford-St_East-Boston_MA_02128_M32320-60133,https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/20-Ford-St_East-Boston_MA_02128_M32320-60133,https://www.masslandrecords.com/Suffolk/,https://twitter.com/HEBobiwine/status/1411280065145540610,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#badfd7d3d6c3fadedbd3d6c3d9dbd6d6dfc8d4dfcdc9dcd5cfd4dedbced3d5d494d5c8dd",Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?,,,,,, +35,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-bbc-news-article-radiohead-fans-tuning-new-song/,Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?4:20 PM 07/14/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows a BBC News article about Radiohead fans being “left red-faced” after mistaking a guitar tuning session for a new song. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False There is no record of BBC News publishing this article about Radiohead fans. It appears to have originated from a Twitter account that often posts satirical content. Fact Check: The image shows what looks like a BBC News article that puts up the headline “Radiohead crowd left red-faced after applauding three minute guitar tuning, mistaking it for new song.” Radiohead is a popular British rock band known for songs such as “Creep” and “Karma Police.” The supposed article places the alleged Radiohead fan incident at a Glastonbury Festival. A search of the BBC News website didn’t turn up any articles with titles matching the one in the Facebook post. Unlike stories published online by BBC News, the alleged Radiohead article doesn’t have a byline, indicating it has been fabricated. A BBC spokesperson confirmed to Check Your Fact in an email that it is fake. In 2017, a real BBC News article described Radiohead’s performance at the Glastonbury Festival that year as “absorbing, challenging and achingly beautiful.” (RELATED: Did Kurt Cobain Predict Trump’s Presidency?) The fabricated Radiohead article first went viral back in 2017, according to NME. It appears to have originated from the Twitter account of the London-based flower delivery company Arena Flowers, which tweeted the fake article June 23, 2017. The Twitter account @ArenaFlowers has previously published seemingly satirical fake BBC News articles, including one about singer Ed Sheeran playing on every Glastonbury stage at the same time using mirrors. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1229351607493547&set=gm.570046707494670&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1229351607493547&set=gm.570046707494670&type=3&theater,https://www.britannica.com/topic/Radiohead,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFkzRNyygfk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uYWYWPc9HU,https://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/,https://www.bbc.co.uk/search?q=radiohead&page=1,https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40389552,https://checkyourfact.com/2019/04/26/fact-check-kurt-cobain-trumps-president-1993/,https://www.nme.com/news/music/fake-news-story-radiohead-fans-mistaking-guitar-tuning-new-song-goes-viral-2093973,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers/status/878357394476093440,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers,https://www.arenaflowers.com/pages/about-us/,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers/status/879067402906066944,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?,,,,,, +36,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/,Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?1:08 PM 07/14/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows anti-government protesters in Cuba on July 12. Verdict: False The image actually shows a 2011 protest in Alexandria, Egypt. Fact Check: Amid widespread anti-government protests in Cuba, social media users have been sharing a photo that shows thousands of people gathered in a street. One such July 12 Facebook post claims in the caption that the picture shows Cubans protesting “today.” However, a closer examination of the photo indicates it does not depict an anti-government demonstration that recently occurred in Cuba. Multiple protesters in the picture appear to be waving flags that resemble those of Egypt, Yemen or Syria rather than Cuba. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Cuban Farmer Before Being Executed For Refusing To Work For The Castro Regime) Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the picture in a 2012 article from TheJournal.ie that discusses the 2011 Arab Spring uprising in Egypt. The caption for the photo in TheJournal.ie article states it was taken in the Egyptian city of Alexandria in February 2011 and credits it to the Associated Press and Tarek Fawzy. What appears to be a higher resolution version of the photo can be found on AP Images. The caption for the picture on AP Images confirms it was taken in Egypt over a decade ago during an anti-government protest against former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, not during a demonstration in Cuba this month. “Thousands of Egyptian anti-government protesters march in Alexandria, Egypt, Friday, Feb. 11, 2011,” reads the caption. “Mubarak has refused to step down or leave the country, and instead handed his administrative powers to his vice president Omar Suleiman on Thursday, remaining president and ensuring control over the reform process, prompting mass protests by anti-Mubarak demonstrators.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/303371154019205/posts/549288262760825,https://wsj.com/articles/cuba-protests-whats-happening-11626112390,https://www.facebook.com/303371154019205/posts/549288262760825,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Egypt,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Yemen,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Syria,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Cuba,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/10/fact-check-cuban-farmer-executed-castro-regime/,https://www.thejournal.ie/timeline-one-year-since-egypts-arab-spring-334766-Jan2012/#slide-slideshow15,https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/arab-spring,https://www.thejournal.ie/timeline-one-year-since-egypts-arab-spring-334766-Jan2012/#slide-slideshow15,http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Mideast-Egypt/a989c47b844c4a319ab711ee47f7aa3d/62/0,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hosni-Mubarak,http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Mideast-Egypt/a989c47b844c4a319ab711ee47f7aa3d/62/0",Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, +37,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-giant-skeleton-found-thailand/,Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?10:33 AM 07/14/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Twitter purportedly shows a giant skeleton found in Thailand in 2017. The skeleton of this giant was discovered in November 2017 in a cave in Krabi, Thailand. This was just made public a few months ago. The skeleton appeared to have been battling a large horned serpent upon death. pic.twitter.com/p5u8KEYWGC — Untold Universe (@UniverseUntold) June 13, 2021 Verdict: False The image actually shows an art installation created by a Taiwanese artist. Fact Check: The tweet has garnered over 100 likes as of press time. It features a photo of a woman standing above what appears to be an archeological site in which a giant humanoid skeleton lies with a huge serpentine skeleton wrapped around it. “The skeleton of this giant was discovered in November 2017 in a cave in Krabi, Thailand,” reads the tweet. “This was just made public a few months ago. The skeleton appeared to have been battling a large horned serpent upon death.” Contrary to the tweet’s claim, the picture doesn’t show the actual remains of a giant that died battling a massive snake. Taiwan Today published a similar photo in a November 2018 article, explaining it shows Taiwanese artist Tu Wei-cheng’s “Giant Ruins” art installation for the Thailand Biennale exhibition in Krabi. The skeleton was made of plastic, and the installation received special permission to be set up in the cave, according to Taiwan Today. Another photo of Tu’s skeleton installation can be found on the Taiwanese Ministry of Culture’s website. (RELATED: Did A New York Artist Sell ‘Invisible Art’?) Many of Tu’s works resemble ancient artifacts, as seen in photos on the website of the Taiwanese Tina Keng Gallery. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://t.co/p5u8KEYWGC,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=18&post=144849,https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=18&post=144849,https://www.moc.gov.tw/en/information_315_94897.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/22/fact-check-new-york-artist-invisible-art/,https://www.tinakenggallery.com/en//artists/48-/works/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f3878196859c81b3909b9690988a9c868195929087dd909c9e",Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?,,,,,, +38,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/13/fact-check-media-sponsors-ignore-kim-rhode-pro-second-amendment/,Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?,2021-07-13,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?6:35 PM 07/13/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the media and sponsors ‘ignored’ six-time Olympian Kim Rhode because she is an outspoken supporter of the Second Amendment. Verdict: False Rhode’s accomplishments were widely covered in the media for more than a decade. She has several sponsors, according to her website. Fact Check: The image shows Kim Rhode, an American double trap and skeet shooter and six-time Olympian, holding a shotgun. “First woman to medal in six straight Olympics media and sponsors ignore her because she is outspoken pro-2A,” reads text included in the image. Rhode won Olympic medals in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016, making her the first female to win medals in six straight Olympics, according to the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee. (RELATED: Did American Runner Shelby Houlihan Test Positive For Marijuana?) Rhode is also an outspoken supporter of the Second Amendment, according to the National Rifle Association (NRA). She served on the NRA board from 2017 to 2020, according to Guns.com, and has spoken out against gun control initiatives in her home state of California on multiple occasions. News outlets and sponsors have not “ignored” Rhode for her stance on the Second Amendment. Rhode’s Olympic achievements have been thoroughly reported on over the years by major media outlets including: The New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times and the Associated Press, among others. Rhode has also made several appearances on national television, such as Today and Fox News @ Night, according to her IMDb page. Her website states she is sponsored by Winchester Ammunition, Beretta USA, the Safari Club International and Truck Vault. In an interview with Time Magazine in August 2016, Rhode did say she believes her outspokenness about gun issues has prevented her from landing mainstream sponsors. She has also said there is a certain “stigma” around her sport because of its association with guns that makes some would-be sponsors wary, The Daily Signal reported. “When you look at the gun debate and the Olympics, there definitely is that stigmatism that’s attached to our sport due to all the negative publicity that guns get,” Rhode told The Daily Signal in 2016. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Rhode did not qualify for the upcoming Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, NBC Sports reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10223851700098579,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://www.teamusa.org/News/2016/August/12/Kim-Rhode-Becomes-First-Woman-To-Medal-At-Six-Straight-Olympic-Games,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/09/fact-check-shelby-houlihan-test-positive-marijuana/,https://www.nrawlf.org/our-members/kim-rhode/,https://www.guns.com/news/2017/05/01/olympic-shooting-legend-kim-rhode-elected-to-nra-board,https://time.com/4440102/rio-2016-olympics-shooting-kim-rhode-second-amendment-guns/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVXdeg6aXFA,https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/rio-2016/2016/08/12/kim-rhode-skeet-shooting/88619694/,https://www.cbssports.com/olympics/news/rio-olympics-american-shooter-kim-rhode-makes-history-with-bronze-medal-win/,https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2019/08/23/kim-rhode/,https://web.archive.org/web/20150526171010/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/24/sports/atlanta-day-5-shooting-17-year-old-turns-clay-pigeons-to-gold.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/kim-rhode-captures-fifth-olympic-medal-in-skeet-shooting/2012/07/29/gJQAjNNpIX_story.html,https://web.archive.org/web/20210226140219/https://www.latimes.com/sports/more/la-sp-rhode-olympics-20160627-snap-story.html,https://apnews.com/article/tokyo-shooting-olympic-games-2020-tokyo-olympics-sports-4e06b0185a33bf6cdd6c872c88ee3f16,https://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2016/07/31/487770855/u-s-olympian-kim-rhode-wants-to-use-her-shot-at-history-to-dispel-stigma,https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1622760/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1,https://kimrhode.wordpress.com/sponsors/,https://winchester.com/,https://www.berettausa.com/en-us/,https://safariclub.org/,https://truckvault.com/,https://time.com/4440102/rio-2016-olympics-shooting-kim-rhode-second-amendment-guns/,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2020/03/09/kim-rhode-shooting-tokyo-olympics/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d1b4bcb8bda891b5b0b8bda8b2b0bdbdb4a3bfb4a6a2b7bea4bfb5b0a5b8bebfffbea3b6",Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?,,,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_checkyourfact.csv b/output_sample_checkyourfact.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0591060 --- /dev/null +++ b/output_sample_checkyourfact.csv @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,,,,Misleading,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-mayim-bialik-refuses-vaccinate/,Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’5:34 PM 07/23/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims actress and neuroscientist Mayim Bialik “refuses to vaccinate.” Verdict: Misleading While Bialik has said that she hasn’t been vaccinated in 30 years, she has stated that she received the COVID-19 vaccine and that her children are vaccinated. Her publicist said she and her children are “fully vaccinated” against COVID-19. Fact Check: The meme features a picture of “The Big Bang Theory” actress Bialik, who received a doctorate in neuroscience from UCLA. It alleges she “refuses to vaccinate” and contains the hashtag “SmartParentsDon’tVax.” (RELATED: Image Claims To Show A CDC Infographic Saying ‘Refusing To Take The Vaccine Is A Form Of Racism’) Bialik, who has faced criticism for prior comments she has made about vaccines, has said she and her children are vaccinated, however. In an October 2020 YouTube video, Bialik stated that she would be getting both the COVID-19 and flu vaccine this year and that her two children would also be getting flu vaccines. “This year I’m going to do something I literally haven’t done in 30 years. I’m going to get a vaccine. And guess what? I’m actually going to get two,” Bialik said in the video. “Number one vaccine that I’m going to get is the COVID vaccine. I can’t wait for it, bring it on. Number two vaccine, I’m going to get a flu vaccine.” She also stated in the video, “My 12- and 15-year old children have never received a flu vaccine. This year, roll up them shirt sleeves, boys, vaccines for everyone.” At one point in the video, she says that she believes the perception that she is anti-vaccination stems from a book she wrote about her experience parenting, noting, “At the time my children had not received the typical schedule of vaccines, but I have never, not once, said that vaccines are not valuable, not useful or not necessary, because they are.” “As of today, my children may not have had every one of the vaccinations that your children have, but my children are vaccinated. I repeat: my children are vaccinated,” she said in the October 2020 YouTube video. In a February 2015 tweet, she also said her kids are vaccinated. Bialik expressed support for COVID-19 vaccines in a January 2021 interview with Yahoo! Life and in a May 2021 interview with Cheddar News. In both interviews, she said her children were vaccinated and, in the Cheddar News interview, confirmed she received the COVID-19 vaccine. “It’s not ‘I’m pro every single vaccine that anyone talks about all the time everywhere, every single minute,'” she said, according to Yahoo! Life. “I have a lot of questions about the vaccine industry, as do a lot of people. I have a lot of questions about the profits involved. [But] when it comes to this virus, the insidiousness of this virus, the way this virus works, the way that it adapts, we absolutely need to see this as distinctly different from the flu. It’s different than the common cold. This is something we need absolute protection from.” if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Heather Besignano, Bialik’s publicist, told Check Your Fact that “Mayim and her children are all fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/StayingAliveisNotEnough/photos/a.430627040320230/4188723184510578/?type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/StayingAliveisNotEnough/photos/a.430627040320230/4188723184510578/?type=3&theater,https://news.psu.edu/story/650373/2021/03/09/academics/neuroscientist-and-actor-mayim-bialik-speak-penn-state-harrisburg,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/27/fact-check-cdc-refusing-vaccine-racism/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY&feature=youtu.be,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY&feature=youtu.be,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Beyond-the-Sling/Mayim-Bialik/9781451662184,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY,https://twitter.com/missmayim/status/565346126430478336,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mayim-bialik-covid-vaccine-anxiety-single-parenting-005615132.html,https://cheddar.com/media/mayim-bialik-talks-call-me-kat-and-a-year-of-covid-19,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mayim-bialik-covid-vaccine-anxiety-single-parenting-005615132.html,https://www.icon-publicity.com/team/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’,,,,,, +1,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-video-french-police-setting-down-helmets-protesters-july-2021/,Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?3:56 PM 07/23/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook purportedly shows police officers in France putting their helmets down in the street in solidarity with protesters during July 2021 demonstrations against COVID-19 restrictions. Verdict: False The footage actually shows French police showing support for health care workers protesting in June 2020. Fact Check: Protests broke out in multiple French cities after French President Emmanuel Macron announced new COVID-19-related rules on July 12, Reuters reported. The rules include mandating health care workers be vaccinated by September 15, and requiring health passes showing proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test in order to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, as well as board trains and planes, according to the outlet. A video shared on Facebook on July 17 purportedly shows a scene from the recent protests in which law enforcement personnel placed their helmets on the ground as civilians gathered around them and applauded. “Police in France with the people of France take off their helmets,” the video’s caption reads. “This happened during this weeks protests ! Let’s goooo France.” (RELATED: Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?) The video, however, predates the recent demonstrations against COVID-19 restrictions in France. Through a reverse image search of key frames, Check Your Fact found similar footage published on YouTube by French magazine L’Obs in June 2020, with the title: “Police officers and caregivers applaud during the demonstration in Nîmes.” The video showed police in Nimes, France, on June 16, 2020, acknowledging health care workers who were protesting in support of a public hospital there, according to a translation of the video’s description. Tens of thousands of French medical workers demonstrated on June 16, 2020, advocating for the country’s government to raise health service wages, pause service cuts and stop hospitals from closing amid the pandemic, France 24 reported. The government signed an agreement with unions on July 13, 2020 enacting roughly $9 billion in wage increases for health care personnel, according to BBC News. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/cynara.issa/posts/10159363056387180,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-police-quell-protest-against-covid-health-passport-rules-2021-07-14/,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-make-covid-19-shot-mandatory-health-workers-bfm-tv-2021-07-12/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-image-electric-car-cemetery-france/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlvS7Fnyb0,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlvS7Fnyb0,https://www.france24.com/en/20200616-enough-applause-french-health-workers-rally-anew-for-post-coronavirus-reforms,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53398208,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#15616770637a6755767d70767e6c7a6067737476613b767a78",Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?,,,,,, +2,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-canada-prohibit-pilots-covid-vaccine-flying/,Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?2:21 PM 07/23/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims Canada prohibits all pilots who received COVID-19 vaccines from flying. Verdict: False The Canadian government allows pilots who have received Health Canada-approved COVID-19 vaccines to fly. Fact Check: The image shows the headline of a July 11 post from the website Alt News that reads, “Canada Prohibits All Vaxxed Pilots From Flying. The Corona Vax Is A ‘Medical Trial’ And Such ‘Vaccinations’ Are Ruled To Ground All Pilots.” (RELATED: Viral Post Claims Fox News Isn’t Available In Canada) Below the headline, there is a screen grab of the Canadian government’s website from the Transport Canada section titled “COVID-19 vaccines and Aviation Medical Certificate holders.” A highlighted line in the screen grab states that “participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification.” While the post attempts to allege that all Canadian pilots who received COVID-19 vaccines are prohibited from flying because the vaccines are supposedly considered a “medical trial,” that is not the case. The Canadian government’s website explicitly states that COVID-19 vaccines approved by Health Canada “are considered compatible with Transport Canada aviation Medical Certification.” That means pilots who received them are allowed to fly. Health Canada has approved the COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca. The Canadian government’s website states, “Only vaccines that are proven to be safe, effective and of high quality are authorized for use in Canada. The COVID-19 vaccines have been rigorously tested during their development and then carefully reviewed by Health Canada.” Sau Sau Liu, a spokesperson for Transport Canada, confirmed in an email to Check Your Fact that the post’s claim is inaccurate, saying, “Transport Canada does not prohibit pilots vaccinated with Health Canada-approved vaccines to fly nor do we impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada.” The Transport Canada section of the Canadian government’s website also states, “Transport Canada (TC) Civil Aviation Medicine (CAM), does not impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada.” “All COVID-19 vaccines currently available in Canada have gone through clinical trials and been tested on tens of thousands of adult volunteers before being authorized for use,” Liu also said. “They were deemed to be safe and effective and have been licensed and authorized by Health Canada. They are not medical trials.” The notice about it being the “general position of TC CAM that participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification” on the webpage was included earlier in the pandemic “when aviators started asking if they could take part in the vaccine trials that Health Canada was undertaking prior to the approval of the vaccines for general distribution,” according to Liu. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Liu told Check Your Fact that because Health Canada has approved the COVID-19 vaccines for use and the notice about medical trials “is less relevant,” Transport Canada has since removed it from the webpage. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/04/fact-check-fox-news-unavailable-canada/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210204183406if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines.html,https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/vaccines/safety-side-effects.html,https://ca.linkedin.com/in/sau-sau-liu-40bb8450,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://web.archive.org/web/20210204183406if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5c39313530251c383d3530253f3d3030392e32392b2f3a332932383d2835333272332e3b",Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?,,,,,, +3,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-emmanuel-macron-unvaccinated-people-stay-home/,Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?4:46 PM 07/22/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims French President Emmanuel Macron said, “This time you stay at home, not us” in reference to people who refuse to be vaccinated. Verdict: False There is no record of Macron making this statement. Fact Check: The French government recently announced that it would mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for all health care workers, according to Reuters. The government also set forth requirements that people would need passes documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from the illness in order to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, the outlet reported. Now, an image on Facebook shows what appears to be a screen grab of a tweet seemingly quoting the French president. “I no longer have any intention of sacrificing my life, my time, my freedom and the adolescence of my daughters, as well as their right to study properly, for those who refuse to be vaccinated,” Macron purportedly said. “This time you stay at home, not us.” There is, however, no record of Macron saying the quote attributed to him in the Facebook post. Check Your Fact reviewed a speech Macron gave on July 12, but found no mention of him saying people who refuse to be vaccinated should stay home. The supposed quote was not found on the Élysée Palace website either. A search of Macron’s verified social media accounts likewise turned up no instances of the alleged quote. Furthermore, the French president has three adult stepchildren and no biological children of his own, The Sun reported in 2020. (RELATED: Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?) The misattribution may stem from confusion surrounding an Instagram post from Italian journalist Selvaggia Lucarelli. Lucarelli posted a picture of Macron and included a similar quote to the one erroneously attributed to Macron as the caption. The quote is not attributed to Macron in the post. “I’m for the French line right now. I no longer have any intention whatsoever of sacrificing my life, my time, and my son’s adolescence, in addition to his right to study properly, for those who refuse to get vaccinated,” a translation of Lucarelli’s Instagram caption reads. “This time you stay home, not us.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10225518847582566&set=a.1233810169881&type=3,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-broadens-use-covid-19-health-pass-slashes-fines-2021-07-19/,https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2021/07/12/adresse-aux-francais-12-juillet-2021,https://www.elysee.fr/recherche?prod_all%5Bquery%5D=reste%20%C3%A0%20la%20maison,https://twitter.com/search?q=rester%20%C3%A0%20la%20maison%20(from%3AEmmanuelMacron)&src=typed_query,https://www.instagram.com/emmanuelmacron/,https://www.facebook.com/EmmanuelMacron/,https://www.the-sun.com/news/1000817/brigitte-trogneux-emmanuel-macron-wife-french-president/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-protest-france-covid-measures/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRRAjrGFlHG/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRRAjrGFlHG/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?,,,,,, +4,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-raul-castro-flee-venezuela/,Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?4:24 PM 07/22/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims to show former Cuban President Raul Castro disembarking from a plane after fleeing from Cuba to Venezuela. Verdict: False There is no evidence that Castro has fled Cuba. The image featured in the post was taken in 2015 and shows Castro landing in Costa Rica to attend a summit. Fact Check: Thousands of Cubans angered by food and medicine shortages participated in anti-government protests on July 11, with many calling for freedom and for Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel to resign, CNN reported. Now, an image on Facebook shows Castro exiting a plane and claims he fled to Venezuela during the protests. “BREAKING – Cuba: Former President Raúl Castro flees to Venezuela,” reads the image’s caption. “He arrived in Caracas around 11:37 pm, Sunday, July 11, 2021 as massive anti-government protests erupted in the socialist regime.” There is no evidence, however, that Castro fled to Venezuela on July 11. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the photo in a January 2015 article published by La Nación, explaining it shows him arriving in Costa Rica to attend that year’s Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) summit. “Raúl Castro arrived at the Juan Santamaría airport to attend the Celac Summit that starts tomorrow in the country,” reads a translation of the image’s caption on La Nación. “He is the first president to arrive on Costa Rican soil and was received by Vice President Ana Helena Chacón.” The photo was also included in articles published by Cuba Debate and teleSUR. Both outlets also reported the image showed Castro arriving in Costa Rica for the CELAC summit. (RELATED: Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?) Had Castro actually fled Cuba during the July 11 protests, media outlets likely would have reported on it, yet none have.”Raúl Castro is very well and in Cuba,” said Noraimis Ramos Ruiz, a spokesperson for the Cuban government, in an email to Check Your Fact. Castro appeared at a pro-government rally in Havana, Cuba on July 17, according to the Associated Press. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/grissel.c.ramos/posts/6370004673013486,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/11/americas/cuba-protests/index.html,https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/raul-castro-madruga-para-asistir-a-cumbre-de-celac-en-costa-rica/5U5ZGOHFVZFKJFTHIAAHIB2AQA/story/,http://celacinternational.org/,https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/raul-castro-madruga-para-asistir-a-cumbre-de-celac-en-costa-rica/5U5ZGOHFVZFKJFTHIAAHIB2AQA/story/,http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2015/01/27/presidente-cubano-raul-castro-llego-a-costa-rica-para-iii-cumbre-de-la-celac/,https://www.telesurtv.net/news/Raul-Castro-arriba-a-Costa-Rica-para-participar-en-Cumbre-Celac-20150127-0027.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-protest-cuba-argentina-soccer/,https://www.google.com/search?q=raul+castro+fled+to+venezuela&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS820US820&ei=MGL4YN7NKtCMtAaxxprwBg&oq=raul+castro+fled+to+venezuela&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyAggASgQIQRgBUJISWI8cYPseaAFwAHgAgAFxiAH-ApIBAzMuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjepY7C4PTxAhVQBs0KHTGjBm4Q4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-cuba-caribbean-9ed6c6dd50ddb764a482099e44cdc25c,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#17727a7e7b6e5773767e7b6e74767b7b726579726064717862797376637e787939786570",Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?,,,,,, +5,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-susan-rice-convicted-treason/,Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?3:04 PM 07/22/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Susan Rice, the director of the White House Domestic Policy Council, has been convicted of treason. Verdict: False There is no evidence Rice has been convicted of treason or sentenced to death. The claim stems from a website that says it publishes “humor, parody, and satire.” Fact Check: The lengthy post claims the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General’s Corps on July 8 convicted Rice of “high treason” for “her participation in a 2017 scheme to defame” former President Donald Trump in connection to alleged “Russian collusion.” Rice, who served as former President Barack Obama’s national security adviser from 2013 to 2017, faced scrutiny for her role in “unmasking” some Trump transition officials in intelligence reports on communications with foreigners under surveillance, according to CNBC. In the post, it also alleges Navy Vice Admiral John Hannink was involved in her trial. At the end of the trial, a “three-officer panel unanimously agreed Rice be put to death for her crimes against America,” the post claims. There is, however, no evidence Rice was convicted of treason or sentenced to death. A search of press releases put out by the Department of Justice and the Department of Defense didn’t turn up any announcements to that effect. National media outlets haven’t reported on Rice getting convicted of treason. She has also been active on Twitter since July 8, the date she was supposedly sentenced to death, further adding to the post’s dubiousness. “No truth to this claim,” a Department of Defense spokesperson said in an email to Check Your Fact. (RELATED: No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal) The text in the Facebook post matches that in a July 20 article published by Real Raw News, a website that states on its “About Us” page that it “contains humor, parody, and satire.” While Real Raw News includes that disclaimer, the Facebook post does not, resulting in some users seemingly believing the story is real. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://ballotpedia.org/Susan_Rice,https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/04/the-susan-rice-controversy-the-latest-twist-in-the-trump-wiretapping-saga-explained.html,https://www.navy.mil/Leadership/Biographies/BioDisplay/Article/2236279/vice-admiral-john-hannink/,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://search.justice.gov/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&affiliate=justice&sort_by=&query=Susan+Rice,https://search.usa.gov/search/news?utf8=%E2%9C%93&affiliate=defensegov&channel=10132&sort_by=r&query=Susan+Rice&commit=Search,https://twitter.com/AmbRice46,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-rumsfeld-not-commit-suicide-military-tribunal/,https://realrawnews.com/2021/07/military-convicts-susan-rice-of-treason/,https://realrawnews.com/about-us/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#26434b4f4a5f6642474f4a5f45474a4a435448435155404953484247524f494808495441",Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?,,,,,, +6,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-trump-statement-tom-brady-shady/,Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?6:25 PM 07/21/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows a statement put out by former President Donald Trump calling Tom Brady “shady” after the NFL quarterback made a joke about people denying the 2020 presidential election results. Verdict: False There is no evidence Trump released the statement. The fabricated press release appears to originate from a Twitter user as a joke. Fact Check: The Tampa Bay Buccaneers won Super Bowl LV in February, marking Brady’s seventh Super Bowl win, according to CBS Sports. Brady and his teammates on July 20 visited the White House, where the quarterback cracked a joke about people not believing the Buccaneers won the Super Bowl, footage from The Hill shows. “Not a lot of people think that we could have won and, in fact, I think about 40 percent of people still don’t think we won,” Brady said, referencing people who deny President Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election. Shortly after Brady made the joke, social media users started sharing a screen grab of what looks like a statement from Trump. In the alleged press release, the former president appears to respond to Brady’s joke, calling the quarterback “shady.” “Tom ‘Shady’ needs to do his research and realize how Rigged (and Rigged it was) the last election was,” the purported Trump statement reads. “Maybe he was too busy Deflating balls (weak grip?) to follow what is happening all around our Great Country (including Maricopa County, Georgia and Pennsylvania). When I’m back in the White House we’ll see who he jokes with (the answer is Me, your favorite ‘President’, if I even invite him). So much Voter Fraud!” There is, however, no record of Trump putting out the statement pictured in the Facebook post. A search of Trump’s website, as well as his 45office.com website, didn’t turn up any statements calling Brady “shady.” (RELATED: Did Tom Brady Say, ‘If Anybody On This Team Kneels, I Walk’?) Brady’s joke at the White House was widely covered by national news outlets. If Trump had put out the statement in response, it would have been picked up by the media, yet no major news outlets have reported on it. Multiple Twitter users also shared the fake statement on Twitter. The fabricated press release appears to have been originally posted by the Twitter user @skolanach, whose handle is visible in the upper-left corner. The Twitter user later clarified it was a joke. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } I made it. Parody. — ElElegante101 (@skolanach) July 20, 2021 “I made it,” the Twitter user wrote. “Parody.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/2021-super-bowl-score-tom-brady-wins-seventh-ring-as-buccaneers-dominate-chiefs-and-patrick-mahomes/live/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziaDENNwPSc,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziaDENNwPSc,https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news,https://www.45office.com/news,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/07/29/fact-check-tom-brady-team-kneels-walk/,https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2021/07/20/tom-brady-biden-election-joke-white-house-visit-vpx.cnn,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/tom-brady-trump-jokes-biden-bucs-white-house-visit,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/politics/tom-brady-bucs-white-house.html,https://sports.yahoo.com/tom-brady-jokes-about-election-denialism-to-president-joe-biden-as-bucs-visit-white-house-162442956.html,https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/buccaneers/2021/07/20/tom-brady-election-joke-tampa-bay-white-house/8026885002/,https://www.google.com/search?q=donald+trump+tom+brady+shady&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi20PyfjPXxAhUbGVkFHUjRCDQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1301&bih=744,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720201337/https://twitter.com/scottfeinberg/status/1417578399430758409,https://twitter.com/dplaz19761/status/1417616664347258887,https://twitter.com/moore_oliver/status/1417660174425264133,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417524223715602433/photo/1,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?,,,,,, +7,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-rumsfeld-not-commit-suicide-military-tribunal/,"No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal",2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal4:52 PM 07/21/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims late Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld committed suicide during a military tribunal. Verdict: False Rumsfeld’s cause of death was multiple myeloma. The claim appears to stem from a website that says it publishes “humor, parody, and satire.” Fact Check: Rumsfeld, the Defense secretary to former Presidents Gerald Ford and George W. Bush, died on June 29 at 88 years old, according to CNBC. Now, some social media users are sharing a post claiming Rumsfeld actually died by suicide during a military tribunal. Rumsfeld did not, however, commit suicide, and was never on trial before a military tribunal. No mention of such a trial or any charges against him can be found in press releases published by the Justice Department or the Defense Department. Current Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin tweeted on June 30 that he was “saddened to hear” about Rumsfeld’s death, stating, “I extend my deep condolences to his family and loved ones.” Had Rumsfeld committed suicide at a military tribunal, media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have done so. Keith Urbahn, Rumsfeld’s spokesperson, said multiple myeloma caused his death, USA Today reported. (RELATED: Viral Image Claims To Show Article About Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin Considering ‘Defunding, Maybe Disbanding’ The US Army) The claim appears to stem from a July 18 article published by Real Raw News bearing the headline: “Rumsfeld Committed Suicide at Military Tribunal; Did Not Die of Natural Causes.” The article goes on to claim Rumsfeld was arrested on May 27, and that he killed himself after the military tribunal found him responsible for the deaths of American soldiers during the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. Real Raw News includes a disclaimer on it’s “About Us” page that states, “This website contains humor, parody, and satire.” Despite the disclaimer, social media users have shared the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing it to be true. This is not the first time a claim stemming from a Real Raw News article has been shared as misinformation. In June, Check Your Fact debunked the baseless claim that former FBI Director James Comey was sentenced to death by guillotine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/suzanne.m.kelly1/posts/10223920952805678,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/30/former-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-dead-at-88.html,https://www.justice.gov/news?keys=Donald+Rumsfeld&items_per_page=25,https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/releases/Search/Rumsfeld/,https://twitter.com/secdef/status/1410380667163185152,https://www.google.com/search?q=Donald+Rumsfeld+suicide+military+tribunal&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim44vJ8PTxAhW8FVkFHbRMCAgQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1920&bih=897,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/06/30/donald-rumsfeld-dies-ex-pentagon-chief-iraq-afghanistan-wars/7810730002/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/26/fact-check-article-defense-secretary-lloyd-austin-defunding-disbanding-army/,https://realrawnews.com/2021/07/rumsfeld-committed-suicide-at-military-tribunal-did-not-die-of-natural-causes/,https://realrawnews.com/about-us/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/18/fact-check-james-comey-sentenced-death-guillotine/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#790d0b1c0f160b391a111c1a1200160c0b1f181a0d571a1614","No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal",,,,,, +8,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-ron-desantis-holding-anti-mask-shirt/,Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?3:27 PM 07/21/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows Republican Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis holding up an orange “Your mask is as useless as Joe Biden” t-shirt. Verdict: False The image has been digitally altered. In the original photo, the shirt said, “I went to Popeyes for the new chicken sandwich and all I got was this lousy t-shirt.” Fact Check: The image of DeSantis smiling while appearing to hold up the “Your mask is as useless as Joe Biden” t-shirt has circulated on social media in recent days. However, the photo is doctored. (RELATED: Did Ron DeSantis Not Give A Press Conference About The Surfside Condo Collapse Before June 29?) DeSantis posted the original picture on his verified Twitter account back in September 2019. In the unaltered picture, the orange shirt sports the words: “I went to Popeyes for the new chicken sandwich and all I got was this lousy t-shirt.” Great to visit the HQ for @PopeyesChicken and @BurgerKing in Miami. I’ve been looking for the elusive chicken sandwich, but the stores are still out. Maybe it’s time to issue an executive order requiring all Popeyes in Florida to re-stock them ASAP?? pic.twitter.com/SagYhmAxcj — Ron DeSantis (@GovRonDeSantis) September 27, 2019 “Great to visit the HQ for @PopeyesChicken and @BurgerKing in Miami,” DeSantis wrote in the tweet. “I’ve been looking for the elusive chicken sandwich, but the stores are still out. Maybe it’s time to issue an executive order requiring all Popeyes in Florida to re-stock them ASAP??” A schedule available on the Florida governor’s website shows DeSantis visited the Miami office of Restaurant Brands International, the parent company of Popeyes, on Sept. 27, 2019. The News Service of Florida also reported on his visit at the time. The novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 first emerged in late 2019, according to The New York Times. DeSantis did not, according to the Washington Post, issue a statewide mask mandate last year, though he did institute a lockdown in April 2020. In May, he signed an executive order suspending local COVID-19 rules for individuals and businesses, according to the Tampa Bay Times. Friends of Ron DeSantis, the governor’s political committee, recently started selling merchandise such as “Don’t Fauci My Florida” t-shirts and “How the hell am I going to be able to drink a beer with a mask on?” beer koozies, according to the Tallahassee Democrat. None of the merchandise for sale matches the t-shirt in the photoshopped image. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently recommends for individuals ages 2 and older who are not fully vaccinated to wear masks in public indoor spaces to help protect against COVID-19. Fully vaccinated individuals “can resume activities without wearing a mask or physically distancing, except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules, and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance,” according to the CDC website. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10158662044432756&set=a.10152960751952756&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10158662044432756&set=a.10152960751952756&type=3,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/06/fact-check-ron-desantis-press-conference-surfside-condo-collapse/,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/popeyeschicken?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/BurgerKing?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://t.co/SagYhmAxcj,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/9.27.19.png,https://www.mypanhandle.com/news/gov-ron-desantis-wants-to-taste-test-popeyes-and-chick-fil-a-chicken-sandwiches/,https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/13/desantis-fauci-florida/,https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/01/825383186/florida-governor-orders-statewide-lockdown,https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2021/05/04/what-we-know-about-desantis-executive-order-suspending-local-covid-19-restrictions/,https://twitter.com/teamrondesantis/status/1414676440533159937,https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2021/07/15/ron-desantis-releases-merchandise-against-masks-and-anthony-fauci-florida-coronavirus/7976313002/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated.html",Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?,,,,,, +9,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-bill-gates-grandson-co-founder-rockefeller-foundation-frederick-taylor-gates/,Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?2:02 PM 07/21/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is the grandson of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller’s advisor Frederick Taylor Gates. Verdict: False Bill Gates is not Frederick Taylor Gates’ grandson. Fact Check: The image shows what appears to be a screen grab of Frederick Taylor Gates’ Wikipedia entry displayed on Google. Green text added to the screen grab claims he is Bill Gates’ grandfather. Frederick Taylor Gates managed Rockefeller’s charitable activities and was instrumental in the founding of the philanthropic Rockefeller Foundation, serving on its board of trustees until 1923, according to The Rockefeller Archive Center. (RELATED: Have Bill Gates, Anthony Fauci, The WHO And Others Been Charged With War Crimes?) Despite sharing a surname with Frederick Taylor Gates, Bill Gates is not his grandson. Bill Gates’ father and mother were Bill Gates Sr. and Mary Maxwell, who died in 2020 and 1994 respectively, according to NBC News. Bill Gates Sr., also known as William H. Gates II, was born in 1925 to furniture store owners in Washington state, ABC News reported. Frederick Taylor Gates died in 1929, while his wife Emma Cahoon Gates lived until 1934, The New York Times reported. They had seven children, according to his autobiography “Chapters in My Life,” none of whom were named William or Mary. An internet search by Check Your Fact found no credible media report of Frederick Taylor Gates being Bill Gates’ grandfather. Bill Gates hasn’t mentioned Frederick Taylor Gates in any entry of his personal blog either. The Rockefeller Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation collaborated in 2006 to create the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), an initiative to lessen poverty in the continent through agricultural investment, according to The Rockefeller Foundation’s website. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/miguel.cuervo.5249/posts/188296246565526,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-T-Gates,https://rockfound.rockarch.org/biographical/-/asset_publisher/6ygcKECNI1nb/content/frederick-t-gates?,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/13/fact-check-image-bill-gates-anthony-fauci-violating-social-distancing-guidelines-coronavirus/,https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/bill-gates-sr-father-microsoft-co-founder-dies-94-n1240189,https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/bill-gates-sr-father-microsoft-founder-dies-94-73033685,https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/02/07/95877097.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0,https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/04/07/93757961.pdf,https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35101532/frederick-taylor-gates,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chapters_in_My_Life/1Yu5AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0,https://www.google.com/search?q=frederick+taylor+gates+Bill+Gates+grandfather&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr2MuDw_TxAhXAFFkFHYujBjoQ_AUoAHoECAcQAg&biw=1440&bih=717&dpr=2,https://www.gatesnotes.com/Search?search=%22Frederick%20Taylor%20Gates%22,https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/initiative/alliance-for-a-green-revolution-in-africa/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d3a7a1b6a5bca193b0bbb6b0b8aabca6a1b5b2b0a7fdb0bcbe",Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?,,,,,, +10,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-joe-biden-olivia-rodrigo-shoulders/,Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?6:33 PM 07/20/2021Mecca Fowler | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 2,000 times purportedly shows President Joe Biden touching singer Olivia Rodrigo’s shoulders. Verdict: False Biden has been photoshopped into the photo. Fact Check: The “Drivers License” singer visited the White House last week as part of the Biden administration’s effort to encourage more young people to get COVID-19 vaccinations, according to the Associated Press. Following her White House visit, some social media users started sharing an altered image appearing to show Biden touching her shoulders. In the original picture taken by photographer Oliver Contreras for Bloomberg in the White House briefing room, only Rodrigo and White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki can be seen. Biden did not attend the July 14 briefing in which Rodrigo participated, a review of the transcript and footage from the briefing shows. (RELATED: Viral Image Makes False Claim About Joe And Jill Biden’s Relationship) Biden has been digitally edited into the photo of Rodrigo and Psaki in the briefing room. The picture of Biden comes from the 2015 swearing-in ceremony for former Defense Secretary Ash Carter, when the then-vice president put his hands on the shoulders of Ash Carter’s wife Stephanie and spoke to her. Some people pointed to the picture of Biden and Stephanie Carter during the 2020 presidential election cycle to criticize him for his interactions with women. Stephanie Carter said in a 2019 Medium post that the picture had been “misleadingly” taken out-of-context and that Biden touched her shoulders “as a means of offering his support.” Rodrigo and Biden did share actual photos of them together during her White House visit to their respective Instagram accounts. share on facebook tweet this show commentsMecca FowlerContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmDBbnmKpqQ,https://apnews.com/article/olivia-rodrigo-visits-white-house-vaccines-07aeaeb169aa7daed999dd48d57e06a0,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/jen-psaki-white-house-press-secretary-right-introduces-pop-news-photo/1233977853?adppopup=true,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/14/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-jen-psaki-july-14-2021/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ek6Y3jzOLP4,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/28/fact-check-joe-jill-biden-babysitter-wife-hospitalized/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3gGncZMCKQ,https://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Obama-Defense-Secretary-/d6517cafb1ce43a18fd9fb9abd5202e9/2/0,https://www.vox.com/2019/4/2/18290345/joe-biden-lucy-flores-amy-lappos,https://medium.com/@scarterdc/the-metoo-story-that-wasnt-me-6c1d5eb1e94d,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_medium=copy_link,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU9pq4rEKj/",Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?,,,,,, +11,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-joe-biden-americans-dont-receive-vaccine-quarantine-camps/,Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?5:18 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims President Joe Biden announced that Americans not vaccinated against COVID-19 before 2022 will be put in “quarantine camps.” Verdict: False There is no record of Biden making such an announcement. The claim appears to stem from a satirical article. Fact Check: The Facebook photo shows what appears to be a screen grab of a June 21 article including an image of Biden and bearing the headline: “Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put In Camps.” Text in the screen grab goes on to say that unvaccinated Americans will be detained in “quarantine camps” until they are vaccinated. There is no record, however, of Biden making such an announcement. A search of the White House’s website turned up no mention of imprisoning unvaccinated Americans. Check Your Fact also searched Biden’s verified social media accounts, but found no instances of him announcing such a plan. While the Biden administration has been actively working to get more Americans vaccinated against COVID-19, according to The New York Times, Check Your Fact found no news reporting about the president announcing any plan to imprison those who refuse to be vaccinated. (RELATED: Did Joe Biden Announce Looting Would Be Renamed ‘Justice Shopping’?) The screen grabbed article in the Facebook post appears to have been published by Value Walk, a website that “provides unique coverage on hedge funds, large asset managers, and value investing,” according to its “About” section. A clear disclaimer at the bottom of the article says, “This is a satirical article.” Value Walk also included a notice that the article was first posted by The Stonk Market, a financial satire website. While both Value Walk and The Stonk Market include disclaimers about the satirical nature of the story, social media users have been sharing the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing the erroneous claim to be true. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/byron.xermes/posts/3573218892781411,https://www.whitehouse.gov/?s=camps+2022,https://twitter.com/search?q=2022%20(from%3AJoeBiden%20OR%20from%3APOTUS)&src=typed_query,https://www.facebook.com/page/7860876103/search/?q=2022,https://www.instagram.com/joebiden/,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/06/us/politics/biden-vaccines.html,https://www.google.com/search?q=Biden+plan+to+send+unvaccinated+to+camps+in+2022&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPn9m0wvLxAhV1F1kFHWgcA9sQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/05/28/fact-check-joe-biden-looting-justice-shopping-fox-news/,https://www.valuewalk.com/president-joe-biden-announces-americans-not-vaccinated-before-2022-will-be-put-in-camps/,https://www.valuewalk.com/investorshub/,https://thestonkmarket.com/president-joe-biden-announces-americans-not-vaccinated-before-2022-will-be-put-in-camps/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#86e3ebefeaffc6e2e7efeaffe5e7eaeae3f4e8e3f1f5e0e9f3e8e2e7f2efe9e8a8e9f4e1",Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?,,,,,, +12,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-solar-storm-gps-internet-satellites-earth/,"Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?",2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?4:36 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Instagram claims a “massive solar storm heading towards Earth could affect GPS, internet and satellites.”   View this post on Instagram   A post shared by Rap by RAPTV (@rap) Verdict: False The Space Weather Prediction Center’s forecast does not show any major solar storm heading toward Earth in the coming days. There were also no major solar storms last week. Fact Check: Solar storms are natural phenomena that occur when disturbances on the sun, such as solar flares or coronal mass ejections, emit electromagnetic radiation and charged particle radiation into the solar system, according to CBS News. Under certain conditions, such solar activity can disrupt satellites as well as technologies on Earth like GPS and radio communications, according to NASA. The July 14 Instagram post claims a “massive solar storm” that can impact GPS, internet and satellites is heading toward Earth. However, there is no mention of an imminent solar storm to that effect on the Space Weather Prediction Center’s three-day forecast, and no such storm occurred last week. The forecast on Monday said, “Solar activity is likely to remain very low with a slight chance for C-class flares on 19-21 Jul,” while Tuesday’s forecast currently states, “Solar activity is expected to be very low, with an increasing chance of C-class flares 20-22 Jul.” C-class solar flares are “too weak to noticeably affect Earth,” according to NASA. “The solar observations have been greatly mischaracterized,” Theo Stein, a spokesperson for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said in an email to Check Your Fact. (RELATED: No, This Is Not A ‘Photo From Mars’ Fabricated By NASA) The last significant solar activity registered by the NOAA occurred on July 3, when an X-1 solar flare was observed. X-class flares are the strongest type of solar flare and can affect Earth, according to NASA. The July 3 flare was the largest since 2017 and caused a brief radio blackout, according to Space.com. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRT4vophNP0/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRT4vophNP0/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-kind-of-damage-can-a-solar-storm-do/,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/spaceweather/index.html#q5,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/about-space-weather,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720184726/https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/X-class-flares.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/03/29/fact-check-photo-mars-fabricated-nasa/,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/news/r3-strong-radio-blackout-observed,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/X-class-flares.html,https://www.space.com/sun-unleashes-x-class-solar-flare-july-2021-video,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6e0b030702172e0a0f0702170d0f02020b1c000b191d08011b000a0f1a07010040011c09","Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?",,,,,, +13,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-make-a-wish-foundation-wishes-fully-vaccinated-children/,Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?4:14 PM 07/20/2021Mecca Fowler | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the Make-A-Wish Foundation is only granting wishes to children who are fully vaccinated. Verdict: False While Make-A-Wish is requiring families to be vaccinated for wishes involving air travel and large crowds, it is not denying wishes to unvaccinated children. The claim appears to stem from a misunderstanding of a video from the Make-A-Wish CEO. Fact Check: The Make-A-Wish Foundation is a non-profit organization that grants wishes to critically ill children, according to the foundation’s website. Now, a post on Facebook claims the organization decided to only grant wishes to children who are fully vaccinated. The coronavirus pandemic put thousands of wishes on hold due to stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions and event cancellations, NBC South Florida reported in May 2020. Other children had to alter their wishes, according to USA Today. There is no evidence, however, that Make-A-Wish is refusing to grant wishes to unvaccinated children. An internet search conducted by Check Your Fact found no media outlets reporting that the foundation is mandating vaccines before children can receive wishes, only other fact-checking outlets debunking the claim. The claim appears to stem from a deceptively edited video shared on Twitter, that showed Make-A-Wish CEO Richard Davis speaking about updates to Make-A-Wish’s COVID-19 policies. In the edited video, Davis says wishes involving air travel within the U.S. and large gatherings will resume September 15, but will require all participants, including the child making a wish, to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. The Twitter video, which was originally sent in an email to Make-A-Wish families, was edited to end before Davis finished explaining which children would be eligible for wishes involving air travel and large gatherings, the Associated Press reported. (RELATED: Does The Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine Contain Graphene Oxide?) The foundation on June 28 published a statement on its website clarifying the misinformation surrounding its vaccine policy. “Make-A-Wish has not, does not and will not deny wishes to children who are not vaccinated,” the statement reads, in part. “Since the beginning of the pandemic, Make-A-Wish has safely granted over 6,500 wishes to children and families – regardless of vaccination status. Make-A-Wish will continue to grant wishes to children who are not vaccinated.” The statement goes on to explain that there are other types of wishes to choose from that don’t require being vaccinated, such as road trips, shopping sprees, meeting a celebrity and room decorations. The vaccine policy does not apply to children who have received a terminal prognosis, according to the statement. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsMecca FowlerContributor","https://www.facebook.com/MarchAgainstCorruption/posts/2326354117495293,https://wish.org/about-us,https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/coronavirus/make-a-wish-trying-to-make-dreams-come-true-during-pandemic/2227685/,https://www.usatoday.com/story/lifestyle/2020/08/19/make-a-wish-still-helping-dreams-come-true-during-pandemic-mdash-just-different-ones/113347928/,https://www.google.com/search?q=Make-A-wish+refusing+to+grant+wishes+unvaccinated+children&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS890US890&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjmpTgo_LxAhVrElkFHSLbCVsQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://twitter.com/Pelham_3/status/1407964106653536256,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-business-6ecfe4db4e9eef5d0577a11aaba0f985,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/12/fact-check-pfizer-covid-vaccine-graphene-oxide/,https://wish.org/news-releases/vaccine-policy,https://wish.org/news-releases/vaccine-policy",Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?,,,,,, +14,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-protest-france-covid-measures/,Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?2:20 PM 07/20/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Instagram allegedly shows a recent protest in France against COVID-19 mitigation measures.   View this post on Instagram   A post shared by CBK (@cbk.news) Verdict: False The photo, which dates back to 2018, shows celebrations of France’s FIFA World Cup victory that year. Fact Check: The image of a woman holding a French flag while a massive crowd gathers below on the Champs-Elysees avenue in Paris has circulated on Instagram and Facebook recently. In numerous instances, users alleged in the captions that it depicts a protest against the French government’s new COVID-19 mitigation measures. The French government recently announced measures that will mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for all health care workers and that will require people get special health passes documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from it to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, according to Reuters. The announcement of those measures resulted in over 100,000 people protesting across France this past weekend, the Associated Press reported. A reverse image search revealed the photo actually dates back to 2018 and shows people in Paris celebrating the French national soccer team winning the FIFA World Cup. France won the World Cup that year after beating Croatia 4-2 in the final match, NPR reported. AFP photographer Ludovic Marin took the picture. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Cuban Farmer Before Being Executed For Refusing To Work For The Castro Regime) “This picture taken from the top of the Arch of Triumph (Arc de Triomphe) on July 15, 2018 shows people celebrating France’s victory in the Russia 2018 World Cup final football match between France and Croatia, on the Champs-Elysees avenue in Paris,” reads the caption on Getty Images. Photos taken of people in Paris protesting against France’s new COVID-19 measures can be found on Reuters Connect and AP Images. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Av.+des+Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,+75008+Paris,+France/@48.8729602,2.2956639,565m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66fc4f8007851:0x5aa1a787f38f64f6!8m2!3d48.8729602!4d2.2978526,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/,https://www.facebook.com/sue.rhodes.7140/posts/332635195233853,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-broadens-use-covid-19-health-pass-slashes-fines-2021-07-19/,https://apnews.com/article/europe-business-health-government-and-politics-france-d25494f4cf4ca6c6d1464188a89ece6f,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.npr.org/2018/07/15/629245670/france-wins-world-cup,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/10/fact-check-cuban-farmer-executed-castro-regime/,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.reutersconnect.com/all?search=all%3Aprotest%20paris,https://www.apimages.com/Search?query=paris+vaccine+protest&ss=10&st=kw&entitysearch=&toItem=15&orderBy=Newest&searchMediaType=allmedia,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?,,,,,, +15,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-image-farmers-protesting-new-zealand/,Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?1:28 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows farmers protesting on tractors in New Zealand. Verdict: False The image, which was taken in 2019, actually shows a farmers’ protest in the Netherlands, not New Zealand. Fact Check: In recent days, New Zealand farmers have been participating in a demonstration called “Howl Of A Protest,” and have been driving their tractors into cities, causing traffic jams, Reuters reported. The farmers are protesting the New Zealand government’s environmental and climate change policies, among other regulations, that some believe are hurting their business, according to the outlet. Now some social media users have been sharing an image, supposedly from the protests, showing dozens of tractors driving down one side of a highway. “Farmer’s protest today! pukekohe to Auckland,” the image’s caption reads. “Standing up to our tyrannical government that are land grabbing and destroying farmer’s lively hoods. We need to support them for the farmers feed us!” The image does not, however, show the recent New Zealand protests. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found a near-identical photo on Shutterstock. The image shared on Facebook appears to have flipped and cropped the original photo. The photo was actually taken in the Netherlands in 2019, according to its caption on Shutterstock. “Farmers block the A28 Highway with their tractors between Hoogeveen and Meppel in The Netherlands, 01 October 2019,” the image’s caption reads. “The farmers joined a national protest in The Hague.” (RELATED: Did Stacey Abrams Say, ‘We Don’t Need Farmers, When We Have Grocery Stores’?) The 2019 protest was in response to proposed measures of reducing nitrogen emissions that some farmers felt unfairly targeted their profession, NPR reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/bettina.barbie/posts/10224701620075561,https://www.reuters.com/world/farmers-protesting-tractors-take-streets-new-zealand-2021-07-16/,https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/farmers-protest-in-the-hague-hoogeven-netherlands-01-oct-2019-10431957a,https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/farmers-protest-in-the-hague-hoogeven-netherlands-01-oct-2019-10431957a,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/22/fact-check-stacey-abrams-dont-need-farmers-have-grocery-stores/,https://www.npr.org/2019/10/01/766012978/tractor-trail-of-protesting-dutch-farmers-snarls-traffic-for-hundreds-of-miles,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d6b3bbbfbaaf96b2b7bfbaafb5b7babab3a4b8b3a1a5b0b9a3b8b2b7a2bfb9b8f8b9a4b1",Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?,,,,,, +16,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-solar-eclipse-international-space-station/,Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?11:44 AM 07/20/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims to show a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. Verdict: False The image is a piece of digital artwork, not a photo taken from the International Space Station. Fact Check: The International Space Station, which orbits about 250 miles above the earth, was assembled in parts between 1998 and 2011, according to NASA. 2020 marked the International Space Station’s 20th year of astronaut crews living on it, the Associated Press reported. The Facebook post claims to show a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon moves between the sun and the earth and blocks the sun’s light, casting a shadow on earth, according to NASA. (RELATED: Is This Image The ‘First Ever’ Photo Of A Sunset On Mars?) While the picture does contain some actual imagery of space, it is not a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact discovered it is actually a piece of digital artwork created by Deviant Art user A4size-ska using software called Terragen 2. The image of the Milky Way in the background of the piece comes from the European Space Observatory. The inaccurate claim that the image shows a solar eclipse “viewed from the International Space Station” has circulated online since at least 2012. In an article for Discover Magazine that year, astronomer Phil Plait debunked the claim, noting that “the bright Earth (and Sun!) would wash out the background stars in a picture like this, so you’d not see them, and certainly not the Milky Way.” Gizmodo also reported that the image was a “3D rendering made in Terragen 2” by the Deviant Art user. This isn’t the first time social media users have mistaken a piece of digital artwork as a genuine photo taken of space. In February, Check Your Fact debunked an image some Facebook users claimed to show “Earth, Venus and Jupiter as seen from Mars” that, in actuality, was computer-generated. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/100122238376496/photos/a.154075826314470/341928764195841/?type=3&theater,https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Space-Station,https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-the-iss-58.html,https://apnews.com/article/russia-70f64e672c35638d7580a95799e6f54f,https://www.facebook.com/100122238376496/photos/a.154075826314470/341928764195841/?type=3&theater,https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-an-eclipse-k4,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/03/17/fact-check-first-ever-photo-sunset-mars-illustration/,https://www.deviantart.com/a4size-ska/art/Eclipse-144235675,http://www.planetside.co.uk/downloads/tg2deep/dru9uwepuxu3haka/Terragen2Deep25050.shtml,https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0932a/,https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/a-fake-and-a-real-view-of-the-solar-eclipse-from-space,https://www.syfy.com/author/phil-plait,https://gizmodo.com/this-mind-blowing-image-of-the-eclipse-cant-possibly-be-5912184,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/02/26/fact-check-image-earth-venus-jupiter-mars/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?,,,,,, +17,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-chief-justice-john-roberts-arrested/,Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?10:25 AM 07/20/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts has been arrested and charged for child trafficking, among other charges. Verdict: False There is no record of Roberts being arrested for child trafficking, or any other charges. Fact Check: “Breaking News! Chief Justice John Roberts has been arrested for child trafficking, plus other charges!” the July 14 Facebook post reads, citing someone named Scott Brunswick as the source of the claim. Brunswick has previously been cited as the source for other Facebook posts, including one that falsely claimed former President Donald Trump retained full control of the military. There is no evidence, however, that Roberts was arrested for child trafficking, or anything else. Check Your Fact searched press releases from the Supreme Court and the FBI, but found no mention of Roberts being arrested. Had the chief justice been arrested, major media outlets almost certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. While Supreme Court Justices are able to hold office “as long as they choose,” according to the Supreme Court’s website, they are able to be removed by impeachment. Justices can be impeached for committing “treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors,” per the U.S. Constitution. If Roberts was arrested for child trafficking, he would likely be susceptible to an impeachment charge from Congress, but there has not been any congressional action taken against him, according to Congress.gov. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Chief Justice John Roberts With Ghislaine Maxwell) Roberts most recently released a statement July 1 marking the end of the term, and the start of Supreme Court recess until October. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4383237421741022,https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4265374396860659,https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/press/pressreleases.aspx,https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel,https://news.google.com/search?q=chief%20justice%20roberts%20arrested&hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen,https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/faq_general.aspx,https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript,https://www.congress.gov/search?q=%7B%22source%22%3A%22all%22%2C%22congress%22%3A%22117%22%2C%22search%22%3A%22john+roberts%22%7D,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/21/fact-check-photo-john-roberts-ghislaine-maxwell-jean-luc-brunel/,https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/press/pressreleases/pr_07-01-21",Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?,,,,,, +18,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-protest-cuba-argentina-soccer/,Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?7:09 PM 07/19/2021Alexis Enderle | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows a large nighttime anti-government protest in Cuba on July 17. Verdict: False The video shows soccer fans celebrating in Buenos Aires, Argentina, after the country’s team won the Copa América final against Brazil. Fact Check: Widespread anti-government protests erupted across Cuba starting July 11, according to The Wall Street Journal. Cubans are protesting the Communist-run government, food and medicine shortages and electricity outages, among other things, the Associated Press reported. Misinformation related to the Cuban anti-government protests has circulated widely on social media in recent days. The inaccurate claim that the video, which has garnered over 1,400 views so far, shows a nighttime protest in the country “right now” is one such example. It actually shows Argentinians in Buenos Aires celebrating the national soccer team’s victory over Brazil in the Copa América final on July 10. The well-known Obelisco de Buenos Aires can be seen in the video lit up with blue lights. Similar footage shared by The Guardian’s soccer-focused Youtube channel, Guardian Football, shows a large crowd of Argentina soccer fans celebrating the July 10 win in the Plaza de la Republica, where the monument is located. The description of Guardian Football’s video containing the similar footage reads in part, “Thousands took to the streets in Buenos Aires on Saturday night after Argentina beat its historic rival Brazil in the Copa América final.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?) Reuters also published footage depicting Argentina soccer fans on July 10 celebrating the win in Buenos Aires. Amongst the large crowd, the blue-lit obelisk can be seen, according to the Reuters video. Check Your Fact previously debunked an image of thousands of people gathered in a street that some social media users claimed showed an anti-government protest in Cuba. That photo actually captured part of a 2011 demonstration in Egypt. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsAlexis EnderleContributor","https://www.facebook.com/berit.larsen.798/videos/616304286000528,https://www.wsj.com/articles/cuba-protests-whats-happening-11626112390,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-business-health-cuba-53b679e5500247f8bf6195b692015605,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.facebook.com/berit.larsen.798/videos/616304286000528,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/11/1015105606/lionel-messi-sends-argentina-to-victory-over-brazil-in-copa-america-final,https://turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/en/otros-establecimientos/obelisk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsYxxeeXoo8,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNHqb1IRxQ5WBsWtO53JL2g,https://www.google.com/maps/search/obelisco+de+buenos+aires/@-34.6036415,-58.3816822,113m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsYxxeeXoo8,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/argentina-beat-brazil-1-0-win-copa-america-2021-07-11/,https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/argentina-beat-brazil-1-0-win-copa-america-2021-07-11/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/",Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, +19,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-kayleigh-mcenany-jfk-granddaughter/,Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?5:18 PM 07/19/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims former White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany is the granddaughter of former President John F. Kennedy and daughter of John F. Kennedy Jr. Verdict: False Kayleigh McEnany is the daughter of Michael McEnany and Leanne McEnany. She is not directly related to John F. Kennedy. Fact Check: The image includes a photo of Kayleigh McEnany surrounded by photos of Jacqueline Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy. Text in the photo lists John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy as Kayleigh McEnany’s grandparents and John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy as her parents. There is, however, no evidence Kayleigh McEnany is directly related to John F. Kennedy. Kayleigh McEnany was born in 1988 to parents Michael and Leanne McEnany, according to the Tampa Bay Times. (RELATED: No, JFK Jr. Is Not Still Alive) John F. Kennedy had four children, none of whom were named Michael or Leanne. His children were named Arabella, Caroline, John and Patrick, The Sun reported. Arabella was stillborn, according to the outlet, and Patrick died days after he was born, The New York Times reported. John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife Carolyn and his sister-in-law all died in a plane crash off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard in July 1999, according to The New York Times. John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn were married in 1996, eight years after Kayleigh McEnany was born, and they never had children, Heavy reported. John F. Kennedy Jr.’s sister, Caroline, is the mother of John F. Kennedy’s only grandchildren, and none are named Kayleigh. Caroline’s children are named Rose, Tatiana and Jack, according to Town & Country magazine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10222895788397911&set=gm.1464023903965607&type=3&eid=ARDNAgjPEzV_AymNuQSZ5puq-upKAHuwusnxRODXLXo2ICQIfcRPRqyXhvu4Aq9KcMnPMfUQmG0xX0cf&__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARCBWklaLyXx2uXtogxb2NmN8rAdI5Cw4Od26ROgLo0kgOuCBVt0L9U6Wy61mDKS7g3K1XWDMCzlIJJlpN3GQE-DSXCKMDc6g_YHPqfYEeParkqSXhr_7jOUmFlMg9XjJrzuqHPjUw035l_HQAdJKwc6S03oTE4IDUcwZOjgzGX1j5JK--Yz-lJVtXWFYweUQTThKQwif0ETY6gfovnEeGgLeSC-exVm_6cARLE50ypE-MhsHaJzhGcCPuEpoH1ZH-D9tGEl09emfdI6csdvw-En1RXvtaam5cU,https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-kayleigh-mcenany-bio-life-facts-trump-rnc-cnn-2017-8#during-the-campaign-mcenany-frequently-appeared-as-a-trump-surrogate-most-prominently-on-cnn-where-she-was-a-paid-commentator-who-promoted-trumps-platform-and-debated-with-left-leaning-and-anti-trump-commentators-10,https://www.tampabay.com/news/hillsborough/2019/10/31/kayleigh-mcenany-highlights-hillsborough-gop-lincoln-day-dinner/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/09/fact-check-jfk-jr-is-not-alive/,https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/7708799/john-f-kennedy-president-jfk-assassination-kids-caroline-john-jr-patrick-arabella/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210619091532/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/30/health/a-kennedy-babys-life-and-death.html,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://heavy.com/entertainment/2019/01/jfk-jr-carolyn-bessette-children-kids-wife/#:~:text=Getty%20JFK%20Jr.,Bessette%2C%20did%20not%20have%20children.,https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/g2178/young-kennedys/",Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?,,,,,, +20,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-greta-thunberg-sticker-car-flood-germany/,Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?4:40 PM 07/19/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows an anti-Greta Thunberg sticker on a car stuck in a flood. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False The sticker has been digitally edited into the photo. Fact Check: The picture of the BMW supposedly sporting a “Fuck You Greta!” sticker on the back windshield has circulated on Facebook in recent days. The alleged sticker appears to reference Thunberg, a well-known Swedish environmental activist. The image also went viral on Twitter, where one iteration has received over 1,200 retweets and 9,000 likes as of press time. The anti-Thunberg sticker has been photoshopped into the picture, a reverse image search revealed. The original photo, taken by photographer David Young, can be found in a July 16 article about cars that was published by the German newspaper Bild in connection to flooding in Germany. In the unaltered picture, there are no stickers visible on the car’s window. Countries in Western Europe were recently hit by deadly floods, with at least 160 people having been killed by them in Germany, according to the Associated Press. At least 31 people in Belgium have died in the floods, the outlet reported Monday. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Greta Thunberg Eating On A Train While Children Watch From Outside) One Twitter user who shared the image later appeared to clarify that it was doctored, saying in part, “Apparently the bumper sticker is photoshopped in, which isn’t surprising since this is in Germany, so presumably it would be in German (or Belgian, Dutch) if it were real.” Apparently the bumper sticker is photoshopped in, which isn’t surprising since this is in Germany, so presumably it would be in German (or Belgian, Dutch) if it were real. I just saw it somewhere and copied it, not expecting it to blow up, lol. pic.twitter.com/FGXU56KurC — #Doomberg: Marxist-Yeagerist ⌬ (@delmoi) July 17, 2021 “I just saw it somewhere and copied it, not expecting it to blow up, lol,” the same user went on to say in the July 17 tweet. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/marynunzianteQ/posts/2313976515400706,https://www.facebook.com/marynunzianteQ/posts/2313976515400706,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Greta-Thunberg,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416239004610093056,https://www.bild.de/auto/service/service/hochwasser-schaeden-am-auto-welche-versicherung-zahlt-65678570.bild.html,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/flooding-in-germany-europe-deaths-hundreds-missing-2021-07-19/,https://apnews.com/article/europe-germany-floods-662f251959433bdbbc251631460e4314,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/02/28/fact-check-greta-thunberg-eating-train-children-watch/,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://t.co/FGXU56KurC,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?,,,,,, +21,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-elephant-carrying-lion-cub/,Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?1:27 PM 07/19/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 250 times allegedly shows an elephant carrying a lion cub while a lioness walks beside them. Verdict: False The photo of the elephant has been photoshopped to include a lioness and lion cub. The image was originally created for an April Fools’ Day prank. Fact Check: The image seemingly showing a lioness padding alongside an elephant holding a cub with its trunk has circulated online for several years. “It was considered the best photo of this century,” text inside the image states. “A lioness and her cub were crossing the savannah but the heat was excessive and the cub was in great difficulty walking. An elephant realized that the cub would die and carried him in his trunk to a pool of water walking beside his mother. And we call them wild animals.” The image is photoshopped. The unaltered picture of the elephant can be found on Wikimedia Commons. In the original photo, there are no lions accompanying the elephant as it crosses a dirt path. (RELATED: Did Russia Let Over 500 Lions Loose To Keep People Indoors During The Coronavirus Pandemic?) Kruger Sightings, an online service that shares wildlife sightings at South Africa’s Kruger National Park, first tweeted the altered picture on April 1, 2018, with a similar story accompanying it. The caption credits the photo to “Sloof Lirpa,” which is “April Fools” written backwards. Nadav Ossendryver, the founder of Kruger Sightings, said that it was created as a 2018 April Fools’ Day prank and that it quickly went viral, according to Business Insider South Africa. Ossendryver said some media outlets reached out to him at the time asking for permission to use it, the outlet reported. Despite Kruger Sightings also posting on its website in 2018 that the photoshopped image was an April Fools joke, some social media users have continued to share it, seemingly believing it is a genuine photo of an elephant helping a lioness and her cub. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/jackmason1953/posts/10222471645914304,https://www.facebook.com/jackmason1953/posts/10222471645914304,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elephant_side-view_Kruger.jpg,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/03/24/fact-check-russia-500-lions-look-streets-coronavirus/,https://twitter.com/LatestKruger/status/980344432393375744?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E980344432393375744%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.co.za%2Fsa-elephant-picture-fools-20-million-people-2018-4,https://www.businessinsider.co.za/sa-elephant-picture-fools-20-million-people-2018-4,https://www.latestsightings.com/single-post/2018/04/01/How-To-Make-Your-April-Fools-Joke-Go-Viral,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4c383e293a233e0c2f24292f273523393e2a2d2f38622f2321",Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?,,,,,, +22,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-italians-celebrating-european-championship-soccer-firecrackers/,Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?12:29 PM 07/19/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook claims to show Italians celebrating the men’s national team’s recent victory in the 2020 European Championship soccer tournament by igniting a long line of firecrackers. Verdict: False The video shows a religious festival in Taiwan in April, not a soccer celebration in Italy. Fact Check: Italy’s national men’s soccer team won the 2020 European Championship after defeating England on July 11, a win that prompted celebrations across the country, according to The New York Times. Now, a July 13 video claims to show supporters of the team setting off a long line of red firecrackers in the street. “Italy’s celebration on euro cup winning,” reads the post’s caption. “No pollution for them ,only India’s Dipawali crackers pollute the world!” (RELATED: Does This Image Show Italian Police Laying Down Their Equipment In Solidarity With People Protesting COVID-19 Restrictions?) Dipawali, or Diwali, is India’s most important holiday, and is typically celebrated with a large festival in which firecrackers and fireworks are ignited, a tradition that has been criticized for contributing to air pollution, according to NPR. The Facebook video does not, however, show a celebration in Italy. Through a reverse image search of key frames, Check Your Fact found similar footage posted on YouTube in April by Taiwanese news outlet Sanli News Network with the title: “Firecrackers stretch for 500 meters to welcome Baishatun Mazu enthusiastically.” The Baishatun Mazu (or Matsu) Pilgrimage is an annual religious festival in which tens of thousands of people walk 400 kilometers across Taiwan to honor the sea goddess Matsu, according to the Taipei Times. This year’s pilgrimage began on April 11, the outlet reported. Firecrackers are often set off along the route to celebrate the deity, according to Taiwan Panorama. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/hemant.sahasrabuddhe1/videos/322341792929435,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/11/sports/soccer/italy-wins-european-championship.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/09/fact-check-image-italian-police-equipment-solidarity-protesting-covid-19-restrictions/,https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/diwali,https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/11/12/934097578/fireworks-of-diwali-spark-worries-about-pollution-and-coronavirus-cases,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2W9nVfMDbU&t=324s,https://www.setn.com/,https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/04/12/2003755516,https://www.taiwan-panorama.com/en/Articles/Details?Guid=33d9ab7c-b4f1-4ebf-9223-7af588f879db,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1c79717570655c787d7570657f7d7070796e72796b6f7a736972787d6875737232736e7b",Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?,,,,,, +23,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-water-cannons-french-protesting-covid-vaccinations/,Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?10:59 AM 07/19/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows a crowd of French citizens who were protesting “President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations” being dispersed with water cannons. Verdict: False The video shows a protest in Kenya, not France. Fact Check: The 31-second video shows an aerial view of people running in different directions on a street as two vehicles shoot water cannons at them. The caption of the video reads, “Resistance begins to mount against President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Kenyans In Nairobi Protesting In Solidarity With Nigerians In June 2021?) That description of the video, however, is inaccurate. A keyword search of terms associated with the video turned up several YouTube videos showing the same footage, all of which indicate it actually shows a protest at the University of Nairobi in Kenya. Several landmarks in the video match those visible in a Google Maps street view of University Way, confirming the incident occurred near the University of Nairobi. Kenyan riot police have used water cannons and tear gas on multiple occasions in recent years to disperse protests in Nairobi, and it is unclear which exact demonstration the video shows. Last week, Kenyan riot police used tear gas against University of Nairobi students who were protesting the university’s decision to raise tuition fees, according to AFP. During a recent televised speech, French President Emmanuel Macron announced that due to a recent rise in COVID-19 cases in the country, vaccines would become mandatory for health care workers by September 15, according to France24. He has not mandated COVID-19 vaccines for all French citizens at the time of publication. The French president announced in the same address that starting in August, anyone who wants to go to certain venues such as restaurants, bars and malls must have a special “health pass” documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from it, according to NPR. The announced rules prompted protests in parts of France, according to Reuters. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/21/fact-check-photo-kenyans-protesting-solidarity-nigerians/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHhKt0-wMqE,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeOtrxrmLWk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpGlJ4US3rs,https://www.google.com/maps/@-1.2809558,36.8164636,3a,75y,166.43h,96.47t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sbDS3zP6e--ba8wa9_BX46g!2e0!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-kenya-police-idUKKCN1C81B6,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-36251822,https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/07/kenya-protesters-clash-with-police-in-nairobi-over-covid-curfews-and-restrictions/,https://www.euronews.com/2016/05/16/tear-gas-and-water-cannon-fired-on-protesters-in-kenya,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/kenyan-police-tear-gas-protesting-150855698.html,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzOXfvVipvs,https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210712-follow-live-france-s-macron-addresses-the-nation-as-covid-19-delta-variant-surges,https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/07/13/1015591406/french-people-rush-for-vaccines-after-macron-ties-a-new-health-pass-to-cafe-life,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-police-quell-protest-against-covid-health-passport-rules-2021-07-14/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d2b7bfbbbeab92b6b3bbbeabb1b3bebeb7a0bcb7a5a1b4bda7bcb6b3a6bbbdbcfcbda0b5",Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?,,,,,, +24,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-image-joe-biden-kneeling-israeli-president/,Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?5:00 PM 07/16/2021Charlese Freeman | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims President Joe Biden kneeled before former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin and pledged his “unconditional support to Israeli.” Verdict: False The image actually shows Biden kneeling in admiration of Rivlin’s chief of staff, Rivka Ravitz, who has 12 children. The claim appears to stem from a website that does not guarantee the “accuracy, completeness or usefulness” of its information. Fact Check: The July 8 post includes what appears to be a screen grab of an article with a featured image showing Biden on one knee in front of Rivlin and Ravitz. The article’s headline reads: “Biden Literally Kneels Before Israeli President in Bizarre and Humiliating Display — Pledges Unconditional Support to Israel.” Biden was not, however, kneeling  before the former president as a display of “unconditional support” to Israel. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the image published in a July 2 article by the Times of Israel. Biden knelt in front of Ravitz in awe of the fact that she has 12 children, the outlet reported. Rivlin met with Biden at the White House in late June to “reset” the relationship between Israel and the U.S., the Washington Post reported. During the meeting, Biden said his commitment to Israel is “ironclad,” according to a transcript of remarks published by the White House. (RELATED: Does This Image Show Mark Zuckerberg Holding An ‘I Stand With Israel’ Sign?) The article in the screen grab appears to have been published by the website en Volve. En Volve includes a disclaimer under the “Website Terms Of Use” section that says: “We do not warrant the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of this information. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk.” Despite the disclaimer included on en Volve’s website, social media users have shared the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing the baseless claim to be genuine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsCharlese FreemanContributor","https://www.facebook.com/sweetie.cochran/posts/10226994121745995,https://www.facebook.com/sweetie.cochran/posts/10226994121745995,https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-kneels-before-rivlin-aide-after-learning-she-has-12-kids/,https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-kneels-before-rivlin-aide-after-learning-she-has-12-kids/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/28/joe-biden-live-updates/,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/06/28/remarks-by-president-biden-and-president-rivlin-of-the-state-of-israel-before-bilateral-meeting/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/05/29/fact-check-mark-zuckerberg-stand-israel-sign/,https://en-volve.com/2021/07/05/in-humiliating-display-biden-literally-kneels-before-israeli-president-and-pledges-unconditional-support-to-israel/,https://en-volve.com/terms-of-service/",Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?,,,,,, +25,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-boris-johnson-black-eye-covid-19-briefing/,Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?3:37 PM 07/16/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook purportedly shows a BBC News segment where U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson has a black eye. Verdict: False The video has been digitally altered. The original video does not show Johnson with a black eye or any visible injury. Fact Check: Johnson announced all remaining coronavirus restrictions in England would be lifted on July 19, despite a recent surge in COVID-19 cases, according to the Associated Press. The country began slowly lifting restrictions in March, starting with reopening schools, the outlet reported. Now, a video on Facebook seemingly shows a news segment aired on BBC News of Johnson speaking with a black eye. The video was first shared on TikTok July 12 and has over 35,000 likes and 6,100 comments. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Boris Johnson With Ghislaine Maxwell?) The video, however, appears to have been doctored to include the black eye. Check Your Fact found the original video posted on YouTube by BBC on July 12. In the original segment, Johnson is shown speaking at a press conference about England removing the last of the COVID-19 restrictions, and he does not have a black eye. If Johnson actually gave a press briefing while having a black eye, media outlets likely would have reported on it, yet none have. In 2011, when Johnson was the mayor of London, the Evening Standard reported he showed up to vote with a black eye he received after hitting a security barrier headfirst while cycling. Over 1,200 scientists signed a letter to The Lancet criticizing Johnson’s plan to lift COVID-19 restrictions on July 19, calling the decision a “dangerous and unethical experiment,” according to The Guardian. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/scott.keen.94/videos/4506509099393448,https://apnews.com/article/europe-business-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-3776cfdb1c180720b9ea000a2c65618b,https://www.tiktok.com/@hussainalsalman0/video/6984081554679041285?is_copy_url=1&is_from_webapp=v1,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/07/07/fact-check-photo-boris-johnson-ghislaine-maxwell-allegra-mostyn-owen/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMUAtuMqgzs,https://www.google.com/search?q=boris+johnson+black+eye&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ9dD2iujxAhVmkeAKHZyNCMIQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=729,https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/boris-johnson-turns-out-to-vote-sporting-an-unsightly-black-eye-6398644.html,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01589-0/fulltext,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/16/englands-covid-unlocking-a-threat-to-the-world-experts-say,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?,,,,,, +26,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-barack-obama-bobi-wine/,Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture8:53 AM 07/16/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows former President Barack Obama and former Ugandan presidential candidate Bobi Wine posing for a picture. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False The image has been digitally altered to include Wine. The original image shows Obama and the Argentinian ambassador to the U.S. in 2016. Fact Check: In the image, Obama and Wine look like they are posing for a photo in what appears to be the Oval Office of the White House. Wine wears a double-breasted suit with a red pocket square. (RELATED: Did Haitian President Jovenel Moise Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?) The picture, however, has been digitally altered, a reverse image search revealed. The original photo, found in a January 2016 Mendoza Post article, actually shows Obama standing with Argentina’s then-ambassador to the U.S Martín Lousteau. Wine has been digitally superimposed over Lousteau. While Check Your Fact was unable to identify the original source of the Wine photo, pictures of Wine wearing a similar suit can be found online. For example, he wore it in 2020 while wearing a face mask. He can also be seen wearing it in a photo published by The Standard. Social media users have previously spread false information about Wine and U.S. politicians. In December 2020, Check Your Fact debunked the claim that Obama and President Joe Biden tweeted “#FreeBobiWine” after Wine was arrested. Wine lost the 2021 Ugandan presidential election to long-time president Yoweri Museveni, according to CNN. Wine challenged the election results and said he had evidence of fraud, but ultimately withdrew his challenge, The Associated Press reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2837470679845830&set=a.1402770259982553,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2837470679845830&set=a.1402770259982553,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/,https://www.mendozapost.com/nota/27841-lousteau-embajador-en-washington-fue-recibido-por-obama/,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1692450097582120&set=a.106466696180476,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001392903/bobi-wine-celebrates-wife-barbie-in-moving-message,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/23/fact-check-barack-obama-joe-biden-tweets-free-bobi-wine/,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/16/africa/uganda-presidential-election-yoweri-museveni-bobi-wine-intl/index.html,https://apnews.com/article/yoweri-museveni-elections-bobi-wine-africa-uganda-88085eefd624de960d32fc7f36f2472d,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture,,,,,, +27,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/,Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?6:27 PM 07/15/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the late former president of Haiti Jovenel Moïse told the media the day before he was assassinated that he would expose fraud by the Clinton Foundation. Verdict: False There is no evidence Moïse announced he would expose the Clinton Foundation. The claim appears to stem from a satirical article. Fact Check: A team of gunmen assassinated Moïse and injured his wife in their home on July 7, the Associated Press reported. Now, an image on Facebook seemingly shows a screen grab of an article bearing the headline: “BREAKING: Haitian President Jovenel Moïse to expose Clinton Foundation fraud tomorrow.” Additional text in the image reads, “Last tuesday the president of Haiti told on msm he was gonna expose the Clinton Foundation, one day later he was dead….” Former president and then-U.N. Special Envoy to Haiti Bill Clinton and then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton were criticized for their performance in helping to lead recovery efforts after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti which resulted in an estimated 220,000 deaths, according to BBC News. The Clinton Foundation drew criticism and accusations of corruption related to its involvement in aid work and funding following the disaster, the outlet reported. There is no record of Moïse telling the media he planned to reveal fraud perpetrated by the Clinton Foundation. None of the Haitian Ministry of Communication’s 2021 press releases mention the Clinton Foundation. Nor do any of Moïse’s social media posts. An internet search turned up no media reports of Moïse ever saying he was planning to “expose” the Clinton Foundation. Moïse met and spoke with Bill Clinton in September 2018 during the Bloomberg Global Business Forum in New York, and tweeted that the exchange was “a pleasure.” (RELATED: Did Haiti’s First Lady Martine Moïse Die?) The screen grabbed article in the Facebook post appears to stem from an article published on the Genesius Times, a website that describes itself as, “The most reliable source of fake news on the planet.” While the Genesius Times clearly disclaims that the articles on its website are not factual, some social media users have been sharing the claim without such a warning, passing the information off as genuine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=272178751373056&id=100057427993205,https://apnews.com/article/haiti-president-jovenel-moise-killed-b56a0f8fec0832028bdc51e8d59c6af2,https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37826098,https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37826098,https://www.communication.gouv.ht/rubrique/communiques/,https://twitter.com/search?q=%22Clinton%20Foundation%22%20(from%3Amoisejovenel)&src=typed_query,https://www.facebook.com/page/1390429167954248/search/?q=Clinton%20Foundation,https://www.google.com/search?q=Jovenel+Mo%C3%AFse+Clinton+Foundation&ei=LZDvYICdIpWp5NoPv8K38AU&oq=Jovenel+Mo%C3%AFse+Clinton+Foundation&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKsCSgQIQRgBUOkFWJYdYKYiaAFwAHgAgAFviAGaA5IBAzUuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjA5-yN9-PxAhWVFFkFHT_hDV4Q4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://twitter.com/moisejovenel/status/1044988661195051010,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/12/fact-check-haiti-first-lady-martine-moise-die/,https://genesiustimes.com/haitian-president-jovenel-moise-to-expose-clinton-foundation-fraud-tomorrow/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#01757364776e7341626964626a786e7473676062752f626e6c",Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?,,,,,, +28,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-water-cannon-protesters-south-africa/,Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?5:19 PM 07/15/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows South African protesters being hit with a water cannon. Verdict: False The video, which dates back to 2017, shows Venezuelan protesters being hit with a water cannon. Fact Check: The 18-second video shows a group of protesters, some wearing helmets and carrying shields, being blasted and scattered by a water cannon from a nearby armored vehicle. The caption reads, “A water cannon for riots in South Africa.” Rioting and looting recently broke out in parts of South Africa after former President Jacob Zuma started serving his 15-month jail sentence for contempt of court, according to The Wall Street Journal. The South African military has been deployed to quell the unrest that has left over 70 dead, according to CNN. While water cannons have, according to Eyewitness News and News24, reportedly been used on protesters in South Africa, the video was not taken during the current unrest there. The video dates back to at least 2017, with it being posted on Twitter with a caption indicating it was filmed in Venezuela. Rioters vs. Watercanons 😳Venezuelan protesters are cleaned up by a water cannon from China as artillery for the violent anti-gov riots! pic.twitter.com/3zJGP0y57B — IFL Fighting (@IFLfighting) May 16, 2017 “Rioters vs. Watercanons (sic),” reads the tweet’s caption. “Venezuelan protesters are cleaned up by a water cannon from China as artillery for the violent anti-gov riots!” The version of the video in the 2017 tweet contains a watermark for the video-sharing website LiveLeak. LiveLeak has since shut down, according to The Verge. (RELATED: Are White South Africans Banned From Receiving Government Aid During The COVID-19 Pandemic?) AFP News Agency posted a different angle of the same incident on YouTube in May 2017, with the description saying, “Clashes erupted Wednesday between riot police and opposition protesters in Caracas, as 3,000 protesters headed for the Supreme Court, whose bid on April 1 to strengthen Maduro’s grip on power by stripping authority from the legislature launched a wave of protests and deadly unrest.” if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Venezuelans had frequent demonstrations across the country in protest of President Nicolas Maduro and his government in 2017, according to The Atlantic. Over 100 people in Venezuela died in four months amid the anti-government protests, BBC News reported that year. In the video of the protesters being hit with a water cannon, at least one of them is carrying a shield decorated with the colors of the Venezuelan flag: yellow, blue and red. Images and videos from the 2017 Venezuelan protests show extremely similar interactions between protesters and authorities with water cannons. For instance, protesters carrying shields can be seen squaring off against the white armored vehicles of the Venezuelan National Guard in one video shared on YouTube by the Russian video news agency Ruptly. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/desmond.downs/videos/169735215084107/,https://www.facebook.com/desmond.downs/videos/169735215084107/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/south-africa-riots-whats-happening-11626280457,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/13/africa/south-africa-violence-protests-intl/index.html,https://ewn.co.za/2021/07/12/gallery-water-cannons-rubber-bullets-and-arrests-riots-hit-hillbrow,https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/david-makhura-admits-cops-are-overstretched-as-gautengs-death-toll-rises-to-19-20210713,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248,https://t.co/3zJGP0y57B,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/7/22424356/liveleak-shock-site-shuts-down-itemfix,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/11/fact-check-white-south-africans-banned-receiving-government-aid-coronavirus-pandemic/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oQzDeL4Fn0,https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/06/months-of-anti-government-protests-continue-in-venezuela/530031/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40769737,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Venezuela,https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/06/months-of-anti-government-protests-continue-in-venezuela/530031/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#73161e1a1f0a3317121a1f0a10121f1f16011d160400151c061d1712071a1c1d5d1c0114",Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?,,,,,, +29,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-34-quintillion-gold-seized-vatican/,Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?4:20 PM 07/15/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims $34 quintillion in gold was seized from the Vatican and will be given to people globally. Verdict: False There is no evidence that $34 quintillion in gold has been taken from the Vatican to be given to “the people.” Fact Check: “Breaking News! The $34 Quintillion in gold seized from the Vatican is being distributed to the people globally,” the Facebook post reads, citing “CBK” as its source. CBK appears to stand for “Caroline Bisset (sic) Kennedy,” according to another Facebook post shared by the user. Caroline Kennedy died alongside her husband, John F. Kennedy Jr., in a plane crash in 1999 off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard, according to the New York Times. (RELATED: Was Pope Francis Arrested On Charges Including Human Trafficking And Fraud) There is, however, no evidence that $34 quintillion in gold was seized from the Vatican and will be distributed globally. A search of press releases from the Vatican, as well as the Vatican News website turned up no reports of gold being seized. Had such a large sum of gold been seized with plans to distribute to the mass public, major media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. “The claim is false,” Fr. Roger Landry, an attaché to the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations, said in an email to Check Your Fact. “A quintillion is a billion billions and there’s not even that much gold, not to mention money, in the world.” The Vatican’s net assets in 2019 were worth roughly 4 billion euros, or about 4.7 billion U.S. dollars, not including the Vatican bank or the Vatican museums, according to Reuters. The Vatican bank had $20 million in gold reserves held at the U.S. Federal Reserve, and managed $64 billion worth of assets from its customers, NASDAQ reported in 2015. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4380189458712485,https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4305472406184191,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/12/fact-check-pope-indicted-charges-child-trafficking-fraud/,https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/ricerca.html?date=2021&q=gold,https://www.vaticannews.va/en/search.html?q=gold&in=all&sorting=latest,https://www.google.com/search?q=%2434+quintilian+gold+vatican&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS890US890&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjugIi7zOXxAhUgElkFHUgRCjcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/staff.php,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-finances/vatican-releases-financial-figures-promises-transparency-idUSKBN26M5XD,https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/how-much-money-does-vatican-have-2015-07-24",Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?,,,,,, +30,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-france-protesting-lockdown-tyranny-covid/,Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?3:30 PM 07/15/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook and Twitter purportedly shows protesters in France rejecting “lockdown tyranny.” France rejects lockdown tyranny pic.twitter.com/hnKPavsVVQ — Man of Kent (@pplatesrgrate) July 14, 2021 Verdict: False The image shows a yellow vest protest that occurred in 2018, well before the COVID-19 pandemic began. Fact Check:  In recent days, Facebook and Twitter users have been sharing a photo of people seemingly protesting in front of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, claiming it shows a demonstration against “lockdown tyranny.” One iteration on Twitter has garnered over 7,000 likes to date. Amid spread of the Delta variant in the country, France recently announced that only those who have been vaccinated or tested negative for COVID-19 will be permitted in certain venues such as restaurants, bars, malls, trains and theaters starting in August, The Wall Street Journal reported. Those announced COVID-19 restrictions prompted protests in several French cities, according to EuroNews. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact discovered the photo predates the COVID-19 pandemic. The Daily Mail published the picture, credited to photographer Olivier Coret, in a November 2018 article about yellow vest protests in France. The yellow vest protests, named after the safety jackets worn by many demonstrators, came after French President Emmanuel Macron announced a green tax on diesel fuel in late 2018, according to NPR. The photo in question can also be found on Divergence Images, where it is attributed to Coret and described as showing a “demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018,” according to a Google translation. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?) In addition to protesting the diesel fuel green tax, the yellow vest protesters also called for things such as an increase in minimum wage, NPR reported. In early December 2018, the French government scrapped the added green tax on fuel before it was supposed to go into effect, according to the Associated Press. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/100000657397425/posts/4433789199986283/?d=n,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?s=21,https://t.co/hnKPavsVVQ,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Arc+de+Triomphe/@48.8737917,2.2928388,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66fec70fb1d8f:0xd9b5676e112e643d!8m2!3d48.873848!4d2.2950681,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?s=21,https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/5-things-to-know-delta-variant-covid,https://www.wsj.com/articles/france-reimposes-restrictions-as-delta-variant-spreads-11626123063,https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/14/protests-in-france-over-bid-to-restrict-those-without-both-covid-jabs,https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html,https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6424117/Paris-riot-police-blast-water-cannon-demonstrators-protesting-Macrons-fuel-tax-rise.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/?sl=auto&tl=en&text=Manifestation%20des%20Gilets%20Jaunes%20sur%20les%20Champs-Elysees%2C%20Paris%20le%2024%20novembre%202018&op=translate,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-riots-france-paris-international-news-535bcbbc3d2741d0aff14c634f1375fd,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?,,,,,, +31,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?1:23 PM 07/15/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 1,000 times allegedly shows a massive anti-government protest in Cuba this month. Verdict: False The photo actually shows a 2013 May Day parade that is unrelated to recent Cuban anti-government protests. Fact Check: Demonstrations against Cuba’s Communist-run government started in the country July 11, with thousands of Cubans decrying price increases, the government’s COVID-19 response and food and medicine shortages, BBC News reported. Many protesters have called for Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel’s resignation, according to CNN. The picture in the July 13 Facebook post shows a huge crowd stretching down Avenida Paseo in the Cuban capital city of Havana. The caption reads, “C U B A P R O T E S T I N G C O M M U N I S M.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Jill Biden Posing With Fidel Castro?) In reality, the pictured event took place over eight years ago and wasn’t held in protest against Cuba’s Communist-run government. The picture was taken in 2013 by a photographer for the Cuban government-controlled outlet CubaDebate, which reported that it shows a May Day parade on May 1 of that year. Other photos of the same parade can be found on Getty Images. Cuba’s then-President Raul Castro attended the 2013 May Day march in Havana, with participants holding pictures of him, former President Fidel Castro, and socialist former Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Reuters reported. May Day is also known as International Workers’ Day and has long been celebrated by communists, socialists and labor movements, according to NBC Chicago. Amid the widespread protests this week, the Cuban government shut off access to social media and messaging apps in the country on July 12, with service interruptions occurring into July 14, the Miami Herald reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10226115540379600&set=a.1095088542014&type=3&theater,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57830160,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/11/americas/cuba-protests/index.html,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10226115540379600&set=a.1095088542014&type=3&theater,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jos%C3%A9+Mart%C3%AD+Memorial/@23.1255174,-82.3897591,664m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x88cd79e1bd4e654b:0x2f4cd3720557f2ad!8m2!3d23.1229226!4d-82.3864972,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/07/fact-check-jill-biden-fidel-castro-jacqueline-beer/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210214074729/http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2013/05/01/presidente-cubano-raul-castro-lidera-marcha-por-el-primero-de-mayo/,https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/cuba-may-day-parade-2013?agreements=pa%253A114372%252Ced%253A7788&family=editorial&phrase=cuba%2520may%2520day%2520parade%25202013&sort=best,https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-cuba-mayday/on-may-day-cuba-remembers-best-friend-chavez-idUKBRE9400L620130501,https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/good-question-may-day/1872684/,https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article252781053.html,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#75010710031a0735161d10161e0c1a0007131416015b161a18",Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, +32,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-south-african-protesters-free-animals-hluhluwe-game-reserve/,Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?12:23 PM 07/15/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows wild dogs and an elephant running freely after being released by protesters from the Hluhluwe Game Reserve in South Africa. Verdict: False The video, which was taken in 2017, actually shows animals running freely in Kruger National Park. The video is unrelated to the ongoing protests in South Africa. Fact Check: The 20-second video shows a police vehicle on a road with several wild dogs, when suddenly an elephant emerges from the brush, chasing some of them away. “Free Zuma protesters free wild animals from the Hluhluwe Game Reserve in Kwazulu Natal by cutting the fence,” reads the video’s caption. At least 72 people have been killed in South Africa from rioting and looting in recent days prompted by the jailing of former South African President Jacob Zuma, CNN reported. Zuma was sentenced to 15 months in prison for contempt after he failed to appear in front of a commission investigating accusations of corruption, according to The New York Times. The Facebook video does not, however, show the actions of protesters. Had South African protesters released wild animals, media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. Check Your Fact found the same footage posted on YouTube in July 2017, years before Zuma’s jailing, with the title: “Elephant Shows Wild Dogs & the Police Who’s Boss.” The video was posted by the verified YouTube channel Latest Sightings, which posts videos of “authentic wildlife videos coming from around Africa,” according to its “About” section. The footage was shot by  61-year-old Beryl Venter in South Africa’s Kruger National Park, not Hluhluwe Game Reserve, according to the video’s description. (RELATED: Are White South Africans Banned From Receiving Government Aid During The COVID-19 Pandemic?) “We were on our way home from Letaba after a five-week stay in Kruger – feeling very depressed and not expecting any ‘wow’ sightings,” Venter told Latest Sightings. “We were then suddenly very excited to see the wild dogs running around and playing in the road – twenty-one of them. We were the only vehicle at the sighting. We were taking photos as if it was the last ever sighting we would have of wild dogs running around us.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/prince.chokhotho/videos/1972566899569024,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/13/africa/south-africa-violence-protests-intl/index.html,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/07/world/africa/jacob-zuma-arrested-south-africa.html,https://www.google.com/search?q=Hluhluwe+Game+Reserve+protesters&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS820US820&ei=4krvYJmLIMmntQbY-42ICw&oq=Hluhluwe+Game+Reserve+protesters&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKABOgUIIRCrAjoCCAA6BQguEMkDOgYIABAWEB46BQgAEIYDOgcIIRAKEKABSgQIQRgAUOoDWKgSYPkSaAFwAngAgAGyAYgB8AuSAQQxLjEymAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwiZhJyDtePxAhXJU80KHdh9A7EQ4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxE43y88XYE,https://www.youtube.com/c/Latestsightings/about,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/11/fact-check-white-south-africans-banned-receiving-government-aid-coronavirus-pandemic/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxE43y88XYE,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5530383c392c1531343c392c3634393930273b302226333a203b3134213c3a3b7b3a2732",Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?,,,,,, +33,,,,Misleading,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-image-electric-car-cemetery-france/,Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?5:47 PM 07/14/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 2,800 times purportedly shows an “electric car cemetery” in France. Verdict: Misleading The image shows abandoned electric cars in China, not France. Fact Check: The viral image shows what appears to be hundreds of the same, small car abandoned in a grassy field. “Electric car cemetery in France,” reads the image’s caption. “Turns out no one wants to buy an electric car once the battery is shot.” The image was not, however, taken in France. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found similar photos featured in an April 2019 article published by Shanghaiist with the headline: “LOOK: Hundreds of electric cars rust away at ‘shared car graveyard’ in Hangzhou.” The article explained the cars belonged to Microcity, a Chinese electric car rental company. Microcity reportedly claimed the cars were still in use despite users saying they were unable to locate nearby vehicles through the app, Abacus reported in March 2019. (RELATED: Did Ocasio-Cortez Tweet About Electric Cars During Hurricane Dorian?) The same images were shared on the Chinese news website NetEase News with captions that also identify the location as Hangzhou, China. Several landmarks in these photos match with those found in the image shared on Facebook, confirming the locations are the same. Hundreds of ride-sharing companies, including Microcity, opened in China in the late 2010s, a phenomenon driven in part by popularity of the industry and the abundance of electric vehicles in China, according to Abacus. Many of these companies faced economic hardship in the following years, the outlet reported. A similar photo showing a field of cars in France previously circulated on Facebook, claiming the cars had been abandoned due to their batteries no longer working. Reuters debunked the claim, saying the abandoned car lot was due to a company’s contract ending, not faulty batteries. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10223203778815102&set=a.10208178033860869&type=3,https://shanghai.ist/2019/04/25/hundreds-of-electric-cars-rust-away-at-shared-car-graveyard-in-hangzhou/,https://shanghai.ist/2019/04/25/hundreds-of-electric-cars-rust-away-at-shared-car-graveyard-in-hangzhou/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210708143817/https://www.scmp.com/abacus/tech/article/3029238/thousands-shared-electric-cars-seen-discarded-hangzhou,https://checkyourfact.com/2019/09/06/fact-check-ocasio-cortez-tweet-electric-cars-hurricane-dorian/,https://news.163.com/photoview/00AP0001/2301292.html?from=ph_ss#p=EDJQ3DBU00AP0001NOS,https://web.archive.org/web/20210708143817/https://www.scmp.com/abacus/tech/article/3029238/thousands-shared-electric-cars-seen-discarded-hangzhou,https://www.facebook.com/michael.sirmon.14/posts/10226449247480924,https://www.facebook.com/thebeachgeek/posts/10159420045734736,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-electric-cars-france/fact-check-electric-cars-taken-off-french-roads-due-to-contract-termination-not-battery-fault-idUSL2N2N60XA,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#62070f0b0e1b2206030b0e1b01030e0e07100c071511040d170c0603160b0d0c4c0d1005",Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?,,,,,, +34,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-bobi-wine-secretly-acquire-mansion-boston/,Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?4:24 PM 07/14/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims former Ugandan presidential candidate Bobi Wine secretly purchased a mansion in Boston, Massachusetts. Verdict: False There is no evidence Wine owns a mansion in Boston. He was digitally added to the photo, which actually shows a mansion in Tampa, Florida. Fact Check: Wine, a singer-turned-politician, lost the 2021 Ugandan presidential election to long-time President Yoweri Museveni, CNN reported. Wine asserted there was widespread fraud in the election and filed a lawsuit, which he later withdrew, to over-turn Museveni’s victory, according to Al Jazeera. An image on Facebook claims to show Wine standing in front of a mansion he allegedly purchased in Boston. “Uganda’s musician turned politician Robert Kyagulanyi, popularly known as Bobi Wine has bought a luxurious Bungalow, Cottage located in 20 Ford St, Boston, MA 02128 in USA,” reads the image’s caption. The image, however, has been digitally altered. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the photo of the house without Wine in front of it, on the real estate website Zillow. The home is located in Tampa, Florida, not Boston, and was last sold in 2018, according to its listing. (RELATED: Did The BBC Air This Chyron Reporting Bobi Wine Will Be Sworn In As Uganda’s President?) A search for the address listed in the post turned up a home for sale in Boston. Photos of the house included in the listing show it does not resemble the house in the Facebook post. Check Your Fact searched Suffolk County’s registry of deeds, but found no records of Wine owning property in Boston. Wine was in the city in early July to meet his “diaspora leadership team,” according to a July 3 tweet he posted. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=979867289479058&set=a.219670622165399&type=3,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/16/africa/uganda-presidential-election-yoweri-museveni-bobi-wine-intl/index.html,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/22/ugandan-opposition-leader-wine-withdraws-poll-result-challenge,https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/4621-Bayshore-Blvd-Tampa-FL-33611/45060772_zpid/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/30/fact-check-bbc-air-chyron-reporting-bobi-wine-ugandas-president/,https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/20-Ford-St_East-Boston_MA_02128_M32320-60133,https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/20-Ford-St_East-Boston_MA_02128_M32320-60133,https://www.masslandrecords.com/Suffolk/,https://twitter.com/HEBobiwine/status/1411280065145540610,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#badfd7d3d6c3fadedbd3d6c3d9dbd6d6dfc8d4dfcdc9dcd5cfd4dedbced3d5d494d5c8dd",Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?,,,,,, +35,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-bbc-news-article-radiohead-fans-tuning-new-song/,Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?4:20 PM 07/14/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows a BBC News article about Radiohead fans being “left red-faced” after mistaking a guitar tuning session for a new song. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False There is no record of BBC News publishing this article about Radiohead fans. It appears to have originated from a Twitter account that often posts satirical content. Fact Check: The image shows what looks like a BBC News article that puts up the headline “Radiohead crowd left red-faced after applauding three minute guitar tuning, mistaking it for new song.” Radiohead is a popular British rock band known for songs such as “Creep” and “Karma Police.” The supposed article places the alleged Radiohead fan incident at a Glastonbury Festival. A search of the BBC News website didn’t turn up any articles with titles matching the one in the Facebook post. Unlike stories published online by BBC News, the alleged Radiohead article doesn’t have a byline, indicating it has been fabricated. A BBC spokesperson confirmed to Check Your Fact in an email that it is fake. In 2017, a real BBC News article described Radiohead’s performance at the Glastonbury Festival that year as “absorbing, challenging and achingly beautiful.” (RELATED: Did Kurt Cobain Predict Trump’s Presidency?) The fabricated Radiohead article first went viral back in 2017, according to NME. It appears to have originated from the Twitter account of the London-based flower delivery company Arena Flowers, which tweeted the fake article June 23, 2017. The Twitter account @ArenaFlowers has previously published seemingly satirical fake BBC News articles, including one about singer Ed Sheeran playing on every Glastonbury stage at the same time using mirrors. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1229351607493547&set=gm.570046707494670&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1229351607493547&set=gm.570046707494670&type=3&theater,https://www.britannica.com/topic/Radiohead,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFkzRNyygfk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uYWYWPc9HU,https://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/,https://www.bbc.co.uk/search?q=radiohead&page=1,https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40389552,https://checkyourfact.com/2019/04/26/fact-check-kurt-cobain-trumps-president-1993/,https://www.nme.com/news/music/fake-news-story-radiohead-fans-mistaking-guitar-tuning-new-song-goes-viral-2093973,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers/status/878357394476093440,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers,https://www.arenaflowers.com/pages/about-us/,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers/status/879067402906066944,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?,,,,,, +36,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/,Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?1:08 PM 07/14/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows anti-government protesters in Cuba on July 12. Verdict: False The image actually shows a 2011 protest in Alexandria, Egypt. Fact Check: Amid widespread anti-government protests in Cuba, social media users have been sharing a photo that shows thousands of people gathered in a street. One such July 12 Facebook post claims in the caption that the picture shows Cubans protesting “today.” However, a closer examination of the photo indicates it does not depict an anti-government demonstration that recently occurred in Cuba. Multiple protesters in the picture appear to be waving flags that resemble those of Egypt, Yemen or Syria rather than Cuba. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Cuban Farmer Before Being Executed For Refusing To Work For The Castro Regime) Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the picture in a 2012 article from TheJournal.ie that discusses the 2011 Arab Spring uprising in Egypt. The caption for the photo in TheJournal.ie article states it was taken in the Egyptian city of Alexandria in February 2011 and credits it to the Associated Press and Tarek Fawzy. What appears to be a higher resolution version of the photo can be found on AP Images. The caption for the picture on AP Images confirms it was taken in Egypt over a decade ago during an anti-government protest against former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, not during a demonstration in Cuba this month. “Thousands of Egyptian anti-government protesters march in Alexandria, Egypt, Friday, Feb. 11, 2011,” reads the caption. “Mubarak has refused to step down or leave the country, and instead handed his administrative powers to his vice president Omar Suleiman on Thursday, remaining president and ensuring control over the reform process, prompting mass protests by anti-Mubarak demonstrators.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/303371154019205/posts/549288262760825,https://wsj.com/articles/cuba-protests-whats-happening-11626112390,https://www.facebook.com/303371154019205/posts/549288262760825,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Egypt,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Yemen,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Syria,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Cuba,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/10/fact-check-cuban-farmer-executed-castro-regime/,https://www.thejournal.ie/timeline-one-year-since-egypts-arab-spring-334766-Jan2012/#slide-slideshow15,https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/arab-spring,https://www.thejournal.ie/timeline-one-year-since-egypts-arab-spring-334766-Jan2012/#slide-slideshow15,http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Mideast-Egypt/a989c47b844c4a319ab711ee47f7aa3d/62/0,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hosni-Mubarak,http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Mideast-Egypt/a989c47b844c4a319ab711ee47f7aa3d/62/0",Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, +37,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-giant-skeleton-found-thailand/,Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?10:33 AM 07/14/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Twitter purportedly shows a giant skeleton found in Thailand in 2017. The skeleton of this giant was discovered in November 2017 in a cave in Krabi, Thailand. This was just made public a few months ago. The skeleton appeared to have been battling a large horned serpent upon death. pic.twitter.com/p5u8KEYWGC — Untold Universe (@UniverseUntold) June 13, 2021 Verdict: False The image actually shows an art installation created by a Taiwanese artist. Fact Check: The tweet has garnered over 100 likes as of press time. It features a photo of a woman standing above what appears to be an archeological site in which a giant humanoid skeleton lies with a huge serpentine skeleton wrapped around it. “The skeleton of this giant was discovered in November 2017 in a cave in Krabi, Thailand,” reads the tweet. “This was just made public a few months ago. The skeleton appeared to have been battling a large horned serpent upon death.” Contrary to the tweet’s claim, the picture doesn’t show the actual remains of a giant that died battling a massive snake. Taiwan Today published a similar photo in a November 2018 article, explaining it shows Taiwanese artist Tu Wei-cheng’s “Giant Ruins” art installation for the Thailand Biennale exhibition in Krabi. The skeleton was made of plastic, and the installation received special permission to be set up in the cave, according to Taiwan Today. Another photo of Tu’s skeleton installation can be found on the Taiwanese Ministry of Culture’s website. (RELATED: Did A New York Artist Sell ‘Invisible Art’?) Many of Tu’s works resemble ancient artifacts, as seen in photos on the website of the Taiwanese Tina Keng Gallery. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://t.co/p5u8KEYWGC,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=18&post=144849,https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=18&post=144849,https://www.moc.gov.tw/en/information_315_94897.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/22/fact-check-new-york-artist-invisible-art/,https://www.tinakenggallery.com/en//artists/48-/works/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f3878196859c81b3909b9690988a9c868195929087dd909c9e",Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?,,,,,, +38,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/13/fact-check-media-sponsors-ignore-kim-rhode-pro-second-amendment/,Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?,2021-07-13,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?6:35 PM 07/13/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the media and sponsors ‘ignored’ six-time Olympian Kim Rhode because she is an outspoken supporter of the Second Amendment. Verdict: False Rhode’s accomplishments were widely covered in the media for more than a decade. She has several sponsors, according to her website. Fact Check: The image shows Kim Rhode, an American double trap and skeet shooter and six-time Olympian, holding a shotgun. “First woman to medal in six straight Olympics media and sponsors ignore her because she is outspoken pro-2A,” reads text included in the image. Rhode won Olympic medals in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016, making her the first female to win medals in six straight Olympics, according to the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee. (RELATED: Did American Runner Shelby Houlihan Test Positive For Marijuana?) Rhode is also an outspoken supporter of the Second Amendment, according to the National Rifle Association (NRA). She served on the NRA board from 2017 to 2020, according to Guns.com, and has spoken out against gun control initiatives in her home state of California on multiple occasions. News outlets and sponsors have not “ignored” Rhode for her stance on the Second Amendment. Rhode’s Olympic achievements have been thoroughly reported on over the years by major media outlets including: The New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times and the Associated Press, among others. Rhode has also made several appearances on national television, such as Today and Fox News @ Night, according to her IMDb page. Her website states she is sponsored by Winchester Ammunition, Beretta USA, the Safari Club International and Truck Vault. In an interview with Time Magazine in August 2016, Rhode did say she believes her outspokenness about gun issues has prevented her from landing mainstream sponsors. She has also said there is a certain “stigma” around her sport because of its association with guns that makes some would-be sponsors wary, The Daily Signal reported. “When you look at the gun debate and the Olympics, there definitely is that stigmatism that’s attached to our sport due to all the negative publicity that guns get,” Rhode told The Daily Signal in 2016. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Rhode did not qualify for the upcoming Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, NBC Sports reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10223851700098579,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://www.teamusa.org/News/2016/August/12/Kim-Rhode-Becomes-First-Woman-To-Medal-At-Six-Straight-Olympic-Games,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/09/fact-check-shelby-houlihan-test-positive-marijuana/,https://www.nrawlf.org/our-members/kim-rhode/,https://www.guns.com/news/2017/05/01/olympic-shooting-legend-kim-rhode-elected-to-nra-board,https://time.com/4440102/rio-2016-olympics-shooting-kim-rhode-second-amendment-guns/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVXdeg6aXFA,https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/rio-2016/2016/08/12/kim-rhode-skeet-shooting/88619694/,https://www.cbssports.com/olympics/news/rio-olympics-american-shooter-kim-rhode-makes-history-with-bronze-medal-win/,https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2019/08/23/kim-rhode/,https://web.archive.org/web/20150526171010/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/24/sports/atlanta-day-5-shooting-17-year-old-turns-clay-pigeons-to-gold.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/kim-rhode-captures-fifth-olympic-medal-in-skeet-shooting/2012/07/29/gJQAjNNpIX_story.html,https://web.archive.org/web/20210226140219/https://www.latimes.com/sports/more/la-sp-rhode-olympics-20160627-snap-story.html,https://apnews.com/article/tokyo-shooting-olympic-games-2020-tokyo-olympics-sports-4e06b0185a33bf6cdd6c872c88ee3f16,https://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2016/07/31/487770855/u-s-olympian-kim-rhode-wants-to-use-her-shot-at-history-to-dispel-stigma,https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1622760/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1,https://kimrhode.wordpress.com/sponsors/,https://winchester.com/,https://www.berettausa.com/en-us/,https://safariclub.org/,https://truckvault.com/,https://time.com/4440102/rio-2016-olympics-shooting-kim-rhode-second-amendment-guns/,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2020/03/09/kim-rhode-shooting-tokyo-olympics/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d1b4bcb8bda891b5b0b8bda8b2b0bdbdb4a3bfb4a6a2b7bea4bfb5b0a5b8bebfffbea3b6",Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?,,,,,, From 44dac27983f97eaa2cad23ac36b5dc029292a3d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Mon, 26 Jul 2021 19:44:38 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/13] #15 WIP problems processing claims + fix take into account maxclaims + add local devfile to ignore --- .gitignore | 2 + claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py | 79 ++++++++++++++++++----- output_got.csv | 41 +----------- 3 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index c10d095..ce557c1 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ EuvsdisinfoFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log PolitifactFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log TruthorfictionFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log CheckyourfactFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +AfricacheckFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log output_dev_fatabyyano.csv output_dev_vishvasnews.csv output_dev_aap.csv @@ -28,3 +29,4 @@ output_dev_snopes.csv output_dev_politifact.csv output_dev_truthorfiction.csv output_dev_checkyourfact.csv +output_dev_africacheck.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py index 961932a..0359acc 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py @@ -23,12 +23,16 @@ def get_all_claims(criteria): if 0 < criteria.maxClaims <= len(urls_): break - url = "https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/" + str(page_number) + "/" + # https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page= + #url = "https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/" + str(page_number) + "/" + url = "https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page=" + str(page_number) + try: page = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=5) soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text, "lxml") soup.prettify() links = soup.findAll("div", {"class": "article-content"}) + #block-mainpagecontent > div > div > div.view-content > div > div:nth-child(1) > div:nth-child(1) > article > div > a > div > article if (len(links) != 0) or (links != last_page): for anchor in links: anchor = anchor.find('a', href=True) @@ -142,19 +146,24 @@ def __init__(self, configuration: Configuration): super().__init__(configuration) def retrieve_listing_page_urls(self) -> List[str]: - return ["https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/1/"] + #return ["https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/1/"] + return ["https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page=0"] + def find_page_count(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup) -> int: - last_page_link = parsed_listing_page.findAll("a", {"class": "page-numbers"})[-2]['href'] - page_re = re.compile("https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/([0-9]+)/") - max_page = int(page_re.match(last_page_link).group(1)) + last_page_link = parsed_listing_page.findAll("a", {"title": "Go to last page"})[0]['href'] + max_page = int(last_page_link.replace("?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&search_api_fulltext=&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&page=","")) return max_page def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: str, number_of_pages: int) \ -> List[str]: urls = self.extract_urls(parsed_listing_page) - for page_number in tqdm(range(2, number_of_pages)): - url = "https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/" + str(page_number) + "/" + for page_number in tqdm(range(0, number_of_pages)): + # each page 9 articles: + if (((page_number*9)-9) >= self.configuration.maxClaims): + break + #url = "https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/" + str(page_number) + "/" + url = "https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page=" + str(page_number) page = caching.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=5) current_parsed_listing_page = BeautifulSoup(page, "lxml") urls += self.extract_urls(current_parsed_listing_page) @@ -162,10 +171,10 @@ def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: st def extract_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup): urls = list() - links = parsed_listing_page.findAll("div", {"class": "article-content"}) + links = parsed_listing_page.findAll("div", {"class": "node__content"}) for anchor in links: anchor = anchor.find('a', href=True) - url = str(anchor['href']) + url = "https://africacheck.org" + str(anchor['href']) max_claims = self.configuration.maxClaims if 0 < max_claims <= len(urls): break @@ -185,10 +194,12 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: claim.set_title(global_title_text) # date - date = parsed_claim_review_page.find('time') + date = parsed_claim_review_page.find("span", {"class": "published"}).next global_date_str = "" if date: - global_date_str = search_dates(date['datetime'].split(" ")[0])[0][1].strftime("%Y-%m-%d") + # global_date_str = search_dates(date['datetime'].split(" ")[0])[0][1].strftime("%Y-%m-%d") + # TODO FASTER without date()! + global_date_str = search_dates(date)[0][1].strftime("%Y-%m-%d") claim.set_date(global_date_str) # rating @@ -203,18 +214,52 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).find( 'span').get_text() + # If still no rathing value, try to extract from picture name + if (global_truth_rating == ""): + filename ="" + if parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'article > div > div > div > div > p > img' ): + for child in parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'article > div > div > div > div > p > img' ): + if (hasattr( child, 'src' )): + try: + filename=child['src'] + continue + except KeyError: + print("KeyError: Skip") + + if (filename != ""): + global_truth_rating = filename.split("_")[1].strip(".png") + claim.set_rating(str(re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9 -]+', '', global_truth_rating)).lower().strip()) # author - author = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "sharethefacts-speaker-name"}) + author = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "author-details"}) if author: claim.set_author(author.get_text()) + if parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'div.author-details > a > h4' ): + for child in parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'div.author-details > a > h4' ): + try: + claim.author = child.get_text() + continue + except KeyError: + print("KeyError: Skip") + + if parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'div.author-details > a' ): + for child in parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'div.author-details > a' ): + try: + claim.author_url = child['href'] + continue + except KeyError: + print("KeyError: Skip") + # when there is no json - date = parsed_claim_review_page.find("time", {"class": "datetime"}) - if date: - claim.set_date(date.get_text()) + # date = parsed_claim_review_page.find("time", {"class": "datetime"}) + #if date: + # claim.set_date(date.get_text()) + + if (url == "https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma"): + print("ws") tags = [] @@ -231,6 +276,10 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: inline_ratings = parsed_claim_review_page.findAll("div", {"class", "inline-rating"}) entry_section = parsed_claim_review_page.find("section", {"class", "entry-content"}) # type: Tag + #block-mainpagecontent > article > div > div.cell.medium-8.article--main > div > div.clearfix.text-formatted.field.field--name-body.field--type-text-with-summary.field--label-hidden.field__item + + #block-mainpagecontent > article > div > div.cell.medium-8.article--main > div > div + entry_section_full_text = entry_section.text # There are several claims checked within the page. Common date, author, tags ,etc. diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index 0591060..e16c76d 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,40 +1 @@ -,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,Misleading,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-mayim-bialik-refuses-vaccinate/,Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’5:34 PM 07/23/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims actress and neuroscientist Mayim Bialik “refuses to vaccinate.” Verdict: Misleading While Bialik has said that she hasn’t been vaccinated in 30 years, she has stated that she received the COVID-19 vaccine and that her children are vaccinated. Her publicist said she and her children are “fully vaccinated” against COVID-19. Fact Check: The meme features a picture of “The Big Bang Theory” actress Bialik, who received a doctorate in neuroscience from UCLA. It alleges she “refuses to vaccinate” and contains the hashtag “SmartParentsDon’tVax.” (RELATED: Image Claims To Show A CDC Infographic Saying ‘Refusing To Take The Vaccine Is A Form Of Racism’) Bialik, who has faced criticism for prior comments she has made about vaccines, has said she and her children are vaccinated, however. In an October 2020 YouTube video, Bialik stated that she would be getting both the COVID-19 and flu vaccine this year and that her two children would also be getting flu vaccines. “This year I’m going to do something I literally haven’t done in 30 years. I’m going to get a vaccine. And guess what? I’m actually going to get two,” Bialik said in the video. “Number one vaccine that I’m going to get is the COVID vaccine. I can’t wait for it, bring it on. Number two vaccine, I’m going to get a flu vaccine.” She also stated in the video, “My 12- and 15-year old children have never received a flu vaccine. This year, roll up them shirt sleeves, boys, vaccines for everyone.” At one point in the video, she says that she believes the perception that she is anti-vaccination stems from a book she wrote about her experience parenting, noting, “At the time my children had not received the typical schedule of vaccines, but I have never, not once, said that vaccines are not valuable, not useful or not necessary, because they are.” “As of today, my children may not have had every one of the vaccinations that your children have, but my children are vaccinated. I repeat: my children are vaccinated,” she said in the October 2020 YouTube video. In a February 2015 tweet, she also said her kids are vaccinated. Bialik expressed support for COVID-19 vaccines in a January 2021 interview with Yahoo! Life and in a May 2021 interview with Cheddar News. In both interviews, she said her children were vaccinated and, in the Cheddar News interview, confirmed she received the COVID-19 vaccine. “It’s not ‘I’m pro every single vaccine that anyone talks about all the time everywhere, every single minute,'” she said, according to Yahoo! Life. “I have a lot of questions about the vaccine industry, as do a lot of people. I have a lot of questions about the profits involved. [But] when it comes to this virus, the insidiousness of this virus, the way this virus works, the way that it adapts, we absolutely need to see this as distinctly different from the flu. It’s different than the common cold. This is something we need absolute protection from.” if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Heather Besignano, Bialik’s publicist, told Check Your Fact that “Mayim and her children are all fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/StayingAliveisNotEnough/photos/a.430627040320230/4188723184510578/?type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/StayingAliveisNotEnough/photos/a.430627040320230/4188723184510578/?type=3&theater,https://news.psu.edu/story/650373/2021/03/09/academics/neuroscientist-and-actor-mayim-bialik-speak-penn-state-harrisburg,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/27/fact-check-cdc-refusing-vaccine-racism/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY&feature=youtu.be,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY&feature=youtu.be,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Beyond-the-Sling/Mayim-Bialik/9781451662184,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov_Jw02uHGY,https://twitter.com/missmayim/status/565346126430478336,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mayim-bialik-covid-vaccine-anxiety-single-parenting-005615132.html,https://cheddar.com/media/mayim-bialik-talks-call-me-kat-and-a-year-of-covid-19,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mayim-bialik-covid-vaccine-anxiety-single-parenting-005615132.html,https://www.icon-publicity.com/team/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Viral Image Claims Mayim Bialik ‘Refuses To Vaccinate’,,,,,, -1,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-video-french-police-setting-down-helmets-protesters-july-2021/,Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?3:56 PM 07/23/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook purportedly shows police officers in France putting their helmets down in the street in solidarity with protesters during July 2021 demonstrations against COVID-19 restrictions. Verdict: False The footage actually shows French police showing support for health care workers protesting in June 2020. Fact Check: Protests broke out in multiple French cities after French President Emmanuel Macron announced new COVID-19-related rules on July 12, Reuters reported. The rules include mandating health care workers be vaccinated by September 15, and requiring health passes showing proof of vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test in order to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, as well as board trains and planes, according to the outlet. A video shared on Facebook on July 17 purportedly shows a scene from the recent protests in which law enforcement personnel placed their helmets on the ground as civilians gathered around them and applauded. “Police in France with the people of France take off their helmets,” the video’s caption reads. “This happened during this weeks protests ! Let’s goooo France.” (RELATED: Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?) The video, however, predates the recent demonstrations against COVID-19 restrictions in France. Through a reverse image search of key frames, Check Your Fact found similar footage published on YouTube by French magazine L’Obs in June 2020, with the title: “Police officers and caregivers applaud during the demonstration in Nîmes.” The video showed police in Nimes, France, on June 16, 2020, acknowledging health care workers who were protesting in support of a public hospital there, according to a translation of the video’s description. Tens of thousands of French medical workers demonstrated on June 16, 2020, advocating for the country’s government to raise health service wages, pause service cuts and stop hospitals from closing amid the pandemic, France 24 reported. The government signed an agreement with unions on July 13, 2020 enacting roughly $9 billion in wage increases for health care personnel, according to BBC News. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/cynara.issa/posts/10159363056387180,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-police-quell-protest-against-covid-health-passport-rules-2021-07-14/,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-make-covid-19-shot-mandatory-health-workers-bfm-tv-2021-07-12/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-image-electric-car-cemetery-france/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlvS7Fnyb0,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLlvS7Fnyb0,https://www.france24.com/en/20200616-enough-applause-french-health-workers-rally-anew-for-post-coronavirus-reforms,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53398208,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#15616770637a6755767d70767e6c7a6067737476613b767a78",Does This Video Show French Police Setting Down Their Helmets In Support Of Protesters In July 2021?,,,,,, -2,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/23/fact-check-canada-prohibit-pilots-covid-vaccine-flying/,Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?,2021-07-23,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?2:21 PM 07/23/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims Canada prohibits all pilots who received COVID-19 vaccines from flying. Verdict: False The Canadian government allows pilots who have received Health Canada-approved COVID-19 vaccines to fly. Fact Check: The image shows the headline of a July 11 post from the website Alt News that reads, “Canada Prohibits All Vaxxed Pilots From Flying. The Corona Vax Is A ‘Medical Trial’ And Such ‘Vaccinations’ Are Ruled To Ground All Pilots.” (RELATED: Viral Post Claims Fox News Isn’t Available In Canada) Below the headline, there is a screen grab of the Canadian government’s website from the Transport Canada section titled “COVID-19 vaccines and Aviation Medical Certificate holders.” A highlighted line in the screen grab states that “participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification.” While the post attempts to allege that all Canadian pilots who received COVID-19 vaccines are prohibited from flying because the vaccines are supposedly considered a “medical trial,” that is not the case. The Canadian government’s website explicitly states that COVID-19 vaccines approved by Health Canada “are considered compatible with Transport Canada aviation Medical Certification.” That means pilots who received them are allowed to fly. Health Canada has approved the COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca. The Canadian government’s website states, “Only vaccines that are proven to be safe, effective and of high quality are authorized for use in Canada. The COVID-19 vaccines have been rigorously tested during their development and then carefully reviewed by Health Canada.” Sau Sau Liu, a spokesperson for Transport Canada, confirmed in an email to Check Your Fact that the post’s claim is inaccurate, saying, “Transport Canada does not prohibit pilots vaccinated with Health Canada-approved vaccines to fly nor do we impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada.” The Transport Canada section of the Canadian government’s website also states, “Transport Canada (TC) Civil Aviation Medicine (CAM), does not impose grounding periods for aviators who wish to take vaccines approved by Health Canada.” “All COVID-19 vaccines currently available in Canada have gone through clinical trials and been tested on tens of thousands of adult volunteers before being authorized for use,” Liu also said. “They were deemed to be safe and effective and have been licensed and authorized by Health Canada. They are not medical trials.” The notice about it being the “general position of TC CAM that participation in medical trials is not considered compatible with aviation medical certification” on the webpage was included earlier in the pandemic “when aviators started asking if they could take part in the vaccine trials that Health Canada was undertaking prior to the approval of the vaccines for general distribution,” according to Liu. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Liu told Check Your Fact that because Health Canada has approved the COVID-19 vaccines for use and the notice about medical trials “is less relevant,” Transport Canada has since removed it from the webpage. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/04/fact-check-fox-news-unavailable-canada/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210204183406if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://www.facebook.com/maureen.weeres/posts/10159844933439101,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines.html,https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/vaccines/safety-side-effects.html,https://ca.linkedin.com/in/sau-sau-liu-40bb8450,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://web.archive.org/web/20210204183406if_/https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/medical-fitness-aviation/covid-19-vaccines-aviation-medical-certificate-holders,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5c39313530251c383d3530253f3d3030392e32392b2f3a332932383d2835333272332e3b",Does Canada Prohibit Pilots Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines From Flying?,,,,,, -3,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-emmanuel-macron-unvaccinated-people-stay-home/,Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?4:46 PM 07/22/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims French President Emmanuel Macron said, “This time you stay at home, not us” in reference to people who refuse to be vaccinated. Verdict: False There is no record of Macron making this statement. Fact Check: The French government recently announced that it would mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for all health care workers, according to Reuters. The government also set forth requirements that people would need passes documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from the illness in order to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, the outlet reported. Now, an image on Facebook shows what appears to be a screen grab of a tweet seemingly quoting the French president. “I no longer have any intention of sacrificing my life, my time, my freedom and the adolescence of my daughters, as well as their right to study properly, for those who refuse to be vaccinated,” Macron purportedly said. “This time you stay at home, not us.” There is, however, no record of Macron saying the quote attributed to him in the Facebook post. Check Your Fact reviewed a speech Macron gave on July 12, but found no mention of him saying people who refuse to be vaccinated should stay home. The supposed quote was not found on the Élysée Palace website either. A search of Macron’s verified social media accounts likewise turned up no instances of the alleged quote. Furthermore, the French president has three adult stepchildren and no biological children of his own, The Sun reported in 2020. (RELATED: Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?) The misattribution may stem from confusion surrounding an Instagram post from Italian journalist Selvaggia Lucarelli. Lucarelli posted a picture of Macron and included a similar quote to the one erroneously attributed to Macron as the caption. The quote is not attributed to Macron in the post. “I’m for the French line right now. I no longer have any intention whatsoever of sacrificing my life, my time, and my son’s adolescence, in addition to his right to study properly, for those who refuse to get vaccinated,” a translation of Lucarelli’s Instagram caption reads. “This time you stay home, not us.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10225518847582566&set=a.1233810169881&type=3,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-broadens-use-covid-19-health-pass-slashes-fines-2021-07-19/,https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2021/07/12/adresse-aux-francais-12-juillet-2021,https://www.elysee.fr/recherche?prod_all%5Bquery%5D=reste%20%C3%A0%20la%20maison,https://twitter.com/search?q=rester%20%C3%A0%20la%20maison%20(from%3AEmmanuelMacron)&src=typed_query,https://www.instagram.com/emmanuelmacron/,https://www.facebook.com/EmmanuelMacron/,https://www.the-sun.com/news/1000817/brigitte-trogneux-emmanuel-macron-wife-french-president/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-protest-france-covid-measures/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRRAjrGFlHG/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRRAjrGFlHG/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Emmanuel Macron Say Unvaccinated People Need To Stay Home?,,,,,, -4,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-raul-castro-flee-venezuela/,Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?4:24 PM 07/22/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims to show former Cuban President Raul Castro disembarking from a plane after fleeing from Cuba to Venezuela. Verdict: False There is no evidence that Castro has fled Cuba. The image featured in the post was taken in 2015 and shows Castro landing in Costa Rica to attend a summit. Fact Check: Thousands of Cubans angered by food and medicine shortages participated in anti-government protests on July 11, with many calling for freedom and for Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel to resign, CNN reported. Now, an image on Facebook shows Castro exiting a plane and claims he fled to Venezuela during the protests. “BREAKING – Cuba: Former President Raúl Castro flees to Venezuela,” reads the image’s caption. “He arrived in Caracas around 11:37 pm, Sunday, July 11, 2021 as massive anti-government protests erupted in the socialist regime.” There is no evidence, however, that Castro fled to Venezuela on July 11. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the photo in a January 2015 article published by La Nación, explaining it shows him arriving in Costa Rica to attend that year’s Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) summit. “Raúl Castro arrived at the Juan Santamaría airport to attend the Celac Summit that starts tomorrow in the country,” reads a translation of the image’s caption on La Nación. “He is the first president to arrive on Costa Rican soil and was received by Vice President Ana Helena Chacón.” The photo was also included in articles published by Cuba Debate and teleSUR. Both outlets also reported the image showed Castro arriving in Costa Rica for the CELAC summit. (RELATED: Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?) Had Castro actually fled Cuba during the July 11 protests, media outlets likely would have reported on it, yet none have.”Raúl Castro is very well and in Cuba,” said Noraimis Ramos Ruiz, a spokesperson for the Cuban government, in an email to Check Your Fact. Castro appeared at a pro-government rally in Havana, Cuba on July 17, according to the Associated Press. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/grissel.c.ramos/posts/6370004673013486,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/11/americas/cuba-protests/index.html,https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/raul-castro-madruga-para-asistir-a-cumbre-de-celac-en-costa-rica/5U5ZGOHFVZFKJFTHIAAHIB2AQA/story/,http://celacinternational.org/,https://www.nacion.com/el-pais/raul-castro-madruga-para-asistir-a-cumbre-de-celac-en-costa-rica/5U5ZGOHFVZFKJFTHIAAHIB2AQA/story/,http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2015/01/27/presidente-cubano-raul-castro-llego-a-costa-rica-para-iii-cumbre-de-la-celac/,https://www.telesurtv.net/news/Raul-Castro-arriba-a-Costa-Rica-para-participar-en-Cumbre-Celac-20150127-0027.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-protest-cuba-argentina-soccer/,https://www.google.com/search?q=raul+castro+fled+to+venezuela&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS820US820&ei=MGL4YN7NKtCMtAaxxprwBg&oq=raul+castro+fled+to+venezuela&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyAggASgQIQRgBUJISWI8cYPseaAFwAHgAgAFxiAH-ApIBAzMuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjepY7C4PTxAhVQBs0KHTGjBm4Q4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-health-cuba-caribbean-9ed6c6dd50ddb764a482099e44cdc25c,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#17727a7e7b6e5773767e7b6e74767b7b726579726064717862797376637e787939786570",Did Raul Castro Flee To Venezuela?,,,,,, -5,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/22/fact-check-susan-rice-convicted-treason/,Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?,2021-07-22,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?3:04 PM 07/22/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Susan Rice, the director of the White House Domestic Policy Council, has been convicted of treason. Verdict: False There is no evidence Rice has been convicted of treason or sentenced to death. The claim stems from a website that says it publishes “humor, parody, and satire.” Fact Check: The lengthy post claims the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General’s Corps on July 8 convicted Rice of “high treason” for “her participation in a 2017 scheme to defame” former President Donald Trump in connection to alleged “Russian collusion.” Rice, who served as former President Barack Obama’s national security adviser from 2013 to 2017, faced scrutiny for her role in “unmasking” some Trump transition officials in intelligence reports on communications with foreigners under surveillance, according to CNBC. In the post, it also alleges Navy Vice Admiral John Hannink was involved in her trial. At the end of the trial, a “three-officer panel unanimously agreed Rice be put to death for her crimes against America,” the post claims. There is, however, no evidence Rice was convicted of treason or sentenced to death. A search of press releases put out by the Department of Justice and the Department of Defense didn’t turn up any announcements to that effect. National media outlets haven’t reported on Rice getting convicted of treason. She has also been active on Twitter since July 8, the date she was supposedly sentenced to death, further adding to the post’s dubiousness. “No truth to this claim,” a Department of Defense spokesperson said in an email to Check Your Fact. (RELATED: No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal) The text in the Facebook post matches that in a July 20 article published by Real Raw News, a website that states on its “About Us” page that it “contains humor, parody, and satire.” While Real Raw News includes that disclaimer, the Facebook post does not, resulting in some users seemingly believing the story is real. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://ballotpedia.org/Susan_Rice,https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/04/the-susan-rice-controversy-the-latest-twist-in-the-trump-wiretapping-saga-explained.html,https://www.navy.mil/Leadership/Biographies/BioDisplay/Article/2236279/vice-admiral-john-hannink/,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=117576263925817&id=100070203318567,https://search.justice.gov/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&affiliate=justice&sort_by=&query=Susan+Rice,https://search.usa.gov/search/news?utf8=%E2%9C%93&affiliate=defensegov&channel=10132&sort_by=r&query=Susan+Rice&commit=Search,https://twitter.com/AmbRice46,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-rumsfeld-not-commit-suicide-military-tribunal/,https://realrawnews.com/2021/07/military-convicts-susan-rice-of-treason/,https://realrawnews.com/about-us/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#26434b4f4a5f6642474f4a5f45474a4a435448435155404953484247524f494808495441",Has Susan Rice Been Convicted Of Treason?,,,,,, -6,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-trump-statement-tom-brady-shady/,Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?6:25 PM 07/21/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows a statement put out by former President Donald Trump calling Tom Brady “shady” after the NFL quarterback made a joke about people denying the 2020 presidential election results. Verdict: False There is no evidence Trump released the statement. The fabricated press release appears to originate from a Twitter user as a joke. Fact Check: The Tampa Bay Buccaneers won Super Bowl LV in February, marking Brady’s seventh Super Bowl win, according to CBS Sports. Brady and his teammates on July 20 visited the White House, where the quarterback cracked a joke about people not believing the Buccaneers won the Super Bowl, footage from The Hill shows. “Not a lot of people think that we could have won and, in fact, I think about 40 percent of people still don’t think we won,” Brady said, referencing people who deny President Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election. Shortly after Brady made the joke, social media users started sharing a screen grab of what looks like a statement from Trump. In the alleged press release, the former president appears to respond to Brady’s joke, calling the quarterback “shady.” “Tom ‘Shady’ needs to do his research and realize how Rigged (and Rigged it was) the last election was,” the purported Trump statement reads. “Maybe he was too busy Deflating balls (weak grip?) to follow what is happening all around our Great Country (including Maricopa County, Georgia and Pennsylvania). When I’m back in the White House we’ll see who he jokes with (the answer is Me, your favorite ‘President’, if I even invite him). So much Voter Fraud!” There is, however, no record of Trump putting out the statement pictured in the Facebook post. A search of Trump’s website, as well as his 45office.com website, didn’t turn up any statements calling Brady “shady.” (RELATED: Did Tom Brady Say, ‘If Anybody On This Team Kneels, I Walk’?) Brady’s joke at the White House was widely covered by national news outlets. If Trump had put out the statement in response, it would have been picked up by the media, yet no major news outlets have reported on it. Multiple Twitter users also shared the fake statement on Twitter. The fabricated press release appears to have been originally posted by the Twitter user @skolanach, whose handle is visible in the upper-left corner. The Twitter user later clarified it was a joke. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } I made it. Parody. — ElElegante101 (@skolanach) July 20, 2021 “I made it,” the Twitter user wrote. “Parody.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/2021-super-bowl-score-tom-brady-wins-seventh-ring-as-buccaneers-dominate-chiefs-and-patrick-mahomes/live/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziaDENNwPSc,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziaDENNwPSc,https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.facebook.com/richard.taylor.1029/posts/10158642904304285,https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news,https://www.45office.com/news,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/07/29/fact-check-tom-brady-team-kneels-walk/,https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2021/07/20/tom-brady-biden-election-joke-white-house-visit-vpx.cnn,https://www.foxnews.com/sports/tom-brady-trump-jokes-biden-bucs-white-house-visit,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/politics/tom-brady-bucs-white-house.html,https://sports.yahoo.com/tom-brady-jokes-about-election-denialism-to-president-joe-biden-as-bucs-visit-white-house-162442956.html,https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/buccaneers/2021/07/20/tom-brady-election-joke-tampa-bay-white-house/8026885002/,https://www.google.com/search?q=donald+trump+tom+brady+shady&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi20PyfjPXxAhUbGVkFHUjRCDQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1301&bih=744,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720201337/https://twitter.com/scottfeinberg/status/1417578399430758409,https://twitter.com/dplaz19761/status/1417616664347258887,https://twitter.com/moore_oliver/status/1417660174425264133,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417524223715602433/photo/1,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/skolanach/status/1417611889069084674,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Donald Trump Release A Statement Calling Tom Brady ‘Shady’?,,,,,, -7,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-donald-rumsfeld-not-commit-suicide-military-tribunal/,"No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal",2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal4:52 PM 07/21/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims late Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld committed suicide during a military tribunal. Verdict: False Rumsfeld’s cause of death was multiple myeloma. The claim appears to stem from a website that says it publishes “humor, parody, and satire.” Fact Check: Rumsfeld, the Defense secretary to former Presidents Gerald Ford and George W. Bush, died on June 29 at 88 years old, according to CNBC. Now, some social media users are sharing a post claiming Rumsfeld actually died by suicide during a military tribunal. Rumsfeld did not, however, commit suicide, and was never on trial before a military tribunal. No mention of such a trial or any charges against him can be found in press releases published by the Justice Department or the Defense Department. Current Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin tweeted on June 30 that he was “saddened to hear” about Rumsfeld’s death, stating, “I extend my deep condolences to his family and loved ones.” Had Rumsfeld committed suicide at a military tribunal, media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have done so. Keith Urbahn, Rumsfeld’s spokesperson, said multiple myeloma caused his death, USA Today reported. (RELATED: Viral Image Claims To Show Article About Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin Considering ‘Defunding, Maybe Disbanding’ The US Army) The claim appears to stem from a July 18 article published by Real Raw News bearing the headline: “Rumsfeld Committed Suicide at Military Tribunal; Did Not Die of Natural Causes.” The article goes on to claim Rumsfeld was arrested on May 27, and that he killed himself after the military tribunal found him responsible for the deaths of American soldiers during the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars. Real Raw News includes a disclaimer on it’s “About Us” page that states, “This website contains humor, parody, and satire.” Despite the disclaimer, social media users have shared the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing it to be true. This is not the first time a claim stemming from a Real Raw News article has been shared as misinformation. In June, Check Your Fact debunked the baseless claim that former FBI Director James Comey was sentenced to death by guillotine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/suzanne.m.kelly1/posts/10223920952805678,https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/30/former-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-dead-at-88.html,https://www.justice.gov/news?keys=Donald+Rumsfeld&items_per_page=25,https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/releases/Search/Rumsfeld/,https://twitter.com/secdef/status/1410380667163185152,https://www.google.com/search?q=Donald+Rumsfeld+suicide+military+tribunal&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim44vJ8PTxAhW8FVkFHbRMCAgQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1920&bih=897,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/06/30/donald-rumsfeld-dies-ex-pentagon-chief-iraq-afghanistan-wars/7810730002/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/26/fact-check-article-defense-secretary-lloyd-austin-defunding-disbanding-army/,https://realrawnews.com/2021/07/rumsfeld-committed-suicide-at-military-tribunal-did-not-die-of-natural-causes/,https://realrawnews.com/about-us/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/18/fact-check-james-comey-sentenced-death-guillotine/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#790d0b1c0f160b391a111c1a1200160c0b1f181a0d571a1614","No, Donald Rumsfeld Did Not Commit Suicide At A Military Tribunal",,,,,, -8,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-ron-desantis-holding-anti-mask-shirt/,Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?3:27 PM 07/21/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows Republican Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis holding up an orange “Your mask is as useless as Joe Biden” t-shirt. Verdict: False The image has been digitally altered. In the original photo, the shirt said, “I went to Popeyes for the new chicken sandwich and all I got was this lousy t-shirt.” Fact Check: The image of DeSantis smiling while appearing to hold up the “Your mask is as useless as Joe Biden” t-shirt has circulated on social media in recent days. However, the photo is doctored. (RELATED: Did Ron DeSantis Not Give A Press Conference About The Surfside Condo Collapse Before June 29?) DeSantis posted the original picture on his verified Twitter account back in September 2019. In the unaltered picture, the orange shirt sports the words: “I went to Popeyes for the new chicken sandwich and all I got was this lousy t-shirt.” Great to visit the HQ for @PopeyesChicken and @BurgerKing in Miami. I’ve been looking for the elusive chicken sandwich, but the stores are still out. Maybe it’s time to issue an executive order requiring all Popeyes in Florida to re-stock them ASAP?? pic.twitter.com/SagYhmAxcj — Ron DeSantis (@GovRonDeSantis) September 27, 2019 “Great to visit the HQ for @PopeyesChicken and @BurgerKing in Miami,” DeSantis wrote in the tweet. “I’ve been looking for the elusive chicken sandwich, but the stores are still out. Maybe it’s time to issue an executive order requiring all Popeyes in Florida to re-stock them ASAP??” A schedule available on the Florida governor’s website shows DeSantis visited the Miami office of Restaurant Brands International, the parent company of Popeyes, on Sept. 27, 2019. The News Service of Florida also reported on his visit at the time. The novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 first emerged in late 2019, according to The New York Times. DeSantis did not, according to the Washington Post, issue a statewide mask mandate last year, though he did institute a lockdown in April 2020. In May, he signed an executive order suspending local COVID-19 rules for individuals and businesses, according to the Tampa Bay Times. Friends of Ron DeSantis, the governor’s political committee, recently started selling merchandise such as “Don’t Fauci My Florida” t-shirts and “How the hell am I going to be able to drink a beer with a mask on?” beer koozies, according to the Tallahassee Democrat. None of the merchandise for sale matches the t-shirt in the photoshopped image. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently recommends for individuals ages 2 and older who are not fully vaccinated to wear masks in public indoor spaces to help protect against COVID-19. Fully vaccinated individuals “can resume activities without wearing a mask or physically distancing, except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules, and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance,” according to the CDC website. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10158662044432756&set=a.10152960751952756&type=3,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10158662044432756&set=a.10152960751952756&type=3,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/06/fact-check-ron-desantis-press-conference-surfside-condo-collapse/,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/popeyeschicken?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/BurgerKing?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://t.co/SagYhmAxcj,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/GovRonDeSantis/status/1177677167251148801?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/9.27.19.png,https://www.mypanhandle.com/news/gov-ron-desantis-wants-to-taste-test-popeyes-and-chick-fil-a-chicken-sandwiches/,https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/13/desantis-fauci-florida/,https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/01/825383186/florida-governor-orders-statewide-lockdown,https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2021/05/04/what-we-know-about-desantis-executive-order-suspending-local-covid-19-restrictions/,https://twitter.com/teamrondesantis/status/1414676440533159937,https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2021/07/15/ron-desantis-releases-merchandise-against-masks-and-anthony-fauci-florida-coronavirus/7976313002/,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated.html",Did Ron DeSantis Pose For A Photo Holding Up This Anti-Mask Shirt?,,,,,, -9,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/21/fact-check-bill-gates-grandson-co-founder-rockefeller-foundation-frederick-taylor-gates/,Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?,2021-07-21,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?2:02 PM 07/21/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates is the grandson of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller’s advisor Frederick Taylor Gates. Verdict: False Bill Gates is not Frederick Taylor Gates’ grandson. Fact Check: The image shows what appears to be a screen grab of Frederick Taylor Gates’ Wikipedia entry displayed on Google. Green text added to the screen grab claims he is Bill Gates’ grandfather. Frederick Taylor Gates managed Rockefeller’s charitable activities and was instrumental in the founding of the philanthropic Rockefeller Foundation, serving on its board of trustees until 1923, according to The Rockefeller Archive Center. (RELATED: Have Bill Gates, Anthony Fauci, The WHO And Others Been Charged With War Crimes?) Despite sharing a surname with Frederick Taylor Gates, Bill Gates is not his grandson. Bill Gates’ father and mother were Bill Gates Sr. and Mary Maxwell, who died in 2020 and 1994 respectively, according to NBC News. Bill Gates Sr., also known as William H. Gates II, was born in 1925 to furniture store owners in Washington state, ABC News reported. Frederick Taylor Gates died in 1929, while his wife Emma Cahoon Gates lived until 1934, The New York Times reported. They had seven children, according to his autobiography “Chapters in My Life,” none of whom were named William or Mary. An internet search by Check Your Fact found no credible media report of Frederick Taylor Gates being Bill Gates’ grandfather. Bill Gates hasn’t mentioned Frederick Taylor Gates in any entry of his personal blog either. The Rockefeller Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation collaborated in 2006 to create the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), an initiative to lessen poverty in the continent through agricultural investment, according to The Rockefeller Foundation’s website. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/miguel.cuervo.5249/posts/188296246565526,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-T-Gates,https://rockfound.rockarch.org/biographical/-/asset_publisher/6ygcKECNI1nb/content/frederick-t-gates?,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/13/fact-check-image-bill-gates-anthony-fauci-violating-social-distancing-guidelines-coronavirus/,https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/bill-gates-sr-father-microsoft-co-founder-dies-94-n1240189,https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/bill-gates-sr-father-microsoft-founder-dies-94-73033685,https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/02/07/95877097.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0,https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1934/04/07/93757961.pdf,https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35101532/frederick-taylor-gates,https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chapters_in_My_Life/1Yu5AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0,https://www.google.com/search?q=frederick+taylor+gates+Bill+Gates+grandfather&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr2MuDw_TxAhXAFFkFHYujBjoQ_AUoAHoECAcQAg&biw=1440&bih=717&dpr=2,https://www.gatesnotes.com/Search?search=%22Frederick%20Taylor%20Gates%22,https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/initiative/alliance-for-a-green-revolution-in-africa/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d3a7a1b6a5bca193b0bbb6b0b8aabca6a1b5b2b0a7fdb0bcbe",Is Bill Gates The Grandson Of Rockefeller Foundation Co-Founder Frederick Taylor Gates?,,,,,, -10,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-joe-biden-olivia-rodrigo-shoulders/,Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?6:33 PM 07/20/2021Mecca Fowler | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 2,000 times purportedly shows President Joe Biden touching singer Olivia Rodrigo’s shoulders. Verdict: False Biden has been photoshopped into the photo. Fact Check: The “Drivers License” singer visited the White House last week as part of the Biden administration’s effort to encourage more young people to get COVID-19 vaccinations, according to the Associated Press. Following her White House visit, some social media users started sharing an altered image appearing to show Biden touching her shoulders. In the original picture taken by photographer Oliver Contreras for Bloomberg in the White House briefing room, only Rodrigo and White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki can be seen. Biden did not attend the July 14 briefing in which Rodrigo participated, a review of the transcript and footage from the briefing shows. (RELATED: Viral Image Makes False Claim About Joe And Jill Biden’s Relationship) Biden has been digitally edited into the photo of Rodrigo and Psaki in the briefing room. The picture of Biden comes from the 2015 swearing-in ceremony for former Defense Secretary Ash Carter, when the then-vice president put his hands on the shoulders of Ash Carter’s wife Stephanie and spoke to her. Some people pointed to the picture of Biden and Stephanie Carter during the 2020 presidential election cycle to criticize him for his interactions with women. Stephanie Carter said in a 2019 Medium post that the picture had been “misleadingly” taken out-of-context and that Biden touched her shoulders “as a means of offering his support.” Rodrigo and Biden did share actual photos of them together during her White House visit to their respective Instagram accounts. share on facebook tweet this show commentsMecca FowlerContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmDBbnmKpqQ,https://apnews.com/article/olivia-rodrigo-visits-white-house-vaccines-07aeaeb169aa7daed999dd48d57e06a0,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=4418281911550182&set=a.600404043338007&type=3&theater,https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/jen-psaki-white-house-press-secretary-right-introduces-pop-news-photo/1233977853?adppopup=true,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/07/14/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-jen-psaki-july-14-2021/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ek6Y3jzOLP4,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/28/fact-check-joe-jill-biden-babysitter-wife-hospitalized/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3gGncZMCKQ,https://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Obama-Defense-Secretary-/d6517cafb1ce43a18fd9fb9abd5202e9/2/0,https://www.vox.com/2019/4/2/18290345/joe-biden-lucy-flores-amy-lappos,https://medium.com/@scarterdc/the-metoo-story-that-wasnt-me-6c1d5eb1e94d,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU-J7yr2jT/?utm_medium=copy_link,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRU9pq4rEKj/",Does This Image Show Joe Biden Touching Olivia Rodrigo’s Shoulders?,,,,,, -11,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-joe-biden-americans-dont-receive-vaccine-quarantine-camps/,Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?5:18 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims President Joe Biden announced that Americans not vaccinated against COVID-19 before 2022 will be put in “quarantine camps.” Verdict: False There is no record of Biden making such an announcement. The claim appears to stem from a satirical article. Fact Check: The Facebook photo shows what appears to be a screen grab of a June 21 article including an image of Biden and bearing the headline: “Announces Americans Not Vaccinated Before 2022 Will Be Put In Camps.” Text in the screen grab goes on to say that unvaccinated Americans will be detained in “quarantine camps” until they are vaccinated. There is no record, however, of Biden making such an announcement. A search of the White House’s website turned up no mention of imprisoning unvaccinated Americans. Check Your Fact also searched Biden’s verified social media accounts, but found no instances of him announcing such a plan. While the Biden administration has been actively working to get more Americans vaccinated against COVID-19, according to The New York Times, Check Your Fact found no news reporting about the president announcing any plan to imprison those who refuse to be vaccinated. (RELATED: Did Joe Biden Announce Looting Would Be Renamed ‘Justice Shopping’?) The screen grabbed article in the Facebook post appears to have been published by Value Walk, a website that “provides unique coverage on hedge funds, large asset managers, and value investing,” according to its “About” section. A clear disclaimer at the bottom of the article says, “This is a satirical article.” Value Walk also included a notice that the article was first posted by The Stonk Market, a financial satire website. While both Value Walk and The Stonk Market include disclaimers about the satirical nature of the story, social media users have been sharing the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing the erroneous claim to be true. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/byron.xermes/posts/3573218892781411,https://www.whitehouse.gov/?s=camps+2022,https://twitter.com/search?q=2022%20(from%3AJoeBiden%20OR%20from%3APOTUS)&src=typed_query,https://www.facebook.com/page/7860876103/search/?q=2022,https://www.instagram.com/joebiden/,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/06/us/politics/biden-vaccines.html,https://www.google.com/search?q=Biden+plan+to+send+unvaccinated+to+camps+in+2022&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPn9m0wvLxAhV1F1kFHWgcA9sQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/05/28/fact-check-joe-biden-looting-justice-shopping-fox-news/,https://www.valuewalk.com/president-joe-biden-announces-americans-not-vaccinated-before-2022-will-be-put-in-camps/,https://www.valuewalk.com/investorshub/,https://thestonkmarket.com/president-joe-biden-announces-americans-not-vaccinated-before-2022-will-be-put-in-camps/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#86e3ebefeaffc6e2e7efeaffe5e7eaeae3f4e8e3f1f5e0e9f3e8e2e7f2efe9e8a8e9f4e1",Did Joe Biden Say Americans Who Don’t Receive The COVID-19 Vaccine Before 2022 Will Be Put In ‘Quarantine Camps’?,,,,,, -12,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-solar-storm-gps-internet-satellites-earth/,"Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?",2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?4:36 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Instagram claims a “massive solar storm heading towards Earth could affect GPS, internet and satellites.”   View this post on Instagram   A post shared by Rap by RAPTV (@rap) Verdict: False The Space Weather Prediction Center’s forecast does not show any major solar storm heading toward Earth in the coming days. There were also no major solar storms last week. Fact Check: Solar storms are natural phenomena that occur when disturbances on the sun, such as solar flares or coronal mass ejections, emit electromagnetic radiation and charged particle radiation into the solar system, according to CBS News. Under certain conditions, such solar activity can disrupt satellites as well as technologies on Earth like GPS and radio communications, according to NASA. The July 14 Instagram post claims a “massive solar storm” that can impact GPS, internet and satellites is heading toward Earth. However, there is no mention of an imminent solar storm to that effect on the Space Weather Prediction Center’s three-day forecast, and no such storm occurred last week. The forecast on Monday said, “Solar activity is likely to remain very low with a slight chance for C-class flares on 19-21 Jul,” while Tuesday’s forecast currently states, “Solar activity is expected to be very low, with an increasing chance of C-class flares 20-22 Jul.” C-class solar flares are “too weak to noticeably affect Earth,” according to NASA. “The solar observations have been greatly mischaracterized,” Theo Stein, a spokesperson for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said in an email to Check Your Fact. (RELATED: No, This Is Not A ‘Photo From Mars’ Fabricated By NASA) The last significant solar activity registered by the NOAA occurred on July 3, when an X-1 solar flare was observed. X-class flares are the strongest type of solar flare and can affect Earth, according to NASA. The July 3 flare was the largest since 2017 and caused a brief radio blackout, according to Space.com. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRT4vophNP0/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRT4vophNP0/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-kind-of-damage-can-a-solar-storm-do/,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/spaceweather/index.html#q5,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/about-space-weather,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion,https://web.archive.org/web/20210720184726/https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/X-class-flares.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/03/29/fact-check-photo-mars-fabricated-nasa/,https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/news/r3-strong-radio-blackout-observed,https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/X-class-flares.html,https://www.space.com/sun-unleashes-x-class-solar-flare-july-2021-video,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6e0b030702172e0a0f0702170d0f02020b1c000b191d08011b000a0f1a07010040011c09","Is A Massive Solar Storm That Could Affect GPS, Internet And Satellites Heading Toward Earth?",,,,,, -13,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-make-a-wish-foundation-wishes-fully-vaccinated-children/,Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?4:14 PM 07/20/2021Mecca Fowler | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the Make-A-Wish Foundation is only granting wishes to children who are fully vaccinated. Verdict: False While Make-A-Wish is requiring families to be vaccinated for wishes involving air travel and large crowds, it is not denying wishes to unvaccinated children. The claim appears to stem from a misunderstanding of a video from the Make-A-Wish CEO. Fact Check: The Make-A-Wish Foundation is a non-profit organization that grants wishes to critically ill children, according to the foundation’s website. Now, a post on Facebook claims the organization decided to only grant wishes to children who are fully vaccinated. The coronavirus pandemic put thousands of wishes on hold due to stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions and event cancellations, NBC South Florida reported in May 2020. Other children had to alter their wishes, according to USA Today. There is no evidence, however, that Make-A-Wish is refusing to grant wishes to unvaccinated children. An internet search conducted by Check Your Fact found no media outlets reporting that the foundation is mandating vaccines before children can receive wishes, only other fact-checking outlets debunking the claim. The claim appears to stem from a deceptively edited video shared on Twitter, that showed Make-A-Wish CEO Richard Davis speaking about updates to Make-A-Wish’s COVID-19 policies. In the edited video, Davis says wishes involving air travel within the U.S. and large gatherings will resume September 15, but will require all participants, including the child making a wish, to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. The Twitter video, which was originally sent in an email to Make-A-Wish families, was edited to end before Davis finished explaining which children would be eligible for wishes involving air travel and large gatherings, the Associated Press reported. (RELATED: Does The Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine Contain Graphene Oxide?) The foundation on June 28 published a statement on its website clarifying the misinformation surrounding its vaccine policy. “Make-A-Wish has not, does not and will not deny wishes to children who are not vaccinated,” the statement reads, in part. “Since the beginning of the pandemic, Make-A-Wish has safely granted over 6,500 wishes to children and families – regardless of vaccination status. Make-A-Wish will continue to grant wishes to children who are not vaccinated.” The statement goes on to explain that there are other types of wishes to choose from that don’t require being vaccinated, such as road trips, shopping sprees, meeting a celebrity and room decorations. The vaccine policy does not apply to children who have received a terminal prognosis, according to the statement. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsMecca FowlerContributor","https://www.facebook.com/MarchAgainstCorruption/posts/2326354117495293,https://wish.org/about-us,https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/coronavirus/make-a-wish-trying-to-make-dreams-come-true-during-pandemic/2227685/,https://www.usatoday.com/story/lifestyle/2020/08/19/make-a-wish-still-helping-dreams-come-true-during-pandemic-mdash-just-different-ones/113347928/,https://www.google.com/search?q=Make-A-wish+refusing+to+grant+wishes+unvaccinated+children&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS890US890&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjjmpTgo_LxAhVrElkFHSLbCVsQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://twitter.com/Pelham_3/status/1407964106653536256,https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-health-business-6ecfe4db4e9eef5d0577a11aaba0f985,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/12/fact-check-pfizer-covid-vaccine-graphene-oxide/,https://wish.org/news-releases/vaccine-policy,https://wish.org/news-releases/vaccine-policy",Is The Make-A-Wish Foundation Only Granting Wishes To Fully Vaccinated Children?,,,,,, -14,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-protest-france-covid-measures/,Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?2:20 PM 07/20/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Instagram allegedly shows a recent protest in France against COVID-19 mitigation measures.   View this post on Instagram   A post shared by CBK (@cbk.news) Verdict: False The photo, which dates back to 2018, shows celebrations of France’s FIFA World Cup victory that year. Fact Check: The image of a woman holding a French flag while a massive crowd gathers below on the Champs-Elysees avenue in Paris has circulated on Instagram and Facebook recently. In numerous instances, users alleged in the captions that it depicts a protest against the French government’s new COVID-19 mitigation measures. The French government recently announced measures that will mandate COVID-19 vaccinations for all health care workers and that will require people get special health passes documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from it to enter venues such as restaurants, bars and theaters, according to Reuters. The announcement of those measures resulted in over 100,000 people protesting across France this past weekend, the Associated Press reported. A reverse image search revealed the photo actually dates back to 2018 and shows people in Paris celebrating the French national soccer team winning the FIFA World Cup. France won the World Cup that year after beating Croatia 4-2 in the final match, NPR reported. AFP photographer Ludovic Marin took the picture. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Cuban Farmer Before Being Executed For Refusing To Work For The Castro Regime) “This picture taken from the top of the Arch of Triumph (Arc de Triomphe) on July 15, 2018 shows people celebrating France’s victory in the Russia 2018 World Cup final football match between France and Croatia, on the Champs-Elysees avenue in Paris,” reads the caption on Getty Images. Photos taken of people in Paris protesting against France’s new COVID-19 measures can be found on Reuters Connect and AP Images. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Av.+des+Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,+75008+Paris,+France/@48.8729602,2.2956639,565m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66fc4f8007851:0x5aa1a787f38f64f6!8m2!3d48.8729602!4d2.2978526,https://www.instagram.com/p/CRe6Iq7BCC9/,https://www.facebook.com/sue.rhodes.7140/posts/332635195233853,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-broadens-use-covid-19-health-pass-slashes-fines-2021-07-19/,https://apnews.com/article/europe-business-health-government-and-politics-france-d25494f4cf4ca6c6d1464188a89ece6f,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.npr.org/2018/07/15/629245670/france-wins-world-cup,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/10/fact-check-cuban-farmer-executed-castro-regime/,https://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/news-photo/this-picture-taken-from-the-top-of-the-arch-of-triumph-on-news-photo/999547884?adppopup=true,https://www.reutersconnect.com/all?search=all%3Aprotest%20paris,https://www.apimages.com/Search?query=paris+vaccine+protest&ss=10&st=kw&entitysearch=&toItem=15&orderBy=Newest&searchMediaType=allmedia,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show A 2021 Protest Against France’s COVID-19 Measures?,,,,,, -15,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-image-farmers-protesting-new-zealand/,Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?1:28 PM 07/20/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows farmers protesting on tractors in New Zealand. Verdict: False The image, which was taken in 2019, actually shows a farmers’ protest in the Netherlands, not New Zealand. Fact Check: In recent days, New Zealand farmers have been participating in a demonstration called “Howl Of A Protest,” and have been driving their tractors into cities, causing traffic jams, Reuters reported. The farmers are protesting the New Zealand government’s environmental and climate change policies, among other regulations, that some believe are hurting their business, according to the outlet. Now some social media users have been sharing an image, supposedly from the protests, showing dozens of tractors driving down one side of a highway. “Farmer’s protest today! pukekohe to Auckland,” the image’s caption reads. “Standing up to our tyrannical government that are land grabbing and destroying farmer’s lively hoods. We need to support them for the farmers feed us!” The image does not, however, show the recent New Zealand protests. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found a near-identical photo on Shutterstock. The image shared on Facebook appears to have flipped and cropped the original photo. The photo was actually taken in the Netherlands in 2019, according to its caption on Shutterstock. “Farmers block the A28 Highway with their tractors between Hoogeveen and Meppel in The Netherlands, 01 October 2019,” the image’s caption reads. “The farmers joined a national protest in The Hague.” (RELATED: Did Stacey Abrams Say, ‘We Don’t Need Farmers, When We Have Grocery Stores’?) The 2019 protest was in response to proposed measures of reducing nitrogen emissions that some farmers felt unfairly targeted their profession, NPR reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/bettina.barbie/posts/10224701620075561,https://www.reuters.com/world/farmers-protesting-tractors-take-streets-new-zealand-2021-07-16/,https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/farmers-protest-in-the-hague-hoogeven-netherlands-01-oct-2019-10431957a,https://www.shutterstock.com/editorial/image-editorial/farmers-protest-in-the-hague-hoogeven-netherlands-01-oct-2019-10431957a,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/22/fact-check-stacey-abrams-dont-need-farmers-have-grocery-stores/,https://www.npr.org/2019/10/01/766012978/tractor-trail-of-protesting-dutch-farmers-snarls-traffic-for-hundreds-of-miles,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d6b3bbbfbaaf96b2b7bfbaafb5b7babab3a4b8b3a1a5b0b9a3b8b2b7a2bfb9b8f8b9a4b1",Does This Image Show Farmers Protesting In New Zealand?,,,,,, -16,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-solar-eclipse-international-space-station/,Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?11:44 AM 07/20/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims to show a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. Verdict: False The image is a piece of digital artwork, not a photo taken from the International Space Station. Fact Check: The International Space Station, which orbits about 250 miles above the earth, was assembled in parts between 1998 and 2011, according to NASA. 2020 marked the International Space Station’s 20th year of astronaut crews living on it, the Associated Press reported. The Facebook post claims to show a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon moves between the sun and the earth and blocks the sun’s light, casting a shadow on earth, according to NASA. (RELATED: Is This Image The ‘First Ever’ Photo Of A Sunset On Mars?) While the picture does contain some actual imagery of space, it is not a photo of a solar eclipse taken from the International Space Station. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact discovered it is actually a piece of digital artwork created by Deviant Art user A4size-ska using software called Terragen 2. The image of the Milky Way in the background of the piece comes from the European Space Observatory. The inaccurate claim that the image shows a solar eclipse “viewed from the International Space Station” has circulated online since at least 2012. In an article for Discover Magazine that year, astronomer Phil Plait debunked the claim, noting that “the bright Earth (and Sun!) would wash out the background stars in a picture like this, so you’d not see them, and certainly not the Milky Way.” Gizmodo also reported that the image was a “3D rendering made in Terragen 2” by the Deviant Art user. This isn’t the first time social media users have mistaken a piece of digital artwork as a genuine photo taken of space. In February, Check Your Fact debunked an image some Facebook users claimed to show “Earth, Venus and Jupiter as seen from Mars” that, in actuality, was computer-generated. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/100122238376496/photos/a.154075826314470/341928764195841/?type=3&theater,https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Space-Station,https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-the-iss-58.html,https://apnews.com/article/russia-70f64e672c35638d7580a95799e6f54f,https://www.facebook.com/100122238376496/photos/a.154075826314470/341928764195841/?type=3&theater,https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-an-eclipse-k4,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/03/17/fact-check-first-ever-photo-sunset-mars-illustration/,https://www.deviantart.com/a4size-ska/art/Eclipse-144235675,http://www.planetside.co.uk/downloads/tg2deep/dru9uwepuxu3haka/Terragen2Deep25050.shtml,https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0932a/,https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/a-fake-and-a-real-view-of-the-solar-eclipse-from-space,https://www.syfy.com/author/phil-plait,https://gizmodo.com/this-mind-blowing-image-of-the-eclipse-cant-possibly-be-5912184,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/02/26/fact-check-image-earth-venus-jupiter-mars/,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show A Solar Eclipse From The International Space Station?,,,,,, -17,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/20/fact-check-chief-justice-john-roberts-arrested/,Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?,2021-07-20,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?10:25 AM 07/20/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts has been arrested and charged for child trafficking, among other charges. Verdict: False There is no record of Roberts being arrested for child trafficking, or any other charges. Fact Check: “Breaking News! Chief Justice John Roberts has been arrested for child trafficking, plus other charges!” the July 14 Facebook post reads, citing someone named Scott Brunswick as the source of the claim. Brunswick has previously been cited as the source for other Facebook posts, including one that falsely claimed former President Donald Trump retained full control of the military. There is no evidence, however, that Roberts was arrested for child trafficking, or anything else. Check Your Fact searched press releases from the Supreme Court and the FBI, but found no mention of Roberts being arrested. Had the chief justice been arrested, major media outlets almost certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. While Supreme Court Justices are able to hold office “as long as they choose,” according to the Supreme Court’s website, they are able to be removed by impeachment. Justices can be impeached for committing “treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors,” per the U.S. Constitution. If Roberts was arrested for child trafficking, he would likely be susceptible to an impeachment charge from Congress, but there has not been any congressional action taken against him, according to Congress.gov. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Chief Justice John Roberts With Ghislaine Maxwell) Roberts most recently released a statement July 1 marking the end of the term, and the start of Supreme Court recess until October. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4383237421741022,https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4265374396860659,https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/press/pressreleases.aspx,https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel,https://news.google.com/search?q=chief%20justice%20roberts%20arrested&hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen,https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/faq_general.aspx,https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript,https://www.congress.gov/search?q=%7B%22source%22%3A%22all%22%2C%22congress%22%3A%22117%22%2C%22search%22%3A%22john+roberts%22%7D,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/21/fact-check-photo-john-roberts-ghislaine-maxwell-jean-luc-brunel/,https://www.supremecourt.gov/publicinfo/press/pressreleases/pr_07-01-21",Was Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts Arrested?,,,,,, -18,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-protest-cuba-argentina-soccer/,Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?7:09 PM 07/19/2021Alexis Enderle | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows a large nighttime anti-government protest in Cuba on July 17. Verdict: False The video shows soccer fans celebrating in Buenos Aires, Argentina, after the country’s team won the Copa América final against Brazil. Fact Check: Widespread anti-government protests erupted across Cuba starting July 11, according to The Wall Street Journal. Cubans are protesting the Communist-run government, food and medicine shortages and electricity outages, among other things, the Associated Press reported. Misinformation related to the Cuban anti-government protests has circulated widely on social media in recent days. The inaccurate claim that the video, which has garnered over 1,400 views so far, shows a nighttime protest in the country “right now” is one such example. It actually shows Argentinians in Buenos Aires celebrating the national soccer team’s victory over Brazil in the Copa América final on July 10. The well-known Obelisco de Buenos Aires can be seen in the video lit up with blue lights. Similar footage shared by The Guardian’s soccer-focused Youtube channel, Guardian Football, shows a large crowd of Argentina soccer fans celebrating the July 10 win in the Plaza de la Republica, where the monument is located. The description of Guardian Football’s video containing the similar footage reads in part, “Thousands took to the streets in Buenos Aires on Saturday night after Argentina beat its historic rival Brazil in the Copa América final.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?) Reuters also published footage depicting Argentina soccer fans on July 10 celebrating the win in Buenos Aires. Amongst the large crowd, the blue-lit obelisk can be seen, according to the Reuters video. Check Your Fact previously debunked an image of thousands of people gathered in a street that some social media users claimed showed an anti-government protest in Cuba. That photo actually captured part of a 2011 demonstration in Egypt. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } share on facebook tweet this show commentsAlexis EnderleContributor","https://www.facebook.com/berit.larsen.798/videos/616304286000528,https://www.wsj.com/articles/cuba-protests-whats-happening-11626112390,https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-europe-business-health-cuba-53b679e5500247f8bf6195b692015605,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.facebook.com/berit.larsen.798/videos/616304286000528,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/11/1015105606/lionel-messi-sends-argentina-to-victory-over-brazil-in-copa-america-final,https://turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/en/otros-establecimientos/obelisk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsYxxeeXoo8,https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNHqb1IRxQ5WBsWtO53JL2g,https://www.google.com/maps/search/obelisco+de+buenos+aires/@-34.6036415,-58.3816822,113m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsYxxeeXoo8,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/argentina-beat-brazil-1-0-win-copa-america-2021-07-11/,https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/argentina-beat-brazil-1-0-win-copa-america-2021-07-11/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/",Does This Video Show A Recent Anti-Government Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, -19,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-kayleigh-mcenany-jfk-granddaughter/,Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?5:18 PM 07/19/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims former White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany is the granddaughter of former President John F. Kennedy and daughter of John F. Kennedy Jr. Verdict: False Kayleigh McEnany is the daughter of Michael McEnany and Leanne McEnany. She is not directly related to John F. Kennedy. Fact Check: The image includes a photo of Kayleigh McEnany surrounded by photos of Jacqueline Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy. Text in the photo lists John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy as Kayleigh McEnany’s grandparents and John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy as her parents. There is, however, no evidence Kayleigh McEnany is directly related to John F. Kennedy. Kayleigh McEnany was born in 1988 to parents Michael and Leanne McEnany, according to the Tampa Bay Times. (RELATED: No, JFK Jr. Is Not Still Alive) John F. Kennedy had four children, none of whom were named Michael or Leanne. His children were named Arabella, Caroline, John and Patrick, The Sun reported. Arabella was stillborn, according to the outlet, and Patrick died days after he was born, The New York Times reported. John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife Carolyn and his sister-in-law all died in a plane crash off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard in July 1999, according to The New York Times. John F. Kennedy Jr. and Carolyn were married in 1996, eight years after Kayleigh McEnany was born, and they never had children, Heavy reported. John F. Kennedy Jr.’s sister, Caroline, is the mother of John F. Kennedy’s only grandchildren, and none are named Kayleigh. Caroline’s children are named Rose, Tatiana and Jack, according to Town & Country magazine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10222895788397911&set=gm.1464023903965607&type=3&eid=ARDNAgjPEzV_AymNuQSZ5puq-upKAHuwusnxRODXLXo2ICQIfcRPRqyXhvu4Aq9KcMnPMfUQmG0xX0cf&__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARCBWklaLyXx2uXtogxb2NmN8rAdI5Cw4Od26ROgLo0kgOuCBVt0L9U6Wy61mDKS7g3K1XWDMCzlIJJlpN3GQE-DSXCKMDc6g_YHPqfYEeParkqSXhr_7jOUmFlMg9XjJrzuqHPjUw035l_HQAdJKwc6S03oTE4IDUcwZOjgzGX1j5JK--Yz-lJVtXWFYweUQTThKQwif0ETY6gfovnEeGgLeSC-exVm_6cARLE50ypE-MhsHaJzhGcCPuEpoH1ZH-D9tGEl09emfdI6csdvw-En1RXvtaam5cU,https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-kayleigh-mcenany-bio-life-facts-trump-rnc-cnn-2017-8#during-the-campaign-mcenany-frequently-appeared-as-a-trump-surrogate-most-prominently-on-cnn-where-she-was-a-paid-commentator-who-promoted-trumps-platform-and-debated-with-left-leaning-and-anti-trump-commentators-10,https://www.tampabay.com/news/hillsborough/2019/10/31/kayleigh-mcenany-highlights-hillsborough-gop-lincoln-day-dinner/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/09/fact-check-jfk-jr-is-not-alive/,https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/7708799/john-f-kennedy-president-jfk-assassination-kids-caroline-john-jr-patrick-arabella/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210619091532/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/30/health/a-kennedy-babys-life-and-death.html,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://heavy.com/entertainment/2019/01/jfk-jr-carolyn-bessette-children-kids-wife/#:~:text=Getty%20JFK%20Jr.,Bessette%2C%20did%20not%20have%20children.,https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/g2178/young-kennedys/",Is Kayleigh McEnany JFK’s Granddaughter?,,,,,, -20,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-greta-thunberg-sticker-car-flood-germany/,Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?4:40 PM 07/19/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook purportedly shows an anti-Greta Thunberg sticker on a car stuck in a flood. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False The sticker has been digitally edited into the photo. Fact Check: The picture of the BMW supposedly sporting a “Fuck You Greta!” sticker on the back windshield has circulated on Facebook in recent days. The alleged sticker appears to reference Thunberg, a well-known Swedish environmental activist. The image also went viral on Twitter, where one iteration has received over 1,200 retweets and 9,000 likes as of press time. The anti-Thunberg sticker has been photoshopped into the picture, a reverse image search revealed. The original photo, taken by photographer David Young, can be found in a July 16 article about cars that was published by the German newspaper Bild in connection to flooding in Germany. In the unaltered picture, there are no stickers visible on the car’s window. Countries in Western Europe were recently hit by deadly floods, with at least 160 people having been killed by them in Germany, according to the Associated Press. At least 31 people in Belgium have died in the floods, the outlet reported Monday. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Greta Thunberg Eating On A Train While Children Watch From Outside) One Twitter user who shared the image later appeared to clarify that it was doctored, saying in part, “Apparently the bumper sticker is photoshopped in, which isn’t surprising since this is in Germany, so presumably it would be in German (or Belgian, Dutch) if it were real.” Apparently the bumper sticker is photoshopped in, which isn’t surprising since this is in Germany, so presumably it would be in German (or Belgian, Dutch) if it were real. I just saw it somewhere and copied it, not expecting it to blow up, lol. pic.twitter.com/FGXU56KurC — #Doomberg: Marxist-Yeagerist ⌬ (@delmoi) July 17, 2021 “I just saw it somewhere and copied it, not expecting it to blow up, lol,” the same user went on to say in the July 17 tweet. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/marynunzianteQ/posts/2313976515400706,https://www.facebook.com/marynunzianteQ/posts/2313976515400706,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Greta-Thunberg,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416239004610093056,https://www.bild.de/auto/service/service/hochwasser-schaeden-am-auto-welche-versicherung-zahlt-65678570.bild.html,https://www.cbsnews.com/news/flooding-in-germany-europe-deaths-hundreds-missing-2021-07-19/,https://apnews.com/article/europe-germany-floods-662f251959433bdbbc251631460e4314,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/02/28/fact-check-greta-thunberg-eating-train-children-watch/,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://t.co/FGXU56KurC,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/delmoi/status/1416375865211080708,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show An Anti-Greta Thunberg Sticker On A Car Stuck In A Flood?,,,,,, -21,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-elephant-carrying-lion-cub/,Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?1:27 PM 07/19/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 250 times allegedly shows an elephant carrying a lion cub while a lioness walks beside them. Verdict: False The photo of the elephant has been photoshopped to include a lioness and lion cub. The image was originally created for an April Fools’ Day prank. Fact Check: The image seemingly showing a lioness padding alongside an elephant holding a cub with its trunk has circulated online for several years. “It was considered the best photo of this century,” text inside the image states. “A lioness and her cub were crossing the savannah but the heat was excessive and the cub was in great difficulty walking. An elephant realized that the cub would die and carried him in his trunk to a pool of water walking beside his mother. And we call them wild animals.” The image is photoshopped. The unaltered picture of the elephant can be found on Wikimedia Commons. In the original photo, there are no lions accompanying the elephant as it crosses a dirt path. (RELATED: Did Russia Let Over 500 Lions Loose To Keep People Indoors During The Coronavirus Pandemic?) Kruger Sightings, an online service that shares wildlife sightings at South Africa’s Kruger National Park, first tweeted the altered picture on April 1, 2018, with a similar story accompanying it. The caption credits the photo to “Sloof Lirpa,” which is “April Fools” written backwards. Nadav Ossendryver, the founder of Kruger Sightings, said that it was created as a 2018 April Fools’ Day prank and that it quickly went viral, according to Business Insider South Africa. Ossendryver said some media outlets reached out to him at the time asking for permission to use it, the outlet reported. Despite Kruger Sightings also posting on its website in 2018 that the photoshopped image was an April Fools joke, some social media users have continued to share it, seemingly believing it is a genuine photo of an elephant helping a lioness and her cub. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/jackmason1953/posts/10222471645914304,https://www.facebook.com/jackmason1953/posts/10222471645914304,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elephant_side-view_Kruger.jpg,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/03/24/fact-check-russia-500-lions-look-streets-coronavirus/,https://twitter.com/LatestKruger/status/980344432393375744?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E980344432393375744%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.co.za%2Fsa-elephant-picture-fools-20-million-people-2018-4,https://www.businessinsider.co.za/sa-elephant-picture-fools-20-million-people-2018-4,https://www.latestsightings.com/single-post/2018/04/01/How-To-Make-Your-April-Fools-Joke-Go-Viral,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4c383e293a233e0c2f24292f273523393e2a2d2f38622f2321",Does This Image Show An Elephant Carrying A Lion Cub?,,,,,, -22,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-italians-celebrating-european-championship-soccer-firecrackers/,Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?12:29 PM 07/19/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook claims to show Italians celebrating the men’s national team’s recent victory in the 2020 European Championship soccer tournament by igniting a long line of firecrackers. Verdict: False The video shows a religious festival in Taiwan in April, not a soccer celebration in Italy. Fact Check: Italy’s national men’s soccer team won the 2020 European Championship after defeating England on July 11, a win that prompted celebrations across the country, according to The New York Times. Now, a July 13 video claims to show supporters of the team setting off a long line of red firecrackers in the street. “Italy’s celebration on euro cup winning,” reads the post’s caption. “No pollution for them ,only India’s Dipawali crackers pollute the world!” (RELATED: Does This Image Show Italian Police Laying Down Their Equipment In Solidarity With People Protesting COVID-19 Restrictions?) Dipawali, or Diwali, is India’s most important holiday, and is typically celebrated with a large festival in which firecrackers and fireworks are ignited, a tradition that has been criticized for contributing to air pollution, according to NPR. The Facebook video does not, however, show a celebration in Italy. Through a reverse image search of key frames, Check Your Fact found similar footage posted on YouTube in April by Taiwanese news outlet Sanli News Network with the title: “Firecrackers stretch for 500 meters to welcome Baishatun Mazu enthusiastically.” The Baishatun Mazu (or Matsu) Pilgrimage is an annual religious festival in which tens of thousands of people walk 400 kilometers across Taiwan to honor the sea goddess Matsu, according to the Taipei Times. This year’s pilgrimage began on April 11, the outlet reported. Firecrackers are often set off along the route to celebrate the deity, according to Taiwan Panorama. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/hemant.sahasrabuddhe1/videos/322341792929435,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/11/sports/soccer/italy-wins-european-championship.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/09/fact-check-image-italian-police-equipment-solidarity-protesting-covid-19-restrictions/,https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/diwali,https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/11/12/934097578/fireworks-of-diwali-spark-worries-about-pollution-and-coronavirus-cases,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2W9nVfMDbU&t=324s,https://www.setn.com/,https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/04/12/2003755516,https://www.taiwan-panorama.com/en/Articles/Details?Guid=33d9ab7c-b4f1-4ebf-9223-7af588f879db,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1c79717570655c787d7570657f7d7070796e72796b6f7a736972787d6875737232736e7b",Does This Video Show Italians Celebrating The National Soccer Team’s European Championship Victory With Firecrackers?,,,,,, -23,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/19/fact-check-video-water-cannons-french-protesting-covid-vaccinations/,Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?,2021-07-19,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?10:59 AM 07/19/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows a crowd of French citizens who were protesting “President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations” being dispersed with water cannons. Verdict: False The video shows a protest in Kenya, not France. Fact Check: The 31-second video shows an aerial view of people running in different directions on a street as two vehicles shoot water cannons at them. The caption of the video reads, “Resistance begins to mount against President Macron’s plan for mandatory COVID vaccinations of all French citizens.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Kenyans In Nairobi Protesting In Solidarity With Nigerians In June 2021?) That description of the video, however, is inaccurate. A keyword search of terms associated with the video turned up several YouTube videos showing the same footage, all of which indicate it actually shows a protest at the University of Nairobi in Kenya. Several landmarks in the video match those visible in a Google Maps street view of University Way, confirming the incident occurred near the University of Nairobi. Kenyan riot police have used water cannons and tear gas on multiple occasions in recent years to disperse protests in Nairobi, and it is unclear which exact demonstration the video shows. Last week, Kenyan riot police used tear gas against University of Nairobi students who were protesting the university’s decision to raise tuition fees, according to AFP. During a recent televised speech, French President Emmanuel Macron announced that due to a recent rise in COVID-19 cases in the country, vaccines would become mandatory for health care workers by September 15, according to France24. He has not mandated COVID-19 vaccines for all French citizens at the time of publication. The French president announced in the same address that starting in August, anyone who wants to go to certain venues such as restaurants, bars and malls must have a special “health pass” documenting they have been vaccinated against COVID-19, recently tested negative for the virus or recovered from it, according to NPR. The announced rules prompted protests in parts of France, according to Reuters. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://www.facebook.com/JESUSFINALCALL/videos/544788723374034/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/21/fact-check-photo-kenyans-protesting-solidarity-nigerians/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHhKt0-wMqE,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeOtrxrmLWk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpGlJ4US3rs,https://www.google.com/maps/@-1.2809558,36.8164636,3a,75y,166.43h,96.47t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sbDS3zP6e--ba8wa9_BX46g!2e0!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-kenya-police-idUKKCN1C81B6,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-36251822,https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/07/kenya-protesters-clash-with-police-in-nairobi-over-covid-curfews-and-restrictions/,https://www.euronews.com/2016/05/16/tear-gas-and-water-cannon-fired-on-protesters-in-kenya,https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/kenyan-police-tear-gas-protesting-150855698.html,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzOXfvVipvs,https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210712-follow-live-france-s-macron-addresses-the-nation-as-covid-19-delta-variant-surges,https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/07/13/1015591406/french-people-rush-for-vaccines-after-macron-ties-a-new-health-pass-to-cafe-life,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/french-police-quell-protest-against-covid-health-passport-rules-2021-07-14/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d2b7bfbbbeab92b6b3bbbeabb1b3bebeb7a0bcb7a5a1b4bda7bcb6b3a6bbbdbcfcbda0b5",Does This Video Show Water Cannons Being Used On French Citizens Protesting ‘Mandatory COVID Vaccinations’?,,,,,, -24,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-image-joe-biden-kneeling-israeli-president/,Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?5:00 PM 07/16/2021Charlese Freeman | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims President Joe Biden kneeled before former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin and pledged his “unconditional support to Israeli.” Verdict: False The image actually shows Biden kneeling in admiration of Rivlin’s chief of staff, Rivka Ravitz, who has 12 children. The claim appears to stem from a website that does not guarantee the “accuracy, completeness or usefulness” of its information. Fact Check: The July 8 post includes what appears to be a screen grab of an article with a featured image showing Biden on one knee in front of Rivlin and Ravitz. The article’s headline reads: “Biden Literally Kneels Before Israeli President in Bizarre and Humiliating Display — Pledges Unconditional Support to Israel.” Biden was not, however, kneeling  before the former president as a display of “unconditional support” to Israel. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the image published in a July 2 article by the Times of Israel. Biden knelt in front of Ravitz in awe of the fact that she has 12 children, the outlet reported. Rivlin met with Biden at the White House in late June to “reset” the relationship between Israel and the U.S., the Washington Post reported. During the meeting, Biden said his commitment to Israel is “ironclad,” according to a transcript of remarks published by the White House. (RELATED: Does This Image Show Mark Zuckerberg Holding An ‘I Stand With Israel’ Sign?) The article in the screen grab appears to have been published by the website en Volve. En Volve includes a disclaimer under the “Website Terms Of Use” section that says: “We do not warrant the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of this information. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk.” Despite the disclaimer included on en Volve’s website, social media users have shared the claim without such a warning, seemingly believing the baseless claim to be genuine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsCharlese FreemanContributor","https://www.facebook.com/sweetie.cochran/posts/10226994121745995,https://www.facebook.com/sweetie.cochran/posts/10226994121745995,https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-kneels-before-rivlin-aide-after-learning-she-has-12-kids/,https://www.timesofisrael.com/biden-kneels-before-rivlin-aide-after-learning-she-has-12-kids/,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/28/joe-biden-live-updates/,https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/06/28/remarks-by-president-biden-and-president-rivlin-of-the-state-of-israel-before-bilateral-meeting/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/05/29/fact-check-mark-zuckerberg-stand-israel-sign/,https://en-volve.com/2021/07/05/in-humiliating-display-biden-literally-kneels-before-israeli-president-and-pledges-unconditional-support-to-israel/,https://en-volve.com/terms-of-service/",Does This Image Show Joe Biden Kneeling Before Former Israeli President Reuven Rivlin?,,,,,, -25,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-boris-johnson-black-eye-covid-19-briefing/,Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?3:37 PM 07/16/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook purportedly shows a BBC News segment where U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson has a black eye. Verdict: False The video has been digitally altered. The original video does not show Johnson with a black eye or any visible injury. Fact Check: Johnson announced all remaining coronavirus restrictions in England would be lifted on July 19, despite a recent surge in COVID-19 cases, according to the Associated Press. The country began slowly lifting restrictions in March, starting with reopening schools, the outlet reported. Now, a video on Facebook seemingly shows a news segment aired on BBC News of Johnson speaking with a black eye. The video was first shared on TikTok July 12 and has over 35,000 likes and 6,100 comments. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Boris Johnson With Ghislaine Maxwell?) The video, however, appears to have been doctored to include the black eye. Check Your Fact found the original video posted on YouTube by BBC on July 12. In the original segment, Johnson is shown speaking at a press conference about England removing the last of the COVID-19 restrictions, and he does not have a black eye. If Johnson actually gave a press briefing while having a black eye, media outlets likely would have reported on it, yet none have. In 2011, when Johnson was the mayor of London, the Evening Standard reported he showed up to vote with a black eye he received after hitting a security barrier headfirst while cycling. Over 1,200 scientists signed a letter to The Lancet criticizing Johnson’s plan to lift COVID-19 restrictions on July 19, calling the decision a “dangerous and unethical experiment,” according to The Guardian. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/scott.keen.94/videos/4506509099393448,https://apnews.com/article/europe-business-health-government-and-politics-coronavirus-pandemic-3776cfdb1c180720b9ea000a2c65618b,https://www.tiktok.com/@hussainalsalman0/video/6984081554679041285?is_copy_url=1&is_from_webapp=v1,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/07/07/fact-check-photo-boris-johnson-ghislaine-maxwell-allegra-mostyn-owen/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMUAtuMqgzs,https://www.google.com/search?q=boris+johnson+black+eye&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ9dD2iujxAhVmkeAKHZyNCMIQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=729,https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/boris-johnson-turns-out-to-vote-sporting-an-unsightly-black-eye-6398644.html,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01589-0/fulltext,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/16/englands-covid-unlocking-a-threat-to-the-world-experts-say,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did Boris Johnson Have A Black Eye While Speaking At A COVID-19 Briefing?,,,,,, -26,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/16/fact-check-barack-obama-bobi-wine/,Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture,2021-07-16,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture8:53 AM 07/16/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows former President Barack Obama and former Ugandan presidential candidate Bobi Wine posing for a picture. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False The image has been digitally altered to include Wine. The original image shows Obama and the Argentinian ambassador to the U.S. in 2016. Fact Check: In the image, Obama and Wine look like they are posing for a photo in what appears to be the Oval Office of the White House. Wine wears a double-breasted suit with a red pocket square. (RELATED: Did Haitian President Jovenel Moise Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?) The picture, however, has been digitally altered, a reverse image search revealed. The original photo, found in a January 2016 Mendoza Post article, actually shows Obama standing with Argentina’s then-ambassador to the U.S Martín Lousteau. Wine has been digitally superimposed over Lousteau. While Check Your Fact was unable to identify the original source of the Wine photo, pictures of Wine wearing a similar suit can be found online. For example, he wore it in 2020 while wearing a face mask. He can also be seen wearing it in a photo published by The Standard. Social media users have previously spread false information about Wine and U.S. politicians. In December 2020, Check Your Fact debunked the claim that Obama and President Joe Biden tweeted “#FreeBobiWine” after Wine was arrested. Wine lost the 2021 Ugandan presidential election to long-time president Yoweri Museveni, according to CNN. Wine challenged the election results and said he had evidence of fraud, but ultimately withdrew his challenge, The Associated Press reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2837470679845830&set=a.1402770259982553,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2837470679845830&set=a.1402770259982553,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/,https://www.mendozapost.com/nota/27841-lousteau-embajador-en-washington-fue-recibido-por-obama/,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1692450097582120&set=a.106466696180476,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001392903/bobi-wine-celebrates-wife-barbie-in-moving-message,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/12/23/fact-check-barack-obama-joe-biden-tweets-free-bobi-wine/,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/16/africa/uganda-presidential-election-yoweri-museveni-bobi-wine-intl/index.html,https://apnews.com/article/yoweri-museveni-elections-bobi-wine-africa-uganda-88085eefd624de960d32fc7f36f2472d,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Image Claims To Show Barack Obama And Bobi Wine Posing For A Picture,,,,,, -27,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-expose-clinton-foundation-before-assassination/,Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?6:27 PM 07/15/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the late former president of Haiti Jovenel Moïse told the media the day before he was assassinated that he would expose fraud by the Clinton Foundation. Verdict: False There is no evidence Moïse announced he would expose the Clinton Foundation. The claim appears to stem from a satirical article. Fact Check: A team of gunmen assassinated Moïse and injured his wife in their home on July 7, the Associated Press reported. Now, an image on Facebook seemingly shows a screen grab of an article bearing the headline: “BREAKING: Haitian President Jovenel Moïse to expose Clinton Foundation fraud tomorrow.” Additional text in the image reads, “Last tuesday the president of Haiti told on msm he was gonna expose the Clinton Foundation, one day later he was dead….” Former president and then-U.N. Special Envoy to Haiti Bill Clinton and then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton were criticized for their performance in helping to lead recovery efforts after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti which resulted in an estimated 220,000 deaths, according to BBC News. The Clinton Foundation drew criticism and accusations of corruption related to its involvement in aid work and funding following the disaster, the outlet reported. There is no record of Moïse telling the media he planned to reveal fraud perpetrated by the Clinton Foundation. None of the Haitian Ministry of Communication’s 2021 press releases mention the Clinton Foundation. Nor do any of Moïse’s social media posts. An internet search turned up no media reports of Moïse ever saying he was planning to “expose” the Clinton Foundation. Moïse met and spoke with Bill Clinton in September 2018 during the Bloomberg Global Business Forum in New York, and tweeted that the exchange was “a pleasure.” (RELATED: Did Haiti’s First Lady Martine Moïse Die?) The screen grabbed article in the Facebook post appears to stem from an article published on the Genesius Times, a website that describes itself as, “The most reliable source of fake news on the planet.” While the Genesius Times clearly disclaims that the articles on its website are not factual, some social media users have been sharing the claim without such a warning, passing the information off as genuine. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=272178751373056&id=100057427993205,https://apnews.com/article/haiti-president-jovenel-moise-killed-b56a0f8fec0832028bdc51e8d59c6af2,https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37826098,https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37826098,https://www.communication.gouv.ht/rubrique/communiques/,https://twitter.com/search?q=%22Clinton%20Foundation%22%20(from%3Amoisejovenel)&src=typed_query,https://www.facebook.com/page/1390429167954248/search/?q=Clinton%20Foundation,https://www.google.com/search?q=Jovenel+Mo%C3%AFse+Clinton+Foundation&ei=LZDvYICdIpWp5NoPv8K38AU&oq=Jovenel+Mo%C3%AFse+Clinton+Foundation&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKsCSgQIQRgBUOkFWJYdYKYiaAFwAHgAgAFviAGaA5IBAzUuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjA5-yN9-PxAhWVFFkFHT_hDV4Q4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://twitter.com/moisejovenel/status/1044988661195051010,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/12/fact-check-haiti-first-lady-martine-moise-die/,https://genesiustimes.com/haitian-president-jovenel-moise-to-expose-clinton-foundation-fraud-tomorrow/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#01757364776e7341626964626a786e7473676062752f626e6c",Did Haitian President Jovenel Moïse Say He Would Expose The Clinton Foundation The Day Before His Assassination?,,,,,, -28,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-water-cannon-protesters-south-africa/,Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?5:19 PM 07/15/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows South African protesters being hit with a water cannon. Verdict: False The video, which dates back to 2017, shows Venezuelan protesters being hit with a water cannon. Fact Check: The 18-second video shows a group of protesters, some wearing helmets and carrying shields, being blasted and scattered by a water cannon from a nearby armored vehicle. The caption reads, “A water cannon for riots in South Africa.” Rioting and looting recently broke out in parts of South Africa after former President Jacob Zuma started serving his 15-month jail sentence for contempt of court, according to The Wall Street Journal. The South African military has been deployed to quell the unrest that has left over 70 dead, according to CNN. While water cannons have, according to Eyewitness News and News24, reportedly been used on protesters in South Africa, the video was not taken during the current unrest there. The video dates back to at least 2017, with it being posted on Twitter with a caption indicating it was filmed in Venezuela. Rioters vs. Watercanons 😳Venezuelan protesters are cleaned up by a water cannon from China as artillery for the violent anti-gov riots! pic.twitter.com/3zJGP0y57B — IFL Fighting (@IFLfighting) May 16, 2017 “Rioters vs. Watercanons (sic),” reads the tweet’s caption. “Venezuelan protesters are cleaned up by a water cannon from China as artillery for the violent anti-gov riots!” The version of the video in the 2017 tweet contains a watermark for the video-sharing website LiveLeak. LiveLeak has since shut down, according to The Verge. (RELATED: Are White South Africans Banned From Receiving Government Aid During The COVID-19 Pandemic?) AFP News Agency posted a different angle of the same incident on YouTube in May 2017, with the description saying, “Clashes erupted Wednesday between riot police and opposition protesters in Caracas, as 3,000 protesters headed for the Supreme Court, whose bid on April 1 to strengthen Maduro’s grip on power by stripping authority from the legislature launched a wave of protests and deadly unrest.” if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Venezuelans had frequent demonstrations across the country in protest of President Nicolas Maduro and his government in 2017, according to The Atlantic. Over 100 people in Venezuela died in four months amid the anti-government protests, BBC News reported that year. In the video of the protesters being hit with a water cannon, at least one of them is carrying a shield decorated with the colors of the Venezuelan flag: yellow, blue and red. Images and videos from the 2017 Venezuelan protests show extremely similar interactions between protesters and authorities with water cannons. For instance, protesters carrying shields can be seen squaring off against the white armored vehicles of the Venezuelan National Guard in one video shared on YouTube by the Russian video news agency Ruptly. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/desmond.downs/videos/169735215084107/,https://www.facebook.com/desmond.downs/videos/169735215084107/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/south-africa-riots-whats-happening-11626280457,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/13/africa/south-africa-violence-protests-intl/index.html,https://ewn.co.za/2021/07/12/gallery-water-cannons-rubber-bullets-and-arrests-riots-hit-hillbrow,https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/david-makhura-admits-cops-are-overstretched-as-gautengs-death-toll-rises-to-19-20210713,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248,https://t.co/3zJGP0y57B,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/IFLfighting/status/864606341133877248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/7/22424356/liveleak-shock-site-shuts-down-itemfix,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/11/fact-check-white-south-africans-banned-receiving-government-aid-coronavirus-pandemic/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oQzDeL4Fn0,https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/06/months-of-anti-government-protests-continue-in-venezuela/530031/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40769737,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Venezuela,https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2017/06/months-of-anti-government-protests-continue-in-venezuela/530031/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktBUvt4t_bw,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#73161e1a1f0a3317121a1f0a10121f1f16011d160400151c061d1712071a1c1d5d1c0114",Does This Video Show A Water Cannon Being Used On Protesters In South Africa?,,,,,, -29,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-34-quintillion-gold-seized-vatican/,Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?4:20 PM 07/15/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims $34 quintillion in gold was seized from the Vatican and will be given to people globally. Verdict: False There is no evidence that $34 quintillion in gold has been taken from the Vatican to be given to “the people.” Fact Check: “Breaking News! The $34 Quintillion in gold seized from the Vatican is being distributed to the people globally,” the Facebook post reads, citing “CBK” as its source. CBK appears to stand for “Caroline Bisset (sic) Kennedy,” according to another Facebook post shared by the user. Caroline Kennedy died alongside her husband, John F. Kennedy Jr., in a plane crash in 1999 off the coast of Martha’s Vineyard, according to the New York Times. (RELATED: Was Pope Francis Arrested On Charges Including Human Trafficking And Fraud) There is, however, no evidence that $34 quintillion in gold was seized from the Vatican and will be distributed globally. A search of press releases from the Vatican, as well as the Vatican News website turned up no reports of gold being seized. Had such a large sum of gold been seized with plans to distribute to the mass public, major media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. “The claim is false,” Fr. Roger Landry, an attaché to the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations, said in an email to Check Your Fact. “A quintillion is a billion billions and there’s not even that much gold, not to mention money, in the world.” The Vatican’s net assets in 2019 were worth roughly 4 billion euros, or about 4.7 billion U.S. dollars, not including the Vatican bank or the Vatican museums, according to Reuters. The Vatican bank had $20 million in gold reserves held at the U.S. Federal Reserve, and managed $64 billion worth of assets from its customers, NASDAQ reported in 2015. share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4380189458712485,https://www.facebook.com/star.aquarius.731/posts/4305472406184191,https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/22/us/bodies-from-kennedy-crash-are-found.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/01/12/fact-check-pope-indicted-charges-child-trafficking-fraud/,https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/ricerca.html?date=2021&q=gold,https://www.vaticannews.va/en/search.html?q=gold&in=all&sorting=latest,https://www.google.com/search?q=%2434+quintilian+gold+vatican&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS890US890&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjugIi7zOXxAhUgElkFHUgRCjcQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1440&bih=717,https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/staff.php,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-finances/vatican-releases-financial-figures-promises-transparency-idUSKBN26M5XD,https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/how-much-money-does-vatican-have-2015-07-24",Was $34 Quintillion In Gold Seized From The Vatican?,,,,,, -30,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-france-protesting-lockdown-tyranny-covid/,Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?3:30 PM 07/15/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook and Twitter purportedly shows protesters in France rejecting “lockdown tyranny.” France rejects lockdown tyranny pic.twitter.com/hnKPavsVVQ — Man of Kent (@pplatesrgrate) July 14, 2021 Verdict: False The image shows a yellow vest protest that occurred in 2018, well before the COVID-19 pandemic began. Fact Check:  In recent days, Facebook and Twitter users have been sharing a photo of people seemingly protesting in front of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, claiming it shows a demonstration against “lockdown tyranny.” One iteration on Twitter has garnered over 7,000 likes to date. Amid spread of the Delta variant in the country, France recently announced that only those who have been vaccinated or tested negative for COVID-19 will be permitted in certain venues such as restaurants, bars, malls, trains and theaters starting in August, The Wall Street Journal reported. Those announced COVID-19 restrictions prompted protests in several French cities, according to EuroNews. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact discovered the photo predates the COVID-19 pandemic. The Daily Mail published the picture, credited to photographer Olivier Coret, in a November 2018 article about yellow vest protests in France. The yellow vest protests, named after the safety jackets worn by many demonstrators, came after French President Emmanuel Macron announced a green tax on diesel fuel in late 2018, according to NPR. The photo in question can also be found on Divergence Images, where it is attributed to Coret and described as showing a “demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018,” according to a Google translation. (RELATED: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?) In addition to protesting the diesel fuel green tax, the yellow vest protesters also called for things such as an increase in minimum wage, NPR reported. In early December 2018, the French government scrapped the added green tax on fuel before it was supposed to go into effect, according to the Associated Press. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/100000657397425/posts/4433789199986283/?d=n,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?s=21,https://t.co/hnKPavsVVQ,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Arc+de+Triomphe/@48.8737917,2.2928388,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66fec70fb1d8f:0xd9b5676e112e643d!8m2!3d48.873848!4d2.2950681,https://twitter.com/pplatesrgrate/status/1415280810551386114?s=21,https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/5-things-to-know-delta-variant-covid,https://www.wsj.com/articles/france-reimposes-restrictions-as-delta-variant-spreads-11626123063,https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/14/protests-in-france-over-bid-to-restrict-those-without-both-covid-jabs,https://www.nytimes.com/article/coronavirus-timeline.html,https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6424117/Paris-riot-police-blast-water-cannon-demonstrators-protesting-Macrons-fuel-tax-rise.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/?sl=auto&tl=en&text=Manifestation%20des%20Gilets%20Jaunes%20sur%20les%20Champs-Elysees%2C%20Paris%20le%2024%20novembre%202018&op=translate,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-riots-france-paris-international-news-535bcbbc3d2741d0aff14c634f1375fd,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Does This Image Show People In France Protesting ‘Lockdown Tyranny’?,,,,,, -31,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-photo-anti-communist-protest-cuba/,Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?1:23 PM 07/15/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 1,000 times allegedly shows a massive anti-government protest in Cuba this month. Verdict: False The photo actually shows a 2013 May Day parade that is unrelated to recent Cuban anti-government protests. Fact Check: Demonstrations against Cuba’s Communist-run government started in the country July 11, with thousands of Cubans decrying price increases, the government’s COVID-19 response and food and medicine shortages, BBC News reported. Many protesters have called for Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel’s resignation, according to CNN. The picture in the July 13 Facebook post shows a huge crowd stretching down Avenida Paseo in the Cuban capital city of Havana. The caption reads, “C U B A P R O T E S T I N G C O M M U N I S M.” (RELATED: Does This Photo Show Jill Biden Posing With Fidel Castro?) In reality, the pictured event took place over eight years ago and wasn’t held in protest against Cuba’s Communist-run government. The picture was taken in 2013 by a photographer for the Cuban government-controlled outlet CubaDebate, which reported that it shows a May Day parade on May 1 of that year. Other photos of the same parade can be found on Getty Images. Cuba’s then-President Raul Castro attended the 2013 May Day march in Havana, with participants holding pictures of him, former President Fidel Castro, and socialist former Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Reuters reported. May Day is also known as International Workers’ Day and has long been celebrated by communists, socialists and labor movements, according to NBC Chicago. Amid the widespread protests this week, the Cuban government shut off access to social media and messaging apps in the country on July 12, with service interruptions occurring into July 14, the Miami Herald reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10226115540379600&set=a.1095088542014&type=3&theater,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57830160,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/11/americas/cuba-protests/index.html,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10226115540379600&set=a.1095088542014&type=3&theater,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Jos%C3%A9+Mart%C3%AD+Memorial/@23.1255174,-82.3897591,664m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x88cd79e1bd4e654b:0x2f4cd3720557f2ad!8m2!3d23.1229226!4d-82.3864972,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/07/fact-check-jill-biden-fidel-castro-jacqueline-beer/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210214074729/http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2013/05/01/presidente-cubano-raul-castro-lidera-marcha-por-el-primero-de-mayo/,https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/cuba-may-day-parade-2013?agreements=pa%253A114372%252Ced%253A7788&family=editorial&phrase=cuba%2520may%2520day%2520parade%25202013&sort=best,https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-cuba-mayday/on-may-day-cuba-remembers-best-friend-chavez-idUKBRE9400L620130501,https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/good-question-may-day/1872684/,https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article252781053.html,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#75010710031a0735161d10161e0c1a0007131416015b161a18",Does This Photo Show An Anti-Communist Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, -32,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/15/fact-check-south-african-protesters-free-animals-hluhluwe-game-reserve/,Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?,2021-07-15,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?12:23 PM 07/15/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA video shared on Facebook allegedly shows wild dogs and an elephant running freely after being released by protesters from the Hluhluwe Game Reserve in South Africa. Verdict: False The video, which was taken in 2017, actually shows animals running freely in Kruger National Park. The video is unrelated to the ongoing protests in South Africa. Fact Check: The 20-second video shows a police vehicle on a road with several wild dogs, when suddenly an elephant emerges from the brush, chasing some of them away. “Free Zuma protesters free wild animals from the Hluhluwe Game Reserve in Kwazulu Natal by cutting the fence,” reads the video’s caption. At least 72 people have been killed in South Africa from rioting and looting in recent days prompted by the jailing of former South African President Jacob Zuma, CNN reported. Zuma was sentenced to 15 months in prison for contempt after he failed to appear in front of a commission investigating accusations of corruption, according to The New York Times. The Facebook video does not, however, show the actions of protesters. Had South African protesters released wild animals, media outlets certainly would have reported on it, yet none have. Check Your Fact found the same footage posted on YouTube in July 2017, years before Zuma’s jailing, with the title: “Elephant Shows Wild Dogs & the Police Who’s Boss.” The video was posted by the verified YouTube channel Latest Sightings, which posts videos of “authentic wildlife videos coming from around Africa,” according to its “About” section. The footage was shot by  61-year-old Beryl Venter in South Africa’s Kruger National Park, not Hluhluwe Game Reserve, according to the video’s description. (RELATED: Are White South Africans Banned From Receiving Government Aid During The COVID-19 Pandemic?) “We were on our way home from Letaba after a five-week stay in Kruger – feeling very depressed and not expecting any ‘wow’ sightings,” Venter told Latest Sightings. “We were then suddenly very excited to see the wild dogs running around and playing in the road – twenty-one of them. We were the only vehicle at the sighting. We were taking photos as if it was the last ever sighting we would have of wild dogs running around us.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/prince.chokhotho/videos/1972566899569024,https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/13/africa/south-africa-violence-protests-intl/index.html,https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/07/world/africa/jacob-zuma-arrested-south-africa.html,https://www.google.com/search?q=Hluhluwe+Game+Reserve+protesters&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS820US820&ei=4krvYJmLIMmntQbY-42ICw&oq=Hluhluwe+Game+Reserve+protesters&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKABOgUIIRCrAjoCCAA6BQguEMkDOgYIABAWEB46BQgAEIYDOgcIIRAKEKABSgQIQRgAUOoDWKgSYPkSaAFwAngAgAGyAYgB8AuSAQQxLjEymAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwiZhJyDtePxAhXJU80KHdh9A7EQ4dUDCA4&uact=5,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxE43y88XYE,https://www.youtube.com/c/Latestsightings/about,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/05/11/fact-check-white-south-africans-banned-receiving-government-aid-coronavirus-pandemic/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxE43y88XYE,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5530383c392c1531343c392c3634393930273b302226333a203b3134213c3a3b7b3a2732",Did South African Protesters Free Animals From the Hluhluwe Game Reserve?,,,,,, -33,,,,Misleading,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-image-electric-car-cemetery-france/,Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?5:47 PM 07/14/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook over 2,800 times purportedly shows an “electric car cemetery” in France. Verdict: Misleading The image shows abandoned electric cars in China, not France. Fact Check: The viral image shows what appears to be hundreds of the same, small car abandoned in a grassy field. “Electric car cemetery in France,” reads the image’s caption. “Turns out no one wants to buy an electric car once the battery is shot.” The image was not, however, taken in France. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found similar photos featured in an April 2019 article published by Shanghaiist with the headline: “LOOK: Hundreds of electric cars rust away at ‘shared car graveyard’ in Hangzhou.” The article explained the cars belonged to Microcity, a Chinese electric car rental company. Microcity reportedly claimed the cars were still in use despite users saying they were unable to locate nearby vehicles through the app, Abacus reported in March 2019. (RELATED: Did Ocasio-Cortez Tweet About Electric Cars During Hurricane Dorian?) The same images were shared on the Chinese news website NetEase News with captions that also identify the location as Hangzhou, China. Several landmarks in these photos match with those found in the image shared on Facebook, confirming the locations are the same. Hundreds of ride-sharing companies, including Microcity, opened in China in the late 2010s, a phenomenon driven in part by popularity of the industry and the abundance of electric vehicles in China, according to Abacus. Many of these companies faced economic hardship in the following years, the outlet reported. A similar photo showing a field of cars in France previously circulated on Facebook, claiming the cars had been abandoned due to their batteries no longer working. Reuters debunked the claim, saying the abandoned car lot was due to a company’s contract ending, not faulty batteries. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10223203778815102&set=a.10208178033860869&type=3,https://shanghai.ist/2019/04/25/hundreds-of-electric-cars-rust-away-at-shared-car-graveyard-in-hangzhou/,https://shanghai.ist/2019/04/25/hundreds-of-electric-cars-rust-away-at-shared-car-graveyard-in-hangzhou/,https://web.archive.org/web/20210708143817/https://www.scmp.com/abacus/tech/article/3029238/thousands-shared-electric-cars-seen-discarded-hangzhou,https://checkyourfact.com/2019/09/06/fact-check-ocasio-cortez-tweet-electric-cars-hurricane-dorian/,https://news.163.com/photoview/00AP0001/2301292.html?from=ph_ss#p=EDJQ3DBU00AP0001NOS,https://web.archive.org/web/20210708143817/https://www.scmp.com/abacus/tech/article/3029238/thousands-shared-electric-cars-seen-discarded-hangzhou,https://www.facebook.com/michael.sirmon.14/posts/10226449247480924,https://www.facebook.com/thebeachgeek/posts/10159420045734736,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-electric-cars-france/fact-check-electric-cars-taken-off-french-roads-due-to-contract-termination-not-battery-fault-idUSL2N2N60XA,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#62070f0b0e1b2206030b0e1b01030e0e07100c071511040d170c0603160b0d0c4c0d1005",Does This Image Show An ‘Electric Car Cemetery’ In France?,,,,,, -34,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-bobi-wine-secretly-acquire-mansion-boston/,Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?4:24 PM 07/14/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsA post shared on Facebook claims former Ugandan presidential candidate Bobi Wine secretly purchased a mansion in Boston, Massachusetts. Verdict: False There is no evidence Wine owns a mansion in Boston. He was digitally added to the photo, which actually shows a mansion in Tampa, Florida. Fact Check: Wine, a singer-turned-politician, lost the 2021 Ugandan presidential election to long-time President Yoweri Museveni, CNN reported. Wine asserted there was widespread fraud in the election and filed a lawsuit, which he later withdrew, to over-turn Museveni’s victory, according to Al Jazeera. An image on Facebook claims to show Wine standing in front of a mansion he allegedly purchased in Boston. “Uganda’s musician turned politician Robert Kyagulanyi, popularly known as Bobi Wine has bought a luxurious Bungalow, Cottage located in 20 Ford St, Boston, MA 02128 in USA,” reads the image’s caption. The image, however, has been digitally altered. Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the photo of the house without Wine in front of it, on the real estate website Zillow. The home is located in Tampa, Florida, not Boston, and was last sold in 2018, according to its listing. (RELATED: Did The BBC Air This Chyron Reporting Bobi Wine Will Be Sworn In As Uganda’s President?) A search for the address listed in the post turned up a home for sale in Boston. Photos of the house included in the listing show it does not resemble the house in the Facebook post. Check Your Fact searched Suffolk County’s registry of deeds, but found no records of Wine owning property in Boston. Wine was in the city in early July to meet his “diaspora leadership team,” according to a July 3 tweet he posted. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=979867289479058&set=a.219670622165399&type=3,https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/16/africa/uganda-presidential-election-yoweri-museveni-bobi-wine-intl/index.html,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/22/ugandan-opposition-leader-wine-withdraws-poll-result-challenge,https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/4621-Bayshore-Blvd-Tampa-FL-33611/45060772_zpid/,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/04/30/fact-check-bbc-air-chyron-reporting-bobi-wine-ugandas-president/,https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/20-Ford-St_East-Boston_MA_02128_M32320-60133,https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/20-Ford-St_East-Boston_MA_02128_M32320-60133,https://www.masslandrecords.com/Suffolk/,https://twitter.com/HEBobiwine/status/1411280065145540610,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#badfd7d3d6c3fadedbd3d6c3d9dbd6d6dfc8d4dfcdc9dcd5cfd4dedbced3d5d494d5c8dd",Did Bobi Wine ‘Secretly Acquire’ A Mansion In Boston?,,,,,, -35,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-bbc-news-article-radiohead-fans-tuning-new-song/,Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?4:20 PM 07/14/2021Elias Atienza | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows a BBC News article about Radiohead fans being “left red-faced” after mistaking a guitar tuning session for a new song. Facebook/Screenshot Verdict: False There is no record of BBC News publishing this article about Radiohead fans. It appears to have originated from a Twitter account that often posts satirical content. Fact Check: The image shows what looks like a BBC News article that puts up the headline “Radiohead crowd left red-faced after applauding three minute guitar tuning, mistaking it for new song.” Radiohead is a popular British rock band known for songs such as “Creep” and “Karma Police.” The supposed article places the alleged Radiohead fan incident at a Glastonbury Festival. A search of the BBC News website didn’t turn up any articles with titles matching the one in the Facebook post. Unlike stories published online by BBC News, the alleged Radiohead article doesn’t have a byline, indicating it has been fabricated. A BBC spokesperson confirmed to Check Your Fact in an email that it is fake. In 2017, a real BBC News article described Radiohead’s performance at the Glastonbury Festival that year as “absorbing, challenging and achingly beautiful.” (RELATED: Did Kurt Cobain Predict Trump’s Presidency?) The fabricated Radiohead article first went viral back in 2017, according to NME. It appears to have originated from the Twitter account of the London-based flower delivery company Arena Flowers, which tweeted the fake article June 23, 2017. The Twitter account @ArenaFlowers has previously published seemingly satirical fake BBC News articles, including one about singer Ed Sheeran playing on every Glastonbury stage at the same time using mirrors. share on facebook tweet this show commentsElias AtienzaFact Check ReporterFollow Elias on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected].","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1229351607493547&set=gm.570046707494670&type=3&theater,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1229351607493547&set=gm.570046707494670&type=3&theater,https://www.britannica.com/topic/Radiohead,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFkzRNyygfk,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uYWYWPc9HU,https://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/,https://www.bbc.co.uk/search?q=radiohead&page=1,https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40389552,https://checkyourfact.com/2019/04/26/fact-check-kurt-cobain-trumps-president-1993/,https://www.nme.com/news/music/fake-news-story-radiohead-fans-mistaking-guitar-tuning-new-song-goes-viral-2093973,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers/status/878357394476093440,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers,https://www.arenaflowers.com/pages/about-us/,https://twitter.com/ArenaFlowers/status/879067402906066944,https://twitter.com/AtienzaElias,elias@checkyourfact.com",Did BBC News Publish This Article About Radiohead Fans?,,,,,, -36,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-protest-cuba-arab-spring-egypt/,Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?1:08 PM 07/14/2021Ryan King | Contributor share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook allegedly shows anti-government protesters in Cuba on July 12. Verdict: False The image actually shows a 2011 protest in Alexandria, Egypt. Fact Check: Amid widespread anti-government protests in Cuba, social media users have been sharing a photo that shows thousands of people gathered in a street. One such July 12 Facebook post claims in the caption that the picture shows Cubans protesting “today.” However, a closer examination of the photo indicates it does not depict an anti-government demonstration that recently occurred in Cuba. Multiple protesters in the picture appear to be waving flags that resemble those of Egypt, Yemen or Syria rather than Cuba. (RELATED: Image Claims To Show Cuban Farmer Before Being Executed For Refusing To Work For The Castro Regime) Through a reverse image search, Check Your Fact found the picture in a 2012 article from TheJournal.ie that discusses the 2011 Arab Spring uprising in Egypt. The caption for the photo in TheJournal.ie article states it was taken in the Egyptian city of Alexandria in February 2011 and credits it to the Associated Press and Tarek Fawzy. What appears to be a higher resolution version of the photo can be found on AP Images. The caption for the picture on AP Images confirms it was taken in Egypt over a decade ago during an anti-government protest against former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, not during a demonstration in Cuba this month. “Thousands of Egyptian anti-government protesters march in Alexandria, Egypt, Friday, Feb. 11, 2011,” reads the caption. “Mubarak has refused to step down or leave the country, and instead handed his administrative powers to his vice president Omar Suleiman on Thursday, remaining president and ensuring control over the reform process, prompting mass protests by anti-Mubarak demonstrators.” share on facebook tweet this show commentsRyan KingContributor","https://www.facebook.com/303371154019205/posts/549288262760825,https://wsj.com/articles/cuba-protests-whats-happening-11626112390,https://www.facebook.com/303371154019205/posts/549288262760825,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Egypt,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Yemen,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Syria,https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Cuba,https://checkyourfact.com/2020/09/10/fact-check-cuban-farmer-executed-castro-regime/,https://www.thejournal.ie/timeline-one-year-since-egypts-arab-spring-334766-Jan2012/#slide-slideshow15,https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/arab-spring,https://www.thejournal.ie/timeline-one-year-since-egypts-arab-spring-334766-Jan2012/#slide-slideshow15,http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Mideast-Egypt/a989c47b844c4a319ab711ee47f7aa3d/62/0,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hosni-Mubarak,http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Mideast-Egypt/a989c47b844c4a319ab711ee47f7aa3d/62/0",Does This Photo Show A July 12 Protest In Cuba?,,,,,, -37,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/14/fact-check-giant-skeleton-found-thailand/,Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?,2021-07-14,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?10:33 AM 07/14/2021Trevor Schakohl | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Twitter purportedly shows a giant skeleton found in Thailand in 2017. The skeleton of this giant was discovered in November 2017 in a cave in Krabi, Thailand. This was just made public a few months ago. The skeleton appeared to have been battling a large horned serpent upon death. pic.twitter.com/p5u8KEYWGC — Untold Universe (@UniverseUntold) June 13, 2021 Verdict: False The image actually shows an art installation created by a Taiwanese artist. Fact Check: The tweet has garnered over 100 likes as of press time. It features a photo of a woman standing above what appears to be an archeological site in which a giant humanoid skeleton lies with a huge serpentine skeleton wrapped around it. “The skeleton of this giant was discovered in November 2017 in a cave in Krabi, Thailand,” reads the tweet. “This was just made public a few months ago. The skeleton appeared to have been battling a large horned serpent upon death.” Contrary to the tweet’s claim, the picture doesn’t show the actual remains of a giant that died battling a massive snake. Taiwan Today published a similar photo in a November 2018 article, explaining it shows Taiwanese artist Tu Wei-cheng’s “Giant Ruins” art installation for the Thailand Biennale exhibition in Krabi. The skeleton was made of plastic, and the installation received special permission to be set up in the cave, according to Taiwan Today. Another photo of Tu’s skeleton installation can be found on the Taiwanese Ministry of Culture’s website. (RELATED: Did A New York Artist Sell ‘Invisible Art’?) Many of Tu’s works resemble ancient artifacts, as seen in photos on the website of the Taiwanese Tina Keng Gallery. share on facebook tweet this show commentsTrevor SchakohlFact Check ReporterFollow Trevor on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion?  Send ideas to [email protected].","https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://t.co/p5u8KEYWGC,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://twitter.com/UniverseUntold/status/1403908115926560768,https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=18&post=144849,https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=18&post=144849,https://www.moc.gov.tw/en/information_315_94897.html,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/06/22/fact-check-new-york-artist-invisible-art/,https://www.tinakenggallery.com/en//artists/48-/works/,https://twitter.com/tschakohl,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f3878196859c81b3909b9690988a9c868195929087dd909c9e",Does This Image Show A Real Giant Skeleton Found In Thailand?,,,,,, -38,,,,False,,,,checkyourfact,,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/13/fact-check-media-sponsors-ignore-kim-rhode-pro-second-amendment/,Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?,2021-07-13,checkyourfact,,"FACT CHECK: Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?6:35 PM 07/13/2021Brad Sylvester | Fact Check Reporter share on facebook tweet this show commentsAn image shared on Facebook claims the media and sponsors ‘ignored’ six-time Olympian Kim Rhode because she is an outspoken supporter of the Second Amendment. Verdict: False Rhode’s accomplishments were widely covered in the media for more than a decade. She has several sponsors, according to her website. Fact Check: The image shows Kim Rhode, an American double trap and skeet shooter and six-time Olympian, holding a shotgun. “First woman to medal in six straight Olympics media and sponsors ignore her because she is outspoken pro-2A,” reads text included in the image. Rhode won Olympic medals in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016, making her the first female to win medals in six straight Olympics, according to the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee. (RELATED: Did American Runner Shelby Houlihan Test Positive For Marijuana?) Rhode is also an outspoken supporter of the Second Amendment, according to the National Rifle Association (NRA). She served on the NRA board from 2017 to 2020, according to Guns.com, and has spoken out against gun control initiatives in her home state of California on multiple occasions. News outlets and sponsors have not “ignored” Rhode for her stance on the Second Amendment. Rhode’s Olympic achievements have been thoroughly reported on over the years by major media outlets including: The New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times and the Associated Press, among others. Rhode has also made several appearances on national television, such as Today and Fox News @ Night, according to her IMDb page. Her website states she is sponsored by Winchester Ammunition, Beretta USA, the Safari Club International and Truck Vault. In an interview with Time Magazine in August 2016, Rhode did say she believes her outspokenness about gun issues has prevented her from landing mainstream sponsors. She has also said there is a certain “stigma” around her sport because of its association with guns that makes some would-be sponsors wary, The Daily Signal reported. “When you look at the gun debate and the Olympics, there definitely is that stigmatism that’s attached to our sport due to all the negative publicity that guns get,” Rhode told The Daily Signal in 2016. if(dc_showing_ads) { var scr = document.createElement('script'); scr.async= true; scr.src = ""https://get.civicscience.com/jspoll/5/csw-polyfills.js""; document.getElementsByTagName(""body"")[0].appendChild(scr); } Rhode did not qualify for the upcoming Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, NBC Sports reported. share on facebook tweet this show commentsBrad SylvesterFact Check ReporterFollow Brad on Twitter Have a fact check suggestion? Send ideas to [email protected]","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10223851700098579,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://www.teamusa.org/News/2016/August/12/Kim-Rhode-Becomes-First-Woman-To-Medal-At-Six-Straight-Olympic-Games,https://checkyourfact.com/2021/07/09/fact-check-shelby-houlihan-test-positive-marijuana/,https://www.nrawlf.org/our-members/kim-rhode/,https://www.guns.com/news/2017/05/01/olympic-shooting-legend-kim-rhode-elected-to-nra-board,https://time.com/4440102/rio-2016-olympics-shooting-kim-rhode-second-amendment-guns/,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVXdeg6aXFA,https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/rio-2016/2016/08/12/kim-rhode-skeet-shooting/88619694/,https://www.cbssports.com/olympics/news/rio-olympics-american-shooter-kim-rhode-makes-history-with-bronze-medal-win/,https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2019/08/23/kim-rhode/,https://web.archive.org/web/20150526171010/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/24/sports/atlanta-day-5-shooting-17-year-old-turns-clay-pigeons-to-gold.html,https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/kim-rhode-captures-fifth-olympic-medal-in-skeet-shooting/2012/07/29/gJQAjNNpIX_story.html,https://web.archive.org/web/20210226140219/https://www.latimes.com/sports/more/la-sp-rhode-olympics-20160627-snap-story.html,https://apnews.com/article/tokyo-shooting-olympic-games-2020-tokyo-olympics-sports-4e06b0185a33bf6cdd6c872c88ee3f16,https://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2016/07/31/487770855/u-s-olympian-kim-rhode-wants-to-use-her-shot-at-history-to-dispel-stigma,https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1622760/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1,https://kimrhode.wordpress.com/sponsors/,https://winchester.com/,https://www.berettausa.com/en-us/,https://safariclub.org/,https://truckvault.com/,https://time.com/4440102/rio-2016-olympics-shooting-kim-rhode-second-amendment-guns/,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/08/30/olympic-shooter-kim-rhode-talks-gun-control-feminism-and-media-bias/,https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2020/03/09/kim-rhode-shooting-tokyo-olympics/,https://twitter.com/bsylvester31,/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d1b4bcb8bda891b5b0b8bda8b2b0bdbdb4a3bfb4a6a2b7bea4bfb5b0a5b8bebfffbea3b6",Did Media And Sponsors ‘Ignore’ Olympian Kim Rhode Because She Is Pro-Second Amendment?,,,,,, +"" From 80c1a23b904d4d656b3556150e711909a1fe7b5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Wed, 28 Jul 2021 15:14:14 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/13] #15 fix proceeding rating + update example CSV file --- claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py | 289 +++++++++++----------- output_got.csv | 29 ++- output_sample_africacheck.csv | 28 +++ 3 files changed, 205 insertions(+), 141 deletions(-) create mode 100644 output_sample_africacheck.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py index 0359acc..b1cddc3 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py @@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ def get_all_claims(criteria): if 0 < criteria.maxClaims <= len(urls_): break - # https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page= - #url = "https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/" + str(page_number) + "/" url = "https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page=" + str(page_number) try: @@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ def get_all_claims(criteria): soup = BeautifulSoup(page.text, "lxml") soup.prettify() links = soup.findAll("div", {"class": "article-content"}) - #block-mainpagecontent > div > div > div.view-content > div > div:nth-child(1) > div:nth-child(1) > article > div > a > div > article + if (len(links) != 0) or (links != last_page): for anchor in links: anchor = anchor.find('a', href=True) @@ -160,7 +158,7 @@ def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: st urls = self.extract_urls(parsed_listing_page) for page_number in tqdm(range(0, number_of_pages)): # each page 9 articles: - if (((page_number*9)-9) >= self.configuration.maxClaims): + if ((page_number*9) + 18 >= self.configuration.maxClaims): break #url = "https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/" + str(page_number) + "/" url = "https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page=" + str(page_number) @@ -198,39 +196,9 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: global_date_str = "" if date: # global_date_str = search_dates(date['datetime'].split(" ")[0])[0][1].strftime("%Y-%m-%d") - # TODO FASTER without date()! global_date_str = search_dates(date)[0][1].strftime("%Y-%m-%d") claim.set_date(global_date_str) - # rating - global_truth_rating = "" - if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict-stamp"}): - global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict-stamp"}).get_text() - if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict"}): - global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict"}).get_text() - if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}): - global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).get_text() - if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).find('span'): - global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).find( - 'span').get_text() - - # If still no rathing value, try to extract from picture name - if (global_truth_rating == ""): - filename ="" - if parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'article > div > div > div > div > p > img' ): - for child in parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'article > div > div > div > div > p > img' ): - if (hasattr( child, 'src' )): - try: - filename=child['src'] - continue - except KeyError: - print("KeyError: Skip") - - if (filename != ""): - global_truth_rating = filename.split("_")[1].strip(".png") - - claim.set_rating(str(re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9 -]+', '', global_truth_rating)).lower().strip()) - # author author = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "author-details"}) if author: @@ -252,124 +220,164 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: except KeyError: print("KeyError: Skip") - # when there is no json - - # date = parsed_claim_review_page.find("time", {"class": "datetime"}) - #if date: - # claim.set_date(date.get_text()) - - if (url == "https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma"): - print("ws") - + # tags tags = [] for tag in parsed_claim_review_page.findAll('meta', {"property": "article:tag"}): tags.append(tag["content"]) claim.set_tags(", ".join(tags)) - - global_claim_text = "" - report_claim_div = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "report-claim"}) - if report_claim_div: - claim.set_claim(report_claim_div.find("p").get_text()) - else: - claim.set_claim(claim.title) - - inline_ratings = parsed_claim_review_page.findAll("div", {"class", "inline-rating"}) - entry_section = parsed_claim_review_page.find("section", {"class", "entry-content"}) # type: Tag - #block-mainpagecontent > article > div > div.cell.medium-8.article--main > div > div.clearfix.text-formatted.field.field--name-body.field--type-text-with-summary.field--label-hidden.field__item + + # claim + entry_section = parsed_claim_review_page.find("section", {"class", "cell"}) + verdict_box = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class", "article-details__verdict"}) - #block-mainpagecontent > article > div > div.cell.medium-8.article--main > div > div - - entry_section_full_text = entry_section.text - - # There are several claims checked within the page. Common date, author, tags ,etc. - if inline_ratings and len(inline_ratings) > 0: - entry_contents = entry_section.contents # type : List[Tag] - current_index = 0 - - # First we extract the bit of text common to everything until we meed a sub-section - body_text, links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, current_index) - claim.set_body(body_text) - claim.set_refered_links(links) - - while current_index < len(entry_contents): - current_index = forward_until_inline_rating(entry_contents, current_index) - inline_rating_div = entry_contents[current_index] - if isinstance(inline_rating_div, NavigableString): - break - claim_text = inline_rating_div.find("p", {"class": "claim-content"}).text - inline_rating = inline_rating_div.find("div", {"class", "indicator"}).find("span").text - previous_current_index = current_index - inline_body_text, inline_links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, - current_index) - if previous_current_index == current_index: - current_index += 1 - inline_claim = Claim() - inline_claim.set_source("africacheck") - inline_claim.set_claim(claim_text) - inline_claim.set_rating(inline_rating) - inline_claim.set_refered_links(",".join(inline_links)) - inline_claim.set_body(inline_body_text) - inline_claim.set_tags(", ".join(tags)) - inline_claim.set_date(global_date_str) - inline_claim.set_url(url) - if author: - inline_claim.set_author(author.get_text()) - inline_claim.set_title(global_title_text) - - local_claims.append(inline_claim) - elif "PROMISE:" in entry_section_full_text and "VERDICT:" in entry_section_full_text: - entry_contents = entry_section.contents # type : List[Tag] - current_index = 0 - - # First we extract the bit of text common to everything until we meed a sub-section - body_text, links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, current_index) - claim.set_body(body_text) - claim.set_refered_links(links) - - while current_index < len(entry_contents): - inline_rating_div = entry_contents[current_index] - if isinstance(inline_rating_div, NavigableString): - break - claim_text = entry_contents[current_index + 2].span.text - inline_rating = entry_contents[current_index + 4].span.text - current_index += 5 - previous_current_index = current_index - inline_body_text, inline_links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, - current_index) - if previous_current_index == current_index: - current_index += 1 - inline_claim = Claim() - inline_claim.set_source("africacheck") - inline_claim.set_claim(claim_text) - inline_claim.set_rating(inline_rating) - inline_claim.set_refered_links(",".join(inline_links)) - inline_claim.set_body(inline_body_text) - inline_claim.set_tags(", ".join(tags)) - inline_claim.set_date(global_date_str) - inline_claim.set_url(url) - if author: - inline_claim.set_author(author.get_text()) - inline_claim.set_title(global_title_text) - - local_claims.append(inline_claim) + if verdict_box and len(verdict_box) > 0 and "Verdict" in verdict_box.text: + report_claim_div = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "field--name-field-claims"}) + if report_claim_div: + claim.set_claim(report_claim_div.get_text()) + else: + claim.set_claim(claim.title) + + # rating + inline_ratings = parsed_claim_review_page.findAll("div", {"class", "rating"}) + if inline_ratings: + if (hasattr( inline_ratings[0], 'class')): + try: + if ('class' in inline_ratings[0].attrs): + if (inline_ratings[0].attrs['class'][1]): + rating_tmp = inline_ratings[0].attrs['class'][1] + claim.rating = rating_tmp.replace('rating--','').replace("-","").capitalize() + except KeyError: + print("KeyError: Skip") else: - # body - body = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"id": "main"}) - claim.set_body(body.get_text()) - # related links - divTag = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"id": "main"}) - related_links = [] - for link in divTag.findAll('a', href=True): - related_links.append(link['href']) - claim.set_refered_links(",".join(related_links)) + # alternative rating (If there is no article--aside box with verdict) + global_truth_rating = "" + if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict-stamp"}): + global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict-stamp"}).get_text() + if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict"}): + global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict"}).get_text() + if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}): + global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).get_text() + if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).find('span'): + global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).find( + 'span').get_text() + + #if (url == "https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/beware-details-viral-message-about-discovery-health-and-oxygen-tanks-covid-19"): + # print("ws") + + # If still no rathing value, try to extract from picture name + if (global_truth_rating == ""): + filename ="" + if parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'div.hero__image > picture' ): + for child in parsed_claim_review_page.select( 'div.hero__image > picture' ): + # child.contents[1].attrs['srcset'] + if (hasattr( child, 'contents' )): + try: + filename=child.contents[1].attrs['srcset'] + continue + except KeyError: + print("KeyError: Skip") + + if (filename != ""): + filename_split = filename.split("/") + filename_split = filename_split[len(filename_split)-1].split(".png") + filename_split = filename_split[0].split("_") + if len(filename_split) == 1: + global_truth_rating = filename_split[0] + else: + global_truth_rating = filename_split[len(filename_split)-1] + + #global_truth_rating = filename_split[0] + + claim.set_rating(str(re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9 -]+', '', global_truth_rating)).lower().strip().replace("pfalse","false").replace("-","").capitalize()) + + if (not self.rating_value_is_valid(claim.rating)): + print ("\nURL: " + url) + print ("\n Rating:" + claim.rating) + claim.rating = "" + + ########### + + # # There are several claims checked within the page. Common date, author, tags ,etc. + # if inline_ratings and len(inline_ratings) > 0: + # entry_contents = entry_section.contents # type : List[Tag] + # current_index = 0 + + # # First we extract the bit of text common to everything until we meed a sub-section + # body_text, links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, current_index) + # claim.set_body(body_text) + # claim.set_refered_links(links) + + # while current_index < len(entry_contents): + # current_index = forward_until_inline_rating(entry_contents, current_index) + # inline_rating_div = entry_contents[current_index] + # if isinstance(inline_rating_div, NavigableString): + # break + # claim_text = inline_rating_div.find("p", {"class": "claim-content"}).text + # inline_rating = inline_rating_div.find("div", {"class", "indicator"}).find("span").text + # previous_current_index = current_index + # inline_body_text, inline_links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, + # current_index) + # if previous_current_index == current_index: + # current_index += 1 + # inline_claim = Claim() + # inline_claim.set_source("africacheck") + # inline_claim.set_claim(claim_text) + # inline_claim.set_rating(inline_rating) + # inline_claim.set_refered_links(",".join(inline_links)) + # inline_claim.set_body(inline_body_text) + # inline_claim.set_tags(", ".join(tags)) + # inline_claim.set_date(global_date_str) + # inline_claim.set_url(url) + # if author: + # inline_claim.set_author(author.get_text()) + # inline_claim.set_title(global_title_text) + + # local_claims.append(inline_claim) + - local_claims.append(claim) + # body + body = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "article--main"}) + claim.set_body(body.get_text()) - return local_claims + # related links + related_links = [] + for link in body.findAll('a', href=True): + related_links.append(link['href']) + claim.related_links = related_links + # local_claims.append(claim) + # return local_claims + if claim.rating: + return [claim] + else: + return [] + + def rating_value_is_valid(self, rating_value: str) -> str: + dictionary = { + "Correct": "1", + "Mostlycorrect": "1", + "Unproven": "1", + "Misleading": "1", + "Exaggerated": "1", + "Understated": "1", + "Incorrect": "1", + "Checked": "1", + "True": "1", + "False": "1", + "Partlyfalse": "1", + "Partlytrue": "1", + "Fake": "1", + "Scam": "1", + "Satire": "1" + } + + if rating_value in dictionary: + return dictionary[rating_value] + else: + return "" def get_text_and_links_until_next_header(contents: List[Tag], current_index) -> (Tag, List[str], int): links = [] # type : List[str] @@ -407,3 +415,4 @@ def forward_until_inline_rating(contents: List[Tag], current_index) -> int: div_rating = current_element.find("div", {"class", "inline-rating"}) return current_index + diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index e16c76d..1955535 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1 +1,28 @@ -"" +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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+1,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" +2,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" +3,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" +4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" +5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" +6,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" +7,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" +8,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" +9,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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+10,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" +11,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" +12,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" +13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" +14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" +15,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" +16,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" +17,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" +18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.",,Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,l,o,r,i,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,c,o,m,b,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,f,r,u,i,t,-,a,n,d,-,s,p,i,c,e,s,-,w,o,n,t,-,b,o,o,s,t,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,m,i,x,t,u,r,e,-,b,i,t,t,e,r,-,k,o,l,a,-,p,o,w,d,e,r,-,h,o,n,e,y,-,a,n,d,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,n,o,-,c,u,r,e,-,l,o,w,-,o,r,-,n,o,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t" +19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.",,Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,.,o,r,g,/,y,o,u,r,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,g,l,a,n,d,s,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,-,a,-,t,o,-,z,/,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,i,n,s,u,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,2,4,5,2,3,1,6,X,1,7,3,0,0,8,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,h,y,t,o,j,o,u,r,n,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,s,/,2,0,1,6,/,v,o,l,5,i,s,s,u,e,3,/,P,a,r,t,A,/,5,-,2,-,2,1,-,5,1,8,.,p,d,f,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,b,e,n,.,e,d,u,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,/,b,a,s,i,c,s,/,t,y,p,e,2,.,h,t,m,l" +20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.",,Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,8,1,0,7,3,5,4,0,5,7,7,6,9,1,&,i,d,=,1,0,5,0,2,3,6,2,4,8,4,9,3,5,0,&,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,0,Y,H,H,6,b,w,R,B,X,e,-,T,m,5,2,Z,x,F,F,Y,V,t,N,i,2,4,2,-,B,s,0,Z,K,o,Z,n,9,0,_,q,Y,y,P,b,q,X,S,j,t,N,r,H,M,e,m,T,g,l,J,b,0,A,S,i,c,t,B,n,U,G,2,Y,F,1,y,p,V,p,m,O,Z,l,p,f,L,C,l,t,D,Q,j,2,T,q,I,R,Z,t,O,v,7,U,S,b,2,B,a,Z,w,a,M,W,F,M,G,g,N,h,M,b,i,_,F,V,I,h,f,V,4,s,P,X,6,K,i,f,v,X,u,m,Z,q,x,Y,T,9,f,p,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,2,0,8,9,5,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,c,h,i,e,f,-,o,f,-,a,r,m,y,-,s,t,a,f,f,-,l,t,-,g,e,n,-,i,b,r,a,h,i,m,-,a,t,t,a,h,i,r,u,-,d,i,e,s,-,i,n,-,a,i,r,-,c,r,a,s,h,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,3,7,8,5,2,-,e,x,c,l,u,s,i,v,e,-,1,2,7,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,e,d,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,q,2,-,o,f,-,2,0,2,0,-,r,e,p,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,d,a,i,l,y,t,r,u,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,q,u,i,t,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,1,-,y,e,a,r,-,r,e,p,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,H,Q,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,A,r,m,y" +21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.",,"No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,k,u,l,u,.,g,o,.,t,z,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,i,k,u,l,u,.,m,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,I,k,u,l,u,-,M,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,-,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,m,2,B,-,o,-,K,7,n,t,s,m,7,I,N,5,C,y,5,w,_,2,6,G,O,S,i,Z,R,C,h,e,T,S,p,_,F,Z,v,K,4,J,s,V,H,s,l,r,y,i,c,D,j,S,a,r,N,S,8,U,6,F,g,z,4,H,o,z,X,k,-,_,L,K,i,w,I,E,w,R,D,X,W,r,y,Z,2,A,K,N,N,_,Q,N,A,r,c,P,C,F,C,F,4,Y,a,V,j,H,m,Q,O,u,G,z,_,5,X,q,-,M,Q,1,q,-,O,y,0,H,3,U,y,0,s,M,F,p,b,E,C,C,w,q,z,B,z,0,D,8,j,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,-,U,C,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9" +22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.",,"Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,a,s,h,i,n,g,t,o,n,p,o,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,3,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,z,u,m,a,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,v,i,o,l,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,6,5,0,5,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,b,e,w,a,r,e,-,y,o,u,-,s,h,a,r,e,-,t,h,e,s,e,-,s,h,u,t,d,o,w,n,s,a,-,v,i,d,e,o,s,-,a,r,e,-,m,i,s,l,e,a,d,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,U,l,u,n,d,i,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,4,m,2,!,3,m,1,!,1,s,0,x,1,e,f,0,6,3,6,c,8,6,b,2,2,0,c,3,:,0,x,c,b,1,d,d,6,6,c,5,0,c,6,9,7,4,d,?,s,a,=,X,&,v,e,d,=,2,a,h,U,K,E,w,i,W,i,K,n,D,5,f,j,x,A,h,X,3,Q,U,E,A,H,Z,W,1,A,x,s,Q,8,g,E,w,J,H,o,E,C,F,M,Q,A,Q,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,1,8,1,1,,,3,1,.,4,2,9,1,3,9,5,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,2,2,5,.,2,6,h,,,8,3,.,3,3,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,7,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,5,!,1,s,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,!,2,e,0,!,6,s,h,t,t,p,s,:,%,2,F,%,2,F,s,t,r,e,e,t,v,i,e,w,p,i,x,e,l,s,-,p,a,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,a,p,i,s,.,c,o,m,%,2,F,v,1,%,2,F,t,h,u,m,b,n,a,i,l,%,3,F,p,a,n,o,i,d,%,3,D,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,%,2,6,c,b,_,c,l,i,e,n,t,%,3,D,m,a,p,s,_,s,v,.,t,a,c,t,i,l,e,.,g,p,s,%,2,6,w,%,3,D,2,0,3,%,2,6,h,%,3,D,1,0,0,%,2,6,y,a,w,%,3,D,3,0,4,.,4,8,0,2,2,%,2,6,p,i,t,c,h,%,3,D,0,%,2,6,t,h,u,m,b,f,o,v,%,3,D,1,0,0,!,7,i,1,3,3,1,2,!,8,i,6,6,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,4,6,5,2,,,3,1,.,4,2,8,1,4,8,4,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,2,4,6,0,3,,,3,1,.,4,2,5,2,6,2,3,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,l,u,n,d,i,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,m,m" +23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.",,"No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,r,u,t,h,.,s,u,o,w,a,r,i,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,4,1,8,7,5,0,1,6,2,5,8,7,5,2,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,o,e,m,o,s,i,s,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,1,1,6,8,6,6,3,4,0,0,3,1,3,2,3,6,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,m,b,o,k,a,z,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,4,8,4,1,5,8,0,2,0,5,3,0,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,p,e,e,c,h,e,s,/,m,e,c,-,n,o,m,a,g,u,g,u,-,s,i,m,e,l,a,n,e,-,w,e,l,c,o,m,e,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,a,l,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,C,m,a,g,n,e,t,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,D,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,h,o,a,x,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,i,m,m,u,n,i,z,a,t,i,o,n,-,w,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,?,t,o,p,i,c,s,u,r,v,e,y,=,),&,g,c,l,i,d,=,C,j,w,K,C,A,j,w,r,u,S,H,B,h,A,t,E,i,w,A,_,q,C,p,p,k,x,j,3,N,W,U,i,M,N,Q,3,b,e,3,9,D,V,5,y,P,f,Z,1,9,F,0,O,0,Y,r,B,_,N,q,n,0,Z,l,4,w,7,r,s,n,2,q,R,5,9,3,9,R,o,C,v,b,E,Q,A,v,D,_,B,w,E,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,4,1,4,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,6,3,8,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,6,3,0,5,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,/,2,0,1,9,-,n,c,o,v,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,/,f,a,c,t,s,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,i,d,U,S,L,2,N,2,N,4,1,K,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,d,e,s,k,.,o,r,g,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,w,e,-,k,n,o,w,-,a,b,o,u,t,-,t,h,e,-,p,f,i,z,e,r,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,a,n,d,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,s,a,t,o,d,a,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,1,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,r,e,n,t,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,7,6,9,8,5,5,6,0,0,2,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,j,a,c,a,r,a,n,d,a,f,m,.,c,o,m,/,s,h,o,w,s,/,m,o,r,n,i,n,g,s,-,w,i,t,h,-,m,a,c,k,/,w,a,t,c,h,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,w,o,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,-,y,o,u,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4" +24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.",,State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, 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+25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.",,No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,k,e,n,y,a,p,o,l,i,t,f,o,r,u,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,2,8,7,1,8,7,9,8,5,6,4,4,4,1,1,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,u,l,s,e,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,l,o,c,a,l,/,j,u,b,i,l,e,e,-,p,a,r,t,y,s,-,m,e,s,s,a,g,e,-,t,o,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,t,a,k,i,n,g,-,o,v,e,r,-,a,s,-,a,c,t,i,n,g,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,/,3,h,5,j,g,g,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,u,s,i,n,e,s,s,d,a,i,l,y,a,f,r,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,d,/,l,i,f,e,s,t,y,l,e,/,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,s,t,r,a,i,g,h,t,-,s,h,o,o,t,e,r,-,n,o,-,h,o,s,t,a,g,e,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,s,t,r,e,e,t,-,n,a,m,e,-,3,4,2,5,6,4,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,o,t,u,-,k,e,n,y,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,r,o,a,d,-,s,i,g,n,-,i,n,-,k,i,l,e,l,e,s,h,w,a,-,b,u,r,n,t,-,d,o,w,n,-,1,1,9,3,2,7,0,8,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,e,n,t,e,r,t,a,i,n,m,e,n,t,/,n,a,i,n,o,t,e,p,a,d,/,2,0,0,1,3,0,8,3,3,6,/,d,a,v,i,d,-,m,u,r,a,t,h,e,-,t,h,e,-,c,h,i,e,f,-,c,h,e,f,-,i,n,-,u,h,u,r,u,s,-,k,i,t,c,h,e,n,-,c,a,b,i,n,e,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,M,i,k,e,S,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,s,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,2,0,0,1,3,9,7,6,5,7,/,i,t,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,f,o,r,-,s,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,k,e,n,y,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,2,1,9,5,4,5,1,1,6,0,8,1,7,5,0,&,s,e,t,=,b,c,.,A,b,o,0,I,S,O,g,d,B,j,L,R,J,s,p,5,p,Z,m,V,g,W,q,u,S,o,i,l,J,F,5,a,q,w,B,g,A,h,8,v,V,r,E,w,N,6,T,q,i,P,j,Z,Q,m,E,-,i,e,Y,H,5,4,Q,s,b,c,8,z,q,3,C,R,5,X,o,O,N,V,i,c,D,S,S,r,c,j,s,N,Q,M,G,9,S,G,m,p,2,2,T,E,E,P,x,c,5,Y,U,8,7,w,4,K,c,g,z,j,8,O,3,c,Q,u,3,5,A,h,V,d,h,2,j,Y,p,V,Y,M,5,Y,Z,U,r,D,5,X,l,j,-,4,b,L,r,S,_,0,n,y,H,s,g,s,Q,l,o,5,j,h,q,7,N,b,9,B,e,G,C,E,J,9,9,j,q,X,L,U,A,3,x,t,t,j,W,p,S,a,x,r,R,g,f,Y,T,n,h,a,_,v,i,n,z,b,p,2,f,H,0,N,H,5,g,H,P,M,I,Y,4,A,n,r,X,5,Q,T,J,R,I,s,9,4,Y,T,u,K,r,V,o,y,j,y,i,e,D,k,D,7,J,L,o,C,D,Q,F,Y,A,y,3,k,a,l,n,C,n,2,F,k,I,g,M,a,9,q,J,w,s,F,6,W,I,W,7,5,t,j,z,q,s,J,H,a,4,8,d,S,-,x,Y,v,B,u,D,-,-,u,G,q,c,v,a,Z,7,V,1,8,r,j,V,p,V,R,w,R,M,1,U,e,p,y,0,e,J,V,X,X,k,D,t,Y,B,C,H,v,4,e,S,9,X,G,F,B,6,Y,E,D,W,d,n,C,z,S,X,t,N,D,f,c,R,V,6,m,0,q,F,j,e,P,u,M,&,o,p,a,q,u,e,C,u,r,s,o,r,=,A,b,p,y,S,r,K,d,z,k,X,n,O,L,a,M,M,m,f,8,X,W,M,h,r,G,t,d,J,s,2,N,o,t,E,y,4,b,P,w,n,k,o,r,w,a,9,1,N,9,R,l,m,W,Y,5,U,b,a,v,8,i,r,i,a,B,E,k,f,X,T,M,J,N,p,_,I,M,T,L,m,O,P,X,g,K,b,f,7,l,9,X,B,-,x,j,A,V,z,d,N,o,0,p,c,0,4,V,M,N,_,q,p,G,T,2,E,i,w,c,h,a,d,F,Q,J,0,I,D,e,5,5,-,q,W,U,j,v,V,j,b,t,O,k,u,A,9,2,R,n,m,M,2,U,Y,h,y,W,b,4,v,_,u,-,c,3,N,z,t,Q,3,K,V,u,i,L,E,_,h,U,t,A,6,j,3,a,X,T,E,p,3,E,f,G,9,H,u,z,Z,m,7,K,I,7,Z,n,N,1,g,L,v,O,z,J,h,Y,_,K,1,w,3,X,2,0,s,V,W,y,i,B,e,E,p,c,t,q,V,R,R,1,X,4,1,2,c,-,i,C,O,x,k,y,u,a,W,P,l,2,X,0,g,c,C,p,8,j,E,U,j,T,t,4,L,b,Y,a,7,d,2,2,I,U,u,0,N,4,1,G,V,U,Q,C,e,x,p,k,l,Q,o,I,k,_,S,S,z,s,3,5,C,y,8,q,B,7,u,d,X,R,e,m,I,J,l,M,_,5,J,w,S,I,a,2,R,v,Y,0,s,1,u,D,L,x,A,g,z,U,6,t,X,a,E,A,v,I,q,A,K,h,U,J,M,4,H,5,3,c,o,G,m,r,2,g,Z,h,V,1,M,u,Z,N,L,h,E,7,J,Z,A,P,w,n,Q,U,Q,s,x,D,9,Z,S,W,F,F,p,b,A,F,t,z,m,A,k,1,H,t,5,x,F,3,K,4,_,S,s,P,c,8,2,h,x,W,I,i,a,M,y,w,0,P,N,t,_,z,T,7,g,Q,w,P,V,M,C,W,o,k,t,J,R,O,L,N,O,q,G,O,m,g,y,m,N,6,h,S,A,z,L,c,q,m,K,G,d,V,S,3,t,Y,D,7,e,j,F,B,h,I,Y,J,5,A,5,8,U,x,3,t,j,j,2,L,8,c,s,U,2,S,j,6,k,9,G,h,O,j,_,5,p,u,B,6,k,A,C,T,e,w,y,1,q,o,h,z,E,y,M,Y,r,E,X,A,Y,M,5,d,i,z,x,_,_,o,C,9,6,h,f,5,Y,U,L,j,H,Q,q,f,0,T,2,F,Y,G,Y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,6,1,7,6,0,5,4,3,9,0,7,3,8,6,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,2,2,6,0,0,8,6,9,7,4,8,2,5,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,1,0,1,5,9,8,2,3,7,7,1,3,1,9,4,9,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,?,r,e,f,_,s,r,c,=,t,w,s,r,c,%,5,E,t,f,w,%,7,C,t,w,c,a,m,p,%,5,E,e,m,b,e,d,d,e,d,t,i,m,e,l,i,n,e,%,7,C,t,w,t,e,r,m,%,5,E,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,%,3,A,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,%,7,C,t,w,g,r,%,5,E,e,y,J,0,Z,n,d,f,Z,X,h,w,Z,X,J,p,b,W,V,u,d,H,N,f,Y,2,9,v,a,2,l,l,X,2,V,4,c,G,l,y,Y,X,R,p,b,2,4,i,O,n,s,i,Y,n,V,j,a,2,V,0,I,j,o,x,M,j,A,5,N,j,A,w,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,2,h,v,c,m,l,6,b,2,5,f,d,H,d,l,Z,X,R,f,Z,W,1,i,Z,W,R,f,O,T,U,1,N,S,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,o,d,G,U,i,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,3,R,3,Z,W,V,0,X,2,V,t,Y,m,V,k,X,2,N,s,a,W,N,r,Y,W,J,p,b,G,l,0,e,V,8,x,M,j,E,w,M,i,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,j,b,2,5,0,c,m,9,s,I,i,w,i,d,m,V,y,c,2,l,v,b,i,I,6,b,n,V,s,b,H,1,9,&,r,e,f,_,u,r,l,=,h,t,t,p,s,%,3,A,%,2,F,%,2,F,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,%,2,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,5,1,7,0,3,9,7,3,6,9,2,8,2,5,6,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1" +26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.",,"No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,V,l,a,d,i,m,i,r,-,P,u,t,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,S,o,c,h,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,9,C,2,h,a,i,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,2,C,0,h,3,2,C,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,q,K,k,h,l,J,_,/,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,a,r,c,h,v,i,z,u,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,.,a,f,p,.,c,o,m,/,p,i,c,t,u,r,e,-,s,h,o,w,s,-,d,e,s,i,g,n,-,c,o,n,c,e,p,t,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,c,r,e,a,t,e,d,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,b,a,s,e,d,-,a,r,c,h,i,t,e,c,t,?,f,b,c,l,i,d,=,I,w,A,R,1,m,z,H,U,2,h,p,d,6,K,U,O,B,w,X,i,E,v,1,P,D,M,1,x,t,h,1,q,m,9,d,b,N,N,A,G,f,v,W,K,Z,i,b,c,-,N,t,C,Q,S,B,y,Z,X,Q,U,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,e,w,s,w,e,e,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,d,e,n,i,e,s,-,n,a,v,a,l,n,y,-,b,l,a,c,k,-,s,e,a,-,p,a,l,a,c,e,-,e,x,p,o,s,e,-,1,5,6,4,2,2,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,y,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,1,2,/,1,3,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,e,u,r,o,p,e,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,s,o,c,h,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,f,e,r,l,.,o,r,g,/,a,/,2,4,6,9,0,5,4,3,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,u,s,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,p,u,t,i,n,-,i,d,U,S,K,B,N,2,3,N,3,B,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,e,c,h,n,o,l,o,g,y,/,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,d,e,o,/,1,7,9,9,0,7,/,O,v,e,r,v,i,e,w,-,K,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,l,o,b,a,l,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,n,/,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,1,2,1,0,1,2,1,.,s,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,8,/,0,6,/,t,h,e,r,e,s,-,m,o,r,e,-,t,o,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,t,h,a,n,-,p,u,t,i,n,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,m,o,s,c,o,w,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,4,/,0,1,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,w,o,r,k,i,n,g,-,r,e,m,o,t,e,l,y,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,m,e,e,t,i,n,g,-,i,n,f,e,c,t,e,d,-,d,o,c,t,o,r,-,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,s,a,y,s,-,a,6,9,8,2,6" diff --git a/output_sample_africacheck.csv b/output_sample_africacheck.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1955535 --- /dev/null +++ b/output_sample_africacheck.csv @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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+1,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" +2,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" +3,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" +4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" +5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" +6,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" +7,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" +8,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" +9,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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+10,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" +11,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" +12,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" +13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" +14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" +15,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" +16,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" +17,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" +18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.",,Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,l,o,r,i,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,c,o,m,b,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,f,r,u,i,t,-,a,n,d,-,s,p,i,c,e,s,-,w,o,n,t,-,b,o,o,s,t,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,m,i,x,t,u,r,e,-,b,i,t,t,e,r,-,k,o,l,a,-,p,o,w,d,e,r,-,h,o,n,e,y,-,a,n,d,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,n,o,-,c,u,r,e,-,l,o,w,-,o,r,-,n,o,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t" +19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.",,Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,.,o,r,g,/,y,o,u,r,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,g,l,a,n,d,s,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,-,a,-,t,o,-,z,/,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,i,n,s,u,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,2,4,5,2,3,1,6,X,1,7,3,0,0,8,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,h,y,t,o,j,o,u,r,n,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,s,/,2,0,1,6,/,v,o,l,5,i,s,s,u,e,3,/,P,a,r,t,A,/,5,-,2,-,2,1,-,5,1,8,.,p,d,f,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,b,e,n,.,e,d,u,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,/,b,a,s,i,c,s,/,t,y,p,e,2,.,h,t,m,l" +20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.",,Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,8,1,0,7,3,5,4,0,5,7,7,6,9,1,&,i,d,=,1,0,5,0,2,3,6,2,4,8,4,9,3,5,0,&,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,0,Y,H,H,6,b,w,R,B,X,e,-,T,m,5,2,Z,x,F,F,Y,V,t,N,i,2,4,2,-,B,s,0,Z,K,o,Z,n,9,0,_,q,Y,y,P,b,q,X,S,j,t,N,r,H,M,e,m,T,g,l,J,b,0,A,S,i,c,t,B,n,U,G,2,Y,F,1,y,p,V,p,m,O,Z,l,p,f,L,C,l,t,D,Q,j,2,T,q,I,R,Z,t,O,v,7,U,S,b,2,B,a,Z,w,a,M,W,F,M,G,g,N,h,M,b,i,_,F,V,I,h,f,V,4,s,P,X,6,K,i,f,v,X,u,m,Z,q,x,Y,T,9,f,p,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,2,0,8,9,5,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,c,h,i,e,f,-,o,f,-,a,r,m,y,-,s,t,a,f,f,-,l,t,-,g,e,n,-,i,b,r,a,h,i,m,-,a,t,t,a,h,i,r,u,-,d,i,e,s,-,i,n,-,a,i,r,-,c,r,a,s,h,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,3,7,8,5,2,-,e,x,c,l,u,s,i,v,e,-,1,2,7,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,e,d,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,q,2,-,o,f,-,2,0,2,0,-,r,e,p,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,d,a,i,l,y,t,r,u,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,q,u,i,t,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,1,-,y,e,a,r,-,r,e,p,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,H,Q,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,A,r,m,y" +21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.",,"No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,k,u,l,u,.,g,o,.,t,z,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,i,k,u,l,u,.,m,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,I,k,u,l,u,-,M,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,-,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,m,2,B,-,o,-,K,7,n,t,s,m,7,I,N,5,C,y,5,w,_,2,6,G,O,S,i,Z,R,C,h,e,T,S,p,_,F,Z,v,K,4,J,s,V,H,s,l,r,y,i,c,D,j,S,a,r,N,S,8,U,6,F,g,z,4,H,o,z,X,k,-,_,L,K,i,w,I,E,w,R,D,X,W,r,y,Z,2,A,K,N,N,_,Q,N,A,r,c,P,C,F,C,F,4,Y,a,V,j,H,m,Q,O,u,G,z,_,5,X,q,-,M,Q,1,q,-,O,y,0,H,3,U,y,0,s,M,F,p,b,E,C,C,w,q,z,B,z,0,D,8,j,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,-,U,C,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9" +22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.",,"Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,a,s,h,i,n,g,t,o,n,p,o,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,3,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,z,u,m,a,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,v,i,o,l,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,6,5,0,5,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,b,e,w,a,r,e,-,y,o,u,-,s,h,a,r,e,-,t,h,e,s,e,-,s,h,u,t,d,o,w,n,s,a,-,v,i,d,e,o,s,-,a,r,e,-,m,i,s,l,e,a,d,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,U,l,u,n,d,i,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,4,m,2,!,3,m,1,!,1,s,0,x,1,e,f,0,6,3,6,c,8,6,b,2,2,0,c,3,:,0,x,c,b,1,d,d,6,6,c,5,0,c,6,9,7,4,d,?,s,a,=,X,&,v,e,d,=,2,a,h,U,K,E,w,i,W,i,K,n,D,5,f,j,x,A,h,X,3,Q,U,E,A,H,Z,W,1,A,x,s,Q,8,g,E,w,J,H,o,E,C,F,M,Q,A,Q,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,1,8,1,1,,,3,1,.,4,2,9,1,3,9,5,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,2,2,5,.,2,6,h,,,8,3,.,3,3,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,7,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,5,!,1,s,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,!,2,e,0,!,6,s,h,t,t,p,s,:,%,2,F,%,2,F,s,t,r,e,e,t,v,i,e,w,p,i,x,e,l,s,-,p,a,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,a,p,i,s,.,c,o,m,%,2,F,v,1,%,2,F,t,h,u,m,b,n,a,i,l,%,3,F,p,a,n,o,i,d,%,3,D,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,%,2,6,c,b,_,c,l,i,e,n,t,%,3,D,m,a,p,s,_,s,v,.,t,a,c,t,i,l,e,.,g,p,s,%,2,6,w,%,3,D,2,0,3,%,2,6,h,%,3,D,1,0,0,%,2,6,y,a,w,%,3,D,3,0,4,.,4,8,0,2,2,%,2,6,p,i,t,c,h,%,3,D,0,%,2,6,t,h,u,m,b,f,o,v,%,3,D,1,0,0,!,7,i,1,3,3,1,2,!,8,i,6,6,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,4,6,5,2,,,3,1,.,4,2,8,1,4,8,4,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,2,4,6,0,3,,,3,1,.,4,2,5,2,6,2,3,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,l,u,n,d,i,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,m,m" +23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.",,"No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,r,u,t,h,.,s,u,o,w,a,r,i,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,4,1,8,7,5,0,1,6,2,5,8,7,5,2,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,o,e,m,o,s,i,s,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,1,1,6,8,6,6,3,4,0,0,3,1,3,2,3,6,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,m,b,o,k,a,z,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,4,8,4,1,5,8,0,2,0,5,3,0,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,p,e,e,c,h,e,s,/,m,e,c,-,n,o,m,a,g,u,g,u,-,s,i,m,e,l,a,n,e,-,w,e,l,c,o,m,e,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,a,l,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,C,m,a,g,n,e,t,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,D,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,h,o,a,x,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,i,m,m,u,n,i,z,a,t,i,o,n,-,w,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,?,t,o,p,i,c,s,u,r,v,e,y,=,),&,g,c,l,i,d,=,C,j,w,K,C,A,j,w,r,u,S,H,B,h,A,t,E,i,w,A,_,q,C,p,p,k,x,j,3,N,W,U,i,M,N,Q,3,b,e,3,9,D,V,5,y,P,f,Z,1,9,F,0,O,0,Y,r,B,_,N,q,n,0,Z,l,4,w,7,r,s,n,2,q,R,5,9,3,9,R,o,C,v,b,E,Q,A,v,D,_,B,w,E,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,4,1,4,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,6,3,8,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,6,3,0,5,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,/,2,0,1,9,-,n,c,o,v,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,/,f,a,c,t,s,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,i,d,U,S,L,2,N,2,N,4,1,K,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,d,e,s,k,.,o,r,g,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,w,e,-,k,n,o,w,-,a,b,o,u,t,-,t,h,e,-,p,f,i,z,e,r,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,a,n,d,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,s,a,t,o,d,a,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,1,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,r,e,n,t,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,7,6,9,8,5,5,6,0,0,2,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,j,a,c,a,r,a,n,d,a,f,m,.,c,o,m,/,s,h,o,w,s,/,m,o,r,n,i,n,g,s,-,w,i,t,h,-,m,a,c,k,/,w,a,t,c,h,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,w,o,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,-,y,o,u,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4" +24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.",,State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, 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+25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.",,No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,k,e,n,y,a,p,o,l,i,t,f,o,r,u,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,2,8,7,1,8,7,9,8,5,6,4,4,4,1,1,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,u,l,s,e,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,l,o,c,a,l,/,j,u,b,i,l,e,e,-,p,a,r,t,y,s,-,m,e,s,s,a,g,e,-,t,o,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,t,a,k,i,n,g,-,o,v,e,r,-,a,s,-,a,c,t,i,n,g,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,/,3,h,5,j,g,g,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,u,s,i,n,e,s,s,d,a,i,l,y,a,f,r,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,d,/,l,i,f,e,s,t,y,l,e,/,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,s,t,r,a,i,g,h,t,-,s,h,o,o,t,e,r,-,n,o,-,h,o,s,t,a,g,e,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,s,t,r,e,e,t,-,n,a,m,e,-,3,4,2,5,6,4,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,o,t,u,-,k,e,n,y,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,r,o,a,d,-,s,i,g,n,-,i,n,-,k,i,l,e,l,e,s,h,w,a,-,b,u,r,n,t,-,d,o,w,n,-,1,1,9,3,2,7,0,8,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,e,n,t,e,r,t,a,i,n,m,e,n,t,/,n,a,i,n,o,t,e,p,a,d,/,2,0,0,1,3,0,8,3,3,6,/,d,a,v,i,d,-,m,u,r,a,t,h,e,-,t,h,e,-,c,h,i,e,f,-,c,h,e,f,-,i,n,-,u,h,u,r,u,s,-,k,i,t,c,h,e,n,-,c,a,b,i,n,e,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,M,i,k,e,S,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,s,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,2,0,0,1,3,9,7,6,5,7,/,i,t,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,f,o,r,-,s,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,k,e,n,y,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,2,1,9,5,4,5,1,1,6,0,8,1,7,5,0,&,s,e,t,=,b,c,.,A,b,o,0,I,S,O,g,d,B,j,L,R,J,s,p,5,p,Z,m,V,g,W,q,u,S,o,i,l,J,F,5,a,q,w,B,g,A,h,8,v,V,r,E,w,N,6,T,q,i,P,j,Z,Q,m,E,-,i,e,Y,H,5,4,Q,s,b,c,8,z,q,3,C,R,5,X,o,O,N,V,i,c,D,S,S,r,c,j,s,N,Q,M,G,9,S,G,m,p,2,2,T,E,E,P,x,c,5,Y,U,8,7,w,4,K,c,g,z,j,8,O,3,c,Q,u,3,5,A,h,V,d,h,2,j,Y,p,V,Y,M,5,Y,Z,U,r,D,5,X,l,j,-,4,b,L,r,S,_,0,n,y,H,s,g,s,Q,l,o,5,j,h,q,7,N,b,9,B,e,G,C,E,J,9,9,j,q,X,L,U,A,3,x,t,t,j,W,p,S,a,x,r,R,g,f,Y,T,n,h,a,_,v,i,n,z,b,p,2,f,H,0,N,H,5,g,H,P,M,I,Y,4,A,n,r,X,5,Q,T,J,R,I,s,9,4,Y,T,u,K,r,V,o,y,j,y,i,e,D,k,D,7,J,L,o,C,D,Q,F,Y,A,y,3,k,a,l,n,C,n,2,F,k,I,g,M,a,9,q,J,w,s,F,6,W,I,W,7,5,t,j,z,q,s,J,H,a,4,8,d,S,-,x,Y,v,B,u,D,-,-,u,G,q,c,v,a,Z,7,V,1,8,r,j,V,p,V,R,w,R,M,1,U,e,p,y,0,e,J,V,X,X,k,D,t,Y,B,C,H,v,4,e,S,9,X,G,F,B,6,Y,E,D,W,d,n,C,z,S,X,t,N,D,f,c,R,V,6,m,0,q,F,j,e,P,u,M,&,o,p,a,q,u,e,C,u,r,s,o,r,=,A,b,p,y,S,r,K,d,z,k,X,n,O,L,a,M,M,m,f,8,X,W,M,h,r,G,t,d,J,s,2,N,o,t,E,y,4,b,P,w,n,k,o,r,w,a,9,1,N,9,R,l,m,W,Y,5,U,b,a,v,8,i,r,i,a,B,E,k,f,X,T,M,J,N,p,_,I,M,T,L,m,O,P,X,g,K,b,f,7,l,9,X,B,-,x,j,A,V,z,d,N,o,0,p,c,0,4,V,M,N,_,q,p,G,T,2,E,i,w,c,h,a,d,F,Q,J,0,I,D,e,5,5,-,q,W,U,j,v,V,j,b,t,O,k,u,A,9,2,R,n,m,M,2,U,Y,h,y,W,b,4,v,_,u,-,c,3,N,z,t,Q,3,K,V,u,i,L,E,_,h,U,t,A,6,j,3,a,X,T,E,p,3,E,f,G,9,H,u,z,Z,m,7,K,I,7,Z,n,N,1,g,L,v,O,z,J,h,Y,_,K,1,w,3,X,2,0,s,V,W,y,i,B,e,E,p,c,t,q,V,R,R,1,X,4,1,2,c,-,i,C,O,x,k,y,u,a,W,P,l,2,X,0,g,c,C,p,8,j,E,U,j,T,t,4,L,b,Y,a,7,d,2,2,I,U,u,0,N,4,1,G,V,U,Q,C,e,x,p,k,l,Q,o,I,k,_,S,S,z,s,3,5,C,y,8,q,B,7,u,d,X,R,e,m,I,J,l,M,_,5,J,w,S,I,a,2,R,v,Y,0,s,1,u,D,L,x,A,g,z,U,6,t,X,a,E,A,v,I,q,A,K,h,U,J,M,4,H,5,3,c,o,G,m,r,2,g,Z,h,V,1,M,u,Z,N,L,h,E,7,J,Z,A,P,w,n,Q,U,Q,s,x,D,9,Z,S,W,F,F,p,b,A,F,t,z,m,A,k,1,H,t,5,x,F,3,K,4,_,S,s,P,c,8,2,h,x,W,I,i,a,M,y,w,0,P,N,t,_,z,T,7,g,Q,w,P,V,M,C,W,o,k,t,J,R,O,L,N,O,q,G,O,m,g,y,m,N,6,h,S,A,z,L,c,q,m,K,G,d,V,S,3,t,Y,D,7,e,j,F,B,h,I,Y,J,5,A,5,8,U,x,3,t,j,j,2,L,8,c,s,U,2,S,j,6,k,9,G,h,O,j,_,5,p,u,B,6,k,A,C,T,e,w,y,1,q,o,h,z,E,y,M,Y,r,E,X,A,Y,M,5,d,i,z,x,_,_,o,C,9,6,h,f,5,Y,U,L,j,H,Q,q,f,0,T,2,F,Y,G,Y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,6,1,7,6,0,5,4,3,9,0,7,3,8,6,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,2,2,6,0,0,8,6,9,7,4,8,2,5,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,1,0,1,5,9,8,2,3,7,7,1,3,1,9,4,9,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,?,r,e,f,_,s,r,c,=,t,w,s,r,c,%,5,E,t,f,w,%,7,C,t,w,c,a,m,p,%,5,E,e,m,b,e,d,d,e,d,t,i,m,e,l,i,n,e,%,7,C,t,w,t,e,r,m,%,5,E,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,%,3,A,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,%,7,C,t,w,g,r,%,5,E,e,y,J,0,Z,n,d,f,Z,X,h,w,Z,X,J,p,b,W,V,u,d,H,N,f,Y,2,9,v,a,2,l,l,X,2,V,4,c,G,l,y,Y,X,R,p,b,2,4,i,O,n,s,i,Y,n,V,j,a,2,V,0,I,j,o,x,M,j,A,5,N,j,A,w,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,2,h,v,c,m,l,6,b,2,5,f,d,H,d,l,Z,X,R,f,Z,W,1,i,Z,W,R,f,O,T,U,1,N,S,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,o,d,G,U,i,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,3,R,3,Z,W,V,0,X,2,V,t,Y,m,V,k,X,2,N,s,a,W,N,r,Y,W,J,p,b,G,l,0,e,V,8,x,M,j,E,w,M,i,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,j,b,2,5,0,c,m,9,s,I,i,w,i,d,m,V,y,c,2,l,v,b,i,I,6,b,n,V,s,b,H,1,9,&,r,e,f,_,u,r,l,=,h,t,t,p,s,%,3,A,%,2,F,%,2,F,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,%,2,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,5,1,7,0,3,9,7,3,6,9,2,8,2,5,6,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1" +26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.",,"No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,V,l,a,d,i,m,i,r,-,P,u,t,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,S,o,c,h,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,9,C,2,h,a,i,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,2,C,0,h,3,2,C,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,q,K,k,h,l,J,_,/,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,a,r,c,h,v,i,z,u,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,.,a,f,p,.,c,o,m,/,p,i,c,t,u,r,e,-,s,h,o,w,s,-,d,e,s,i,g,n,-,c,o,n,c,e,p,t,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,c,r,e,a,t,e,d,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,b,a,s,e,d,-,a,r,c,h,i,t,e,c,t,?,f,b,c,l,i,d,=,I,w,A,R,1,m,z,H,U,2,h,p,d,6,K,U,O,B,w,X,i,E,v,1,P,D,M,1,x,t,h,1,q,m,9,d,b,N,N,A,G,f,v,W,K,Z,i,b,c,-,N,t,C,Q,S,B,y,Z,X,Q,U,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,e,w,s,w,e,e,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,d,e,n,i,e,s,-,n,a,v,a,l,n,y,-,b,l,a,c,k,-,s,e,a,-,p,a,l,a,c,e,-,e,x,p,o,s,e,-,1,5,6,4,2,2,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,y,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,1,2,/,1,3,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,e,u,r,o,p,e,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,s,o,c,h,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,f,e,r,l,.,o,r,g,/,a,/,2,4,6,9,0,5,4,3,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,u,s,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,p,u,t,i,n,-,i,d,U,S,K,B,N,2,3,N,3,B,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,e,c,h,n,o,l,o,g,y,/,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,d,e,o,/,1,7,9,9,0,7,/,O,v,e,r,v,i,e,w,-,K,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,l,o,b,a,l,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,n,/,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,1,2,1,0,1,2,1,.,s,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,8,/,0,6,/,t,h,e,r,e,s,-,m,o,r,e,-,t,o,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,t,h,a,n,-,p,u,t,i,n,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,m,o,s,c,o,w,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,4,/,0,1,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,w,o,r,k,i,n,g,-,r,e,m,o,t,e,l,y,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,m,e,e,t,i,n,g,-,i,n,f,e,c,t,e,d,-,d,o,c,t,o,r,-,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,s,a,y,s,-,a,6,9,8,2,6" From bf7bd8d950e9c0a798967f1d42eed4559f048eb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Wed, 28 Jul 2021 15:36:00 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 10/13] #15 cleanup + fix related_links + update CSV example file --- claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py | 55 ++--------------------- output_got.csv | 54 +++++++++++----------- output_sample_africacheck.csv | 54 +++++++++++----------- 3 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-) diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py index b1cddc3..514df08 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/africacheck.py @@ -143,8 +143,7 @@ class AfricacheckFactCheckingSiteExtractor(FactCheckingSiteExtractor): def __init__(self, configuration: Configuration): super().__init__(configuration) - def retrieve_listing_page_urls(self) -> List[str]: - #return ["https://africacheck.org/latest-reports/page/1/"] + def retrieve_listing_page_urls(self) -> List[str]: return ["https://africacheck.org/search?rt_bef_combine=created_DESC&sort_by=created&sort_order=DESC&page=0"] @@ -251,7 +250,6 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: except KeyError: print("KeyError: Skip") else: - # alternative rating (If there is no article--aside box with verdict) global_truth_rating = "" if parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "verdict-stamp"}): @@ -264,9 +262,6 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: global_truth_rating = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "indicator"}).find( 'span').get_text() - #if (url == "https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/beware-details-viral-message-about-discovery-health-and-oxygen-tanks-covid-19"): - # print("ws") - # If still no rathing value, try to extract from picture name if (global_truth_rating == ""): filename ="" @@ -288,8 +283,6 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: global_truth_rating = filename_split[0] else: global_truth_rating = filename_split[len(filename_split)-1] - - #global_truth_rating = filename_split[0] claim.set_rating(str(re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9 -]+', '', global_truth_rating)).lower().strip().replace("pfalse","false").replace("-","").capitalize()) @@ -298,47 +291,7 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: print ("\n Rating:" + claim.rating) claim.rating = "" - ########### - - # # There are several claims checked within the page. Common date, author, tags ,etc. - # if inline_ratings and len(inline_ratings) > 0: - # entry_contents = entry_section.contents # type : List[Tag] - # current_index = 0 - - # # First we extract the bit of text common to everything until we meed a sub-section - # body_text, links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, current_index) - # claim.set_body(body_text) - # claim.set_refered_links(links) - - # while current_index < len(entry_contents): - # current_index = forward_until_inline_rating(entry_contents, current_index) - # inline_rating_div = entry_contents[current_index] - # if isinstance(inline_rating_div, NavigableString): - # break - # claim_text = inline_rating_div.find("p", {"class": "claim-content"}).text - # inline_rating = inline_rating_div.find("div", {"class", "indicator"}).find("span").text - # previous_current_index = current_index - # inline_body_text, inline_links, current_index = get_text_and_links_until_next_header(entry_contents, - # current_index) - # if previous_current_index == current_index: - # current_index += 1 - # inline_claim = Claim() - # inline_claim.set_source("africacheck") - # inline_claim.set_claim(claim_text) - # inline_claim.set_rating(inline_rating) - # inline_claim.set_refered_links(",".join(inline_links)) - # inline_claim.set_body(inline_body_text) - # inline_claim.set_tags(", ".join(tags)) - # inline_claim.set_date(global_date_str) - # inline_claim.set_url(url) - # if author: - # inline_claim.set_author(author.get_text()) - # inline_claim.set_title(global_title_text) - - # local_claims.append(inline_claim) - - - # body + # body body = parsed_claim_review_page.find("div", {"class": "article--main"}) claim.set_body(body.get_text()) @@ -346,10 +299,8 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: related_links = [] for link in body.findAll('a', href=True): related_links.append(link['href']) - claim.related_links = related_links + claim.set_refered_links(related_links) - # local_claims.append(claim) - # return local_claims if claim.rating: return [claim] else: diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index 1955535..7f6dd27 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,28 +1,28 @@ ,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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-1,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" -2,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" -3,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" -4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" -5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" -6,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" -7,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" -8,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" -9,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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-10,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" -11,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" -12,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" -13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" -14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" -15,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" -16,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" -17,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" -18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.",,Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,l,o,r,i,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,c,o,m,b,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,f,r,u,i,t,-,a,n,d,-,s,p,i,c,e,s,-,w,o,n,t,-,b,o,o,s,t,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,m,i,x,t,u,r,e,-,b,i,t,t,e,r,-,k,o,l,a,-,p,o,w,d,e,r,-,h,o,n,e,y,-,a,n,d,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,n,o,-,c,u,r,e,-,l,o,w,-,o,r,-,n,o,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t" -19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.",,Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,.,o,r,g,/,y,o,u,r,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,g,l,a,n,d,s,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,-,a,-,t,o,-,z,/,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,i,n,s,u,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,2,4,5,2,3,1,6,X,1,7,3,0,0,8,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,h,y,t,o,j,o,u,r,n,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,s,/,2,0,1,6,/,v,o,l,5,i,s,s,u,e,3,/,P,a,r,t,A,/,5,-,2,-,2,1,-,5,1,8,.,p,d,f,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,b,e,n,.,e,d,u,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,/,b,a,s,i,c,s,/,t,y,p,e,2,.,h,t,m,l" -20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.",,Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,8,1,0,7,3,5,4,0,5,7,7,6,9,1,&,i,d,=,1,0,5,0,2,3,6,2,4,8,4,9,3,5,0,&,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,0,Y,H,H,6,b,w,R,B,X,e,-,T,m,5,2,Z,x,F,F,Y,V,t,N,i,2,4,2,-,B,s,0,Z,K,o,Z,n,9,0,_,q,Y,y,P,b,q,X,S,j,t,N,r,H,M,e,m,T,g,l,J,b,0,A,S,i,c,t,B,n,U,G,2,Y,F,1,y,p,V,p,m,O,Z,l,p,f,L,C,l,t,D,Q,j,2,T,q,I,R,Z,t,O,v,7,U,S,b,2,B,a,Z,w,a,M,W,F,M,G,g,N,h,M,b,i,_,F,V,I,h,f,V,4,s,P,X,6,K,i,f,v,X,u,m,Z,q,x,Y,T,9,f,p,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,2,0,8,9,5,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,c,h,i,e,f,-,o,f,-,a,r,m,y,-,s,t,a,f,f,-,l,t,-,g,e,n,-,i,b,r,a,h,i,m,-,a,t,t,a,h,i,r,u,-,d,i,e,s,-,i,n,-,a,i,r,-,c,r,a,s,h,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,3,7,8,5,2,-,e,x,c,l,u,s,i,v,e,-,1,2,7,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,e,d,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,q,2,-,o,f,-,2,0,2,0,-,r,e,p,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,d,a,i,l,y,t,r,u,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,q,u,i,t,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,1,-,y,e,a,r,-,r,e,p,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,H,Q,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,A,r,m,y" -21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.",,"No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,k,u,l,u,.,g,o,.,t,z,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,i,k,u,l,u,.,m,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,I,k,u,l,u,-,M,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,-,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,m,2,B,-,o,-,K,7,n,t,s,m,7,I,N,5,C,y,5,w,_,2,6,G,O,S,i,Z,R,C,h,e,T,S,p,_,F,Z,v,K,4,J,s,V,H,s,l,r,y,i,c,D,j,S,a,r,N,S,8,U,6,F,g,z,4,H,o,z,X,k,-,_,L,K,i,w,I,E,w,R,D,X,W,r,y,Z,2,A,K,N,N,_,Q,N,A,r,c,P,C,F,C,F,4,Y,a,V,j,H,m,Q,O,u,G,z,_,5,X,q,-,M,Q,1,q,-,O,y,0,H,3,U,y,0,s,M,F,p,b,E,C,C,w,q,z,B,z,0,D,8,j,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,-,U,C,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9" -22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.",,"Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,a,s,h,i,n,g,t,o,n,p,o,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,3,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,z,u,m,a,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,v,i,o,l,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,6,5,0,5,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,b,e,w,a,r,e,-,y,o,u,-,s,h,a,r,e,-,t,h,e,s,e,-,s,h,u,t,d,o,w,n,s,a,-,v,i,d,e,o,s,-,a,r,e,-,m,i,s,l,e,a,d,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,U,l,u,n,d,i,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,4,m,2,!,3,m,1,!,1,s,0,x,1,e,f,0,6,3,6,c,8,6,b,2,2,0,c,3,:,0,x,c,b,1,d,d,6,6,c,5,0,c,6,9,7,4,d,?,s,a,=,X,&,v,e,d,=,2,a,h,U,K,E,w,i,W,i,K,n,D,5,f,j,x,A,h,X,3,Q,U,E,A,H,Z,W,1,A,x,s,Q,8,g,E,w,J,H,o,E,C,F,M,Q,A,Q,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,1,8,1,1,,,3,1,.,4,2,9,1,3,9,5,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,2,2,5,.,2,6,h,,,8,3,.,3,3,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,7,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,5,!,1,s,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,!,2,e,0,!,6,s,h,t,t,p,s,:,%,2,F,%,2,F,s,t,r,e,e,t,v,i,e,w,p,i,x,e,l,s,-,p,a,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,a,p,i,s,.,c,o,m,%,2,F,v,1,%,2,F,t,h,u,m,b,n,a,i,l,%,3,F,p,a,n,o,i,d,%,3,D,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,%,2,6,c,b,_,c,l,i,e,n,t,%,3,D,m,a,p,s,_,s,v,.,t,a,c,t,i,l,e,.,g,p,s,%,2,6,w,%,3,D,2,0,3,%,2,6,h,%,3,D,1,0,0,%,2,6,y,a,w,%,3,D,3,0,4,.,4,8,0,2,2,%,2,6,p,i,t,c,h,%,3,D,0,%,2,6,t,h,u,m,b,f,o,v,%,3,D,1,0,0,!,7,i,1,3,3,1,2,!,8,i,6,6,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,4,6,5,2,,,3,1,.,4,2,8,1,4,8,4,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,2,4,6,0,3,,,3,1,.,4,2,5,2,6,2,3,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,l,u,n,d,i,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,m,m" -23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.",,"No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,r,u,t,h,.,s,u,o,w,a,r,i,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,4,1,8,7,5,0,1,6,2,5,8,7,5,2,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,o,e,m,o,s,i,s,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,1,1,6,8,6,6,3,4,0,0,3,1,3,2,3,6,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,m,b,o,k,a,z,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,4,8,4,1,5,8,0,2,0,5,3,0,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,p,e,e,c,h,e,s,/,m,e,c,-,n,o,m,a,g,u,g,u,-,s,i,m,e,l,a,n,e,-,w,e,l,c,o,m,e,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,a,l,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,C,m,a,g,n,e,t,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,D,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,h,o,a,x,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,i,m,m,u,n,i,z,a,t,i,o,n,-,w,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,?,t,o,p,i,c,s,u,r,v,e,y,=,),&,g,c,l,i,d,=,C,j,w,K,C,A,j,w,r,u,S,H,B,h,A,t,E,i,w,A,_,q,C,p,p,k,x,j,3,N,W,U,i,M,N,Q,3,b,e,3,9,D,V,5,y,P,f,Z,1,9,F,0,O,0,Y,r,B,_,N,q,n,0,Z,l,4,w,7,r,s,n,2,q,R,5,9,3,9,R,o,C,v,b,E,Q,A,v,D,_,B,w,E,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,4,1,4,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,6,3,8,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,6,3,0,5,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,/,2,0,1,9,-,n,c,o,v,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,/,f,a,c,t,s,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,i,d,U,S,L,2,N,2,N,4,1,K,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,d,e,s,k,.,o,r,g,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,w,e,-,k,n,o,w,-,a,b,o,u,t,-,t,h,e,-,p,f,i,z,e,r,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,a,n,d,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,s,a,t,o,d,a,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,1,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,r,e,n,t,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,7,6,9,8,5,5,6,0,0,2,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,j,a,c,a,r,a,n,d,a,f,m,.,c,o,m,/,s,h,o,w,s,/,m,o,r,n,i,n,g,s,-,w,i,t,h,-,m,a,c,k,/,w,a,t,c,h,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,w,o,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,-,y,o,u,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4" -24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.",,State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, 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-25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.",,No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,k,e,n,y,a,p,o,l,i,t,f,o,r,u,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,2,8,7,1,8,7,9,8,5,6,4,4,4,1,1,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,u,l,s,e,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,l,o,c,a,l,/,j,u,b,i,l,e,e,-,p,a,r,t,y,s,-,m,e,s,s,a,g,e,-,t,o,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,t,a,k,i,n,g,-,o,v,e,r,-,a,s,-,a,c,t,i,n,g,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,/,3,h,5,j,g,g,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,u,s,i,n,e,s,s,d,a,i,l,y,a,f,r,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,d,/,l,i,f,e,s,t,y,l,e,/,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,s,t,r,a,i,g,h,t,-,s,h,o,o,t,e,r,-,n,o,-,h,o,s,t,a,g,e,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,s,t,r,e,e,t,-,n,a,m,e,-,3,4,2,5,6,4,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,o,t,u,-,k,e,n,y,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,r,o,a,d,-,s,i,g,n,-,i,n,-,k,i,l,e,l,e,s,h,w,a,-,b,u,r,n,t,-,d,o,w,n,-,1,1,9,3,2,7,0,8,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,e,n,t,e,r,t,a,i,n,m,e,n,t,/,n,a,i,n,o,t,e,p,a,d,/,2,0,0,1,3,0,8,3,3,6,/,d,a,v,i,d,-,m,u,r,a,t,h,e,-,t,h,e,-,c,h,i,e,f,-,c,h,e,f,-,i,n,-,u,h,u,r,u,s,-,k,i,t,c,h,e,n,-,c,a,b,i,n,e,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,M,i,k,e,S,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,s,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,2,0,0,1,3,9,7,6,5,7,/,i,t,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,f,o,r,-,s,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,k,e,n,y,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,2,1,9,5,4,5,1,1,6,0,8,1,7,5,0,&,s,e,t,=,b,c,.,A,b,o,0,I,S,O,g,d,B,j,L,R,J,s,p,5,p,Z,m,V,g,W,q,u,S,o,i,l,J,F,5,a,q,w,B,g,A,h,8,v,V,r,E,w,N,6,T,q,i,P,j,Z,Q,m,E,-,i,e,Y,H,5,4,Q,s,b,c,8,z,q,3,C,R,5,X,o,O,N,V,i,c,D,S,S,r,c,j,s,N,Q,M,G,9,S,G,m,p,2,2,T,E,E,P,x,c,5,Y,U,8,7,w,4,K,c,g,z,j,8,O,3,c,Q,u,3,5,A,h,V,d,h,2,j,Y,p,V,Y,M,5,Y,Z,U,r,D,5,X,l,j,-,4,b,L,r,S,_,0,n,y,H,s,g,s,Q,l,o,5,j,h,q,7,N,b,9,B,e,G,C,E,J,9,9,j,q,X,L,U,A,3,x,t,t,j,W,p,S,a,x,r,R,g,f,Y,T,n,h,a,_,v,i,n,z,b,p,2,f,H,0,N,H,5,g,H,P,M,I,Y,4,A,n,r,X,5,Q,T,J,R,I,s,9,4,Y,T,u,K,r,V,o,y,j,y,i,e,D,k,D,7,J,L,o,C,D,Q,F,Y,A,y,3,k,a,l,n,C,n,2,F,k,I,g,M,a,9,q,J,w,s,F,6,W,I,W,7,5,t,j,z,q,s,J,H,a,4,8,d,S,-,x,Y,v,B,u,D,-,-,u,G,q,c,v,a,Z,7,V,1,8,r,j,V,p,V,R,w,R,M,1,U,e,p,y,0,e,J,V,X,X,k,D,t,Y,B,C,H,v,4,e,S,9,X,G,F,B,6,Y,E,D,W,d,n,C,z,S,X,t,N,D,f,c,R,V,6,m,0,q,F,j,e,P,u,M,&,o,p,a,q,u,e,C,u,r,s,o,r,=,A,b,p,y,S,r,K,d,z,k,X,n,O,L,a,M,M,m,f,8,X,W,M,h,r,G,t,d,J,s,2,N,o,t,E,y,4,b,P,w,n,k,o,r,w,a,9,1,N,9,R,l,m,W,Y,5,U,b,a,v,8,i,r,i,a,B,E,k,f,X,T,M,J,N,p,_,I,M,T,L,m,O,P,X,g,K,b,f,7,l,9,X,B,-,x,j,A,V,z,d,N,o,0,p,c,0,4,V,M,N,_,q,p,G,T,2,E,i,w,c,h,a,d,F,Q,J,0,I,D,e,5,5,-,q,W,U,j,v,V,j,b,t,O,k,u,A,9,2,R,n,m,M,2,U,Y,h,y,W,b,4,v,_,u,-,c,3,N,z,t,Q,3,K,V,u,i,L,E,_,h,U,t,A,6,j,3,a,X,T,E,p,3,E,f,G,9,H,u,z,Z,m,7,K,I,7,Z,n,N,1,g,L,v,O,z,J,h,Y,_,K,1,w,3,X,2,0,s,V,W,y,i,B,e,E,p,c,t,q,V,R,R,1,X,4,1,2,c,-,i,C,O,x,k,y,u,a,W,P,l,2,X,0,g,c,C,p,8,j,E,U,j,T,t,4,L,b,Y,a,7,d,2,2,I,U,u,0,N,4,1,G,V,U,Q,C,e,x,p,k,l,Q,o,I,k,_,S,S,z,s,3,5,C,y,8,q,B,7,u,d,X,R,e,m,I,J,l,M,_,5,J,w,S,I,a,2,R,v,Y,0,s,1,u,D,L,x,A,g,z,U,6,t,X,a,E,A,v,I,q,A,K,h,U,J,M,4,H,5,3,c,o,G,m,r,2,g,Z,h,V,1,M,u,Z,N,L,h,E,7,J,Z,A,P,w,n,Q,U,Q,s,x,D,9,Z,S,W,F,F,p,b,A,F,t,z,m,A,k,1,H,t,5,x,F,3,K,4,_,S,s,P,c,8,2,h,x,W,I,i,a,M,y,w,0,P,N,t,_,z,T,7,g,Q,w,P,V,M,C,W,o,k,t,J,R,O,L,N,O,q,G,O,m,g,y,m,N,6,h,S,A,z,L,c,q,m,K,G,d,V,S,3,t,Y,D,7,e,j,F,B,h,I,Y,J,5,A,5,8,U,x,3,t,j,j,2,L,8,c,s,U,2,S,j,6,k,9,G,h,O,j,_,5,p,u,B,6,k,A,C,T,e,w,y,1,q,o,h,z,E,y,M,Y,r,E,X,A,Y,M,5,d,i,z,x,_,_,o,C,9,6,h,f,5,Y,U,L,j,H,Q,q,f,0,T,2,F,Y,G,Y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,6,1,7,6,0,5,4,3,9,0,7,3,8,6,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,2,2,6,0,0,8,6,9,7,4,8,2,5,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,1,0,1,5,9,8,2,3,7,7,1,3,1,9,4,9,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,?,r,e,f,_,s,r,c,=,t,w,s,r,c,%,5,E,t,f,w,%,7,C,t,w,c,a,m,p,%,5,E,e,m,b,e,d,d,e,d,t,i,m,e,l,i,n,e,%,7,C,t,w,t,e,r,m,%,5,E,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,%,3,A,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,%,7,C,t,w,g,r,%,5,E,e,y,J,0,Z,n,d,f,Z,X,h,w,Z,X,J,p,b,W,V,u,d,H,N,f,Y,2,9,v,a,2,l,l,X,2,V,4,c,G,l,y,Y,X,R,p,b,2,4,i,O,n,s,i,Y,n,V,j,a,2,V,0,I,j,o,x,M,j,A,5,N,j,A,w,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,2,h,v,c,m,l,6,b,2,5,f,d,H,d,l,Z,X,R,f,Z,W,1,i,Z,W,R,f,O,T,U,1,N,S,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,o,d,G,U,i,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,3,R,3,Z,W,V,0,X,2,V,t,Y,m,V,k,X,2,N,s,a,W,N,r,Y,W,J,p,b,G,l,0,e,V,8,x,M,j,E,w,M,i,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,j,b,2,5,0,c,m,9,s,I,i,w,i,d,m,V,y,c,2,l,v,b,i,I,6,b,n,V,s,b,H,1,9,&,r,e,f,_,u,r,l,=,h,t,t,p,s,%,3,A,%,2,F,%,2,F,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,%,2,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,5,1,7,0,3,9,7,3,6,9,2,8,2,5,6,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1" -26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.",,"No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,V,l,a,d,i,m,i,r,-,P,u,t,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,S,o,c,h,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,9,C,2,h,a,i,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,2,C,0,h,3,2,C,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,q,K,k,h,l,J,_,/,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,a,r,c,h,v,i,z,u,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,.,a,f,p,.,c,o,m,/,p,i,c,t,u,r,e,-,s,h,o,w,s,-,d,e,s,i,g,n,-,c,o,n,c,e,p,t,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,c,r,e,a,t,e,d,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,b,a,s,e,d,-,a,r,c,h,i,t,e,c,t,?,f,b,c,l,i,d,=,I,w,A,R,1,m,z,H,U,2,h,p,d,6,K,U,O,B,w,X,i,E,v,1,P,D,M,1,x,t,h,1,q,m,9,d,b,N,N,A,G,f,v,W,K,Z,i,b,c,-,N,t,C,Q,S,B,y,Z,X,Q,U,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,e,w,s,w,e,e,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,d,e,n,i,e,s,-,n,a,v,a,l,n,y,-,b,l,a,c,k,-,s,e,a,-,p,a,l,a,c,e,-,e,x,p,o,s,e,-,1,5,6,4,2,2,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,y,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,1,2,/,1,3,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,e,u,r,o,p,e,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,s,o,c,h,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,f,e,r,l,.,o,r,g,/,a,/,2,4,6,9,0,5,4,3,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,u,s,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,p,u,t,i,n,-,i,d,U,S,K,B,N,2,3,N,3,B,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,e,c,h,n,o,l,o,g,y,/,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,d,e,o,/,1,7,9,9,0,7,/,O,v,e,r,v,i,e,w,-,K,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,l,o,b,a,l,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,n,/,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,1,2,1,0,1,2,1,.,s,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,8,/,0,6,/,t,h,e,r,e,s,-,m,o,r,e,-,t,o,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,t,h,a,n,-,p,u,t,i,n,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,m,o,s,c,o,w,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,4,/,0,1,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,w,o,r,k,i,n,g,-,r,e,m,o,t,e,l,y,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,m,e,e,t,i,n,g,-,i,n,f,e,c,t,e,d,-,d,o,c,t,o,r,-,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,s,a,y,s,-,a,6,9,8,2,6" +0,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, +1,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, +2,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, +3,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, +4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, +5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, +6,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, +7,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, +8,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, +9,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, +10,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, +11,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, +12,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, +13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, +14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, +15,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, +16,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, +17,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, +18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.","https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-combination-fruit-and-spices-wont-boost-sperm-count,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/mixture-bitter-kola-powder-honey-and-ginger-no-cure-low-or-no-sperm-count",Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,, +19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.","https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/insulin,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17300819,https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-21-518.pdf,https://www.uniben.edu/,https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html",Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,, +20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.","https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=181073540577691&id=105023624849350&__cft__%5b0%5d=AZW0YHH6bwRBXe-Tm52ZxFFYVtNi242-Bs0ZKoZn90_qYyPbqXSjtNrHMemTglJb0ASictBnUG2YF1ypVpmOZlpfLCltDQj2TqIRZtOv7USb2BaZwaMWFMGgNhMbi_FVIhfV4sPX6KifvXumZqxYT9fp&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57208951,https://army.mil.ng/chief-of-army-staff-lt-gen-ibrahim-attahiru-dies-in-air-crash/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/437852-exclusive-127-soldiers-resign-from-nigerian-army.html,https://www.icirnigeria.org/why-3https:/www.icirnigeria.org/why-386-soldiers-resigned-from-nigerian-army-in-q2-of-2020-reps/,https://dailytrust.com/386-soldiers-quit-army-in-1-year-reps,https://army.mil.ng/,https://twitter.com/HQNigerianArmy",Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,, +21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.","https://www.ikulu.go.tz/,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/permalink/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014.JPG,https://www.facebook.com/ikulu.mawasiliano,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014Twitter.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849,https://web.facebook.com/Ikulu-Mawasiliano-100402328861849/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZWm2B-o-K7ntsm7IN5Cy5w_26GOSiZRCheTSp_FZvK4JsVHslryicDjSarNS8U6Fgz4HozXk-_LKiwIEwRDXWryZ2AKNN_QNArcPCFCF4YaVjHmQOuGz_5Xq-MQ1q-Oy0H3Uy0sMFpbECCwqzBz0D8j&__tn__=-UC%2CP-R,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849","No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,, +22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/south-africa-zuma-protests-violence/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57650517,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/beware-you-share-these-shutdownsa-videos-are-misleading,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ulundi/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1ef0636c86b220c3:0xcb1dd66c50c6974d?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWiKnD5fjxAhX3QUEAHZW1AxsQ8gEwJHoECFMQAQ,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2951811,31.4291395,3a,75y,225.26h,83.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1svjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DvjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D304.48022%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2954652,31.4281484,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2924603,31.4252623,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.ulundi.gov.za/office-mm","Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,, +23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.","https://www.facebook.com/ruth.suowari/videos/418750162587520/,https://www.facebook.com/poemosis/videos/1168663400313236/,https://www.facebook.com/mbokazi/posts/10224841580205302,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.gov.za/speeches/mec-nomagugu-simelane-welcomes-dismissal-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-%E2%80%9Cmagnet%E2%80%9D-claims-hoax,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination?topicsurvey=)&gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppkxj3NWUiMNQ3be39DV5yPfZ19F0O0YrB_Nqn0Zl4w7rsn2qR5939RoCvbEQAvD_BwE,https://www.fda.gov/,https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/144638/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/146305/download#page=2,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSL2N2N41KA,https://health-desk.org/articles/what-do-we-know-about-the-pfizer-vaccine-and-magnets,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/21/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-arent-magnetic/7698556002/,https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/mornings-with-mack/watch-covid-19-vaccine-wont-make-you-magnetic/,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134","No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,, +24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/State%20of%20Emergency.png,https://www.facebook.com/bevlee.naidoo/posts/10159575876567498,https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/Minister-Nkosazana-Dlamini-Zuma.aspx,https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nkosazana-clarice-dlamini-zuma,https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-17-this-is-us-those-trying-to-tear-south-africa-apart/,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/22/south-africa-unrest-death-toll-jumps-to-more-than-300,https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/505776/more-groups-call-for-state-of-emergency-in-south-africa/,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/pbl/staff/pdevos,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/,http://www.uct.ac.za/,https://www.gov.za/about-government/government-system/executive-authority-president-cabinet-and-deputy-ministers,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Specialists/Pages/Michael-Evans.aspx,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Pages/default.aspx,http://declared,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=3,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=5,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=7,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=14,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/states-emergency-south-africa-1960s-and-1980s,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22",State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, Dlamini-Zuma",,,,, +25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/kenyapolitforum/permalink/2871879856444117/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/jubilee-partys-message-to-anne-kananu-mwenda-after-taking-over-as-acting-nairobi/3h5jgg2,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/francis-atwoli-straight-shooter-no-hostages-over-street-name-3425646,https://cotu-kenya.org/,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/francis-atwoli-road-sign-in-kileleshwa-burnt-down-11932708/,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/nainotepad/2001308336/david-murathe-the-chief-chef-in-uhurus-kitchen-cabinet,https://twitter.com/MikeSonko,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/article/2001397657/its-over-for-sonko,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://nation.africa/kenya,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10219545116081750&set=bc.Abo0ISOgdBjLRJsp5pZmVgWquSoilJF5aqwBgAh8vVrEwN6TqiPjZQmE-ieYH54Qsbc8zq3CR5XoONVicDSSrcjsNQMG9SGmp22TEEPxc5YU87w4Kcgzj8O3cQu35AhVdh2jYpVYM5YZUrD5Xlj-4bLrS_0nyHsgsQlo5jhq7Nb9BeGCEJ99jqXLUA3xttjWpSaxrRgfYTnha_vinzbp2fH0NH5gHPMIY4AnrX5QTJRIs94YTuKrVoyjyieDkD7JLoCDQFYAy3kalnCn2FkIgMa9qJwsF6WIW75tjzqsJHa48dS-xYvBuD--uGqcvaZ7V18rjVpVRwRM1Uepy0eJVXXkDtYBCHv4eS9XGFB6YEDWdnCzSXtNDfcRV6m0qFjePuM&opaqueCursor=AbpySrKdzkXnOLaMMmf8XWMhrGtdJs2NotEy4bPwnkorwa91N9RlmWY5Ubav8iriaBEkfXTMJNp_IMTLmOPXgKbf7l9XB-xjAVzdNo0pc04VMN_qpGT2EiwchadFQJ0IDe55-qWUjvVjbtOkuA92RnmM2UYhyWb4v_u-c3NztQ3KVuiLE_hUtA6j3aXTEp3EfG9HuzZm7KI7ZnN1gLvOzJhY_K1w3X20sVWyiBeEpctqVRR1X412c-iCOxkyuaWPl2X0gcCp8jEUjTt4LbYa7d22IUu0N41GVUQCexpklQoIk_SSzs35Cy8qB7udXRemIJlM_5JwSIa2RvY0s1uDLxAgzU6tXaEAvIqAKhUJM4H53coGmr2gZhV1MuZNLhE7JZAPwnQUQsxD9ZSWFFpbAFtzmAk1Ht5xF3K4_SsPc82hxWIiaMyw0PNt_zT7gQwPVMCWoktJROLNOqGOmgymN6hSAzLcqmKGdVS3tYD7ejFBhIYJ5A58Ux3tjj2L8csU2Sj6k9GhOj_5puB6kACTewy1qohzEyMYrEXAYM5dizx__oC96hf5YULjHQqf0T2FYGY,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.facebook.com/groups/3061760543907386/permalink/4226008697482559,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/nation/photos/10159823771319497,https://nairobi.go.ke/,https://twitter.com/047County?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Eprofile%3A047County%7Ctwgr%5EeyJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2hvcml6b25fdHdlZXRfZW1iZWRfOTU1NSI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJodGUiLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3R3ZWV0X2VtYmVkX2NsaWNrYWJpbGl0eV8xMjEwMiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250cm9sIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH19&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fnairobi.go.ke%2F,https://twitter.com/047County/status/1405170397369282562,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1",No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,, +26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.","https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vladimir-Putin,https://www.britannica.com/place/Sochi,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd69C2haip/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd62C0h32C/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd6qKkhlJ_/,http://archvizual.com/,https://factcheck.afp.com/picture-shows-design-concept-house-created-russia-based-architect?fbclid=IwAR1mzHU2hpd6KUOBwXiEv1PDM1xth1qm9dbNNAGfvWKZibc-NtCQSByZXQU,https://www.newsweek.com/putin-denies-navalny-black-sea-palace-expose-1564222,https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/13/world/europe/putin-russia-office-sochi.html,https://www.rferl.org/a/24690543.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-putin-idUSKBN23N3B4,https://www.britannica.com/technology/kremlin,https://www.britannica.com/video/179907/Overview-Kremlin-Moscow,https://www.britannica.com/place/Moscow,https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1210121.shtml,https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/06/theres-more-to-russia-than-putin/,https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/04/01/putin-working-remotely-after-meeting-infected-doctor-kremlin-says-a69826","No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_africacheck.csv b/output_sample_africacheck.csv index 1955535..7f6dd27 100644 --- a/output_sample_africacheck.csv +++ b/output_sample_africacheck.csv @@ -1,28 +1,28 @@ ,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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-1,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" -2,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" -3,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" -4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" -5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" -6,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" -7,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" -8,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" -9,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.",,"No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks 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-10,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.",,Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,s,o,n,i,a,.,b,o,n,a,c,c,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,P,a,r,i,s,,,+,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,8,.,8,5,8,9,5,0,7,,,2,.,2,7,7,0,2,0,1,,,1,2,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,4,7,e,6,6,e,1,f,0,6,e,2,b,7,0,f,:,0,x,4,0,b,8,2,c,3,6,8,8,c,9,4,6,0,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,8,.,8,5,6,6,1,4,!,4,d,2,.,3,5,2,2,2,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,F,r,a,n,c,e,/,@,4,6,.,1,3,8,9,6,9,6,,,-,2,.,4,3,6,8,0,9,4,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,d,5,4,a,0,2,9,3,3,7,8,5,7,3,1,:,0,x,6,b,f,d,3,f,9,6,c,7,4,7,d,9,f,7,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,4,6,.,2,2,7,6,3,8,!,4,d,2,.,2,1,3,7,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,4,8,.,8,7,4,1,0,1,9,,,2,.,2,9,3,7,2,8,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,1,1,1,.,8,8,h,,,8,5,.,6,9,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,6,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,s,b,f,l,l,I,b,d,q,W,_,y,l,z,U,N,m,O,c,Y,b,g,!,2,e,0,!,7,i,1,6,3,8,4,!,8,i,8,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,r,e,e,k,a,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,h,i,s,t,o,r,y,/,f,l,a,g,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,8,.,0,6,0,2,9,7,6,,,1,9,.,9,9,1,2,2,,,6,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,3,5,b,4,a,c,7,1,1,7,1,6,c,6,3,:,0,x,3,6,3,a,1,7,7,5,d,c,9,a,2,d,1,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,9,.,0,7,4,2,0,8,!,4,d,2,1,.,8,2,4,3,1,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,h,r,a,a,u,s,t,r,a,l,i,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,0,2,7,9,9,6,2,8,9,0,6,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,7,1,8,3,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,A,t,h,e,n,s,,,+,G,r,e,e,c,e,/,@,3,7,.,9,9,0,8,9,9,7,,,2,3,.,7,0,3,3,1,9,8,,,1,3,z,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,4,b,1,!,4,m,5,!,3,m,4,!,1,s,0,x,1,4,a,1,b,d,1,f,0,6,7,0,4,3,f,1,:,0,x,2,7,3,6,3,5,4,5,7,6,6,6,8,d,d,d,!,8,m,2,!,3,d,3,7,.,9,8,3,8,0,9,6,!,4,d,2,3,.,7,2,7,5,3,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,c,o,n,t,a,c,t,/,s,t,a,f,f,-,d,i,r,e,c,t,o,r,y,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,m,w,3,.,n,e,w,s,/,i,n,-,g,r,e,e,c,e,-,t,h,o,u,s,a,n,d,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,a,g,a,i,n,s,t,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,T,i,n,E,y,e,-,G,r,e,e,c,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,t,r,a,n,s,l,a,t,e,?,s,l,=,a,u,t,o,&,t,l,=,e,n,&,u,=,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,i,v,e,r,g,e,n,c,e,-,i,m,a,g,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,o,l,i,v,i,e,r,-,c,o,r,e,t,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,a,g,e,s,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,/,g,i,l,e,t,s,-,j,a,u,n,e,s,-,c,h,a,m,p,s,-,e,l,y,s,e,e,s,-,r,e,f,-,O,C,O,1,1,9,3,0,0,1,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,1,8,/,1,2,/,0,3,/,6,7,2,8,6,2,3,5,3,/,w,h,o,-,a,r,e,-,f,r,a,n,c,e,s,-,y,e,l,l,o,w,-,v,e,s,t,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,e,r,s,-,a,n,d,-,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,t,h,e,y,-,w,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,/,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,6,6,5,6,3,9,7,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,0,1,6,1,0,0,8,5,8,8,8,5,3,9,7,6" -11,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.",,"No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,2,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,A,d,u,r,a,m,i,g,b,a,h,e,r,b,a,l,r,e,m,e,d,y,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,9,3,9,5,0,4,8,5,7,6,9,1,6,2,?,_,r,d,c,=,3,&,_,r,d,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,e,b,m,d,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,t,a,m,i,n,s,/,a,i,/,i,n,g,r,e,d,i,e,n,t,m,o,n,o,-,3,0,0,/,g,a,r,l,i,c,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,b,o,o,k,s,/,N,B,K,2,7,9,2,5,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,r,t,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,/,u,n,d,e,r,s,t,a,n,d,i,n,g,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e,-,r,e,a,d,i,n,g,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,n,o,n,c,o,m,m,u,n,i,c,a,b,l,e,-,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,h,y,p,e,r,t,e,n,s,i,o,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,4,2,6,6,2,5,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,c,a,d,e,m,i,c,.,o,u,p,.,c,o,m,/,j,n,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,1,4,6,/,2,/,3,8,9,S,/,4,5,8,4,6,9,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,c,b,i,.,n,l,m,.,n,i,h,.,g,o,v,/,p,m,c,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,P,M,C,6,9,6,6,1,0,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,a,f,d,a,c,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,o,r,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,t,e,a,-,w,o,n,t,-,p,r,e,v,e,n,t,-,h,e,a,r,t,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,a,n,d,-,s,t,r,o,k,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,l,e,m,o,n,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,a,n,d,-,g,a,r,l,i,c,-,w,o,n,t,-,c,u,r,e,-,h,i,g,h,-,b,l,o,o,d,-,p,r,e,s,s,u,r,e" -12,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.",,"No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,f,r,.,o,r,g,/,i,n,-,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,h,a,i,t,i,a,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,h,a,t,-,k,n,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,j,m,o,i,s,e,?,l,a,n,g,=,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,H,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,N,G,B,R,E,A,K,I,N,G,N,E,W,S,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,9,9,9,0,9,1,4,2,3,5,8,7,5,8,3,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,e,w,s,.,s,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,j,o,v,e,n,e,l,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,s,p,e,a,k,s,-,f,r,o,m,-,h,o,s,p,i,t,a,l,-,b,e,d,-,1,2,3,5,3,3,4,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,s,-,s,u,r,p,r,i,s,e,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,-,1,1,6,2,6,5,6,4,4,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,p,r,.,o,r,g,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,7,/,1,0,1,7,3,9,8,2,1,9,/,m,a,r,t,i,n,e,-,m,o,i,s,e,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,f,-,s,l,a,i,n,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,s,-,t,o,-,h,a,i,t,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,v,o,a,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,m,e,r,i,c,a,s,/,g,u,n,f,i,r,e,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,d,i,s,r,u,p,t,-,f,u,n,e,r,a,l,-,h,a,i,t,i,s,-,a,s,s,a,s,s,i,n,a,t,e,d,-,p,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,t" -13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.",,Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,5,8,2,3,8,5,6,1,9,1,2,1,8,6,&,s,e,t,=,p,c,b,.,1,5,8,2,3,8,6,0,1,9,1,2,1,8,2,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,&,t,h,e,a,t,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,8,8,0,5,0,9,5,9,3,1,3,0,4,3,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,6,6,5,2,3,6,5,4,7,9,9,1,0,6,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,[,0,],=,A,Z,V,b,T,-,n,A,-,y,A,j,w,p,g,s,A,h,c,1,l,4,N,B,v,q,1,n,g,x,o,Q,L,V,Y,c,2,l,Z,N,P,4,J,9,v,Z,m,r,z,X,0,0,u,N,U,b,E,z,M,H,p,7,H,n,7,b,7,M,I,c,Q,C,W,7,A,d,Y,Y,k,w,p,s,A,k,w,q,S,P,P,A,a,d,i,k,i,b,V,N,_,p,f,Y,b,Z,a,1,W,c,K,c,J,C,r,N,N,g,P,G,q,s,9,r,4,2,h,c,r,l,q,-,A,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,g,a,t,e,.,n,e,t,/,f,i,g,u,r,e,/,M,a,p,-,o,f,-,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,i,t,s,-,g,e,o,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,a,l,-,z,o,n,e,s,-,N,o,r,t,h,-,C,e,n,t,r,a,l,-,B,e,n,u,e,-,F,C,T,-,K,o,g,i,-,K,w,a,r,a,_,f,i,g,1,_,2,5,6,6,1,4,6,0,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,i,a,f,r,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,6,/,1,1,/,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,c,o,n,c,i,l,i,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,d,e,p,e,n,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,u,g,o,b,e,s,t,i,k,y,.,c,o,m,/,w,p,-,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,9,/,F,B,_,I,M,G,_,1,5,6,8,1,3,8,8,2,5,5,8,2,9,8,9,8,-,7,5,0,x,4,3,0,.,j,p,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,j,u,n,/,2,9,/,b,i,a,f,r,a,-,s,e,p,a,r,a,t,i,s,t,-,l,e,a,d,e,r,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,a,n,d,-,e,x,t,r,a,d,i,t,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,t,e,r,p,o,l,.,i,n,t,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,e,d,i,t,i,o,n,.,c,n,n,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,9,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,i,n,t,l,/,i,n,d,e,x,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,s,a,y,s,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,0,5,6,6,-,u,p,d,a,t,e,d,-,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,r,e,t,u,r,n,e,d,-,t,o,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,m,a,l,a,m,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,n,a,m,d,i,-,k,a,n,u,-,a,p,p,e,a,r,s,-,i,n,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,r,e,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,/" -14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-republic-benin-wife-released,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.",,"No, Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Republic of Benin, wife released",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,g,n,e,w,s,2,4,7,.,c,o,m,/,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,-,w,f,e,-,a,g,e,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,s,o,n,s,-,f,a,m,i,l,y,-,n,e,t,-,w,o,r,t,h,-,c,a,r,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,t,o,p,-,n,e,w,s,/,4,7,1,2,8,8,-,l,a,g,o,s,-,r,a,l,l,y,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,y,o,r,u,b,a,-,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,c,a,m,p,a,i,g,n,e,r,s,-,s,e,t,-,f,o,r,-,s,h,o,w,d,o,w,n,-,w,i,t,h,-,p,o,l,i,c,e,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,d,p,l,o,y,a,l,i,s,t,s,f,a,n,p,a,g,e,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,3,3,6,5,4,8,6,0,8,1,2,9,5,1,4,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,*,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,B,e,n,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,9,3,4,2,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,s,s,.,g,o,v,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,g,u,a,r,d,i,a,n,.,n,g,/,n,e,w,s,/,d,s,s,-,d,e,c,l,a,r,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,n,t,e,d,-,c,o,n,f,i,r,m,s,-,r,a,i,d,-,o,n,-,h,i,s,-,r,e,s,i,d,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,7,4,7,4,9,-,h,o,w,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,w,a,s,-,a,r,r,e,s,t,e,d,-,i,n,-,b,e,n,i,n,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,s,a,h,a,r,a,r,e,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,2,2,/,b,r,e,a,k,i,n,g,-,b,e,n,i,n,e,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,-,r,e,l,e,a,s,e,s,-,s,u,n,d,a,y,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,9,s,-,w,i,f,e,-,o,r,d,e,r,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,-,r,e,m,a,i,n,-,c,u,s,t,o,d,y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,p,u,n,c,h,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,b,e,n,i,n,o,i,s,e,-,c,o,u,r,t,s,-,n,o,t,-,u,s,e,d,-,t,o,-,l,a,r,g,e,-,c,r,o,w,d,s,-,i,g,b,o,h,o,s,-,l,a,w,y,e,r,s,-,c,a,u,t,i,o,n,-,s,u,p,p,o,r,t,e,r,s,/" -15,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.",,"No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,S,c,r,e,e,n,s,h,o,t,_,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,2,1,_,a,t,_,1,6,-,0,0,-,4,7,_,T,_,o,n,_,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,p,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,M,d,u,Z,o,n,d,o,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,0,8,5,2,0,6,8,9,1,5,3,4,3,9,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,n,h,l,a,m,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,4,9,1,7,8,7,5,4,4,4,3,2,6,4,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,m,o,k,h,a,t,h,i,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,6,1,3,4,7,7,3,2,3,2,4,1,8,8,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,2,0,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,a,b,o,u,t,-,u,s,/,o,u,r,-,m,e,m,b,e,r,s,/,m,e,m,b,e,r,-,c,o,m,p,a,n,i,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,9,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,5,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,0,3,0,3,2,4,3,4,2,0,3,0,0,1,9,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,d,m,r,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,P,o,r,t,a,l,s,/,0,/,R,e,s,o,u,r,c,e,s,/,A,n,n,u,a,l,%,2,0,R,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,D,M,R,_,a,n,n,u,a,l,_,r,e,p,o,r,t,_,2,0,1,9,_,l,o,w,%,2,0,r,e,s,.,p,d,f,?,v,e,r,=,2,0,1,9,-,1,1,-,0,5,-,1,6,1,4,1,2,-,8,8,3,#,p,a,g,e,=,1,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,m,m,.,c,o,m,/,e,n,-,g,b,/,r,e,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,/,b,e,n,c,h,m,a,r,k,i,n,g,-,2,0,1,8,-,s,a,f,e,t,y,-,d,a,t,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,i,n,e,r,a,l,s,c,o,u,n,c,i,l,.,o,r,g,.,z,a,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,s,j,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,t,h,e,-,h,i,d,d,e,n,-,d,e,a,t,h,s,-,o,f,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,-,1,1,5,7,7,8,2,5,5,5,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,i,t,i,.,o,r,g,/,A,S,M,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,o,r,l,d,b,a,n,k,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,e,x,t,r,a,c,t,i,v,e,i,n,d,u,s,t,r,i,e,s,/,b,r,i,e,f,/,a,r,t,i,s,a,n,a,l,-,a,n,d,-,s,m,a,l,l,-,s,c,a,l,e,-,m,i,n,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,i,m,e,s,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,z,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,-,1,5,-,t,w,e,n,t,y,-,b,o,d,i,e,s,-,o,f,-,a,l,l,e,g,e,d,-,z,a,m,a,-,z,a,m,a,s,-,f,o,u,n,d,-,o,u,t,s,i,d,e,-,k,l,e,r,k,s,d,o,r,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,t,h,i,s,-,i,s,-,w,h,a,t,-,w,e,-,d,i,e,-,f,o,r,-,h,u,m,a,n,-,r,i,g,h,t,s,-,a,b,u,s,e,s,-,i,n,-,t,h,e,-,d,e,m,o,c,r,a,t,i,c,-,r,e,p,u,b,l,i,c,-,o,f,-,t,h,e,-,c,o,n,g,o,-,p,o,w,e,r,-,t,h,e,-,g,l,o,b,a,l,-,t,r,a,d,e,-,i,n,-,c,o,b,a,l,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,a,m,n,e,s,t,y,u,s,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,d,i,r,t,y,_,m,e,t,a,l,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,o,x,f,a,m,.,o,r,g,/,e,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,e,a,r,t,h,w,o,r,k,s,.,o,r,g,/,c,m,s,/,a,s,s,e,t,s,/,u,p,l,o,a,d,s,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,p,u,b,l,i,c,a,t,i,o,n,s,/,D,i,r,t,y,M,e,t,a,l,s,_,W,o,r,k,e,r,s,.,p,d,f,#,p,a,g,e,=,2" -16,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”",,Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,5,3,4,7,0,5,9,8,3,7,4,0,0,0,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,1,6,2,9,6,4,9,8,6,0,7,5,6,0,6,1,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,X,e,w,-,F,y,o,s,d,U,N,v,m,F,i,Q,H,u,2,W,m,j,B,T,b,E,0,I,-,j,l,6,f,F,v,T,m,V,0,n,Z,L,l,l,E,a,K,q,8,2,p,D,D,0,k,J,l,1,k,s,h,M,k,y,h,X,x,K,F,0,T,8,Y,L,X,_,s,3,b,U,y,z,E,t,Z,R,a,H,-,b,D,e,D,u,N,0,n,0,s,c,1,H,b,g,p,3,l,2,k,A,a,I,K,L,J,U,p,z,f,2,F,-,2,u,7,t,f,o,Q,U,6,o,5,e,4,r,M,3,j,I,M,N,j,N,2,h,Z,K,W,9,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,h,e,n,a,t,i,o,n,o,n,l,i,n,e,n,g,.,n,e,t,/,i,n,t,e,r,e,s,t,i,n,g,-,f,a,c,t,s,-,z,o,b,o,-,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,d,r,i,n,k,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,n,t,/,r,o,s,e,l,l,e,-,p,l,a,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,h,s,.,u,k,/,s,e,a,r,c,h,/,r,e,s,u,l,t,s,?,q,=,F,e,v,e,r,&,p,a,g,e,=,0,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,e,a,l,t,h,.,h,a,r,v,a,r,d,.,e,d,u,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,b,a,s,i,c,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,f,e,v,e,r,/,s,y,m,p,t,o,m,s,-,c,a,u,s,e,s,/,s,y,c,-,2,0,3,5,2,7,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,m,a,i,d,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,o,n,g,d,o,m,.,o,r,g,/,p,r,o,c,e,e,d,i,n,g,s,/,a,r,b,o,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,i,n,f,e,c,t,i,o,n,s,-,i,n,-,s,u,s,p,e,c,t,e,d,-,f,e,b,r,i,l,e,-,m,a,l,a,r,i,a,-,a,n,d,-,t,y,p,h,o,i,d,-,p,a,t,i,e,n,t,s,-,a,-,w,o,r,r,i,s,o,m,e,-,s,i,t,u,a,t,i,o,n,-,i,n,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,-,8,5,.,h,t,m,l" -17,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.",,Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,L,u,c,-,M,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,.,p,h,p,?,f,b,i,d,=,2,9,6,1,1,1,4,4,9,0,8,8,2,0,4,4,&,s,e,t,=,a,.,1,4,1,6,4,5,3,8,5,5,3,4,8,1,2,3,&,t,y,p,e,=,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,1,0,0,0,0,2,8,6,9,5,8,3,1,2,0,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,3,8,5,9,0,0,4,1,7,7,5,3,8,5,3,0,/,?,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,P,j,H,9,c,i,h,f,L,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,6,/,m,a,s,s,%,2,0,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,o,p,i,c,/,N,o,b,e,l,-,P,r,i,z,e,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,e,d,i,a,t,h,e,q,u,e,.,l,i,n,d,a,u,-,n,o,b,e,l,.,o,r,g,/,l,a,u,r,e,a,t,e,s,/,m,o,n,t,a,g,n,i,e,r,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,r,a,i,r,f,o,u,n,d,a,t,i,o,n,.,c,o,m,/,a,b,o,u,t,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,l,i,f,e,s,i,t,e,n,e,w,s,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,n,o,b,e,l,-,p,r,i,z,e,-,w,i,n,n,e,r,-,m,a,s,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,a,n,-,u,n,a,c,c,e,p,t,a,b,l,e,-,m,i,s,t,a,k,e,-,t,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,c,r,e,a,t,i,n,g,-,t,h,e,-,v,a,r,i,a,n,t,s" -18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.",,Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,5,6,7,7,9,0,0,5,6,9,9,4,9,3,3,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,a,.,5,6,8,0,1,6,0,1,0,3,0,5,6,7,1,/,5,9,6,2,5,6,3,8,4,1,4,8,3,0,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,m,a,y,o,c,l,i,n,i,c,.,o,r,g,/,d,i,s,e,a,s,e,s,-,c,o,n,d,i,t,i,o,n,s,/,l,o,w,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,/,d,i,a,g,n,o,s,i,s,-,t,r,e,a,t,m,e,n,t,/,d,r,c,-,2,0,3,7,4,5,9,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,l,o,r,i,n,.,e,d,u,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,n,o,-,c,o,m,b,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,-,f,r,u,i,t,-,a,n,d,-,s,p,i,c,e,s,-,w,o,n,t,-,b,o,o,s,t,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,f,b,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,m,i,x,t,u,r,e,-,b,i,t,t,e,r,-,k,o,l,a,-,p,o,w,d,e,r,-,h,o,n,e,y,-,a,n,d,-,g,i,n,g,e,r,-,n,o,-,c,u,r,e,-,l,o,w,-,o,r,-,n,o,-,s,p,e,r,m,-,c,o,u,n,t" -19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.",,Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,.,o,r,g,/,y,o,u,r,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,g,l,a,n,d,s,-,a,n,d,-,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,-,a,-,t,o,-,z,/,h,o,r,m,o,n,e,s,/,i,n,s,u,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,f,a,c,t,-,s,h,e,e,t,s,/,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,t,e,r,f,a,t,o,m,i,l,o,l,a,o,f,f,i,c,i,a,l,p,a,g,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,5,5,2,2,1,5,9,4,4,9,6,9,9,4,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,t,o,p,i,c,s,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,#,t,a,b,=,t,a,b,_,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,d,i,r,e,c,t,.,c,o,m,/,s,c,i,e,n,c,e,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,p,i,i,/,S,2,4,5,2,3,1,6,X,1,7,3,0,0,8,1,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,h,y,t,o,j,o,u,r,n,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,c,h,i,v,e,s,/,2,0,1,6,/,v,o,l,5,i,s,s,u,e,3,/,P,a,r,t,A,/,5,-,2,-,2,1,-,5,1,8,.,p,d,f,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,n,i,b,e,n,.,e,d,u,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,d,i,a,b,e,t,e,s,/,b,a,s,i,c,s,/,t,y,p,e,2,.,h,t,m,l" -20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.",,Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,8,1,0,7,3,5,4,0,5,7,7,6,9,1,&,i,d,=,1,0,5,0,2,3,6,2,4,8,4,9,3,5,0,&,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,0,Y,H,H,6,b,w,R,B,X,e,-,T,m,5,2,Z,x,F,F,Y,V,t,N,i,2,4,2,-,B,s,0,Z,K,o,Z,n,9,0,_,q,Y,y,P,b,q,X,S,j,t,N,r,H,M,e,m,T,g,l,J,b,0,A,S,i,c,t,B,n,U,G,2,Y,F,1,y,p,V,p,m,O,Z,l,p,f,L,C,l,t,D,Q,j,2,T,q,I,R,Z,t,O,v,7,U,S,b,2,B,a,Z,w,a,M,W,F,M,G,g,N,h,M,b,i,_,F,V,I,h,f,V,4,s,P,X,6,K,i,f,v,X,u,m,Z,q,x,Y,T,9,f,p,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,%,2,C,O,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,2,0,8,9,5,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,c,h,i,e,f,-,o,f,-,a,r,m,y,-,s,t,a,f,f,-,l,t,-,g,e,n,-,i,b,r,a,h,i,m,-,a,t,t,a,h,i,r,u,-,d,i,e,s,-,i,n,-,a,i,r,-,c,r,a,s,h,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,r,e,m,i,u,m,t,i,m,e,s,n,g,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,h,e,a,d,l,i,n,e,s,/,4,3,7,8,5,2,-,e,x,c,l,u,s,i,v,e,-,1,2,7,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,w,w,w,.,i,c,i,r,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,.,o,r,g,/,w,h,y,-,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,r,e,s,i,g,n,e,d,-,f,r,o,m,-,n,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,q,2,-,o,f,-,2,0,2,0,-,r,e,p,s,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,d,a,i,l,y,t,r,u,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,3,8,6,-,s,o,l,d,i,e,r,s,-,q,u,i,t,-,a,r,m,y,-,i,n,-,1,-,y,e,a,r,-,r,e,p,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,r,m,y,.,m,i,l,.,n,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,H,Q,N,i,g,e,r,i,a,n,A,r,m,y" -21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.",,"No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,k,u,l,u,.,g,o,.,t,z,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,.,c,o,.,t,z,/,t,a,n,z,a,n,i,a,/,n,e,w,s,/,m,i,n,i,s,t,e,r,-,l,u,g,o,l,a,-,l,a,u,n,c,h,e,s,-,a,t,t,a,c,k,-,o,n,-,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,-,u,s,e,r,-,k,i,g,o,g,o,-,a,h,e,a,d,-,o,f,-,c,i,v,i,c,-,p,o,l,l,s,-,2,6,9,5,9,8,8,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,2,9,9,2,7,4,0,4,9,4,6,1,6,4,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,4,9,8,0,0,8,0,3,1,4,7,1,4,3,3,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,k,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,5,1,8,6,9,3,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,6,4,3,7,8,5,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,5,8,7,6,8,8,6,7,8,1,0,3,9,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,7,8,7,0,8,7,1,7,8,6,6,0,0,0,5,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,i,k,u,l,u,.,m,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,s,i,t,e,s,/,d,e,f,a,u,l,t,/,f,i,l,e,s,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,i,m,a,g,e,s,/,2,0,2,1,-,0,7,/,K,i,g,o,g,o,2,0,1,4,T,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,J,P,G,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,e,b,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,I,k,u,l,u,-,M,a,w,a,s,i,l,i,a,n,o,-,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9,/,?,_,_,c,f,t,_,_,%,5,b,0,%,5,d,=,A,Z,W,m,2,B,-,o,-,K,7,n,t,s,m,7,I,N,5,C,y,5,w,_,2,6,G,O,S,i,Z,R,C,h,e,T,S,p,_,F,Z,v,K,4,J,s,V,H,s,l,r,y,i,c,D,j,S,a,r,N,S,8,U,6,F,g,z,4,H,o,z,X,k,-,_,L,K,i,w,I,E,w,R,D,X,W,r,y,Z,2,A,K,N,N,_,Q,N,A,r,c,P,C,F,C,F,4,Y,a,V,j,H,m,Q,O,u,G,z,_,5,X,q,-,M,Q,1,q,-,O,y,0,H,3,U,y,0,s,M,F,p,b,E,C,C,w,q,z,B,z,0,D,8,j,&,_,_,t,n,_,_,=,-,U,C,%,2,C,P,-,R,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,2,9,5,1,3,8,8,9,2,8,4,0,2,6,&,i,d,=,1,0,0,4,0,2,3,2,8,8,6,1,8,4,9" -22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.",,"Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,a,s,h,i,n,g,t,o,n,p,o,s,t,.,c,o,m,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,7,/,1,3,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,z,u,m,a,-,p,r,o,t,e,s,t,s,-,v,i,o,l,e,n,c,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,o,r,l,d,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,-,5,7,6,5,0,5,1,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,a,f,r,i,c,a,c,h,e,c,k,.,o,r,g,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,s,/,r,e,p,o,r,t,s,/,b,e,w,a,r,e,-,y,o,u,-,s,h,a,r,e,-,t,h,e,s,e,-,s,h,u,t,d,o,w,n,s,a,-,v,i,d,e,o,s,-,a,r,e,-,m,i,s,l,e,a,d,i,n,g,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,S,a,m,m,y,J,o,e,D,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,1,6,0,5,6,8,3,0,6,6,1,3,8,2,1,4,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,U,l,u,n,d,i,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,4,m,2,!,3,m,1,!,1,s,0,x,1,e,f,0,6,3,6,c,8,6,b,2,2,0,c,3,:,0,x,c,b,1,d,d,6,6,c,5,0,c,6,9,7,4,d,?,s,a,=,X,&,v,e,d,=,2,a,h,U,K,E,w,i,W,i,K,n,D,5,f,j,x,A,h,X,3,Q,U,E,A,H,Z,W,1,A,x,s,Q,8,g,E,w,J,H,o,E,C,F,M,Q,A,Q,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,1,8,1,1,,,3,1,.,4,2,9,1,3,9,5,,,3,a,,,7,5,y,,,2,2,5,.,2,6,h,,,8,3,.,3,3,t,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,7,!,1,e,1,!,3,m,5,!,1,s,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,!,2,e,0,!,6,s,h,t,t,p,s,:,%,2,F,%,2,F,s,t,r,e,e,t,v,i,e,w,p,i,x,e,l,s,-,p,a,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,a,p,i,s,.,c,o,m,%,2,F,v,1,%,2,F,t,h,u,m,b,n,a,i,l,%,3,F,p,a,n,o,i,d,%,3,D,v,j,O,b,6,-,w,X,x,o,Z,C,s,x,q,h,w,V,g,5,X,Q,%,2,6,c,b,_,c,l,i,e,n,t,%,3,D,m,a,p,s,_,s,v,.,t,a,c,t,i,l,e,.,g,p,s,%,2,6,w,%,3,D,2,0,3,%,2,6,h,%,3,D,1,0,0,%,2,6,y,a,w,%,3,D,3,0,4,.,4,8,0,2,2,%,2,6,p,i,t,c,h,%,3,D,0,%,2,6,t,h,u,m,b,f,o,v,%,3,D,1,0,0,!,7,i,1,3,3,1,2,!,8,i,6,6,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,5,4,6,5,2,,,3,1,.,4,2,8,1,4,8,4,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,o,g,l,e,.,c,o,m,/,m,a,p,s,/,@,-,2,8,.,2,9,2,4,6,0,3,,,3,1,.,4,2,5,2,6,2,3,,,3,2,9,m,/,d,a,t,a,=,!,3,m,1,!,1,e,3,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,l,u,n,d,i,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,m,m" -23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.",,"No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,r,u,t,h,.,s,u,o,w,a,r,i,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,4,1,8,7,5,0,1,6,2,5,8,7,5,2,0,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,o,e,m,o,s,i,s,/,v,i,d,e,o,s,/,1,1,6,8,6,6,3,4,0,0,3,1,3,2,3,6,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,m,b,o,k,a,z,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,4,8,4,1,5,8,0,2,0,5,3,0,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,a,n,e,w,s,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,o,u,t,h,-,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,-,f,i,e,l,d,s,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,e,d,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,o,v,.,z,a,/,s,p,e,e,c,h,e,s,/,m,e,c,-,n,o,m,a,g,u,g,u,-,s,i,m,e,l,a,n,e,-,w,e,l,c,o,m,e,s,-,d,i,s,m,i,s,s,a,l,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,C,m,a,g,n,e,t,%,E,2,%,8,0,%,9,D,-,c,l,a,i,m,s,-,h,o,a,x,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,w,h,o,.,i,n,t,/,n,e,w,s,-,r,o,o,m,/,q,-,a,-,d,e,t,a,i,l,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,n,d,-,i,m,m,u,n,i,z,a,t,i,o,n,-,w,h,a,t,-,i,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,a,t,i,o,n,?,t,o,p,i,c,s,u,r,v,e,y,=,),&,g,c,l,i,d,=,C,j,w,K,C,A,j,w,r,u,S,H,B,h,A,t,E,i,w,A,_,q,C,p,p,k,x,j,3,N,W,U,i,M,N,Q,3,b,e,3,9,D,V,5,y,P,f,Z,1,9,F,0,O,0,Y,r,B,_,N,q,n,0,Z,l,4,w,7,r,s,n,2,q,R,5,9,3,9,R,o,C,v,b,E,Q,A,v,D,_,B,w,E,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,4,1,4,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,4,6,3,8,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,d,a,.,g,o,v,/,m,e,d,i,a,/,1,4,6,3,0,5,/,d,o,w,n,l,o,a,d,#,p,a,g,e,=,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,c,d,c,.,g,o,v,/,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,/,2,0,1,9,-,n,c,o,v,/,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,/,f,a,c,t,s,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,i,d,U,S,L,2,N,2,N,4,1,K,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,d,e,s,k,.,o,r,g,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,s,/,w,h,a,t,-,d,o,-,w,e,-,k,n,o,w,-,a,b,o,u,t,-,t,h,e,-,p,f,i,z,e,r,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,a,n,d,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,s,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,u,s,a,t,o,d,a,y,.,c,o,m,/,s,t,o,r,y,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,/,2,0,2,1,/,0,6,/,2,1,/,f,a,c,t,-,c,h,e,c,k,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,s,-,a,r,e,n,t,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,7,6,9,8,5,5,6,0,0,2,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,j,a,c,a,r,a,n,d,a,f,m,.,c,o,m,/,s,h,o,w,s,/,m,o,r,n,i,n,g,s,-,w,i,t,h,-,m,a,c,k,/,w,a,t,c,h,-,c,o,v,i,d,-,1,9,-,v,a,c,c,i,n,e,-,w,o,n,t,-,m,a,k,e,-,y,o,u,-,m,a,g,n,e,t,i,c,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,b,c,.,c,o,m,/,n,e,w,s,/,a,v,/,5,7,2,0,7,1,3,4" -24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.",,State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, 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-25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.",,No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,k,e,n,y,a,p,o,l,i,t,f,o,r,u,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,2,8,7,1,8,7,9,8,5,6,4,4,4,1,1,7,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,w,h,o,-,i,s,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,t,h,e,-,n,e,w,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,-,d,e,p,u,t,y,-,g,o,v,e,r,n,o,r,-,3,1,1,1,8,1,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,p,u,l,s,e,l,i,v,e,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,l,o,c,a,l,/,j,u,b,i,l,e,e,-,p,a,r,t,y,s,-,m,e,s,s,a,g,e,-,t,o,-,a,n,n,e,-,k,a,n,a,n,u,-,m,w,e,n,d,a,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,t,a,k,i,n,g,-,o,v,e,r,-,a,s,-,a,c,t,i,n,g,-,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,/,3,h,5,j,g,g,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,u,s,i,n,e,s,s,d,a,i,l,y,a,f,r,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,d,/,l,i,f,e,s,t,y,l,e,/,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,s,t,r,a,i,g,h,t,-,s,h,o,o,t,e,r,-,n,o,-,h,o,s,t,a,g,e,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,s,t,r,e,e,t,-,n,a,m,e,-,3,4,2,5,6,4,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,o,t,u,-,k,e,n,y,a,.,o,r,g,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,t,w,o,l,i,D,z,a,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,3,9,7,8,9,4,7,7,4,7,8,7,6,1,6,7,7,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,c,i,t,i,z,e,n,t,v,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,n,e,w,s,/,f,r,a,n,c,i,s,-,a,t,w,o,l,i,-,r,o,a,d,-,s,i,g,n,-,i,n,-,k,i,l,e,l,e,s,h,w,a,-,b,u,r,n,t,-,d,o,w,n,-,1,1,9,3,2,7,0,8,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,e,n,t,e,r,t,a,i,n,m,e,n,t,/,n,a,i,n,o,t,e,p,a,d,/,2,0,0,1,3,0,8,3,3,6,/,d,a,v,i,d,-,m,u,r,a,t,h,e,-,t,h,e,-,c,h,i,e,f,-,c,h,e,f,-,i,n,-,u,h,u,r,u,s,-,k,i,t,c,h,e,n,-,c,a,b,i,n,e,t,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,M,i,k,e,S,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,s,t,a,n,d,a,r,d,m,e,d,i,a,.,c,o,.,k,e,/,p,o,l,i,t,i,c,s,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,2,0,0,1,3,9,7,6,5,7,/,i,t,s,-,o,v,e,r,-,f,o,r,-,s,o,n,k,o,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,.,a,f,r,i,c,a,/,k,e,n,y,a,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,h,o,t,o,?,f,b,i,d,=,1,0,2,1,9,5,4,5,1,1,6,0,8,1,7,5,0,&,s,e,t,=,b,c,.,A,b,o,0,I,S,O,g,d,B,j,L,R,J,s,p,5,p,Z,m,V,g,W,q,u,S,o,i,l,J,F,5,a,q,w,B,g,A,h,8,v,V,r,E,w,N,6,T,q,i,P,j,Z,Q,m,E,-,i,e,Y,H,5,4,Q,s,b,c,8,z,q,3,C,R,5,X,o,O,N,V,i,c,D,S,S,r,c,j,s,N,Q,M,G,9,S,G,m,p,2,2,T,E,E,P,x,c,5,Y,U,8,7,w,4,K,c,g,z,j,8,O,3,c,Q,u,3,5,A,h,V,d,h,2,j,Y,p,V,Y,M,5,Y,Z,U,r,D,5,X,l,j,-,4,b,L,r,S,_,0,n,y,H,s,g,s,Q,l,o,5,j,h,q,7,N,b,9,B,e,G,C,E,J,9,9,j,q,X,L,U,A,3,x,t,t,j,W,p,S,a,x,r,R,g,f,Y,T,n,h,a,_,v,i,n,z,b,p,2,f,H,0,N,H,5,g,H,P,M,I,Y,4,A,n,r,X,5,Q,T,J,R,I,s,9,4,Y,T,u,K,r,V,o,y,j,y,i,e,D,k,D,7,J,L,o,C,D,Q,F,Y,A,y,3,k,a,l,n,C,n,2,F,k,I,g,M,a,9,q,J,w,s,F,6,W,I,W,7,5,t,j,z,q,s,J,H,a,4,8,d,S,-,x,Y,v,B,u,D,-,-,u,G,q,c,v,a,Z,7,V,1,8,r,j,V,p,V,R,w,R,M,1,U,e,p,y,0,e,J,V,X,X,k,D,t,Y,B,C,H,v,4,e,S,9,X,G,F,B,6,Y,E,D,W,d,n,C,z,S,X,t,N,D,f,c,R,V,6,m,0,q,F,j,e,P,u,M,&,o,p,a,q,u,e,C,u,r,s,o,r,=,A,b,p,y,S,r,K,d,z,k,X,n,O,L,a,M,M,m,f,8,X,W,M,h,r,G,t,d,J,s,2,N,o,t,E,y,4,b,P,w,n,k,o,r,w,a,9,1,N,9,R,l,m,W,Y,5,U,b,a,v,8,i,r,i,a,B,E,k,f,X,T,M,J,N,p,_,I,M,T,L,m,O,P,X,g,K,b,f,7,l,9,X,B,-,x,j,A,V,z,d,N,o,0,p,c,0,4,V,M,N,_,q,p,G,T,2,E,i,w,c,h,a,d,F,Q,J,0,I,D,e,5,5,-,q,W,U,j,v,V,j,b,t,O,k,u,A,9,2,R,n,m,M,2,U,Y,h,y,W,b,4,v,_,u,-,c,3,N,z,t,Q,3,K,V,u,i,L,E,_,h,U,t,A,6,j,3,a,X,T,E,p,3,E,f,G,9,H,u,z,Z,m,7,K,I,7,Z,n,N,1,g,L,v,O,z,J,h,Y,_,K,1,w,3,X,2,0,s,V,W,y,i,B,e,E,p,c,t,q,V,R,R,1,X,4,1,2,c,-,i,C,O,x,k,y,u,a,W,P,l,2,X,0,g,c,C,p,8,j,E,U,j,T,t,4,L,b,Y,a,7,d,2,2,I,U,u,0,N,4,1,G,V,U,Q,C,e,x,p,k,l,Q,o,I,k,_,S,S,z,s,3,5,C,y,8,q,B,7,u,d,X,R,e,m,I,J,l,M,_,5,J,w,S,I,a,2,R,v,Y,0,s,1,u,D,L,x,A,g,z,U,6,t,X,a,E,A,v,I,q,A,K,h,U,J,M,4,H,5,3,c,o,G,m,r,2,g,Z,h,V,1,M,u,Z,N,L,h,E,7,J,Z,A,P,w,n,Q,U,Q,s,x,D,9,Z,S,W,F,F,p,b,A,F,t,z,m,A,k,1,H,t,5,x,F,3,K,4,_,S,s,P,c,8,2,h,x,W,I,i,a,M,y,w,0,P,N,t,_,z,T,7,g,Q,w,P,V,M,C,W,o,k,t,J,R,O,L,N,O,q,G,O,m,g,y,m,N,6,h,S,A,z,L,c,q,m,K,G,d,V,S,3,t,Y,D,7,e,j,F,B,h,I,Y,J,5,A,5,8,U,x,3,t,j,j,2,L,8,c,s,U,2,S,j,6,k,9,G,h,O,j,_,5,p,u,B,6,k,A,C,T,e,w,y,1,q,o,h,z,E,y,M,Y,r,E,X,A,Y,M,5,d,i,z,x,_,_,o,C,9,6,h,f,5,Y,U,L,j,H,Q,q,f,0,T,2,F,Y,G,Y,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,k,h,a,l,i,f,o,i,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,1,0,2,2,0,9,7,0,4,9,4,1,8,4,5,9,5,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,g,r,o,u,p,s,/,3,0,6,1,7,6,0,5,4,3,9,0,7,3,8,6,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,/,4,2,2,6,0,0,8,6,9,7,4,8,2,5,5,9,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,e,r,m,a,l,i,n,k,.,p,h,p,?,s,t,o,r,y,_,f,b,i,d,=,1,9,2,2,2,9,3,0,6,1,5,0,9,5,2,&,i,d,=,1,0,3,0,4,1,9,4,1,7,3,6,3,5,6,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,n,a,t,i,o,n,/,p,h,o,t,o,s,/,1,0,1,5,9,8,2,3,7,7,1,3,1,9,4,9,7,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,?,r,e,f,_,s,r,c,=,t,w,s,r,c,%,5,E,t,f,w,%,7,C,t,w,c,a,m,p,%,5,E,e,m,b,e,d,d,e,d,t,i,m,e,l,i,n,e,%,7,C,t,w,t,e,r,m,%,5,E,p,r,o,f,i,l,e,%,3,A,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,%,7,C,t,w,g,r,%,5,E,e,y,J,0,Z,n,d,f,Z,X,h,w,Z,X,J,p,b,W,V,u,d,H,N,f,Y,2,9,v,a,2,l,l,X,2,V,4,c,G,l,y,Y,X,R,p,b,2,4,i,O,n,s,i,Y,n,V,j,a,2,V,0,I,j,o,x,M,j,A,5,N,j,A,w,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,2,h,v,c,m,l,6,b,2,5,f,d,H,d,l,Z,X,R,f,Z,W,1,i,Z,W,R,f,O,T,U,1,N,S,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,o,d,G,U,i,L,C,J,2,Z,X,J,z,a,W,9,u,I,j,p,u,d,W,x,s,f,S,w,i,d,G,Z,3,X,3,R,3,Z,W,V,0,X,2,V,t,Y,m,V,k,X,2,N,s,a,W,N,r,Y,W,J,p,b,G,l,0,e,V,8,x,M,j,E,w,M,i,I,6,e,y,J,i,d,W,N,r,Z,X,Q,i,O,i,J,j,b,2,5,0,c,m,9,s,I,i,w,i,d,m,V,y,c,2,l,v,b,i,I,6,b,n,V,s,b,H,1,9,&,r,e,f,_,u,r,l,=,h,t,t,p,s,%,3,A,%,2,F,%,2,F,n,a,i,r,o,b,i,.,g,o,.,k,e,%,2,F,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,0,4,7,C,o,u,n,t,y,/,s,t,a,t,u,s,/,1,4,0,5,1,7,0,3,9,7,3,6,9,2,8,2,5,6,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,t,w,i,t,t,e,r,.,c,o,m,/,A,n,n,K,M,w,e,n,d,a,1" -26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.",,"No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,,"h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,f,a,c,e,b,o,o,k,.,c,o,m,/,u,g,a,n,d,a,z,u,k,u,k,a,/,p,o,s,t,s,/,2,6,7,8,3,9,3,9,1,2,4,5,9,2,3,9,?,_,_,x,t,s,_,_,[,0,],=,6,8,.,A,R,C,x,F,U,l,L,6,P,E,t,E,O,a,3,K,A,a,w,j,z,p,i,X,b,e,_,D,c,T,9,R,Y,E,D,p,T,U,T,j,d,o,1,1,l,m,V,Y,3,c,R,O,4,J,3,R,P,4,7,8,M,C,W,J,N,0,H,m,w,6,Y,a,b,-,g,Z,9,R,E,r,L,I,W,K,1,6,j,h,X,Q,o,U,1,u,3,X,b,l,P,g,U,E,4,P,E,1,4,i,G,1,Z,L,q,l,F,r,T,9,Z,L,0,w,3,7,G,z,m,n,p,8,H,r,G,M,R,8,y,g,n,k,0,X,S,V,G,f,F,y,0,F,w,s,d,0,k,k,p,l,s,G,0,X,e,p,w,f,i,E,H,a,7,J,Q,z,4,B,K,j,g,_,N,w,P,a,I,5,j,L,L,d,W,j,P,T,H,Q,n,k,e,S,d,f,f,X,A,3,-,2,D,q,2,E,Z,y,F,8,5,V,l,0,j,M,P,n,y,U,G,8,W,p,Q,E,m,N,c,n,n,y,u,-,W,L,Y,N,3,g,U,G,t,_,E,d,X,-,Z,7,G,U,8,S,2,P,s,z,A,c,6,S,k,j,z,9,N,d,H,x,o,P,A,r,O,L,m,a,A,t,I,Z,H,A,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,b,i,o,g,r,a,p,h,y,/,V,l,a,d,i,m,i,r,-,P,u,t,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,S,o,c,h,i,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,9,C,2,h,a,i,p,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,2,C,0,h,3,2,C,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,i,n,s,t,a,g,r,a,m,.,c,o,m,/,p,/,C,K,d,6,q,K,k,h,l,J,_,/,,,h,t,t,p,:,/,/,a,r,c,h,v,i,z,u,a,l,.,c,o,m,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,a,c,t,c,h,e,c,k,.,a,f,p,.,c,o,m,/,p,i,c,t,u,r,e,-,s,h,o,w,s,-,d,e,s,i,g,n,-,c,o,n,c,e,p,t,-,h,o,u,s,e,-,c,r,e,a,t,e,d,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,b,a,s,e,d,-,a,r,c,h,i,t,e,c,t,?,f,b,c,l,i,d,=,I,w,A,R,1,m,z,H,U,2,h,p,d,6,K,U,O,B,w,X,i,E,v,1,P,D,M,1,x,t,h,1,q,m,9,d,b,N,N,A,G,f,v,W,K,Z,i,b,c,-,N,t,C,Q,S,B,y,Z,X,Q,U,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,e,w,s,w,e,e,k,.,c,o,m,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,d,e,n,i,e,s,-,n,a,v,a,l,n,y,-,b,l,a,c,k,-,s,e,a,-,p,a,l,a,c,e,-,e,x,p,o,s,e,-,1,5,6,4,2,2,2,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,n,y,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,1,2,/,1,3,/,w,o,r,l,d,/,e,u,r,o,p,e,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,o,f,f,i,c,e,-,s,o,c,h,i,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,f,e,r,l,.,o,r,g,/,a,/,2,4,6,9,0,5,4,3,.,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,r,e,u,t,e,r,s,.,c,o,m,/,a,r,t,i,c,l,e,/,u,s,-,h,e,a,l,t,h,-,c,o,r,o,n,a,v,i,r,u,s,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,p,u,t,i,n,-,i,d,U,S,K,B,N,2,3,N,3,B,4,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,t,e,c,h,n,o,l,o,g,y,/,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,v,i,d,e,o,/,1,7,9,9,0,7,/,O,v,e,r,v,i,e,w,-,K,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,b,r,i,t,a,n,n,i,c,a,.,c,o,m,/,p,l,a,c,e,/,M,o,s,c,o,w,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,g,l,o,b,a,l,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,n,/,c,o,n,t,e,n,t,/,1,2,1,0,1,2,1,.,s,h,t,m,l,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,f,o,r,e,i,g,n,p,o,l,i,c,y,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,1,9,/,0,8,/,0,6,/,t,h,e,r,e,s,-,m,o,r,e,-,t,o,-,r,u,s,s,i,a,-,t,h,a,n,-,p,u,t,i,n,/,,,h,t,t,p,s,:,/,/,w,w,w,.,t,h,e,m,o,s,c,o,w,t,i,m,e,s,.,c,o,m,/,2,0,2,0,/,0,4,/,0,1,/,p,u,t,i,n,-,w,o,r,k,i,n,g,-,r,e,m,o,t,e,l,y,-,a,f,t,e,r,-,m,e,e,t,i,n,g,-,i,n,f,e,c,t,e,d,-,d,o,c,t,o,r,-,k,r,e,m,l,i,n,-,s,a,y,s,-,a,6,9,8,2,6" +0,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, +1,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, +2,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, +3,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, +4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, +5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, +6,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, +7,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, +8,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, +9,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, +10,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, +11,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, +12,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, +13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, +14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, +15,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, +16,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, +17,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, +18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.","https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-combination-fruit-and-spices-wont-boost-sperm-count,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/mixture-bitter-kola-powder-honey-and-ginger-no-cure-low-or-no-sperm-count",Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,, +19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.","https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/insulin,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17300819,https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-21-518.pdf,https://www.uniben.edu/,https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html",Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,, +20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.","https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=181073540577691&id=105023624849350&__cft__%5b0%5d=AZW0YHH6bwRBXe-Tm52ZxFFYVtNi242-Bs0ZKoZn90_qYyPbqXSjtNrHMemTglJb0ASictBnUG2YF1ypVpmOZlpfLCltDQj2TqIRZtOv7USb2BaZwaMWFMGgNhMbi_FVIhfV4sPX6KifvXumZqxYT9fp&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57208951,https://army.mil.ng/chief-of-army-staff-lt-gen-ibrahim-attahiru-dies-in-air-crash/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/437852-exclusive-127-soldiers-resign-from-nigerian-army.html,https://www.icirnigeria.org/why-3https:/www.icirnigeria.org/why-386-soldiers-resigned-from-nigerian-army-in-q2-of-2020-reps/,https://dailytrust.com/386-soldiers-quit-army-in-1-year-reps,https://army.mil.ng/,https://twitter.com/HQNigerianArmy",Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,, +21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.","https://www.ikulu.go.tz/,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/permalink/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014.JPG,https://www.facebook.com/ikulu.mawasiliano,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014Twitter.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849,https://web.facebook.com/Ikulu-Mawasiliano-100402328861849/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZWm2B-o-K7ntsm7IN5Cy5w_26GOSiZRCheTSp_FZvK4JsVHslryicDjSarNS8U6Fgz4HozXk-_LKiwIEwRDXWryZ2AKNN_QNArcPCFCF4YaVjHmQOuGz_5Xq-MQ1q-Oy0H3Uy0sMFpbECCwqzBz0D8j&__tn__=-UC%2CP-R,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849","No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,, +22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/south-africa-zuma-protests-violence/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57650517,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/beware-you-share-these-shutdownsa-videos-are-misleading,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ulundi/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1ef0636c86b220c3:0xcb1dd66c50c6974d?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWiKnD5fjxAhX3QUEAHZW1AxsQ8gEwJHoECFMQAQ,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2951811,31.4291395,3a,75y,225.26h,83.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1svjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DvjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D304.48022%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2954652,31.4281484,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2924603,31.4252623,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.ulundi.gov.za/office-mm","Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,, +23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.","https://www.facebook.com/ruth.suowari/videos/418750162587520/,https://www.facebook.com/poemosis/videos/1168663400313236/,https://www.facebook.com/mbokazi/posts/10224841580205302,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.gov.za/speeches/mec-nomagugu-simelane-welcomes-dismissal-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-%E2%80%9Cmagnet%E2%80%9D-claims-hoax,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination?topicsurvey=)&gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppkxj3NWUiMNQ3be39DV5yPfZ19F0O0YrB_Nqn0Zl4w7rsn2qR5939RoCvbEQAvD_BwE,https://www.fda.gov/,https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/144638/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/146305/download#page=2,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSL2N2N41KA,https://health-desk.org/articles/what-do-we-know-about-the-pfizer-vaccine-and-magnets,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/21/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-arent-magnetic/7698556002/,https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/mornings-with-mack/watch-covid-19-vaccine-wont-make-you-magnetic/,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134","No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,, +24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/State%20of%20Emergency.png,https://www.facebook.com/bevlee.naidoo/posts/10159575876567498,https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/Minister-Nkosazana-Dlamini-Zuma.aspx,https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nkosazana-clarice-dlamini-zuma,https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-17-this-is-us-those-trying-to-tear-south-africa-apart/,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/22/south-africa-unrest-death-toll-jumps-to-more-than-300,https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/505776/more-groups-call-for-state-of-emergency-in-south-africa/,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/pbl/staff/pdevos,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/,http://www.uct.ac.za/,https://www.gov.za/about-government/government-system/executive-authority-president-cabinet-and-deputy-ministers,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Specialists/Pages/Michael-Evans.aspx,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Pages/default.aspx,http://declared,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=3,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=5,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=7,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=14,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/states-emergency-south-africa-1960s-and-1980s,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22",State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, Dlamini-Zuma",,,,, +25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/kenyapolitforum/permalink/2871879856444117/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/jubilee-partys-message-to-anne-kananu-mwenda-after-taking-over-as-acting-nairobi/3h5jgg2,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/francis-atwoli-straight-shooter-no-hostages-over-street-name-3425646,https://cotu-kenya.org/,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/francis-atwoli-road-sign-in-kileleshwa-burnt-down-11932708/,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/nainotepad/2001308336/david-murathe-the-chief-chef-in-uhurus-kitchen-cabinet,https://twitter.com/MikeSonko,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/article/2001397657/its-over-for-sonko,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://nation.africa/kenya,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10219545116081750&set=bc.Abo0ISOgdBjLRJsp5pZmVgWquSoilJF5aqwBgAh8vVrEwN6TqiPjZQmE-ieYH54Qsbc8zq3CR5XoONVicDSSrcjsNQMG9SGmp22TEEPxc5YU87w4Kcgzj8O3cQu35AhVdh2jYpVYM5YZUrD5Xlj-4bLrS_0nyHsgsQlo5jhq7Nb9BeGCEJ99jqXLUA3xttjWpSaxrRgfYTnha_vinzbp2fH0NH5gHPMIY4AnrX5QTJRIs94YTuKrVoyjyieDkD7JLoCDQFYAy3kalnCn2FkIgMa9qJwsF6WIW75tjzqsJHa48dS-xYvBuD--uGqcvaZ7V18rjVpVRwRM1Uepy0eJVXXkDtYBCHv4eS9XGFB6YEDWdnCzSXtNDfcRV6m0qFjePuM&opaqueCursor=AbpySrKdzkXnOLaMMmf8XWMhrGtdJs2NotEy4bPwnkorwa91N9RlmWY5Ubav8iriaBEkfXTMJNp_IMTLmOPXgKbf7l9XB-xjAVzdNo0pc04VMN_qpGT2EiwchadFQJ0IDe55-qWUjvVjbtOkuA92RnmM2UYhyWb4v_u-c3NztQ3KVuiLE_hUtA6j3aXTEp3EfG9HuzZm7KI7ZnN1gLvOzJhY_K1w3X20sVWyiBeEpctqVRR1X412c-iCOxkyuaWPl2X0gcCp8jEUjTt4LbYa7d22IUu0N41GVUQCexpklQoIk_SSzs35Cy8qB7udXRemIJlM_5JwSIa2RvY0s1uDLxAgzU6tXaEAvIqAKhUJM4H53coGmr2gZhV1MuZNLhE7JZAPwnQUQsxD9ZSWFFpbAFtzmAk1Ht5xF3K4_SsPc82hxWIiaMyw0PNt_zT7gQwPVMCWoktJROLNOqGOmgymN6hSAzLcqmKGdVS3tYD7ejFBhIYJ5A58Ux3tjj2L8csU2Sj6k9GhOj_5puB6kACTewy1qohzEyMYrEXAYM5dizx__oC96hf5YULjHQqf0T2FYGY,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.facebook.com/groups/3061760543907386/permalink/4226008697482559,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/nation/photos/10159823771319497,https://nairobi.go.ke/,https://twitter.com/047County?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Eprofile%3A047County%7Ctwgr%5EeyJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2hvcml6b25fdHdlZXRfZW1iZWRfOTU1NSI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJodGUiLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3R3ZWV0X2VtYmVkX2NsaWNrYWJpbGl0eV8xMjEwMiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250cm9sIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH19&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fnairobi.go.ke%2F,https://twitter.com/047County/status/1405170397369282562,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1",No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,, +26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.","https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vladimir-Putin,https://www.britannica.com/place/Sochi,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd69C2haip/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd62C0h32C/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd6qKkhlJ_/,http://archvizual.com/,https://factcheck.afp.com/picture-shows-design-concept-house-created-russia-based-architect?fbclid=IwAR1mzHU2hpd6KUOBwXiEv1PDM1xth1qm9dbNNAGfvWKZibc-NtCQSByZXQU,https://www.newsweek.com/putin-denies-navalny-black-sea-palace-expose-1564222,https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/13/world/europe/putin-russia-office-sochi.html,https://www.rferl.org/a/24690543.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-putin-idUSKBN23N3B4,https://www.britannica.com/technology/kremlin,https://www.britannica.com/video/179907/Overview-Kremlin-Moscow,https://www.britannica.com/place/Moscow,https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1210121.shtml,https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/06/theres-more-to-russia-than-putin/,https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/04/01/putin-working-remotely-after-meeting-infected-doctor-kremlin-says-a69826","No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,, From b057d375eee30bd9a6ea8cfe9077e553d84077b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Wed, 28 Jul 2021 16:31:45 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 11/13] #15 update example CSV file + fix take into account maxclaims + fix KeyError exception --- .gitignore | 2 + claim_extractor/extractors/afpfactcheck.py | 11 ++- output_got.csv | 83 ++++++++++++++-------- output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv | 55 ++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) create mode 100644 output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index ce557c1..2ed4b0d 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ PolitifactFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log TruthorfictionFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log CheckyourfactFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log AfricacheckFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log +AfpfactcheckFactCheckingSiteExtractor_extraction_failed.log output_dev_fatabyyano.csv output_dev_vishvasnews.csv output_dev_aap.csv @@ -30,3 +31,4 @@ output_dev_politifact.csv output_dev_truthorfiction.csv output_dev_checkyourfact.csv output_dev_africacheck.csv +output_dev_afpfactcheck.csv diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/afpfactcheck.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/afpfactcheck.py index 247f7b2..9219105 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/afpfactcheck.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/afpfactcheck.py @@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ def retrieve_urls(self, parsed_listing_page: BeautifulSoup, listing_page_url: st str]: urls = self.extract_urls(parsed_listing_page) for page_number in trange(1, number_of_pages): + if ((page_number*15) + 14 >= self.configuration.maxClaims): + break url = listing_page_url + "?page=" + str(int(page_number)) page = caching.get(url, headers=self.headers, timeout=20) current_parsed_listing_page = BeautifulSoup(page, "lxml") @@ -102,6 +104,8 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: claim.set_date(data['@graph'][0]['itemReviewed']['datePublished']) except Exception: pass + except KeyError: + pass try: date = data['@graph'][0]['datePublished'] @@ -118,9 +122,10 @@ def extract_claim_and_review(self, parsed_claim_review_page: BeautifulSoup, url: try: if child.name == 'aside': continue - elems = child.findAll('a') - for elem in elems: - links.append(elem['href']) + if (child != "\n" and not " " ): + elems = child.findAll('a') + for elem in elems: + links.append(elem['href']) except Exception as e: continue claim.set_refered_links(links) diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index 7f6dd27..9b3aa1d 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,28 +1,55 @@ -,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, -1,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, -2,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, -3,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, -4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, -5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, -6,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, -7,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, -8,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, -9,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, -10,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, -11,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, -12,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, -13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, -14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, -15,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, -16,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, -17,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, -18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.","https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-combination-fruit-and-spices-wont-boost-sperm-count,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/mixture-bitter-kola-powder-honey-and-ginger-no-cure-low-or-no-sperm-count",Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,, -19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.","https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/insulin,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17300819,https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-21-518.pdf,https://www.uniben.edu/,https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html",Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,, -20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.","https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=181073540577691&id=105023624849350&__cft__%5b0%5d=AZW0YHH6bwRBXe-Tm52ZxFFYVtNi242-Bs0ZKoZn90_qYyPbqXSjtNrHMemTglJb0ASictBnUG2YF1ypVpmOZlpfLCltDQj2TqIRZtOv7USb2BaZwaMWFMGgNhMbi_FVIhfV4sPX6KifvXumZqxYT9fp&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57208951,https://army.mil.ng/chief-of-army-staff-lt-gen-ibrahim-attahiru-dies-in-air-crash/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/437852-exclusive-127-soldiers-resign-from-nigerian-army.html,https://www.icirnigeria.org/why-3https:/www.icirnigeria.org/why-386-soldiers-resigned-from-nigerian-army-in-q2-of-2020-reps/,https://dailytrust.com/386-soldiers-quit-army-in-1-year-reps,https://army.mil.ng/,https://twitter.com/HQNigerianArmy",Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,, -21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.","https://www.ikulu.go.tz/,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/permalink/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014.JPG,https://www.facebook.com/ikulu.mawasiliano,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014Twitter.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849,https://web.facebook.com/Ikulu-Mawasiliano-100402328861849/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZWm2B-o-K7ntsm7IN5Cy5w_26GOSiZRCheTSp_FZvK4JsVHslryicDjSarNS8U6Fgz4HozXk-_LKiwIEwRDXWryZ2AKNN_QNArcPCFCF4YaVjHmQOuGz_5Xq-MQ1q-Oy0H3Uy0sMFpbECCwqzBz0D8j&__tn__=-UC%2CP-R,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849","No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,, -22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/south-africa-zuma-protests-violence/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57650517,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/beware-you-share-these-shutdownsa-videos-are-misleading,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ulundi/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1ef0636c86b220c3:0xcb1dd66c50c6974d?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWiKnD5fjxAhX3QUEAHZW1AxsQ8gEwJHoECFMQAQ,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2951811,31.4291395,3a,75y,225.26h,83.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1svjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DvjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D304.48022%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2954652,31.4281484,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2924603,31.4252623,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.ulundi.gov.za/office-mm","Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,, -23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.","https://www.facebook.com/ruth.suowari/videos/418750162587520/,https://www.facebook.com/poemosis/videos/1168663400313236/,https://www.facebook.com/mbokazi/posts/10224841580205302,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.gov.za/speeches/mec-nomagugu-simelane-welcomes-dismissal-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-%E2%80%9Cmagnet%E2%80%9D-claims-hoax,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination?topicsurvey=)&gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppkxj3NWUiMNQ3be39DV5yPfZ19F0O0YrB_Nqn0Zl4w7rsn2qR5939RoCvbEQAvD_BwE,https://www.fda.gov/,https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/144638/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/146305/download#page=2,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSL2N2N41KA,https://health-desk.org/articles/what-do-we-know-about-the-pfizer-vaccine-and-magnets,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/21/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-arent-magnetic/7698556002/,https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/mornings-with-mack/watch-covid-19-vaccine-wont-make-you-magnetic/,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134","No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,, -24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/State%20of%20Emergency.png,https://www.facebook.com/bevlee.naidoo/posts/10159575876567498,https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/Minister-Nkosazana-Dlamini-Zuma.aspx,https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nkosazana-clarice-dlamini-zuma,https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-17-this-is-us-those-trying-to-tear-south-africa-apart/,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/22/south-africa-unrest-death-toll-jumps-to-more-than-300,https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/505776/more-groups-call-for-state-of-emergency-in-south-africa/,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/pbl/staff/pdevos,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/,http://www.uct.ac.za/,https://www.gov.za/about-government/government-system/executive-authority-president-cabinet-and-deputy-ministers,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Specialists/Pages/Michael-Evans.aspx,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Pages/default.aspx,http://declared,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=3,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=5,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=7,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=14,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/states-emergency-south-africa-1960s-and-1980s,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22",State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, Dlamini-Zuma",,,,, -25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/kenyapolitforum/permalink/2871879856444117/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/jubilee-partys-message-to-anne-kananu-mwenda-after-taking-over-as-acting-nairobi/3h5jgg2,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/francis-atwoli-straight-shooter-no-hostages-over-street-name-3425646,https://cotu-kenya.org/,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/francis-atwoli-road-sign-in-kileleshwa-burnt-down-11932708/,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/nainotepad/2001308336/david-murathe-the-chief-chef-in-uhurus-kitchen-cabinet,https://twitter.com/MikeSonko,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/article/2001397657/its-over-for-sonko,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://nation.africa/kenya,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10219545116081750&set=bc.Abo0ISOgdBjLRJsp5pZmVgWquSoilJF5aqwBgAh8vVrEwN6TqiPjZQmE-ieYH54Qsbc8zq3CR5XoONVicDSSrcjsNQMG9SGmp22TEEPxc5YU87w4Kcgzj8O3cQu35AhVdh2jYpVYM5YZUrD5Xlj-4bLrS_0nyHsgsQlo5jhq7Nb9BeGCEJ99jqXLUA3xttjWpSaxrRgfYTnha_vinzbp2fH0NH5gHPMIY4AnrX5QTJRIs94YTuKrVoyjyieDkD7JLoCDQFYAy3kalnCn2FkIgMa9qJwsF6WIW75tjzqsJHa48dS-xYvBuD--uGqcvaZ7V18rjVpVRwRM1Uepy0eJVXXkDtYBCHv4eS9XGFB6YEDWdnCzSXtNDfcRV6m0qFjePuM&opaqueCursor=AbpySrKdzkXnOLaMMmf8XWMhrGtdJs2NotEy4bPwnkorwa91N9RlmWY5Ubav8iriaBEkfXTMJNp_IMTLmOPXgKbf7l9XB-xjAVzdNo0pc04VMN_qpGT2EiwchadFQJ0IDe55-qWUjvVjbtOkuA92RnmM2UYhyWb4v_u-c3NztQ3KVuiLE_hUtA6j3aXTEp3EfG9HuzZm7KI7ZnN1gLvOzJhY_K1w3X20sVWyiBeEpctqVRR1X412c-iCOxkyuaWPl2X0gcCp8jEUjTt4LbYa7d22IUu0N41GVUQCexpklQoIk_SSzs35Cy8qB7udXRemIJlM_5JwSIa2RvY0s1uDLxAgzU6tXaEAvIqAKhUJM4H53coGmr2gZhV1MuZNLhE7JZAPwnQUQsxD9ZSWFFpbAFtzmAk1Ht5xF3K4_SsPc82hxWIiaMyw0PNt_zT7gQwPVMCWoktJROLNOqGOmgymN6hSAzLcqmKGdVS3tYD7ejFBhIYJ5A58Ux3tjj2L8csU2Sj6k9GhOj_5puB6kACTewy1qohzEyMYrEXAYM5dizx__oC96hf5YULjHQqf0T2FYGY,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.facebook.com/groups/3061760543907386/permalink/4226008697482559,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/nation/photos/10159823771319497,https://nairobi.go.ke/,https://twitter.com/047County?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Eprofile%3A047County%7Ctwgr%5EeyJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2hvcml6b25fdHdlZXRfZW1iZWRfOTU1NSI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJodGUiLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3R3ZWV0X2VtYmVkX2NsaWNrYWJpbGl0eV8xMjEwMiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250cm9sIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH19&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fnairobi.go.ke%2F,https://twitter.com/047County/status/1405170397369282562,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1",No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,, -26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.","https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vladimir-Putin,https://www.britannica.com/place/Sochi,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd69C2haip/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd62C0h32C/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd6qKkhlJ_/,http://archvizual.com/,https://factcheck.afp.com/picture-shows-design-concept-house-created-russia-based-architect?fbclid=IwAR1mzHU2hpd6KUOBwXiEv1PDM1xth1qm9dbNNAGfvWKZibc-NtCQSByZXQU,https://www.newsweek.com/putin-denies-navalny-black-sea-palace-expose-1564222,https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/13/world/europe/putin-russia-office-sochi.html,https://www.rferl.org/a/24690543.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-putin-idUSKBN23N3B4,https://www.britannica.com/technology/kremlin,https://www.britannica.com/video/179907/Overview-Kremlin-Moscow,https://www.britannica.com/place/Moscow,https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1210121.shtml,https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/06/theres-more-to-russia-than-putin/,https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/04/01/putin-working-remotely-after-meeting-infected-doctor-kremlin-says-a69826","No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,, +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP3CE-1,Propolis throat spray treats coronavirus in the throat,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"As Thailand's healthcare system struggled to cope with surging Covid-19 cases in July, multiple Facebook posts claimed a brand of throat spray could ""contain the infection"". The posts are misleading: health experts say the throat spray has not been proven to treat or cure Covid-19. The posts also shared false claims about other home remedies that experts say do not treat or cure the virus.The claim was shared here on Facebook on July 20, 2021.The post has been shared more than 15,000 times.The post's Thai-language caption translates in part as: ""The coronavirus stays in the throat for four days, before it enters the lungs. During this time, we will have symptoms such as itchy throat, dry throat, coughing or sore throat, increased temperature, weakened respiratory system, and the loss of taste.""During this time, you should use lime, vinegar, salt, strong alcohol, and mix them with warm water to rinse your throat. Drink warm water or use propolis extract throat spray to help reduce and contain the infection."" ""Propolis"" refers to a substance obtained from beehives that appears to work against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.A throat spray containing the extract is commercially available in Thailand under the name Propoliz -- approved by the kingdom's Food and Drug Administration as a sore throat remedy.The misleading post circulated online as the kingdom endured its worst Covid-19 wave, with hospitals buckling under the pressure of record daily infections, AFP reported. Similar claims were also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here, and here. These posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Throat spray""There is not yet enough scientific evidence to use [propolis throat spray] for Covid-19 symptoms,"" Dr. Thira Woratanarat, an associate professor at the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine at Chulalongkorn University, told AFP on July 27.""The research requires more clinical trials.""While several studies have been conducted on the efficacy of propolis against Covid-19, they were done with small sample sizes, Dr. Thira said.""You have to be careful if they claim it has properties against Covid-19,"" he said.Jessada Denduangboripant, a professor at Chulalongkorn University's Department of Biology, told AFP that the claim propolis throat spray works against Covid-19 is ""an exaggeration"". ""Propolis is a natural substance which existed in beehives. It does not have enough power to treat Covid-19.""Home remediesAFP has previously debunked here, here and here claims that gargling various substances, drinking warm water or consuming alcohol can prevent or cure Covid-19 .The World Health Organization (WHO) states: ""If you have any symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, call your health care provider or COVID-19 hotline for instructions and find out when and where to get a test, stay at home for 14 days away from others and monitor your health.""If you have shortness of breath or pain or pressure in the chest, seek medical attention at a health facility immediately.""No evidenceThe claim that the coronavirus stays in the throat for four days is not supported by ""any evidence"", according to Dr. Thiravat Hemachudha, head of the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Center at Chulalongkorn University.""Each person's response to the infection is different that's why the severity of symptoms between us [is] not the same"", he told AFP.",,Thai social media users share misleading claim about 'Covid-19 throat spray',,,,,, +1,1,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF7PU-1,This photo shows a political rally for Asaduddin Owaisi in India,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared hundreds of times in multiple social media posts that claim it shows a large rally for an Indian Muslim politician during the pandemic. The claim is false: the photo shows an Islamic procession in Bangladesh in 2019.The image was shared in a Hindi-language tweet posted on July 19.The caption translates to English as: ""Huge crowd of a specific community gathered in UP’s Moradabad in Asaduddin Owaisi’s rally and here we are, entangled over BJP, BSP and SP. You people too should stop being in any delusion and think about your future"".""UP"" refers to India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh.Asaduddin Owaisi is leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) party and member of parliament for Hyderabad in India's southern Telangana state. A screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 25, 2021The post emerged online after speculation about the AIMIM teaming up with other parties in a bid to defeat the ruling BJP in Uttar Pradesh's upcoming assembly elections in February 2022. The post also misleadingly suggests India's Muslims are permitted to gather for certain political events, while Hindus have been banned from gathering for religious festivals.The photo was posted with a similar claim here, here, and here on Facebook. However, the claim is false.A reverse image search on Google found the photo was published in this Facebook post on November 26, 2019. It was uploaded by photographer Faisal bin Latif in a post about a religious procession in the Bangladeshi city of Chattogram. A photo of the event shared by Faisal bin Latif on 26 November, 2019He also uploaded an album of photos showing the same event on photo-sharing website Flickr.The album's title reads: ""Jashney Julus, Miladunnabi, November 2019.”AFP found a similar video here on a Bengali-language YouTube channel showing a scene that corresponds with the image in the misleading posts.The video's title states that it shows the Miladun Nabi procession in Chattogram in November 2019.Miladun Nabi is an Islamic festival observed by Muslims as Prophet Mohammed’s birthday according to the Islamic calendar.In 2019, the festival was celebrated on November 10 in Bangladesh. Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube video's one-minute 17-second mark (R): Comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube videoThe same procession was also reported by Bengali news website Banglanews24.com on November 10, 2019.AFP found a similar structure pictured in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R): Similarity between the image in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R) snapshotAFP previously debunked posts sharing the same photo alongside a claim they showed the funeral procession of photojournalist Danish Siddiqui, who was killed while covering fighting between Afghan security forces and the Taliban.",,Bangladesh religious procession image shared in false posts about Indian political rally,,,,,, +2,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F66BR-1,Consuming durian before or after Covid-19 vaccination can cause death,2021-06-22,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook users in Malaysia are sharing posts that warn against eating durian before or after receiving a Covid-19 jab because it can be ""fatal"". Some of the posts share a photo of a man who purportedly died a day after he was vaccinated because he ate the fruit. The claim is false. The Malaysian deputy health minister said the warning has no medical basis, while police told AFP a post-mortem examination found the man died from heart disease. The claim was shared on June 22, 2021, on Facebook here.The Chinese-language post reads: ""Tell family and friends not to eat durian before or after vaccination. The friend of a person in my garden was vaccinated, and died the next day after eating durian. It is necessary to know and better to be cautious. Life is precious, and it's a pity to lose life due to a moment of ignorance."" Screenshot of the misleading Facebook post taken on July 13, 2021The claim was also shared on Facebook in Chinese here and in Malaysian here.Some posts, including here, here and here, share a photo of a man wearing a pink T-shirt, claiming it shows the man who was vaccinated and purportedly died after consuming durian.However, the claims are false.""Medically speaking, no one has said that. Even in the medical books, it has never been raised that people should not eat durian after getting their vaccine. This is wrong,"" said Malaysian Deputy Health Minister Noor Azmi Ghazali, reported by local media here and here.Malaysia’s Ministry of Health (KKM) posted on June 23, 2021, rejecting the claim as ""false news"". Berita palsu. Jangan sebar atau berkongsi. pic.twitter.com/onVjuvhvy2 — KKMalaysia (@KKMPutrajaya) June 23, 2021 The statement was also shared on its official Facebook page here.The man in the photo was identified as Cheah Kum Seng , 49, who lost consciousness while buying food at a restaurant and was later pronounced dead at a hospital in Kuala Lumpur on June 21, 2021, according to local news reports here and here.In a media statement sent to AFP on July 26, 2021, Sentul district police chief, Assistant Commisioner Beh Eng Lai, said: ""A post-mortem examination was conducted on June 22, 2021, and the cause of death was 'ischemic heart disease'. The case is classified as sudden death.""",,Malaysian authorities rubbish posts linking 'Covid-19 vaccine death' to eating durian,,,,,, +3,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FM2DM-1,Make-A-Wish denies certain wishes to unvaccinated children,2021-06-28,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts shared in June 2021 claim a US charity that grants ""wishes"" to critically ill children will no longer reward them if they are unvaccinated against Covid-19. The claim is misleading: the posts shared an edited video from the charity's CEO in which he outlined vaccination requirements for rewards that involve air travel and large gatherings. The charity told AFP that its Covid-19 vaccine policy will not apply to children who have received an end-of-life prognosis.The misleading Facebook post about US charity Make-A-Wish was published here on June 28, 2021.""WE’VE [REACHED] A NEW LOW. I always wondered what level of madness was required before ordinary citizens would engage in ACTS OF PURE EVIL,"" the text below the image reads.""When Make-a-Wish forces terminally ill kids & their families to be injected with an experimental genetic agent otherwise they’ll discriminate against and refuse a dying child their last wish, even though the W.H.O recommends not injecting children - we have reached that point."" The post's caption reads: ""How low can humanity go?! Really low!! I recon (sic) there is lower tho (sic)...prove me wrong humans"". A screenshot of the post as of July 27, 2021.A YouTube video has been shared in the Facebook post.It is titled: ""Make-A-Wish will only grant certain wishes to fully vaccinated wish kids"". However, the video is no longer available on YouTube as the user's account has been terminated.Other instances of the claim appear on Facebook here and here, as well as on Twitter here and Telegram here.However, the claim is misleading.Edited videoA reverse image search of the archived version of the YouTube video in the misleading posts found this original video dated June 10, 2021.It features Make-A-Wish America CEO Richard Davis speaking about updates to the charity's Covid-19 policies.In March 2020, the charity postponed all ""wishes"" that involved major travel due to the pandemic.In the two-minute, 22-second video, Davis says all participants for ""wishes"" involving air travel within the US and large gatherings must be fully vaccinated from September 15, 2021.Davis' announcement can be seen below: “We respect everyone’s freedom of choice,” Davis says in the full video, in which he also acknowledges that some children may be too young or too ill to be vaccinated.“We can’t wait until Sept. 15, when we can expand the types of life-changing wishes we can grant.”Charity statementIn a June 28 statement on its website, the charity said it ""has not, does not and will not deny wishes to children who are not vaccinated.""""Since the beginning of the pandemic, Make-A-Wish has safely granted over 6,500 wishes to children and families – regardless of vaccination status. Make-A-Wish will continue to grant wishes to children who are not vaccinated,"" the statement reads.The vaccine policy does not apply to children who have received an end-of-life prognosis, according to the statement.The charity said it would not require anyone to get vaccinated in order to receive a wish.",,This video has been edited -- US charity says it will continue to grant 'wishes' to unvaccinated children,,,,,, +4,5,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GE6MH-1,"All Covid-19 hospital patients were vaccinated, except for one",2021-07-25,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts shared in July 2021 claim that all Covid-19 patients being treated in hospitals in the Australian state of New South Wales had been vaccinated. The claim is misleading: as of July 26, all of the hospitalised Covid-19 patients were unvaccinated except for one, the state's health authority told AFP.The misleading claim was published in this Instagram post on July 25, 2021.It reads: ""Vaccinated getting Covid??! Out of these Covid cases ALL ARE FULLY VACCINATED (two doses) EXCEPT ONE WHO ONLY HAD ONE DOSE. Why are the vaccinated getting Covid and the unvaccinated are not?! WAKE UP"". A screenshot of the misleading post as of July 26, 2021.The post circulated online following an announcement on July 25 that there were 141 patients being treated for Covid-19 in hospitals in New South Wales, including 43 people in intensive care.The video in the post features a portion of a press conference with Dr Jeremy McAnulty, an official at NSW Health, giving details on new Covid-19 cases.Other instances of the claim appear on Instagram here, here and here. A similar claim appeared here on Facebook. The claim is misleading.A spokesperson for NSW Health told AFP on July 26 that the claims were ""incorrect.""""All [patients in hospital] were unvaccinated save for one,"" the spokesperson said.The misleading claim circulated online after McAnulty misspoke in a press conference broadcast here live by ABC on July 25. At around the six-minute mark, he said: ""141 people are in hospital with Covid at present, and 43 are in intensive care, 18 of whom require ventilation ... all but one person are vaccinated, one person has received one dose of vaccine."" When asked to clarify his remark, McAnulty acknowledged that he had misspoken.At around the 34-minute mark, he clarified: ""Of the 43 patients in intensive care units, 42 have not been vaccinated. One person had a single dose of a Covid-19 vaccine.""",,Posts mislead on proportion of vaccinated Covid-19 victims in Australian state's hospitals,,,,,, +5,1,1,5,False,Hal Turner Radio Show,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ3LG-1,French president's entire security force resigned,2021-07-24,factcheck_afp,,"A French member of parliament and an American radio host claimed that Emmanuel Macron's entire security detail resigned to protest the French president's initiative imposing health passes to participate in many aspects of public life. This is false; the Republican Guard did not resign, and it is tasked with presidential palace security, not his direct physical safety.""Protective Detail of France President ALL Resign over COVID Restrictions; will no longer protect President Macron,"" reads the headline of a July 24, 2021 article on the website of the Hal Turner Radio Show, a conspiracy-oriented program AFP has fact-checked before. Below the headline, a photo shows members of the Garde Républicaine, or Republican Guard, an elite French army corps tasked with special missions. Screenshot of an online article taken on July 26, 2021""The Republican Guard, a security detail established to protect the President of France, have ALL resigned, and will no longer protect President Macron!"" the article says of the 2,800-strong force.The Covid-19 restrictions mentioned in the headline refer to a decree by Macron that required proof of Covid-19 vaccination or a negative test to be able to attend events or enter places with more than 50 people. The ""health pass"" will be extended to restaurants, cafes and shopping centers in August. This was formalized into law by the country's parliament on July 25, 2021, despite widespread protests against it.However, the Republican Guard did not resign in relation to this law, and is not tasked with the French president's immediate physical safety.The unit responsible for direct personal protection of the French head of state is the Groupe de sécurité de la présidence de la République, whose members hail from both the police and the Gendarmerie.The Republican Guard is a French army unit tasked with ""public safety missions and protocol representation,"" according to its official webpage. Its members are not in charge of the direct safety of the French president like the US Secret Service, but they indirectly play this role by ensuring the security of the Elysee Palace, where the president lives. A spokesperson for the Gendarmerie told AFP on July 26, 2021 that the Republican Guard ""is still"" performing its palace duties. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French army tasked with law enforcement roles, to which the Republican Guard answers. On social media, neither the Garde Républicaine nor the Gendarmerie, nor any French media, mentioned a mass resignation of the force's members.The false claims regarding the Republican Guard began when Martine Wonner, an independent member of parliament in France, claimed in a video that the force no longer wished to protect Macron.Wonner is a Covid-skeptic who was part of the government's party before she was ousted due to her controversial stances.She also faced calls from her opposition party to quit that group after she urged people to lay siege to MPs who approved the health pass.Before the vaccine passport law can be applied, it must be approved by France's highest administrative authority, the Constitutional Council, which will vote on it on August 5.",,French president's security detail did not resign over Covid-19 bill,,,,,, +6,1,1,5,False,Multiple authors,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR6XQ-1,Aborted foetus cells in Covid-19 mRNA vaccines,2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"A video shared hundreds of times on Facebook in South Africa and Zambia claims that mRNA Covid-19 vaccines contain cells taken from aborted human foetuses. The claim is false: the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa told AFP Fact Check that Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted foetuses or other human tissue.The three-minute clip has been shared more than 330 times since it was posted on Facebook on July 17, 2021.Besides including the claim that mRNA Covid-19 vaccines contain aborted human foetal matter, the video makes two other unsubstantiated claims: that the vaccines can alter a person’s DNA and that they can render people sterile. Screenshot of the false post, taken on July 20, 2021The clip, which was extracted from a longer video originally posted here on YouTube on February 5, 2021, features preacher Joshua Maponga interviewing guest Mike Southwood in a show dubbed “why Africans should not take vaccine (sic)”.The Zimbabwe-born Maponga lives in South Africa and is an author of several books and has a large following on social media. He also runs Galaxy Universal Network, a media production company in South Africa.Southwood — who makes the false and unsubstantiated claims during his interview — is the founder of the Unity Group in South Africa, which styles itself as a governance reform movement. According to media, Southwood is also the administrator of the #EndTheLockdownMzanzi group, which has been urging South Africans to defy Covid-19 lockdown laws. A shorter version of the clip was published here on Facebook in South Africa on July 15, 2021, and shared more than 600 times.How mRNA vaccines workPfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines are made from messenger RNA. The two vaccines work by giving a “blueprint” of a part of the virus that the body can then recognise and fight when confronted by it later.The vaccines use tiny fat bubbles called lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate fragile mRNA molecules and the information they contain to protect them until they can be safely delivered into cells without being degraded by the body’s enzymes. However, the claim made in the clip that the vaccines include aborted foetus cells is false. No material from aborted foetusesProfessor Penny Moore, from South Africa’s National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), told AFP Fact Check that Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted foetuses or any other human material.“They are produced through high-tech molecular biology approaches and in cultures in rigorously controlled laboratories,” said Moore.The World Health Organization (WHO) told AFP Fact Check that “the new mRNA vaccines, such as those developed by Pfizer and Moderna, are synthetic vaccines and do not use foetal cell lines in their production.”What are cell lines?According to the WHO, vaccines are made by growing cultures of the target virus or bacterium: “Viruses need to grow in cells and so vaccine viruses are often grown in eggs (such as the influenza vaccine) or in cell lines derived from mammals, including humans.”The cell lines that are used to grow the viruses originate from a primary culture of cells from an organ of a single animal that has been propagated repeatedly in a laboratory, often over many decades.AFP Fact Check has previously debunked social media posts claiming that Covid-19 vaccines contain MRC-5, which the posts claim are “aborted foetal cells and other DNA”.The best known human cell line is MRC-5, or Medical Research Council cell strain 5, which are cells used to grow viruses for vaccines against rubella, chickenpox and hepatitis A in laboratories. MRC-5 was originally derived from the lung tissue of an aborted foetus in the 1960s but has since been grown without recourse to foetal tissue.The History of Vaccines, an educational tool developed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, states that “in total, only two foetuses, both obtained from abortions done by maternal choice, have given rise to the human cell strains used in vaccine development”.The Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine — which is not an mRNA but a viral vector vaccine — used a human cell line developed from the retinal cells of a foetus aborted in 1985 in its early production stage. But, the WHO said, “no foetal material is present” in the final J&J Covid-19 vaccine product or any other vaccine that uses human cell lines in early production stages.A spokesperson for the Oxford Vaccine Group, an organisation that was involved in producing the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine, told AFP Fact Check that during its development, they used HEK-293 cells.The HEK-293 cell line was originally cultivated from a foetus aborted in the Netherlands in the early 1970s. The NICD’s Moore added that human cell lines were used only in the early stages of the production of some vaccines. “For all vaccines that use cell lines during early production stages, all cells are removed during the purification process and the final vaccine product does not contain this material.”The WHO told AFP Fact Check that it is not aware of any vaccines currently being developed for Covid-19 that contain cell lines obtained from foetal tissue. mRNA Covid-19 vaccines do not alter people’s DNA The unsubstantiated claim that mRNA vaccines can modify human DNA has been widely rejected by scientists. AFP Fact Check has previously debunked the claim here and here.Matthew Miller, an associate professor with the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science at McMaster University in Canada, was quoted in a previous AFP Fact Check from March 2021 as saying that “mRNA is the code for proteins. It does not alter the DNA of your cells. Indeed, your cells naturally make mRNA from DNA.”Barry Pakes, an assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, told AFP Fact Check in April 2021 that “the mRNA cannot be integrated into the human genome. We (humans) lack the enzymes to reverse transcribe mRNA to DNA”.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also refutes the claim that Covid-19 vaccines can alter people’s DNA.“Covid-19 vaccines do not change or interact with your DNA in any way. Both mRNA and viral vector CovidD-19 vaccines deliver instructions (genetic material) to our cells to start building protection against the virus that causes Covid-19. However, the material never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where our DNA is kept,” the organisation states on its website.Vaccines do not cause infertilityIn the video, Southwood claims that Covid-19 vaccines can cause infertility. “We believe that there are a lot of things in this vaccine that will render people sterile…”The CDC states on its website that “there is currently no evidence that any vaccines, including Covid-19 vaccines, cause fertility problems (problems trying to get pregnant)”.Kate White, an obstetrics and gynaecology professor at Boston School of Medicine, told AFP Fact Check in March 2021 that “there’s no vaccine in the world that can cause infertility”.Dasantila Golemi-Kotra, a microbiologist at York University, told AFP that “vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are unlikely to cross-react with the syncytin-1 or -2 in the body and lead to infertility”.Golemi-Kotra explained that the misinformation could be stemming from the fact that the anti-spike protein antibodies and the syncytin-1 protein of the placenta share a “very short amino acid region”.But this doesn’t mean that the immune system would attack the syncytin protein. The immune system can “recognise a surface in their target protein, which rarely is confined to a single short amino acid sequence,” she said.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous claims about Covid-19 vaccines, available here.",,mRNA Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted human foetuses,,,,,, +7,1,1,5,False,Jane Ruby and Stew Peters,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FM82U-1,Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine contains dangerous graphene oxide,2021-07-07,factcheck_afp,,"A video featuring a US pundit who claims the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine is dangerous because it contains the nanoparticle graphene oxide has been watched more than a million times on social media. But the claims are based on a study whose methodology experts have questioned, Pfizer said the substance is not used in the manufacturing of its shot, and researchers told AFP there is no evidence graphene oxide is used in any vaccines currently on the market.""BREAKING DISCOVERY! The ACTUAL CONTENTS Inside Pfizer Vials EXPOSED!"" says text promoting a segment from the ""Stew Peters Show"" on Canadian video sharing platform Rumble.Peters discusses the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine with Jane Ruby -- a self-described ""health economist and New Right political pundit"" whom AFP has fact-checked before. Screenshot taken on July 22, 2021 of a video from the Stew Peters Show shared on RumbleRuby claims that she read an English translation of the Spanish research that shows the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine is dangerous because it contains graphene oxide.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene, which has been reported to have antibacterial and antiviral properties. Graphene is super strong, ultra thin and has potential applications in a range of industries.""It's virtually 99.99 percent graphene oxide,"" Ruby says of the shot, while also claiming the substance is a ""poison"" and that it ""destroys literally everything in the cell.""Clips from the segment can also be found on Facebook, Instagram, and the video-sharing platform BitChute.It is part of a torrent of inaccurate claims about vaccines that have proliferated across the internet as countries around the world seek to immunize their populations against Covid-19.The same claim was amplified by GlobalResearch.ca, a Canadian website that the US State Department has described as ""deeply enmeshed in Russia's broader disinformation and propaganda ecosystem."" But the ingredients of all the Covid-19 vaccines authorized for use in the US and Canada (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca) are publicly listed and do not include graphene oxide.Pfizer spokeswomanDervila Keane confirmed to AFP on July 8, 2021 that ""graphene oxide is not used in the manufacture of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine.""Spanish studyIn the video, Ruby is referencing a Spanish study published by Dr Pablo Campra at the end of June. The study was not published in a scientific journal, and has not been subjected to peer review.In it, Campra says that Ricardo Delgado requested the study. Delgado is the founder of La Quinta Columna (Fifth Column), a group that has spread misleading information about masks and PCR tests. Their claims about graphene in Covid-19 shots -- including that it generates electromagnetic properties in humans -- were debunked by AFP Factual in early June.To conduct the study, Campra examined a single sample of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). He then compared the images with those in other scientific literature.He said he found ""solid evidence of the probable presence of graphene derivatives"". Ester Vazquez, an expert in graphene health and safety who works with the European Commission's Graphene Flagship research group, told AFP on July 13 that she had read the study and found it ""rather inconclusive.""She said that microscopy is not an adequate method to study the presence of graphene or graphene oxide.""The tests carried out are insufficient to characterize graphene. It only shows some microscopy images that resemble pictures of graphene and graphene oxide in the literature. However, this is far from scientific proof -- graphene identification would require further analysis using other techniques,"" Vazquez said.Contacted by AFP about the study, Campra said on July 14: ""Our finding is that 99 percent of UV absorbance does not come from RNA, and its signal is compatible with graphene. But, many other substances show the same signal. We found microscopic evidence of graphene sheets, but further spectroscopic evidence is needed to confirm this structure.""Campra, who teaches at the University of Almeria, said that the results and conclusions of his report ""do not imply any institutional position"" of the school.The university issued a statement on July 2 on Twitter distancing itself from the study -- which it called ""unofficial"" -- saying it used methodology that lacked transparency.The methodology of the study was also questioned in a fact check by Health Feedback, a network of scientists, which concluded that Campra did not adhere to ""traceability"" protocols. This leaves the origin of his sample unclear, and makes it impossible to know if it was contaminated during the investigation process.Graphene in vaccinesProfessor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP for another fact-check on July 19 that ""graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials.""Graphene oxide is being studied in vaccines as a possible adjuvant, or ingredient to help the shot trigger stronger immune response. It was recently used as an adjuvant in the investigation of an intranasal vaccine against influenza, developed by the Institute for Biomedical Sciences at Georgia State University, in the United States. This vaccine has only been tested in mice and cell culture.Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, also confirmed on July 20 that ""no vaccines on the market (are) based on graphene oxide.""Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said.AFP Fact Check has debunked a series of inaccurate claims about vaccines, available in English here.",,Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine does not contain dangerous ingredient,,,,,, +8,1,1,5,False,Joe Biden,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR7KY-1,Vaccinated people won't get Covid-19,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"US President Joe Biden claimed during a CNN town hall that vaccinated people will not get Covid-19. This is false; despite the high efficacy of the shots, infections still occur among the fully vaccinated population, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says.""You're not gonna get Covid if you have these vaccinations,"" Biden said during the July 21, 2021 event, which came as the Covid-19 pandemic is again surging in the United States, propelled by the highly contagious Delta variant. US President Joe Biden (L) participates in a CNN Town Hall meeting hosted by Don Lemon (R) at Mount St. Joseph University in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 2021 ( AFP / Saul Loeb)But Biden's claim is inaccurate: the vaccines are very effective, but cases among vaccinated people are possible.The CDC said that as of July 12, it had received reports of 5,492 patients with Covid-19 ""breakthrough"" infections being hospitalized or dying, out of a total of more than 159 million fully vaccinated people in the United States.""Covid vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection and even more effective in preventing the serious illness that results in hospitalization and death,"" but no vaccine is 100 percent effective, Tom Skinner, senior public affairs officer at the CDC, told AFP on July 23. During a briefing at the White House on July 22, Press Secretary Jen Psaki addressed a reporter's question regarding the president's remarks on vaccination, saying that vaccinated people were ""largely protected.""""That was the point he was trying to make last night,"" she said.During the town hall, Biden urged Americans to get vaccinated. ""It's really kind of basic,"" he said, at a time when the US vaccination rate has significantly slowed.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.July 26, 2021 This story was updated to correct the spelling of exaggerated in the headline.",,Joe Biden exaggerated Covid-19 vaccine efficacy,,,,,, +9,5,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL9LJ-3,Aerial footage of an anti-lockdown protest in Greece in 2021,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"As thousands took to the streets in Greece to protest new coronavirus measures, social media posts shared what they claimed to be footage of the demonstration. However, the claim is false; the video shows a protest in Athens in January 2019 against a controversial agreement to rename Macedonia.""Greece Anti Youth [vaccination] Rally. An aerial view, I'd say from these images, the People have had a gutful,"" reads a Facebook post published on July 16, 2021.The video shared alongside the post shows a large demonstration, with many people displaying Greek flags. A screenshot of the misleading Facebook post as of July 22, 2021.The same video was widely shared on social media alongside similar claims, including here and here on Facebook, as well as on Instagram and Twitter.Thousands of people gathered on July 14 in central Athens to protest against new virus measures, after Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced mandatory Covid-19 vaccination for all health workers and people entering closed venues such as bars, cinemas and theatres. However, the claim is false. The video in fact shows a different protest in the Greek capital in January 2019, many months before the first Covid-19 cases were reported.A Google reverse image search of keyframes from the video led to this YouTube video from January 21, 2019 about Greeks protesting an agreement to rename Macedonia, now known as North Macedonia.The title of the video reads in Greek: ""Video III - Demonstration for Macedonia. Syntagma Square, 20/01/2019"". Thousands demonstrated in Athen's central Syntagma Square in Athens on January 20, 2019 against Greece's deal with Macedonia that saw it renamed to the Republic of North Macedonia.Macedonia is a former Yugoslav republic, but for most Greeks, Macedonia is the name of their history-rich northern province made famous by Alexander the Great's conquests.Below is a comparison between the video in the misleading post (L) and the YouTube video at 0:19 (R): Similar aerial footage has also been published here in a report about the same demonstration by Greek newspaper Proto Thema on January 20, 2019.The Greek article's headline reads: ""The big rally for Macedonia in 20 photos"".The article translates to English in part: ""A gathering of different ages took place in Syntagma [the square in front of the Greek parliament] in the big march for Macedonia. From all over Greece, citizens were present responding to the invitation of macedonian unions and associations against the Prespa agreement.""Below is a screenshot comparison between the video in the misleading post (L) and a photo published in the Proto Thema report(R):",,This video shows protesters rallying against a deal to rename Macedonia in 2019,,,,,, +10,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL92E-4,Video shows Covid-19 victims' bodies wrapped in plastic bags in Indonesia,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"A video has been viewed tens of thousands of times in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows Covid-19 victims wrapped in plastic bags in Indonesia. The claim is false: the clip actually shows an anti-government protest in Colombia in May 2021. ""In Indonesia, Covid-19 victims were wrapped in a plastic bag. Some people were not even dead. What a sad image! Wish Thailand never has to experience this. Protect yourselves and do not go out,"" reads the Thai-language caption of this video posted on Facebook on July 21, 2021.The video has been viewed more than 4,100 times. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 22, 2021The post circulated online in Thailand after the kingdom's Covid-19 infection and death rates increased, as AFP has reported here. The country has recorded 426, 475 Covid-19 infections and 3,502 deaths as of July 21.The same video was shared here, here, and here on Facebook alongside a similar claim.The claim is false: the video actually shows an anti-government protest in Colombia in 2021.A reverse Google image search with video keyframes extracted with InVID-WeVerify, a digital verification tool, found this longer version footage uploaded on YouTube on May 27, 2021.The video's Spanish-language caption translates to English as: ""Performance [packed] in Medellin during a national strike on May 26, 2021. Medellin is Colombia's second-largest city. At the video's nine-minute 13-second mark, a woman can be heard saying: ""Today is Wednesday, May 26 we are in Poblado Park in Medellin.""This is a performance called ""Empaquetados"" [Packed] in homage to the people who have been found dead or to the people who have not appeared. It is a cry for help to know what is happening with the people who until today nobody knows where they are, people who were captured by the police or by civilians accompanied by the police"". Below is a screenshot comparison of the video in the misleading post (L) and the YouTube video (R): Screenshot comparison of the video in the misleading post (L) and video uploaded on YouTube (R)Colombia has been rocked by protests which broke out late April in opposition to a proposed tax hike under the right-wing administration of President Ivan Duque, AFP reported. The international community has condemned a security response that left more than 60 people dead. A subsequent keyword search found photos of the same event published here on May 28, 2021, by Le Cuento, Colombia-based digital media. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Le cuento (@lecuento_) The photos were credited to Jhonatan Rodriguez, a Colombian photographer. He told AFP he took the photos at an anti-government protest in Medellin on May 26.He said: ""It is an artistic performance that took place on May 26 of this year in Medellin, Colombia. The act of the performance was carried out as a way to protest against the government of Colombia .""Google Street View imagery of Poblado Park also corresponds to the footage shared in the misleading posts. Screenshot of the Google Street View image of Poblado ParkThe event was also reported here on page six of the Colombian newspaper, ADN Medellin, on May 27, 2021.",,This video shows an anti-government protest in Colombia -- not virus victims in Indonesia,,,,,, +11,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH42Z-1,No Covid-19 patients die outside of hospitals,2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts circulating in Indonesia claim that nobody has died from Covid-19 outside of the Southeast Asian nation's hospitals. The posts misleadingly question whether the disease is deadly whilst implying Indonesian hospitals are responsible for its virus deaths. The claims are false: thousands of Covid-19 victims in Indonesia have died outside hospitals, according to data recorded by a volunteer group. AFP and other media have reported people died of Covid-19 while self-isolating at home and elsewhere after hospitals became overwhelmed with patients.The claim was shared in this July 15, 2021, Facebook post.It has received more than 120 likes. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 21, 2021The post's Indonesian-language caption translates to English as: ""THEY SAY IT'S FEROCIOUS AND DEADLY. If Covid-19 is dangerous, why don't people die on the streets, at home, the farms, plantations, markets and shopping malls? They always die of Covid-19 at hospitals. WHAT IS HAPPENING WITH HOSPITALS?????""A similar claim was also posted here, here, here and here. The claim is false.As of July 23, 2021, Indonesian volunteer group Lapor Covid-19 has recorded at least 2,491 people who died of Covid-19 while they were self-isolating at home or in places other than hospitals. AFP has reported that Covid-19 patients have died at home after an explosion of Covid-19 cases overwhelmed hospitals in the Southeast Asian archipelago.AFP photos published here and here show health workers removing the body of a Covid-19 patient who died while isolating at home in Bandung, West Java province. Health workers removed the body of a Covid-19 victim who died while isolating at home in Bandung, West Java province, on July 18, 2021, as skyrocketing Covid-19 cases are overwhelming hospitals in the country. ( AFP / Timur Matahari)Indonesian media sites have also reported Covid-19 patients who died on the street; in a market; in a car park; in a streetside stall and on a pedicab.Indonesia has recorded more than three million Covid-19 cases and more than 79,000 deaths, according to the Indonesian Health Ministry's data on July 22, 2021.",,False claim circulates in Indonesia that 'no Covid-19 victims died outside hospitals',,,,,, +12,1,1,5,False,TLC4SuperTeams,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL2T7-5,Vaccinated people are at greatest risk from coronavirus Delta variant,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook video cites Harvard research to claim that people vaccinated against Covid-19 are at greatest risk from the coronavirus Delta variant that causes the disease. However, a Harvard professor confirmed that the video misrepresents his analysis, and health authorities and studies suggest the best protection from the virus is through vaccination.""Delta Variant Targets Vaxxers,"" says text accompanying a July 18, 2021 Facebook video featuring Jen DePice, a chiropractor and exercise physiologist who goes by ""Dr Jen"" on social media. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken July 21, 2021The highly infectious Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to a rapid rise in Covid-19 cases in the United States.Delta is one of four notable variants circulating in the United States, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says on its website.In her video, DePice discusses the Delta variant, citing research ""from Harvard"" as evidence to support her claims, and the post links to a Q&A with William Hanage, associate professor of epidemiology and a faculty member in the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.However, Hanage says that his remarks do not support DePice's claims in the video.""Not only are all the claims false, but I did not make them,"" he told AFP on July 20.DePice says ""that the people at greatest risk for the Delta variant are the people that are vaccinated, not the people that are unvaccinated that have already had natural exposure,"" attributing this theory to the Harvard analysis, despite the fact that Hanage makes no mention in the Q&A of people who may have a natural immunity to the Covid-19 virus.Hanage told AFP on July 22, 2021 that ""there is pretty good evidence that the quality of immunity following infection is more variable than following immunization with vaccines available in the US.""""So some people who have prior immunity through infection may be well protected, but others won't be,"" he said. He added that immunity can wane over time, and pointed to research that found: ""If you have recovered from infection and get an mRNA vaccine regardless,... you can expect really quite amazing protection against variants.""The CDC recommends getting the Covid-19 vaccine ""regardless of whether you already had Covid-19.""It says: ""Studies have shown that vaccination provides a strong boost in protection in people who have recovered from Covid-19.""Hanage addressed another of DePice's claims in which she states: ""We are not seeing increasing numbers of people hospitalized or deaths around the world even with an increase of Delta variants."" ""This is not true. Hospitalizations and deaths are increasing wherever Delta has emerged,"" Hanage said. Vaccination is key to preventing severe illness and hospitalization.US surgeon general, Dr Vivek Murthy, told CNN's ""State of the Union"" on July 18: ""We are seeing increasing cases among the unvaccinated in particular. And while if you are vaccinated you are very well protected against hospitalization and death, unfortunately that is not true if you are not vaccinated.""Additional studies suggest that those who are fully vaccinated against Covid-19 retain protection against the Delta variant.This is indicated in a peer-reviewed article in the scientific journal Nature. A similar conclusion was reached by medical researchers, whose letter on the topic was published in The New England Journal of Medicine.Top US infectious disease specialist Dr Anthony Fauci said at a July 16 briefing that vaccines work against Delta.""The message loud and clear that we need to reiterate is that these vaccines continue to (offer) strong protection against SARS-CoV-2, including the Delta variant,"" meaning ""it's so important for yourself, your family, and your community to get vaccinated,"" said Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.",,Vaccinated people do not face greatest risk from coronavirus Delta variant,,,,,, +13,2,1,5,Misleading,Multiple source,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH3YV-2,Turkey never closes mosques during the Covid-19 pandemic,2021-07-14,factcheck_afp,,"An image of Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been shared in multiple posts on Facebook alongside a claim that he announced no mosque in Turkey would be closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The claim circulated online in Indonesia after the country imposed social restrictions in early July 2021. The claim is misleading: Turkey previously ordered all mosques to close in March 2020 in a bid to reduce the spread of Covid-19. As of July 22, 2021, AFP found no evidence that Erdogan announced he would not close Turkey's mosques in 2020 or 2021.One post was shared here on Facebook on July 14, 2021. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 21, 2021The post's Indonesian-language caption translates to English as: ""I hope the Indonesian leader has thoughts like this Turkish leader.""The text superimposed on the picture reads in part: ""'No mosques will be closed in Turkey from the threat of the coronavirus. Closing mosques is more dangerous than the coronavirus.""'Whoever leaves the mosque today, tomorrow he will lose faith because of the False Messiah. Trust in Allah and only Allah will give help'. Recep Tayyip Erdogan (President of Turkey)"".Indonesia imposed tougher social restrictions on July 3, 2021, after Covid-19 cases grew significantly in the country. Shopping malls and places of worship were shuttered in the hand hard-hit islands of Java and Bali, AFP reported here. On July 9, 2021, however, the restrictions were revised to allow places of worship to open but without communal prayers. A similar claim, along with the photo, has been shared more than 80 times on Facebook here, here, here and here. The claim, however, is misleading. Mosque closuresTurkey's Presidency of Religious Affairs announced on its website here on March 19, 2020, that mosques would be closed.The closures were implemented for Friday, March 20, as well as Saturday, March 21 — when Muslims celebrate the Night of Prophet Mohammed's Ascension.Turkey's English newspaper Hurriyet Daily News also published this report about the mosques closure on March 19, 2020.The headline reads: ""Turkey shutters mosques for Friday prayers and holy night"". Turkey also banned communal prayers in mosques during the pandemic from March 2020 until May 2020. As of July 22, 2021, AFP found no credible report about Erdogan insisting that mosques should remain open throughout the pandemic.Erdogan speechA reverse image search on Yandex followed by subsequent keyword searches found the picture shared in the misleading posts was originally published here on the Associated Press (AP) website on December 3, 2019.It shows Erdogan delivering a speech before travelling to a NATO leaders summit in December 2019.The caption reads: ""Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks before departing to attend a NATO leader's summit in London, in Ankara, Turkey, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2019. Erdogan says there is no change in Turkey's position that is holding up a NATO defense proposal for Poland and Baltic nations until the alliance supports Ankara's concerns related to Syrian Kurdish fighters.""Below is a screenshot comparison of the image in the misleading post (L) and the AP photo (R): Screenshot comparison between the picture in the misleading post (L) and the AP photo (R)",,Indonesian Facebook users share misleading claim about Turkey's mosque closures during pandemic,,,,,, +14,3,1,5,Misleading,multiple sources,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FE6UH-1,Vaccines on the market contain carcinogenic graphene oxide,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts have repeatedly shared a claim that all commercially available vaccines purportedly contain a cancer-causing substance called graphene oxide. But these posts are misleading: experts separately told AFP that graphene oxide is not used in commercially available vaccines. The most commonly used vaccines go through rigorous testing and have been safely used for decades, according to the World Health Organization.""After investigating the contents of vaccines, 99% was found to be graphene oxide. Like asbestos this causes cancer,"" reads this Korean-language Facebook post on July 12, 2021.""Graphene oxide was found in all vaccines commercially available,"" the post adds. Screenshot of the misleading post. Captured July 20, 2021.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene which is reportedly the world's thinnest material first isolated in 2004.A similar claim was also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here and here.But these posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Graphene oxide ""No vaccines on the market [is] based on graphene oxide,"" Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, told AFP on July 20, 2021.Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said. The claim that all commercially available vaccines were 99% made up of graphene oxide was ""ungrounded in fact,"" Professor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP on July 19, 2021.""Graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials,"" Hong said.Hong added that the claim that graphene oxide is purportedly like asbestos and causes cancer is misleading.""Graphene has a planar structure, and is very different from asbestos, which has a needle structure,"" he explained.""In the case of graphene oxide... there is some toxicity but relatively little, so the material is being widely researched for use in drug delivery systems and in vivo diagnostic sensors.""Published lists of ingredients in widely used Covid-19 vaccines -- Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen -- do not include graphene oxide. Vaccine safetyVaccines are available for some two dozen diseases including Covid-19, according to this list from the World Health Organization (WHO).""The most commonly used vaccines have been around for decades, with millions of people receiving them safely every year,"" the WHO states here.""Following the introduction of a vaccine, close monitoring continues to detect any unexpected adverse side effects.""",,"Available vaccines do not contain graphene oxide, experts say",,,,,, +15,1,1,5,False,የኢትዮጵያ ብልፅግና ፓርቲ,2021-07-20,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/no-evidence-putin-congratulated-ethiopian-pm-second-filling-controversial-mega-dam,Putin congratulates Ethiopian PM over GERD filling,2021-07-06,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook post shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims that Russian President Vladimir Putin recently congratulated Ethiopia’s prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, on the second filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia's construction of the mega-dam has been a source of diplomatic tension with its downstream neighbours. However, this is false; the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa told AFP Fact Check that Putin never made any such comments. Furthermore, there is no official evidence of the Russian head of state issuing a statement regarding the GERD filling. The post, archived here, has been shared more than 350 times since it was published on Facebook on July 6, 2021. It was shared from an account called “Ethiopian Prosperity Party”, the political party led by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. However, the page is not an official account and was created by a party supporter.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 16, 2021The post features an image of Putin and Abiy shaking hands. “Congratulations Ethiopians! The second phase of the Abay dam filling is legitimate and demonstrates the right to use its own natural resources (sic),” reads a quote attributed to the Russian leader translated to English. “A country that has many thousand years of history, an example of freedom that doesn’t bend to oppression, the mother of many proud heroes, congratulations Ethiopia,” it concludes.The post surfaced after the onset of this year’s rainy season, which helped speed up the process of filling the mega-dam. An official told AFP  on July 19, 2021, that Ethiopia had attained its second-year target for filling the mega-dam on the Blue Nile River. Ethiopia hit its first target of 4.9 billion cubic metres in July 2020.Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been locked in a tug of war over the use of the Nile ever since Ethiopia started building and filling the GERD using water from the river. Both the governments of Egypt and Sudan have expressed concern that diverting Nile water into the GERD will restrict water supplies in the two countries, affecting millions of people’s livelihoods.Russian embassy denies remarksHowever, the remarks attributed to Putin are fabricated.Valentina Kim, a spokeswoman for the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa, said the leader had not congratulated Abiy. When asked about the false claims, Kim said: “We have not seen them”.“We cannot comment on an event [whose] existence is not proved,” she added. According to the Kremlin’s website, the most recent conversation between both leaders was a phone conversation on April 7, 2020.AFP Fact Check previously debunked a claim that Putin was backing Ethiopia in the dispute over the GERD. Similarly, AFP Fact Check debunked remarks falsely attributed to Putin where he allegedly ridiculed Ethiopia’s prime minister about cloud seeding technology.",,No evidence that Putin congratulated Ethiopian PM on the second filling of controversial mega-dam,,,,,, +16,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-19,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F63C6-1,Photos show water shortage and COVID-19 crisis in Kejriwal ruled Delhi,2021-07-13,factcheck_afp,,"Politicians from India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have shared photos they claim show various crises under the rule of Delhi's chief minister and opposition politician Arvind Kejriwal. The claim is misleading: most of the images were taken before Arvind was elected as Delhi's chief minister, or do not show events in Delhi.""Kejriwal's development model!"" reads a tweet from July 13 by Adesh Gupta, a BJP politician and head of the party's Delhi unit.He has more than 100,000 Twitter followers.The illustration shows Kejriwal, the leader of India's Aam Aadmi Party, alongside photos purportedly depicting water, oxygen, ventilator, and pollution problems in Delhi. Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 16, 2021. ( AFP)Kejriwal was elected Delhi's chief minister in February 2015. Fellow BJP politicians Dheeraj Pradhan and Rachna Garg also shared the photo in posts here, here and here.However, the posts are misleading. Water crisisThe first photo of a crowd of people scrambling for water was taken before Kejriwal took office.A reverse image search on TinEye shows the picture was taken in 2009 in New Delhi.It was captured by photographer Adnan Abidi for Reuters news agency. It can be found on the agency's website here. The photo's caption reads, ""Residents of Sanjay Colony, a residential neighbourhood, crowd around a water tanker provided by the state-run Delhi Jal (water) Board to fill their containers in New Delhi June 30, 2009. Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit has given directives to tackle the burgeoning water crisis caused by uneven distribution of water in the city according to local media. The board is responsible for supplying water in the capital.""Below is a comparison of the photo used in the misleading post (L) and the photo on Reuters' website (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)Kejriwal's Aam Admi Party was formed in October 2012, years after the photo was taken. This photo has previously been shared in a misleading context. AFP debunked posts claiming the photo shows Delhi's water crisis in July 2021.Oxygen crisisThe second photo of oxygen tanks was taken in the city of Prayagraj in India's northern state of Uttar Pradesh.A reverse image search on TinEye found the photo was taken by Indian news agency Press Trust of India (PTI).It can be found here on the agency's website. The photo was also used in this article by The Indian Express about the shortage of oxygen in India during the second Covid-19 wave in spring 2021.The photo's caption reads: ""Several states are facing acute oxygen shortage owing to the rising Covid-19 cases. In pic, workers unload oxygen cylinders from a truck at a hospital in Prayagraj. (PTI Photo).""Below is a comparison between the photo used in the misleading post (L) and the photo used in The Indian Express article (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)Ventilator crisisThe third photo, which shows a hospital, was taken in Iran, not India.A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the photo was taken in Tehran, Iran.It was captured by photographer Ali Shirband on March 1, 2020 for news agency Associated Press.It can be found on AP's website here. The photo's caption reads: ""In this Sunday, March 1, 2020 photo, a medic treats a patient infected with coronavirus, at a hospital in Tehran, Iran. A member of a council that advises Iran's supreme leader died Monday after falling sick from the new coronavirus, becoming the first top official to succumb to the illness striking both citizens and leaders of the Islamic Republic.""Below is a comparison between the photo shared in the misleading post (L) and the photo on AP's website (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)The photo was also used in a news article about Iran's Covid-19 crisis here. Pollution problemThe final photo showing pollution was genuinely taken in Delhi when Kejriwal was in power.A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the photo was taken in October, 2018 by AFP photographer Dominique Faget.It can be found on AFP's website here. The photo caption reads: ""Indian pedestrians walk near the India Gate monument amid heavy smog conditions in New Delhi on October 30, 2018. Smog levels spike during winter in Delhi, when air quality often eclipses the World Health Organization's safe levels. Cooler air traps pollutants -- such as from vehicles, building sites and farmers burning crops in regions outside the Indian capital.""The photo was also used in this news report by AFP about Delhi's air pollution.",,BJP politicians share misleading posts critical of Delhi chief minister,,,,,, +17,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-19,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F92G2-1,This photo shows a Chinese vessel dumping sewage and human waste in the West Philippine Sea,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared in multiple Twitter and Facebook posts that claim it shows a Chinese shipping vessel dumping human waste in Philippine waters. The claim is false: the photo has in fact circulated in reports about dredging off the coast of Australia.""Chinese vessels dumping human waste part of west philippine sea,"" reads the caption to this photo shared on Twitter on July 12, 2021. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 17, 2021""West Philippine Sea"" is the term used in the Philippines for the maritime area in the western part of the Philippine archipelago.The misleading post circulated online after Philippine news organisation GMA News erroneously published a report showing the same photo and claim.The organisation has since apologised for the oversight. In a tweet on July 12, it said: ""We took down the original tweet containing an inaccurate image. We want to thank our followers for tweeting us this feedback. We apologize for the oversight.""The same photo was also shared hundreds of times alongside a similar claim here, here and here on Facebook.The claim is false.A combination of reverse image and keyword searches on Google found the photo was originally published in this press release on October 3, 2014.It was circulated by the Cairns and Far North Environment Centre (CAFNEC), an environmental group based in Australia.In the press release, it states that the photo shows: ""Maintenance dredging in Cairns show the impact of dredging and dumping in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area"".The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system.It is located in northeastern Australia, more than 4,800 kilometers away from the West Philippine Sea as shown here on Google Maps.  Screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and the CAFNEC photo (R)According to the photo’s caption, it was taken by photographer Xanthe Rivett for CAFNEC and World Wildlife Fund Australia.The WWF also posted the image on its official Instagram account on the same day.           View this post on Instagram                       A post shared by WWF-Australia (@wwf_australia) In response to the misleading posts, a World Wildlife Fund Australia representative told AFP on July 16: ""I can confirm the photos were taken in the Cairns Port in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area on 19 September 2014.""They show a ship dumping dredged material.""Philippine fact-checking organisation Vera Files also debunked this misleading claim here.",,"This photo has circulated in reports about dredging off the coast of Australia, not the Philippines",,,,,, +18,5,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-13,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EE4BW-1,An image of an electric car cemetery in France,2021-07-07,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared thousands of times in posts claiming it shows an ""electric car cemetery"" in France, where electric cars are purportedly dumped when their batteries wear out. The claim is false; the image in fact shows a Chinese rideshare company's cars parked on the outskirts of Hangzhou. The company's former manager said most of the cars were first-generation electric vehicles set to be replaced with newer models.""Here is an electric car cemetery in France. Nobody wants to buy a used electric car when the battery wears out,"" reads this Facebook post published on July 7. It has since been shared more than 1,000 times. A screenshot of the misleading Facebook post as of July 9, 2021.The same photo was shared alongside similar claims appear on Facebook here and here, and in this tweet shared more than 4,000 times.""Green madness. Electric cars belonging to the city of Paris. No one will buy them because of the cost of the replacement battery. Who will dispose of this junk, especially the batteries?"" the tweet reads.However, the claim is false. A reverse image search and keyword searches found similar photos published by Chinese state-owned newspaper People's Daily here on April 25, 2019. The article refers to the photos, credited to Chinese state news agency Chinanews, as ""a car cemetery in Hangzhou"". A screenshot of an article on the Chinese website (taken 8 July 2021)According to the article, the vehicles are ""new energy-shared cars abandoned in a car park near Hangzhou city along the Qiantang River"".The cars appear to be electric cars manufactured by China's Kandi Technologies Group. In 2015, China's state-owned newspaper Global Times identified similar vehicles with the same logos and white-green paint in Hangzhou as having been produced by Kandi. Identical visual clues can be seen in the photo circulating in misleading posts (L) and Chinanews's image (R), including buildings in the background, an electicity pylon and logos on the cars. On the left, a picture of the Facebook update and on the right, a picture taken by the Chinanews website. AFP has circled the similarities in red.The exact location of the image can also be confirmed through the satellite images of the Shuangpuzhen area on Zoom Earth, where the parking lot and its cars can be seen.The satellite images show pools of water and the buildings in the background. A satellite image of the parking lot, with the buildings visible in the Facebook photo circled in red (Zoom.earth)The electricity pylons visible in the Facebook post also can be found on the highway, south of the parking lot: A satellite image of the parking lot, with the location of the electricity pylons circled in red by AFP (Zoom.earth)The vehicles belong to a Hangzhou-based electric car rideshare company called Microcity, subsidiarity of an electric car rental company named Zhejiang Zuozhongyou Electric Car Service Limited, according to the company's former brand manager.""The cars in the photo belonged to Hangzhou Microcity,""Lou Gaofeng told AFP.Launched in Hangzhou in 2013, Microcity's electric car rideshare service aimed to tackle emissions, congestion and limited parking space, according to the local government's website.Car sharing services in Chinese have struggled to keep their business model profitable. In 2019, Hong Kong-based newspaper South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported that many firms had gone bankrupt after an initial boom in ride sharing apps the 2010s, aided by the low price of electric cars.Chinese media reported that thousands of Microcity electric cars have ended up in parking lots on the outskirts of Hangzhou from 2019 (here, here and here).Lou told local newspaper Hangzhou.com.cn in April 2019 that around 3,000 Microcity cars are parked in three different parking lots along the Qiantang River. However, according to the former manager of the company, not all the cars were defective.""I had clearly explained at that time that not all of them had problems. Some of them had problems, some could still be used, others were old enough to be sold to another company and disassembled,"" he told AFP.""Second, it had nothing to do with the spontaneous combustion of the battery, most of them were the first generation electric vehicles which had been produced in 2013 and even earlier and should be replaced due to technologcial progress.""Microcity's current management did not respond to AFP's enquiries on what the company plans to do with the cars in the future.CORRECTION 15/7/21: This article was amended to clarify Lou Gaofeng's quote that the cars in the photograph were first-generation electric cars set to be replaced with newer models.",,This photo does not show an 'electric car cemetery' in France,,,,,, +19,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-09,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EG3DM-1,Photo shows helicopter operated by the Royal Thai Army,2021-07-05,factcheck_afp,,"After a fire at a plastics factory in Thailand injured dozens, a photo surfaced in Facebook posts purporting to show a Royal Thai Army helicopter and questioning why the chopper was not deployed to quell the blaze. The claim is misleading; the photo actually shows a helitanker during an exercise in the United States in 2020. Meanwhile, a second photo in the posts genuinely shows a Thai helicopter.The photos were published here on Facebook on July 5, 2021. ""The Royal Thai Army has chinook, the forest department has a helicopter with a water bucket, why didn't anybody collaborate with them?"" the Thai-language post's caption reads. Chinook refers to a type of military, heavy-lift helicopter. ( Montira RUNGJIRAJITTRANON)The images circulated online after an explosion at a plastics factory near the Thai capital Bangkok sent plumes of smoke across the skyline, killing one firefighter and injuring at least 33 people, AFP reported.The photos were also shared on Facebook here and here alongside a similar claim. The images, however, have been shared in a misleading context.First photoA reverse image search on Google found the first photo was published in this article by the US-based blog site Fire Aviation on November 19, 2020.Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and on the Fire Aviation website (R):  ""A CH-47 Chinook Very Large Helitanker (VLHT) with night-flying capability operated by Coulson Aviation is working under an 83-day contract in collaboration with Southern California Edison (SCE) and the Orange County Fire Authority (OCFA),"" the article reads.""The Chinook is based at the Los Alamitos Joint Forces Training Base in Orange County"".The photo was screenshotted from this  footage tweeted by Orange County Fire Authority (OFCA) on November 19, 2020.The clip shows the helitanker exercise, which was coordinated by  L.A. County Fire Department  and the Orange County Fire Authority (OFCA). Yesterday we had a successful exercise with @LACoFDPIO to showcase the new joint agency Helitanker. This is a regional asset that can be used in multiple counties to fight fires. The helitanker:•Takes 1 min to fill 3,000 gallons•Has a water drop cover of approx 10 acres pic.twitter.com/mzMC2j3pZr — OCFA PIO (@OCFA_PIO) November 19, 2020 Second photoThe second photo genuinely shows a Thai helicopter.Reverse image searches for the second photo found it was previously published in this 2016 report by Thai news site Manager Online.The Thai government staged a demonstration to show how the helicopter was used to extinguish fires in Phitsanulok province, the report says.""Helicopter owned by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was used to extinguish wildfire in Nan, using the water from Nan River, in the middle of a campaign to stop burning the forest,"" the Thai-language article reads.Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and on the Manager Online website (R):  Thailand's Forest Department operates under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.The photo was also published in another report about the event by a Thai-language website here. CORRECTION: This article was updated on July 12, 2021 to clarify that the Facebook posts claimed the photos showed Thai helicopters, but not necessarily Thai helicopters at the scene of the plastics factory fire.",,Wrong helicopter photo shared in posts about Thai factory fire,,,,,, +20,5,1,5,False,Multiples sources,2021-07-07,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DZ6YU-3,Photo of polluted river is from India,2021-06-27,factcheck_afp,,"A photo of a river clogged with rubbish has been shared in multiple Facebook and Twitter posts which claim that the river is in the Indian city of Mumbai. However, the claim is false; the photo actually shows a river in Philippines' capital Manila. The photo was shared on Facebook here on June 27, 2021, by a page with some 75,000 followers.The Facebook post, sharing two photos, appears to compare two rivers with one looking clean and the other filled with garbage.The caption to the post reads:""Pic 1 - Sabaramati Riverfront, Ahmedabad, Gujarat (Fund spent by Gujarat State: ₹1400 crores)Pic 2 - Mithi River, Mumbai, Maharashtra (Funds spent by BMC & MMRDA: ₹1000+ crores)#TaleOfTwoCities #ModiHaiToMumkinHai"" (#If Modi IsThere It's Possible)   ""Sabaramati Riverfront"" refers to Sabarmati Riverfront in Indian state Gujarat, which is controlled by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).The Mithi River is located in the city of Mumbai in Maharashtra, a state which is controlled by a coalition of opposition parties. The Mithi River was Maharashtra's most polluted river in 2018, according to this report released by the state's Pollution Control Board. The report found that the level of coliform content, which indicates the presence of human and animal excreta, was at least 15 times above the safe limit, as reported by local news outlet Hindustan Times.Since November 2019, a coalition of three parties -- Shiv Sena, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) -- have formed the government in Maharashtra. However, before that Maharashtra was governed by BJP, which had formed an alliance with Shiv Sena in the state after the 2014 state legislative assembly elections. The identical photos were published by several other accounts on Facebook, for example here and here alongside a similar claim. They were also shared by BJP party members on Twitter as seen here and here. However, the claim is false. While the first image does show the Sabarmati Riverfront as seen on Google Maps, the second photo of the river clogged with garbage is not of the Mithi River in India, but actually shows the Philippines' capital city Manila. A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the original photo was taken in January 2008 in Manila, Philippines by photographer Antonio V. Oquias, as can be seen on the Shutterstock Images website. The caption to the photo reads: ""MANILA, PHILIPPINES - JANUARY 6: A river of garbage prevents the flow of water on January 6, 2008 in Manila, Philippines. Poverty and garbage disposal are major issues in the Philippines.""The photo was also used in this news report on plastic pollution by UK broadcaster BBC. Below is a comparison of the photo used in the Facebook post and the one found on Shutterstock.",,"This photo shows a river in the Philippines, not India",,,,,, +21,1,1,5,False,Gech Ethiopia,2021-07-06,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/image-elephant-shaped-mountain-composite-created-polish-artist-mirekis,This image of an elephant-shaped mountain is a composite created by Polish artist Mirekis,2021-07-01,factcheck_afp,,"An image has been shared hundreds of times on Facebook in Ethiopia alongside a claim that it shows a real mountain cliff shaped like an elephant. But this is false: AFP Fact Check found that the image was digitally created by Polish artist Mirekis.The claim has been shared more than 100 times and had over 500 reactions since it was published on July 1, 2021. “Beautiful Elephant mountain!” the post’s caption reads.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 5, 2021The image shows a mountain cliff in the shape of an elephant overlooking a snowy valley.However, the image does not show a real landscape. It was digitally created by Mirekis, a Polish artist who combined three images to create the artwork. AFP Fact Check ran a reverse image search and traced the picture to several websites showing Mirekis’s work. The composite comes from a series of images called ""Over the precipice"", initially posted on Mirekis’s Facebook page on January 18, 2018. “The series is still missing spring and fall,” the post’s Polish caption reads. Mirekis shared the image a few days later on Instagram as well as on his 500px page, a photo-sharing platform.    View this post on Instagram           A post shared by Is Mirek (@mirekis7) Original picturesThe composite was created by layering three different images. The original image that can be seen in the foreground of Mirekis’s work was uploaded on Wikimedia Commons by a user called “Giacomozanni” in April 2010. The image shows a mountain in the north-east of Italy where the Malatesta Fortress of Verucchio sits.Noticeable details stand out in the foreground of both images such as the trees and bushes. Image highlighting similarities between the original picture (right) and the compositeThe other two images are composed of a picture of an elephant superimposed on an image of the Creux du Van, a natural rocky cirque located in east Switzerland near the French border. Image highlighting similarities between the original pictures (top) and the compositeMirekis confirmed to AFP Fact Check that the photo in the misleading Facebook showed his artwork. The claim had already been debunked by Snopes in January 2018. While Mirekis’s work was digitally altered and created as a form of art, there is an actual “Elephant Rock” in the cliffs of the island Heimaey in Iceland.  Image from Wiki Commons of “Elephant Rock” in Iceland",,This image of an elephant-shaped mountain is a composite created by Polish artist Mirekis,,,,,, +22,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-02,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DP93D-1,Posts compare Manila Bay images before and during Rodrigo Duterte presidency,2021-07-26,factcheck_afp,,"A photo collage has been shared thousands of times in Facebook posts that claim it shows a trash-filled beach in the Philippine capital Manila purportedly before Rodrigo Duterte was elected president -- and the same beach after he ordered a cleanup during his term. But these posts are misleading: the trash-filled beach photo is miscaptioned as taken during the presidency of former leader Benigno Aquino III; both images in the photo collage have circulated in news reports since 2020 during Duterte’s term as president.The photo collage was posted here on Facebook on June 26, 2021. It has been shared over 3,000 times since.The photo collage juxtaposes two images of Manila Bay, a natural harbour located west of the Philippine capital Manila.The first image shows a trash-filled beach overlaid with text that reads: “NOYNOY BEFORE”. The second shows a clean beach superimposed with the text: “DUTERTE NOW”.The post’s Tagalog-language caption translates in part as: “They say President BS Aquino III is the protector against environmental waste.”  Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 1, 2021The misleading post circulated days after the death of former Philippine President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III on June 24, 2021, AFP reported.Aquino III was the president from 2010 to 2016. He was succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte whose term is until 2022.In 2019, Duterte announced a “major” Manila Bay cleanup. The following year his government began construction of an artificial white sand beach along a portion of the bay.The controversial project has spurred a slew of misinformation, for example here, here and here debunked by AFP.An identical photo collage was also shared alongside a similar claim in Facebook posts here, here and here.But these posts are misleading: both images in the photo collage have circulated in reports published during Duterte’s term.First image A reverse search on Google found the image of the trash-filled beach was published here by Philippine broadcaster GMA News on September 8, 2020 when the Duterte government’s white sand beach project was underway, not during former President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino's term.The image’s caption states in part: “A lot of trash drifted to Manila Bay, near the Manila Yacht Club. [This side] is more polluted compared to the other end where the [environment agency] is dumping white sand.”The image corresponds to the 19-second mark of this television report aired by GMA News the same day. Below is a screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading posts (L) and the original photo from GMA News (R):   The image was taken in this location as seen on Google Maps. Second imageFurther reverse image searches found the second image had also appeared in a news report during the Duterte administration. It was shared here on May 24, 2021 by local media organisation SMNI News.The image’s caption reads in part: “#ManilaBayRehab… #DuterteAdministration”.Below is a screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading posts (L) and photo shared by SMNI News (R):   The rainbow-colored crosswalk seen in the image corresponds to these photos posted on the Facebook page of Manila City’s mayor in December 2020, when the newly-painted lanes were opened to the public.The image corresponds to this location on Google Street View.The misleading posts were also debunked by Philippine fact-checking organisation Vera Files here.",,Misleading posts circulate anew about beach cleanup in Philippine capital,,,,,, +23,1,1,5,False,Multiple,2021-06-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DC9V8-1,Photos show malnourished lions at Bangladesh zoo,2021-06-19,factcheck_afp,,"Three photos of malnourished lions are circulating in Facebook posts that claim they were taken at a zoo in Bangladesh. The claim is false: the images were originally shared in reports about a zoo in Sudan in January 2020.  The photos of the lions were posted here on Facebook on June 19, 2021. The post has been shared more than 700 times.The post’s Bengali-language caption reads: ''We request the authority of Mirpur Zoo to set these wild animals free. If you can't fulfil your duty, then there is no right to trade with these wild animals. If anyone comes across this post who has the ability to do something about it, then please take some action.''  Mirpur Zoo is Bangladesh’s National Zoo in the capital Dhaka. It is home to more than 2,500 creatures, including eight endangered Bengal tigers, as reported here by AFP.The same images were shared with a similar claim here, here and here on Facebook.However, the claim is false. A reverse image search found two of the three photos were posted here on Facebook in January 2020.They were uploaded on the verified page of Osman Salih, who describes himself as CEO at Sudan Animal Rescue.His post reads in part: ""I was shaken when I saw these lions at the park... their bones are protruding from the skin”.""I urge interested people and institutions to help them,"" he wrote. Below is a screenshot comparison of the images in the misleading post (L) and the images shared by Salih (R) : The campaign to save the five lions caged in Khartoum's Al-Qureshi Park was reported here by AFP on January 20, 2020.The final photo in the misleading post was taken by AFP photographer Ashraf Shazly at al-Qureshi Park in the Sudanese capital Khartoum on January 20, 2020. Below is a screenshot comparison of the final photo in the misleading post (L) and Shazly’s photo (R): Shazly posted the images on Facebook here.",,Facebook users share old photos of lions in Sudan in posts about Bangladesh zoo,,,,,, +24,5,1,5,False,Multiple Sources,2021-06-25,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/these-images-have-circulated-online-reports-about-meteor-sightings-october-2015,Images of meteor visible in northern Thailand in June 2021,2021-06-22,factcheck_afp,,"Images that show a meteor have been shared widely in Twitter and Facebook posts that claim these were shot in Thailand in June 2021. But this claim is false: the images are unrelated to recent meteor sightings in Thailand and have in fact circulated online since October 2015.The images were posted on Twitter here on June 22, 2021. They have been shared more than 1,800 times since.The Thai-language post translates as: “Who is in Chiangmai, they said a loud noise was heard along with green light during around 18:35 it is [an] #asteroid!!! #Chiangrai #meteor”. Screenshot of the misleading Twitter post taken on June 23, 2021The misleading post circulated the same night social media users in Chiang Mai and other areas in northern Thailand reported seeing flashes of light in the sky followed by loud noises.The National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) confirmed the event was due to a meteor that had broken off from an asteroid and entered the Earth’s atmosphere.Identical images were also shared alongside a similar claim on Facebook here, here and here; and on Twitter here and here.The claim is false: the images have circulated online since at least 2015.First imageA reverse search on Google found the first image was posted here on Instagram by weather photographer Marko Korosec on October 31, 2015.Its caption reads in part: “This spectacular and very bright bolide (fireball) from Southern Taurids meteor shower was observed this evening at 18:12 UTC, Oct 30th, 2015. Looking towards south from Brkini, SW Slovenia.”    View this post on Instagram           A post shared by Marko Korosec (@markokorosecnet)Below is a screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading post (L) and Korosec’s photo (R): Screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading post (L) and Korosec’s photo (R)The image was also shared here on the website Spaceweather.com on October 31, 2015 -- and credited to Korosec.Second imageA further reverse search found the second image corresponds to the 59-second mark of this YouTube video posted on November 2, 2015.The video’s caption reads: “Collection of the November 2, 2015 meteorite clips in Thailand”.Below is a screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading post (L) and its corresponding frame in the YouTube video (R): Screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading post (L) and its corresponding frame in the YouTube video (R)Video clips showing the same meteor were also shown in this news report aired on November 4, 2015 by Thai broadcaster Ch.3.",,These images have circulated online in reports about meteor sightings since October 2015,,,,,, +25,1,1,5,FALSE,Multiple Sources,2021-06-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/californians-can-charge-electric-vehicles-despite-heat-waves,California told everyone to not charge their electric cars,2021-06-18,factcheck_afp,,"Posts shared thousands of times on social media say California told its residents not to charge their electric cars because of a power shortage. This is false; the state has released voluntary energy saving tips that include charging vehicles before an electricity conservation alert is issued, and a spokeswoman for the grid operator denied people were forbidden from charging.“CALIFORNIA literally just told everyone to not charge their electric cars Due to power shortage,” a June 18, 2021 Facebook post read during a heat wave which sent temperatures soaring past 100 degrees Fahrenheit on some days, posing threats of energy shortages.  A screenshot of a Facebook post taken on June 22, 2021“So much for those green energy vehicles. California is asking us to conserve energy and strain on our power grid. No charging electric cars,” a social media user commented in a June 18 tweet. Other examples of the post can also be found on Twitter here, as well as Instagram and Facebook, here and here. “There is no truth in that statement,” Lindsay Buckley, director of communications and external affairs at the California Energy Commission, the state’s energy policy agency, said of the claim.Much of the western United States suffered a record heat wave in June, with approximately 50 million Americans placed on alert on June 15 for ""excessive"" temperatures, approaching 120 degrees Fahrenheit in some areas.As a result, the state’s non-profit power grid manager, California Independent System Operator (ISO), issued  several “Flex Alerts” to help keep the power grid stable. These called on residents to voluntarily conserve energy at selected times including during peak hours of consumption. Alerts were sent state-wide on June 17 and June 18, coinciding with when the social media claims about the electric vehicles started spreading. Anne Gonzales, senior public information officer at ISO, told AFP that they “have encouraged consumers to charge EVs (electric vehicles) before a Flex Alert begins. We do not say anything about ‘not charging’ in our messaging.”On June 17, California ISO also posted advice on what to do before and during a Flex Alert. The organization recommended charging battery powered cars prior to its start.  A screenshot of the Flex Alert website’s tips to help conserve energy in California The website dedicated to these energy saving tips recommends that people avoid charging electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles during an alert, and to charge them overnight instead. Buckley, of the Energy Commission, confirmed to AFP that Flex Alerts “are fully voluntary, and the program's messaging emphasizes shifting energy consumption -- not sacrificing.”Gil Tal, director of the Plug-in Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Research Center of the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis, told AFP that “Flex Alerts ask the public not to charge electric vehicles during the alert, which is usually 6:00 pm-9:00 pm or 5:00 pm-10:00 pm at the most.”Most drivers don’t replenish their vehicle batteries during those times anyway, Tal said.Electric vehicle drivers “usually charge at home and can use a timer to start charging after midnight or at work during the day. Very few actually charge during those (peak) hours and even fewer need to charge at that time,” he explained.He added that electric cars’ improved battery life generally only requires a charge every few days. As Californians rely heavily on motor vehicles, the transport sector accounts for about half of the state's greenhouse gas emissions.In September 2020, the office of Governor Gavin Newsom ordered that all new passenger vehicles sold in the state by 2035 should be zero-emission under a new rule aimed at fighting climate change and smog-fouled air.",,Californians can charge electric vehicles despite heat waves,,,,,, +26,3,1,5,Misleading,multiple sources,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FE6UH-1,Vaccines on the market contain carcinogenic graphene oxide,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts have repeatedly shared a claim that all commercially available vaccines purportedly contain a cancer-causing substance called graphene oxide. But these posts are misleading: experts separately told AFP that graphene oxide is not used in commercially available vaccines. The most commonly used vaccines go through rigorous testing and have been safely used for decades, according to the World Health Organization.""After investigating the contents of vaccines, 99% was found to be graphene oxide. Like asbestos this causes cancer,"" reads this Korean-language Facebook post on July 12, 2021.""Graphene oxide was found in all vaccines commercially available,"" the post adds. Screenshot of the misleading post. Captured July 20, 2021.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene which is reportedly the world's thinnest material first isolated in 2004.A similar claim was also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here and here.But these posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Graphene oxide ""No vaccines on the market [is] based on graphene oxide,"" Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, told AFP on July 20, 2021.Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said. The claim that all commercially available vaccines were 99% made up of graphene oxide was ""ungrounded in fact,"" Professor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP on July 19, 2021.""Graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials,"" Hong said.Hong added that the claim that graphene oxide is purportedly like asbestos and causes cancer is misleading.""Graphene has a planar structure, and is very different from asbestos, which has a needle structure,"" he explained.""In the case of graphene oxide... there is some toxicity but relatively little, so the material is being widely researched for use in drug delivery systems and in vivo diagnostic sensors.""Published lists of ingredients in widely used Covid-19 vaccines -- Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen -- do not include graphene oxide. Vaccine safetyVaccines are available for some two dozen diseases including Covid-19, according to this list from the World Health Organization (WHO).""The most commonly used vaccines have been around for decades, with millions of people receiving them safely every year,"" the WHO states here.""Following the introduction of a vaccine, close monitoring continues to detect any unexpected adverse side effects.""",,"Available vaccines do not contain graphene oxide, experts say",,,,,, +27,1,1,5,False,የኢትዮጵያ ብልፅግና ፓርቲ,2021-07-20,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/no-evidence-putin-congratulated-ethiopian-pm-second-filling-controversial-mega-dam,Putin congratulates Ethiopian PM over GERD filling,2021-07-06,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook post shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims that Russian President Vladimir Putin recently congratulated Ethiopia’s prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, on the second filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia's construction of the mega-dam has been a source of diplomatic tension with its downstream neighbours. However, this is false; the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa told AFP Fact Check that Putin never made any such comments. Furthermore, there is no official evidence of the Russian head of state issuing a statement regarding the GERD filling. The post, archived here, has been shared more than 350 times since it was published on Facebook on July 6, 2021. It was shared from an account called “Ethiopian Prosperity Party”, the political party led by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. However, the page is not an official account and was created by a party supporter.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 16, 2021The post features an image of Putin and Abiy shaking hands. “Congratulations Ethiopians! The second phase of the Abay dam filling is legitimate and demonstrates the right to use its own natural resources (sic),” reads a quote attributed to the Russian leader translated to English. “A country that has many thousand years of history, an example of freedom that doesn’t bend to oppression, the mother of many proud heroes, congratulations Ethiopia,” it concludes.The post surfaced after the onset of this year’s rainy season, which helped speed up the process of filling the mega-dam. An official told AFP  on July 19, 2021, that Ethiopia had attained its second-year target for filling the mega-dam on the Blue Nile River. Ethiopia hit its first target of 4.9 billion cubic metres in July 2020.Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been locked in a tug of war over the use of the Nile ever since Ethiopia started building and filling the GERD using water from the river. Both the governments of Egypt and Sudan have expressed concern that diverting Nile water into the GERD will restrict water supplies in the two countries, affecting millions of people’s livelihoods.Russian embassy denies remarksHowever, the remarks attributed to Putin are fabricated.Valentina Kim, a spokeswoman for the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa, said the leader had not congratulated Abiy. When asked about the false claims, Kim said: “We have not seen them”.“We cannot comment on an event [whose] existence is not proved,” she added. According to the Kremlin’s website, the most recent conversation between both leaders was a phone conversation on April 7, 2020.AFP Fact Check previously debunked a claim that Putin was backing Ethiopia in the dispute over the GERD. Similarly, AFP Fact Check debunked remarks falsely attributed to Putin where he allegedly ridiculed Ethiopia’s prime minister about cloud seeding technology.",,No evidence that Putin congratulated Ethiopian PM on the second filling of controversial mega-dam,,,,,, +28,2,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EV3G3-1,"Covid-19 vaccines contain ""nanotechnology"" that can change people's DNA",2021-07-05,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts claim that Covid-19 vaccines contain robotic ""nanotechnology"" that can change people's DNA. While they do include tiny fat bubbles to protect mRNA molecules -- an essential component of the shots -- they do not feature miniature robots, and experts say Covid-19 jabs cannot alter a person's genetic makeup.""NANOTECHNOLOGY IS IN THIS JAB THAT WILL ALTER DNA - STAY AWAY!"" warns a July 5, 2021 Facebook post that features images of miniature robots flooding out of a syringe and interacting with DNA and cells. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 13, 2021But the word ""nanotechnology"" refers to anything that has been engineered at the nanoscale, and it does not necessarily relate to mechanical or mineral elements, as the photo suggests. Nanotechnology is used in the food and cosmetics industries, for example.The mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna differ from previously administered inoculations. Instead of confronting the immune system with part of a virus in a weakened or deactivated form to build antibodies, they give it a ""blueprint"" of a part of the virus that the body can then recognize and fight when confronted by it later.They use tiny fat bubbles called lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate fragile mRNA molecules and the information they contain to protect them until they can be safely delivered into cells without being degraded by the body's enzymes. This video explains how the shots work.Most of the 334 million doses of Covid-19 administered in the United States were mRNA shots. More than 43 million doses in total have been put into arms in Canada.'Nanotechnology' misinterpretedCatherine Klapperich, professor of biomedical engineering at Boston University, told AFP on July 12 that ""there are no robots"" in the Covid-19 vaccines.She lamented that the word ""nanotechnology,"" coined decades ago, has been misinterpreted over time to suggest that ""there's some sort of active, living component that's going to go into your body and be like a little robot, march around and do stuff, and that that must be nefarious.""""But in actuality, the word 'nanotechnology' just simply means that these are technologies or materials that are the scale of a nanometer, and that's it. This is actually a very passive material, it's a lipid,"" she explained.""There's nothing mechanical, there's nothing electrical, there's nothing magnetic,"" she said, adding that without the lipids, very little of the mRNA would get into cells ""and the immune response would not be very strong.""A deluge of inaccurate claims about vaccines has spread across the internet as countries around the world seek to immunize their populations against Covid-19, which has killed more than four million people around the world.Covid-19 vaccines cannot alter people's DNAScientists have widely rejected the unsubstantiated claim that mRNA vaccines can modify human DNA, which AFP earlier debunked here and here.Matthew Miller, associate professor with the Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Science at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, said for a previous fact-check that ""mRNA is the code for proteins. It does not alter the DNA of your cells. Indeed, your cells naturally make mRNA from DNA.” Boston University's Klapperich explained that ""in your body, messenger RNA is made from DNA, and not the other way around... DNA is never edited, never copied, never changed"" -- and she said it cannot be because that is not something mRNA can do.Barry Pakes, assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto , told AFP on April 28 that ""the mRNA cannot be integrated into the human genome. We (humans) lack the enzymes to reverse transcribe mRNA to DNA.""The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also refuted the claim that Covid-19 vaccines can alter people's DNA here.""Covid-19 vaccines do not change or interact with your DNA in any way. Both mRNA and viral vector Covid-19 vaccines deliver instructions (genetic material) to our cells to start building protection against the virus that causes Covid-19. However, the material never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where our DNA is kept,"" the federal health agency states on its website.",,Covid-19 vaccines do not contain DNA-altering robots,,,,,, +29,1,1,5,False,Multiple Sources,2021-07-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EY2LT-1,Image shows sunset at North Pole,2021-06-07,factcheck_afp,,"A picture that purports to show the Moon above the Sun has been shared thousands of times in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows a real sunset at the North Pole. The claim is false: the image has been digitally created by an artist. It has circulated online in misleading posts since at least 2006. The image was shared here on June 7, 2021 by a Facebook page based in New Zealand. A screenshot of the image shared to Facebook, taken July 14, 2021.The post's caption reads: “This is the sunset at the North Pole with the moon at its closest point last week. A scene most of us will probably never get to see in person. An amazing photo. Enjoy!”The image has been shared thousands of times alongside a similar claim on Facebook pages around the world, including Britain, Italy and the United States.The claim is false.The image, titled ""Hideaway"", was created by Germany-based artist Inga Nielsen.She creates artworks under her online pseudonym Gate to Nowhere and uploads them here on the art-sharing website Deviant Art.  A screenshot of the original artwork. ( AFP)The original image was created using Photoshop and digital landscape rendering software Terragen, according to Nielsen's caption on the original Deviant Art image. “After someone spread it on the web as [sic] photograph of a ‘Sunset at the north pole’, this image became quite popular. It is of course not a photo and it does not show a place anywhere near the terrestrial North Pole,” the caption reads. NASA explanationNASA featured 'Hideaway' as its Astronomy Photo of the Day.It debunked the claim the image showed a sunset at the North Pole, after it initally circulated online in misleading posts in 2006. “The scene could not exist anywhere on the Earth because from the Earth, the Moon and the Sun always have nearly the same angular size,” the NASA website reads. In 2011, astronomer Phil Plait also published this story in Discovery Magazine debunking claims that the image shows a sunset at the North Pole. In this Facebook post sharing the Discovery Magazine article, Nielsen confirmed the image was never intended to be a sunset on Earth. ""This is an alien world thousands if not millions of light years away,"" she wrote.",,This image of the Moon above the Sun was created digitally by an artist,,,,,, +30,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-07-02,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/vaccination-does-not-cause-babies-die-their-sleep,Childhood vaccination causes Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS),2021-06-14,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts make a series of inaccurate claims linking childhood vaccination and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). But medical experts say vaccines do not cause babies to suddenly die, and that evidence indicates there are lower rates of SIDS in children who receive the recommended shots.Medical understanding of SIDS -- a sudden death of a seemingly healthy infant, generally during sleep -- remains incomplete. But the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia say studies show that vaccines do not cause the rare syndrome.Below, AFP Fact Check examines various claims about SIDS and vaccines.‘VIDS’“SIDS has always been VIDS,” says a June 14, 2021 Facebook post with a screenshot of a tweet, abbreviating “Vaccine Infant Death Syndrome.” “Everyone knows a family who lost a perfectly healthy baby to SIDS- a mysterious infant death for no medical reason. Now look around you. How many perfectly healthy adults are dying shortly after their vaccine shot. 2+2=?” says the June 13 tweet, in an implied comparison between SIDS deaths and purported fatalities linked to Covid-19 shots.AFP has debunked numerous false or misleading claims linking the Covid-19 inoculations to deaths. Screenshot of a tweet taken on June 30, 2021But childhood vaccines and Covid-19 shots are not comparable. In the US, the vaccine schedule between the ages of two and four months -- when an infant is most at risk for SIDS -- prevents diseases including hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio.By contrast, Covid-19 shots protect against the illness caused by the novel coronavirus and are not currently recommended for children under 12 years old. Mayo Clinic, Children's National and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) say that immunizing babies may be associated with lower risk of SIDS.Dr Rachel Moon, who chairs the AAP Task Force on SIDS, said that while there is overlap in the period of high risk for SIDS and frequent vaccinations for babies, “multiple studies have looked at this relationship and found that there is no causal relationship, meaning that it’s a coincidence in timing.”“There is no increased risk of SIDS when you get the vaccines. And actually, the studies suggest that babies who are vaccinated are at lower risk of SIDS. That may be because if you’ve been recently ill, you’re more likely to die from SIDS. Vaccinated babies are less likely to get ill, for multiple reasons,” she added.Dr Robert Jacobson, a pediatrician at Mayo Clinic, agreed. “If anything, we see lower rates of Sudden Infant Death among infants vaccinated than in infants who have foregone the vaccinations,” he said.While this reduction may not be directly due to vaccination, ""there’s no data that has shown any one of the vaccines actually increases your risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,” he said.Link to coronavirus restrictions?Social media posts that circulated in 2020 claimed that the decline in immunizations brought on by measures aimed at curbing the spread of Covid-19 led to a decrease in SIDS cases. ""One of the many lessons from the pandemic: fewer pediatrician vaccine visits… and a massive decline in children inexplicably dying in their sleep. (SIDS/SUIDS). Related? Yes. Stop pretending otherwise,” said a screenshot of a tweet in a July 20, 2020 Facebook post. Screenshot of part of a Facebook post, taken on July 2, 2021A Twitter spokesperson said that the account that shared the message is now suspended from Twitter for “coordinated harmful activity,” which can include spreading medical misinformation.The head of the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Robert Anderson, said that data does not show evidence of a “massive” decline in SIDS or infant mortality in general for the first half of 2020.In fact, the yearly number of infant deaths attributed to SIDS ending in the second half of 2019 is equal to the amount during the first half of 2020 -- less than 34 per 100,000 live births.   Screenshot of SIDS death data on the National Center for Health Statistics website, taken on July 1, 2021 Anderson noted that the 2020 data may be “slightly underestimated” because “deaths ultimately attributed to SIDS (or similar terminology) tend to be delayed as they typically require a lengthy investigation.”Faulty ‘evidence’False claims of a link between childhood vaccines and SIDS long predate Covid-19. Some social media posts cite a study by Dr William Torch to back the claim that vaccines cause SIDS, but the 1982 study was challenged by researchers, and Torch himself admitted it was difficult to draw definite conclusions from his work. Screenshot of part of a Facebook post, taken on July 2, 2021A significant decline in US cases in the 1990s is attributed to the implementation of the “Back-to-Sleep” program, which instructs parents on how to safely put their babies to bed.Placing infants on their back on a firm surface with no other items, such as toys or blankets, in a room shared with a parent are all ways to reduce risk of SIDS.SIDS in JapanOther posts laud Japan for halting vaccinations for children under two in 1994, claiming that the country then experienced a 96 percent drop in infant mortality rate. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 1, 2021 While it is true that children in Japan are particularly healthy by international standards, they are also one of the most vaccinated populations in the world.The Japanese schedule for vaccines is similar to that of the US, with multiple shots recommended for babies between two and four months.Japanese law was indeed amended in 1994 to make vaccination more of a civic duty than a strict legal obligation, but in practice, schools ask for children’s vaccination history as they apply.The law on vaccines stipulates that all citizens “must endeavour to undergo a routine vaccination” against “category A diseases,” such as measles, mumps, rubeola, and tetanus. Although there are no fines for not vaccinating children, inoculation rates are very high and frequently reach 100 percent of the population for certain diseases, according to the Japanese Health Ministry.Data showed that SIDS rates in Japan actually took an upturn around 1995 following the law change, but declined in subsequent years.",,Vaccination does not cause babies to die in their sleep,,,,,, +31,1,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-06-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/misleading-claims-about-magnetism-spread-meat-poultry,Meat has been injected with material that makes it magnetic,2021-06-14,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts claim chicken and beef have been injected with prion proteins, nanoparticles or other material that make them stick to fridge magnets. But the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) says its surveillance measures guard against metallic contamination, while experts add that prions could not be responsible, and nanoparticles are not being added to meat.“Don’t go to the store without your magnet,” says a June 14, 2021 Facebook post. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken June 16, 2021In the video, a man sticks a small round magnet onto the outside of a package of chicken. He says: “They’re just putting little prions in here,” suggesting that the prions -- an infectious protein -- are causing magnetic effects.Multiple posts making similar claims about a variety of packaged and unpackaged poultry and meat products can also be found on Instagram, where the most popular iteration has topped 40,000 views. Videos on YouTube and Tik Tok, as well as compilation videos, have further spread the claim.It comes after a series of false and misleading claims that linked Covid-19 vaccinations to magnetism spread around the world. These included a hoax, supposedly shown in videos, that people’s arms exhibit magnetic properties after they receive the shots.Other posts claim a variety of reasons as to why magnets may stick to the meat. One says, “they are putting magnetic nano partials (sic) in our meat,” while another claims “they put heavy toxic metals in our food supply.” Mick West, a British-American science writer, published a video on Metabunk.org, a website dedicated to debunking pseudoscience, demonstrating that magnets, coins, or other smooth objects will stick to various body parts, if one’s skin is slightly oily. “Remove the oil and the object will not stick,” he explains.For similar reasons, magnets might stick to meat and poultry “due to the texture, angle or moisture of the product,” the USDA told AFP.“However, this does not mean that there is metal in the meat or poultry. All meat and poultry products bearing the USDA mark of inspection have been inspected for safety, wholesomeness, and accurate labeling,” a USDA spokesperson said on June 21, 2021.The spokesperson added that all establishments inspected by USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service are required to have a system in place “designed to prevent, eliminate, or reduce to acceptable levels any biological, chemical, or physical hazard that is reasonably likely to occur in the product.”As a result, it is unlikely that an undetected piece of metal could contaminate meat products, the spokesperson said, with many establishments going so far as to “install metal detectors and/or X-ray devices for screening their final products to ensure no accidental/unexpected metal (shaving or a broken piece) is present”.FSIS personnel also conduct regular inspections.As for the social media claim that prions may be a magnetic component found in meat, “this suggested hypothesis has no foundation in science,” the USDA spokesperson said, adding: “They are organic matter. More specifically, they are misfolded proteins. Therefore, they would lack any sort of magnetic quality.”Prions have an association with meat through the most well-known prion disease, BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) -- also called mad cow disease -- which affects cattle and is believed to be related to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans. Dr James Mastrianni, a professor of neurology at University of Chicago Medicine, told AFP on June 17, 2021: “There is some association of prions in meat, but these came from diseased cows being inadvertently used in the preparation of bovine-derived food. They were never purposely injected into meat, although how could anyone disprove such a crazy hypothesis?“Even if they were injected into meat, they are not magnetic and could certainly not perform the magic act of making a magnet stick to it.”Some of the claims suggest that the phenomenon is caused by nanoparticles -- tiny materials invisible to the eye which can be of various types. Iron is a natural component of beef and other meats but Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the Center for Food Safety, an activist group, told AFP on June 21, 2021: “While there is a remote chance that a powerful magnet could pick up on the magnetism of the iron in meat, it is really unlikely that most refrigerator magnets are that sensitive.“As far as I know, no nano ingredients are being added to meats in the US.”",,"Misleading claims about magnetism spread to meat, poultry",,,,,, +32,1,1,2.5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-06-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/posts-misleadingly-claim-muslim-woman-appointed-director-indias-space-agency,Muslim woman Khushboo Mirza appointed director of Indian Space Research Organisation,2021-06-02,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared in multiple Facebook and Instagram posts alongside a claim that it shows a Muslim woman, Khushboo Mirza, who was purportedly appointed “director” of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The claim is misleading: there is no such post within the ISRO. Mirza has worked as a scientist for the organisation since 2006, according to her LinkedIn profile and says she has never held the post of “director”. The photo was published here on Facebook on June 2, 2021.The post’s Hindi-language caption translates to English as: “Young Khushboo Mirza becomes the director of ISRO due to her talent.” The text superimposed on the image translates as: “35-year old scientist Miss Khushboo Mirza has been promoted as the director in ISRO. She is an alumnus of Aligarh Muslim University and the only 2nd Muslim scientist after APJ Abdul Kalam to hold this rank at ISRO.”ISRO is the Indian Space Research Organisation.Aligarh Muslim University is located in the north Indian city of Aligarh.APJ Abdul Kalam was a former space scientist and President of India.The photo was shared with a similar claim on Facebook here and here; and here on Instagram.The claim is misleading.There is no position with the title “director” within the ISRO, according to this page on the agency’s website.The agency’s most senior position is the chairman. K. Sivan is listed as the chairman as of June 22, 2021.Khushboo Mirza has been working as a scientist with ISRO since 2006, according to her official LinkedIn profile.Mirza was part of the research team of India’s space missions to moon in 2008 and 2019, as reported by Indian news outlets Indian Express; TwoCircles.net; News18; and Patrika.Several Indian news websites, for example here and here, misleadingly claimed Mirza was promoted to director within the ISRO in June 2020.Mirza denied rumours of her promotion here in a Facebook post on June 27, 2020.Below is a screenshot of her Facebook post: She told Indian news site The Quint in June 2021: “The claim that I have been promoted to the Director rank in ISRO is absolutely false. Such claims have been made in the past as well. I have brought this to the notice of my organisation as well.”Former Indian president APJ Abdul Kalam has also never held a top position in the ISRO as claimed in the misleading posts. His name does not feature in this list of former chairmen within the organisation.",,Posts misleadingly claim Muslim woman appointed ‘director’ of India’s space agency,,,,,, +33,3,1,5,Missing context,Multiple sources,2021-06-17,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/defend-billionaires-sign-picturing-musk-not-real-ad,"Billboard of Elon Musk that reads ""Defend Billionaires"" spotted ""in the wild""",2021-06-09,factcheck_afp,,"A tweet claims a billboard with Elon Musk’s photo that reads “Defend billionaires” can be seen outdoors. But the sign is not real. It is the digital artwork of designer Martin Sprouse, and the image was published on Sprouse’s Instagram account the month before it spread on Twitter.“Spotted in the wild. I hate this mf place,” the June 9, 2021 tweet reads. As of June 17, the post had gathered more than 40,000 likes and nearly 7,000 retweets. A screenshot of the tweet taken on June 17, 2021The same visual was also shared on Facebook, here and here, and on Instagram.The image started to be widely shared on social media after the release of an investigative report by New York-based journalism nonprofit ProPublica, which revealed several of the richest Americans have paid zero income tax in some years, including Tesla chief Musk and Amazon’s chairman Jeff Bezos. The report comes as Washington weighs new proposals to address tax avoidance among wealthy individuals and companies.Some social media users, however, were not fooled by the visual imagery and recognized it as a creation of California designer Sprouse. AFP Fact Check found that the original artwork was posted on his official Instagram account “3chordpolitics” on May 18, 2021, about three weeks before the image started to get shared on social media by other users, a search on social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle shows. A similar creation using Bezos’s photo was published by Sprouse on June 11, 2021. In a 2020 interview on YouTube, the artist explained how he does these pieces mainly to express himself, “and maybe, I think people figure it out on their own, they see the graphic and it confirms what they’re feeling, or pisses them off... or they feel comfort and solidarity, which I think is a huge part of the graphics.” “You make a ‘Fuck the police’ graphic, not just to piss off the police, it’s to make comfort for people that have that same feeling,” he said during the interview. At the time of writing this article Sprouse had not responded to an AFP request for comment.",,‘Defend billionaires’ sign picturing Musk is not real ad,,,,,, +34,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-06-15,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/us-teen-space-enthusiast-has-not-been-chosen-one-way-mission-mars,Aspiring astronaut Alyssa Carson is selected for a one way mission to Mars,2021-05-31,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook posts shared thousands of times claim a 20-year-old American space enthusiast, Alyssa Carson, has been selected for a one-way voyage to become ""the first living being to land on Mars"". The claim is false: as of June 15, 2021, Carson was not a qualified astronaut, and the technology to facilitate a human mission to Mars is still in development. As of June 15, 2021, there were no credible reports of Carson joining a mission to Mars.The claim was shared in this Facebook post published on May 31, 2021. It has been shared more than 500 times.“Beautiful girl Alyssa Carson will voyage to Mars, never to return, on behalf of Earth,” reads the Sinhala-language text.“Usually, as a girl grows up, she has various hopes and dreams. But wouldn't you be surprised if you were told that a 20-year-old girl was ready to risk her life, not knowing what will happen to her and embark on a journey from which she will never return? That is Alyssa Carson, the first living being to land on Mars.” Carson has made headlines for her dream of being among the first humans on Mars. The undergraduate student has taken part in various space camps and academies, and earned her pilot’s license aged 18, according to her website and LinkedIn profile.  Similar posts claiming Carson has been selected for a one-way voyage to Mars have been shared here, here and here.However, the claim is false.As of June 15, 2021, Carson was not a qualified astronaut.""To be able to actually apply as an astronaut, I need a master's degree and then some work experience. It's pretty tough competition,” she told ABC Australia in an interview published on April 1, 2021.Carson and her team did not immediately respond to AFP requests for comment. But as of June 15, 2021 there were no reports of her being selected for a mission to Mars either on her official website, verified social media pages, or in any media reports.NASA said it has not selected any crew members for a mission to Mars.It said it had also not selected a crew for its Artemis programme, which will send astronauts to the Moon to test new technologies ahead of a mission to Mars.“At this time, we have not yet made any crew assignments for Artemis or Mars missions,” NASA Public Affairs Officer Kathryn Hambleton told AFP.The agency says it hopes to send humans to Mars as early as the 2030s. ""Technology development has already begun to enable a crewed Mars mission as early as the 2030s. Many of the capabilities will be demonstrated at the Moon first, during the Artemis missions, while other systems are more uniquely suited for deeper space,"" says the agency.Hambleton said that NASA “does not have any formal relationship” with Alyssa Carson.“NASA has lots of ways we engage with students to promote NASA's core missions and space exploration in general, and we love to see students get interested and excited. However, we do not have any formal relationship with Ms. Carson,” she said.Responding to the claim about a one-way mission to Mars, NASA’s Hambleton said: “We will always bring our crew members home”.",,US teen space enthusiast has not been chosen for one-way mission to Mars,,,,,, +35,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-06-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/false-magnetic-claims-circulate-online-about-astrazeneca-vaccine,AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccines make human bodies pair with a Bluetooth device,2021-05-28,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts have shared claims that electronic devices “recognise” people who have received the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine. The posts go on to claim that anyone who receives the vaccine will become “magnetic”; will have their DNA altered and will die from blood clots. The claims are false, according to health experts.The claims were shared here on Naver Blog on May 28, 2021.The post's Korean-language caption translates to English as: “Electronic devices recognise a person who got vaccinated against Covid-19 as another device with a Bluetooth function. They pair you and you show up as ‘AstraZeneca’.“Now it all makes sense that people who get a Covid-19 jab dies due to a rare blood clot and becomes magnetic. It has become clear that the vaccines alter your DNA.” Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on June 10, 2021.The claim was shared alongside several screenshots of a video overlaid with English-language text that reads: “AstraZeneca Bluetooth Side Effect” and “Connect to the Bluetooth see what happens part 2!”The video was originally posted on TikTok here on June 4, 2021. It has since been removed.The AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine is among the three coronavirus vaccines being administered in South Korea.As of June 14, 2021, the country had administered more than 7.9 million first doses and more than 711,000 second doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.Similar claims have also been shared on Facebook here and here; as well as on the South Korean social media site Daum Cafe here. The claims are false, according to health experts.Not magnetic“There are no ingredients in the AstraZeneca vaccines or any other Covid-19 vaccines that could turn people into Bluetooth or make a human body react to Bluetooth,” a spokesperson at the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) told AFP on June 9, 2021.“Scientifically, the claim does not make sense.”AFP has previously debunked false posts that claim people exhibit magnetic properties after being vaccinated for Covid-19.People can easily change their Bluetooth name using their mobile devices or Windows operating system, as explained here in Korean and here in English.'Extremely rare'No one in South Korea has died from rare blood clots associated with the AstraZeneca vaccine as of June 14, 2021.To date, authorities have reported one patient developed blood clots after receiving the jab.“The patient has been treated and recovered,” a KDCA official told AFP on June 14, 2021.“A possibility of having a blood clot as a result of the vaccination against Covid-19 is extremely rare,” the agency said here on its website on June 10, 2021.“It can be treated and recovered if it’s diagnosed at an early stage.”The European Medicines Agency has said unusual blood clots should be listed as a very rare side effect of the AstraZeneca vaccine, although it has stressed that its overall benefits in preventing Covid-19 outweigh the risks. AFP reported on the developments here.False DNA claimCovid-19 vaccines cannot alter DNA, health experts say. “Whilst [Covid-19 vaccine] technologies both use genetic codes to produce the spike protein inside the body, this code cannot be incorporated into the body’s DNA,” the Oxford University-run Vaccine Knowledge Project said here on March 17, 2021.“Vaccines do not contain the ‘specialised tools’ needed to ‘copy’ or ‘edit’ DNA.”AFP has previously debunked false claims that Covid-19 vaccines alter DNA.",,False ‘magnetic’ claims circulate online about AstraZeneca vaccine,,,,,, +36,2.5,1,5,Missing context,Multiple sources,2021-06-11,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/vessel-image-was-actually-built-2019,Image shows recently made vessel by Sri Lankan engineers,2021-06-06,factcheck_afp,,"In June 2021, Sri Lankan Facebook users shared an image of a ship they claimed was built ""a few days ago"". But the claim is misleading: the ship in the photograph was actually built and delivered to a Japanese company in 2019.The image of the ship was shared in this post published on June 6, 2021.The Sinhala text superimposed on the image reads: “How’s the biggest ship made in Sri Lanka that impressed even the Japanese? How does it look -- the biggest ship made a few days ago in Sri Lanka with 100 percent knowledge from local engineers? Within a matter of about 21 months, this ship was produced under the request of a Japanese company.” Screenshot of the Facebook post captured on June 7,2021 The same image and claim were shared on Facebook such as here, here and here.However, the claim is misleading.The ship was not built recently -- manufacturing began in Sri Lanka in 2017 and was completed in 2019.A Google keyword search found this article published by Sri Lanka’s leading shipbuilding company, Colombo Dockyard PLC, on June 25, 2019.The article, titled “Colombo Dockyard delivers 'KDDI Cable Infinity' built for Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. Japan”, says in part: “Colombo Dockyard PLC (CDPLC) delivered the first ever modern Cable Laying Vessel built for Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. (KCS) Japan, on 21st June 2019 attended by a host of dignitaries. This is the biggest ever vessel, price-wise as well as length-wise, built by Colombo Dockyard in its illustrious journey of shipbuilding excellence and the first ever ship built ‘in its class’ from Sri Lanka to Japan.”The prototype of the ship that was unveiled at the event matches the image of the ship in the misleading Facebook posts. Below is a comparison between the photo of the model ship from the 2019 article (L) and the image of the ship in the misleading posts (R) with identical markings highlighted by AFP in yellow:  Comparison between the photo of the model ship from the 2019 article (L) and the image of the ship in the misleading posts (R) with identical markings highlighted by AFP in yellow:A keyword further search found this clip published on Colombo Dockyard’s official YouTube channel on August 16, 2019 that features the ship titled: ‘KDDI Cable Infinity Vessel’.Below is a screenshot comparison of the vessel in the YouTube video (L) and the image in the misleading Facebook posts (R): Multiple local media reports were published in 2019 regarding the production of the cable ship including here by Sri Lankan online newspaper ColomboPage and here by local news service EconomyNext.",,The vessel in the image was actually built in 2019,,,,,, +37,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-06-10,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/fabricated-tweet-falsely-claims-facebook-founder-had-dig-nigerian-leaders-health,Zuckerberg says Buhari needs medical check up,2021-06-01,factcheck_afp,,"A screenshot shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims to show a tweet from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg making derogatory comments about the health of Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari. In reality, the tweet was fabricated and Zuckerberg does not have a verified or active Twitter account.“The Nigerian president needs medical checkup he maybe suffering from the inability to think properly (sic),” reads the screenshot of the purported tweet, which was shared on Facebook here, here and here. A screenshot showing the fabricated tweet, taken on June 7, 2021Twitter ban in NigeriaThe tweet appeared after Nigeria’s government announced the indefinite suspension of Twitter on June 4, 2021. The move came in response to the platform deleting one of the president’s tweets for violating Twitter policy, as AFP reported here.The ban sparked international criticism. Joint statement on the Government of Nigeria’s announcement to suspend Twitter ⬇️ #TwitterBan We continue to advocate for the fundamental #HumanRights to freedom of speech and access to information, protected by #Nigeria’s constitution. https://t.co/T57glGUwin pic.twitter.com/sfXKV7Z3HZ — Canada in Nigeria (@CanHCNigeria) June 5, 2021Facebook has since also removed the same comments by Buhari but the Nigerian government has yet to take action against the social media network.Zuckerberg and TwitterThe tweet was fabricated and Zuckerberg has no verified Twitter account. Zuckerberg joined the platform in 2009 under the handle @finkd, not “@Markzuckerberg” as seen in the hoax screenshot. Since creating his account, the Facebook founder has tweeted only 19 times, with his last tweet dating back to January 2012. A screenshot taken on June 9, 2021, showing Zuckerberg's Twitter account and last tweetThough unverified, the account is followed by Google CEO Sundar Pichai, YouTube, Microsoft and Zuckerberg’s Facebook. @finkd is followed by Google CEO, YouTube, Microsoft and Facebook itselfIn 2009, Zuckerberg was reported to have maintained a private account with the handle @zuck which sent no public tweet until it was deactivated. He rejoined Twitter in March 2009 with his current handle, although the account is dormant today. Business Insider reported that Zuckerberg followed only one person in 2019. Zuckerberg used these accounts around the time he was looking to buy Twitter but the deal failed.None of Zuckerberg’s 19 tweets mention Nigeria or Buhari, who was elected in 2015, three years after Zuckerberg last tweeted. There is also no evidence that Zuckerberg has tweeted at all in 2021.According to the fabricated screenshot, the tweet has been retweeted 2.6 million times and liked 3.7 million times. If this was the case, it would be one of the most shared tweets in Twitter history. Wikipedia keeps a list of the most retweeted tweets in history and according to the list, the tweet does not exist.Tweets are easily fabricatedIt is difficult to prove a tweet once existed after it has been deleted unless it was archived on websites like Wayback Machine. The New York Times created a database of all tweets posted by former US president Donald Trump, while Factbase saved all his deleted tweets here. Tweets can also easily be doctored. For example, TweetGen is a website that can be used to generate tweets of choice with pictures and timestamps to make them look real, as shown in the example below: An image of a fabricated tweet made by AFP Fact CheckFacebook is yet to reply to AFP Fact Check’s request for comment.",,Fabricated tweet falsely claims Facebook founder had dig at Nigerian leader’s health,,,,,, +38,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-06-10,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/false-reasons-refuse-covid-19-vaccines-circulate-online,Eight reasons not to get vaccinated against Covid-19,2021-05-29,factcheck_afp,,"As South Korea races to speed up its Covid-19 vaccine roll-out, posts emerged on social media sharing a list of “reasons” not to get the jab. The claims are false: AFP has previously debunked all purported reasons cited in the misleading posts, including claims that coronavirus vaccines have not been tested on animals or that their ingredients have not been published by pharmaceutical companies.The claim was shared here on South Korean blogging platform Naver Blog on May 29, 2021.The Korean-language post reads: “I met with a prominent professor of biotechnology. He’s currently working at a university in Boston, USA. We talked about the current Covid-19 situation.“Since he is afraid of being called a conspiracy theorist, he didn’t want to identify himself. But I’m sharing what I heard because it might be helpful to you.” Screenshot of the misleading Naver Blog post, taken on June 4, 2021.The post lists “eight reasons not to get vaccinated”:1) mRNA technology lacks a track record of studies;2) There is no scientific evidence that Covid-19 vaccines can protect people;3) The virus’s spike protein sheds and reproduces itself;4) The body will become a factory to produce spike protein;5) Covid-19 vaccines were not tested on animals;6) Vaccine makers did not reveal the ingredients of their products;7) Doctors are afraid of reporting adverse events in case of retaliation from drug companies; and8) PCR tests are not scientifically reliable.The same list has been shared on Facebook here and here; on Naver Blog here and here; and on Daum Blog here.The claim surfaced as South Korea raced to beef up its coronavirus vaccine roll-out, with authorities pledging to inoculate 13 million people with their first dose by the end of June.While South Korea was held up as a model in handling the pandemic, the government has faced criticism for an initially sluggish vaccination campaign compared with other developed countries.However, the claims are false. AFP has previously debunked all purported reasons cited in the misleading posts.mRNA technologyMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, like the ones developed by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, deliver genetic instructions to produce the viral proteins needed to provoke a safe but robust offensive against the coronavirus.While no mRNA vaccine had ever been approved for humans before the pandemic, the technology has been in the making for years.“mRNA vaccines have been studied before for flu, Zika, rabies, and cytomegalovirus (CMV),” the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on its website on March 4, 2021.“As soon as the necessary information about the virus that causes COVID-19 was available, scientists began designing the mRNA instructions for cells to build the unique spike protein into an mRNA vaccine.”The CDC said mRNA vaccines have been held to the same standards as all other types of vaccines in the United States.Covid-19 vaccine efficacyInternational health experts recommend taking the vaccine to build immunity against SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes Covid-19. “Studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are effective at keeping you from getting COVID-19. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine will also help keep you from getting seriously ill even if you do get COVID-19,” the World Health Organization (WHO) said on October 28, 2020.Scientists are still learning how well vaccines prevent the transmission of the virus, although “early data show that vaccines help keep people with no symptoms from spreading COVID-19,” the CDC said.Spike proteinsHealth experts said there is no shedding of the virus’s spike protein -- which the vaccine makes inside the body to elicit an immune response -- when people receive a Covid-19 jab.Dasantila Golemi-Kotra, a microbiologist at Canada’s York University said that “no spike protein gets shed when we get vaccinated.”“Even if the spike protein was shedding, although impossible, this protein cannot infect someone else,” she told AFP in April 2021. Barry Pakes, assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, also explained in April 2021 that “there is absolutely no evidence whatsoever of shedding of spike protein in vaccinated individuals, nor is it even theoretically possible.”Scientists said that mRNA from vaccines was quickly degraded in the body.“There is no doubt that after a very short period of time, after it has created antigens [proteins] which in turn lead to antibodies, the RNA from the vaccine is destroyed,” French geneticist Axel Kahn told AFP in December 2020.Animal testsIn the US, three Covid-19 vaccines have been authorised for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): one from Pfizer-BioNtech, another from Moderna and a third from Johnson & Johnson.All three companies disclosed the results of trials on non-human subjects. The vaccines caused an immune response that protected animals against a SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes Covid-19.Vaccine ingredientsIngredients of four major Covid-19 vaccines are available to check on the websites of either manufacturers or health authorities: Oxford–AstraZeneca, Pfizer–BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson and Moderna.Reporting adverse eventsVaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a tool to report adverse events from vaccination. It is a passive reporting system, meaning it relies on individuals to send in reports of their experiences, according to the system’s official website.“Anyone can submit a report to VAERS, including parents and patients,” it reads. In particular, healthcare providers are required by law to report adverse events; regardless of whether the vaccine is thought to have caused the adverse event.PCR testsA PCR test diagnoses people who are currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes Covid-19.The test, which involves collecting a swab sample from a person’s nose or throat, is considered the most accurate and reliable test for Covid-19, according to Cleveland Clinic,  a nonprofit American academic medical centre based in Cleveland, Ohio.AFP has debunked hundreds of false claims about vaccines and the pandemic, which are available here.",,False ‘reasons’ to refuse Covid-19 vaccines circulate online,,,,,, +39,1,1,5,False,,2021-06-09,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/digital-effects-image-misrepresented-online-actual-photo-himalayas-space,Actual photo of the Himalayas taken from the International Space Station,2021-06-03,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook and Twitter posts have shared an image that they claim shows an actual photograph of the Himalayas shot from the International Space Station. But the claim is false: the image is not an actual photograph and was in fact created using digital effects software.The image was posted June 3, 2021 by an India-based user here in a public Facebook group called ‘Mysterious Facts’. The misleading post’s caption says: “The Himalayas from the International Space Station”. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on June 4, 2021.The same image and claim have been widely shared online, for example on Facebook here, here and here; on Twitter here and here in English, and here in Spanish; and on 9GAG here since 2020.But the claim is false.The image is actually computer-generated and was created by graphic designer Christoph Hormann using digital effects technology. A Google reverse image search found the same image on Hormann’s website where prints of his work are available for purchase.Hormann’s website states he produces “illustrations of geographic contexts in the best possible quality”.The misleading posts have rotated the original image created by Hormann 90 degrees clockwise and cropped out the credits.  Screenshots comparing the original image and the image in the misleading post. Taken June 4, 2021.Further keyword searches found the image was also shared here with the correct caption by Science Photo Library, a stock photography website.Its caption reads in part: “This image was created by Christoph Hormann using data obtained from satellites such as Landsat and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission).“The data was processed into computer models using three-dimensional rendering software and then coloured and distorted to mimic the natural curvature of the Earth.”Actual photographs taken from the ISS of the Himalayas and other places on Earth, can be found on NASA’s official website.",,Digital effects image misrepresented online as actual photo of the Himalayas from space,,,,,, +40,5,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ4QH-3,Passengers protest as ruling PTI ministers cause flight delay in Pakistan,2021-07-23,factcheck_afp,,"A video of angry passengers at an airport has been shared in social media posts that claim they were arguing with ministers from Pakistan's ruling PTI party after their flight was ""delayed for four hours"" to wait for them. The claim is false; the video has circulated online in reports about passengers blaming civil aviation officials for a delayed flight in July 2018, shortly before the PTI came to power.""The PIA flight from Islamabad to Skardu was delayed for four hours while waiting for a few ministers of PTI and their families. Watch and listen to what an American-settled family told the minister when he arrived at the airport,"" reads an Urdu-language Facebook post from July 23.PIA refers to Pakistan International Airlines, while PTI refers to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, the country's ruling party.The video, viewed more than 190,000 times, shows a woman arguing with a group of men in suits at an airport lounge.""You walk over the people who have given you the rank and status, this is shameful,"" she says. ""We have missed our flights due to this delay"". Other passengers chant ""shame, shame"". A screenshot taken on July 26, 2021 of the misleading Facebook post ( AFP)Similar posts were shared here, here and here on Facebook and here, here and here on Twitter.The posts sparked criticism from social media users.""Very disappointed by PTI's governance,"" one person commented.However, the claim is false. This video does not show an altercation between passengers and PTI ministers, but between passengers and the civil aviation officials in 2018.A reverse image search on Google found the same video published on July 19, 2018 here on YouTube, titled: ""PIA Flight delayed from Islamabad to skardu"".Below is a screenshots comparison of the video posted in July 2018 (L) and the video in the recent misleading posts (R): A screenshots comparison of the video posted in July 2018 (L) and the video in the recent misleading posts (R): ( AFP)Pakistani newspaper The Nation also included a similar image in this report on passengers protesting a delayed flight on July 17, 2018 at Skardu airport, alleging that the airline management had sacrificed customers’ rights to favour top Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) officials with a ""joyride"".Below is a screenshot comparison of the video posted in the misleading posts (L) and the image published on The Nation (R): Screenshot comparison of the video posted in the misleading posts (L) and the image published on The Nation (R):Dawn newspaper reported the same incident here on July 18, 2018.At that time, Pakistan was under a caretaker government awaiting elections on July 25, 2018. PTI came to power in August 2018 and had no federal or provincial ministers when the video in the misleading posts started to circulate in July.The swearing-in of Prime Minister Imran Khan, the founder and the Chairman of PTI, was reported by AFP here on August 18, 2018.",,Old video of passengers protesting delayed flight in Pakistan misleads on social media,,,,,, +41,2,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GM4T3-1,Pakistan opposition party supporters in police van during recent elections,2021-07-25,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook and Twitter posts in Pakistan purport to show a photo of supporters of an opposition party travelling in a police vehicle during recent provincial elections in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The claim is misleading: the image is from 2018 and shows party supporters in the capital Islamabad during national elections that year.The image was posted here on Facebook on July 25, 2021. “It’s Raja Farooq’s government and the police are fully supporting the N-League. The Election Commission in the Kashmir elections is sleeping with its eyes closed,” reads the post’s Urdu-language caption.Raja Farooq Haider Khan is a member of the opposition Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) party and the Prime Minister of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, known locally as Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK) province. The image shows people travelling in a police van while waving a PML-N flag. Screenshot of the image with the misleading caption. Taken on July 27, 2021. ( AFP / ) The province -- which follows a separate electoral process from the rest of Pakistan -- held its polls on July 25, which were won by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) party.Several users appeared to believe the photo was from the recent AJK elections. One wrote in Urdu: “The League supporters will achieve nothing, we’ve visited all of Kashmir. Allah willing, PTI will win” while another wrote in an Urdu transliteration: “In Pakistan, the police supports PTI against the TLP. They supported the N-League here, so what?”The photo was shared with similar claims on Facebook here and here; and on Twitter here, here and here.However, the posts are misleading. The image shows PML-N supporters in the nation’s capital Islamabad during the national elections in 2018.A reverse image search found the same photo posted here in a report by local media outlet Dawn News in 2018. The first paragraph of the report reads: “ISLAMABAD: Taking advantage of police leniency, workers from the PML-N used official police vans to escort former prime minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi during a campaign rally on Thursday.”Below is a screenshot comparing the image in the misleading posts (L) with the one from Dawn News (R). The word ‘Islamabad’ can also be seen on the license plates in both images and has been circled in red by AFP: Screenshot comparing the photo in the misleading post (L) with the one from Dawn News (R). Taken on July 27, 2021. ( AFP / )",,"This is an old image showing Pakistan's national elections in 2018, not the recent poll in Kashmir",,,,,, +42,1,1,5,False,එක රටක්,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GE8QL-1,Union leader slams Sri Lankan government for buying Covid-19 vaccines,2021-07-22,factcheck_afp,,"A photo collage has been shared in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows a news report where a union leader purportedly criticised the government for procuring Covid-19 vaccines instead of paying teachers' salaries. But the claim is false: the photos in the collage have been doctored to add fabricated remarks into an original report that aired before the wide availability of Covid-19 vaccines in the country.The photo collage was shared more than 300 times here on Facebook on July 22, 2021.It shows screenshots of a purported television news interview with Sri Lankan teachers union leader Joseph Stalin.The image at the top features a Sinhala-language news ticker that states: ""There is money to bring the vaccine"".The image at the bottom states: ""but no money to increase salaries of teachers"".Both images feature the logo of local media organisation Hiru TV.The post's caption translates as: ""Typical petty JVP-er"". Screenshot of the misleading post captured on July 23, 2021 ( Lakna PARANAMANNA)""JVP"" is an acronym for the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna political opposition party in Sri Lanka.The post circulated online the same day teachers staged a protest in the capital Colombo demanding higher wages.An identical photo collage was also shared alongside a similar claim on Facebook here and here. The claim however is false: the photos in the collage had been doctored.Keyword searches found the photos were taken from this video uploaded on Facebook on June 16, 2020.The video's caption states: ""A silent protest was staged with the participation of trade unions, community organizations today (16) at the Colombo Lipton Circus, expressing objection to the inhumane attack by the government on the protest staged by the Front Line Socialist party.""The protestors called upon the government to halt attempts to curtail freedom of speech, assembly and to protest. A large crowd attended this protest.""The purported remarks made by Stalin about Covid-19 vaccines had been digitally inserted onto the screenshots, along with the Hiru TV logo.Below is a screenshot comparison of the doctored photos (L) and the original news report (R):   The video circulated online months before Sri Lanka began its Covid-19 vaccination program on January 29, 2021 as reported here by the state-run Rupavahini Sinhala News.News telecasts aired noon, evening and late night by Hiru TV on July 22 -- the day the misleading posts started being shared online -- also do not show Stalin criticising the government for procuring Covid-19 vaccines.In response to the misleading posts, Stalin told AFP on July 26: ""I have not said such a thing... I have been lobbying for the teachers and other professionals in the education sector to be vaccinated before local school terms start.""",,Doctored collage falsely claims union leader slammed Sri Lanka's government for buying Covid-19 vaccines,,,,,, +43,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF67H-1,Construction of sea link bridge in Mumbai took place under Modi government,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"Politicians from India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) claimed that the country's first ""sea bridge"", the 5.6-kilometre (3.5-mile) Bandra-Worli Sea Link in Mumbai, was built under the rule of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The claim is false: work on the landmark bridge began a decade before Modi took office, and it was inaugurated in 2009, when the Indian National Congress was in power. ""This is not a US-France London bridge, this is Mumbai's Bandra bridge. Under Modi's leadership, my India is moving forward and defining new ways of development through its actions and resolutions,"" reads a Hindi-language Facebook post published on July 16 by BJP worker Pankaj Awasthi.""Today, my India is setting new records of development under the leadership of respected Prime Minister Narendra Modi. There are thousands of such projects and far-reaching policies, there are thousands of such achievements with Bharatiya Janata Party, which have been attained under the leadership of Modi. We will bring these works and achievements to more and more people and so form the BJP government again!""The Bandra-Worli Sea Link is located in India's financial capital Mumbai, a city controlled by opposition parties. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 26, 2021  BJP district ministers Munnaram Suthar and Ghanshyam Kumar also shared the claim, which was picked up by Facebook users, including here and here. However, the claim is false.AFP ran a Google keyword search and found various news reports on the opening of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link, an eight-lane freeway designed to cut the journey time between the eponymous Mumbai suburbs and ease congestion in the Indian financial capital's notoriously choked roads.The landmark bridge was inaugurated on June 30, 2009 by Sonia Gandhi, party chief of the then-ruling Indian National Congress, the Times of India and Hindustan Times reported. The bridge, also known as the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link, was named after her late husband, who was noted for promoting technology during his time as prime minister. The freeway was first commissioned in 2000 but work was held up until 2004 because of litigation and protests from the local fishing community.In 2000, the BJP's Atal Bihari Vajpayee was prime minister. When work commenced in October 2004, Manmohan Singh from the Indian National Congress (INC) was in power, and still held office when the bridge was officially opened in June 2009.Narendra Modi became prime minister in May 2014.AFP has previously debunked misinformation shared by BJP politicians, including a photo of a garbage-filled river in the Philippines which party members falsely claimed was taken in Mumbai, and misleading posts attributing a string of crises in Delhi to the chief minister.",,BJP politicians falsely claim PM Modi built landmark Mumbai bridge,,,,,, +44,1,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF7PU-1,This photo shows a political rally for Asaduddin Owaisi in India,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared hundreds of times in multiple social media posts that claim it shows a large rally for an Indian Muslim politician during the pandemic. The claim is false: the photo shows an Islamic procession in Bangladesh in 2019.The image was shared in a Hindi-language tweet posted on July 19.The caption translates to English as: ""Huge crowd of a specific community gathered in UP’s Moradabad in Asaduddin Owaisi’s rally and here we are, entangled over BJP, BSP and SP. You people too should stop being in any delusion and think about your future"".""UP"" refers to India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh.Asaduddin Owaisi is leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) party and member of parliament for Hyderabad in India's southern Telangana state. A screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 25, 2021The post emerged online after speculation about the AIMIM teaming up with other parties in a bid to defeat the ruling BJP in Uttar Pradesh's upcoming assembly elections in February 2022. The post also misleadingly suggests India's Muslims are permitted to gather for certain political events, while Hindus have been banned from gathering for religious festivals.The photo was posted with a similar claim here, here, and here on Facebook. However, the claim is false.A reverse image search on Google found the photo was published in this Facebook post on November 26, 2019. It was uploaded by photographer Faisal bin Latif in a post about a religious procession in the Bangladeshi city of Chattogram. A photo of the event shared by Faisal bin Latif on 26 November, 2019He also uploaded an album of photos showing the same event on photo-sharing website Flickr.The album's title reads: ""Jashney Julus, Miladunnabi, November 2019.”AFP found a similar video here on a Bengali-language YouTube channel showing a scene that corresponds with the image in the misleading posts.The video's title states that it shows the Miladun Nabi procession in Chattogram in November 2019.Miladun Nabi is an Islamic festival observed by Muslims as Prophet Mohammed’s birthday according to the Islamic calendar.In 2019, the festival was celebrated on November 10 in Bangladesh. Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube video's one-minute 17-second mark (R): Comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube videoThe same procession was also reported by Bengali news website Banglanews24.com on November 10, 2019.AFP found a similar structure pictured in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R): Similarity between the image in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R) snapshotAFP previously debunked posts sharing the same photo alongside a claim they showed the funeral procession of photojournalist Danish Siddiqui, who was killed while covering fighting between Afghan security forces and the Taliban.",,Bangladesh religious procession image shared in false posts about Indian political rally,,,,,, +45,5,1,5,Altered image,Multiple,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9G82NF-1,Photo shows Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell,2021-07-22,factcheck_afp,,"An image purporting to show detained Burmese leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell has been shared tens of thousands of times on Facebook. The claim is false; the image, originally published on online library Wikimedia Commons in 2013, has been doctored to add Suu Kyi’s face.The image was shared here on Facebook on July 22, 2021 which has been shared more than 17,000 times. The post’s caption in Bengali reads: ""No one's power lasts forever.""The image appears to show Myanmar's detained leader Aung San Suu Kyi dressed in orange overalls and looking out from a prison cell.Aung San Suu Kyi is the leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD) party which claimed an overwhelming victory in the second parliamentary election in November 2020, only to be ousted by the Myanmar junta in a coup on February 1, 2021.Suu Kyi, along with senior party leaders, was detained instantly by the military. She is now facing a series of charges against her including corruption and violating the State Secrets Act, AFP reported here.The image was also shared here and here on Facebook.However, the image has been doctored from a photo created in 2013 which does not feature Suu Kyi.A reverse image search found the original photo was published here on Wikimedia Commons, dated back to July 12, 2013 with photo credit to Officer Bimblebury.The photo caption reads: ""A female prisoner living inside her tiny prison cell. The cell provides the inmate with a toilet and a bed, as well as bars to protect her from the outside elements. The cell is designed for the comfort and benefit of the prisoner as well as the public."" Wikimedia Commons is a project of Wikimedia Foundation which provides free-use images, sounds and other media.Below is a screenshot of the image in the misleading Facebook post (L) and the original photo on Wikimedia Commons (R): ( Qadaruddin SHISHIR)Metadata information of the original photo on digital verification tool InVID-WeVerify also shows the image was last modified on July 12, 2013. A screenshot of the metadata information of the original photo on InVID-WeVerify, taken on July 26, 2021.",,Doctored photo does not show Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell,,,,,, +46,1,1,5,False,Multiple resources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GB8VH-5,"Video of demonstration in Cuba, 2021",2021-07-19,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts from around the world have shared footage of what they claim shows anti-government protests in Cuba. The claim is false: the video actually shows an anti-government protest in Haiti in 2019.""Cuba today,"" reads a traditional Chinese-language tweet posted on July 17. The video has been viewed more than 60,000 times. Screenshot taken on July 26, 2021, of the misleading Twitter post ( AFP)Thousands of Cubans joined rare anti-government protests on July 11, as the country faced its toughest phase yet of the coronavirus epidemic.The footage has been shared in various languages alongside similar claims, including Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian.The claim is false.A reverse image search of keyframes from the footage, using the InVid-WeVerify tool, found the same video posted in this tweet from Russian media outlet Redfish.It states the footage shows protesters in Haiti on October 13, 2019. Tens of thousands of protesters have taken to the streets of Haiti against the government and the IMF. pic.twitter.com/X7hPiJ6QYc — redfish (@redfishstream) October 14, 2019 An advanced Twitter search found the same video posted on the same day here, here and here in tweets about protests in Haiti.The video was also tweeted by journalist Sandra Lemaire from Voice of America (VOA) on October 13, 2019.She credited the footage to VOA Haiti correspondent Alexandre Joram, VOA correspondent.A search of VOA's Instagram page in Haiti, VOA Kreyòl, found the same sequence published on October 13, 2019.The post says the video shows a ""Haitian artists"" march and credits the footage to Alexandre Joran.           View this post on Instagram                       A post shared by VOA Creole (@voakreyol) Thousands of Haitians marched on October 13, 2019 to demand the resignation of demonstration then-president Jovenel Moise.Anti-government demonstrations paralysed daily life across much of Haiti from September to December 2019, with anger at Moise -- whose victory in the November 2016 election was rejected by the opposition -- boiling over due to a national fuel shortage.Moise's assassination on July 7, 2021 plunged the impoverished Caribbean nation in crisis. AFP debunked various false reports about the incident here and here.",,This video shows demonstrators in Haiti in 2019 -- not Cuba in 2021,,,,,, +47,1,1,5,False,Hal Turner Radio Show,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ3LG-1,French president's entire security force resigned,2021-07-24,factcheck_afp,,"A French member of parliament and an American radio host claimed that Emmanuel Macron's entire security detail resigned to protest the French president's initiative imposing health passes to participate in many aspects of public life. This is false; the Republican Guard did not resign, and it is tasked with presidential palace security, not his direct physical safety.""Protective Detail of France President ALL Resign over COVID Restrictions; will no longer protect President Macron,"" reads the headline of a July 24, 2021 article on the website of the Hal Turner Radio Show, a conspiracy-oriented program AFP has fact-checked before. Below the headline, a photo shows members of the Garde Républicaine, or Republican Guard, an elite French army corps tasked with special missions. Screenshot of an online article taken on July 26, 2021""The Republican Guard, a security detail established to protect the President of France, have ALL resigned, and will no longer protect President Macron!"" the article says of the 2,800-strong force.The Covid-19 restrictions mentioned in the headline refer to a decree by Macron that required proof of Covid-19 vaccination or a negative test to be able to attend events or enter places with more than 50 people. The ""health pass"" will be extended to restaurants, cafes and shopping centers in August. This was formalized into law by the country's parliament on July 25, 2021, despite widespread protests against it.However, the Republican Guard did not resign in relation to this law, and is not tasked with the French president's immediate physical safety.The unit responsible for direct personal protection of the French head of state is the Groupe de sécurité de la présidence de la République, whose members hail from both the police and the Gendarmerie.The Republican Guard is a French army unit tasked with ""public safety missions and protocol representation,"" according to its official webpage. Its members are not in charge of the direct safety of the French president like the US Secret Service, but they indirectly play this role by ensuring the security of the Elysee Palace, where the president lives. A spokesperson for the Gendarmerie told AFP on July 26, 2021 that the Republican Guard ""is still"" performing its palace duties. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French army tasked with law enforcement roles, to which the Republican Guard answers. On social media, neither the Garde Républicaine nor the Gendarmerie, nor any French media, mentioned a mass resignation of the force's members.The false claims regarding the Republican Guard began when Martine Wonner, an independent member of parliament in France, claimed in a video that the force no longer wished to protect Macron.Wonner is a Covid-skeptic who was part of the government's party before she was ousted due to her controversial stances.She also faced calls from her opposition party to quit that group after she urged people to lay siege to MPs who approved the health pass.Before the vaccine passport law can be applied, it must be approved by France's highest administrative authority, the Constitutional Council, which will vote on it on August 5.",,French president's security detail did not resign over Covid-19 bill,,,,,, +48,1,1,5,False,Various sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP6FY-3,Chinese President Xi Jinping asks for Indonesian's Kalimantan island as 'debt collateral',2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"A video of Chinese President Xi Jinping giving a speech has been viewed hundreds of thousands of times on TikTok, Facebook and YouTube, with a claim that it shows Xi is demanding Indonesia's Kalimantan region as a ""debt collateral"". The claim is false: the Indonesian subtitles in the video do not match Xi’s actual speech. The video in fact shows Xi speaking at the Indonesian parliament in 2013; the Chinese leader did not mention about Kalimantan nor any debt collateral in his speech. The video was posted on TikTok here on July 15, 2021, and has been viewed more than 8,000 times.The video shows Chinese President Xi Jinping giving a speech in Mandarin, with Indonesian-language subtitles that read: ""In this visit, I want to ask President Jokowi Dodo to pay his country's debt to China"",  referring to Indonesian President Joko Widodo, popularly known as Jokowi.The subtitles then read: ""In an agreed timeline in the memorandum of agreement that we have made together in the investment contract ""China to Indonesia in Jokowi Dodo's victory in the last election and infrastructure building capital. If not, then we in the name of the Chinese government's authority will seize Kalimantan island as the debt collateral to the Chinese government. We will not hesitate to use force in this matter!!!""The post's caption and the superimposed text on the clip read: ""Hoax or fact??? China wants to take over Kalimantan island as Indonesia's debt collateral.""  Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 19, 2021Kalimantan refers to the Indonesian-controlled parts of Borneo island; the rest of the island belong to Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. China is the second biggest foreign investor in Indonesia. Indonesia's debt to China stands at around $21.47 billion, according to the latest data published by Bank Indonesia, the Indonesian central bank, and the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, making China the fourth largest holder of Indonesia's foreign debts. The clip has been viewed more than 208,000 times after it appeared with a similar claim on YouTube here, here and here; and on Facebook here, here and here.However, the claim is false.A keyword search on Google found the original video of Xi's speech was posted here on the YouTube channel of China's state broadcaster CGTN on October 3, 2013, titled ""President Xi Jinping delivers speech at Indonesia parliament."" The news anchor in the video said in the first few seconds of the broadcast: ""This, of course, is a historic moment for diplomacy between Jakarta and Beijing because Xi Jinping becomes the first-ever foreign leader — not just the first Chinese leader, but the first-ever foreign leader to address politicians inside the Indonesian parliament"".The misleading video corresponds to the CGTN video from the 21:44 mark, where Xi says: ""President Susilo and I have jointly announced our decision to upgrade our bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership, with a view to building on past achievements and bringing about all-round and in-depth growth of our relationship.""President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was in office from 2004 to 2014. He was succeeded by Jokowi, who was sworn in on October 20, 2014. The subtitles in the misleading video do not match Xi's actual speech.The full transcript of Xi's speech, published by China Daily, the state-owned English newspaper, here, shows he did not mention any debt collateral nor Kalimantan.Below are screenshot comparisons between the misleading clip (L) and the CGTN video (R): Screenshot comparisons of the clip in the misleading post (L) and the CGTN video (R)Xi's speech to the Indonesian's parliament in 2013 was also reported by Indonesian media outlets, such as Kompas and Detik.com.",,This video does not show Chinese president demanding Indonesia's island as 'debt collateral',,,,,, +49,1,1,5,False,juanli324,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH4XQ-1,"Cuban President announced his resignation on July 17, 2021.",2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"After thousands of Cubans marched in anti-government protests, Chinese-language social media posts claimed that President Miguel Diaz-Canel announced he would resign in a televised broadcast on July 17. The claim is false: Diaz-Canel criticised what he said was a ""false narrative"" of the unrest, but did not say he would step down. As of July 26, 2021, he was still serving as Cuba's president. ""This morning (July 17) Havana Time, the Community Party of Cuban's president and first secretary Miguel Diaz-Canel announced in a televised broadcast: Resigned from public office and party leadership,"" reads a traditional Chinese-language tweet posted on July 18.""Full launch of political deepening and economic reforms, new foreign relations policy, free elections in the country, and participation of the Cuban Communist Party in the election of congressmen as a political party. This means Cuba has been released from its one-party dictatorship."" A screenshot, taken on July 21, 2021, of the misleading post. ( AFP)In mid-July 2021, thousands of Cubans joined anti-government protests in 40 cities. AFP reported on the unrest here.A similar claim was shared on Facebook here and here and on Twitter here and here.The claim is, however, false. A keyword search on Google found a transcript of Diaz-Canel's speech on July 17.It was published here on the president's official site.  A screenshot, taken on July 26, 2021, of the Cuba President's speech transcript. ( AFP)At the rally, he decried what he said was the dissemination of ""false images"" on social networks that ""glorify the outrage and destruction of property."" ""What the world is seeing of Cuba is a lie,"" he saidDiaz-Canel did not announce he would resign from office. As of July 26, he remained in power. AFP found no credible news reports about his purported resignation.",,Cuban president did not 'announce resignation' immediately after anti-government protests,,,,,, +50,1,1,5,Altered Image,Multiple sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP4T6-1,Aam Admi Party billboard says,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"An image of a billboard advert from an Indian opposition party that purports to include a pro-Muslim message has been shared repeatedly in multiple Facebook posts. The image, however, has been doctored from a photo of a billboard that displayed a different message. The misleading image was shared here in a Facebook group with more than 250,000 followers.It purports to show a billboard advertisement from India's opposition Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).The advert appears to read: ""Gujarat will read Namaz. Quit useless traditions like Bhagwat Gita week and Satyanarayan Katha."" Screenshot of post with morphed image taken on July 23, 2021.Namaz is a form of prayer performed by the Muslim community.The Bhagavad Gita and the Satyanarayan Katha are Hindu religious texts. The post's Hindi-language caption translates to English as: ""Watch the disgusting election campaign of the Aam Aadmi Party in Gujarat... The board reads in Gujarati, - 'Gujarat will read Namaz. Quit unnecessary tendencies like Bhagavad Gita Week and Satyanarayan Katha.' ""The post circulated online as the AAP prepared for the 2022 state legislative assembly elections in Gujarat. The build-up to the elections was reported by Indian newspaper The Hindu here.India's ruling party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has maintained a stronghold over the state since 1995.The post was also shared on Facebook by several other accounts, for example here, here, here and here. However, the image of the billboard has been manipulated.The original image was published here and here on the official Twitter accounts of the AAP in Gujarat. Below is a comparison of the manipulated image in the Facebook posts (L) and the image of the billboard posted by the AAP (R):  On the original billboard, the text reads: ""Now Gujarat will change"".In the manipulated image, this was replaced with: ""Gujarat will read Namaz.""Text was added to the manipulated billboard's middle section.In the original image, Gujarat AAP president Gopal Italia appears on the left. He does not have a beard and can be seen wearing a different cap to the man pictured in the doctored image.The AAP debunked the manipulated billboard image in a Facebook post here. Screenshot of the post made by AAP on July 12, 2021. The post's caption reads: ""Another Fake News BustedRise of AAP in Gujarat is giving sleepless nights to BJP.""",,Image of Indian political party's billboard doctored to include pro-Muslim message,,,,,, +51,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL9QQ-1,Boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao took only three months to finish his bachelor’s degree,2021-06-24,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts in the Philippines claim boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao earned his university diploma in only three months, suggesting his degree was fraudulently conferred. The posts are misleading: an official from the University of Makati, where Pacquiao obtained a political science degree, said he finished the diploma in 16 months and that his government experience counted as academic credit. The misleading posts also misrepresent images related to Pacquiao's university attendance.""If only it was like this for everyone,"" reads a Tagalog-language tweet posted on June 24, 2021.The tweet features an illustration which claims Pacquiao enrolled at the University of Makati in September 2019 and then graduated three months later in December 2019.  Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 21, 2021Similar posts were shared on Facebook here, here and here.The posts prompted accusations from social media users that Pacquiao's degree was fraudulently conferred.""Bachelor of Science in most courses is 4 to 5 years schooling. . . . seems Pacquiao earned his degree by magic or in a diploma mill,"" one person commented.The post emerged following a public skirmish between Pacquiao and President Rodrigo Duterte over the latter's handling of the South China Sea dispute with Beijing.Until recently, Pacquiao was a high-profile backer of Duterte and his controversial drug war, which International Criminal Court prosecutors want to investigate for the alleged unlawful killing of possibly tens of thousands of people.However, the posts claiming Pacquiao earned his degree in three months are misleading.University degreeA spokesman for the University of Makati said that Pacquiao took a 16-month degree in political studies.""Per the certificate of registration from our registrar's office, [he enrolled in] July 2018,"" Elyxzur Ramos, vice president for academic affairs at the University of Makati, told AFP.""He took the modular program for 16 months, until November 2019. He graduated from this university in December [2019], which was our mid-year graduation.""The senator enrolled in the university’s College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Studies, where degrees count certain professional experience as academic credit, Ramos said.The political science degree that Pacquiao earned was designed for qualified Philippine government officials and can be completed in between six and 22 months, he added.The degree programme's launch in 2011 was reported by local media here and here; and announced on this local government website.Misrepresented imagesFurthermore, the images shared in the social media posts have been taken out of context.Reverse image searches and keyword searches found the first image was posted on Pacquiao’s official Facebook account on September 6, 2019.However, it does not indicate that the senator had only just enrolled, as the posts claim.""Never stop learning because life never stops teaching,"" the Facebook post reads. The second image, which shows Pacquiao's graduation, was taken from this report by broadcaster ABS-CBN on December 11, 2019.""Senator Manny Pacquiao with his family during his graduation from the course Bachelor of Arts in Political Science at the University of Makati this Wednesday,” the image's Tagalog-language caption reads.",,Social media posts mislead on boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao's university degree,,,,,, +52,1,1,5,False,Joe Biden,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR7KY-1,Vaccinated people won't get Covid-19,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"US President Joe Biden claimed during a CNN town hall that vaccinated people will not get Covid-19. This is false; despite the high efficacy of the shots, infections still occur among the fully vaccinated population, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says.""You're not gonna get Covid if you have these vaccinations,"" Biden said during the July 21, 2021 event, which came as the Covid-19 pandemic is again surging in the United States, propelled by the highly contagious Delta variant. US President Joe Biden (L) participates in a CNN Town Hall meeting hosted by Don Lemon (R) at Mount St. Joseph University in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 2021 ( AFP / Saul Loeb)But Biden's claim is inaccurate: the vaccines are very effective, but cases among vaccinated people are possible.The CDC said that as of July 12, it had received reports of 5,492 patients with Covid-19 ""breakthrough"" infections being hospitalized or dying, out of a total of more than 159 million fully vaccinated people in the United States.""Covid vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection and even more effective in preventing the serious illness that results in hospitalization and death,"" but no vaccine is 100 percent effective, Tom Skinner, senior public affairs officer at the CDC, told AFP on July 23. During a briefing at the White House on July 22, Press Secretary Jen Psaki addressed a reporter's question regarding the president's remarks on vaccination, saying that vaccinated people were ""largely protected.""""That was the point he was trying to make last night,"" she said.During the town hall, Biden urged Americans to get vaccinated. ""It's really kind of basic,"" he said, at a time when the US vaccination rate has significantly slowed.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.July 26, 2021 This story was updated to correct the spelling of exaggerated in the headline.",,Joe Biden exaggerated Covid-19 vaccine efficacy,,,,,, +53,1,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR69F-1,Publix supermarket chain will stop carrying Ben & Jerry's,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook posts feature an image of an announcement from US supermarket chain Publix saying it will no longer carry Ben & Jerry's because of the ice cream company's decision to stop sales in occupied Palestinian territories. This is false; Publix says it has not dropped Ben & Jerry's products, and made no such statement on its website or social media accounts. ""Due to the recent statement by Ben & Jerry's We will no longer be carrying their products, effective immediately! We stand with Israel!"" reads the text of an image in a July 20, 2021 Facebook post that appears to show a Publix announcement. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 23, 2021The post, which was apparently first published on a private account, was shared as a screenshot in several Facebook groups, and by a UK page supporting Israel's Likud party. Others shared the image on Twitter.The purported announcement circulated on social media following Ben & Jerry's July 19 statement saying it would stop selling its products in the Israel-occupied Palestinian territories, namely the West Bank and East Jerusalem, because doing so is ""inconsistent with our values."" The move prompted a backlash in Israel and parts of the US.However, Publix -- which did not respond to AFP's requests for comment by the time of publication -- says it does not plan to remove Ben & Jerry's products.""While we currently don't plan to remove Ben & Jerry's from our stores, we'll continue evaluating products based on sales,""  the company's customer service Twitter account @PublixHelps wrote in response to questions over the authenticity of the claim. Screenshot of a tweet taken on July 23, 2021Publix has also not announced on Twitter or on Facebook that it is ceasing sales of the company's ice cream, and its webpage dedicated to news releases makes no mention of Ben & Jerry's.Various Ben & Jerry's products are also still available on Publix's website.Public pressureThe fake announcement was shared as the company faces public pressure on Publix to ban Ben & Jerry's products from its stores. A petition on change.org asking Publix and Winn Dixie, another supermarket chain, to stop selling the ice cream, was signed by more than 450 people at the time of publication.A search for the words ""Publix Israel"" on social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle also shows that a Facebook account shared a message encouraging people to email Publix CEO Todd Jones about Ben & Jerry's in at least 10 different groups related to Florida, where the supermarket chain is headquartered. Screenshot of a CrowdTangle search for ""Publix Israel"" taken on July 23, 2021On July 20, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett warned consumer goods giant Unilever, of which Ben & Jerry's is a subsidiary, that the decision would have ""severe consequences."" The Israeli government has for years been fighting a BDS movement, which calls for boycott, divestment and sanction of the Jewish state over its policies toward Palestinians.",,Fake announcement says US supermarket chain dropping Ben & Jerry's products,,,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv b/output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b3aa1d --- /dev/null +++ b/output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP3CE-1,Propolis throat spray treats coronavirus in the throat,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"As Thailand's healthcare system struggled to cope with surging Covid-19 cases in July, multiple Facebook posts claimed a brand of throat spray could ""contain the infection"". The posts are misleading: health experts say the throat spray has not been proven to treat or cure Covid-19. The posts also shared false claims about other home remedies that experts say do not treat or cure the virus.The claim was shared here on Facebook on July 20, 2021.The post has been shared more than 15,000 times.The post's Thai-language caption translates in part as: ""The coronavirus stays in the throat for four days, before it enters the lungs. During this time, we will have symptoms such as itchy throat, dry throat, coughing or sore throat, increased temperature, weakened respiratory system, and the loss of taste.""During this time, you should use lime, vinegar, salt, strong alcohol, and mix them with warm water to rinse your throat. Drink warm water or use propolis extract throat spray to help reduce and contain the infection."" ""Propolis"" refers to a substance obtained from beehives that appears to work against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.A throat spray containing the extract is commercially available in Thailand under the name Propoliz -- approved by the kingdom's Food and Drug Administration as a sore throat remedy.The misleading post circulated online as the kingdom endured its worst Covid-19 wave, with hospitals buckling under the pressure of record daily infections, AFP reported. Similar claims were also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here, and here. These posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Throat spray""There is not yet enough scientific evidence to use [propolis throat spray] for Covid-19 symptoms,"" Dr. Thira Woratanarat, an associate professor at the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine at Chulalongkorn University, told AFP on July 27.""The research requires more clinical trials.""While several studies have been conducted on the efficacy of propolis against Covid-19, they were done with small sample sizes, Dr. Thira said.""You have to be careful if they claim it has properties against Covid-19,"" he said.Jessada Denduangboripant, a professor at Chulalongkorn University's Department of Biology, told AFP that the claim propolis throat spray works against Covid-19 is ""an exaggeration"". ""Propolis is a natural substance which existed in beehives. It does not have enough power to treat Covid-19.""Home remediesAFP has previously debunked here, here and here claims that gargling various substances, drinking warm water or consuming alcohol can prevent or cure Covid-19 .The World Health Organization (WHO) states: ""If you have any symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, call your health care provider or COVID-19 hotline for instructions and find out when and where to get a test, stay at home for 14 days away from others and monitor your health.""If you have shortness of breath or pain or pressure in the chest, seek medical attention at a health facility immediately.""No evidenceThe claim that the coronavirus stays in the throat for four days is not supported by ""any evidence"", according to Dr. Thiravat Hemachudha, head of the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Center at Chulalongkorn University.""Each person's response to the infection is different that's why the severity of symptoms between us [is] not the same"", he told AFP.",,Thai social media users share misleading claim about 'Covid-19 throat spray',,,,,, +1,1,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF7PU-1,This photo shows a political rally for Asaduddin Owaisi in India,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared hundreds of times in multiple social media posts that claim it shows a large rally for an Indian Muslim politician during the pandemic. The claim is false: the photo shows an Islamic procession in Bangladesh in 2019.The image was shared in a Hindi-language tweet posted on July 19.The caption translates to English as: ""Huge crowd of a specific community gathered in UP’s Moradabad in Asaduddin Owaisi’s rally and here we are, entangled over BJP, BSP and SP. You people too should stop being in any delusion and think about your future"".""UP"" refers to India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh.Asaduddin Owaisi is leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) party and member of parliament for Hyderabad in India's southern Telangana state. A screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 25, 2021The post emerged online after speculation about the AIMIM teaming up with other parties in a bid to defeat the ruling BJP in Uttar Pradesh's upcoming assembly elections in February 2022. The post also misleadingly suggests India's Muslims are permitted to gather for certain political events, while Hindus have been banned from gathering for religious festivals.The photo was posted with a similar claim here, here, and here on Facebook. However, the claim is false.A reverse image search on Google found the photo was published in this Facebook post on November 26, 2019. It was uploaded by photographer Faisal bin Latif in a post about a religious procession in the Bangladeshi city of Chattogram. A photo of the event shared by Faisal bin Latif on 26 November, 2019He also uploaded an album of photos showing the same event on photo-sharing website Flickr.The album's title reads: ""Jashney Julus, Miladunnabi, November 2019.”AFP found a similar video here on a Bengali-language YouTube channel showing a scene that corresponds with the image in the misleading posts.The video's title states that it shows the Miladun Nabi procession in Chattogram in November 2019.Miladun Nabi is an Islamic festival observed by Muslims as Prophet Mohammed’s birthday according to the Islamic calendar.In 2019, the festival was celebrated on November 10 in Bangladesh. Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube video's one-minute 17-second mark (R): Comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube videoThe same procession was also reported by Bengali news website Banglanews24.com on November 10, 2019.AFP found a similar structure pictured in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R): Similarity between the image in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R) snapshotAFP previously debunked posts sharing the same photo alongside a claim they showed the funeral procession of photojournalist Danish Siddiqui, who was killed while covering fighting between Afghan security forces and the Taliban.",,Bangladesh religious procession image shared in false posts about Indian political rally,,,,,, +2,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F66BR-1,Consuming durian before or after Covid-19 vaccination can cause death,2021-06-22,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook users in Malaysia are sharing posts that warn against eating durian before or after receiving a Covid-19 jab because it can be ""fatal"". Some of the posts share a photo of a man who purportedly died a day after he was vaccinated because he ate the fruit. The claim is false. The Malaysian deputy health minister said the warning has no medical basis, while police told AFP a post-mortem examination found the man died from heart disease. The claim was shared on June 22, 2021, on Facebook here.The Chinese-language post reads: ""Tell family and friends not to eat durian before or after vaccination. The friend of a person in my garden was vaccinated, and died the next day after eating durian. It is necessary to know and better to be cautious. Life is precious, and it's a pity to lose life due to a moment of ignorance."" Screenshot of the misleading Facebook post taken on July 13, 2021The claim was also shared on Facebook in Chinese here and in Malaysian here.Some posts, including here, here and here, share a photo of a man wearing a pink T-shirt, claiming it shows the man who was vaccinated and purportedly died after consuming durian.However, the claims are false.""Medically speaking, no one has said that. Even in the medical books, it has never been raised that people should not eat durian after getting their vaccine. This is wrong,"" said Malaysian Deputy Health Minister Noor Azmi Ghazali, reported by local media here and here.Malaysia’s Ministry of Health (KKM) posted on June 23, 2021, rejecting the claim as ""false news"". Berita palsu. Jangan sebar atau berkongsi. pic.twitter.com/onVjuvhvy2 — KKMalaysia (@KKMPutrajaya) June 23, 2021 The statement was also shared on its official Facebook page here.The man in the photo was identified as Cheah Kum Seng , 49, who lost consciousness while buying food at a restaurant and was later pronounced dead at a hospital in Kuala Lumpur on June 21, 2021, according to local news reports here and here.In a media statement sent to AFP on July 26, 2021, Sentul district police chief, Assistant Commisioner Beh Eng Lai, said: ""A post-mortem examination was conducted on June 22, 2021, and the cause of death was 'ischemic heart disease'. The case is classified as sudden death.""",,Malaysian authorities rubbish posts linking 'Covid-19 vaccine death' to eating durian,,,,,, +3,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FM2DM-1,Make-A-Wish denies certain wishes to unvaccinated children,2021-06-28,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts shared in June 2021 claim a US charity that grants ""wishes"" to critically ill children will no longer reward them if they are unvaccinated against Covid-19. The claim is misleading: the posts shared an edited video from the charity's CEO in which he outlined vaccination requirements for rewards that involve air travel and large gatherings. The charity told AFP that its Covid-19 vaccine policy will not apply to children who have received an end-of-life prognosis.The misleading Facebook post about US charity Make-A-Wish was published here on June 28, 2021.""WE’VE [REACHED] A NEW LOW. I always wondered what level of madness was required before ordinary citizens would engage in ACTS OF PURE EVIL,"" the text below the image reads.""When Make-a-Wish forces terminally ill kids & their families to be injected with an experimental genetic agent otherwise they’ll discriminate against and refuse a dying child their last wish, even though the W.H.O recommends not injecting children - we have reached that point."" The post's caption reads: ""How low can humanity go?! Really low!! I recon (sic) there is lower tho (sic)...prove me wrong humans"". A screenshot of the post as of July 27, 2021.A YouTube video has been shared in the Facebook post.It is titled: ""Make-A-Wish will only grant certain wishes to fully vaccinated wish kids"". However, the video is no longer available on YouTube as the user's account has been terminated.Other instances of the claim appear on Facebook here and here, as well as on Twitter here and Telegram here.However, the claim is misleading.Edited videoA reverse image search of the archived version of the YouTube video in the misleading posts found this original video dated June 10, 2021.It features Make-A-Wish America CEO Richard Davis speaking about updates to the charity's Covid-19 policies.In March 2020, the charity postponed all ""wishes"" that involved major travel due to the pandemic.In the two-minute, 22-second video, Davis says all participants for ""wishes"" involving air travel within the US and large gatherings must be fully vaccinated from September 15, 2021.Davis' announcement can be seen below: “We respect everyone’s freedom of choice,” Davis says in the full video, in which he also acknowledges that some children may be too young or too ill to be vaccinated.“We can’t wait until Sept. 15, when we can expand the types of life-changing wishes we can grant.”Charity statementIn a June 28 statement on its website, the charity said it ""has not, does not and will not deny wishes to children who are not vaccinated.""""Since the beginning of the pandemic, Make-A-Wish has safely granted over 6,500 wishes to children and families – regardless of vaccination status. Make-A-Wish will continue to grant wishes to children who are not vaccinated,"" the statement reads.The vaccine policy does not apply to children who have received an end-of-life prognosis, according to the statement.The charity said it would not require anyone to get vaccinated in order to receive a wish.",,This video has been edited -- US charity says it will continue to grant 'wishes' to unvaccinated children,,,,,, +4,5,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GE6MH-1,"All Covid-19 hospital patients were vaccinated, except for one",2021-07-25,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts shared in July 2021 claim that all Covid-19 patients being treated in hospitals in the Australian state of New South Wales had been vaccinated. The claim is misleading: as of July 26, all of the hospitalised Covid-19 patients were unvaccinated except for one, the state's health authority told AFP.The misleading claim was published in this Instagram post on July 25, 2021.It reads: ""Vaccinated getting Covid??! Out of these Covid cases ALL ARE FULLY VACCINATED (two doses) EXCEPT ONE WHO ONLY HAD ONE DOSE. Why are the vaccinated getting Covid and the unvaccinated are not?! WAKE UP"". A screenshot of the misleading post as of July 26, 2021.The post circulated online following an announcement on July 25 that there were 141 patients being treated for Covid-19 in hospitals in New South Wales, including 43 people in intensive care.The video in the post features a portion of a press conference with Dr Jeremy McAnulty, an official at NSW Health, giving details on new Covid-19 cases.Other instances of the claim appear on Instagram here, here and here. A similar claim appeared here on Facebook. The claim is misleading.A spokesperson for NSW Health told AFP on July 26 that the claims were ""incorrect.""""All [patients in hospital] were unvaccinated save for one,"" the spokesperson said.The misleading claim circulated online after McAnulty misspoke in a press conference broadcast here live by ABC on July 25. At around the six-minute mark, he said: ""141 people are in hospital with Covid at present, and 43 are in intensive care, 18 of whom require ventilation ... all but one person are vaccinated, one person has received one dose of vaccine."" When asked to clarify his remark, McAnulty acknowledged that he had misspoken.At around the 34-minute mark, he clarified: ""Of the 43 patients in intensive care units, 42 have not been vaccinated. One person had a single dose of a Covid-19 vaccine.""",,Posts mislead on proportion of vaccinated Covid-19 victims in Australian state's hospitals,,,,,, +5,1,1,5,False,Hal Turner Radio Show,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ3LG-1,French president's entire security force resigned,2021-07-24,factcheck_afp,,"A French member of parliament and an American radio host claimed that Emmanuel Macron's entire security detail resigned to protest the French president's initiative imposing health passes to participate in many aspects of public life. This is false; the Republican Guard did not resign, and it is tasked with presidential palace security, not his direct physical safety.""Protective Detail of France President ALL Resign over COVID Restrictions; will no longer protect President Macron,"" reads the headline of a July 24, 2021 article on the website of the Hal Turner Radio Show, a conspiracy-oriented program AFP has fact-checked before. Below the headline, a photo shows members of the Garde Républicaine, or Republican Guard, an elite French army corps tasked with special missions. Screenshot of an online article taken on July 26, 2021""The Republican Guard, a security detail established to protect the President of France, have ALL resigned, and will no longer protect President Macron!"" the article says of the 2,800-strong force.The Covid-19 restrictions mentioned in the headline refer to a decree by Macron that required proof of Covid-19 vaccination or a negative test to be able to attend events or enter places with more than 50 people. The ""health pass"" will be extended to restaurants, cafes and shopping centers in August. This was formalized into law by the country's parliament on July 25, 2021, despite widespread protests against it.However, the Republican Guard did not resign in relation to this law, and is not tasked with the French president's immediate physical safety.The unit responsible for direct personal protection of the French head of state is the Groupe de sécurité de la présidence de la République, whose members hail from both the police and the Gendarmerie.The Republican Guard is a French army unit tasked with ""public safety missions and protocol representation,"" according to its official webpage. Its members are not in charge of the direct safety of the French president like the US Secret Service, but they indirectly play this role by ensuring the security of the Elysee Palace, where the president lives. A spokesperson for the Gendarmerie told AFP on July 26, 2021 that the Republican Guard ""is still"" performing its palace duties. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French army tasked with law enforcement roles, to which the Republican Guard answers. On social media, neither the Garde Républicaine nor the Gendarmerie, nor any French media, mentioned a mass resignation of the force's members.The false claims regarding the Republican Guard began when Martine Wonner, an independent member of parliament in France, claimed in a video that the force no longer wished to protect Macron.Wonner is a Covid-skeptic who was part of the government's party before she was ousted due to her controversial stances.She also faced calls from her opposition party to quit that group after she urged people to lay siege to MPs who approved the health pass.Before the vaccine passport law can be applied, it must be approved by France's highest administrative authority, the Constitutional Council, which will vote on it on August 5.",,French president's security detail did not resign over Covid-19 bill,,,,,, +6,1,1,5,False,Multiple authors,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR6XQ-1,Aborted foetus cells in Covid-19 mRNA vaccines,2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"A video shared hundreds of times on Facebook in South Africa and Zambia claims that mRNA Covid-19 vaccines contain cells taken from aborted human foetuses. The claim is false: the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa told AFP Fact Check that Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted foetuses or other human tissue.The three-minute clip has been shared more than 330 times since it was posted on Facebook on July 17, 2021.Besides including the claim that mRNA Covid-19 vaccines contain aborted human foetal matter, the video makes two other unsubstantiated claims: that the vaccines can alter a person’s DNA and that they can render people sterile. Screenshot of the false post, taken on July 20, 2021The clip, which was extracted from a longer video originally posted here on YouTube on February 5, 2021, features preacher Joshua Maponga interviewing guest Mike Southwood in a show dubbed “why Africans should not take vaccine (sic)”.The Zimbabwe-born Maponga lives in South Africa and is an author of several books and has a large following on social media. He also runs Galaxy Universal Network, a media production company in South Africa.Southwood — who makes the false and unsubstantiated claims during his interview — is the founder of the Unity Group in South Africa, which styles itself as a governance reform movement. According to media, Southwood is also the administrator of the #EndTheLockdownMzanzi group, which has been urging South Africans to defy Covid-19 lockdown laws. A shorter version of the clip was published here on Facebook in South Africa on July 15, 2021, and shared more than 600 times.How mRNA vaccines workPfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines are made from messenger RNA. The two vaccines work by giving a “blueprint” of a part of the virus that the body can then recognise and fight when confronted by it later.The vaccines use tiny fat bubbles called lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate fragile mRNA molecules and the information they contain to protect them until they can be safely delivered into cells without being degraded by the body’s enzymes. However, the claim made in the clip that the vaccines include aborted foetus cells is false. No material from aborted foetusesProfessor Penny Moore, from South Africa’s National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), told AFP Fact Check that Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted foetuses or any other human material.“They are produced through high-tech molecular biology approaches and in cultures in rigorously controlled laboratories,” said Moore.The World Health Organization (WHO) told AFP Fact Check that “the new mRNA vaccines, such as those developed by Pfizer and Moderna, are synthetic vaccines and do not use foetal cell lines in their production.”What are cell lines?According to the WHO, vaccines are made by growing cultures of the target virus or bacterium: “Viruses need to grow in cells and so vaccine viruses are often grown in eggs (such as the influenza vaccine) or in cell lines derived from mammals, including humans.”The cell lines that are used to grow the viruses originate from a primary culture of cells from an organ of a single animal that has been propagated repeatedly in a laboratory, often over many decades.AFP Fact Check has previously debunked social media posts claiming that Covid-19 vaccines contain MRC-5, which the posts claim are “aborted foetal cells and other DNA”.The best known human cell line is MRC-5, or Medical Research Council cell strain 5, which are cells used to grow viruses for vaccines against rubella, chickenpox and hepatitis A in laboratories. MRC-5 was originally derived from the lung tissue of an aborted foetus in the 1960s but has since been grown without recourse to foetal tissue.The History of Vaccines, an educational tool developed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, states that “in total, only two foetuses, both obtained from abortions done by maternal choice, have given rise to the human cell strains used in vaccine development”.The Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine — which is not an mRNA but a viral vector vaccine — used a human cell line developed from the retinal cells of a foetus aborted in 1985 in its early production stage. But, the WHO said, “no foetal material is present” in the final J&J Covid-19 vaccine product or any other vaccine that uses human cell lines in early production stages.A spokesperson for the Oxford Vaccine Group, an organisation that was involved in producing the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine, told AFP Fact Check that during its development, they used HEK-293 cells.The HEK-293 cell line was originally cultivated from a foetus aborted in the Netherlands in the early 1970s. The NICD’s Moore added that human cell lines were used only in the early stages of the production of some vaccines. “For all vaccines that use cell lines during early production stages, all cells are removed during the purification process and the final vaccine product does not contain this material.”The WHO told AFP Fact Check that it is not aware of any vaccines currently being developed for Covid-19 that contain cell lines obtained from foetal tissue. mRNA Covid-19 vaccines do not alter people’s DNA The unsubstantiated claim that mRNA vaccines can modify human DNA has been widely rejected by scientists. AFP Fact Check has previously debunked the claim here and here.Matthew Miller, an associate professor with the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science at McMaster University in Canada, was quoted in a previous AFP Fact Check from March 2021 as saying that “mRNA is the code for proteins. It does not alter the DNA of your cells. Indeed, your cells naturally make mRNA from DNA.”Barry Pakes, an assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, told AFP Fact Check in April 2021 that “the mRNA cannot be integrated into the human genome. We (humans) lack the enzymes to reverse transcribe mRNA to DNA”.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also refutes the claim that Covid-19 vaccines can alter people’s DNA.“Covid-19 vaccines do not change or interact with your DNA in any way. Both mRNA and viral vector CovidD-19 vaccines deliver instructions (genetic material) to our cells to start building protection against the virus that causes Covid-19. However, the material never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where our DNA is kept,” the organisation states on its website.Vaccines do not cause infertilityIn the video, Southwood claims that Covid-19 vaccines can cause infertility. “We believe that there are a lot of things in this vaccine that will render people sterile…”The CDC states on its website that “there is currently no evidence that any vaccines, including Covid-19 vaccines, cause fertility problems (problems trying to get pregnant)”.Kate White, an obstetrics and gynaecology professor at Boston School of Medicine, told AFP Fact Check in March 2021 that “there’s no vaccine in the world that can cause infertility”.Dasantila Golemi-Kotra, a microbiologist at York University, told AFP that “vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are unlikely to cross-react with the syncytin-1 or -2 in the body and lead to infertility”.Golemi-Kotra explained that the misinformation could be stemming from the fact that the anti-spike protein antibodies and the syncytin-1 protein of the placenta share a “very short amino acid region”.But this doesn’t mean that the immune system would attack the syncytin protein. The immune system can “recognise a surface in their target protein, which rarely is confined to a single short amino acid sequence,” she said.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous claims about Covid-19 vaccines, available here.",,mRNA Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted human foetuses,,,,,, +7,1,1,5,False,Jane Ruby and Stew Peters,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FM82U-1,Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine contains dangerous graphene oxide,2021-07-07,factcheck_afp,,"A video featuring a US pundit who claims the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine is dangerous because it contains the nanoparticle graphene oxide has been watched more than a million times on social media. But the claims are based on a study whose methodology experts have questioned, Pfizer said the substance is not used in the manufacturing of its shot, and researchers told AFP there is no evidence graphene oxide is used in any vaccines currently on the market.""BREAKING DISCOVERY! The ACTUAL CONTENTS Inside Pfizer Vials EXPOSED!"" says text promoting a segment from the ""Stew Peters Show"" on Canadian video sharing platform Rumble.Peters discusses the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine with Jane Ruby -- a self-described ""health economist and New Right political pundit"" whom AFP has fact-checked before. Screenshot taken on July 22, 2021 of a video from the Stew Peters Show shared on RumbleRuby claims that she read an English translation of the Spanish research that shows the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine is dangerous because it contains graphene oxide.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene, which has been reported to have antibacterial and antiviral properties. Graphene is super strong, ultra thin and has potential applications in a range of industries.""It's virtually 99.99 percent graphene oxide,"" Ruby says of the shot, while also claiming the substance is a ""poison"" and that it ""destroys literally everything in the cell.""Clips from the segment can also be found on Facebook, Instagram, and the video-sharing platform BitChute.It is part of a torrent of inaccurate claims about vaccines that have proliferated across the internet as countries around the world seek to immunize their populations against Covid-19.The same claim was amplified by GlobalResearch.ca, a Canadian website that the US State Department has described as ""deeply enmeshed in Russia's broader disinformation and propaganda ecosystem."" But the ingredients of all the Covid-19 vaccines authorized for use in the US and Canada (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca) are publicly listed and do not include graphene oxide.Pfizer spokeswomanDervila Keane confirmed to AFP on July 8, 2021 that ""graphene oxide is not used in the manufacture of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine.""Spanish studyIn the video, Ruby is referencing a Spanish study published by Dr Pablo Campra at the end of June. The study was not published in a scientific journal, and has not been subjected to peer review.In it, Campra says that Ricardo Delgado requested the study. Delgado is the founder of La Quinta Columna (Fifth Column), a group that has spread misleading information about masks and PCR tests. Their claims about graphene in Covid-19 shots -- including that it generates electromagnetic properties in humans -- were debunked by AFP Factual in early June.To conduct the study, Campra examined a single sample of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). He then compared the images with those in other scientific literature.He said he found ""solid evidence of the probable presence of graphene derivatives"". Ester Vazquez, an expert in graphene health and safety who works with the European Commission's Graphene Flagship research group, told AFP on July 13 that she had read the study and found it ""rather inconclusive.""She said that microscopy is not an adequate method to study the presence of graphene or graphene oxide.""The tests carried out are insufficient to characterize graphene. It only shows some microscopy images that resemble pictures of graphene and graphene oxide in the literature. However, this is far from scientific proof -- graphene identification would require further analysis using other techniques,"" Vazquez said.Contacted by AFP about the study, Campra said on July 14: ""Our finding is that 99 percent of UV absorbance does not come from RNA, and its signal is compatible with graphene. But, many other substances show the same signal. We found microscopic evidence of graphene sheets, but further spectroscopic evidence is needed to confirm this structure.""Campra, who teaches at the University of Almeria, said that the results and conclusions of his report ""do not imply any institutional position"" of the school.The university issued a statement on July 2 on Twitter distancing itself from the study -- which it called ""unofficial"" -- saying it used methodology that lacked transparency.The methodology of the study was also questioned in a fact check by Health Feedback, a network of scientists, which concluded that Campra did not adhere to ""traceability"" protocols. This leaves the origin of his sample unclear, and makes it impossible to know if it was contaminated during the investigation process.Graphene in vaccinesProfessor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP for another fact-check on July 19 that ""graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials.""Graphene oxide is being studied in vaccines as a possible adjuvant, or ingredient to help the shot trigger stronger immune response. It was recently used as an adjuvant in the investigation of an intranasal vaccine against influenza, developed by the Institute for Biomedical Sciences at Georgia State University, in the United States. This vaccine has only been tested in mice and cell culture.Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, also confirmed on July 20 that ""no vaccines on the market (are) based on graphene oxide.""Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said.AFP Fact Check has debunked a series of inaccurate claims about vaccines, available in English here.",,Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine does not contain dangerous ingredient,,,,,, +8,1,1,5,False,Joe Biden,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR7KY-1,Vaccinated people won't get Covid-19,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"US President Joe Biden claimed during a CNN town hall that vaccinated people will not get Covid-19. This is false; despite the high efficacy of the shots, infections still occur among the fully vaccinated population, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says.""You're not gonna get Covid if you have these vaccinations,"" Biden said during the July 21, 2021 event, which came as the Covid-19 pandemic is again surging in the United States, propelled by the highly contagious Delta variant. US President Joe Biden (L) participates in a CNN Town Hall meeting hosted by Don Lemon (R) at Mount St. Joseph University in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 2021 ( AFP / Saul Loeb)But Biden's claim is inaccurate: the vaccines are very effective, but cases among vaccinated people are possible.The CDC said that as of July 12, it had received reports of 5,492 patients with Covid-19 ""breakthrough"" infections being hospitalized or dying, out of a total of more than 159 million fully vaccinated people in the United States.""Covid vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection and even more effective in preventing the serious illness that results in hospitalization and death,"" but no vaccine is 100 percent effective, Tom Skinner, senior public affairs officer at the CDC, told AFP on July 23. During a briefing at the White House on July 22, Press Secretary Jen Psaki addressed a reporter's question regarding the president's remarks on vaccination, saying that vaccinated people were ""largely protected.""""That was the point he was trying to make last night,"" she said.During the town hall, Biden urged Americans to get vaccinated. ""It's really kind of basic,"" he said, at a time when the US vaccination rate has significantly slowed.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.July 26, 2021 This story was updated to correct the spelling of exaggerated in the headline.",,Joe Biden exaggerated Covid-19 vaccine efficacy,,,,,, +9,5,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL9LJ-3,Aerial footage of an anti-lockdown protest in Greece in 2021,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"As thousands took to the streets in Greece to protest new coronavirus measures, social media posts shared what they claimed to be footage of the demonstration. However, the claim is false; the video shows a protest in Athens in January 2019 against a controversial agreement to rename Macedonia.""Greece Anti Youth [vaccination] Rally. An aerial view, I'd say from these images, the People have had a gutful,"" reads a Facebook post published on July 16, 2021.The video shared alongside the post shows a large demonstration, with many people displaying Greek flags. A screenshot of the misleading Facebook post as of July 22, 2021.The same video was widely shared on social media alongside similar claims, including here and here on Facebook, as well as on Instagram and Twitter.Thousands of people gathered on July 14 in central Athens to protest against new virus measures, after Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced mandatory Covid-19 vaccination for all health workers and people entering closed venues such as bars, cinemas and theatres. However, the claim is false. The video in fact shows a different protest in the Greek capital in January 2019, many months before the first Covid-19 cases were reported.A Google reverse image search of keyframes from the video led to this YouTube video from January 21, 2019 about Greeks protesting an agreement to rename Macedonia, now known as North Macedonia.The title of the video reads in Greek: ""Video III - Demonstration for Macedonia. Syntagma Square, 20/01/2019"". Thousands demonstrated in Athen's central Syntagma Square in Athens on January 20, 2019 against Greece's deal with Macedonia that saw it renamed to the Republic of North Macedonia.Macedonia is a former Yugoslav republic, but for most Greeks, Macedonia is the name of their history-rich northern province made famous by Alexander the Great's conquests.Below is a comparison between the video in the misleading post (L) and the YouTube video at 0:19 (R): Similar aerial footage has also been published here in a report about the same demonstration by Greek newspaper Proto Thema on January 20, 2019.The Greek article's headline reads: ""The big rally for Macedonia in 20 photos"".The article translates to English in part: ""A gathering of different ages took place in Syntagma [the square in front of the Greek parliament] in the big march for Macedonia. From all over Greece, citizens were present responding to the invitation of macedonian unions and associations against the Prespa agreement.""Below is a screenshot comparison between the video in the misleading post (L) and a photo published in the Proto Thema report(R):",,This video shows protesters rallying against a deal to rename Macedonia in 2019,,,,,, +10,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL92E-4,Video shows Covid-19 victims' bodies wrapped in plastic bags in Indonesia,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"A video has been viewed tens of thousands of times in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows Covid-19 victims wrapped in plastic bags in Indonesia. The claim is false: the clip actually shows an anti-government protest in Colombia in May 2021. ""In Indonesia, Covid-19 victims were wrapped in a plastic bag. Some people were not even dead. What a sad image! Wish Thailand never has to experience this. Protect yourselves and do not go out,"" reads the Thai-language caption of this video posted on Facebook on July 21, 2021.The video has been viewed more than 4,100 times. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 22, 2021The post circulated online in Thailand after the kingdom's Covid-19 infection and death rates increased, as AFP has reported here. The country has recorded 426, 475 Covid-19 infections and 3,502 deaths as of July 21.The same video was shared here, here, and here on Facebook alongside a similar claim.The claim is false: the video actually shows an anti-government protest in Colombia in 2021.A reverse Google image search with video keyframes extracted with InVID-WeVerify, a digital verification tool, found this longer version footage uploaded on YouTube on May 27, 2021.The video's Spanish-language caption translates to English as: ""Performance [packed] in Medellin during a national strike on May 26, 2021. Medellin is Colombia's second-largest city. At the video's nine-minute 13-second mark, a woman can be heard saying: ""Today is Wednesday, May 26 we are in Poblado Park in Medellin.""This is a performance called ""Empaquetados"" [Packed] in homage to the people who have been found dead or to the people who have not appeared. It is a cry for help to know what is happening with the people who until today nobody knows where they are, people who were captured by the police or by civilians accompanied by the police"". Below is a screenshot comparison of the video in the misleading post (L) and the YouTube video (R): Screenshot comparison of the video in the misleading post (L) and video uploaded on YouTube (R)Colombia has been rocked by protests which broke out late April in opposition to a proposed tax hike under the right-wing administration of President Ivan Duque, AFP reported. The international community has condemned a security response that left more than 60 people dead. A subsequent keyword search found photos of the same event published here on May 28, 2021, by Le Cuento, Colombia-based digital media. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Le cuento (@lecuento_) The photos were credited to Jhonatan Rodriguez, a Colombian photographer. He told AFP he took the photos at an anti-government protest in Medellin on May 26.He said: ""It is an artistic performance that took place on May 26 of this year in Medellin, Colombia. The act of the performance was carried out as a way to protest against the government of Colombia .""Google Street View imagery of Poblado Park also corresponds to the footage shared in the misleading posts. Screenshot of the Google Street View image of Poblado ParkThe event was also reported here on page six of the Colombian newspaper, ADN Medellin, on May 27, 2021.",,This video shows an anti-government protest in Colombia -- not virus victims in Indonesia,,,,,, +11,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH42Z-1,No Covid-19 patients die outside of hospitals,2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts circulating in Indonesia claim that nobody has died from Covid-19 outside of the Southeast Asian nation's hospitals. The posts misleadingly question whether the disease is deadly whilst implying Indonesian hospitals are responsible for its virus deaths. The claims are false: thousands of Covid-19 victims in Indonesia have died outside hospitals, according to data recorded by a volunteer group. AFP and other media have reported people died of Covid-19 while self-isolating at home and elsewhere after hospitals became overwhelmed with patients.The claim was shared in this July 15, 2021, Facebook post.It has received more than 120 likes. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 21, 2021The post's Indonesian-language caption translates to English as: ""THEY SAY IT'S FEROCIOUS AND DEADLY. If Covid-19 is dangerous, why don't people die on the streets, at home, the farms, plantations, markets and shopping malls? They always die of Covid-19 at hospitals. WHAT IS HAPPENING WITH HOSPITALS?????""A similar claim was also posted here, here, here and here. The claim is false.As of July 23, 2021, Indonesian volunteer group Lapor Covid-19 has recorded at least 2,491 people who died of Covid-19 while they were self-isolating at home or in places other than hospitals. AFP has reported that Covid-19 patients have died at home after an explosion of Covid-19 cases overwhelmed hospitals in the Southeast Asian archipelago.AFP photos published here and here show health workers removing the body of a Covid-19 patient who died while isolating at home in Bandung, West Java province. Health workers removed the body of a Covid-19 victim who died while isolating at home in Bandung, West Java province, on July 18, 2021, as skyrocketing Covid-19 cases are overwhelming hospitals in the country. ( AFP / Timur Matahari)Indonesian media sites have also reported Covid-19 patients who died on the street; in a market; in a car park; in a streetside stall and on a pedicab.Indonesia has recorded more than three million Covid-19 cases and more than 79,000 deaths, according to the Indonesian Health Ministry's data on July 22, 2021.",,False claim circulates in Indonesia that 'no Covid-19 victims died outside hospitals',,,,,, +12,1,1,5,False,TLC4SuperTeams,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL2T7-5,Vaccinated people are at greatest risk from coronavirus Delta variant,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook video cites Harvard research to claim that people vaccinated against Covid-19 are at greatest risk from the coronavirus Delta variant that causes the disease. However, a Harvard professor confirmed that the video misrepresents his analysis, and health authorities and studies suggest the best protection from the virus is through vaccination.""Delta Variant Targets Vaxxers,"" says text accompanying a July 18, 2021 Facebook video featuring Jen DePice, a chiropractor and exercise physiologist who goes by ""Dr Jen"" on social media. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken July 21, 2021The highly infectious Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to a rapid rise in Covid-19 cases in the United States.Delta is one of four notable variants circulating in the United States, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says on its website.In her video, DePice discusses the Delta variant, citing research ""from Harvard"" as evidence to support her claims, and the post links to a Q&A with William Hanage, associate professor of epidemiology and a faculty member in the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.However, Hanage says that his remarks do not support DePice's claims in the video.""Not only are all the claims false, but I did not make them,"" he told AFP on July 20.DePice says ""that the people at greatest risk for the Delta variant are the people that are vaccinated, not the people that are unvaccinated that have already had natural exposure,"" attributing this theory to the Harvard analysis, despite the fact that Hanage makes no mention in the Q&A of people who may have a natural immunity to the Covid-19 virus.Hanage told AFP on July 22, 2021 that ""there is pretty good evidence that the quality of immunity following infection is more variable than following immunization with vaccines available in the US.""""So some people who have prior immunity through infection may be well protected, but others won't be,"" he said. He added that immunity can wane over time, and pointed to research that found: ""If you have recovered from infection and get an mRNA vaccine regardless,... you can expect really quite amazing protection against variants.""The CDC recommends getting the Covid-19 vaccine ""regardless of whether you already had Covid-19.""It says: ""Studies have shown that vaccination provides a strong boost in protection in people who have recovered from Covid-19.""Hanage addressed another of DePice's claims in which she states: ""We are not seeing increasing numbers of people hospitalized or deaths around the world even with an increase of Delta variants."" ""This is not true. Hospitalizations and deaths are increasing wherever Delta has emerged,"" Hanage said. Vaccination is key to preventing severe illness and hospitalization.US surgeon general, Dr Vivek Murthy, told CNN's ""State of the Union"" on July 18: ""We are seeing increasing cases among the unvaccinated in particular. And while if you are vaccinated you are very well protected against hospitalization and death, unfortunately that is not true if you are not vaccinated.""Additional studies suggest that those who are fully vaccinated against Covid-19 retain protection against the Delta variant.This is indicated in a peer-reviewed article in the scientific journal Nature. A similar conclusion was reached by medical researchers, whose letter on the topic was published in The New England Journal of Medicine.Top US infectious disease specialist Dr Anthony Fauci said at a July 16 briefing that vaccines work against Delta.""The message loud and clear that we need to reiterate is that these vaccines continue to (offer) strong protection against SARS-CoV-2, including the Delta variant,"" meaning ""it's so important for yourself, your family, and your community to get vaccinated,"" said Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.",,Vaccinated people do not face greatest risk from coronavirus Delta variant,,,,,, +13,2,1,5,Misleading,Multiple source,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH3YV-2,Turkey never closes mosques during the Covid-19 pandemic,2021-07-14,factcheck_afp,,"An image of Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been shared in multiple posts on Facebook alongside a claim that he announced no mosque in Turkey would be closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The claim circulated online in Indonesia after the country imposed social restrictions in early July 2021. The claim is misleading: Turkey previously ordered all mosques to close in March 2020 in a bid to reduce the spread of Covid-19. As of July 22, 2021, AFP found no evidence that Erdogan announced he would not close Turkey's mosques in 2020 or 2021.One post was shared here on Facebook on July 14, 2021. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 21, 2021The post's Indonesian-language caption translates to English as: ""I hope the Indonesian leader has thoughts like this Turkish leader.""The text superimposed on the picture reads in part: ""'No mosques will be closed in Turkey from the threat of the coronavirus. Closing mosques is more dangerous than the coronavirus.""'Whoever leaves the mosque today, tomorrow he will lose faith because of the False Messiah. Trust in Allah and only Allah will give help'. Recep Tayyip Erdogan (President of Turkey)"".Indonesia imposed tougher social restrictions on July 3, 2021, after Covid-19 cases grew significantly in the country. Shopping malls and places of worship were shuttered in the hand hard-hit islands of Java and Bali, AFP reported here. On July 9, 2021, however, the restrictions were revised to allow places of worship to open but without communal prayers. A similar claim, along with the photo, has been shared more than 80 times on Facebook here, here, here and here. The claim, however, is misleading. Mosque closuresTurkey's Presidency of Religious Affairs announced on its website here on March 19, 2020, that mosques would be closed.The closures were implemented for Friday, March 20, as well as Saturday, March 21 — when Muslims celebrate the Night of Prophet Mohammed's Ascension.Turkey's English newspaper Hurriyet Daily News also published this report about the mosques closure on March 19, 2020.The headline reads: ""Turkey shutters mosques for Friday prayers and holy night"". Turkey also banned communal prayers in mosques during the pandemic from March 2020 until May 2020. As of July 22, 2021, AFP found no credible report about Erdogan insisting that mosques should remain open throughout the pandemic.Erdogan speechA reverse image search on Yandex followed by subsequent keyword searches found the picture shared in the misleading posts was originally published here on the Associated Press (AP) website on December 3, 2019.It shows Erdogan delivering a speech before travelling to a NATO leaders summit in December 2019.The caption reads: ""Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks before departing to attend a NATO leader's summit in London, in Ankara, Turkey, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2019. Erdogan says there is no change in Turkey's position that is holding up a NATO defense proposal for Poland and Baltic nations until the alliance supports Ankara's concerns related to Syrian Kurdish fighters.""Below is a screenshot comparison of the image in the misleading post (L) and the AP photo (R): Screenshot comparison between the picture in the misleading post (L) and the AP photo (R)",,Indonesian Facebook users share misleading claim about Turkey's mosque closures during pandemic,,,,,, +14,3,1,5,Misleading,multiple sources,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FE6UH-1,Vaccines on the market contain carcinogenic graphene oxide,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts have repeatedly shared a claim that all commercially available vaccines purportedly contain a cancer-causing substance called graphene oxide. But these posts are misleading: experts separately told AFP that graphene oxide is not used in commercially available vaccines. The most commonly used vaccines go through rigorous testing and have been safely used for decades, according to the World Health Organization.""After investigating the contents of vaccines, 99% was found to be graphene oxide. Like asbestos this causes cancer,"" reads this Korean-language Facebook post on July 12, 2021.""Graphene oxide was found in all vaccines commercially available,"" the post adds. Screenshot of the misleading post. Captured July 20, 2021.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene which is reportedly the world's thinnest material first isolated in 2004.A similar claim was also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here and here.But these posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Graphene oxide ""No vaccines on the market [is] based on graphene oxide,"" Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, told AFP on July 20, 2021.Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said. The claim that all commercially available vaccines were 99% made up of graphene oxide was ""ungrounded in fact,"" Professor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP on July 19, 2021.""Graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials,"" Hong said.Hong added that the claim that graphene oxide is purportedly like asbestos and causes cancer is misleading.""Graphene has a planar structure, and is very different from asbestos, which has a needle structure,"" he explained.""In the case of graphene oxide... there is some toxicity but relatively little, so the material is being widely researched for use in drug delivery systems and in vivo diagnostic sensors.""Published lists of ingredients in widely used Covid-19 vaccines -- Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen -- do not include graphene oxide. Vaccine safetyVaccines are available for some two dozen diseases including Covid-19, according to this list from the World Health Organization (WHO).""The most commonly used vaccines have been around for decades, with millions of people receiving them safely every year,"" the WHO states here.""Following the introduction of a vaccine, close monitoring continues to detect any unexpected adverse side effects.""",,"Available vaccines do not contain graphene oxide, experts say",,,,,, +15,1,1,5,False,የኢትዮጵያ ብልፅግና ፓርቲ,2021-07-20,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/no-evidence-putin-congratulated-ethiopian-pm-second-filling-controversial-mega-dam,Putin congratulates Ethiopian PM over GERD filling,2021-07-06,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook post shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims that Russian President Vladimir Putin recently congratulated Ethiopia’s prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, on the second filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia's construction of the mega-dam has been a source of diplomatic tension with its downstream neighbours. However, this is false; the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa told AFP Fact Check that Putin never made any such comments. Furthermore, there is no official evidence of the Russian head of state issuing a statement regarding the GERD filling. The post, archived here, has been shared more than 350 times since it was published on Facebook on July 6, 2021. It was shared from an account called “Ethiopian Prosperity Party”, the political party led by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. However, the page is not an official account and was created by a party supporter.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 16, 2021The post features an image of Putin and Abiy shaking hands. “Congratulations Ethiopians! The second phase of the Abay dam filling is legitimate and demonstrates the right to use its own natural resources (sic),” reads a quote attributed to the Russian leader translated to English. “A country that has many thousand years of history, an example of freedom that doesn’t bend to oppression, the mother of many proud heroes, congratulations Ethiopia,” it concludes.The post surfaced after the onset of this year’s rainy season, which helped speed up the process of filling the mega-dam. An official told AFP  on July 19, 2021, that Ethiopia had attained its second-year target for filling the mega-dam on the Blue Nile River. Ethiopia hit its first target of 4.9 billion cubic metres in July 2020.Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been locked in a tug of war over the use of the Nile ever since Ethiopia started building and filling the GERD using water from the river. Both the governments of Egypt and Sudan have expressed concern that diverting Nile water into the GERD will restrict water supplies in the two countries, affecting millions of people’s livelihoods.Russian embassy denies remarksHowever, the remarks attributed to Putin are fabricated.Valentina Kim, a spokeswoman for the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa, said the leader had not congratulated Abiy. When asked about the false claims, Kim said: “We have not seen them”.“We cannot comment on an event [whose] existence is not proved,” she added. According to the Kremlin’s website, the most recent conversation between both leaders was a phone conversation on April 7, 2020.AFP Fact Check previously debunked a claim that Putin was backing Ethiopia in the dispute over the GERD. Similarly, AFP Fact Check debunked remarks falsely attributed to Putin where he allegedly ridiculed Ethiopia’s prime minister about cloud seeding technology.",,No evidence that Putin congratulated Ethiopian PM on the second filling of controversial mega-dam,,,,,, +16,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-19,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F63C6-1,Photos show water shortage and COVID-19 crisis in Kejriwal ruled Delhi,2021-07-13,factcheck_afp,,"Politicians from India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have shared photos they claim show various crises under the rule of Delhi's chief minister and opposition politician Arvind Kejriwal. The claim is misleading: most of the images were taken before Arvind was elected as Delhi's chief minister, or do not show events in Delhi.""Kejriwal's development model!"" reads a tweet from July 13 by Adesh Gupta, a BJP politician and head of the party's Delhi unit.He has more than 100,000 Twitter followers.The illustration shows Kejriwal, the leader of India's Aam Aadmi Party, alongside photos purportedly depicting water, oxygen, ventilator, and pollution problems in Delhi. Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 16, 2021. ( AFP)Kejriwal was elected Delhi's chief minister in February 2015. Fellow BJP politicians Dheeraj Pradhan and Rachna Garg also shared the photo in posts here, here and here.However, the posts are misleading. Water crisisThe first photo of a crowd of people scrambling for water was taken before Kejriwal took office.A reverse image search on TinEye shows the picture was taken in 2009 in New Delhi.It was captured by photographer Adnan Abidi for Reuters news agency. It can be found on the agency's website here. The photo's caption reads, ""Residents of Sanjay Colony, a residential neighbourhood, crowd around a water tanker provided by the state-run Delhi Jal (water) Board to fill their containers in New Delhi June 30, 2009. Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit has given directives to tackle the burgeoning water crisis caused by uneven distribution of water in the city according to local media. The board is responsible for supplying water in the capital.""Below is a comparison of the photo used in the misleading post (L) and the photo on Reuters' website (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)Kejriwal's Aam Admi Party was formed in October 2012, years after the photo was taken. This photo has previously been shared in a misleading context. AFP debunked posts claiming the photo shows Delhi's water crisis in July 2021.Oxygen crisisThe second photo of oxygen tanks was taken in the city of Prayagraj in India's northern state of Uttar Pradesh.A reverse image search on TinEye found the photo was taken by Indian news agency Press Trust of India (PTI).It can be found here on the agency's website. The photo was also used in this article by The Indian Express about the shortage of oxygen in India during the second Covid-19 wave in spring 2021.The photo's caption reads: ""Several states are facing acute oxygen shortage owing to the rising Covid-19 cases. In pic, workers unload oxygen cylinders from a truck at a hospital in Prayagraj. (PTI Photo).""Below is a comparison between the photo used in the misleading post (L) and the photo used in The Indian Express article (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)Ventilator crisisThe third photo, which shows a hospital, was taken in Iran, not India.A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the photo was taken in Tehran, Iran.It was captured by photographer Ali Shirband on March 1, 2020 for news agency Associated Press.It can be found on AP's website here. The photo's caption reads: ""In this Sunday, March 1, 2020 photo, a medic treats a patient infected with coronavirus, at a hospital in Tehran, Iran. A member of a council that advises Iran's supreme leader died Monday after falling sick from the new coronavirus, becoming the first top official to succumb to the illness striking both citizens and leaders of the Islamic Republic.""Below is a comparison between the photo shared in the misleading post (L) and the photo on AP's website (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)The photo was also used in a news article about Iran's Covid-19 crisis here. Pollution problemThe final photo showing pollution was genuinely taken in Delhi when Kejriwal was in power.A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the photo was taken in October, 2018 by AFP photographer Dominique Faget.It can be found on AFP's website here. The photo caption reads: ""Indian pedestrians walk near the India Gate monument amid heavy smog conditions in New Delhi on October 30, 2018. Smog levels spike during winter in Delhi, when air quality often eclipses the World Health Organization's safe levels. Cooler air traps pollutants -- such as from vehicles, building sites and farmers burning crops in regions outside the Indian capital.""The photo was also used in this news report by AFP about Delhi's air pollution.",,BJP politicians share misleading posts critical of Delhi chief minister,,,,,, +17,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-19,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F92G2-1,This photo shows a Chinese vessel dumping sewage and human waste in the West Philippine Sea,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared in multiple Twitter and Facebook posts that claim it shows a Chinese shipping vessel dumping human waste in Philippine waters. The claim is false: the photo has in fact circulated in reports about dredging off the coast of Australia.""Chinese vessels dumping human waste part of west philippine sea,"" reads the caption to this photo shared on Twitter on July 12, 2021. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 17, 2021""West Philippine Sea"" is the term used in the Philippines for the maritime area in the western part of the Philippine archipelago.The misleading post circulated online after Philippine news organisation GMA News erroneously published a report showing the same photo and claim.The organisation has since apologised for the oversight. In a tweet on July 12, it said: ""We took down the original tweet containing an inaccurate image. We want to thank our followers for tweeting us this feedback. We apologize for the oversight.""The same photo was also shared hundreds of times alongside a similar claim here, here and here on Facebook.The claim is false.A combination of reverse image and keyword searches on Google found the photo was originally published in this press release on October 3, 2014.It was circulated by the Cairns and Far North Environment Centre (CAFNEC), an environmental group based in Australia.In the press release, it states that the photo shows: ""Maintenance dredging in Cairns show the impact of dredging and dumping in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area"".The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system.It is located in northeastern Australia, more than 4,800 kilometers away from the West Philippine Sea as shown here on Google Maps.  Screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and the CAFNEC photo (R)According to the photo’s caption, it was taken by photographer Xanthe Rivett for CAFNEC and World Wildlife Fund Australia.The WWF also posted the image on its official Instagram account on the same day.           View this post on Instagram                       A post shared by WWF-Australia (@wwf_australia) In response to the misleading posts, a World Wildlife Fund Australia representative told AFP on July 16: ""I can confirm the photos were taken in the Cairns Port in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area on 19 September 2014.""They show a ship dumping dredged material.""Philippine fact-checking organisation Vera Files also debunked this misleading claim here.",,"This photo has circulated in reports about dredging off the coast of Australia, not the Philippines",,,,,, +18,5,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-13,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EE4BW-1,An image of an electric car cemetery in France,2021-07-07,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared thousands of times in posts claiming it shows an ""electric car cemetery"" in France, where electric cars are purportedly dumped when their batteries wear out. The claim is false; the image in fact shows a Chinese rideshare company's cars parked on the outskirts of Hangzhou. The company's former manager said most of the cars were first-generation electric vehicles set to be replaced with newer models.""Here is an electric car cemetery in France. Nobody wants to buy a used electric car when the battery wears out,"" reads this Facebook post published on July 7. It has since been shared more than 1,000 times. A screenshot of the misleading Facebook post as of July 9, 2021.The same photo was shared alongside similar claims appear on Facebook here and here, and in this tweet shared more than 4,000 times.""Green madness. Electric cars belonging to the city of Paris. No one will buy them because of the cost of the replacement battery. Who will dispose of this junk, especially the batteries?"" the tweet reads.However, the claim is false. A reverse image search and keyword searches found similar photos published by Chinese state-owned newspaper People's Daily here on April 25, 2019. The article refers to the photos, credited to Chinese state news agency Chinanews, as ""a car cemetery in Hangzhou"". A screenshot of an article on the Chinese website (taken 8 July 2021)According to the article, the vehicles are ""new energy-shared cars abandoned in a car park near Hangzhou city along the Qiantang River"".The cars appear to be electric cars manufactured by China's Kandi Technologies Group. In 2015, China's state-owned newspaper Global Times identified similar vehicles with the same logos and white-green paint in Hangzhou as having been produced by Kandi. Identical visual clues can be seen in the photo circulating in misleading posts (L) and Chinanews's image (R), including buildings in the background, an electicity pylon and logos on the cars. On the left, a picture of the Facebook update and on the right, a picture taken by the Chinanews website. AFP has circled the similarities in red.The exact location of the image can also be confirmed through the satellite images of the Shuangpuzhen area on Zoom Earth, where the parking lot and its cars can be seen.The satellite images show pools of water and the buildings in the background. A satellite image of the parking lot, with the buildings visible in the Facebook photo circled in red (Zoom.earth)The electricity pylons visible in the Facebook post also can be found on the highway, south of the parking lot: A satellite image of the parking lot, with the location of the electricity pylons circled in red by AFP (Zoom.earth)The vehicles belong to a Hangzhou-based electric car rideshare company called Microcity, subsidiarity of an electric car rental company named Zhejiang Zuozhongyou Electric Car Service Limited, according to the company's former brand manager.""The cars in the photo belonged to Hangzhou Microcity,""Lou Gaofeng told AFP.Launched in Hangzhou in 2013, Microcity's electric car rideshare service aimed to tackle emissions, congestion and limited parking space, according to the local government's website.Car sharing services in Chinese have struggled to keep their business model profitable. In 2019, Hong Kong-based newspaper South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported that many firms had gone bankrupt after an initial boom in ride sharing apps the 2010s, aided by the low price of electric cars.Chinese media reported that thousands of Microcity electric cars have ended up in parking lots on the outskirts of Hangzhou from 2019 (here, here and here).Lou told local newspaper Hangzhou.com.cn in April 2019 that around 3,000 Microcity cars are parked in three different parking lots along the Qiantang River. However, according to the former manager of the company, not all the cars were defective.""I had clearly explained at that time that not all of them had problems. Some of them had problems, some could still be used, others were old enough to be sold to another company and disassembled,"" he told AFP.""Second, it had nothing to do with the spontaneous combustion of the battery, most of them were the first generation electric vehicles which had been produced in 2013 and even earlier and should be replaced due to technologcial progress.""Microcity's current management did not respond to AFP's enquiries on what the company plans to do with the cars in the future.CORRECTION 15/7/21: This article was amended to clarify Lou Gaofeng's quote that the cars in the photograph were first-generation electric cars set to be replaced with newer models.",,This photo does not show an 'electric car cemetery' in France,,,,,, +19,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-09,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EG3DM-1,Photo shows helicopter operated by the Royal Thai Army,2021-07-05,factcheck_afp,,"After a fire at a plastics factory in Thailand injured dozens, a photo surfaced in Facebook posts purporting to show a Royal Thai Army helicopter and questioning why the chopper was not deployed to quell the blaze. The claim is misleading; the photo actually shows a helitanker during an exercise in the United States in 2020. Meanwhile, a second photo in the posts genuinely shows a Thai helicopter.The photos were published here on Facebook on July 5, 2021. ""The Royal Thai Army has chinook, the forest department has a helicopter with a water bucket, why didn't anybody collaborate with them?"" the Thai-language post's caption reads. Chinook refers to a type of military, heavy-lift helicopter. ( Montira RUNGJIRAJITTRANON)The images circulated online after an explosion at a plastics factory near the Thai capital Bangkok sent plumes of smoke across the skyline, killing one firefighter and injuring at least 33 people, AFP reported.The photos were also shared on Facebook here and here alongside a similar claim. The images, however, have been shared in a misleading context.First photoA reverse image search on Google found the first photo was published in this article by the US-based blog site Fire Aviation on November 19, 2020.Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and on the Fire Aviation website (R):  ""A CH-47 Chinook Very Large Helitanker (VLHT) with night-flying capability operated by Coulson Aviation is working under an 83-day contract in collaboration with Southern California Edison (SCE) and the Orange County Fire Authority (OCFA),"" the article reads.""The Chinook is based at the Los Alamitos Joint Forces Training Base in Orange County"".The photo was screenshotted from this  footage tweeted by Orange County Fire Authority (OFCA) on November 19, 2020.The clip shows the helitanker exercise, which was coordinated by  L.A. County Fire Department  and the Orange County Fire Authority (OFCA). Yesterday we had a successful exercise with @LACoFDPIO to showcase the new joint agency Helitanker. This is a regional asset that can be used in multiple counties to fight fires. The helitanker:•Takes 1 min to fill 3,000 gallons•Has a water drop cover of approx 10 acres pic.twitter.com/mzMC2j3pZr — OCFA PIO (@OCFA_PIO) November 19, 2020 Second photoThe second photo genuinely shows a Thai helicopter.Reverse image searches for the second photo found it was previously published in this 2016 report by Thai news site Manager Online.The Thai government staged a demonstration to show how the helicopter was used to extinguish fires in Phitsanulok province, the report says.""Helicopter owned by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was used to extinguish wildfire in Nan, using the water from Nan River, in the middle of a campaign to stop burning the forest,"" the Thai-language article reads.Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and on the Manager Online website (R):  Thailand's Forest Department operates under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.The photo was also published in another report about the event by a Thai-language website here. CORRECTION: This article was updated on July 12, 2021 to clarify that the Facebook posts claimed the photos showed Thai helicopters, but not necessarily Thai helicopters at the scene of the plastics factory fire.",,Wrong helicopter photo shared in posts about Thai factory fire,,,,,, +20,5,1,5,False,Multiples sources,2021-07-07,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DZ6YU-3,Photo of polluted river is from India,2021-06-27,factcheck_afp,,"A photo of a river clogged with rubbish has been shared in multiple Facebook and Twitter posts which claim that the river is in the Indian city of Mumbai. However, the claim is false; the photo actually shows a river in Philippines' capital Manila. The photo was shared on Facebook here on June 27, 2021, by a page with some 75,000 followers.The Facebook post, sharing two photos, appears to compare two rivers with one looking clean and the other filled with garbage.The caption to the post reads:""Pic 1 - Sabaramati Riverfront, Ahmedabad, Gujarat (Fund spent by Gujarat State: ₹1400 crores)Pic 2 - Mithi River, Mumbai, Maharashtra (Funds spent by BMC & MMRDA: ₹1000+ crores)#TaleOfTwoCities #ModiHaiToMumkinHai"" (#If Modi IsThere It's Possible)   ""Sabaramati Riverfront"" refers to Sabarmati Riverfront in Indian state Gujarat, which is controlled by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).The Mithi River is located in the city of Mumbai in Maharashtra, a state which is controlled by a coalition of opposition parties. The Mithi River was Maharashtra's most polluted river in 2018, according to this report released by the state's Pollution Control Board. The report found that the level of coliform content, which indicates the presence of human and animal excreta, was at least 15 times above the safe limit, as reported by local news outlet Hindustan Times.Since November 2019, a coalition of three parties -- Shiv Sena, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) -- have formed the government in Maharashtra. However, before that Maharashtra was governed by BJP, which had formed an alliance with Shiv Sena in the state after the 2014 state legislative assembly elections. The identical photos were published by several other accounts on Facebook, for example here and here alongside a similar claim. They were also shared by BJP party members on Twitter as seen here and here. However, the claim is false. While the first image does show the Sabarmati Riverfront as seen on Google Maps, the second photo of the river clogged with garbage is not of the Mithi River in India, but actually shows the Philippines' capital city Manila. A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the original photo was taken in January 2008 in Manila, Philippines by photographer Antonio V. Oquias, as can be seen on the Shutterstock Images website. The caption to the photo reads: ""MANILA, PHILIPPINES - JANUARY 6: A river of garbage prevents the flow of water on January 6, 2008 in Manila, Philippines. Poverty and garbage disposal are major issues in the Philippines.""The photo was also used in this news report on plastic pollution by UK broadcaster BBC. Below is a comparison of the photo used in the Facebook post and the one found on Shutterstock.",,"This photo shows a river in the Philippines, not India",,,,,, +21,1,1,5,False,Gech Ethiopia,2021-07-06,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/image-elephant-shaped-mountain-composite-created-polish-artist-mirekis,This image of an elephant-shaped mountain is a composite created by Polish artist Mirekis,2021-07-01,factcheck_afp,,"An image has been shared hundreds of times on Facebook in Ethiopia alongside a claim that it shows a real mountain cliff shaped like an elephant. But this is false: AFP Fact Check found that the image was digitally created by Polish artist Mirekis.The claim has been shared more than 100 times and had over 500 reactions since it was published on July 1, 2021. “Beautiful Elephant mountain!” the post’s caption reads.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 5, 2021The image shows a mountain cliff in the shape of an elephant overlooking a snowy valley.However, the image does not show a real landscape. It was digitally created by Mirekis, a Polish artist who combined three images to create the artwork. AFP Fact Check ran a reverse image search and traced the picture to several websites showing Mirekis’s work. The composite comes from a series of images called ""Over the precipice"", initially posted on Mirekis’s Facebook page on January 18, 2018. “The series is still missing spring and fall,” the post’s Polish caption reads. Mirekis shared the image a few days later on Instagram as well as on his 500px page, a photo-sharing platform.    View this post on Instagram           A post shared by Is Mirek (@mirekis7) Original picturesThe composite was created by layering three different images. The original image that can be seen in the foreground of Mirekis’s work was uploaded on Wikimedia Commons by a user called “Giacomozanni” in April 2010. The image shows a mountain in the north-east of Italy where the Malatesta Fortress of Verucchio sits.Noticeable details stand out in the foreground of both images such as the trees and bushes. Image highlighting similarities between the original picture (right) and the compositeThe other two images are composed of a picture of an elephant superimposed on an image of the Creux du Van, a natural rocky cirque located in east Switzerland near the French border. Image highlighting similarities between the original pictures (top) and the compositeMirekis confirmed to AFP Fact Check that the photo in the misleading Facebook showed his artwork. The claim had already been debunked by Snopes in January 2018. While Mirekis’s work was digitally altered and created as a form of art, there is an actual “Elephant Rock” in the cliffs of the island Heimaey in Iceland.  Image from Wiki Commons of “Elephant Rock” in Iceland",,This image of an elephant-shaped mountain is a composite created by Polish artist Mirekis,,,,,, +22,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-02,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DP93D-1,Posts compare Manila Bay images before and during Rodrigo Duterte presidency,2021-07-26,factcheck_afp,,"A photo collage has been shared thousands of times in Facebook posts that claim it shows a trash-filled beach in the Philippine capital Manila purportedly before Rodrigo Duterte was elected president -- and the same beach after he ordered a cleanup during his term. But these posts are misleading: the trash-filled beach photo is miscaptioned as taken during the presidency of former leader Benigno Aquino III; both images in the photo collage have circulated in news reports since 2020 during Duterte’s term as president.The photo collage was posted here on Facebook on June 26, 2021. It has been shared over 3,000 times since.The photo collage juxtaposes two images of Manila Bay, a natural harbour located west of the Philippine capital Manila.The first image shows a trash-filled beach overlaid with text that reads: “NOYNOY BEFORE”. The second shows a clean beach superimposed with the text: “DUTERTE NOW”.The post’s Tagalog-language caption translates in part as: “They say President BS Aquino III is the protector against environmental waste.”  Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 1, 2021The misleading post circulated days after the death of former Philippine President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III on June 24, 2021, AFP reported.Aquino III was the president from 2010 to 2016. He was succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte whose term is until 2022.In 2019, Duterte announced a “major” Manila Bay cleanup. The following year his government began construction of an artificial white sand beach along a portion of the bay.The controversial project has spurred a slew of misinformation, for example here, here and here debunked by AFP.An identical photo collage was also shared alongside a similar claim in Facebook posts here, here and here.But these posts are misleading: both images in the photo collage have circulated in reports published during Duterte’s term.First image A reverse search on Google found the image of the trash-filled beach was published here by Philippine broadcaster GMA News on September 8, 2020 when the Duterte government’s white sand beach project was underway, not during former President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino's term.The image’s caption states in part: “A lot of trash drifted to Manila Bay, near the Manila Yacht Club. [This side] is more polluted compared to the other end where the [environment agency] is dumping white sand.”The image corresponds to the 19-second mark of this television report aired by GMA News the same day. Below is a screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading posts (L) and the original photo from GMA News (R):   The image was taken in this location as seen on Google Maps. Second imageFurther reverse image searches found the second image had also appeared in a news report during the Duterte administration. It was shared here on May 24, 2021 by local media organisation SMNI News.The image’s caption reads in part: “#ManilaBayRehab… #DuterteAdministration”.Below is a screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading posts (L) and photo shared by SMNI News (R):   The rainbow-colored crosswalk seen in the image corresponds to these photos posted on the Facebook page of Manila City’s mayor in December 2020, when the newly-painted lanes were opened to the public.The image corresponds to this location on Google Street View.The misleading posts were also debunked by Philippine fact-checking organisation Vera Files here.",,Misleading posts circulate anew about beach cleanup in Philippine capital,,,,,, +23,1,1,5,False,Multiple,2021-06-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DC9V8-1,Photos show malnourished lions at Bangladesh zoo,2021-06-19,factcheck_afp,,"Three photos of malnourished lions are circulating in Facebook posts that claim they were taken at a zoo in Bangladesh. The claim is false: the images were originally shared in reports about a zoo in Sudan in January 2020.  The photos of the lions were posted here on Facebook on June 19, 2021. The post has been shared more than 700 times.The post’s Bengali-language caption reads: ''We request the authority of Mirpur Zoo to set these wild animals free. If you can't fulfil your duty, then there is no right to trade with these wild animals. If anyone comes across this post who has the ability to do something about it, then please take some action.''  Mirpur Zoo is Bangladesh’s National Zoo in the capital Dhaka. It is home to more than 2,500 creatures, including eight endangered Bengal tigers, as reported here by AFP.The same images were shared with a similar claim here, here and here on Facebook.However, the claim is false. A reverse image search found two of the three photos were posted here on Facebook in January 2020.They were uploaded on the verified page of Osman Salih, who describes himself as CEO at Sudan Animal Rescue.His post reads in part: ""I was shaken when I saw these lions at the park... their bones are protruding from the skin”.""I urge interested people and institutions to help them,"" he wrote. Below is a screenshot comparison of the images in the misleading post (L) and the images shared by Salih (R) : The campaign to save the five lions caged in Khartoum's Al-Qureshi Park was reported here by AFP on January 20, 2020.The final photo in the misleading post was taken by AFP photographer Ashraf Shazly at al-Qureshi Park in the Sudanese capital Khartoum on January 20, 2020. Below is a screenshot comparison of the final photo in the misleading post (L) and Shazly’s photo (R): Shazly posted the images on Facebook here.",,Facebook users share old photos of lions in Sudan in posts about Bangladesh zoo,,,,,, +24,5,1,5,False,Multiple Sources,2021-06-25,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/these-images-have-circulated-online-reports-about-meteor-sightings-october-2015,Images of meteor visible in northern Thailand in June 2021,2021-06-22,factcheck_afp,,"Images that show a meteor have been shared widely in Twitter and Facebook posts that claim these were shot in Thailand in June 2021. But this claim is false: the images are unrelated to recent meteor sightings in Thailand and have in fact circulated online since October 2015.The images were posted on Twitter here on June 22, 2021. They have been shared more than 1,800 times since.The Thai-language post translates as: “Who is in Chiangmai, they said a loud noise was heard along with green light during around 18:35 it is [an] #asteroid!!! #Chiangrai #meteor”. Screenshot of the misleading Twitter post taken on June 23, 2021The misleading post circulated the same night social media users in Chiang Mai and other areas in northern Thailand reported seeing flashes of light in the sky followed by loud noises.The National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) confirmed the event was due to a meteor that had broken off from an asteroid and entered the Earth’s atmosphere.Identical images were also shared alongside a similar claim on Facebook here, here and here; and on Twitter here and here.The claim is false: the images have circulated online since at least 2015.First imageA reverse search on Google found the first image was posted here on Instagram by weather photographer Marko Korosec on October 31, 2015.Its caption reads in part: “This spectacular and very bright bolide (fireball) from Southern Taurids meteor shower was observed this evening at 18:12 UTC, Oct 30th, 2015. Looking towards south from Brkini, SW Slovenia.”    View this post on Instagram           A post shared by Marko Korosec (@markokorosecnet)Below is a screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading post (L) and Korosec’s photo (R): Screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading post (L) and Korosec’s photo (R)The image was also shared here on the website Spaceweather.com on October 31, 2015 -- and credited to Korosec.Second imageA further reverse search found the second image corresponds to the 59-second mark of this YouTube video posted on November 2, 2015.The video’s caption reads: “Collection of the November 2, 2015 meteorite clips in Thailand”.Below is a screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading post (L) and its corresponding frame in the YouTube video (R): Screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading post (L) and its corresponding frame in the YouTube video (R)Video clips showing the same meteor were also shown in this news report aired on November 4, 2015 by Thai broadcaster Ch.3.",,These images have circulated online in reports about meteor sightings since October 2015,,,,,, +25,1,1,5,FALSE,Multiple Sources,2021-06-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/californians-can-charge-electric-vehicles-despite-heat-waves,California told everyone to not charge their electric cars,2021-06-18,factcheck_afp,,"Posts shared thousands of times on social media say California told its residents not to charge their electric cars because of a power shortage. This is false; the state has released voluntary energy saving tips that include charging vehicles before an electricity conservation alert is issued, and a spokeswoman for the grid operator denied people were forbidden from charging.“CALIFORNIA literally just told everyone to not charge their electric cars Due to power shortage,” a June 18, 2021 Facebook post read during a heat wave which sent temperatures soaring past 100 degrees Fahrenheit on some days, posing threats of energy shortages.  A screenshot of a Facebook post taken on June 22, 2021“So much for those green energy vehicles. California is asking us to conserve energy and strain on our power grid. No charging electric cars,” a social media user commented in a June 18 tweet. Other examples of the post can also be found on Twitter here, as well as Instagram and Facebook, here and here. “There is no truth in that statement,” Lindsay Buckley, director of communications and external affairs at the California Energy Commission, the state’s energy policy agency, said of the claim.Much of the western United States suffered a record heat wave in June, with approximately 50 million Americans placed on alert on June 15 for ""excessive"" temperatures, approaching 120 degrees Fahrenheit in some areas.As a result, the state’s non-profit power grid manager, California Independent System Operator (ISO), issued  several “Flex Alerts” to help keep the power grid stable. These called on residents to voluntarily conserve energy at selected times including during peak hours of consumption. Alerts were sent state-wide on June 17 and June 18, coinciding with when the social media claims about the electric vehicles started spreading. Anne Gonzales, senior public information officer at ISO, told AFP that they “have encouraged consumers to charge EVs (electric vehicles) before a Flex Alert begins. We do not say anything about ‘not charging’ in our messaging.”On June 17, California ISO also posted advice on what to do before and during a Flex Alert. The organization recommended charging battery powered cars prior to its start.  A screenshot of the Flex Alert website’s tips to help conserve energy in California The website dedicated to these energy saving tips recommends that people avoid charging electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles during an alert, and to charge them overnight instead. Buckley, of the Energy Commission, confirmed to AFP that Flex Alerts “are fully voluntary, and the program's messaging emphasizes shifting energy consumption -- not sacrificing.”Gil Tal, director of the Plug-in Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Research Center of the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis, told AFP that “Flex Alerts ask the public not to charge electric vehicles during the alert, which is usually 6:00 pm-9:00 pm or 5:00 pm-10:00 pm at the most.”Most drivers don’t replenish their vehicle batteries during those times anyway, Tal said.Electric vehicle drivers “usually charge at home and can use a timer to start charging after midnight or at work during the day. Very few actually charge during those (peak) hours and even fewer need to charge at that time,” he explained.He added that electric cars’ improved battery life generally only requires a charge every few days. As Californians rely heavily on motor vehicles, the transport sector accounts for about half of the state's greenhouse gas emissions.In September 2020, the office of Governor Gavin Newsom ordered that all new passenger vehicles sold in the state by 2035 should be zero-emission under a new rule aimed at fighting climate change and smog-fouled air.",,Californians can charge electric vehicles despite heat waves,,,,,, +26,3,1,5,Misleading,multiple sources,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FE6UH-1,Vaccines on the market contain carcinogenic graphene oxide,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts have repeatedly shared a claim that all commercially available vaccines purportedly contain a cancer-causing substance called graphene oxide. But these posts are misleading: experts separately told AFP that graphene oxide is not used in commercially available vaccines. The most commonly used vaccines go through rigorous testing and have been safely used for decades, according to the World Health Organization.""After investigating the contents of vaccines, 99% was found to be graphene oxide. Like asbestos this causes cancer,"" reads this Korean-language Facebook post on July 12, 2021.""Graphene oxide was found in all vaccines commercially available,"" the post adds. Screenshot of the misleading post. Captured July 20, 2021.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene which is reportedly the world's thinnest material first isolated in 2004.A similar claim was also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here and here.But these posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Graphene oxide ""No vaccines on the market [is] based on graphene oxide,"" Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, told AFP on July 20, 2021.Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said. The claim that all commercially available vaccines were 99% made up of graphene oxide was ""ungrounded in fact,"" Professor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP on July 19, 2021.""Graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials,"" Hong said.Hong added that the claim that graphene oxide is purportedly like asbestos and causes cancer is misleading.""Graphene has a planar structure, and is very different from asbestos, which has a needle structure,"" he explained.""In the case of graphene oxide... there is some toxicity but relatively little, so the material is being widely researched for use in drug delivery systems and in vivo diagnostic sensors.""Published lists of ingredients in widely used Covid-19 vaccines -- Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen -- do not include graphene oxide. Vaccine safetyVaccines are available for some two dozen diseases including Covid-19, according to this list from the World Health Organization (WHO).""The most commonly used vaccines have been around for decades, with millions of people receiving them safely every year,"" the WHO states here.""Following the introduction of a vaccine, close monitoring continues to detect any unexpected adverse side effects.""",,"Available vaccines do not contain graphene oxide, experts say",,,,,, +27,1,1,5,False,የኢትዮጵያ ብልፅግና ፓርቲ,2021-07-20,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/no-evidence-putin-congratulated-ethiopian-pm-second-filling-controversial-mega-dam,Putin congratulates Ethiopian PM over GERD filling,2021-07-06,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook post shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims that Russian President Vladimir Putin recently congratulated Ethiopia’s prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, on the second filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia's construction of the mega-dam has been a source of diplomatic tension with its downstream neighbours. However, this is false; the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa told AFP Fact Check that Putin never made any such comments. Furthermore, there is no official evidence of the Russian head of state issuing a statement regarding the GERD filling. The post, archived here, has been shared more than 350 times since it was published on Facebook on July 6, 2021. It was shared from an account called “Ethiopian Prosperity Party”, the political party led by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. However, the page is not an official account and was created by a party supporter.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 16, 2021The post features an image of Putin and Abiy shaking hands. “Congratulations Ethiopians! The second phase of the Abay dam filling is legitimate and demonstrates the right to use its own natural resources (sic),” reads a quote attributed to the Russian leader translated to English. “A country that has many thousand years of history, an example of freedom that doesn’t bend to oppression, the mother of many proud heroes, congratulations Ethiopia,” it concludes.The post surfaced after the onset of this year’s rainy season, which helped speed up the process of filling the mega-dam. An official told AFP  on July 19, 2021, that Ethiopia had attained its second-year target for filling the mega-dam on the Blue Nile River. Ethiopia hit its first target of 4.9 billion cubic metres in July 2020.Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been locked in a tug of war over the use of the Nile ever since Ethiopia started building and filling the GERD using water from the river. Both the governments of Egypt and Sudan have expressed concern that diverting Nile water into the GERD will restrict water supplies in the two countries, affecting millions of people’s livelihoods.Russian embassy denies remarksHowever, the remarks attributed to Putin are fabricated.Valentina Kim, a spokeswoman for the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa, said the leader had not congratulated Abiy. When asked about the false claims, Kim said: “We have not seen them”.“We cannot comment on an event [whose] existence is not proved,” she added. According to the Kremlin’s website, the most recent conversation between both leaders was a phone conversation on April 7, 2020.AFP Fact Check previously debunked a claim that Putin was backing Ethiopia in the dispute over the GERD. Similarly, AFP Fact Check debunked remarks falsely attributed to Putin where he allegedly ridiculed Ethiopia’s prime minister about cloud seeding technology.",,No evidence that Putin congratulated Ethiopian PM on the second filling of controversial mega-dam,,,,,, +28,2,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EV3G3-1,"Covid-19 vaccines contain ""nanotechnology"" that can change people's DNA",2021-07-05,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts claim that Covid-19 vaccines contain robotic ""nanotechnology"" that can change people's DNA. While they do include tiny fat bubbles to protect mRNA molecules -- an essential component of the shots -- they do not feature miniature robots, and experts say Covid-19 jabs cannot alter a person's genetic makeup.""NANOTECHNOLOGY IS IN THIS JAB THAT WILL ALTER DNA - STAY AWAY!"" warns a July 5, 2021 Facebook post that features images of miniature robots flooding out of a syringe and interacting with DNA and cells. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 13, 2021But the word ""nanotechnology"" refers to anything that has been engineered at the nanoscale, and it does not necessarily relate to mechanical or mineral elements, as the photo suggests. Nanotechnology is used in the food and cosmetics industries, for example.The mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna differ from previously administered inoculations. Instead of confronting the immune system with part of a virus in a weakened or deactivated form to build antibodies, they give it a ""blueprint"" of a part of the virus that the body can then recognize and fight when confronted by it later.They use tiny fat bubbles called lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate fragile mRNA molecules and the information they contain to protect them until they can be safely delivered into cells without being degraded by the body's enzymes. This video explains how the shots work.Most of the 334 million doses of Covid-19 administered in the United States were mRNA shots. More than 43 million doses in total have been put into arms in Canada.'Nanotechnology' misinterpretedCatherine Klapperich, professor of biomedical engineering at Boston University, told AFP on July 12 that ""there are no robots"" in the Covid-19 vaccines.She lamented that the word ""nanotechnology,"" coined decades ago, has been misinterpreted over time to suggest that ""there's some sort of active, living component that's going to go into your body and be like a little robot, march around and do stuff, and that that must be nefarious.""""But in actuality, the word 'nanotechnology' just simply means that these are technologies or materials that are the scale of a nanometer, and that's it. This is actually a very passive material, it's a lipid,"" she explained.""There's nothing mechanical, there's nothing electrical, there's nothing magnetic,"" she said, adding that without the lipids, very little of the mRNA would get into cells ""and the immune response would not be very strong.""A deluge of inaccurate claims about vaccines has spread across the internet as countries around the world seek to immunize their populations against Covid-19, which has killed more than four million people around the world.Covid-19 vaccines cannot alter people's DNAScientists have widely rejected the unsubstantiated claim that mRNA vaccines can modify human DNA, which AFP earlier debunked here and here.Matthew Miller, associate professor with the Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Science at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, said for a previous fact-check that ""mRNA is the code for proteins. It does not alter the DNA of your cells. Indeed, your cells naturally make mRNA from DNA.” Boston University's Klapperich explained that ""in your body, messenger RNA is made from DNA, and not the other way around... DNA is never edited, never copied, never changed"" -- and she said it cannot be because that is not something mRNA can do.Barry Pakes, assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto , told AFP on April 28 that ""the mRNA cannot be integrated into the human genome. We (humans) lack the enzymes to reverse transcribe mRNA to DNA.""The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also refuted the claim that Covid-19 vaccines can alter people's DNA here.""Covid-19 vaccines do not change or interact with your DNA in any way. Both mRNA and viral vector Covid-19 vaccines deliver instructions (genetic material) to our cells to start building protection against the virus that causes Covid-19. However, the material never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where our DNA is kept,"" the federal health agency states on its website.",,Covid-19 vaccines do not contain DNA-altering robots,,,,,, +29,1,1,5,False,Multiple Sources,2021-07-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EY2LT-1,Image shows sunset at North Pole,2021-06-07,factcheck_afp,,"A picture that purports to show the Moon above the Sun has been shared thousands of times in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows a real sunset at the North Pole. The claim is false: the image has been digitally created by an artist. It has circulated online in misleading posts since at least 2006. The image was shared here on June 7, 2021 by a Facebook page based in New Zealand. A screenshot of the image shared to Facebook, taken July 14, 2021.The post's caption reads: “This is the sunset at the North Pole with the moon at its closest point last week. A scene most of us will probably never get to see in person. An amazing photo. Enjoy!”The image has been shared thousands of times alongside a similar claim on Facebook pages around the world, including Britain, Italy and the United States.The claim is false.The image, titled ""Hideaway"", was created by Germany-based artist Inga Nielsen.She creates artworks under her online pseudonym Gate to Nowhere and uploads them here on the art-sharing website Deviant Art.  A screenshot of the original artwork. ( AFP)The original image was created using Photoshop and digital landscape rendering software Terragen, according to Nielsen's caption on the original Deviant Art image. “After someone spread it on the web as [sic] photograph of a ‘Sunset at the north pole’, this image became quite popular. It is of course not a photo and it does not show a place anywhere near the terrestrial North Pole,” the caption reads. NASA explanationNASA featured 'Hideaway' as its Astronomy Photo of the Day.It debunked the claim the image showed a sunset at the North Pole, after it initally circulated online in misleading posts in 2006. “The scene could not exist anywhere on the Earth because from the Earth, the Moon and the Sun always have nearly the same angular size,” the NASA website reads. In 2011, astronomer Phil Plait also published this story in Discovery Magazine debunking claims that the image shows a sunset at the North Pole. In this Facebook post sharing the Discovery Magazine article, Nielsen confirmed the image was never intended to be a sunset on Earth. ""This is an alien world thousands if not millions of light years away,"" she wrote.",,This image of the Moon above the Sun was created digitally by an artist,,,,,, +30,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-07-02,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/vaccination-does-not-cause-babies-die-their-sleep,Childhood vaccination causes Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS),2021-06-14,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts make a series of inaccurate claims linking childhood vaccination and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). But medical experts say vaccines do not cause babies to suddenly die, and that evidence indicates there are lower rates of SIDS in children who receive the recommended shots.Medical understanding of SIDS -- a sudden death of a seemingly healthy infant, generally during sleep -- remains incomplete. But the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia say studies show that vaccines do not cause the rare syndrome.Below, AFP Fact Check examines various claims about SIDS and vaccines.‘VIDS’“SIDS has always been VIDS,” says a June 14, 2021 Facebook post with a screenshot of a tweet, abbreviating “Vaccine Infant Death Syndrome.” “Everyone knows a family who lost a perfectly healthy baby to SIDS- a mysterious infant death for no medical reason. Now look around you. How many perfectly healthy adults are dying shortly after their vaccine shot. 2+2=?” says the June 13 tweet, in an implied comparison between SIDS deaths and purported fatalities linked to Covid-19 shots.AFP has debunked numerous false or misleading claims linking the Covid-19 inoculations to deaths. Screenshot of a tweet taken on June 30, 2021But childhood vaccines and Covid-19 shots are not comparable. In the US, the vaccine schedule between the ages of two and four months -- when an infant is most at risk for SIDS -- prevents diseases including hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio.By contrast, Covid-19 shots protect against the illness caused by the novel coronavirus and are not currently recommended for children under 12 years old. Mayo Clinic, Children's National and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) say that immunizing babies may be associated with lower risk of SIDS.Dr Rachel Moon, who chairs the AAP Task Force on SIDS, said that while there is overlap in the period of high risk for SIDS and frequent vaccinations for babies, “multiple studies have looked at this relationship and found that there is no causal relationship, meaning that it’s a coincidence in timing.”“There is no increased risk of SIDS when you get the vaccines. And actually, the studies suggest that babies who are vaccinated are at lower risk of SIDS. That may be because if you’ve been recently ill, you’re more likely to die from SIDS. Vaccinated babies are less likely to get ill, for multiple reasons,” she added.Dr Robert Jacobson, a pediatrician at Mayo Clinic, agreed. “If anything, we see lower rates of Sudden Infant Death among infants vaccinated than in infants who have foregone the vaccinations,” he said.While this reduction may not be directly due to vaccination, ""there’s no data that has shown any one of the vaccines actually increases your risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,” he said.Link to coronavirus restrictions?Social media posts that circulated in 2020 claimed that the decline in immunizations brought on by measures aimed at curbing the spread of Covid-19 led to a decrease in SIDS cases. ""One of the many lessons from the pandemic: fewer pediatrician vaccine visits… and a massive decline in children inexplicably dying in their sleep. (SIDS/SUIDS). Related? Yes. Stop pretending otherwise,” said a screenshot of a tweet in a July 20, 2020 Facebook post. Screenshot of part of a Facebook post, taken on July 2, 2021A Twitter spokesperson said that the account that shared the message is now suspended from Twitter for “coordinated harmful activity,” which can include spreading medical misinformation.The head of the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Robert Anderson, said that data does not show evidence of a “massive” decline in SIDS or infant mortality in general for the first half of 2020.In fact, the yearly number of infant deaths attributed to SIDS ending in the second half of 2019 is equal to the amount during the first half of 2020 -- less than 34 per 100,000 live births.   Screenshot of SIDS death data on the National Center for Health Statistics website, taken on July 1, 2021 Anderson noted that the 2020 data may be “slightly underestimated” because “deaths ultimately attributed to SIDS (or similar terminology) tend to be delayed as they typically require a lengthy investigation.”Faulty ‘evidence’False claims of a link between childhood vaccines and SIDS long predate Covid-19. Some social media posts cite a study by Dr William Torch to back the claim that vaccines cause SIDS, but the 1982 study was challenged by researchers, and Torch himself admitted it was difficult to draw definite conclusions from his work. Screenshot of part of a Facebook post, taken on July 2, 2021A significant decline in US cases in the 1990s is attributed to the implementation of the “Back-to-Sleep” program, which instructs parents on how to safely put their babies to bed.Placing infants on their back on a firm surface with no other items, such as toys or blankets, in a room shared with a parent are all ways to reduce risk of SIDS.SIDS in JapanOther posts laud Japan for halting vaccinations for children under two in 1994, claiming that the country then experienced a 96 percent drop in infant mortality rate. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 1, 2021 While it is true that children in Japan are particularly healthy by international standards, they are also one of the most vaccinated populations in the world.The Japanese schedule for vaccines is similar to that of the US, with multiple shots recommended for babies between two and four months.Japanese law was indeed amended in 1994 to make vaccination more of a civic duty than a strict legal obligation, but in practice, schools ask for children’s vaccination history as they apply.The law on vaccines stipulates that all citizens “must endeavour to undergo a routine vaccination” against “category A diseases,” such as measles, mumps, rubeola, and tetanus. Although there are no fines for not vaccinating children, inoculation rates are very high and frequently reach 100 percent of the population for certain diseases, according to the Japanese Health Ministry.Data showed that SIDS rates in Japan actually took an upturn around 1995 following the law change, but declined in subsequent years.",,Vaccination does not cause babies to die in their sleep,,,,,, +31,1,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-06-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/misleading-claims-about-magnetism-spread-meat-poultry,Meat has been injected with material that makes it magnetic,2021-06-14,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts claim chicken and beef have been injected with prion proteins, nanoparticles or other material that make them stick to fridge magnets. But the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) says its surveillance measures guard against metallic contamination, while experts add that prions could not be responsible, and nanoparticles are not being added to meat.“Don’t go to the store without your magnet,” says a June 14, 2021 Facebook post. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken June 16, 2021In the video, a man sticks a small round magnet onto the outside of a package of chicken. He says: “They’re just putting little prions in here,” suggesting that the prions -- an infectious protein -- are causing magnetic effects.Multiple posts making similar claims about a variety of packaged and unpackaged poultry and meat products can also be found on Instagram, where the most popular iteration has topped 40,000 views. Videos on YouTube and Tik Tok, as well as compilation videos, have further spread the claim.It comes after a series of false and misleading claims that linked Covid-19 vaccinations to magnetism spread around the world. These included a hoax, supposedly shown in videos, that people’s arms exhibit magnetic properties after they receive the shots.Other posts claim a variety of reasons as to why magnets may stick to the meat. One says, “they are putting magnetic nano partials (sic) in our meat,” while another claims “they put heavy toxic metals in our food supply.” Mick West, a British-American science writer, published a video on Metabunk.org, a website dedicated to debunking pseudoscience, demonstrating that magnets, coins, or other smooth objects will stick to various body parts, if one’s skin is slightly oily. “Remove the oil and the object will not stick,” he explains.For similar reasons, magnets might stick to meat and poultry “due to the texture, angle or moisture of the product,” the USDA told AFP.“However, this does not mean that there is metal in the meat or poultry. All meat and poultry products bearing the USDA mark of inspection have been inspected for safety, wholesomeness, and accurate labeling,” a USDA spokesperson said on June 21, 2021.The spokesperson added that all establishments inspected by USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service are required to have a system in place “designed to prevent, eliminate, or reduce to acceptable levels any biological, chemical, or physical hazard that is reasonably likely to occur in the product.”As a result, it is unlikely that an undetected piece of metal could contaminate meat products, the spokesperson said, with many establishments going so far as to “install metal detectors and/or X-ray devices for screening their final products to ensure no accidental/unexpected metal (shaving or a broken piece) is present”.FSIS personnel also conduct regular inspections.As for the social media claim that prions may be a magnetic component found in meat, “this suggested hypothesis has no foundation in science,” the USDA spokesperson said, adding: “They are organic matter. More specifically, they are misfolded proteins. Therefore, they would lack any sort of magnetic quality.”Prions have an association with meat through the most well-known prion disease, BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) -- also called mad cow disease -- which affects cattle and is believed to be related to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans. Dr James Mastrianni, a professor of neurology at University of Chicago Medicine, told AFP on June 17, 2021: “There is some association of prions in meat, but these came from diseased cows being inadvertently used in the preparation of bovine-derived food. They were never purposely injected into meat, although how could anyone disprove such a crazy hypothesis?“Even if they were injected into meat, they are not magnetic and could certainly not perform the magic act of making a magnet stick to it.”Some of the claims suggest that the phenomenon is caused by nanoparticles -- tiny materials invisible to the eye which can be of various types. Iron is a natural component of beef and other meats but Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the Center for Food Safety, an activist group, told AFP on June 21, 2021: “While there is a remote chance that a powerful magnet could pick up on the magnetism of the iron in meat, it is really unlikely that most refrigerator magnets are that sensitive.“As far as I know, no nano ingredients are being added to meats in the US.”",,"Misleading claims about magnetism spread to meat, poultry",,,,,, +32,1,1,2.5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-06-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/posts-misleadingly-claim-muslim-woman-appointed-director-indias-space-agency,Muslim woman Khushboo Mirza appointed director of Indian Space Research Organisation,2021-06-02,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared in multiple Facebook and Instagram posts alongside a claim that it shows a Muslim woman, Khushboo Mirza, who was purportedly appointed “director” of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The claim is misleading: there is no such post within the ISRO. Mirza has worked as a scientist for the organisation since 2006, according to her LinkedIn profile and says she has never held the post of “director”. The photo was published here on Facebook on June 2, 2021.The post’s Hindi-language caption translates to English as: “Young Khushboo Mirza becomes the director of ISRO due to her talent.” The text superimposed on the image translates as: “35-year old scientist Miss Khushboo Mirza has been promoted as the director in ISRO. She is an alumnus of Aligarh Muslim University and the only 2nd Muslim scientist after APJ Abdul Kalam to hold this rank at ISRO.”ISRO is the Indian Space Research Organisation.Aligarh Muslim University is located in the north Indian city of Aligarh.APJ Abdul Kalam was a former space scientist and President of India.The photo was shared with a similar claim on Facebook here and here; and here on Instagram.The claim is misleading.There is no position with the title “director” within the ISRO, according to this page on the agency’s website.The agency’s most senior position is the chairman. K. Sivan is listed as the chairman as of June 22, 2021.Khushboo Mirza has been working as a scientist with ISRO since 2006, according to her official LinkedIn profile.Mirza was part of the research team of India’s space missions to moon in 2008 and 2019, as reported by Indian news outlets Indian Express; TwoCircles.net; News18; and Patrika.Several Indian news websites, for example here and here, misleadingly claimed Mirza was promoted to director within the ISRO in June 2020.Mirza denied rumours of her promotion here in a Facebook post on June 27, 2020.Below is a screenshot of her Facebook post: She told Indian news site The Quint in June 2021: “The claim that I have been promoted to the Director rank in ISRO is absolutely false. Such claims have been made in the past as well. I have brought this to the notice of my organisation as well.”Former Indian president APJ Abdul Kalam has also never held a top position in the ISRO as claimed in the misleading posts. His name does not feature in this list of former chairmen within the organisation.",,Posts misleadingly claim Muslim woman appointed ‘director’ of India’s space agency,,,,,, +33,3,1,5,Missing context,Multiple sources,2021-06-17,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/defend-billionaires-sign-picturing-musk-not-real-ad,"Billboard of Elon Musk that reads ""Defend Billionaires"" spotted ""in the wild""",2021-06-09,factcheck_afp,,"A tweet claims a billboard with Elon Musk’s photo that reads “Defend billionaires” can be seen outdoors. But the sign is not real. It is the digital artwork of designer Martin Sprouse, and the image was published on Sprouse’s Instagram account the month before it spread on Twitter.“Spotted in the wild. I hate this mf place,” the June 9, 2021 tweet reads. As of June 17, the post had gathered more than 40,000 likes and nearly 7,000 retweets. A screenshot of the tweet taken on June 17, 2021The same visual was also shared on Facebook, here and here, and on Instagram.The image started to be widely shared on social media after the release of an investigative report by New York-based journalism nonprofit ProPublica, which revealed several of the richest Americans have paid zero income tax in some years, including Tesla chief Musk and Amazon’s chairman Jeff Bezos. The report comes as Washington weighs new proposals to address tax avoidance among wealthy individuals and companies.Some social media users, however, were not fooled by the visual imagery and recognized it as a creation of California designer Sprouse. AFP Fact Check found that the original artwork was posted on his official Instagram account “3chordpolitics” on May 18, 2021, about three weeks before the image started to get shared on social media by other users, a search on social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle shows. A similar creation using Bezos’s photo was published by Sprouse on June 11, 2021. In a 2020 interview on YouTube, the artist explained how he does these pieces mainly to express himself, “and maybe, I think people figure it out on their own, they see the graphic and it confirms what they’re feeling, or pisses them off... or they feel comfort and solidarity, which I think is a huge part of the graphics.” “You make a ‘Fuck the police’ graphic, not just to piss off the police, it’s to make comfort for people that have that same feeling,” he said during the interview. At the time of writing this article Sprouse had not responded to an AFP request for comment.",,‘Defend billionaires’ sign picturing Musk is not real ad,,,,,, +34,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-06-15,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/us-teen-space-enthusiast-has-not-been-chosen-one-way-mission-mars,Aspiring astronaut Alyssa Carson is selected for a one way mission to Mars,2021-05-31,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook posts shared thousands of times claim a 20-year-old American space enthusiast, Alyssa Carson, has been selected for a one-way voyage to become ""the first living being to land on Mars"". The claim is false: as of June 15, 2021, Carson was not a qualified astronaut, and the technology to facilitate a human mission to Mars is still in development. As of June 15, 2021, there were no credible reports of Carson joining a mission to Mars.The claim was shared in this Facebook post published on May 31, 2021. It has been shared more than 500 times.“Beautiful girl Alyssa Carson will voyage to Mars, never to return, on behalf of Earth,” reads the Sinhala-language text.“Usually, as a girl grows up, she has various hopes and dreams. But wouldn't you be surprised if you were told that a 20-year-old girl was ready to risk her life, not knowing what will happen to her and embark on a journey from which she will never return? That is Alyssa Carson, the first living being to land on Mars.” Carson has made headlines for her dream of being among the first humans on Mars. The undergraduate student has taken part in various space camps and academies, and earned her pilot’s license aged 18, according to her website and LinkedIn profile.  Similar posts claiming Carson has been selected for a one-way voyage to Mars have been shared here, here and here.However, the claim is false.As of June 15, 2021, Carson was not a qualified astronaut.""To be able to actually apply as an astronaut, I need a master's degree and then some work experience. It's pretty tough competition,” she told ABC Australia in an interview published on April 1, 2021.Carson and her team did not immediately respond to AFP requests for comment. But as of June 15, 2021 there were no reports of her being selected for a mission to Mars either on her official website, verified social media pages, or in any media reports.NASA said it has not selected any crew members for a mission to Mars.It said it had also not selected a crew for its Artemis programme, which will send astronauts to the Moon to test new technologies ahead of a mission to Mars.“At this time, we have not yet made any crew assignments for Artemis or Mars missions,” NASA Public Affairs Officer Kathryn Hambleton told AFP.The agency says it hopes to send humans to Mars as early as the 2030s. ""Technology development has already begun to enable a crewed Mars mission as early as the 2030s. Many of the capabilities will be demonstrated at the Moon first, during the Artemis missions, while other systems are more uniquely suited for deeper space,"" says the agency.Hambleton said that NASA “does not have any formal relationship” with Alyssa Carson.“NASA has lots of ways we engage with students to promote NASA's core missions and space exploration in general, and we love to see students get interested and excited. However, we do not have any formal relationship with Ms. Carson,” she said.Responding to the claim about a one-way mission to Mars, NASA’s Hambleton said: “We will always bring our crew members home”.",,US teen space enthusiast has not been chosen for one-way mission to Mars,,,,,, +35,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-06-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/false-magnetic-claims-circulate-online-about-astrazeneca-vaccine,AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccines make human bodies pair with a Bluetooth device,2021-05-28,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts have shared claims that electronic devices “recognise” people who have received the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine. The posts go on to claim that anyone who receives the vaccine will become “magnetic”; will have their DNA altered and will die from blood clots. The claims are false, according to health experts.The claims were shared here on Naver Blog on May 28, 2021.The post's Korean-language caption translates to English as: “Electronic devices recognise a person who got vaccinated against Covid-19 as another device with a Bluetooth function. They pair you and you show up as ‘AstraZeneca’.“Now it all makes sense that people who get a Covid-19 jab dies due to a rare blood clot and becomes magnetic. It has become clear that the vaccines alter your DNA.” Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on June 10, 2021.The claim was shared alongside several screenshots of a video overlaid with English-language text that reads: “AstraZeneca Bluetooth Side Effect” and “Connect to the Bluetooth see what happens part 2!”The video was originally posted on TikTok here on June 4, 2021. It has since been removed.The AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine is among the three coronavirus vaccines being administered in South Korea.As of June 14, 2021, the country had administered more than 7.9 million first doses and more than 711,000 second doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.Similar claims have also been shared on Facebook here and here; as well as on the South Korean social media site Daum Cafe here. The claims are false, according to health experts.Not magnetic“There are no ingredients in the AstraZeneca vaccines or any other Covid-19 vaccines that could turn people into Bluetooth or make a human body react to Bluetooth,” a spokesperson at the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) told AFP on June 9, 2021.“Scientifically, the claim does not make sense.”AFP has previously debunked false posts that claim people exhibit magnetic properties after being vaccinated for Covid-19.People can easily change their Bluetooth name using their mobile devices or Windows operating system, as explained here in Korean and here in English.'Extremely rare'No one in South Korea has died from rare blood clots associated with the AstraZeneca vaccine as of June 14, 2021.To date, authorities have reported one patient developed blood clots after receiving the jab.“The patient has been treated and recovered,” a KDCA official told AFP on June 14, 2021.“A possibility of having a blood clot as a result of the vaccination against Covid-19 is extremely rare,” the agency said here on its website on June 10, 2021.“It can be treated and recovered if it’s diagnosed at an early stage.”The European Medicines Agency has said unusual blood clots should be listed as a very rare side effect of the AstraZeneca vaccine, although it has stressed that its overall benefits in preventing Covid-19 outweigh the risks. AFP reported on the developments here.False DNA claimCovid-19 vaccines cannot alter DNA, health experts say. “Whilst [Covid-19 vaccine] technologies both use genetic codes to produce the spike protein inside the body, this code cannot be incorporated into the body’s DNA,” the Oxford University-run Vaccine Knowledge Project said here on March 17, 2021.“Vaccines do not contain the ‘specialised tools’ needed to ‘copy’ or ‘edit’ DNA.”AFP has previously debunked false claims that Covid-19 vaccines alter DNA.",,False ‘magnetic’ claims circulate online about AstraZeneca vaccine,,,,,, +36,2.5,1,5,Missing context,Multiple sources,2021-06-11,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/vessel-image-was-actually-built-2019,Image shows recently made vessel by Sri Lankan engineers,2021-06-06,factcheck_afp,,"In June 2021, Sri Lankan Facebook users shared an image of a ship they claimed was built ""a few days ago"". But the claim is misleading: the ship in the photograph was actually built and delivered to a Japanese company in 2019.The image of the ship was shared in this post published on June 6, 2021.The Sinhala text superimposed on the image reads: “How’s the biggest ship made in Sri Lanka that impressed even the Japanese? How does it look -- the biggest ship made a few days ago in Sri Lanka with 100 percent knowledge from local engineers? Within a matter of about 21 months, this ship was produced under the request of a Japanese company.” Screenshot of the Facebook post captured on June 7,2021 The same image and claim were shared on Facebook such as here, here and here.However, the claim is misleading.The ship was not built recently -- manufacturing began in Sri Lanka in 2017 and was completed in 2019.A Google keyword search found this article published by Sri Lanka’s leading shipbuilding company, Colombo Dockyard PLC, on June 25, 2019.The article, titled “Colombo Dockyard delivers 'KDDI Cable Infinity' built for Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. Japan”, says in part: “Colombo Dockyard PLC (CDPLC) delivered the first ever modern Cable Laying Vessel built for Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. (KCS) Japan, on 21st June 2019 attended by a host of dignitaries. This is the biggest ever vessel, price-wise as well as length-wise, built by Colombo Dockyard in its illustrious journey of shipbuilding excellence and the first ever ship built ‘in its class’ from Sri Lanka to Japan.”The prototype of the ship that was unveiled at the event matches the image of the ship in the misleading Facebook posts. Below is a comparison between the photo of the model ship from the 2019 article (L) and the image of the ship in the misleading posts (R) with identical markings highlighted by AFP in yellow:  Comparison between the photo of the model ship from the 2019 article (L) and the image of the ship in the misleading posts (R) with identical markings highlighted by AFP in yellow:A keyword further search found this clip published on Colombo Dockyard’s official YouTube channel on August 16, 2019 that features the ship titled: ‘KDDI Cable Infinity Vessel’.Below is a screenshot comparison of the vessel in the YouTube video (L) and the image in the misleading Facebook posts (R): Multiple local media reports were published in 2019 regarding the production of the cable ship including here by Sri Lankan online newspaper ColomboPage and here by local news service EconomyNext.",,The vessel in the image was actually built in 2019,,,,,, +37,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-06-10,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/fabricated-tweet-falsely-claims-facebook-founder-had-dig-nigerian-leaders-health,Zuckerberg says Buhari needs medical check up,2021-06-01,factcheck_afp,,"A screenshot shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims to show a tweet from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg making derogatory comments about the health of Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari. In reality, the tweet was fabricated and Zuckerberg does not have a verified or active Twitter account.“The Nigerian president needs medical checkup he maybe suffering from the inability to think properly (sic),” reads the screenshot of the purported tweet, which was shared on Facebook here, here and here. A screenshot showing the fabricated tweet, taken on June 7, 2021Twitter ban in NigeriaThe tweet appeared after Nigeria’s government announced the indefinite suspension of Twitter on June 4, 2021. The move came in response to the platform deleting one of the president’s tweets for violating Twitter policy, as AFP reported here.The ban sparked international criticism. Joint statement on the Government of Nigeria’s announcement to suspend Twitter ⬇️ #TwitterBan We continue to advocate for the fundamental #HumanRights to freedom of speech and access to information, protected by #Nigeria’s constitution. https://t.co/T57glGUwin pic.twitter.com/sfXKV7Z3HZ — Canada in Nigeria (@CanHCNigeria) June 5, 2021Facebook has since also removed the same comments by Buhari but the Nigerian government has yet to take action against the social media network.Zuckerberg and TwitterThe tweet was fabricated and Zuckerberg has no verified Twitter account. Zuckerberg joined the platform in 2009 under the handle @finkd, not “@Markzuckerberg” as seen in the hoax screenshot. Since creating his account, the Facebook founder has tweeted only 19 times, with his last tweet dating back to January 2012. A screenshot taken on June 9, 2021, showing Zuckerberg's Twitter account and last tweetThough unverified, the account is followed by Google CEO Sundar Pichai, YouTube, Microsoft and Zuckerberg’s Facebook. @finkd is followed by Google CEO, YouTube, Microsoft and Facebook itselfIn 2009, Zuckerberg was reported to have maintained a private account with the handle @zuck which sent no public tweet until it was deactivated. He rejoined Twitter in March 2009 with his current handle, although the account is dormant today. Business Insider reported that Zuckerberg followed only one person in 2019. Zuckerberg used these accounts around the time he was looking to buy Twitter but the deal failed.None of Zuckerberg’s 19 tweets mention Nigeria or Buhari, who was elected in 2015, three years after Zuckerberg last tweeted. There is also no evidence that Zuckerberg has tweeted at all in 2021.According to the fabricated screenshot, the tweet has been retweeted 2.6 million times and liked 3.7 million times. If this was the case, it would be one of the most shared tweets in Twitter history. Wikipedia keeps a list of the most retweeted tweets in history and according to the list, the tweet does not exist.Tweets are easily fabricatedIt is difficult to prove a tweet once existed after it has been deleted unless it was archived on websites like Wayback Machine. The New York Times created a database of all tweets posted by former US president Donald Trump, while Factbase saved all his deleted tweets here. Tweets can also easily be doctored. For example, TweetGen is a website that can be used to generate tweets of choice with pictures and timestamps to make them look real, as shown in the example below: An image of a fabricated tweet made by AFP Fact CheckFacebook is yet to reply to AFP Fact Check’s request for comment.",,Fabricated tweet falsely claims Facebook founder had dig at Nigerian leader’s health,,,,,, +38,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-06-10,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/false-reasons-refuse-covid-19-vaccines-circulate-online,Eight reasons not to get vaccinated against Covid-19,2021-05-29,factcheck_afp,,"As South Korea races to speed up its Covid-19 vaccine roll-out, posts emerged on social media sharing a list of “reasons” not to get the jab. The claims are false: AFP has previously debunked all purported reasons cited in the misleading posts, including claims that coronavirus vaccines have not been tested on animals or that their ingredients have not been published by pharmaceutical companies.The claim was shared here on South Korean blogging platform Naver Blog on May 29, 2021.The Korean-language post reads: “I met with a prominent professor of biotechnology. He’s currently working at a university in Boston, USA. We talked about the current Covid-19 situation.“Since he is afraid of being called a conspiracy theorist, he didn’t want to identify himself. But I’m sharing what I heard because it might be helpful to you.” Screenshot of the misleading Naver Blog post, taken on June 4, 2021.The post lists “eight reasons not to get vaccinated”:1) mRNA technology lacks a track record of studies;2) There is no scientific evidence that Covid-19 vaccines can protect people;3) The virus’s spike protein sheds and reproduces itself;4) The body will become a factory to produce spike protein;5) Covid-19 vaccines were not tested on animals;6) Vaccine makers did not reveal the ingredients of their products;7) Doctors are afraid of reporting adverse events in case of retaliation from drug companies; and8) PCR tests are not scientifically reliable.The same list has been shared on Facebook here and here; on Naver Blog here and here; and on Daum Blog here.The claim surfaced as South Korea raced to beef up its coronavirus vaccine roll-out, with authorities pledging to inoculate 13 million people with their first dose by the end of June.While South Korea was held up as a model in handling the pandemic, the government has faced criticism for an initially sluggish vaccination campaign compared with other developed countries.However, the claims are false. AFP has previously debunked all purported reasons cited in the misleading posts.mRNA technologyMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, like the ones developed by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, deliver genetic instructions to produce the viral proteins needed to provoke a safe but robust offensive against the coronavirus.While no mRNA vaccine had ever been approved for humans before the pandemic, the technology has been in the making for years.“mRNA vaccines have been studied before for flu, Zika, rabies, and cytomegalovirus (CMV),” the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on its website on March 4, 2021.“As soon as the necessary information about the virus that causes COVID-19 was available, scientists began designing the mRNA instructions for cells to build the unique spike protein into an mRNA vaccine.”The CDC said mRNA vaccines have been held to the same standards as all other types of vaccines in the United States.Covid-19 vaccine efficacyInternational health experts recommend taking the vaccine to build immunity against SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes Covid-19. “Studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are effective at keeping you from getting COVID-19. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine will also help keep you from getting seriously ill even if you do get COVID-19,” the World Health Organization (WHO) said on October 28, 2020.Scientists are still learning how well vaccines prevent the transmission of the virus, although “early data show that vaccines help keep people with no symptoms from spreading COVID-19,” the CDC said.Spike proteinsHealth experts said there is no shedding of the virus’s spike protein -- which the vaccine makes inside the body to elicit an immune response -- when people receive a Covid-19 jab.Dasantila Golemi-Kotra, a microbiologist at Canada’s York University said that “no spike protein gets shed when we get vaccinated.”“Even if the spike protein was shedding, although impossible, this protein cannot infect someone else,” she told AFP in April 2021. Barry Pakes, assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, also explained in April 2021 that “there is absolutely no evidence whatsoever of shedding of spike protein in vaccinated individuals, nor is it even theoretically possible.”Scientists said that mRNA from vaccines was quickly degraded in the body.“There is no doubt that after a very short period of time, after it has created antigens [proteins] which in turn lead to antibodies, the RNA from the vaccine is destroyed,” French geneticist Axel Kahn told AFP in December 2020.Animal testsIn the US, three Covid-19 vaccines have been authorised for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): one from Pfizer-BioNtech, another from Moderna and a third from Johnson & Johnson.All three companies disclosed the results of trials on non-human subjects. The vaccines caused an immune response that protected animals against a SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes Covid-19.Vaccine ingredientsIngredients of four major Covid-19 vaccines are available to check on the websites of either manufacturers or health authorities: Oxford–AstraZeneca, Pfizer–BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson and Moderna.Reporting adverse eventsVaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a tool to report adverse events from vaccination. It is a passive reporting system, meaning it relies on individuals to send in reports of their experiences, according to the system’s official website.“Anyone can submit a report to VAERS, including parents and patients,” it reads. In particular, healthcare providers are required by law to report adverse events; regardless of whether the vaccine is thought to have caused the adverse event.PCR testsA PCR test diagnoses people who are currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes Covid-19.The test, which involves collecting a swab sample from a person’s nose or throat, is considered the most accurate and reliable test for Covid-19, according to Cleveland Clinic,  a nonprofit American academic medical centre based in Cleveland, Ohio.AFP has debunked hundreds of false claims about vaccines and the pandemic, which are available here.",,False ‘reasons’ to refuse Covid-19 vaccines circulate online,,,,,, +39,1,1,5,False,,2021-06-09,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/digital-effects-image-misrepresented-online-actual-photo-himalayas-space,Actual photo of the Himalayas taken from the International Space Station,2021-06-03,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook and Twitter posts have shared an image that they claim shows an actual photograph of the Himalayas shot from the International Space Station. But the claim is false: the image is not an actual photograph and was in fact created using digital effects software.The image was posted June 3, 2021 by an India-based user here in a public Facebook group called ‘Mysterious Facts’. The misleading post’s caption says: “The Himalayas from the International Space Station”. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on June 4, 2021.The same image and claim have been widely shared online, for example on Facebook here, here and here; on Twitter here and here in English, and here in Spanish; and on 9GAG here since 2020.But the claim is false.The image is actually computer-generated and was created by graphic designer Christoph Hormann using digital effects technology. A Google reverse image search found the same image on Hormann’s website where prints of his work are available for purchase.Hormann’s website states he produces “illustrations of geographic contexts in the best possible quality”.The misleading posts have rotated the original image created by Hormann 90 degrees clockwise and cropped out the credits.  Screenshots comparing the original image and the image in the misleading post. Taken June 4, 2021.Further keyword searches found the image was also shared here with the correct caption by Science Photo Library, a stock photography website.Its caption reads in part: “This image was created by Christoph Hormann using data obtained from satellites such as Landsat and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission).“The data was processed into computer models using three-dimensional rendering software and then coloured and distorted to mimic the natural curvature of the Earth.”Actual photographs taken from the ISS of the Himalayas and other places on Earth, can be found on NASA’s official website.",,Digital effects image misrepresented online as actual photo of the Himalayas from space,,,,,, +40,5,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ4QH-3,Passengers protest as ruling PTI ministers cause flight delay in Pakistan,2021-07-23,factcheck_afp,,"A video of angry passengers at an airport has been shared in social media posts that claim they were arguing with ministers from Pakistan's ruling PTI party after their flight was ""delayed for four hours"" to wait for them. The claim is false; the video has circulated online in reports about passengers blaming civil aviation officials for a delayed flight in July 2018, shortly before the PTI came to power.""The PIA flight from Islamabad to Skardu was delayed for four hours while waiting for a few ministers of PTI and their families. Watch and listen to what an American-settled family told the minister when he arrived at the airport,"" reads an Urdu-language Facebook post from July 23.PIA refers to Pakistan International Airlines, while PTI refers to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, the country's ruling party.The video, viewed more than 190,000 times, shows a woman arguing with a group of men in suits at an airport lounge.""You walk over the people who have given you the rank and status, this is shameful,"" she says. ""We have missed our flights due to this delay"". Other passengers chant ""shame, shame"". A screenshot taken on July 26, 2021 of the misleading Facebook post ( AFP)Similar posts were shared here, here and here on Facebook and here, here and here on Twitter.The posts sparked criticism from social media users.""Very disappointed by PTI's governance,"" one person commented.However, the claim is false. This video does not show an altercation between passengers and PTI ministers, but between passengers and the civil aviation officials in 2018.A reverse image search on Google found the same video published on July 19, 2018 here on YouTube, titled: ""PIA Flight delayed from Islamabad to skardu"".Below is a screenshots comparison of the video posted in July 2018 (L) and the video in the recent misleading posts (R): A screenshots comparison of the video posted in July 2018 (L) and the video in the recent misleading posts (R): ( AFP)Pakistani newspaper The Nation also included a similar image in this report on passengers protesting a delayed flight on July 17, 2018 at Skardu airport, alleging that the airline management had sacrificed customers’ rights to favour top Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) officials with a ""joyride"".Below is a screenshot comparison of the video posted in the misleading posts (L) and the image published on The Nation (R): Screenshot comparison of the video posted in the misleading posts (L) and the image published on The Nation (R):Dawn newspaper reported the same incident here on July 18, 2018.At that time, Pakistan was under a caretaker government awaiting elections on July 25, 2018. PTI came to power in August 2018 and had no federal or provincial ministers when the video in the misleading posts started to circulate in July.The swearing-in of Prime Minister Imran Khan, the founder and the Chairman of PTI, was reported by AFP here on August 18, 2018.",,Old video of passengers protesting delayed flight in Pakistan misleads on social media,,,,,, +41,2,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GM4T3-1,Pakistan opposition party supporters in police van during recent elections,2021-07-25,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook and Twitter posts in Pakistan purport to show a photo of supporters of an opposition party travelling in a police vehicle during recent provincial elections in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The claim is misleading: the image is from 2018 and shows party supporters in the capital Islamabad during national elections that year.The image was posted here on Facebook on July 25, 2021. “It’s Raja Farooq’s government and the police are fully supporting the N-League. The Election Commission in the Kashmir elections is sleeping with its eyes closed,” reads the post’s Urdu-language caption.Raja Farooq Haider Khan is a member of the opposition Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) party and the Prime Minister of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, known locally as Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK) province. The image shows people travelling in a police van while waving a PML-N flag. Screenshot of the image with the misleading caption. Taken on July 27, 2021. ( AFP / ) The province -- which follows a separate electoral process from the rest of Pakistan -- held its polls on July 25, which were won by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) party.Several users appeared to believe the photo was from the recent AJK elections. One wrote in Urdu: “The League supporters will achieve nothing, we’ve visited all of Kashmir. Allah willing, PTI will win” while another wrote in an Urdu transliteration: “In Pakistan, the police supports PTI against the TLP. They supported the N-League here, so what?”The photo was shared with similar claims on Facebook here and here; and on Twitter here, here and here.However, the posts are misleading. The image shows PML-N supporters in the nation’s capital Islamabad during the national elections in 2018.A reverse image search found the same photo posted here in a report by local media outlet Dawn News in 2018. The first paragraph of the report reads: “ISLAMABAD: Taking advantage of police leniency, workers from the PML-N used official police vans to escort former prime minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi during a campaign rally on Thursday.”Below is a screenshot comparing the image in the misleading posts (L) with the one from Dawn News (R). The word ‘Islamabad’ can also be seen on the license plates in both images and has been circled in red by AFP: Screenshot comparing the photo in the misleading post (L) with the one from Dawn News (R). Taken on July 27, 2021. ( AFP / )",,"This is an old image showing Pakistan's national elections in 2018, not the recent poll in Kashmir",,,,,, +42,1,1,5,False,එක රටක්,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GE8QL-1,Union leader slams Sri Lankan government for buying Covid-19 vaccines,2021-07-22,factcheck_afp,,"A photo collage has been shared in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows a news report where a union leader purportedly criticised the government for procuring Covid-19 vaccines instead of paying teachers' salaries. But the claim is false: the photos in the collage have been doctored to add fabricated remarks into an original report that aired before the wide availability of Covid-19 vaccines in the country.The photo collage was shared more than 300 times here on Facebook on July 22, 2021.It shows screenshots of a purported television news interview with Sri Lankan teachers union leader Joseph Stalin.The image at the top features a Sinhala-language news ticker that states: ""There is money to bring the vaccine"".The image at the bottom states: ""but no money to increase salaries of teachers"".Both images feature the logo of local media organisation Hiru TV.The post's caption translates as: ""Typical petty JVP-er"". Screenshot of the misleading post captured on July 23, 2021 ( Lakna PARANAMANNA)""JVP"" is an acronym for the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna political opposition party in Sri Lanka.The post circulated online the same day teachers staged a protest in the capital Colombo demanding higher wages.An identical photo collage was also shared alongside a similar claim on Facebook here and here. The claim however is false: the photos in the collage had been doctored.Keyword searches found the photos were taken from this video uploaded on Facebook on June 16, 2020.The video's caption states: ""A silent protest was staged with the participation of trade unions, community organizations today (16) at the Colombo Lipton Circus, expressing objection to the inhumane attack by the government on the protest staged by the Front Line Socialist party.""The protestors called upon the government to halt attempts to curtail freedom of speech, assembly and to protest. A large crowd attended this protest.""The purported remarks made by Stalin about Covid-19 vaccines had been digitally inserted onto the screenshots, along with the Hiru TV logo.Below is a screenshot comparison of the doctored photos (L) and the original news report (R):   The video circulated online months before Sri Lanka began its Covid-19 vaccination program on January 29, 2021 as reported here by the state-run Rupavahini Sinhala News.News telecasts aired noon, evening and late night by Hiru TV on July 22 -- the day the misleading posts started being shared online -- also do not show Stalin criticising the government for procuring Covid-19 vaccines.In response to the misleading posts, Stalin told AFP on July 26: ""I have not said such a thing... I have been lobbying for the teachers and other professionals in the education sector to be vaccinated before local school terms start.""",,Doctored collage falsely claims union leader slammed Sri Lanka's government for buying Covid-19 vaccines,,,,,, +43,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF67H-1,Construction of sea link bridge in Mumbai took place under Modi government,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"Politicians from India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) claimed that the country's first ""sea bridge"", the 5.6-kilometre (3.5-mile) Bandra-Worli Sea Link in Mumbai, was built under the rule of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The claim is false: work on the landmark bridge began a decade before Modi took office, and it was inaugurated in 2009, when the Indian National Congress was in power. ""This is not a US-France London bridge, this is Mumbai's Bandra bridge. Under Modi's leadership, my India is moving forward and defining new ways of development through its actions and resolutions,"" reads a Hindi-language Facebook post published on July 16 by BJP worker Pankaj Awasthi.""Today, my India is setting new records of development under the leadership of respected Prime Minister Narendra Modi. There are thousands of such projects and far-reaching policies, there are thousands of such achievements with Bharatiya Janata Party, which have been attained under the leadership of Modi. We will bring these works and achievements to more and more people and so form the BJP government again!""The Bandra-Worli Sea Link is located in India's financial capital Mumbai, a city controlled by opposition parties. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 26, 2021  BJP district ministers Munnaram Suthar and Ghanshyam Kumar also shared the claim, which was picked up by Facebook users, including here and here. However, the claim is false.AFP ran a Google keyword search and found various news reports on the opening of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link, an eight-lane freeway designed to cut the journey time between the eponymous Mumbai suburbs and ease congestion in the Indian financial capital's notoriously choked roads.The landmark bridge was inaugurated on June 30, 2009 by Sonia Gandhi, party chief of the then-ruling Indian National Congress, the Times of India and Hindustan Times reported. The bridge, also known as the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link, was named after her late husband, who was noted for promoting technology during his time as prime minister. The freeway was first commissioned in 2000 but work was held up until 2004 because of litigation and protests from the local fishing community.In 2000, the BJP's Atal Bihari Vajpayee was prime minister. When work commenced in October 2004, Manmohan Singh from the Indian National Congress (INC) was in power, and still held office when the bridge was officially opened in June 2009.Narendra Modi became prime minister in May 2014.AFP has previously debunked misinformation shared by BJP politicians, including a photo of a garbage-filled river in the Philippines which party members falsely claimed was taken in Mumbai, and misleading posts attributing a string of crises in Delhi to the chief minister.",,BJP politicians falsely claim PM Modi built landmark Mumbai bridge,,,,,, +44,1,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF7PU-1,This photo shows a political rally for Asaduddin Owaisi in India,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared hundreds of times in multiple social media posts that claim it shows a large rally for an Indian Muslim politician during the pandemic. The claim is false: the photo shows an Islamic procession in Bangladesh in 2019.The image was shared in a Hindi-language tweet posted on July 19.The caption translates to English as: ""Huge crowd of a specific community gathered in UP’s Moradabad in Asaduddin Owaisi’s rally and here we are, entangled over BJP, BSP and SP. You people too should stop being in any delusion and think about your future"".""UP"" refers to India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh.Asaduddin Owaisi is leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) party and member of parliament for Hyderabad in India's southern Telangana state. A screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 25, 2021The post emerged online after speculation about the AIMIM teaming up with other parties in a bid to defeat the ruling BJP in Uttar Pradesh's upcoming assembly elections in February 2022. The post also misleadingly suggests India's Muslims are permitted to gather for certain political events, while Hindus have been banned from gathering for religious festivals.The photo was posted with a similar claim here, here, and here on Facebook. However, the claim is false.A reverse image search on Google found the photo was published in this Facebook post on November 26, 2019. It was uploaded by photographer Faisal bin Latif in a post about a religious procession in the Bangladeshi city of Chattogram. A photo of the event shared by Faisal bin Latif on 26 November, 2019He also uploaded an album of photos showing the same event on photo-sharing website Flickr.The album's title reads: ""Jashney Julus, Miladunnabi, November 2019.”AFP found a similar video here on a Bengali-language YouTube channel showing a scene that corresponds with the image in the misleading posts.The video's title states that it shows the Miladun Nabi procession in Chattogram in November 2019.Miladun Nabi is an Islamic festival observed by Muslims as Prophet Mohammed’s birthday according to the Islamic calendar.In 2019, the festival was celebrated on November 10 in Bangladesh. Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube video's one-minute 17-second mark (R): Comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube videoThe same procession was also reported by Bengali news website Banglanews24.com on November 10, 2019.AFP found a similar structure pictured in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R): Similarity between the image in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R) snapshotAFP previously debunked posts sharing the same photo alongside a claim they showed the funeral procession of photojournalist Danish Siddiqui, who was killed while covering fighting between Afghan security forces and the Taliban.",,Bangladesh religious procession image shared in false posts about Indian political rally,,,,,, +45,5,1,5,Altered image,Multiple,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9G82NF-1,Photo shows Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell,2021-07-22,factcheck_afp,,"An image purporting to show detained Burmese leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell has been shared tens of thousands of times on Facebook. The claim is false; the image, originally published on online library Wikimedia Commons in 2013, has been doctored to add Suu Kyi’s face.The image was shared here on Facebook on July 22, 2021 which has been shared more than 17,000 times. The post’s caption in Bengali reads: ""No one's power lasts forever.""The image appears to show Myanmar's detained leader Aung San Suu Kyi dressed in orange overalls and looking out from a prison cell.Aung San Suu Kyi is the leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD) party which claimed an overwhelming victory in the second parliamentary election in November 2020, only to be ousted by the Myanmar junta in a coup on February 1, 2021.Suu Kyi, along with senior party leaders, was detained instantly by the military. She is now facing a series of charges against her including corruption and violating the State Secrets Act, AFP reported here.The image was also shared here and here on Facebook.However, the image has been doctored from a photo created in 2013 which does not feature Suu Kyi.A reverse image search found the original photo was published here on Wikimedia Commons, dated back to July 12, 2013 with photo credit to Officer Bimblebury.The photo caption reads: ""A female prisoner living inside her tiny prison cell. The cell provides the inmate with a toilet and a bed, as well as bars to protect her from the outside elements. The cell is designed for the comfort and benefit of the prisoner as well as the public."" Wikimedia Commons is a project of Wikimedia Foundation which provides free-use images, sounds and other media.Below is a screenshot of the image in the misleading Facebook post (L) and the original photo on Wikimedia Commons (R): ( Qadaruddin SHISHIR)Metadata information of the original photo on digital verification tool InVID-WeVerify also shows the image was last modified on July 12, 2013. A screenshot of the metadata information of the original photo on InVID-WeVerify, taken on July 26, 2021.",,Doctored photo does not show Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell,,,,,, +46,1,1,5,False,Multiple resources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GB8VH-5,"Video of demonstration in Cuba, 2021",2021-07-19,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts from around the world have shared footage of what they claim shows anti-government protests in Cuba. The claim is false: the video actually shows an anti-government protest in Haiti in 2019.""Cuba today,"" reads a traditional Chinese-language tweet posted on July 17. The video has been viewed more than 60,000 times. Screenshot taken on July 26, 2021, of the misleading Twitter post ( AFP)Thousands of Cubans joined rare anti-government protests on July 11, as the country faced its toughest phase yet of the coronavirus epidemic.The footage has been shared in various languages alongside similar claims, including Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian.The claim is false.A reverse image search of keyframes from the footage, using the InVid-WeVerify tool, found the same video posted in this tweet from Russian media outlet Redfish.It states the footage shows protesters in Haiti on October 13, 2019. Tens of thousands of protesters have taken to the streets of Haiti against the government and the IMF. pic.twitter.com/X7hPiJ6QYc — redfish (@redfishstream) October 14, 2019 An advanced Twitter search found the same video posted on the same day here, here and here in tweets about protests in Haiti.The video was also tweeted by journalist Sandra Lemaire from Voice of America (VOA) on October 13, 2019.She credited the footage to VOA Haiti correspondent Alexandre Joram, VOA correspondent.A search of VOA's Instagram page in Haiti, VOA Kreyòl, found the same sequence published on October 13, 2019.The post says the video shows a ""Haitian artists"" march and credits the footage to Alexandre Joran.           View this post on Instagram                       A post shared by VOA Creole (@voakreyol) Thousands of Haitians marched on October 13, 2019 to demand the resignation of demonstration then-president Jovenel Moise.Anti-government demonstrations paralysed daily life across much of Haiti from September to December 2019, with anger at Moise -- whose victory in the November 2016 election was rejected by the opposition -- boiling over due to a national fuel shortage.Moise's assassination on July 7, 2021 plunged the impoverished Caribbean nation in crisis. AFP debunked various false reports about the incident here and here.",,This video shows demonstrators in Haiti in 2019 -- not Cuba in 2021,,,,,, +47,1,1,5,False,Hal Turner Radio Show,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ3LG-1,French president's entire security force resigned,2021-07-24,factcheck_afp,,"A French member of parliament and an American radio host claimed that Emmanuel Macron's entire security detail resigned to protest the French president's initiative imposing health passes to participate in many aspects of public life. This is false; the Republican Guard did not resign, and it is tasked with presidential palace security, not his direct physical safety.""Protective Detail of France President ALL Resign over COVID Restrictions; will no longer protect President Macron,"" reads the headline of a July 24, 2021 article on the website of the Hal Turner Radio Show, a conspiracy-oriented program AFP has fact-checked before. Below the headline, a photo shows members of the Garde Républicaine, or Republican Guard, an elite French army corps tasked with special missions. Screenshot of an online article taken on July 26, 2021""The Republican Guard, a security detail established to protect the President of France, have ALL resigned, and will no longer protect President Macron!"" the article says of the 2,800-strong force.The Covid-19 restrictions mentioned in the headline refer to a decree by Macron that required proof of Covid-19 vaccination or a negative test to be able to attend events or enter places with more than 50 people. The ""health pass"" will be extended to restaurants, cafes and shopping centers in August. This was formalized into law by the country's parliament on July 25, 2021, despite widespread protests against it.However, the Republican Guard did not resign in relation to this law, and is not tasked with the French president's immediate physical safety.The unit responsible for direct personal protection of the French head of state is the Groupe de sécurité de la présidence de la République, whose members hail from both the police and the Gendarmerie.The Republican Guard is a French army unit tasked with ""public safety missions and protocol representation,"" according to its official webpage. Its members are not in charge of the direct safety of the French president like the US Secret Service, but they indirectly play this role by ensuring the security of the Elysee Palace, where the president lives. A spokesperson for the Gendarmerie told AFP on July 26, 2021 that the Republican Guard ""is still"" performing its palace duties. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French army tasked with law enforcement roles, to which the Republican Guard answers. On social media, neither the Garde Républicaine nor the Gendarmerie, nor any French media, mentioned a mass resignation of the force's members.The false claims regarding the Republican Guard began when Martine Wonner, an independent member of parliament in France, claimed in a video that the force no longer wished to protect Macron.Wonner is a Covid-skeptic who was part of the government's party before she was ousted due to her controversial stances.She also faced calls from her opposition party to quit that group after she urged people to lay siege to MPs who approved the health pass.Before the vaccine passport law can be applied, it must be approved by France's highest administrative authority, the Constitutional Council, which will vote on it on August 5.",,French president's security detail did not resign over Covid-19 bill,,,,,, +48,1,1,5,False,Various sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP6FY-3,Chinese President Xi Jinping asks for Indonesian's Kalimantan island as 'debt collateral',2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"A video of Chinese President Xi Jinping giving a speech has been viewed hundreds of thousands of times on TikTok, Facebook and YouTube, with a claim that it shows Xi is demanding Indonesia's Kalimantan region as a ""debt collateral"". The claim is false: the Indonesian subtitles in the video do not match Xi’s actual speech. The video in fact shows Xi speaking at the Indonesian parliament in 2013; the Chinese leader did not mention about Kalimantan nor any debt collateral in his speech. The video was posted on TikTok here on July 15, 2021, and has been viewed more than 8,000 times.The video shows Chinese President Xi Jinping giving a speech in Mandarin, with Indonesian-language subtitles that read: ""In this visit, I want to ask President Jokowi Dodo to pay his country's debt to China"",  referring to Indonesian President Joko Widodo, popularly known as Jokowi.The subtitles then read: ""In an agreed timeline in the memorandum of agreement that we have made together in the investment contract ""China to Indonesia in Jokowi Dodo's victory in the last election and infrastructure building capital. If not, then we in the name of the Chinese government's authority will seize Kalimantan island as the debt collateral to the Chinese government. We will not hesitate to use force in this matter!!!""The post's caption and the superimposed text on the clip read: ""Hoax or fact??? China wants to take over Kalimantan island as Indonesia's debt collateral.""  Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 19, 2021Kalimantan refers to the Indonesian-controlled parts of Borneo island; the rest of the island belong to Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. China is the second biggest foreign investor in Indonesia. Indonesia's debt to China stands at around $21.47 billion, according to the latest data published by Bank Indonesia, the Indonesian central bank, and the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, making China the fourth largest holder of Indonesia's foreign debts. The clip has been viewed more than 208,000 times after it appeared with a similar claim on YouTube here, here and here; and on Facebook here, here and here.However, the claim is false.A keyword search on Google found the original video of Xi's speech was posted here on the YouTube channel of China's state broadcaster CGTN on October 3, 2013, titled ""President Xi Jinping delivers speech at Indonesia parliament."" The news anchor in the video said in the first few seconds of the broadcast: ""This, of course, is a historic moment for diplomacy between Jakarta and Beijing because Xi Jinping becomes the first-ever foreign leader — not just the first Chinese leader, but the first-ever foreign leader to address politicians inside the Indonesian parliament"".The misleading video corresponds to the CGTN video from the 21:44 mark, where Xi says: ""President Susilo and I have jointly announced our decision to upgrade our bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership, with a view to building on past achievements and bringing about all-round and in-depth growth of our relationship.""President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was in office from 2004 to 2014. He was succeeded by Jokowi, who was sworn in on October 20, 2014. The subtitles in the misleading video do not match Xi's actual speech.The full transcript of Xi's speech, published by China Daily, the state-owned English newspaper, here, shows he did not mention any debt collateral nor Kalimantan.Below are screenshot comparisons between the misleading clip (L) and the CGTN video (R): Screenshot comparisons of the clip in the misleading post (L) and the CGTN video (R)Xi's speech to the Indonesian's parliament in 2013 was also reported by Indonesian media outlets, such as Kompas and Detik.com.",,This video does not show Chinese president demanding Indonesia's island as 'debt collateral',,,,,, +49,1,1,5,False,juanli324,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH4XQ-1,"Cuban President announced his resignation on July 17, 2021.",2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"After thousands of Cubans marched in anti-government protests, Chinese-language social media posts claimed that President Miguel Diaz-Canel announced he would resign in a televised broadcast on July 17. The claim is false: Diaz-Canel criticised what he said was a ""false narrative"" of the unrest, but did not say he would step down. As of July 26, 2021, he was still serving as Cuba's president. ""This morning (July 17) Havana Time, the Community Party of Cuban's president and first secretary Miguel Diaz-Canel announced in a televised broadcast: Resigned from public office and party leadership,"" reads a traditional Chinese-language tweet posted on July 18.""Full launch of political deepening and economic reforms, new foreign relations policy, free elections in the country, and participation of the Cuban Communist Party in the election of congressmen as a political party. This means Cuba has been released from its one-party dictatorship."" A screenshot, taken on July 21, 2021, of the misleading post. ( AFP)In mid-July 2021, thousands of Cubans joined anti-government protests in 40 cities. AFP reported on the unrest here.A similar claim was shared on Facebook here and here and on Twitter here and here.The claim is, however, false. A keyword search on Google found a transcript of Diaz-Canel's speech on July 17.It was published here on the president's official site.  A screenshot, taken on July 26, 2021, of the Cuba President's speech transcript. ( AFP)At the rally, he decried what he said was the dissemination of ""false images"" on social networks that ""glorify the outrage and destruction of property."" ""What the world is seeing of Cuba is a lie,"" he saidDiaz-Canel did not announce he would resign from office. As of July 26, he remained in power. AFP found no credible news reports about his purported resignation.",,Cuban president did not 'announce resignation' immediately after anti-government protests,,,,,, +50,1,1,5,Altered Image,Multiple sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP4T6-1,Aam Admi Party billboard says,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"An image of a billboard advert from an Indian opposition party that purports to include a pro-Muslim message has been shared repeatedly in multiple Facebook posts. The image, however, has been doctored from a photo of a billboard that displayed a different message. The misleading image was shared here in a Facebook group with more than 250,000 followers.It purports to show a billboard advertisement from India's opposition Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).The advert appears to read: ""Gujarat will read Namaz. Quit useless traditions like Bhagwat Gita week and Satyanarayan Katha."" Screenshot of post with morphed image taken on July 23, 2021.Namaz is a form of prayer performed by the Muslim community.The Bhagavad Gita and the Satyanarayan Katha are Hindu religious texts. The post's Hindi-language caption translates to English as: ""Watch the disgusting election campaign of the Aam Aadmi Party in Gujarat... The board reads in Gujarati, - 'Gujarat will read Namaz. Quit unnecessary tendencies like Bhagavad Gita Week and Satyanarayan Katha.' ""The post circulated online as the AAP prepared for the 2022 state legislative assembly elections in Gujarat. The build-up to the elections was reported by Indian newspaper The Hindu here.India's ruling party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has maintained a stronghold over the state since 1995.The post was also shared on Facebook by several other accounts, for example here, here, here and here. However, the image of the billboard has been manipulated.The original image was published here and here on the official Twitter accounts of the AAP in Gujarat. Below is a comparison of the manipulated image in the Facebook posts (L) and the image of the billboard posted by the AAP (R):  On the original billboard, the text reads: ""Now Gujarat will change"".In the manipulated image, this was replaced with: ""Gujarat will read Namaz.""Text was added to the manipulated billboard's middle section.In the original image, Gujarat AAP president Gopal Italia appears on the left. He does not have a beard and can be seen wearing a different cap to the man pictured in the doctored image.The AAP debunked the manipulated billboard image in a Facebook post here. Screenshot of the post made by AAP on July 12, 2021. The post's caption reads: ""Another Fake News BustedRise of AAP in Gujarat is giving sleepless nights to BJP.""",,Image of Indian political party's billboard doctored to include pro-Muslim message,,,,,, +51,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL9QQ-1,Boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao took only three months to finish his bachelor’s degree,2021-06-24,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts in the Philippines claim boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao earned his university diploma in only three months, suggesting his degree was fraudulently conferred. The posts are misleading: an official from the University of Makati, where Pacquiao obtained a political science degree, said he finished the diploma in 16 months and that his government experience counted as academic credit. The misleading posts also misrepresent images related to Pacquiao's university attendance.""If only it was like this for everyone,"" reads a Tagalog-language tweet posted on June 24, 2021.The tweet features an illustration which claims Pacquiao enrolled at the University of Makati in September 2019 and then graduated three months later in December 2019.  Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 21, 2021Similar posts were shared on Facebook here, here and here.The posts prompted accusations from social media users that Pacquiao's degree was fraudulently conferred.""Bachelor of Science in most courses is 4 to 5 years schooling. . . . seems Pacquiao earned his degree by magic or in a diploma mill,"" one person commented.The post emerged following a public skirmish between Pacquiao and President Rodrigo Duterte over the latter's handling of the South China Sea dispute with Beijing.Until recently, Pacquiao was a high-profile backer of Duterte and his controversial drug war, which International Criminal Court prosecutors want to investigate for the alleged unlawful killing of possibly tens of thousands of people.However, the posts claiming Pacquiao earned his degree in three months are misleading.University degreeA spokesman for the University of Makati said that Pacquiao took a 16-month degree in political studies.""Per the certificate of registration from our registrar's office, [he enrolled in] July 2018,"" Elyxzur Ramos, vice president for academic affairs at the University of Makati, told AFP.""He took the modular program for 16 months, until November 2019. He graduated from this university in December [2019], which was our mid-year graduation.""The senator enrolled in the university’s College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Studies, where degrees count certain professional experience as academic credit, Ramos said.The political science degree that Pacquiao earned was designed for qualified Philippine government officials and can be completed in between six and 22 months, he added.The degree programme's launch in 2011 was reported by local media here and here; and announced on this local government website.Misrepresented imagesFurthermore, the images shared in the social media posts have been taken out of context.Reverse image searches and keyword searches found the first image was posted on Pacquiao’s official Facebook account on September 6, 2019.However, it does not indicate that the senator had only just enrolled, as the posts claim.""Never stop learning because life never stops teaching,"" the Facebook post reads. The second image, which shows Pacquiao's graduation, was taken from this report by broadcaster ABS-CBN on December 11, 2019.""Senator Manny Pacquiao with his family during his graduation from the course Bachelor of Arts in Political Science at the University of Makati this Wednesday,” the image's Tagalog-language caption reads.",,Social media posts mislead on boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao's university degree,,,,,, +52,1,1,5,False,Joe Biden,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR7KY-1,Vaccinated people won't get Covid-19,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"US President Joe Biden claimed during a CNN town hall that vaccinated people will not get Covid-19. This is false; despite the high efficacy of the shots, infections still occur among the fully vaccinated population, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says.""You're not gonna get Covid if you have these vaccinations,"" Biden said during the July 21, 2021 event, which came as the Covid-19 pandemic is again surging in the United States, propelled by the highly contagious Delta variant. US President Joe Biden (L) participates in a CNN Town Hall meeting hosted by Don Lemon (R) at Mount St. Joseph University in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 2021 ( AFP / Saul Loeb)But Biden's claim is inaccurate: the vaccines are very effective, but cases among vaccinated people are possible.The CDC said that as of July 12, it had received reports of 5,492 patients with Covid-19 ""breakthrough"" infections being hospitalized or dying, out of a total of more than 159 million fully vaccinated people in the United States.""Covid vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection and even more effective in preventing the serious illness that results in hospitalization and death,"" but no vaccine is 100 percent effective, Tom Skinner, senior public affairs officer at the CDC, told AFP on July 23. During a briefing at the White House on July 22, Press Secretary Jen Psaki addressed a reporter's question regarding the president's remarks on vaccination, saying that vaccinated people were ""largely protected.""""That was the point he was trying to make last night,"" she said.During the town hall, Biden urged Americans to get vaccinated. ""It's really kind of basic,"" he said, at a time when the US vaccination rate has significantly slowed.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.July 26, 2021 This story was updated to correct the spelling of exaggerated in the headline.",,Joe Biden exaggerated Covid-19 vaccine efficacy,,,,,, +53,1,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR69F-1,Publix supermarket chain will stop carrying Ben & Jerry's,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook posts feature an image of an announcement from US supermarket chain Publix saying it will no longer carry Ben & Jerry's because of the ice cream company's decision to stop sales in occupied Palestinian territories. This is false; Publix says it has not dropped Ben & Jerry's products, and made no such statement on its website or social media accounts. ""Due to the recent statement by Ben & Jerry's We will no longer be carrying their products, effective immediately! We stand with Israel!"" reads the text of an image in a July 20, 2021 Facebook post that appears to show a Publix announcement. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 23, 2021The post, which was apparently first published on a private account, was shared as a screenshot in several Facebook groups, and by a UK page supporting Israel's Likud party. Others shared the image on Twitter.The purported announcement circulated on social media following Ben & Jerry's July 19 statement saying it would stop selling its products in the Israel-occupied Palestinian territories, namely the West Bank and East Jerusalem, because doing so is ""inconsistent with our values."" The move prompted a backlash in Israel and parts of the US.However, Publix -- which did not respond to AFP's requests for comment by the time of publication -- says it does not plan to remove Ben & Jerry's products.""While we currently don't plan to remove Ben & Jerry's from our stores, we'll continue evaluating products based on sales,""  the company's customer service Twitter account @PublixHelps wrote in response to questions over the authenticity of the claim. Screenshot of a tweet taken on July 23, 2021Publix has also not announced on Twitter or on Facebook that it is ceasing sales of the company's ice cream, and its webpage dedicated to news releases makes no mention of Ben & Jerry's.Various Ben & Jerry's products are also still available on Publix's website.Public pressureThe fake announcement was shared as the company faces public pressure on Publix to ban Ben & Jerry's products from its stores. A petition on change.org asking Publix and Winn Dixie, another supermarket chain, to stop selling the ice cream, was signed by more than 450 people at the time of publication.A search for the words ""Publix Israel"" on social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle also shows that a Facebook account shared a message encouraging people to email Publix CEO Todd Jones about Ben & Jerry's in at least 10 different groups related to Florida, where the supermarket chain is headquartered. Screenshot of a CrowdTangle search for ""Publix Israel"" taken on July 23, 2021On July 20, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett warned consumer goods giant Unilever, of which Ben & Jerry's is a subsidiary, that the decision would have ""severe consequences."" The Israeli government has for years been fighting a BDS movement, which calls for boycott, divestment and sanction of the Jewish state over its policies toward Palestinians.",,Fake announcement says US supermarket chain dropping Ben & Jerry's products,,,,,, From a3423f9d22ce96ccf0cf1abe16bfdb5a8295a484 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Wed, 28 Jul 2021 17:21:06 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 12/13] #16 update paths and move files to correct folder --- Exporter.py | 4 +- claim_extractor/extractors/__init__.py | 2 +- failed/test.txt | 0 output_got.csv | 83 +++++++------------ .../output_sample_aap.csv | 0 .../output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv | 0 .../output_sample_africacheck.csv | 18 ++-- .../output_sample_checkyourfact.csv | 0 .../output_sample_fatabyyano.csv | 0 .../output_sample_fullfact.csv | 0 .../output_sample_politifact.csv | 0 .../output_sample_snopes.csv | 0 .../output_sample_truthorfiction.csv | 0 .../output_sample_vishvasnews.csv | 0 14 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-) create mode 100644 failed/test.txt rename output_sample_aap.csv => samples/output_sample_aap.csv (100%) rename output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv => samples/output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv (100%) rename output_sample_africacheck.csv => samples/output_sample_africacheck.csv (95%) rename output_sample_checkyourfact.csv => samples/output_sample_checkyourfact.csv (100%) rename output_sample_fatabyyano.csv => samples/output_sample_fatabyyano.csv (100%) rename output_sample_fullfact.csv => samples/output_sample_fullfact.csv (100%) rename output_sample_politifact.csv => samples/output_sample_politifact.csv (100%) rename output_sample_snopes.csv => samples/output_sample_snopes.csv (100%) rename output_sample_truthorfiction.csv => samples/output_sample_truthorfiction.csv (100%) rename output_sample_vishvasnews.csv => samples/output_sample_vishvasnews.csv (100%) diff --git a/Exporter.py b/Exporter.py index 82e7e31..54522bb 100644 --- a/Exporter.py +++ b/Exporter.py @@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ def main(argv): if opt == '--maxclaims': criteria.maxClaims = int(arg) if criteria.website != "": - criteria.setOutputDev("output_dev_" + criteria.website + ".csv") - criteria.setOutputSample("output_sample_" + criteria.website + ".csv") + criteria.setOutputDev("samples/output_dev_" + criteria.website + ".csv") + criteria.setOutputSample("samples/output_sample_" + criteria.website + ".csv") if opt == '--annotation-api': criteria.annotator_uri = arg diff --git a/claim_extractor/extractors/__init__.py b/claim_extractor/extractors/__init__.py index ffcb82c..3ffcf81 100644 --- a/claim_extractor/extractors/__init__.py +++ b/claim_extractor/extractors/__init__.py @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def __init__(self, configuration: Configuration = Configuration(), ignore_urls: self.configuration = configuration self.ignore_urls = configuration.avoid_urls self.language = language - self.failed_log = open(self.__class__.__name__ + "_extraction_failed.log", "w") + self.failed_log = open("failed/" + self.__class__.__name__ + "_extraction_failed.log", "w") self.annotator = EntityFishingAnnotator(configuration.annotator_uri) def get_all_claims(self): diff --git a/failed/test.txt b/failed/test.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/output_got.csv b/output_got.csv index 9b3aa1d..d9b1b40 100644 --- a/output_got.csv +++ b/output_got.csv @@ -1,55 +1,28 @@ -,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links -0,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP3CE-1,Propolis throat spray treats coronavirus in the throat,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"As Thailand's healthcare system struggled to cope with surging Covid-19 cases in July, multiple Facebook posts claimed a brand of throat spray could ""contain the infection"". The posts are misleading: health experts say the throat spray has not been proven to treat or cure Covid-19. The posts also shared false claims about other home remedies that experts say do not treat or cure the virus.The claim was shared here on Facebook on July 20, 2021.The post has been shared more than 15,000 times.The post's Thai-language caption translates in part as: ""The coronavirus stays in the throat for four days, before it enters the lungs. During this time, we will have symptoms such as itchy throat, dry throat, coughing or sore throat, increased temperature, weakened respiratory system, and the loss of taste.""During this time, you should use lime, vinegar, salt, strong alcohol, and mix them with warm water to rinse your throat. Drink warm water or use propolis extract throat spray to help reduce and contain the infection."" ""Propolis"" refers to a substance obtained from beehives that appears to work against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.A throat spray containing the extract is commercially available in Thailand under the name Propoliz -- approved by the kingdom's Food and Drug Administration as a sore throat remedy.The misleading post circulated online as the kingdom endured its worst Covid-19 wave, with hospitals buckling under the pressure of record daily infections, AFP reported. Similar claims were also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here, and here. These posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Throat spray""There is not yet enough scientific evidence to use [propolis throat spray] for Covid-19 symptoms,"" Dr. Thira Woratanarat, an associate professor at the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine at Chulalongkorn University, told AFP on July 27.""The research requires more clinical trials.""While several studies have been conducted on the efficacy of propolis against Covid-19, they were done with small sample sizes, Dr. Thira said.""You have to be careful if they claim it has properties against Covid-19,"" he said.Jessada Denduangboripant, a professor at Chulalongkorn University's Department of Biology, told AFP that the claim propolis throat spray works against Covid-19 is ""an exaggeration"". ""Propolis is a natural substance which existed in beehives. It does not have enough power to treat Covid-19.""Home remediesAFP has previously debunked here, here and here claims that gargling various substances, drinking warm water or consuming alcohol can prevent or cure Covid-19 .The World Health Organization (WHO) states: ""If you have any symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, call your health care provider or COVID-19 hotline for instructions and find out when and where to get a test, stay at home for 14 days away from others and monitor your health.""If you have shortness of breath or pain or pressure in the chest, seek medical attention at a health facility immediately.""No evidenceThe claim that the coronavirus stays in the throat for four days is not supported by ""any evidence"", according to Dr. Thiravat Hemachudha, head of the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Center at Chulalongkorn University.""Each person's response to the infection is different that's why the severity of symptoms between us [is] not the same"", he told AFP.",,Thai social media users share misleading claim about 'Covid-19 throat spray',,,,,, -1,1,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF7PU-1,This photo shows a political rally for Asaduddin Owaisi in India,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared hundreds of times in multiple social media posts that claim it shows a large rally for an Indian Muslim politician during the pandemic. The claim is false: the photo shows an Islamic procession in Bangladesh in 2019.The image was shared in a Hindi-language tweet posted on July 19.The caption translates to English as: ""Huge crowd of a specific community gathered in UP’s Moradabad in Asaduddin Owaisi’s rally and here we are, entangled over BJP, BSP and SP. You people too should stop being in any delusion and think about your future"".""UP"" refers to India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh.Asaduddin Owaisi is leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) party and member of parliament for Hyderabad in India's southern Telangana state. A screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 25, 2021The post emerged online after speculation about the AIMIM teaming up with other parties in a bid to defeat the ruling BJP in Uttar Pradesh's upcoming assembly elections in February 2022. The post also misleadingly suggests India's Muslims are permitted to gather for certain political events, while Hindus have been banned from gathering for religious festivals.The photo was posted with a similar claim here, here, and here on Facebook. However, the claim is false.A reverse image search on Google found the photo was published in this Facebook post on November 26, 2019. It was uploaded by photographer Faisal bin Latif in a post about a religious procession in the Bangladeshi city of Chattogram. A photo of the event shared by Faisal bin Latif on 26 November, 2019He also uploaded an album of photos showing the same event on photo-sharing website Flickr.The album's title reads: ""Jashney Julus, Miladunnabi, November 2019.”AFP found a similar video here on a Bengali-language YouTube channel showing a scene that corresponds with the image in the misleading posts.The video's title states that it shows the Miladun Nabi procession in Chattogram in November 2019.Miladun Nabi is an Islamic festival observed by Muslims as Prophet Mohammed’s birthday according to the Islamic calendar.In 2019, the festival was celebrated on November 10 in Bangladesh. Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube video's one-minute 17-second mark (R): Comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube videoThe same procession was also reported by Bengali news website Banglanews24.com on November 10, 2019.AFP found a similar structure pictured in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R): Similarity between the image in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R) snapshotAFP previously debunked posts sharing the same photo alongside a claim they showed the funeral procession of photojournalist Danish Siddiqui, who was killed while covering fighting between Afghan security forces and the Taliban.",,Bangladesh religious procession image shared in false posts about Indian political rally,,,,,, -2,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F66BR-1,Consuming durian before or after Covid-19 vaccination can cause death,2021-06-22,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook users in Malaysia are sharing posts that warn against eating durian before or after receiving a Covid-19 jab because it can be ""fatal"". Some of the posts share a photo of a man who purportedly died a day after he was vaccinated because he ate the fruit. The claim is false. The Malaysian deputy health minister said the warning has no medical basis, while police told AFP a post-mortem examination found the man died from heart disease. The claim was shared on June 22, 2021, on Facebook here.The Chinese-language post reads: ""Tell family and friends not to eat durian before or after vaccination. The friend of a person in my garden was vaccinated, and died the next day after eating durian. It is necessary to know and better to be cautious. Life is precious, and it's a pity to lose life due to a moment of ignorance."" Screenshot of the misleading Facebook post taken on July 13, 2021The claim was also shared on Facebook in Chinese here and in Malaysian here.Some posts, including here, here and here, share a photo of a man wearing a pink T-shirt, claiming it shows the man who was vaccinated and purportedly died after consuming durian.However, the claims are false.""Medically speaking, no one has said that. Even in the medical books, it has never been raised that people should not eat durian after getting their vaccine. This is wrong,"" said Malaysian Deputy Health Minister Noor Azmi Ghazali, reported by local media here and here.Malaysia’s Ministry of Health (KKM) posted on June 23, 2021, rejecting the claim as ""false news"". Berita palsu. Jangan sebar atau berkongsi. pic.twitter.com/onVjuvhvy2 — KKMalaysia (@KKMPutrajaya) June 23, 2021 The statement was also shared on its official Facebook page here.The man in the photo was identified as Cheah Kum Seng , 49, who lost consciousness while buying food at a restaurant and was later pronounced dead at a hospital in Kuala Lumpur on June 21, 2021, according to local news reports here and here.In a media statement sent to AFP on July 26, 2021, Sentul district police chief, Assistant Commisioner Beh Eng Lai, said: ""A post-mortem examination was conducted on June 22, 2021, and the cause of death was 'ischemic heart disease'. The case is classified as sudden death.""",,Malaysian authorities rubbish posts linking 'Covid-19 vaccine death' to eating durian,,,,,, -3,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FM2DM-1,Make-A-Wish denies certain wishes to unvaccinated children,2021-06-28,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts shared in June 2021 claim a US charity that grants ""wishes"" to critically ill children will no longer reward them if they are unvaccinated against Covid-19. The claim is misleading: the posts shared an edited video from the charity's CEO in which he outlined vaccination requirements for rewards that involve air travel and large gatherings. The charity told AFP that its Covid-19 vaccine policy will not apply to children who have received an end-of-life prognosis.The misleading Facebook post about US charity Make-A-Wish was published here on June 28, 2021.""WE’VE [REACHED] A NEW LOW. I always wondered what level of madness was required before ordinary citizens would engage in ACTS OF PURE EVIL,"" the text below the image reads.""When Make-a-Wish forces terminally ill kids & their families to be injected with an experimental genetic agent otherwise they’ll discriminate against and refuse a dying child their last wish, even though the W.H.O recommends not injecting children - we have reached that point."" The post's caption reads: ""How low can humanity go?! Really low!! I recon (sic) there is lower tho (sic)...prove me wrong humans"". A screenshot of the post as of July 27, 2021.A YouTube video has been shared in the Facebook post.It is titled: ""Make-A-Wish will only grant certain wishes to fully vaccinated wish kids"". However, the video is no longer available on YouTube as the user's account has been terminated.Other instances of the claim appear on Facebook here and here, as well as on Twitter here and Telegram here.However, the claim is misleading.Edited videoA reverse image search of the archived version of the YouTube video in the misleading posts found this original video dated June 10, 2021.It features Make-A-Wish America CEO Richard Davis speaking about updates to the charity's Covid-19 policies.In March 2020, the charity postponed all ""wishes"" that involved major travel due to the pandemic.In the two-minute, 22-second video, Davis says all participants for ""wishes"" involving air travel within the US and large gatherings must be fully vaccinated from September 15, 2021.Davis' announcement can be seen below: “We respect everyone’s freedom of choice,” Davis says in the full video, in which he also acknowledges that some children may be too young or too ill to be vaccinated.“We can’t wait until Sept. 15, when we can expand the types of life-changing wishes we can grant.”Charity statementIn a June 28 statement on its website, the charity said it ""has not, does not and will not deny wishes to children who are not vaccinated.""""Since the beginning of the pandemic, Make-A-Wish has safely granted over 6,500 wishes to children and families – regardless of vaccination status. Make-A-Wish will continue to grant wishes to children who are not vaccinated,"" the statement reads.The vaccine policy does not apply to children who have received an end-of-life prognosis, according to the statement.The charity said it would not require anyone to get vaccinated in order to receive a wish.",,This video has been edited -- US charity says it will continue to grant 'wishes' to unvaccinated children,,,,,, -4,5,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GE6MH-1,"All Covid-19 hospital patients were vaccinated, except for one",2021-07-25,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts shared in July 2021 claim that all Covid-19 patients being treated in hospitals in the Australian state of New South Wales had been vaccinated. The claim is misleading: as of July 26, all of the hospitalised Covid-19 patients were unvaccinated except for one, the state's health authority told AFP.The misleading claim was published in this Instagram post on July 25, 2021.It reads: ""Vaccinated getting Covid??! Out of these Covid cases ALL ARE FULLY VACCINATED (two doses) EXCEPT ONE WHO ONLY HAD ONE DOSE. Why are the vaccinated getting Covid and the unvaccinated are not?! WAKE UP"". A screenshot of the misleading post as of July 26, 2021.The post circulated online following an announcement on July 25 that there were 141 patients being treated for Covid-19 in hospitals in New South Wales, including 43 people in intensive care.The video in the post features a portion of a press conference with Dr Jeremy McAnulty, an official at NSW Health, giving details on new Covid-19 cases.Other instances of the claim appear on Instagram here, here and here. A similar claim appeared here on Facebook. The claim is misleading.A spokesperson for NSW Health told AFP on July 26 that the claims were ""incorrect.""""All [patients in hospital] were unvaccinated save for one,"" the spokesperson said.The misleading claim circulated online after McAnulty misspoke in a press conference broadcast here live by ABC on July 25. At around the six-minute mark, he said: ""141 people are in hospital with Covid at present, and 43 are in intensive care, 18 of whom require ventilation ... all but one person are vaccinated, one person has received one dose of vaccine."" When asked to clarify his remark, McAnulty acknowledged that he had misspoken.At around the 34-minute mark, he clarified: ""Of the 43 patients in intensive care units, 42 have not been vaccinated. One person had a single dose of a Covid-19 vaccine.""",,Posts mislead on proportion of vaccinated Covid-19 victims in Australian state's hospitals,,,,,, -5,1,1,5,False,Hal Turner Radio Show,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ3LG-1,French president's entire security force resigned,2021-07-24,factcheck_afp,,"A French member of parliament and an American radio host claimed that Emmanuel Macron's entire security detail resigned to protest the French president's initiative imposing health passes to participate in many aspects of public life. This is false; the Republican Guard did not resign, and it is tasked with presidential palace security, not his direct physical safety.""Protective Detail of France President ALL Resign over COVID Restrictions; will no longer protect President Macron,"" reads the headline of a July 24, 2021 article on the website of the Hal Turner Radio Show, a conspiracy-oriented program AFP has fact-checked before. Below the headline, a photo shows members of the Garde Républicaine, or Republican Guard, an elite French army corps tasked with special missions. Screenshot of an online article taken on July 26, 2021""The Republican Guard, a security detail established to protect the President of France, have ALL resigned, and will no longer protect President Macron!"" the article says of the 2,800-strong force.The Covid-19 restrictions mentioned in the headline refer to a decree by Macron that required proof of Covid-19 vaccination or a negative test to be able to attend events or enter places with more than 50 people. The ""health pass"" will be extended to restaurants, cafes and shopping centers in August. This was formalized into law by the country's parliament on July 25, 2021, despite widespread protests against it.However, the Republican Guard did not resign in relation to this law, and is not tasked with the French president's immediate physical safety.The unit responsible for direct personal protection of the French head of state is the Groupe de sécurité de la présidence de la République, whose members hail from both the police and the Gendarmerie.The Republican Guard is a French army unit tasked with ""public safety missions and protocol representation,"" according to its official webpage. Its members are not in charge of the direct safety of the French president like the US Secret Service, but they indirectly play this role by ensuring the security of the Elysee Palace, where the president lives. A spokesperson for the Gendarmerie told AFP on July 26, 2021 that the Republican Guard ""is still"" performing its palace duties. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French army tasked with law enforcement roles, to which the Republican Guard answers. On social media, neither the Garde Républicaine nor the Gendarmerie, nor any French media, mentioned a mass resignation of the force's members.The false claims regarding the Republican Guard began when Martine Wonner, an independent member of parliament in France, claimed in a video that the force no longer wished to protect Macron.Wonner is a Covid-skeptic who was part of the government's party before she was ousted due to her controversial stances.She also faced calls from her opposition party to quit that group after she urged people to lay siege to MPs who approved the health pass.Before the vaccine passport law can be applied, it must be approved by France's highest administrative authority, the Constitutional Council, which will vote on it on August 5.",,French president's security detail did not resign over Covid-19 bill,,,,,, -6,1,1,5,False,Multiple authors,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR6XQ-1,Aborted foetus cells in Covid-19 mRNA vaccines,2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"A video shared hundreds of times on Facebook in South Africa and Zambia claims that mRNA Covid-19 vaccines contain cells taken from aborted human foetuses. The claim is false: the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa told AFP Fact Check that Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted foetuses or other human tissue.The three-minute clip has been shared more than 330 times since it was posted on Facebook on July 17, 2021.Besides including the claim that mRNA Covid-19 vaccines contain aborted human foetal matter, the video makes two other unsubstantiated claims: that the vaccines can alter a person’s DNA and that they can render people sterile. Screenshot of the false post, taken on July 20, 2021The clip, which was extracted from a longer video originally posted here on YouTube on February 5, 2021, features preacher Joshua Maponga interviewing guest Mike Southwood in a show dubbed “why Africans should not take vaccine (sic)”.The Zimbabwe-born Maponga lives in South Africa and is an author of several books and has a large following on social media. He also runs Galaxy Universal Network, a media production company in South Africa.Southwood — who makes the false and unsubstantiated claims during his interview — is the founder of the Unity Group in South Africa, which styles itself as a governance reform movement. According to media, Southwood is also the administrator of the #EndTheLockdownMzanzi group, which has been urging South Africans to defy Covid-19 lockdown laws. A shorter version of the clip was published here on Facebook in South Africa on July 15, 2021, and shared more than 600 times.How mRNA vaccines workPfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines are made from messenger RNA. The two vaccines work by giving a “blueprint” of a part of the virus that the body can then recognise and fight when confronted by it later.The vaccines use tiny fat bubbles called lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate fragile mRNA molecules and the information they contain to protect them until they can be safely delivered into cells without being degraded by the body’s enzymes. However, the claim made in the clip that the vaccines include aborted foetus cells is false. No material from aborted foetusesProfessor Penny Moore, from South Africa’s National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), told AFP Fact Check that Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted foetuses or any other human material.“They are produced through high-tech molecular biology approaches and in cultures in rigorously controlled laboratories,” said Moore.The World Health Organization (WHO) told AFP Fact Check that “the new mRNA vaccines, such as those developed by Pfizer and Moderna, are synthetic vaccines and do not use foetal cell lines in their production.”What are cell lines?According to the WHO, vaccines are made by growing cultures of the target virus or bacterium: “Viruses need to grow in cells and so vaccine viruses are often grown in eggs (such as the influenza vaccine) or in cell lines derived from mammals, including humans.”The cell lines that are used to grow the viruses originate from a primary culture of cells from an organ of a single animal that has been propagated repeatedly in a laboratory, often over many decades.AFP Fact Check has previously debunked social media posts claiming that Covid-19 vaccines contain MRC-5, which the posts claim are “aborted foetal cells and other DNA”.The best known human cell line is MRC-5, or Medical Research Council cell strain 5, which are cells used to grow viruses for vaccines against rubella, chickenpox and hepatitis A in laboratories. MRC-5 was originally derived from the lung tissue of an aborted foetus in the 1960s but has since been grown without recourse to foetal tissue.The History of Vaccines, an educational tool developed by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, states that “in total, only two foetuses, both obtained from abortions done by maternal choice, have given rise to the human cell strains used in vaccine development”.The Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine — which is not an mRNA but a viral vector vaccine — used a human cell line developed from the retinal cells of a foetus aborted in 1985 in its early production stage. But, the WHO said, “no foetal material is present” in the final J&J Covid-19 vaccine product or any other vaccine that uses human cell lines in early production stages.A spokesperson for the Oxford Vaccine Group, an organisation that was involved in producing the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine, told AFP Fact Check that during its development, they used HEK-293 cells.The HEK-293 cell line was originally cultivated from a foetus aborted in the Netherlands in the early 1970s. The NICD’s Moore added that human cell lines were used only in the early stages of the production of some vaccines. “For all vaccines that use cell lines during early production stages, all cells are removed during the purification process and the final vaccine product does not contain this material.”The WHO told AFP Fact Check that it is not aware of any vaccines currently being developed for Covid-19 that contain cell lines obtained from foetal tissue. mRNA Covid-19 vaccines do not alter people’s DNA The unsubstantiated claim that mRNA vaccines can modify human DNA has been widely rejected by scientists. AFP Fact Check has previously debunked the claim here and here.Matthew Miller, an associate professor with the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science at McMaster University in Canada, was quoted in a previous AFP Fact Check from March 2021 as saying that “mRNA is the code for proteins. It does not alter the DNA of your cells. Indeed, your cells naturally make mRNA from DNA.”Barry Pakes, an assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, told AFP Fact Check in April 2021 that “the mRNA cannot be integrated into the human genome. We (humans) lack the enzymes to reverse transcribe mRNA to DNA”.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also refutes the claim that Covid-19 vaccines can alter people’s DNA.“Covid-19 vaccines do not change or interact with your DNA in any way. Both mRNA and viral vector CovidD-19 vaccines deliver instructions (genetic material) to our cells to start building protection against the virus that causes Covid-19. However, the material never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where our DNA is kept,” the organisation states on its website.Vaccines do not cause infertilityIn the video, Southwood claims that Covid-19 vaccines can cause infertility. “We believe that there are a lot of things in this vaccine that will render people sterile…”The CDC states on its website that “there is currently no evidence that any vaccines, including Covid-19 vaccines, cause fertility problems (problems trying to get pregnant)”.Kate White, an obstetrics and gynaecology professor at Boston School of Medicine, told AFP Fact Check in March 2021 that “there’s no vaccine in the world that can cause infertility”.Dasantila Golemi-Kotra, a microbiologist at York University, told AFP that “vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are unlikely to cross-react with the syncytin-1 or -2 in the body and lead to infertility”.Golemi-Kotra explained that the misinformation could be stemming from the fact that the anti-spike protein antibodies and the syncytin-1 protein of the placenta share a “very short amino acid region”.But this doesn’t mean that the immune system would attack the syncytin protein. The immune system can “recognise a surface in their target protein, which rarely is confined to a single short amino acid sequence,” she said.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous claims about Covid-19 vaccines, available here.",,mRNA Covid-19 vaccines do not contain cells from aborted human foetuses,,,,,, -7,1,1,5,False,Jane Ruby and Stew Peters,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FM82U-1,Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine contains dangerous graphene oxide,2021-07-07,factcheck_afp,,"A video featuring a US pundit who claims the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine is dangerous because it contains the nanoparticle graphene oxide has been watched more than a million times on social media. But the claims are based on a study whose methodology experts have questioned, Pfizer said the substance is not used in the manufacturing of its shot, and researchers told AFP there is no evidence graphene oxide is used in any vaccines currently on the market.""BREAKING DISCOVERY! The ACTUAL CONTENTS Inside Pfizer Vials EXPOSED!"" says text promoting a segment from the ""Stew Peters Show"" on Canadian video sharing platform Rumble.Peters discusses the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine with Jane Ruby -- a self-described ""health economist and New Right political pundit"" whom AFP has fact-checked before. Screenshot taken on July 22, 2021 of a video from the Stew Peters Show shared on RumbleRuby claims that she read an English translation of the Spanish research that shows the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine is dangerous because it contains graphene oxide.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene, which has been reported to have antibacterial and antiviral properties. Graphene is super strong, ultra thin and has potential applications in a range of industries.""It's virtually 99.99 percent graphene oxide,"" Ruby says of the shot, while also claiming the substance is a ""poison"" and that it ""destroys literally everything in the cell.""Clips from the segment can also be found on Facebook, Instagram, and the video-sharing platform BitChute.It is part of a torrent of inaccurate claims about vaccines that have proliferated across the internet as countries around the world seek to immunize their populations against Covid-19.The same claim was amplified by GlobalResearch.ca, a Canadian website that the US State Department has described as ""deeply enmeshed in Russia's broader disinformation and propaganda ecosystem."" But the ingredients of all the Covid-19 vaccines authorized for use in the US and Canada (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca) are publicly listed and do not include graphene oxide.Pfizer spokeswomanDervila Keane confirmed to AFP on July 8, 2021 that ""graphene oxide is not used in the manufacture of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine.""Spanish studyIn the video, Ruby is referencing a Spanish study published by Dr Pablo Campra at the end of June. The study was not published in a scientific journal, and has not been subjected to peer review.In it, Campra says that Ricardo Delgado requested the study. Delgado is the founder of La Quinta Columna (Fifth Column), a group that has spread misleading information about masks and PCR tests. Their claims about graphene in Covid-19 shots -- including that it generates electromagnetic properties in humans -- were debunked by AFP Factual in early June.To conduct the study, Campra examined a single sample of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). He then compared the images with those in other scientific literature.He said he found ""solid evidence of the probable presence of graphene derivatives"". Ester Vazquez, an expert in graphene health and safety who works with the European Commission's Graphene Flagship research group, told AFP on July 13 that she had read the study and found it ""rather inconclusive.""She said that microscopy is not an adequate method to study the presence of graphene or graphene oxide.""The tests carried out are insufficient to characterize graphene. It only shows some microscopy images that resemble pictures of graphene and graphene oxide in the literature. However, this is far from scientific proof -- graphene identification would require further analysis using other techniques,"" Vazquez said.Contacted by AFP about the study, Campra said on July 14: ""Our finding is that 99 percent of UV absorbance does not come from RNA, and its signal is compatible with graphene. But, many other substances show the same signal. We found microscopic evidence of graphene sheets, but further spectroscopic evidence is needed to confirm this structure.""Campra, who teaches at the University of Almeria, said that the results and conclusions of his report ""do not imply any institutional position"" of the school.The university issued a statement on July 2 on Twitter distancing itself from the study -- which it called ""unofficial"" -- saying it used methodology that lacked transparency.The methodology of the study was also questioned in a fact check by Health Feedback, a network of scientists, which concluded that Campra did not adhere to ""traceability"" protocols. This leaves the origin of his sample unclear, and makes it impossible to know if it was contaminated during the investigation process.Graphene in vaccinesProfessor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP for another fact-check on July 19 that ""graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials.""Graphene oxide is being studied in vaccines as a possible adjuvant, or ingredient to help the shot trigger stronger immune response. It was recently used as an adjuvant in the investigation of an intranasal vaccine against influenza, developed by the Institute for Biomedical Sciences at Georgia State University, in the United States. This vaccine has only been tested in mice and cell culture.Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, also confirmed on July 20 that ""no vaccines on the market (are) based on graphene oxide.""Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said.AFP Fact Check has debunked a series of inaccurate claims about vaccines, available in English here.",,Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine does not contain dangerous ingredient,,,,,, -8,1,1,5,False,Joe Biden,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR7KY-1,Vaccinated people won't get Covid-19,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"US President Joe Biden claimed during a CNN town hall that vaccinated people will not get Covid-19. This is false; despite the high efficacy of the shots, infections still occur among the fully vaccinated population, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says.""You're not gonna get Covid if you have these vaccinations,"" Biden said during the July 21, 2021 event, which came as the Covid-19 pandemic is again surging in the United States, propelled by the highly contagious Delta variant. US President Joe Biden (L) participates in a CNN Town Hall meeting hosted by Don Lemon (R) at Mount St. Joseph University in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 2021 ( AFP / Saul Loeb)But Biden's claim is inaccurate: the vaccines are very effective, but cases among vaccinated people are possible.The CDC said that as of July 12, it had received reports of 5,492 patients with Covid-19 ""breakthrough"" infections being hospitalized or dying, out of a total of more than 159 million fully vaccinated people in the United States.""Covid vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection and even more effective in preventing the serious illness that results in hospitalization and death,"" but no vaccine is 100 percent effective, Tom Skinner, senior public affairs officer at the CDC, told AFP on July 23. During a briefing at the White House on July 22, Press Secretary Jen Psaki addressed a reporter's question regarding the president's remarks on vaccination, saying that vaccinated people were ""largely protected.""""That was the point he was trying to make last night,"" she said.During the town hall, Biden urged Americans to get vaccinated. ""It's really kind of basic,"" he said, at a time when the US vaccination rate has significantly slowed.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.July 26, 2021 This story was updated to correct the spelling of exaggerated in the headline.",,Joe Biden exaggerated Covid-19 vaccine efficacy,,,,,, -9,5,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL9LJ-3,Aerial footage of an anti-lockdown protest in Greece in 2021,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"As thousands took to the streets in Greece to protest new coronavirus measures, social media posts shared what they claimed to be footage of the demonstration. However, the claim is false; the video shows a protest in Athens in January 2019 against a controversial agreement to rename Macedonia.""Greece Anti Youth [vaccination] Rally. An aerial view, I'd say from these images, the People have had a gutful,"" reads a Facebook post published on July 16, 2021.The video shared alongside the post shows a large demonstration, with many people displaying Greek flags. A screenshot of the misleading Facebook post as of July 22, 2021.The same video was widely shared on social media alongside similar claims, including here and here on Facebook, as well as on Instagram and Twitter.Thousands of people gathered on July 14 in central Athens to protest against new virus measures, after Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced mandatory Covid-19 vaccination for all health workers and people entering closed venues such as bars, cinemas and theatres. However, the claim is false. The video in fact shows a different protest in the Greek capital in January 2019, many months before the first Covid-19 cases were reported.A Google reverse image search of keyframes from the video led to this YouTube video from January 21, 2019 about Greeks protesting an agreement to rename Macedonia, now known as North Macedonia.The title of the video reads in Greek: ""Video III - Demonstration for Macedonia. Syntagma Square, 20/01/2019"". Thousands demonstrated in Athen's central Syntagma Square in Athens on January 20, 2019 against Greece's deal with Macedonia that saw it renamed to the Republic of North Macedonia.Macedonia is a former Yugoslav republic, but for most Greeks, Macedonia is the name of their history-rich northern province made famous by Alexander the Great's conquests.Below is a comparison between the video in the misleading post (L) and the YouTube video at 0:19 (R): Similar aerial footage has also been published here in a report about the same demonstration by Greek newspaper Proto Thema on January 20, 2019.The Greek article's headline reads: ""The big rally for Macedonia in 20 photos"".The article translates to English in part: ""A gathering of different ages took place in Syntagma [the square in front of the Greek parliament] in the big march for Macedonia. From all over Greece, citizens were present responding to the invitation of macedonian unions and associations against the Prespa agreement.""Below is a screenshot comparison between the video in the misleading post (L) and a photo published in the Proto Thema report(R):",,This video shows protesters rallying against a deal to rename Macedonia in 2019,,,,,, -10,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL92E-4,Video shows Covid-19 victims' bodies wrapped in plastic bags in Indonesia,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"A video has been viewed tens of thousands of times in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows Covid-19 victims wrapped in plastic bags in Indonesia. The claim is false: the clip actually shows an anti-government protest in Colombia in May 2021. ""In Indonesia, Covid-19 victims were wrapped in a plastic bag. Some people were not even dead. What a sad image! Wish Thailand never has to experience this. Protect yourselves and do not go out,"" reads the Thai-language caption of this video posted on Facebook on July 21, 2021.The video has been viewed more than 4,100 times. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 22, 2021The post circulated online in Thailand after the kingdom's Covid-19 infection and death rates increased, as AFP has reported here. The country has recorded 426, 475 Covid-19 infections and 3,502 deaths as of July 21.The same video was shared here, here, and here on Facebook alongside a similar claim.The claim is false: the video actually shows an anti-government protest in Colombia in 2021.A reverse Google image search with video keyframes extracted with InVID-WeVerify, a digital verification tool, found this longer version footage uploaded on YouTube on May 27, 2021.The video's Spanish-language caption translates to English as: ""Performance [packed] in Medellin during a national strike on May 26, 2021. Medellin is Colombia's second-largest city. At the video's nine-minute 13-second mark, a woman can be heard saying: ""Today is Wednesday, May 26 we are in Poblado Park in Medellin.""This is a performance called ""Empaquetados"" [Packed] in homage to the people who have been found dead or to the people who have not appeared. It is a cry for help to know what is happening with the people who until today nobody knows where they are, people who were captured by the police or by civilians accompanied by the police"". Below is a screenshot comparison of the video in the misleading post (L) and the YouTube video (R): Screenshot comparison of the video in the misleading post (L) and video uploaded on YouTube (R)Colombia has been rocked by protests which broke out late April in opposition to a proposed tax hike under the right-wing administration of President Ivan Duque, AFP reported. The international community has condemned a security response that left more than 60 people dead. A subsequent keyword search found photos of the same event published here on May 28, 2021, by Le Cuento, Colombia-based digital media. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Le cuento (@lecuento_) The photos were credited to Jhonatan Rodriguez, a Colombian photographer. He told AFP he took the photos at an anti-government protest in Medellin on May 26.He said: ""It is an artistic performance that took place on May 26 of this year in Medellin, Colombia. The act of the performance was carried out as a way to protest against the government of Colombia .""Google Street View imagery of Poblado Park also corresponds to the footage shared in the misleading posts. Screenshot of the Google Street View image of Poblado ParkThe event was also reported here on page six of the Colombian newspaper, ADN Medellin, on May 27, 2021.",,This video shows an anti-government protest in Colombia -- not virus victims in Indonesia,,,,,, -11,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH42Z-1,No Covid-19 patients die outside of hospitals,2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts circulating in Indonesia claim that nobody has died from Covid-19 outside of the Southeast Asian nation's hospitals. The posts misleadingly question whether the disease is deadly whilst implying Indonesian hospitals are responsible for its virus deaths. The claims are false: thousands of Covid-19 victims in Indonesia have died outside hospitals, according to data recorded by a volunteer group. AFP and other media have reported people died of Covid-19 while self-isolating at home and elsewhere after hospitals became overwhelmed with patients.The claim was shared in this July 15, 2021, Facebook post.It has received more than 120 likes. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 21, 2021The post's Indonesian-language caption translates to English as: ""THEY SAY IT'S FEROCIOUS AND DEADLY. If Covid-19 is dangerous, why don't people die on the streets, at home, the farms, plantations, markets and shopping malls? They always die of Covid-19 at hospitals. WHAT IS HAPPENING WITH HOSPITALS?????""A similar claim was also posted here, here, here and here. The claim is false.As of July 23, 2021, Indonesian volunteer group Lapor Covid-19 has recorded at least 2,491 people who died of Covid-19 while they were self-isolating at home or in places other than hospitals. AFP has reported that Covid-19 patients have died at home after an explosion of Covid-19 cases overwhelmed hospitals in the Southeast Asian archipelago.AFP photos published here and here show health workers removing the body of a Covid-19 patient who died while isolating at home in Bandung, West Java province. Health workers removed the body of a Covid-19 victim who died while isolating at home in Bandung, West Java province, on July 18, 2021, as skyrocketing Covid-19 cases are overwhelming hospitals in the country. ( AFP / Timur Matahari)Indonesian media sites have also reported Covid-19 patients who died on the street; in a market; in a car park; in a streetside stall and on a pedicab.Indonesia has recorded more than three million Covid-19 cases and more than 79,000 deaths, according to the Indonesian Health Ministry's data on July 22, 2021.",,False claim circulates in Indonesia that 'no Covid-19 victims died outside hospitals',,,,,, -12,1,1,5,False,TLC4SuperTeams,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL2T7-5,Vaccinated people are at greatest risk from coronavirus Delta variant,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook video cites Harvard research to claim that people vaccinated against Covid-19 are at greatest risk from the coronavirus Delta variant that causes the disease. However, a Harvard professor confirmed that the video misrepresents his analysis, and health authorities and studies suggest the best protection from the virus is through vaccination.""Delta Variant Targets Vaxxers,"" says text accompanying a July 18, 2021 Facebook video featuring Jen DePice, a chiropractor and exercise physiologist who goes by ""Dr Jen"" on social media. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken July 21, 2021The highly infectious Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to a rapid rise in Covid-19 cases in the United States.Delta is one of four notable variants circulating in the United States, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says on its website.In her video, DePice discusses the Delta variant, citing research ""from Harvard"" as evidence to support her claims, and the post links to a Q&A with William Hanage, associate professor of epidemiology and a faculty member in the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.However, Hanage says that his remarks do not support DePice's claims in the video.""Not only are all the claims false, but I did not make them,"" he told AFP on July 20.DePice says ""that the people at greatest risk for the Delta variant are the people that are vaccinated, not the people that are unvaccinated that have already had natural exposure,"" attributing this theory to the Harvard analysis, despite the fact that Hanage makes no mention in the Q&A of people who may have a natural immunity to the Covid-19 virus.Hanage told AFP on July 22, 2021 that ""there is pretty good evidence that the quality of immunity following infection is more variable than following immunization with vaccines available in the US.""""So some people who have prior immunity through infection may be well protected, but others won't be,"" he said. He added that immunity can wane over time, and pointed to research that found: ""If you have recovered from infection and get an mRNA vaccine regardless,... you can expect really quite amazing protection against variants.""The CDC recommends getting the Covid-19 vaccine ""regardless of whether you already had Covid-19.""It says: ""Studies have shown that vaccination provides a strong boost in protection in people who have recovered from Covid-19.""Hanage addressed another of DePice's claims in which she states: ""We are not seeing increasing numbers of people hospitalized or deaths around the world even with an increase of Delta variants."" ""This is not true. Hospitalizations and deaths are increasing wherever Delta has emerged,"" Hanage said. Vaccination is key to preventing severe illness and hospitalization.US surgeon general, Dr Vivek Murthy, told CNN's ""State of the Union"" on July 18: ""We are seeing increasing cases among the unvaccinated in particular. And while if you are vaccinated you are very well protected against hospitalization and death, unfortunately that is not true if you are not vaccinated.""Additional studies suggest that those who are fully vaccinated against Covid-19 retain protection against the Delta variant.This is indicated in a peer-reviewed article in the scientific journal Nature. A similar conclusion was reached by medical researchers, whose letter on the topic was published in The New England Journal of Medicine.Top US infectious disease specialist Dr Anthony Fauci said at a July 16 briefing that vaccines work against Delta.""The message loud and clear that we need to reiterate is that these vaccines continue to (offer) strong protection against SARS-CoV-2, including the Delta variant,"" meaning ""it's so important for yourself, your family, and your community to get vaccinated,"" said Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.",,Vaccinated people do not face greatest risk from coronavirus Delta variant,,,,,, -13,2,1,5,Misleading,Multiple source,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH3YV-2,Turkey never closes mosques during the Covid-19 pandemic,2021-07-14,factcheck_afp,,"An image of Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been shared in multiple posts on Facebook alongside a claim that he announced no mosque in Turkey would be closed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The claim circulated online in Indonesia after the country imposed social restrictions in early July 2021. The claim is misleading: Turkey previously ordered all mosques to close in March 2020 in a bid to reduce the spread of Covid-19. As of July 22, 2021, AFP found no evidence that Erdogan announced he would not close Turkey's mosques in 2020 or 2021.One post was shared here on Facebook on July 14, 2021. Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 21, 2021The post's Indonesian-language caption translates to English as: ""I hope the Indonesian leader has thoughts like this Turkish leader.""The text superimposed on the picture reads in part: ""'No mosques will be closed in Turkey from the threat of the coronavirus. Closing mosques is more dangerous than the coronavirus.""'Whoever leaves the mosque today, tomorrow he will lose faith because of the False Messiah. Trust in Allah and only Allah will give help'. Recep Tayyip Erdogan (President of Turkey)"".Indonesia imposed tougher social restrictions on July 3, 2021, after Covid-19 cases grew significantly in the country. Shopping malls and places of worship were shuttered in the hand hard-hit islands of Java and Bali, AFP reported here. On July 9, 2021, however, the restrictions were revised to allow places of worship to open but without communal prayers. A similar claim, along with the photo, has been shared more than 80 times on Facebook here, here, here and here. The claim, however, is misleading. Mosque closuresTurkey's Presidency of Religious Affairs announced on its website here on March 19, 2020, that mosques would be closed.The closures were implemented for Friday, March 20, as well as Saturday, March 21 — when Muslims celebrate the Night of Prophet Mohammed's Ascension.Turkey's English newspaper Hurriyet Daily News also published this report about the mosques closure on March 19, 2020.The headline reads: ""Turkey shutters mosques for Friday prayers and holy night"". Turkey also banned communal prayers in mosques during the pandemic from March 2020 until May 2020. As of July 22, 2021, AFP found no credible report about Erdogan insisting that mosques should remain open throughout the pandemic.Erdogan speechA reverse image search on Yandex followed by subsequent keyword searches found the picture shared in the misleading posts was originally published here on the Associated Press (AP) website on December 3, 2019.It shows Erdogan delivering a speech before travelling to a NATO leaders summit in December 2019.The caption reads: ""Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks before departing to attend a NATO leader's summit in London, in Ankara, Turkey, Tuesday, Dec. 3, 2019. Erdogan says there is no change in Turkey's position that is holding up a NATO defense proposal for Poland and Baltic nations until the alliance supports Ankara's concerns related to Syrian Kurdish fighters.""Below is a screenshot comparison of the image in the misleading post (L) and the AP photo (R): Screenshot comparison between the picture in the misleading post (L) and the AP photo (R)",,Indonesian Facebook users share misleading claim about Turkey's mosque closures during pandemic,,,,,, -14,3,1,5,Misleading,multiple sources,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FE6UH-1,Vaccines on the market contain carcinogenic graphene oxide,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts have repeatedly shared a claim that all commercially available vaccines purportedly contain a cancer-causing substance called graphene oxide. But these posts are misleading: experts separately told AFP that graphene oxide is not used in commercially available vaccines. The most commonly used vaccines go through rigorous testing and have been safely used for decades, according to the World Health Organization.""After investigating the contents of vaccines, 99% was found to be graphene oxide. Like asbestos this causes cancer,"" reads this Korean-language Facebook post on July 12, 2021.""Graphene oxide was found in all vaccines commercially available,"" the post adds. Screenshot of the misleading post. Captured July 20, 2021.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene which is reportedly the world's thinnest material first isolated in 2004.A similar claim was also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here and here.But these posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Graphene oxide ""No vaccines on the market [is] based on graphene oxide,"" Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, told AFP on July 20, 2021.Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said. The claim that all commercially available vaccines were 99% made up of graphene oxide was ""ungrounded in fact,"" Professor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP on July 19, 2021.""Graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials,"" Hong said.Hong added that the claim that graphene oxide is purportedly like asbestos and causes cancer is misleading.""Graphene has a planar structure, and is very different from asbestos, which has a needle structure,"" he explained.""In the case of graphene oxide... there is some toxicity but relatively little, so the material is being widely researched for use in drug delivery systems and in vivo diagnostic sensors.""Published lists of ingredients in widely used Covid-19 vaccines -- Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen -- do not include graphene oxide. Vaccine safetyVaccines are available for some two dozen diseases including Covid-19, according to this list from the World Health Organization (WHO).""The most commonly used vaccines have been around for decades, with millions of people receiving them safely every year,"" the WHO states here.""Following the introduction of a vaccine, close monitoring continues to detect any unexpected adverse side effects.""",,"Available vaccines do not contain graphene oxide, experts say",,,,,, -15,1,1,5,False,የኢትዮጵያ ብልፅግና ፓርቲ,2021-07-20,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/no-evidence-putin-congratulated-ethiopian-pm-second-filling-controversial-mega-dam,Putin congratulates Ethiopian PM over GERD filling,2021-07-06,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook post shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims that Russian President Vladimir Putin recently congratulated Ethiopia’s prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, on the second filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia's construction of the mega-dam has been a source of diplomatic tension with its downstream neighbours. However, this is false; the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa told AFP Fact Check that Putin never made any such comments. Furthermore, there is no official evidence of the Russian head of state issuing a statement regarding the GERD filling. The post, archived here, has been shared more than 350 times since it was published on Facebook on July 6, 2021. It was shared from an account called “Ethiopian Prosperity Party”, the political party led by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. However, the page is not an official account and was created by a party supporter.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 16, 2021The post features an image of Putin and Abiy shaking hands. “Congratulations Ethiopians! The second phase of the Abay dam filling is legitimate and demonstrates the right to use its own natural resources (sic),” reads a quote attributed to the Russian leader translated to English. “A country that has many thousand years of history, an example of freedom that doesn’t bend to oppression, the mother of many proud heroes, congratulations Ethiopia,” it concludes.The post surfaced after the onset of this year’s rainy season, which helped speed up the process of filling the mega-dam. An official told AFP  on July 19, 2021, that Ethiopia had attained its second-year target for filling the mega-dam on the Blue Nile River. Ethiopia hit its first target of 4.9 billion cubic metres in July 2020.Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been locked in a tug of war over the use of the Nile ever since Ethiopia started building and filling the GERD using water from the river. Both the governments of Egypt and Sudan have expressed concern that diverting Nile water into the GERD will restrict water supplies in the two countries, affecting millions of people’s livelihoods.Russian embassy denies remarksHowever, the remarks attributed to Putin are fabricated.Valentina Kim, a spokeswoman for the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa, said the leader had not congratulated Abiy. When asked about the false claims, Kim said: “We have not seen them”.“We cannot comment on an event [whose] existence is not proved,” she added. According to the Kremlin’s website, the most recent conversation between both leaders was a phone conversation on April 7, 2020.AFP Fact Check previously debunked a claim that Putin was backing Ethiopia in the dispute over the GERD. Similarly, AFP Fact Check debunked remarks falsely attributed to Putin where he allegedly ridiculed Ethiopia’s prime minister about cloud seeding technology.",,No evidence that Putin congratulated Ethiopian PM on the second filling of controversial mega-dam,,,,,, -16,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-19,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F63C6-1,Photos show water shortage and COVID-19 crisis in Kejriwal ruled Delhi,2021-07-13,factcheck_afp,,"Politicians from India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have shared photos they claim show various crises under the rule of Delhi's chief minister and opposition politician Arvind Kejriwal. The claim is misleading: most of the images were taken before Arvind was elected as Delhi's chief minister, or do not show events in Delhi.""Kejriwal's development model!"" reads a tweet from July 13 by Adesh Gupta, a BJP politician and head of the party's Delhi unit.He has more than 100,000 Twitter followers.The illustration shows Kejriwal, the leader of India's Aam Aadmi Party, alongside photos purportedly depicting water, oxygen, ventilator, and pollution problems in Delhi. Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 16, 2021. ( AFP)Kejriwal was elected Delhi's chief minister in February 2015. Fellow BJP politicians Dheeraj Pradhan and Rachna Garg also shared the photo in posts here, here and here.However, the posts are misleading. Water crisisThe first photo of a crowd of people scrambling for water was taken before Kejriwal took office.A reverse image search on TinEye shows the picture was taken in 2009 in New Delhi.It was captured by photographer Adnan Abidi for Reuters news agency. It can be found on the agency's website here. The photo's caption reads, ""Residents of Sanjay Colony, a residential neighbourhood, crowd around a water tanker provided by the state-run Delhi Jal (water) Board to fill their containers in New Delhi June 30, 2009. Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit has given directives to tackle the burgeoning water crisis caused by uneven distribution of water in the city according to local media. The board is responsible for supplying water in the capital.""Below is a comparison of the photo used in the misleading post (L) and the photo on Reuters' website (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)Kejriwal's Aam Admi Party was formed in October 2012, years after the photo was taken. This photo has previously been shared in a misleading context. AFP debunked posts claiming the photo shows Delhi's water crisis in July 2021.Oxygen crisisThe second photo of oxygen tanks was taken in the city of Prayagraj in India's northern state of Uttar Pradesh.A reverse image search on TinEye found the photo was taken by Indian news agency Press Trust of India (PTI).It can be found here on the agency's website. The photo was also used in this article by The Indian Express about the shortage of oxygen in India during the second Covid-19 wave in spring 2021.The photo's caption reads: ""Several states are facing acute oxygen shortage owing to the rising Covid-19 cases. In pic, workers unload oxygen cylinders from a truck at a hospital in Prayagraj. (PTI Photo).""Below is a comparison between the photo used in the misleading post (L) and the photo used in The Indian Express article (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)Ventilator crisisThe third photo, which shows a hospital, was taken in Iran, not India.A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the photo was taken in Tehran, Iran.It was captured by photographer Ali Shirband on March 1, 2020 for news agency Associated Press.It can be found on AP's website here. The photo's caption reads: ""In this Sunday, March 1, 2020 photo, a medic treats a patient infected with coronavirus, at a hospital in Tehran, Iran. A member of a council that advises Iran's supreme leader died Monday after falling sick from the new coronavirus, becoming the first top official to succumb to the illness striking both citizens and leaders of the Islamic Republic.""Below is a comparison between the photo shared in the misleading post (L) and the photo on AP's website (R): Screenshot comparing the misleading post and the original image ( AFP)The photo was also used in a news article about Iran's Covid-19 crisis here. Pollution problemThe final photo showing pollution was genuinely taken in Delhi when Kejriwal was in power.A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the photo was taken in October, 2018 by AFP photographer Dominique Faget.It can be found on AFP's website here. The photo caption reads: ""Indian pedestrians walk near the India Gate monument amid heavy smog conditions in New Delhi on October 30, 2018. Smog levels spike during winter in Delhi, when air quality often eclipses the World Health Organization's safe levels. Cooler air traps pollutants -- such as from vehicles, building sites and farmers burning crops in regions outside the Indian capital.""The photo was also used in this news report by AFP about Delhi's air pollution.",,BJP politicians share misleading posts critical of Delhi chief minister,,,,,, -17,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-19,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9F92G2-1,This photo shows a Chinese vessel dumping sewage and human waste in the West Philippine Sea,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared in multiple Twitter and Facebook posts that claim it shows a Chinese shipping vessel dumping human waste in Philippine waters. The claim is false: the photo has in fact circulated in reports about dredging off the coast of Australia.""Chinese vessels dumping human waste part of west philippine sea,"" reads the caption to this photo shared on Twitter on July 12, 2021. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 17, 2021""West Philippine Sea"" is the term used in the Philippines for the maritime area in the western part of the Philippine archipelago.The misleading post circulated online after Philippine news organisation GMA News erroneously published a report showing the same photo and claim.The organisation has since apologised for the oversight. In a tweet on July 12, it said: ""We took down the original tweet containing an inaccurate image. We want to thank our followers for tweeting us this feedback. We apologize for the oversight.""The same photo was also shared hundreds of times alongside a similar claim here, here and here on Facebook.The claim is false.A combination of reverse image and keyword searches on Google found the photo was originally published in this press release on October 3, 2014.It was circulated by the Cairns and Far North Environment Centre (CAFNEC), an environmental group based in Australia.In the press release, it states that the photo shows: ""Maintenance dredging in Cairns show the impact of dredging and dumping in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area"".The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system.It is located in northeastern Australia, more than 4,800 kilometers away from the West Philippine Sea as shown here on Google Maps.  Screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and the CAFNEC photo (R)According to the photo’s caption, it was taken by photographer Xanthe Rivett for CAFNEC and World Wildlife Fund Australia.The WWF also posted the image on its official Instagram account on the same day.           View this post on Instagram                       A post shared by WWF-Australia (@wwf_australia) In response to the misleading posts, a World Wildlife Fund Australia representative told AFP on July 16: ""I can confirm the photos were taken in the Cairns Port in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area on 19 September 2014.""They show a ship dumping dredged material.""Philippine fact-checking organisation Vera Files also debunked this misleading claim here.",,"This photo has circulated in reports about dredging off the coast of Australia, not the Philippines",,,,,, -18,5,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-13,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EE4BW-1,An image of an electric car cemetery in France,2021-07-07,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared thousands of times in posts claiming it shows an ""electric car cemetery"" in France, where electric cars are purportedly dumped when their batteries wear out. The claim is false; the image in fact shows a Chinese rideshare company's cars parked on the outskirts of Hangzhou. The company's former manager said most of the cars were first-generation electric vehicles set to be replaced with newer models.""Here is an electric car cemetery in France. Nobody wants to buy a used electric car when the battery wears out,"" reads this Facebook post published on July 7. It has since been shared more than 1,000 times. A screenshot of the misleading Facebook post as of July 9, 2021.The same photo was shared alongside similar claims appear on Facebook here and here, and in this tweet shared more than 4,000 times.""Green madness. Electric cars belonging to the city of Paris. No one will buy them because of the cost of the replacement battery. Who will dispose of this junk, especially the batteries?"" the tweet reads.However, the claim is false. A reverse image search and keyword searches found similar photos published by Chinese state-owned newspaper People's Daily here on April 25, 2019. The article refers to the photos, credited to Chinese state news agency Chinanews, as ""a car cemetery in Hangzhou"". A screenshot of an article on the Chinese website (taken 8 July 2021)According to the article, the vehicles are ""new energy-shared cars abandoned in a car park near Hangzhou city along the Qiantang River"".The cars appear to be electric cars manufactured by China's Kandi Technologies Group. In 2015, China's state-owned newspaper Global Times identified similar vehicles with the same logos and white-green paint in Hangzhou as having been produced by Kandi. Identical visual clues can be seen in the photo circulating in misleading posts (L) and Chinanews's image (R), including buildings in the background, an electicity pylon and logos on the cars. On the left, a picture of the Facebook update and on the right, a picture taken by the Chinanews website. AFP has circled the similarities in red.The exact location of the image can also be confirmed through the satellite images of the Shuangpuzhen area on Zoom Earth, where the parking lot and its cars can be seen.The satellite images show pools of water and the buildings in the background. A satellite image of the parking lot, with the buildings visible in the Facebook photo circled in red (Zoom.earth)The electricity pylons visible in the Facebook post also can be found on the highway, south of the parking lot: A satellite image of the parking lot, with the location of the electricity pylons circled in red by AFP (Zoom.earth)The vehicles belong to a Hangzhou-based electric car rideshare company called Microcity, subsidiarity of an electric car rental company named Zhejiang Zuozhongyou Electric Car Service Limited, according to the company's former brand manager.""The cars in the photo belonged to Hangzhou Microcity,""Lou Gaofeng told AFP.Launched in Hangzhou in 2013, Microcity's electric car rideshare service aimed to tackle emissions, congestion and limited parking space, according to the local government's website.Car sharing services in Chinese have struggled to keep their business model profitable. In 2019, Hong Kong-based newspaper South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported that many firms had gone bankrupt after an initial boom in ride sharing apps the 2010s, aided by the low price of electric cars.Chinese media reported that thousands of Microcity electric cars have ended up in parking lots on the outskirts of Hangzhou from 2019 (here, here and here).Lou told local newspaper Hangzhou.com.cn in April 2019 that around 3,000 Microcity cars are parked in three different parking lots along the Qiantang River. However, according to the former manager of the company, not all the cars were defective.""I had clearly explained at that time that not all of them had problems. Some of them had problems, some could still be used, others were old enough to be sold to another company and disassembled,"" he told AFP.""Second, it had nothing to do with the spontaneous combustion of the battery, most of them were the first generation electric vehicles which had been produced in 2013 and even earlier and should be replaced due to technologcial progress.""Microcity's current management did not respond to AFP's enquiries on what the company plans to do with the cars in the future.CORRECTION 15/7/21: This article was amended to clarify Lou Gaofeng's quote that the cars in the photograph were first-generation electric cars set to be replaced with newer models.",,This photo does not show an 'electric car cemetery' in France,,,,,, -19,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-09,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EG3DM-1,Photo shows helicopter operated by the Royal Thai Army,2021-07-05,factcheck_afp,,"After a fire at a plastics factory in Thailand injured dozens, a photo surfaced in Facebook posts purporting to show a Royal Thai Army helicopter and questioning why the chopper was not deployed to quell the blaze. The claim is misleading; the photo actually shows a helitanker during an exercise in the United States in 2020. Meanwhile, a second photo in the posts genuinely shows a Thai helicopter.The photos were published here on Facebook on July 5, 2021. ""The Royal Thai Army has chinook, the forest department has a helicopter with a water bucket, why didn't anybody collaborate with them?"" the Thai-language post's caption reads. Chinook refers to a type of military, heavy-lift helicopter. ( Montira RUNGJIRAJITTRANON)The images circulated online after an explosion at a plastics factory near the Thai capital Bangkok sent plumes of smoke across the skyline, killing one firefighter and injuring at least 33 people, AFP reported.The photos were also shared on Facebook here and here alongside a similar claim. The images, however, have been shared in a misleading context.First photoA reverse image search on Google found the first photo was published in this article by the US-based blog site Fire Aviation on November 19, 2020.Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and on the Fire Aviation website (R):  ""A CH-47 Chinook Very Large Helitanker (VLHT) with night-flying capability operated by Coulson Aviation is working under an 83-day contract in collaboration with Southern California Edison (SCE) and the Orange County Fire Authority (OCFA),"" the article reads.""The Chinook is based at the Los Alamitos Joint Forces Training Base in Orange County"".The photo was screenshotted from this  footage tweeted by Orange County Fire Authority (OFCA) on November 19, 2020.The clip shows the helitanker exercise, which was coordinated by  L.A. County Fire Department  and the Orange County Fire Authority (OFCA). Yesterday we had a successful exercise with @LACoFDPIO to showcase the new joint agency Helitanker. This is a regional asset that can be used in multiple counties to fight fires. The helitanker:•Takes 1 min to fill 3,000 gallons•Has a water drop cover of approx 10 acres pic.twitter.com/mzMC2j3pZr — OCFA PIO (@OCFA_PIO) November 19, 2020 Second photoThe second photo genuinely shows a Thai helicopter.Reverse image searches for the second photo found it was previously published in this 2016 report by Thai news site Manager Online.The Thai government staged a demonstration to show how the helicopter was used to extinguish fires in Phitsanulok province, the report says.""Helicopter owned by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was used to extinguish wildfire in Nan, using the water from Nan River, in the middle of a campaign to stop burning the forest,"" the Thai-language article reads.Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and on the Manager Online website (R):  Thailand's Forest Department operates under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.The photo was also published in another report about the event by a Thai-language website here. CORRECTION: This article was updated on July 12, 2021 to clarify that the Facebook posts claimed the photos showed Thai helicopters, but not necessarily Thai helicopters at the scene of the plastics factory fire.",,Wrong helicopter photo shared in posts about Thai factory fire,,,,,, -20,5,1,5,False,Multiples sources,2021-07-07,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DZ6YU-3,Photo of polluted river is from India,2021-06-27,factcheck_afp,,"A photo of a river clogged with rubbish has been shared in multiple Facebook and Twitter posts which claim that the river is in the Indian city of Mumbai. However, the claim is false; the photo actually shows a river in Philippines' capital Manila. The photo was shared on Facebook here on June 27, 2021, by a page with some 75,000 followers.The Facebook post, sharing two photos, appears to compare two rivers with one looking clean and the other filled with garbage.The caption to the post reads:""Pic 1 - Sabaramati Riverfront, Ahmedabad, Gujarat (Fund spent by Gujarat State: ₹1400 crores)Pic 2 - Mithi River, Mumbai, Maharashtra (Funds spent by BMC & MMRDA: ₹1000+ crores)#TaleOfTwoCities #ModiHaiToMumkinHai"" (#If Modi IsThere It's Possible)   ""Sabaramati Riverfront"" refers to Sabarmati Riverfront in Indian state Gujarat, which is controlled by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).The Mithi River is located in the city of Mumbai in Maharashtra, a state which is controlled by a coalition of opposition parties. The Mithi River was Maharashtra's most polluted river in 2018, according to this report released by the state's Pollution Control Board. The report found that the level of coliform content, which indicates the presence of human and animal excreta, was at least 15 times above the safe limit, as reported by local news outlet Hindustan Times.Since November 2019, a coalition of three parties -- Shiv Sena, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) -- have formed the government in Maharashtra. However, before that Maharashtra was governed by BJP, which had formed an alliance with Shiv Sena in the state after the 2014 state legislative assembly elections. The identical photos were published by several other accounts on Facebook, for example here and here alongside a similar claim. They were also shared by BJP party members on Twitter as seen here and here. However, the claim is false. While the first image does show the Sabarmati Riverfront as seen on Google Maps, the second photo of the river clogged with garbage is not of the Mithi River in India, but actually shows the Philippines' capital city Manila. A reverse image search on TinEye shows that the original photo was taken in January 2008 in Manila, Philippines by photographer Antonio V. Oquias, as can be seen on the Shutterstock Images website. The caption to the photo reads: ""MANILA, PHILIPPINES - JANUARY 6: A river of garbage prevents the flow of water on January 6, 2008 in Manila, Philippines. Poverty and garbage disposal are major issues in the Philippines.""The photo was also used in this news report on plastic pollution by UK broadcaster BBC. Below is a comparison of the photo used in the Facebook post and the one found on Shutterstock.",,"This photo shows a river in the Philippines, not India",,,,,, -21,1,1,5,False,Gech Ethiopia,2021-07-06,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/image-elephant-shaped-mountain-composite-created-polish-artist-mirekis,This image of an elephant-shaped mountain is a composite created by Polish artist Mirekis,2021-07-01,factcheck_afp,,"An image has been shared hundreds of times on Facebook in Ethiopia alongside a claim that it shows a real mountain cliff shaped like an elephant. But this is false: AFP Fact Check found that the image was digitally created by Polish artist Mirekis.The claim has been shared more than 100 times and had over 500 reactions since it was published on July 1, 2021. “Beautiful Elephant mountain!” the post’s caption reads.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 5, 2021The image shows a mountain cliff in the shape of an elephant overlooking a snowy valley.However, the image does not show a real landscape. It was digitally created by Mirekis, a Polish artist who combined three images to create the artwork. AFP Fact Check ran a reverse image search and traced the picture to several websites showing Mirekis’s work. The composite comes from a series of images called ""Over the precipice"", initially posted on Mirekis’s Facebook page on January 18, 2018. “The series is still missing spring and fall,” the post’s Polish caption reads. Mirekis shared the image a few days later on Instagram as well as on his 500px page, a photo-sharing platform.    View this post on Instagram           A post shared by Is Mirek (@mirekis7) Original picturesThe composite was created by layering three different images. The original image that can be seen in the foreground of Mirekis’s work was uploaded on Wikimedia Commons by a user called “Giacomozanni” in April 2010. The image shows a mountain in the north-east of Italy where the Malatesta Fortress of Verucchio sits.Noticeable details stand out in the foreground of both images such as the trees and bushes. Image highlighting similarities between the original picture (right) and the compositeThe other two images are composed of a picture of an elephant superimposed on an image of the Creux du Van, a natural rocky cirque located in east Switzerland near the French border. Image highlighting similarities between the original pictures (top) and the compositeMirekis confirmed to AFP Fact Check that the photo in the misleading Facebook showed his artwork. The claim had already been debunked by Snopes in January 2018. While Mirekis’s work was digitally altered and created as a form of art, there is an actual “Elephant Rock” in the cliffs of the island Heimaey in Iceland.  Image from Wiki Commons of “Elephant Rock” in Iceland",,This image of an elephant-shaped mountain is a composite created by Polish artist Mirekis,,,,,, -22,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-02,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DP93D-1,Posts compare Manila Bay images before and during Rodrigo Duterte presidency,2021-07-26,factcheck_afp,,"A photo collage has been shared thousands of times in Facebook posts that claim it shows a trash-filled beach in the Philippine capital Manila purportedly before Rodrigo Duterte was elected president -- and the same beach after he ordered a cleanup during his term. But these posts are misleading: the trash-filled beach photo is miscaptioned as taken during the presidency of former leader Benigno Aquino III; both images in the photo collage have circulated in news reports since 2020 during Duterte’s term as president.The photo collage was posted here on Facebook on June 26, 2021. It has been shared over 3,000 times since.The photo collage juxtaposes two images of Manila Bay, a natural harbour located west of the Philippine capital Manila.The first image shows a trash-filled beach overlaid with text that reads: “NOYNOY BEFORE”. The second shows a clean beach superimposed with the text: “DUTERTE NOW”.The post’s Tagalog-language caption translates in part as: “They say President BS Aquino III is the protector against environmental waste.”  Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 1, 2021The misleading post circulated days after the death of former Philippine President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III on June 24, 2021, AFP reported.Aquino III was the president from 2010 to 2016. He was succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte whose term is until 2022.In 2019, Duterte announced a “major” Manila Bay cleanup. The following year his government began construction of an artificial white sand beach along a portion of the bay.The controversial project has spurred a slew of misinformation, for example here, here and here debunked by AFP.An identical photo collage was also shared alongside a similar claim in Facebook posts here, here and here.But these posts are misleading: both images in the photo collage have circulated in reports published during Duterte’s term.First image A reverse search on Google found the image of the trash-filled beach was published here by Philippine broadcaster GMA News on September 8, 2020 when the Duterte government’s white sand beach project was underway, not during former President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino's term.The image’s caption states in part: “A lot of trash drifted to Manila Bay, near the Manila Yacht Club. [This side] is more polluted compared to the other end where the [environment agency] is dumping white sand.”The image corresponds to the 19-second mark of this television report aired by GMA News the same day. Below is a screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading posts (L) and the original photo from GMA News (R):   The image was taken in this location as seen on Google Maps. Second imageFurther reverse image searches found the second image had also appeared in a news report during the Duterte administration. It was shared here on May 24, 2021 by local media organisation SMNI News.The image’s caption reads in part: “#ManilaBayRehab… #DuterteAdministration”.Below is a screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading posts (L) and photo shared by SMNI News (R):   The rainbow-colored crosswalk seen in the image corresponds to these photos posted on the Facebook page of Manila City’s mayor in December 2020, when the newly-painted lanes were opened to the public.The image corresponds to this location on Google Street View.The misleading posts were also debunked by Philippine fact-checking organisation Vera Files here.",,Misleading posts circulate anew about beach cleanup in Philippine capital,,,,,, -23,1,1,5,False,Multiple,2021-06-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9DC9V8-1,Photos show malnourished lions at Bangladesh zoo,2021-06-19,factcheck_afp,,"Three photos of malnourished lions are circulating in Facebook posts that claim they were taken at a zoo in Bangladesh. The claim is false: the images were originally shared in reports about a zoo in Sudan in January 2020.  The photos of the lions were posted here on Facebook on June 19, 2021. The post has been shared more than 700 times.The post’s Bengali-language caption reads: ''We request the authority of Mirpur Zoo to set these wild animals free. If you can't fulfil your duty, then there is no right to trade with these wild animals. If anyone comes across this post who has the ability to do something about it, then please take some action.''  Mirpur Zoo is Bangladesh’s National Zoo in the capital Dhaka. It is home to more than 2,500 creatures, including eight endangered Bengal tigers, as reported here by AFP.The same images were shared with a similar claim here, here and here on Facebook.However, the claim is false. A reverse image search found two of the three photos were posted here on Facebook in January 2020.They were uploaded on the verified page of Osman Salih, who describes himself as CEO at Sudan Animal Rescue.His post reads in part: ""I was shaken when I saw these lions at the park... their bones are protruding from the skin”.""I urge interested people and institutions to help them,"" he wrote. Below is a screenshot comparison of the images in the misleading post (L) and the images shared by Salih (R) : The campaign to save the five lions caged in Khartoum's Al-Qureshi Park was reported here by AFP on January 20, 2020.The final photo in the misleading post was taken by AFP photographer Ashraf Shazly at al-Qureshi Park in the Sudanese capital Khartoum on January 20, 2020. Below is a screenshot comparison of the final photo in the misleading post (L) and Shazly’s photo (R): Shazly posted the images on Facebook here.",,Facebook users share old photos of lions in Sudan in posts about Bangladesh zoo,,,,,, -24,5,1,5,False,Multiple Sources,2021-06-25,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/these-images-have-circulated-online-reports-about-meteor-sightings-october-2015,Images of meteor visible in northern Thailand in June 2021,2021-06-22,factcheck_afp,,"Images that show a meteor have been shared widely in Twitter and Facebook posts that claim these were shot in Thailand in June 2021. But this claim is false: the images are unrelated to recent meteor sightings in Thailand and have in fact circulated online since October 2015.The images were posted on Twitter here on June 22, 2021. They have been shared more than 1,800 times since.The Thai-language post translates as: “Who is in Chiangmai, they said a loud noise was heard along with green light during around 18:35 it is [an] #asteroid!!! #Chiangrai #meteor”. Screenshot of the misleading Twitter post taken on June 23, 2021The misleading post circulated the same night social media users in Chiang Mai and other areas in northern Thailand reported seeing flashes of light in the sky followed by loud noises.The National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) confirmed the event was due to a meteor that had broken off from an asteroid and entered the Earth’s atmosphere.Identical images were also shared alongside a similar claim on Facebook here, here and here; and on Twitter here and here.The claim is false: the images have circulated online since at least 2015.First imageA reverse search on Google found the first image was posted here on Instagram by weather photographer Marko Korosec on October 31, 2015.Its caption reads in part: “This spectacular and very bright bolide (fireball) from Southern Taurids meteor shower was observed this evening at 18:12 UTC, Oct 30th, 2015. Looking towards south from Brkini, SW Slovenia.”    View this post on Instagram           A post shared by Marko Korosec (@markokorosecnet)Below is a screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading post (L) and Korosec’s photo (R): Screenshot comparison of the first image in the misleading post (L) and Korosec’s photo (R)The image was also shared here on the website Spaceweather.com on October 31, 2015 -- and credited to Korosec.Second imageA further reverse search found the second image corresponds to the 59-second mark of this YouTube video posted on November 2, 2015.The video’s caption reads: “Collection of the November 2, 2015 meteorite clips in Thailand”.Below is a screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading post (L) and its corresponding frame in the YouTube video (R): Screenshot comparison of the second image in the misleading post (L) and its corresponding frame in the YouTube video (R)Video clips showing the same meteor were also shown in this news report aired on November 4, 2015 by Thai broadcaster Ch.3.",,These images have circulated online in reports about meteor sightings since October 2015,,,,,, -25,1,1,5,FALSE,Multiple Sources,2021-06-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/californians-can-charge-electric-vehicles-despite-heat-waves,California told everyone to not charge their electric cars,2021-06-18,factcheck_afp,,"Posts shared thousands of times on social media say California told its residents not to charge their electric cars because of a power shortage. This is false; the state has released voluntary energy saving tips that include charging vehicles before an electricity conservation alert is issued, and a spokeswoman for the grid operator denied people were forbidden from charging.“CALIFORNIA literally just told everyone to not charge their electric cars Due to power shortage,” a June 18, 2021 Facebook post read during a heat wave which sent temperatures soaring past 100 degrees Fahrenheit on some days, posing threats of energy shortages.  A screenshot of a Facebook post taken on June 22, 2021“So much for those green energy vehicles. California is asking us to conserve energy and strain on our power grid. No charging electric cars,” a social media user commented in a June 18 tweet. Other examples of the post can also be found on Twitter here, as well as Instagram and Facebook, here and here. “There is no truth in that statement,” Lindsay Buckley, director of communications and external affairs at the California Energy Commission, the state’s energy policy agency, said of the claim.Much of the western United States suffered a record heat wave in June, with approximately 50 million Americans placed on alert on June 15 for ""excessive"" temperatures, approaching 120 degrees Fahrenheit in some areas.As a result, the state’s non-profit power grid manager, California Independent System Operator (ISO), issued  several “Flex Alerts” to help keep the power grid stable. These called on residents to voluntarily conserve energy at selected times including during peak hours of consumption. Alerts were sent state-wide on June 17 and June 18, coinciding with when the social media claims about the electric vehicles started spreading. Anne Gonzales, senior public information officer at ISO, told AFP that they “have encouraged consumers to charge EVs (electric vehicles) before a Flex Alert begins. We do not say anything about ‘not charging’ in our messaging.”On June 17, California ISO also posted advice on what to do before and during a Flex Alert. The organization recommended charging battery powered cars prior to its start.  A screenshot of the Flex Alert website’s tips to help conserve energy in California The website dedicated to these energy saving tips recommends that people avoid charging electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles during an alert, and to charge them overnight instead. Buckley, of the Energy Commission, confirmed to AFP that Flex Alerts “are fully voluntary, and the program's messaging emphasizes shifting energy consumption -- not sacrificing.”Gil Tal, director of the Plug-in Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Research Center of the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis, told AFP that “Flex Alerts ask the public not to charge electric vehicles during the alert, which is usually 6:00 pm-9:00 pm or 5:00 pm-10:00 pm at the most.”Most drivers don’t replenish their vehicle batteries during those times anyway, Tal said.Electric vehicle drivers “usually charge at home and can use a timer to start charging after midnight or at work during the day. Very few actually charge during those (peak) hours and even fewer need to charge at that time,” he explained.He added that electric cars’ improved battery life generally only requires a charge every few days. As Californians rely heavily on motor vehicles, the transport sector accounts for about half of the state's greenhouse gas emissions.In September 2020, the office of Governor Gavin Newsom ordered that all new passenger vehicles sold in the state by 2035 should be zero-emission under a new rule aimed at fighting climate change and smog-fouled air.",,Californians can charge electric vehicles despite heat waves,,,,,, -26,3,1,5,Misleading,multiple sources,2021-07-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FE6UH-1,Vaccines on the market contain carcinogenic graphene oxide,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook posts have repeatedly shared a claim that all commercially available vaccines purportedly contain a cancer-causing substance called graphene oxide. But these posts are misleading: experts separately told AFP that graphene oxide is not used in commercially available vaccines. The most commonly used vaccines go through rigorous testing and have been safely used for decades, according to the World Health Organization.""After investigating the contents of vaccines, 99% was found to be graphene oxide. Like asbestos this causes cancer,"" reads this Korean-language Facebook post on July 12, 2021.""Graphene oxide was found in all vaccines commercially available,"" the post adds. Screenshot of the misleading post. Captured July 20, 2021.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene which is reportedly the world's thinnest material first isolated in 2004.A similar claim was also shared in Facebook posts here, here, here and here.But these posts are misleading, according to multiple experts.Graphene oxide ""No vaccines on the market [is] based on graphene oxide,"" Dr Park Jong-bo, a researcher at Biographene, a company that develops graphene-based medicine, told AFP on July 20, 2021.Vaccines currently in use are ""comprised of phospholipid layers, peptides or nucleic acids, and graphene oxide is not part of these categories,"" Park said. The claim that all commercially available vaccines were 99% made up of graphene oxide was ""ungrounded in fact,"" Professor Hong Byung-hee, an expert in nanomaterials at Seoul National University, told AFP on July 19, 2021.""Graphene is being tested for biomedical purposes, including for vaccines, but these applications are still in an experimental phase and a long wait is expected before they become commercially available following clinical trials,"" Hong said.Hong added that the claim that graphene oxide is purportedly like asbestos and causes cancer is misleading.""Graphene has a planar structure, and is very different from asbestos, which has a needle structure,"" he explained.""In the case of graphene oxide... there is some toxicity but relatively little, so the material is being widely researched for use in drug delivery systems and in vivo diagnostic sensors.""Published lists of ingredients in widely used Covid-19 vaccines -- Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen -- do not include graphene oxide. Vaccine safetyVaccines are available for some two dozen diseases including Covid-19, according to this list from the World Health Organization (WHO).""The most commonly used vaccines have been around for decades, with millions of people receiving them safely every year,"" the WHO states here.""Following the introduction of a vaccine, close monitoring continues to detect any unexpected adverse side effects.""",,"Available vaccines do not contain graphene oxide, experts say",,,,,, -27,1,1,5,False,የኢትዮጵያ ብልፅግና ፓርቲ,2021-07-20,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/no-evidence-putin-congratulated-ethiopian-pm-second-filling-controversial-mega-dam,Putin congratulates Ethiopian PM over GERD filling,2021-07-06,factcheck_afp,,"A Facebook post shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims that Russian President Vladimir Putin recently congratulated Ethiopia’s prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, on the second filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia's construction of the mega-dam has been a source of diplomatic tension with its downstream neighbours. However, this is false; the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa told AFP Fact Check that Putin never made any such comments. Furthermore, there is no official evidence of the Russian head of state issuing a statement regarding the GERD filling. The post, archived here, has been shared more than 350 times since it was published on Facebook on July 6, 2021. It was shared from an account called “Ethiopian Prosperity Party”, the political party led by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. However, the page is not an official account and was created by a party supporter.  Screenshot of the false Facebook post, taken on July 16, 2021The post features an image of Putin and Abiy shaking hands. “Congratulations Ethiopians! The second phase of the Abay dam filling is legitimate and demonstrates the right to use its own natural resources (sic),” reads a quote attributed to the Russian leader translated to English. “A country that has many thousand years of history, an example of freedom that doesn’t bend to oppression, the mother of many proud heroes, congratulations Ethiopia,” it concludes.The post surfaced after the onset of this year’s rainy season, which helped speed up the process of filling the mega-dam. An official told AFP  on July 19, 2021, that Ethiopia had attained its second-year target for filling the mega-dam on the Blue Nile River. Ethiopia hit its first target of 4.9 billion cubic metres in July 2020.Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been locked in a tug of war over the use of the Nile ever since Ethiopia started building and filling the GERD using water from the river. Both the governments of Egypt and Sudan have expressed concern that diverting Nile water into the GERD will restrict water supplies in the two countries, affecting millions of people’s livelihoods.Russian embassy denies remarksHowever, the remarks attributed to Putin are fabricated.Valentina Kim, a spokeswoman for the Russian embassy in Addis Ababa, said the leader had not congratulated Abiy. When asked about the false claims, Kim said: “We have not seen them”.“We cannot comment on an event [whose] existence is not proved,” she added. According to the Kremlin’s website, the most recent conversation between both leaders was a phone conversation on April 7, 2020.AFP Fact Check previously debunked a claim that Putin was backing Ethiopia in the dispute over the GERD. Similarly, AFP Fact Check debunked remarks falsely attributed to Putin where he allegedly ridiculed Ethiopia’s prime minister about cloud seeding technology.",,No evidence that Putin congratulated Ethiopian PM on the second filling of controversial mega-dam,,,,,, -28,2,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EV3G3-1,"Covid-19 vaccines contain ""nanotechnology"" that can change people's DNA",2021-07-05,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts claim that Covid-19 vaccines contain robotic ""nanotechnology"" that can change people's DNA. While they do include tiny fat bubbles to protect mRNA molecules -- an essential component of the shots -- they do not feature miniature robots, and experts say Covid-19 jabs cannot alter a person's genetic makeup.""NANOTECHNOLOGY IS IN THIS JAB THAT WILL ALTER DNA - STAY AWAY!"" warns a July 5, 2021 Facebook post that features images of miniature robots flooding out of a syringe and interacting with DNA and cells. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 13, 2021But the word ""nanotechnology"" refers to anything that has been engineered at the nanoscale, and it does not necessarily relate to mechanical or mineral elements, as the photo suggests. Nanotechnology is used in the food and cosmetics industries, for example.The mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna differ from previously administered inoculations. Instead of confronting the immune system with part of a virus in a weakened or deactivated form to build antibodies, they give it a ""blueprint"" of a part of the virus that the body can then recognize and fight when confronted by it later.They use tiny fat bubbles called lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate fragile mRNA molecules and the information they contain to protect them until they can be safely delivered into cells without being degraded by the body's enzymes. This video explains how the shots work.Most of the 334 million doses of Covid-19 administered in the United States were mRNA shots. More than 43 million doses in total have been put into arms in Canada.'Nanotechnology' misinterpretedCatherine Klapperich, professor of biomedical engineering at Boston University, told AFP on July 12 that ""there are no robots"" in the Covid-19 vaccines.She lamented that the word ""nanotechnology,"" coined decades ago, has been misinterpreted over time to suggest that ""there's some sort of active, living component that's going to go into your body and be like a little robot, march around and do stuff, and that that must be nefarious.""""But in actuality, the word 'nanotechnology' just simply means that these are technologies or materials that are the scale of a nanometer, and that's it. This is actually a very passive material, it's a lipid,"" she explained.""There's nothing mechanical, there's nothing electrical, there's nothing magnetic,"" she said, adding that without the lipids, very little of the mRNA would get into cells ""and the immune response would not be very strong.""A deluge of inaccurate claims about vaccines has spread across the internet as countries around the world seek to immunize their populations against Covid-19, which has killed more than four million people around the world.Covid-19 vaccines cannot alter people's DNAScientists have widely rejected the unsubstantiated claim that mRNA vaccines can modify human DNA, which AFP earlier debunked here and here.Matthew Miller, associate professor with the Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Science at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, said for a previous fact-check that ""mRNA is the code for proteins. It does not alter the DNA of your cells. Indeed, your cells naturally make mRNA from DNA.” Boston University's Klapperich explained that ""in your body, messenger RNA is made from DNA, and not the other way around... DNA is never edited, never copied, never changed"" -- and she said it cannot be because that is not something mRNA can do.Barry Pakes, assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto , told AFP on April 28 that ""the mRNA cannot be integrated into the human genome. We (humans) lack the enzymes to reverse transcribe mRNA to DNA.""The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also refuted the claim that Covid-19 vaccines can alter people's DNA here.""Covid-19 vaccines do not change or interact with your DNA in any way. Both mRNA and viral vector Covid-19 vaccines deliver instructions (genetic material) to our cells to start building protection against the virus that causes Covid-19. However, the material never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where our DNA is kept,"" the federal health agency states on its website.",,Covid-19 vaccines do not contain DNA-altering robots,,,,,, -29,1,1,5,False,Multiple Sources,2021-07-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9EY2LT-1,Image shows sunset at North Pole,2021-06-07,factcheck_afp,,"A picture that purports to show the Moon above the Sun has been shared thousands of times in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows a real sunset at the North Pole. The claim is false: the image has been digitally created by an artist. It has circulated online in misleading posts since at least 2006. The image was shared here on June 7, 2021 by a Facebook page based in New Zealand. A screenshot of the image shared to Facebook, taken July 14, 2021.The post's caption reads: “This is the sunset at the North Pole with the moon at its closest point last week. A scene most of us will probably never get to see in person. An amazing photo. Enjoy!”The image has been shared thousands of times alongside a similar claim on Facebook pages around the world, including Britain, Italy and the United States.The claim is false.The image, titled ""Hideaway"", was created by Germany-based artist Inga Nielsen.She creates artworks under her online pseudonym Gate to Nowhere and uploads them here on the art-sharing website Deviant Art.  A screenshot of the original artwork. ( AFP)The original image was created using Photoshop and digital landscape rendering software Terragen, according to Nielsen's caption on the original Deviant Art image. “After someone spread it on the web as [sic] photograph of a ‘Sunset at the north pole’, this image became quite popular. It is of course not a photo and it does not show a place anywhere near the terrestrial North Pole,” the caption reads. NASA explanationNASA featured 'Hideaway' as its Astronomy Photo of the Day.It debunked the claim the image showed a sunset at the North Pole, after it initally circulated online in misleading posts in 2006. “The scene could not exist anywhere on the Earth because from the Earth, the Moon and the Sun always have nearly the same angular size,” the NASA website reads. In 2011, astronomer Phil Plait also published this story in Discovery Magazine debunking claims that the image shows a sunset at the North Pole. In this Facebook post sharing the Discovery Magazine article, Nielsen confirmed the image was never intended to be a sunset on Earth. ""This is an alien world thousands if not millions of light years away,"" she wrote.",,This image of the Moon above the Sun was created digitally by an artist,,,,,, -30,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-07-02,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/vaccination-does-not-cause-babies-die-their-sleep,Childhood vaccination causes Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS),2021-06-14,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts make a series of inaccurate claims linking childhood vaccination and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). But medical experts say vaccines do not cause babies to suddenly die, and that evidence indicates there are lower rates of SIDS in children who receive the recommended shots.Medical understanding of SIDS -- a sudden death of a seemingly healthy infant, generally during sleep -- remains incomplete. But the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia say studies show that vaccines do not cause the rare syndrome.Below, AFP Fact Check examines various claims about SIDS and vaccines.‘VIDS’“SIDS has always been VIDS,” says a June 14, 2021 Facebook post with a screenshot of a tweet, abbreviating “Vaccine Infant Death Syndrome.” “Everyone knows a family who lost a perfectly healthy baby to SIDS- a mysterious infant death for no medical reason. Now look around you. How many perfectly healthy adults are dying shortly after their vaccine shot. 2+2=?” says the June 13 tweet, in an implied comparison between SIDS deaths and purported fatalities linked to Covid-19 shots.AFP has debunked numerous false or misleading claims linking the Covid-19 inoculations to deaths. Screenshot of a tweet taken on June 30, 2021But childhood vaccines and Covid-19 shots are not comparable. In the US, the vaccine schedule between the ages of two and four months -- when an infant is most at risk for SIDS -- prevents diseases including hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio.By contrast, Covid-19 shots protect against the illness caused by the novel coronavirus and are not currently recommended for children under 12 years old. Mayo Clinic, Children's National and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) say that immunizing babies may be associated with lower risk of SIDS.Dr Rachel Moon, who chairs the AAP Task Force on SIDS, said that while there is overlap in the period of high risk for SIDS and frequent vaccinations for babies, “multiple studies have looked at this relationship and found that there is no causal relationship, meaning that it’s a coincidence in timing.”“There is no increased risk of SIDS when you get the vaccines. And actually, the studies suggest that babies who are vaccinated are at lower risk of SIDS. That may be because if you’ve been recently ill, you’re more likely to die from SIDS. Vaccinated babies are less likely to get ill, for multiple reasons,” she added.Dr Robert Jacobson, a pediatrician at Mayo Clinic, agreed. “If anything, we see lower rates of Sudden Infant Death among infants vaccinated than in infants who have foregone the vaccinations,” he said.While this reduction may not be directly due to vaccination, ""there’s no data that has shown any one of the vaccines actually increases your risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,” he said.Link to coronavirus restrictions?Social media posts that circulated in 2020 claimed that the decline in immunizations brought on by measures aimed at curbing the spread of Covid-19 led to a decrease in SIDS cases. ""One of the many lessons from the pandemic: fewer pediatrician vaccine visits… and a massive decline in children inexplicably dying in their sleep. (SIDS/SUIDS). Related? Yes. Stop pretending otherwise,” said a screenshot of a tweet in a July 20, 2020 Facebook post. Screenshot of part of a Facebook post, taken on July 2, 2021A Twitter spokesperson said that the account that shared the message is now suspended from Twitter for “coordinated harmful activity,” which can include spreading medical misinformation.The head of the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Robert Anderson, said that data does not show evidence of a “massive” decline in SIDS or infant mortality in general for the first half of 2020.In fact, the yearly number of infant deaths attributed to SIDS ending in the second half of 2019 is equal to the amount during the first half of 2020 -- less than 34 per 100,000 live births.   Screenshot of SIDS death data on the National Center for Health Statistics website, taken on July 1, 2021 Anderson noted that the 2020 data may be “slightly underestimated” because “deaths ultimately attributed to SIDS (or similar terminology) tend to be delayed as they typically require a lengthy investigation.”Faulty ‘evidence’False claims of a link between childhood vaccines and SIDS long predate Covid-19. Some social media posts cite a study by Dr William Torch to back the claim that vaccines cause SIDS, but the 1982 study was challenged by researchers, and Torch himself admitted it was difficult to draw definite conclusions from his work. Screenshot of part of a Facebook post, taken on July 2, 2021A significant decline in US cases in the 1990s is attributed to the implementation of the “Back-to-Sleep” program, which instructs parents on how to safely put their babies to bed.Placing infants on their back on a firm surface with no other items, such as toys or blankets, in a room shared with a parent are all ways to reduce risk of SIDS.SIDS in JapanOther posts laud Japan for halting vaccinations for children under two in 1994, claiming that the country then experienced a 96 percent drop in infant mortality rate. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 1, 2021 While it is true that children in Japan are particularly healthy by international standards, they are also one of the most vaccinated populations in the world.The Japanese schedule for vaccines is similar to that of the US, with multiple shots recommended for babies between two and four months.Japanese law was indeed amended in 1994 to make vaccination more of a civic duty than a strict legal obligation, but in practice, schools ask for children’s vaccination history as they apply.The law on vaccines stipulates that all citizens “must endeavour to undergo a routine vaccination” against “category A diseases,” such as measles, mumps, rubeola, and tetanus. Although there are no fines for not vaccinating children, inoculation rates are very high and frequently reach 100 percent of the population for certain diseases, according to the Japanese Health Ministry.Data showed that SIDS rates in Japan actually took an upturn around 1995 following the law change, but declined in subsequent years.",,Vaccination does not cause babies to die in their sleep,,,,,, -31,1,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-06-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/misleading-claims-about-magnetism-spread-meat-poultry,Meat has been injected with material that makes it magnetic,2021-06-14,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts claim chicken and beef have been injected with prion proteins, nanoparticles or other material that make them stick to fridge magnets. But the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) says its surveillance measures guard against metallic contamination, while experts add that prions could not be responsible, and nanoparticles are not being added to meat.“Don’t go to the store without your magnet,” says a June 14, 2021 Facebook post. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken June 16, 2021In the video, a man sticks a small round magnet onto the outside of a package of chicken. He says: “They’re just putting little prions in here,” suggesting that the prions -- an infectious protein -- are causing magnetic effects.Multiple posts making similar claims about a variety of packaged and unpackaged poultry and meat products can also be found on Instagram, where the most popular iteration has topped 40,000 views. Videos on YouTube and Tik Tok, as well as compilation videos, have further spread the claim.It comes after a series of false and misleading claims that linked Covid-19 vaccinations to magnetism spread around the world. These included a hoax, supposedly shown in videos, that people’s arms exhibit magnetic properties after they receive the shots.Other posts claim a variety of reasons as to why magnets may stick to the meat. One says, “they are putting magnetic nano partials (sic) in our meat,” while another claims “they put heavy toxic metals in our food supply.” Mick West, a British-American science writer, published a video on Metabunk.org, a website dedicated to debunking pseudoscience, demonstrating that magnets, coins, or other smooth objects will stick to various body parts, if one’s skin is slightly oily. “Remove the oil and the object will not stick,” he explains.For similar reasons, magnets might stick to meat and poultry “due to the texture, angle or moisture of the product,” the USDA told AFP.“However, this does not mean that there is metal in the meat or poultry. All meat and poultry products bearing the USDA mark of inspection have been inspected for safety, wholesomeness, and accurate labeling,” a USDA spokesperson said on June 21, 2021.The spokesperson added that all establishments inspected by USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service are required to have a system in place “designed to prevent, eliminate, or reduce to acceptable levels any biological, chemical, or physical hazard that is reasonably likely to occur in the product.”As a result, it is unlikely that an undetected piece of metal could contaminate meat products, the spokesperson said, with many establishments going so far as to “install metal detectors and/or X-ray devices for screening their final products to ensure no accidental/unexpected metal (shaving or a broken piece) is present”.FSIS personnel also conduct regular inspections.As for the social media claim that prions may be a magnetic component found in meat, “this suggested hypothesis has no foundation in science,” the USDA spokesperson said, adding: “They are organic matter. More specifically, they are misfolded proteins. Therefore, they would lack any sort of magnetic quality.”Prions have an association with meat through the most well-known prion disease, BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) -- also called mad cow disease -- which affects cattle and is believed to be related to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans. Dr James Mastrianni, a professor of neurology at University of Chicago Medicine, told AFP on June 17, 2021: “There is some association of prions in meat, but these came from diseased cows being inadvertently used in the preparation of bovine-derived food. They were never purposely injected into meat, although how could anyone disprove such a crazy hypothesis?“Even if they were injected into meat, they are not magnetic and could certainly not perform the magic act of making a magnet stick to it.”Some of the claims suggest that the phenomenon is caused by nanoparticles -- tiny materials invisible to the eye which can be of various types. Iron is a natural component of beef and other meats but Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the Center for Food Safety, an activist group, told AFP on June 21, 2021: “While there is a remote chance that a powerful magnet could pick up on the magnetism of the iron in meat, it is really unlikely that most refrigerator magnets are that sensitive.“As far as I know, no nano ingredients are being added to meats in the US.”",,"Misleading claims about magnetism spread to meat, poultry",,,,,, -32,1,1,2.5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-06-22,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/posts-misleadingly-claim-muslim-woman-appointed-director-indias-space-agency,Muslim woman Khushboo Mirza appointed director of Indian Space Research Organisation,2021-06-02,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared in multiple Facebook and Instagram posts alongside a claim that it shows a Muslim woman, Khushboo Mirza, who was purportedly appointed “director” of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The claim is misleading: there is no such post within the ISRO. Mirza has worked as a scientist for the organisation since 2006, according to her LinkedIn profile and says she has never held the post of “director”. The photo was published here on Facebook on June 2, 2021.The post’s Hindi-language caption translates to English as: “Young Khushboo Mirza becomes the director of ISRO due to her talent.” The text superimposed on the image translates as: “35-year old scientist Miss Khushboo Mirza has been promoted as the director in ISRO. She is an alumnus of Aligarh Muslim University and the only 2nd Muslim scientist after APJ Abdul Kalam to hold this rank at ISRO.”ISRO is the Indian Space Research Organisation.Aligarh Muslim University is located in the north Indian city of Aligarh.APJ Abdul Kalam was a former space scientist and President of India.The photo was shared with a similar claim on Facebook here and here; and here on Instagram.The claim is misleading.There is no position with the title “director” within the ISRO, according to this page on the agency’s website.The agency’s most senior position is the chairman. K. Sivan is listed as the chairman as of June 22, 2021.Khushboo Mirza has been working as a scientist with ISRO since 2006, according to her official LinkedIn profile.Mirza was part of the research team of India’s space missions to moon in 2008 and 2019, as reported by Indian news outlets Indian Express; TwoCircles.net; News18; and Patrika.Several Indian news websites, for example here and here, misleadingly claimed Mirza was promoted to director within the ISRO in June 2020.Mirza denied rumours of her promotion here in a Facebook post on June 27, 2020.Below is a screenshot of her Facebook post: She told Indian news site The Quint in June 2021: “The claim that I have been promoted to the Director rank in ISRO is absolutely false. Such claims have been made in the past as well. I have brought this to the notice of my organisation as well.”Former Indian president APJ Abdul Kalam has also never held a top position in the ISRO as claimed in the misleading posts. His name does not feature in this list of former chairmen within the organisation.",,Posts misleadingly claim Muslim woman appointed ‘director’ of India’s space agency,,,,,, -33,3,1,5,Missing context,Multiple sources,2021-06-17,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/defend-billionaires-sign-picturing-musk-not-real-ad,"Billboard of Elon Musk that reads ""Defend Billionaires"" spotted ""in the wild""",2021-06-09,factcheck_afp,,"A tweet claims a billboard with Elon Musk’s photo that reads “Defend billionaires” can be seen outdoors. But the sign is not real. It is the digital artwork of designer Martin Sprouse, and the image was published on Sprouse’s Instagram account the month before it spread on Twitter.“Spotted in the wild. I hate this mf place,” the June 9, 2021 tweet reads. As of June 17, the post had gathered more than 40,000 likes and nearly 7,000 retweets. A screenshot of the tweet taken on June 17, 2021The same visual was also shared on Facebook, here and here, and on Instagram.The image started to be widely shared on social media after the release of an investigative report by New York-based journalism nonprofit ProPublica, which revealed several of the richest Americans have paid zero income tax in some years, including Tesla chief Musk and Amazon’s chairman Jeff Bezos. The report comes as Washington weighs new proposals to address tax avoidance among wealthy individuals and companies.Some social media users, however, were not fooled by the visual imagery and recognized it as a creation of California designer Sprouse. AFP Fact Check found that the original artwork was posted on his official Instagram account “3chordpolitics” on May 18, 2021, about three weeks before the image started to get shared on social media by other users, a search on social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle shows. A similar creation using Bezos’s photo was published by Sprouse on June 11, 2021. In a 2020 interview on YouTube, the artist explained how he does these pieces mainly to express himself, “and maybe, I think people figure it out on their own, they see the graphic and it confirms what they’re feeling, or pisses them off... or they feel comfort and solidarity, which I think is a huge part of the graphics.” “You make a ‘Fuck the police’ graphic, not just to piss off the police, it’s to make comfort for people that have that same feeling,” he said during the interview. At the time of writing this article Sprouse had not responded to an AFP request for comment.",,‘Defend billionaires’ sign picturing Musk is not real ad,,,,,, -34,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-06-15,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/us-teen-space-enthusiast-has-not-been-chosen-one-way-mission-mars,Aspiring astronaut Alyssa Carson is selected for a one way mission to Mars,2021-05-31,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook posts shared thousands of times claim a 20-year-old American space enthusiast, Alyssa Carson, has been selected for a one-way voyage to become ""the first living being to land on Mars"". The claim is false: as of June 15, 2021, Carson was not a qualified astronaut, and the technology to facilitate a human mission to Mars is still in development. As of June 15, 2021, there were no credible reports of Carson joining a mission to Mars.The claim was shared in this Facebook post published on May 31, 2021. It has been shared more than 500 times.“Beautiful girl Alyssa Carson will voyage to Mars, never to return, on behalf of Earth,” reads the Sinhala-language text.“Usually, as a girl grows up, she has various hopes and dreams. But wouldn't you be surprised if you were told that a 20-year-old girl was ready to risk her life, not knowing what will happen to her and embark on a journey from which she will never return? That is Alyssa Carson, the first living being to land on Mars.” Carson has made headlines for her dream of being among the first humans on Mars. The undergraduate student has taken part in various space camps and academies, and earned her pilot’s license aged 18, according to her website and LinkedIn profile.  Similar posts claiming Carson has been selected for a one-way voyage to Mars have been shared here, here and here.However, the claim is false.As of June 15, 2021, Carson was not a qualified astronaut.""To be able to actually apply as an astronaut, I need a master's degree and then some work experience. It's pretty tough competition,” she told ABC Australia in an interview published on April 1, 2021.Carson and her team did not immediately respond to AFP requests for comment. But as of June 15, 2021 there were no reports of her being selected for a mission to Mars either on her official website, verified social media pages, or in any media reports.NASA said it has not selected any crew members for a mission to Mars.It said it had also not selected a crew for its Artemis programme, which will send astronauts to the Moon to test new technologies ahead of a mission to Mars.“At this time, we have not yet made any crew assignments for Artemis or Mars missions,” NASA Public Affairs Officer Kathryn Hambleton told AFP.The agency says it hopes to send humans to Mars as early as the 2030s. ""Technology development has already begun to enable a crewed Mars mission as early as the 2030s. Many of the capabilities will be demonstrated at the Moon first, during the Artemis missions, while other systems are more uniquely suited for deeper space,"" says the agency.Hambleton said that NASA “does not have any formal relationship” with Alyssa Carson.“NASA has lots of ways we engage with students to promote NASA's core missions and space exploration in general, and we love to see students get interested and excited. However, we do not have any formal relationship with Ms. Carson,” she said.Responding to the claim about a one-way mission to Mars, NASA’s Hambleton said: “We will always bring our crew members home”.",,US teen space enthusiast has not been chosen for one-way mission to Mars,,,,,, -35,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-06-14,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/false-magnetic-claims-circulate-online-about-astrazeneca-vaccine,AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccines make human bodies pair with a Bluetooth device,2021-05-28,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple social media posts have shared claims that electronic devices “recognise” people who have received the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine. The posts go on to claim that anyone who receives the vaccine will become “magnetic”; will have their DNA altered and will die from blood clots. The claims are false, according to health experts.The claims were shared here on Naver Blog on May 28, 2021.The post's Korean-language caption translates to English as: “Electronic devices recognise a person who got vaccinated against Covid-19 as another device with a Bluetooth function. They pair you and you show up as ‘AstraZeneca’.“Now it all makes sense that people who get a Covid-19 jab dies due to a rare blood clot and becomes magnetic. It has become clear that the vaccines alter your DNA.” Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on June 10, 2021.The claim was shared alongside several screenshots of a video overlaid with English-language text that reads: “AstraZeneca Bluetooth Side Effect” and “Connect to the Bluetooth see what happens part 2!”The video was originally posted on TikTok here on June 4, 2021. It has since been removed.The AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine is among the three coronavirus vaccines being administered in South Korea.As of June 14, 2021, the country had administered more than 7.9 million first doses and more than 711,000 second doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine.Similar claims have also been shared on Facebook here and here; as well as on the South Korean social media site Daum Cafe here. The claims are false, according to health experts.Not magnetic“There are no ingredients in the AstraZeneca vaccines or any other Covid-19 vaccines that could turn people into Bluetooth or make a human body react to Bluetooth,” a spokesperson at the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) told AFP on June 9, 2021.“Scientifically, the claim does not make sense.”AFP has previously debunked false posts that claim people exhibit magnetic properties after being vaccinated for Covid-19.People can easily change their Bluetooth name using their mobile devices or Windows operating system, as explained here in Korean and here in English.'Extremely rare'No one in South Korea has died from rare blood clots associated with the AstraZeneca vaccine as of June 14, 2021.To date, authorities have reported one patient developed blood clots after receiving the jab.“The patient has been treated and recovered,” a KDCA official told AFP on June 14, 2021.“A possibility of having a blood clot as a result of the vaccination against Covid-19 is extremely rare,” the agency said here on its website on June 10, 2021.“It can be treated and recovered if it’s diagnosed at an early stage.”The European Medicines Agency has said unusual blood clots should be listed as a very rare side effect of the AstraZeneca vaccine, although it has stressed that its overall benefits in preventing Covid-19 outweigh the risks. AFP reported on the developments here.False DNA claimCovid-19 vaccines cannot alter DNA, health experts say. “Whilst [Covid-19 vaccine] technologies both use genetic codes to produce the spike protein inside the body, this code cannot be incorporated into the body’s DNA,” the Oxford University-run Vaccine Knowledge Project said here on March 17, 2021.“Vaccines do not contain the ‘specialised tools’ needed to ‘copy’ or ‘edit’ DNA.”AFP has previously debunked false claims that Covid-19 vaccines alter DNA.",,False ‘magnetic’ claims circulate online about AstraZeneca vaccine,,,,,, -36,2.5,1,5,Missing context,Multiple sources,2021-06-11,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/vessel-image-was-actually-built-2019,Image shows recently made vessel by Sri Lankan engineers,2021-06-06,factcheck_afp,,"In June 2021, Sri Lankan Facebook users shared an image of a ship they claimed was built ""a few days ago"". But the claim is misleading: the ship in the photograph was actually built and delivered to a Japanese company in 2019.The image of the ship was shared in this post published on June 6, 2021.The Sinhala text superimposed on the image reads: “How’s the biggest ship made in Sri Lanka that impressed even the Japanese? How does it look -- the biggest ship made a few days ago in Sri Lanka with 100 percent knowledge from local engineers? Within a matter of about 21 months, this ship was produced under the request of a Japanese company.” Screenshot of the Facebook post captured on June 7,2021 The same image and claim were shared on Facebook such as here, here and here.However, the claim is misleading.The ship was not built recently -- manufacturing began in Sri Lanka in 2017 and was completed in 2019.A Google keyword search found this article published by Sri Lanka’s leading shipbuilding company, Colombo Dockyard PLC, on June 25, 2019.The article, titled “Colombo Dockyard delivers 'KDDI Cable Infinity' built for Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. Japan”, says in part: “Colombo Dockyard PLC (CDPLC) delivered the first ever modern Cable Laying Vessel built for Kokusai Cable Ship Co. Ltd. (KCS) Japan, on 21st June 2019 attended by a host of dignitaries. This is the biggest ever vessel, price-wise as well as length-wise, built by Colombo Dockyard in its illustrious journey of shipbuilding excellence and the first ever ship built ‘in its class’ from Sri Lanka to Japan.”The prototype of the ship that was unveiled at the event matches the image of the ship in the misleading Facebook posts. Below is a comparison between the photo of the model ship from the 2019 article (L) and the image of the ship in the misleading posts (R) with identical markings highlighted by AFP in yellow:  Comparison between the photo of the model ship from the 2019 article (L) and the image of the ship in the misleading posts (R) with identical markings highlighted by AFP in yellow:A keyword further search found this clip published on Colombo Dockyard’s official YouTube channel on August 16, 2019 that features the ship titled: ‘KDDI Cable Infinity Vessel’.Below is a screenshot comparison of the vessel in the YouTube video (L) and the image in the misleading Facebook posts (R): Multiple local media reports were published in 2019 regarding the production of the cable ship including here by Sri Lankan online newspaper ColomboPage and here by local news service EconomyNext.",,The vessel in the image was actually built in 2019,,,,,, -37,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-06-10,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/fabricated-tweet-falsely-claims-facebook-founder-had-dig-nigerian-leaders-health,Zuckerberg says Buhari needs medical check up,2021-06-01,factcheck_afp,,"A screenshot shared hundreds of times on Facebook claims to show a tweet from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg making derogatory comments about the health of Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari. In reality, the tweet was fabricated and Zuckerberg does not have a verified or active Twitter account.“The Nigerian president needs medical checkup he maybe suffering from the inability to think properly (sic),” reads the screenshot of the purported tweet, which was shared on Facebook here, here and here. A screenshot showing the fabricated tweet, taken on June 7, 2021Twitter ban in NigeriaThe tweet appeared after Nigeria’s government announced the indefinite suspension of Twitter on June 4, 2021. The move came in response to the platform deleting one of the president’s tweets for violating Twitter policy, as AFP reported here.The ban sparked international criticism. Joint statement on the Government of Nigeria’s announcement to suspend Twitter ⬇️ #TwitterBan We continue to advocate for the fundamental #HumanRights to freedom of speech and access to information, protected by #Nigeria’s constitution. https://t.co/T57glGUwin pic.twitter.com/sfXKV7Z3HZ — Canada in Nigeria (@CanHCNigeria) June 5, 2021Facebook has since also removed the same comments by Buhari but the Nigerian government has yet to take action against the social media network.Zuckerberg and TwitterThe tweet was fabricated and Zuckerberg has no verified Twitter account. Zuckerberg joined the platform in 2009 under the handle @finkd, not “@Markzuckerberg” as seen in the hoax screenshot. Since creating his account, the Facebook founder has tweeted only 19 times, with his last tweet dating back to January 2012. A screenshot taken on June 9, 2021, showing Zuckerberg's Twitter account and last tweetThough unverified, the account is followed by Google CEO Sundar Pichai, YouTube, Microsoft and Zuckerberg’s Facebook. @finkd is followed by Google CEO, YouTube, Microsoft and Facebook itselfIn 2009, Zuckerberg was reported to have maintained a private account with the handle @zuck which sent no public tweet until it was deactivated. He rejoined Twitter in March 2009 with his current handle, although the account is dormant today. Business Insider reported that Zuckerberg followed only one person in 2019. Zuckerberg used these accounts around the time he was looking to buy Twitter but the deal failed.None of Zuckerberg’s 19 tweets mention Nigeria or Buhari, who was elected in 2015, three years after Zuckerberg last tweeted. There is also no evidence that Zuckerberg has tweeted at all in 2021.According to the fabricated screenshot, the tweet has been retweeted 2.6 million times and liked 3.7 million times. If this was the case, it would be one of the most shared tweets in Twitter history. Wikipedia keeps a list of the most retweeted tweets in history and according to the list, the tweet does not exist.Tweets are easily fabricatedIt is difficult to prove a tweet once existed after it has been deleted unless it was archived on websites like Wayback Machine. The New York Times created a database of all tweets posted by former US president Donald Trump, while Factbase saved all his deleted tweets here. Tweets can also easily be doctored. For example, TweetGen is a website that can be used to generate tweets of choice with pictures and timestamps to make them look real, as shown in the example below: An image of a fabricated tweet made by AFP Fact CheckFacebook is yet to reply to AFP Fact Check’s request for comment.",,Fabricated tweet falsely claims Facebook founder had dig at Nigerian leader’s health,,,,,, -38,1,1,5,False,multiple sources,2021-06-10,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/false-reasons-refuse-covid-19-vaccines-circulate-online,Eight reasons not to get vaccinated against Covid-19,2021-05-29,factcheck_afp,,"As South Korea races to speed up its Covid-19 vaccine roll-out, posts emerged on social media sharing a list of “reasons” not to get the jab. The claims are false: AFP has previously debunked all purported reasons cited in the misleading posts, including claims that coronavirus vaccines have not been tested on animals or that their ingredients have not been published by pharmaceutical companies.The claim was shared here on South Korean blogging platform Naver Blog on May 29, 2021.The Korean-language post reads: “I met with a prominent professor of biotechnology. He’s currently working at a university in Boston, USA. We talked about the current Covid-19 situation.“Since he is afraid of being called a conspiracy theorist, he didn’t want to identify himself. But I’m sharing what I heard because it might be helpful to you.” Screenshot of the misleading Naver Blog post, taken on June 4, 2021.The post lists “eight reasons not to get vaccinated”:1) mRNA technology lacks a track record of studies;2) There is no scientific evidence that Covid-19 vaccines can protect people;3) The virus’s spike protein sheds and reproduces itself;4) The body will become a factory to produce spike protein;5) Covid-19 vaccines were not tested on animals;6) Vaccine makers did not reveal the ingredients of their products;7) Doctors are afraid of reporting adverse events in case of retaliation from drug companies; and8) PCR tests are not scientifically reliable.The same list has been shared on Facebook here and here; on Naver Blog here and here; and on Daum Blog here.The claim surfaced as South Korea raced to beef up its coronavirus vaccine roll-out, with authorities pledging to inoculate 13 million people with their first dose by the end of June.While South Korea was held up as a model in handling the pandemic, the government has faced criticism for an initially sluggish vaccination campaign compared with other developed countries.However, the claims are false. AFP has previously debunked all purported reasons cited in the misleading posts.mRNA technologyMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, like the ones developed by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, deliver genetic instructions to produce the viral proteins needed to provoke a safe but robust offensive against the coronavirus.While no mRNA vaccine had ever been approved for humans before the pandemic, the technology has been in the making for years.“mRNA vaccines have been studied before for flu, Zika, rabies, and cytomegalovirus (CMV),” the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on its website on March 4, 2021.“As soon as the necessary information about the virus that causes COVID-19 was available, scientists began designing the mRNA instructions for cells to build the unique spike protein into an mRNA vaccine.”The CDC said mRNA vaccines have been held to the same standards as all other types of vaccines in the United States.Covid-19 vaccine efficacyInternational health experts recommend taking the vaccine to build immunity against SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes Covid-19. “Studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are effective at keeping you from getting COVID-19. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine will also help keep you from getting seriously ill even if you do get COVID-19,” the World Health Organization (WHO) said on October 28, 2020.Scientists are still learning how well vaccines prevent the transmission of the virus, although “early data show that vaccines help keep people with no symptoms from spreading COVID-19,” the CDC said.Spike proteinsHealth experts said there is no shedding of the virus’s spike protein -- which the vaccine makes inside the body to elicit an immune response -- when people receive a Covid-19 jab.Dasantila Golemi-Kotra, a microbiologist at Canada’s York University said that “no spike protein gets shed when we get vaccinated.”“Even if the spike protein was shedding, although impossible, this protein cannot infect someone else,” she told AFP in April 2021. Barry Pakes, assistant professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, also explained in April 2021 that “there is absolutely no evidence whatsoever of shedding of spike protein in vaccinated individuals, nor is it even theoretically possible.”Scientists said that mRNA from vaccines was quickly degraded in the body.“There is no doubt that after a very short period of time, after it has created antigens [proteins] which in turn lead to antibodies, the RNA from the vaccine is destroyed,” French geneticist Axel Kahn told AFP in December 2020.Animal testsIn the US, three Covid-19 vaccines have been authorised for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): one from Pfizer-BioNtech, another from Moderna and a third from Johnson & Johnson.All three companies disclosed the results of trials on non-human subjects. The vaccines caused an immune response that protected animals against a SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes Covid-19.Vaccine ingredientsIngredients of four major Covid-19 vaccines are available to check on the websites of either manufacturers or health authorities: Oxford–AstraZeneca, Pfizer–BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson and Moderna.Reporting adverse eventsVaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a tool to report adverse events from vaccination. It is a passive reporting system, meaning it relies on individuals to send in reports of their experiences, according to the system’s official website.“Anyone can submit a report to VAERS, including parents and patients,” it reads. In particular, healthcare providers are required by law to report adverse events; regardless of whether the vaccine is thought to have caused the adverse event.PCR testsA PCR test diagnoses people who are currently infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes Covid-19.The test, which involves collecting a swab sample from a person’s nose or throat, is considered the most accurate and reliable test for Covid-19, according to Cleveland Clinic,  a nonprofit American academic medical centre based in Cleveland, Ohio.AFP has debunked hundreds of false claims about vaccines and the pandemic, which are available here.",,False ‘reasons’ to refuse Covid-19 vaccines circulate online,,,,,, -39,1,1,5,False,,2021-06-09,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/digital-effects-image-misrepresented-online-actual-photo-himalayas-space,Actual photo of the Himalayas taken from the International Space Station,2021-06-03,factcheck_afp,,"Multiple Facebook and Twitter posts have shared an image that they claim shows an actual photograph of the Himalayas shot from the International Space Station. But the claim is false: the image is not an actual photograph and was in fact created using digital effects software.The image was posted June 3, 2021 by an India-based user here in a public Facebook group called ‘Mysterious Facts’. The misleading post’s caption says: “The Himalayas from the International Space Station”. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on June 4, 2021.The same image and claim have been widely shared online, for example on Facebook here, here and here; on Twitter here and here in English, and here in Spanish; and on 9GAG here since 2020.But the claim is false.The image is actually computer-generated and was created by graphic designer Christoph Hormann using digital effects technology. A Google reverse image search found the same image on Hormann’s website where prints of his work are available for purchase.Hormann’s website states he produces “illustrations of geographic contexts in the best possible quality”.The misleading posts have rotated the original image created by Hormann 90 degrees clockwise and cropped out the credits.  Screenshots comparing the original image and the image in the misleading post. Taken June 4, 2021.Further keyword searches found the image was also shared here with the correct caption by Science Photo Library, a stock photography website.Its caption reads in part: “This image was created by Christoph Hormann using data obtained from satellites such as Landsat and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission).“The data was processed into computer models using three-dimensional rendering software and then coloured and distorted to mimic the natural curvature of the Earth.”Actual photographs taken from the ISS of the Himalayas and other places on Earth, can be found on NASA’s official website.",,Digital effects image misrepresented online as actual photo of the Himalayas from space,,,,,, -40,5,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ4QH-3,Passengers protest as ruling PTI ministers cause flight delay in Pakistan,2021-07-23,factcheck_afp,,"A video of angry passengers at an airport has been shared in social media posts that claim they were arguing with ministers from Pakistan's ruling PTI party after their flight was ""delayed for four hours"" to wait for them. The claim is false; the video has circulated online in reports about passengers blaming civil aviation officials for a delayed flight in July 2018, shortly before the PTI came to power.""The PIA flight from Islamabad to Skardu was delayed for four hours while waiting for a few ministers of PTI and their families. Watch and listen to what an American-settled family told the minister when he arrived at the airport,"" reads an Urdu-language Facebook post from July 23.PIA refers to Pakistan International Airlines, while PTI refers to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, the country's ruling party.The video, viewed more than 190,000 times, shows a woman arguing with a group of men in suits at an airport lounge.""You walk over the people who have given you the rank and status, this is shameful,"" she says. ""We have missed our flights due to this delay"". Other passengers chant ""shame, shame"". A screenshot taken on July 26, 2021 of the misleading Facebook post ( AFP)Similar posts were shared here, here and here on Facebook and here, here and here on Twitter.The posts sparked criticism from social media users.""Very disappointed by PTI's governance,"" one person commented.However, the claim is false. This video does not show an altercation between passengers and PTI ministers, but between passengers and the civil aviation officials in 2018.A reverse image search on Google found the same video published on July 19, 2018 here on YouTube, titled: ""PIA Flight delayed from Islamabad to skardu"".Below is a screenshots comparison of the video posted in July 2018 (L) and the video in the recent misleading posts (R): A screenshots comparison of the video posted in July 2018 (L) and the video in the recent misleading posts (R): ( AFP)Pakistani newspaper The Nation also included a similar image in this report on passengers protesting a delayed flight on July 17, 2018 at Skardu airport, alleging that the airline management had sacrificed customers’ rights to favour top Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) officials with a ""joyride"".Below is a screenshot comparison of the video posted in the misleading posts (L) and the image published on The Nation (R): Screenshot comparison of the video posted in the misleading posts (L) and the image published on The Nation (R):Dawn newspaper reported the same incident here on July 18, 2018.At that time, Pakistan was under a caretaker government awaiting elections on July 25, 2018. PTI came to power in August 2018 and had no federal or provincial ministers when the video in the misleading posts started to circulate in July.The swearing-in of Prime Minister Imran Khan, the founder and the Chairman of PTI, was reported by AFP here on August 18, 2018.",,Old video of passengers protesting delayed flight in Pakistan misleads on social media,,,,,, -41,2,1,5,Misleading,Multiple Sources,2021-07-28,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GM4T3-1,Pakistan opposition party supporters in police van during recent elections,2021-07-25,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook and Twitter posts in Pakistan purport to show a photo of supporters of an opposition party travelling in a police vehicle during recent provincial elections in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. The claim is misleading: the image is from 2018 and shows party supporters in the capital Islamabad during national elections that year.The image was posted here on Facebook on July 25, 2021. “It’s Raja Farooq’s government and the police are fully supporting the N-League. The Election Commission in the Kashmir elections is sleeping with its eyes closed,” reads the post’s Urdu-language caption.Raja Farooq Haider Khan is a member of the opposition Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) party and the Prime Minister of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, known locally as Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK) province. The image shows people travelling in a police van while waving a PML-N flag. Screenshot of the image with the misleading caption. Taken on July 27, 2021. ( AFP / ) The province -- which follows a separate electoral process from the rest of Pakistan -- held its polls on July 25, which were won by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) party.Several users appeared to believe the photo was from the recent AJK elections. One wrote in Urdu: “The League supporters will achieve nothing, we’ve visited all of Kashmir. Allah willing, PTI will win” while another wrote in an Urdu transliteration: “In Pakistan, the police supports PTI against the TLP. They supported the N-League here, so what?”The photo was shared with similar claims on Facebook here and here; and on Twitter here, here and here.However, the posts are misleading. The image shows PML-N supporters in the nation’s capital Islamabad during the national elections in 2018.A reverse image search found the same photo posted here in a report by local media outlet Dawn News in 2018. The first paragraph of the report reads: “ISLAMABAD: Taking advantage of police leniency, workers from the PML-N used official police vans to escort former prime minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi during a campaign rally on Thursday.”Below is a screenshot comparing the image in the misleading posts (L) with the one from Dawn News (R). The word ‘Islamabad’ can also be seen on the license plates in both images and has been circled in red by AFP: Screenshot comparing the photo in the misleading post (L) with the one from Dawn News (R). Taken on July 27, 2021. ( AFP / )",,"This is an old image showing Pakistan's national elections in 2018, not the recent poll in Kashmir",,,,,, -42,1,1,5,False,එක රටක්,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GE8QL-1,Union leader slams Sri Lankan government for buying Covid-19 vaccines,2021-07-22,factcheck_afp,,"A photo collage has been shared in multiple Facebook posts that claim it shows a news report where a union leader purportedly criticised the government for procuring Covid-19 vaccines instead of paying teachers' salaries. But the claim is false: the photos in the collage have been doctored to add fabricated remarks into an original report that aired before the wide availability of Covid-19 vaccines in the country.The photo collage was shared more than 300 times here on Facebook on July 22, 2021.It shows screenshots of a purported television news interview with Sri Lankan teachers union leader Joseph Stalin.The image at the top features a Sinhala-language news ticker that states: ""There is money to bring the vaccine"".The image at the bottom states: ""but no money to increase salaries of teachers"".Both images feature the logo of local media organisation Hiru TV.The post's caption translates as: ""Typical petty JVP-er"". Screenshot of the misleading post captured on July 23, 2021 ( Lakna PARANAMANNA)""JVP"" is an acronym for the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna political opposition party in Sri Lanka.The post circulated online the same day teachers staged a protest in the capital Colombo demanding higher wages.An identical photo collage was also shared alongside a similar claim on Facebook here and here. The claim however is false: the photos in the collage had been doctored.Keyword searches found the photos were taken from this video uploaded on Facebook on June 16, 2020.The video's caption states: ""A silent protest was staged with the participation of trade unions, community organizations today (16) at the Colombo Lipton Circus, expressing objection to the inhumane attack by the government on the protest staged by the Front Line Socialist party.""The protestors called upon the government to halt attempts to curtail freedom of speech, assembly and to protest. A large crowd attended this protest.""The purported remarks made by Stalin about Covid-19 vaccines had been digitally inserted onto the screenshots, along with the Hiru TV logo.Below is a screenshot comparison of the doctored photos (L) and the original news report (R):   The video circulated online months before Sri Lanka began its Covid-19 vaccination program on January 29, 2021 as reported here by the state-run Rupavahini Sinhala News.News telecasts aired noon, evening and late night by Hiru TV on July 22 -- the day the misleading posts started being shared online -- also do not show Stalin criticising the government for procuring Covid-19 vaccines.In response to the misleading posts, Stalin told AFP on July 26: ""I have not said such a thing... I have been lobbying for the teachers and other professionals in the education sector to be vaccinated before local school terms start.""",,Doctored collage falsely claims union leader slammed Sri Lanka's government for buying Covid-19 vaccines,,,,,, -43,1,1,5,False,Multiple sources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF67H-1,Construction of sea link bridge in Mumbai took place under Modi government,2021-07-16,factcheck_afp,,"Politicians from India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) claimed that the country's first ""sea bridge"", the 5.6-kilometre (3.5-mile) Bandra-Worli Sea Link in Mumbai, was built under the rule of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The claim is false: work on the landmark bridge began a decade before Modi took office, and it was inaugurated in 2009, when the Indian National Congress was in power. ""This is not a US-France London bridge, this is Mumbai's Bandra bridge. Under Modi's leadership, my India is moving forward and defining new ways of development through its actions and resolutions,"" reads a Hindi-language Facebook post published on July 16 by BJP worker Pankaj Awasthi.""Today, my India is setting new records of development under the leadership of respected Prime Minister Narendra Modi. There are thousands of such projects and far-reaching policies, there are thousands of such achievements with Bharatiya Janata Party, which have been attained under the leadership of Modi. We will bring these works and achievements to more and more people and so form the BJP government again!""The Bandra-Worli Sea Link is located in India's financial capital Mumbai, a city controlled by opposition parties. Screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 26, 2021  BJP district ministers Munnaram Suthar and Ghanshyam Kumar also shared the claim, which was picked up by Facebook users, including here and here. However, the claim is false.AFP ran a Google keyword search and found various news reports on the opening of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link, an eight-lane freeway designed to cut the journey time between the eponymous Mumbai suburbs and ease congestion in the Indian financial capital's notoriously choked roads.The landmark bridge was inaugurated on June 30, 2009 by Sonia Gandhi, party chief of the then-ruling Indian National Congress, the Times of India and Hindustan Times reported. The bridge, also known as the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link, was named after her late husband, who was noted for promoting technology during his time as prime minister. The freeway was first commissioned in 2000 but work was held up until 2004 because of litigation and protests from the local fishing community.In 2000, the BJP's Atal Bihari Vajpayee was prime minister. When work commenced in October 2004, Manmohan Singh from the Indian National Congress (INC) was in power, and still held office when the bridge was officially opened in June 2009.Narendra Modi became prime minister in May 2014.AFP has previously debunked misinformation shared by BJP politicians, including a photo of a garbage-filled river in the Philippines which party members falsely claimed was taken in Mumbai, and misleading posts attributing a string of crises in Delhi to the chief minister.",,BJP politicians falsely claim PM Modi built landmark Mumbai bridge,,,,,, -44,1,1,5,False,Multiple persons,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GF7PU-1,This photo shows a political rally for Asaduddin Owaisi in India,2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"A photo has been shared hundreds of times in multiple social media posts that claim it shows a large rally for an Indian Muslim politician during the pandemic. The claim is false: the photo shows an Islamic procession in Bangladesh in 2019.The image was shared in a Hindi-language tweet posted on July 19.The caption translates to English as: ""Huge crowd of a specific community gathered in UP’s Moradabad in Asaduddin Owaisi’s rally and here we are, entangled over BJP, BSP and SP. You people too should stop being in any delusion and think about your future"".""UP"" refers to India's most populous state, Uttar Pradesh.Asaduddin Owaisi is leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) party and member of parliament for Hyderabad in India's southern Telangana state. A screenshot of the misleading post taken on July 25, 2021The post emerged online after speculation about the AIMIM teaming up with other parties in a bid to defeat the ruling BJP in Uttar Pradesh's upcoming assembly elections in February 2022. The post also misleadingly suggests India's Muslims are permitted to gather for certain political events, while Hindus have been banned from gathering for religious festivals.The photo was posted with a similar claim here, here, and here on Facebook. However, the claim is false.A reverse image search on Google found the photo was published in this Facebook post on November 26, 2019. It was uploaded by photographer Faisal bin Latif in a post about a religious procession in the Bangladeshi city of Chattogram. A photo of the event shared by Faisal bin Latif on 26 November, 2019He also uploaded an album of photos showing the same event on photo-sharing website Flickr.The album's title reads: ""Jashney Julus, Miladunnabi, November 2019.”AFP found a similar video here on a Bengali-language YouTube channel showing a scene that corresponds with the image in the misleading posts.The video's title states that it shows the Miladun Nabi procession in Chattogram in November 2019.Miladun Nabi is an Islamic festival observed by Muslims as Prophet Mohammed’s birthday according to the Islamic calendar.In 2019, the festival was celebrated on November 10 in Bangladesh. Below is a screenshot comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube video's one-minute 17-second mark (R): Comparison of the photo in the misleading post (L) and YouTube videoThe same procession was also reported by Bengali news website Banglanews24.com on November 10, 2019.AFP found a similar structure pictured in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R): Similarity between the image in the news story (L) with the YouTube video (R) snapshotAFP previously debunked posts sharing the same photo alongside a claim they showed the funeral procession of photojournalist Danish Siddiqui, who was killed while covering fighting between Afghan security forces and the Taliban.",,Bangladesh religious procession image shared in false posts about Indian political rally,,,,,, -45,5,1,5,Altered image,Multiple,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9G82NF-1,Photo shows Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell,2021-07-22,factcheck_afp,,"An image purporting to show detained Burmese leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell has been shared tens of thousands of times on Facebook. The claim is false; the image, originally published on online library Wikimedia Commons in 2013, has been doctored to add Suu Kyi’s face.The image was shared here on Facebook on July 22, 2021 which has been shared more than 17,000 times. The post’s caption in Bengali reads: ""No one's power lasts forever.""The image appears to show Myanmar's detained leader Aung San Suu Kyi dressed in orange overalls and looking out from a prison cell.Aung San Suu Kyi is the leader of the National League for Democracy (NLD) party which claimed an overwhelming victory in the second parliamentary election in November 2020, only to be ousted by the Myanmar junta in a coup on February 1, 2021.Suu Kyi, along with senior party leaders, was detained instantly by the military. She is now facing a series of charges against her including corruption and violating the State Secrets Act, AFP reported here.The image was also shared here and here on Facebook.However, the image has been doctored from a photo created in 2013 which does not feature Suu Kyi.A reverse image search found the original photo was published here on Wikimedia Commons, dated back to July 12, 2013 with photo credit to Officer Bimblebury.The photo caption reads: ""A female prisoner living inside her tiny prison cell. The cell provides the inmate with a toilet and a bed, as well as bars to protect her from the outside elements. The cell is designed for the comfort and benefit of the prisoner as well as the public."" Wikimedia Commons is a project of Wikimedia Foundation which provides free-use images, sounds and other media.Below is a screenshot of the image in the misleading Facebook post (L) and the original photo on Wikimedia Commons (R): ( Qadaruddin SHISHIR)Metadata information of the original photo on digital verification tool InVID-WeVerify also shows the image was last modified on July 12, 2013. A screenshot of the metadata information of the original photo on InVID-WeVerify, taken on July 26, 2021.",,Doctored photo does not show Aung San Suu Kyi in a prison cell,,,,,, -46,1,1,5,False,Multiple resources,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GB8VH-5,"Video of demonstration in Cuba, 2021",2021-07-19,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts from around the world have shared footage of what they claim shows anti-government protests in Cuba. The claim is false: the video actually shows an anti-government protest in Haiti in 2019.""Cuba today,"" reads a traditional Chinese-language tweet posted on July 17. The video has been viewed more than 60,000 times. Screenshot taken on July 26, 2021, of the misleading Twitter post ( AFP)Thousands of Cubans joined rare anti-government protests on July 11, as the country faced its toughest phase yet of the coronavirus epidemic.The footage has been shared in various languages alongside similar claims, including Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian.The claim is false.A reverse image search of keyframes from the footage, using the InVid-WeVerify tool, found the same video posted in this tweet from Russian media outlet Redfish.It states the footage shows protesters in Haiti on October 13, 2019. Tens of thousands of protesters have taken to the streets of Haiti against the government and the IMF. pic.twitter.com/X7hPiJ6QYc — redfish (@redfishstream) October 14, 2019 An advanced Twitter search found the same video posted on the same day here, here and here in tweets about protests in Haiti.The video was also tweeted by journalist Sandra Lemaire from Voice of America (VOA) on October 13, 2019.She credited the footage to VOA Haiti correspondent Alexandre Joram, VOA correspondent.A search of VOA's Instagram page in Haiti, VOA Kreyòl, found the same sequence published on October 13, 2019.The post says the video shows a ""Haitian artists"" march and credits the footage to Alexandre Joran.           View this post on Instagram                       A post shared by VOA Creole (@voakreyol) Thousands of Haitians marched on October 13, 2019 to demand the resignation of demonstration then-president Jovenel Moise.Anti-government demonstrations paralysed daily life across much of Haiti from September to December 2019, with anger at Moise -- whose victory in the November 2016 election was rejected by the opposition -- boiling over due to a national fuel shortage.Moise's assassination on July 7, 2021 plunged the impoverished Caribbean nation in crisis. AFP debunked various false reports about the incident here and here.",,This video shows demonstrators in Haiti in 2019 -- not Cuba in 2021,,,,,, -47,1,1,5,False,Hal Turner Radio Show,2021-07-27,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9GJ3LG-1,French president's entire security force resigned,2021-07-24,factcheck_afp,,"A French member of parliament and an American radio host claimed that Emmanuel Macron's entire security detail resigned to protest the French president's initiative imposing health passes to participate in many aspects of public life. This is false; the Republican Guard did not resign, and it is tasked with presidential palace security, not his direct physical safety.""Protective Detail of France President ALL Resign over COVID Restrictions; will no longer protect President Macron,"" reads the headline of a July 24, 2021 article on the website of the Hal Turner Radio Show, a conspiracy-oriented program AFP has fact-checked before. Below the headline, a photo shows members of the Garde Républicaine, or Republican Guard, an elite French army corps tasked with special missions. Screenshot of an online article taken on July 26, 2021""The Republican Guard, a security detail established to protect the President of France, have ALL resigned, and will no longer protect President Macron!"" the article says of the 2,800-strong force.The Covid-19 restrictions mentioned in the headline refer to a decree by Macron that required proof of Covid-19 vaccination or a negative test to be able to attend events or enter places with more than 50 people. The ""health pass"" will be extended to restaurants, cafes and shopping centers in August. This was formalized into law by the country's parliament on July 25, 2021, despite widespread protests against it.However, the Republican Guard did not resign in relation to this law, and is not tasked with the French president's immediate physical safety.The unit responsible for direct personal protection of the French head of state is the Groupe de sécurité de la présidence de la République, whose members hail from both the police and the Gendarmerie.The Republican Guard is a French army unit tasked with ""public safety missions and protocol representation,"" according to its official webpage. Its members are not in charge of the direct safety of the French president like the US Secret Service, but they indirectly play this role by ensuring the security of the Elysee Palace, where the president lives. A spokesperson for the Gendarmerie told AFP on July 26, 2021 that the Republican Guard ""is still"" performing its palace duties. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French army tasked with law enforcement roles, to which the Republican Guard answers. On social media, neither the Garde Républicaine nor the Gendarmerie, nor any French media, mentioned a mass resignation of the force's members.The false claims regarding the Republican Guard began when Martine Wonner, an independent member of parliament in France, claimed in a video that the force no longer wished to protect Macron.Wonner is a Covid-skeptic who was part of the government's party before she was ousted due to her controversial stances.She also faced calls from her opposition party to quit that group after she urged people to lay siege to MPs who approved the health pass.Before the vaccine passport law can be applied, it must be approved by France's highest administrative authority, the Constitutional Council, which will vote on it on August 5.",,French president's security detail did not resign over Covid-19 bill,,,,,, -48,1,1,5,False,Various sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP6FY-3,Chinese President Xi Jinping asks for Indonesian's Kalimantan island as 'debt collateral',2021-07-15,factcheck_afp,,"A video of Chinese President Xi Jinping giving a speech has been viewed hundreds of thousands of times on TikTok, Facebook and YouTube, with a claim that it shows Xi is demanding Indonesia's Kalimantan region as a ""debt collateral"". The claim is false: the Indonesian subtitles in the video do not match Xi’s actual speech. The video in fact shows Xi speaking at the Indonesian parliament in 2013; the Chinese leader did not mention about Kalimantan nor any debt collateral in his speech. The video was posted on TikTok here on July 15, 2021, and has been viewed more than 8,000 times.The video shows Chinese President Xi Jinping giving a speech in Mandarin, with Indonesian-language subtitles that read: ""In this visit, I want to ask President Jokowi Dodo to pay his country's debt to China"",  referring to Indonesian President Joko Widodo, popularly known as Jokowi.The subtitles then read: ""In an agreed timeline in the memorandum of agreement that we have made together in the investment contract ""China to Indonesia in Jokowi Dodo's victory in the last election and infrastructure building capital. If not, then we in the name of the Chinese government's authority will seize Kalimantan island as the debt collateral to the Chinese government. We will not hesitate to use force in this matter!!!""The post's caption and the superimposed text on the clip read: ""Hoax or fact??? China wants to take over Kalimantan island as Indonesia's debt collateral.""  Screenshot of the misleading post, taken on July 19, 2021Kalimantan refers to the Indonesian-controlled parts of Borneo island; the rest of the island belong to Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. China is the second biggest foreign investor in Indonesia. Indonesia's debt to China stands at around $21.47 billion, according to the latest data published by Bank Indonesia, the Indonesian central bank, and the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, making China the fourth largest holder of Indonesia's foreign debts. The clip has been viewed more than 208,000 times after it appeared with a similar claim on YouTube here, here and here; and on Facebook here, here and here.However, the claim is false.A keyword search on Google found the original video of Xi's speech was posted here on the YouTube channel of China's state broadcaster CGTN on October 3, 2013, titled ""President Xi Jinping delivers speech at Indonesia parliament."" The news anchor in the video said in the first few seconds of the broadcast: ""This, of course, is a historic moment for diplomacy between Jakarta and Beijing because Xi Jinping becomes the first-ever foreign leader — not just the first Chinese leader, but the first-ever foreign leader to address politicians inside the Indonesian parliament"".The misleading video corresponds to the CGTN video from the 21:44 mark, where Xi says: ""President Susilo and I have jointly announced our decision to upgrade our bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership, with a view to building on past achievements and bringing about all-round and in-depth growth of our relationship.""President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was in office from 2004 to 2014. He was succeeded by Jokowi, who was sworn in on October 20, 2014. The subtitles in the misleading video do not match Xi's actual speech.The full transcript of Xi's speech, published by China Daily, the state-owned English newspaper, here, shows he did not mention any debt collateral nor Kalimantan.Below are screenshot comparisons between the misleading clip (L) and the CGTN video (R): Screenshot comparisons of the clip in the misleading post (L) and the CGTN video (R)Xi's speech to the Indonesian's parliament in 2013 was also reported by Indonesian media outlets, such as Kompas and Detik.com.",,This video does not show Chinese president demanding Indonesia's island as 'debt collateral',,,,,, -49,1,1,5,False,juanli324,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FH4XQ-1,"Cuban President announced his resignation on July 17, 2021.",2021-07-18,factcheck_afp,,"After thousands of Cubans marched in anti-government protests, Chinese-language social media posts claimed that President Miguel Diaz-Canel announced he would resign in a televised broadcast on July 17. The claim is false: Diaz-Canel criticised what he said was a ""false narrative"" of the unrest, but did not say he would step down. As of July 26, 2021, he was still serving as Cuba's president. ""This morning (July 17) Havana Time, the Community Party of Cuban's president and first secretary Miguel Diaz-Canel announced in a televised broadcast: Resigned from public office and party leadership,"" reads a traditional Chinese-language tweet posted on July 18.""Full launch of political deepening and economic reforms, new foreign relations policy, free elections in the country, and participation of the Cuban Communist Party in the election of congressmen as a political party. This means Cuba has been released from its one-party dictatorship."" A screenshot, taken on July 21, 2021, of the misleading post. ( AFP)In mid-July 2021, thousands of Cubans joined anti-government protests in 40 cities. AFP reported on the unrest here.A similar claim was shared on Facebook here and here and on Twitter here and here.The claim is, however, false. A keyword search on Google found a transcript of Diaz-Canel's speech on July 17.It was published here on the president's official site.  A screenshot, taken on July 26, 2021, of the Cuba President's speech transcript. ( AFP)At the rally, he decried what he said was the dissemination of ""false images"" on social networks that ""glorify the outrage and destruction of property."" ""What the world is seeing of Cuba is a lie,"" he saidDiaz-Canel did not announce he would resign from office. As of July 26, he remained in power. AFP found no credible news reports about his purported resignation.",,Cuban president did not 'announce resignation' immediately after anti-government protests,,,,,, -50,1,1,5,Altered Image,Multiple sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FP4T6-1,Aam Admi Party billboard says,2021-07-12,factcheck_afp,,"An image of a billboard advert from an Indian opposition party that purports to include a pro-Muslim message has been shared repeatedly in multiple Facebook posts. The image, however, has been doctored from a photo of a billboard that displayed a different message. The misleading image was shared here in a Facebook group with more than 250,000 followers.It purports to show a billboard advertisement from India's opposition Aam Aadmi Party (AAP).The advert appears to read: ""Gujarat will read Namaz. Quit useless traditions like Bhagwat Gita week and Satyanarayan Katha."" Screenshot of post with morphed image taken on July 23, 2021.Namaz is a form of prayer performed by the Muslim community.The Bhagavad Gita and the Satyanarayan Katha are Hindu religious texts. The post's Hindi-language caption translates to English as: ""Watch the disgusting election campaign of the Aam Aadmi Party in Gujarat... The board reads in Gujarati, - 'Gujarat will read Namaz. Quit unnecessary tendencies like Bhagavad Gita Week and Satyanarayan Katha.' ""The post circulated online as the AAP prepared for the 2022 state legislative assembly elections in Gujarat. The build-up to the elections was reported by Indian newspaper The Hindu here.India's ruling party Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has maintained a stronghold over the state since 1995.The post was also shared on Facebook by several other accounts, for example here, here, here and here. However, the image of the billboard has been manipulated.The original image was published here and here on the official Twitter accounts of the AAP in Gujarat. Below is a comparison of the manipulated image in the Facebook posts (L) and the image of the billboard posted by the AAP (R):  On the original billboard, the text reads: ""Now Gujarat will change"".In the manipulated image, this was replaced with: ""Gujarat will read Namaz.""Text was added to the manipulated billboard's middle section.In the original image, Gujarat AAP president Gopal Italia appears on the left. He does not have a beard and can be seen wearing a different cap to the man pictured in the doctored image.The AAP debunked the manipulated billboard image in a Facebook post here. Screenshot of the post made by AAP on July 12, 2021. The post's caption reads: ""Another Fake News BustedRise of AAP in Gujarat is giving sleepless nights to BJP.""",,Image of Indian political party's billboard doctored to include pro-Muslim message,,,,,, -51,3,1,5,Misleading,Multiple sources,2021-07-26,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FL9QQ-1,Boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao took only three months to finish his bachelor’s degree,2021-06-24,factcheck_afp,,"Social media posts in the Philippines claim boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao earned his university diploma in only three months, suggesting his degree was fraudulently conferred. The posts are misleading: an official from the University of Makati, where Pacquiao obtained a political science degree, said he finished the diploma in 16 months and that his government experience counted as academic credit. The misleading posts also misrepresent images related to Pacquiao's university attendance.""If only it was like this for everyone,"" reads a Tagalog-language tweet posted on June 24, 2021.The tweet features an illustration which claims Pacquiao enrolled at the University of Makati in September 2019 and then graduated three months later in December 2019.  Screenshot of misleading post taken on July 21, 2021Similar posts were shared on Facebook here, here and here.The posts prompted accusations from social media users that Pacquiao's degree was fraudulently conferred.""Bachelor of Science in most courses is 4 to 5 years schooling. . . . seems Pacquiao earned his degree by magic or in a diploma mill,"" one person commented.The post emerged following a public skirmish between Pacquiao and President Rodrigo Duterte over the latter's handling of the South China Sea dispute with Beijing.Until recently, Pacquiao was a high-profile backer of Duterte and his controversial drug war, which International Criminal Court prosecutors want to investigate for the alleged unlawful killing of possibly tens of thousands of people.However, the posts claiming Pacquiao earned his degree in three months are misleading.University degreeA spokesman for the University of Makati said that Pacquiao took a 16-month degree in political studies.""Per the certificate of registration from our registrar's office, [he enrolled in] July 2018,"" Elyxzur Ramos, vice president for academic affairs at the University of Makati, told AFP.""He took the modular program for 16 months, until November 2019. He graduated from this university in December [2019], which was our mid-year graduation.""The senator enrolled in the university’s College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Studies, where degrees count certain professional experience as academic credit, Ramos said.The political science degree that Pacquiao earned was designed for qualified Philippine government officials and can be completed in between six and 22 months, he added.The degree programme's launch in 2011 was reported by local media here and here; and announced on this local government website.Misrepresented imagesFurthermore, the images shared in the social media posts have been taken out of context.Reverse image searches and keyword searches found the first image was posted on Pacquiao’s official Facebook account on September 6, 2019.However, it does not indicate that the senator had only just enrolled, as the posts claim.""Never stop learning because life never stops teaching,"" the Facebook post reads. The second image, which shows Pacquiao's graduation, was taken from this report by broadcaster ABS-CBN on December 11, 2019.""Senator Manny Pacquiao with his family during his graduation from the course Bachelor of Arts in Political Science at the University of Makati this Wednesday,” the image's Tagalog-language caption reads.",,Social media posts mislead on boxer-turned-senator Manny Pacquiao's university degree,,,,,, -52,1,1,5,False,Joe Biden,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR7KY-1,Vaccinated people won't get Covid-19,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"US President Joe Biden claimed during a CNN town hall that vaccinated people will not get Covid-19. This is false; despite the high efficacy of the shots, infections still occur among the fully vaccinated population, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says.""You're not gonna get Covid if you have these vaccinations,"" Biden said during the July 21, 2021 event, which came as the Covid-19 pandemic is again surging in the United States, propelled by the highly contagious Delta variant. US President Joe Biden (L) participates in a CNN Town Hall meeting hosted by Don Lemon (R) at Mount St. Joseph University in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 21, 2021 ( AFP / Saul Loeb)But Biden's claim is inaccurate: the vaccines are very effective, but cases among vaccinated people are possible.The CDC said that as of July 12, it had received reports of 5,492 patients with Covid-19 ""breakthrough"" infections being hospitalized or dying, out of a total of more than 159 million fully vaccinated people in the United States.""Covid vaccines are highly effective in preventing infection and even more effective in preventing the serious illness that results in hospitalization and death,"" but no vaccine is 100 percent effective, Tom Skinner, senior public affairs officer at the CDC, told AFP on July 23. During a briefing at the White House on July 22, Press Secretary Jen Psaki addressed a reporter's question regarding the president's remarks on vaccination, saying that vaccinated people were ""largely protected.""""That was the point he was trying to make last night,"" she said.During the town hall, Biden urged Americans to get vaccinated. ""It's really kind of basic,"" he said, at a time when the US vaccination rate has significantly slowed.AFP Fact Check has debunked numerous other inaccurate claims related to Covid-19 and vaccines.July 26, 2021 This story was updated to correct the spelling of exaggerated in the headline.",,Joe Biden exaggerated Covid-19 vaccine efficacy,,,,,, -53,1,1,5,False,Multiple people,2021-07-23,,factcheck_afp,,https://factcheck.afp.com/http%253A%252F%252Fdoc.afp.com%252F9FR69F-1,Publix supermarket chain will stop carrying Ben & Jerry's,2021-07-21,factcheck_afp,,"Facebook posts feature an image of an announcement from US supermarket chain Publix saying it will no longer carry Ben & Jerry's because of the ice cream company's decision to stop sales in occupied Palestinian territories. This is false; Publix says it has not dropped Ben & Jerry's products, and made no such statement on its website or social media accounts. ""Due to the recent statement by Ben & Jerry's We will no longer be carrying their products, effective immediately! We stand with Israel!"" reads the text of an image in a July 20, 2021 Facebook post that appears to show a Publix announcement. Screenshot of a Facebook post taken on July 23, 2021The post, which was apparently first published on a private account, was shared as a screenshot in several Facebook groups, and by a UK page supporting Israel's Likud party. Others shared the image on Twitter.The purported announcement circulated on social media following Ben & Jerry's July 19 statement saying it would stop selling its products in the Israel-occupied Palestinian territories, namely the West Bank and East Jerusalem, because doing so is ""inconsistent with our values."" The move prompted a backlash in Israel and parts of the US.However, Publix -- which did not respond to AFP's requests for comment by the time of publication -- says it does not plan to remove Ben & Jerry's products.""While we currently don't plan to remove Ben & Jerry's from our stores, we'll continue evaluating products based on sales,""  the company's customer service Twitter account @PublixHelps wrote in response to questions over the authenticity of the claim. Screenshot of a tweet taken on July 23, 2021Publix has also not announced on Twitter or on Facebook that it is ceasing sales of the company's ice cream, and its webpage dedicated to news releases makes no mention of Ben & Jerry's.Various Ben & Jerry's products are also still available on Publix's website.Public pressureThe fake announcement was shared as the company faces public pressure on Publix to ban Ben & Jerry's products from its stores. A petition on change.org asking Publix and Winn Dixie, another supermarket chain, to stop selling the ice cream, was signed by more than 450 people at the time of publication.A search for the words ""Publix Israel"" on social media monitoring tool CrowdTangle also shows that a Facebook account shared a message encouraging people to email Publix CEO Todd Jones about Ben & Jerry's in at least 10 different groups related to Florida, where the supermarket chain is headquartered. Screenshot of a CrowdTangle search for ""Publix Israel"" taken on July 23, 2021On July 20, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett warned consumer goods giant Unilever, of which Ben & Jerry's is a subsidiary, that the decision would have ""severe consequences."" The Israeli government has for years been fighting a BDS movement, which calls for boycott, divestment and sanction of the Jewish state over its policies toward Palestinians.",,Fake announcement says US supermarket chain dropping Ben & Jerry's products,,,,,, +,rating_ratingValue,rating_worstRating,rating_bestRating,rating_alternateName,creativeWork_author_name,creativeWork_datePublished,creativeWork_author_sameAs,claimReview_author_name,claimReview_author_url,claimReview_url,claimReview_claimReviewed,claimReview_datePublished,claimReview_source,claimReview_author,extra_body,extra_refered_links,extra_title,extra_tags,extra_entities_claimReview_claimReviewed,extra_entities_body,extra_entities_keywords,extra_entities_author,related_links +0,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, +1,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, +2,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, +3,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, +4,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, +5,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, +6,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, +7,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, +8,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, +9,,,,False,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/nairobi-demonstration-solidarity-nigerias-2021-democracy-day-protests-no-photo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A photo of a group of people waving the flag of Nigeria has been posted on Facebook with the claim that it shows Kenyans in Nairobi “standing in solidarity” with the people of Nigeria.“June 12 Protest: Kenyans stand with Nigerians in solidarity,” the caption reads. “Location: Nairobi. THANK YOU.” The 12 June 2021 post is on a Facebook page with some 14,000 followers. The photo and claim has also been widely shared on Twitter. In 2019, Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari signed into law that 12 June would be the national holiday of Democracy Day. The holiday is controversial. In 2021, Democracy Day saw protests in several Nigerian cities. The protests were against poor governance and “terrorism, criminal abductions and separatist movements”, according to one report.But what does the photo really show?#EndSARS ProtestsA Google reverse image search reveals that the photo has been online since at least 18 October 2020 – almost eight months before 12 June 2021. It appears in a 2020 article on the website of Premium Times, a credible Nigerian newspaper. The article’s headline is: “ANALYSIS: Will deployment of troops quell or escalate #EndSARS protests?” The photo is watermarked “Premium Times -- Kabiru Yusuf”.The photo is of #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, in October 2020. The protests demanded that the county’s police Special Anti-Robbery Squad (Sars) be disbanded because of the unit’s alleged extrajudicial killings, brutality and human rights abuses.Abuja, not NairobiWe searched the Premium Times news website and found articles by Kabiru Yusuf. Our fact-checking colleagues at Dubawa contacted Yusuf, who said the photo was taken in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital. So, no, the photo was not taken in Nairobi, Kenya, on 12 June 2021. It was taken in Abuja, Nigeria, in October 2020 during the county’s #EndSars protests.","https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://web.facebook.com/genevievemmiliaku/posts/171519914983217,https://twitter.com/_iAlen/status/1403697588935827459,https://twitter.com/chiefagbabiaka1/status/1403833196190605315,https://thenationonlineng.net/buhari-signs-june-12-democracy-day-bill-into-law/,https://theconversation.com/june-12-is-now-democracy-day-in-nigeria-why-it-matters-118572,https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57418137,https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nation-is-fire-nigerian-lawmakers-demand-action-security-crisis-2021-04-27/,https://www.voanews.com/africa/nigerians-mark-annual-democracy-day-protests,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2021-07/Google%20Search-Nigeria%20Photo.pdf,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/421617-analysis-will-deployment-of-troops-quell-or-escalate-endsars-protests.html,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2021/02/nigeria-end-impunity-for-police-violence-by-sars-endsars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/author/kabiruyusuf,https://dubawa.org/endsars-photo-used-to-paint-narrative-kenyans-protest-in-solidarity-with-nigerians/","Nairobi demonstration in solidarity with Nigeria’s 2021 Democracy Day protests? No, photo of 2020 #EndSARS protests in Abuja",,,,,, +10,,,,False,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-asymptomatic-covid-patients-can-transmit-virus-and-masks-work,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A Facebook video posted on 5 July 2021 claims that studies show asymptomatic Covid-19 patients – people who don’t get sick – can’t transmit the new coronavirus. It also says the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published a review of studies and found wearing a mask doesn’t stop the spread of Covid.In the video, a woman appears to be standing at a podium, talking to an audience off camera. She says: “Nearly 500 people were recently exposed to a Covid positive asymptomatic carrier. Zero got sick. Asymptomatic carriers of Covid do not spread disease.”She goes on to claim: “The CDC a couple weeks ago did a study where they looked at every single other study in the entire world on face mask wearing and this is what they found. The CDC found, quote, ‘no reduction in viral transmission with the use of face masks’.”The words “the information is there dont say u wernt warned” are printed on the video. It’s been shared more than 1,200 times so far, including in South Africa. Since Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in early 2020, the World Health Organization has warned that Covid patients who don’t show any symptoms of the disease can still spread it to others. It also says masks are a “key measure to suppress transmission and save lives”.Do studies prove that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t spread the disease? And has a CDC analysis found that masks don’t reduce transmission?Video of US attorney Leigh DundasThe video does not identify the woman, where she is, or when the video was taken. It’s poor quality, taken from an original that doesn’t appear to be online anymore.But we did find a short video on Vimeo of a woman named Leigh Dundas, speaking on 13 April. Based on her voice, hairstyle, clothing and the background, it’s likely that the video on Facebook shows this woman, at the same event.In the Vimeo video she identifies herself as a human rights attorney. The video is captioned “Leigh Dundas, Board of Supervisors, April 13 2021”. Dundas, a US attorney, publicly supports that country’s anti-vaccination movement. Voice of OC reports that, in May, she helped organise residents in California’s Orange county to go to local Board of Education meetings to petition against mandatory vaccinations and “vaccine passports”.As Africa Check has found, there is no such thing as mandatory or “universal” vaccination in the US. And vaccine passports don’t exist there.Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virusIn the Facebook video, Dundas refers to a May 2020 study in Wuhan, China. It’s titled A study on infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to have started in Wuhan.The researchers studied 455 people who had been in contact with asymptomatic Covid-positive patients. None of the 455 tested positive for Covid-19. But the study didn’t find that people with asymptomatic Covid-19 can’t transmit the virus. Instead, it concluded that “the infectivity of some asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers might be weak”. SARS-CoV-2 is the formal name of the new coronavirus that causes Covid-19.Other studies of asymptomatic carriers have found that they can transmit the virus.A January 2021 study looked at 2,250 people in a “confined” community of university staff in the Canadian province of Quebec. Confinement, the study says, is “used to reflect social restrictions instructed by Quebec's government”.It found that 1.82% of the staff were asymptomatic carriers. None had contact with any known Covid patients. The researchers concluded: “Our results raise concerns about the possibility of viral spread through asymptomatic transmission.” But they added that the rate of asymptomatic transmission was unknown.In February 2021, a study based on daily mass screenings of some 20,000 residents of Luxembourg, a small country in Europe, was published. It found that, on average, asymptomatic patients infected the same number of people as patients with Covid-19 symptoms. The researchers concluded: “Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission.”CDC: Masks reduce Covid spreadAnd what about Dundas’s claim that a CDC analysis had found that masks didn’t reduce the amount of coronavirus transmitted between people?This is not what the CDC website says. A science brief on the site, updated on 7 May 2021, quotes several studies that found face masks reduced the risk of Covid-19 infection by as much as 79%, and had led to declines in daily new cases.The CDC concludes: “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2.” The CDC also says that making people wear masks can help prevent possible lockdowns in the future. The benefits increase when people are also required to use other measures against Covid: social distancing, hand washing and good ventilation. Conclusion: Video’s claims are falseIn a video posted on Facebook, US anti-vaccination advocate and lawyer Leigh Dundas claims that asymptomatic Covid-19 patients can’t transmit the virus. She also says a study by the US Centers for Disease Control found that masks don’t reduce the spread of the disease.But the CDC study doesn’t conclude that asymptomatic patients can’t transmit the virus. And  other studies have found that asymptomatic patients do transmit the virus. The CDC has published studies supporting the benefits of masks, and says wearing masks can reduce the spread of Covid-19.","https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.cdc.gov/,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.facebook.com/zaayiin.yellodd/videos/vb.100066665882510/247084380557206/?type=2&theater,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://vimeo.com/537203201,https://www.rawstory.com/leigh-dundas/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Orange+County,+CA,+USA/@33.6394877,-118.3298942,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80dc925c54d5f7cf:0xdea6c3618ff0d607!8m2!3d33.7174708!4d-117.8311428,https://voiceofoc.org/2021/05/oc-supervisors-debate-cancelling-digital-coronavirus-vaccine-records-hundreds-of-people-rail-against-vaccine-passports/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-us-supreme-court-hasnt-ruled-against-universal-vaccination-theres-no-such,https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-afs:Content:10051817171,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuhan,+Hubei,+China/@30.5684073,114.0201922,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x342eaef8dd85f26f:0x39c2c9ac6c582210!8m2!3d30.592849!4d114.305539,https://www.google.com/maps/place/China/@34.4504157,86.0458274,4z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x31508e64e5c642c1:0x951daa7c349f366f!8m2!3d35.86166!4d104.195397,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00502-4,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219423/,https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Canada/@56,-96,3z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4b0d03d337cc6ad9:0x9968b72aa2438fa5!8m2!3d56.130366!4d-106.346771,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Quebec,+Canada/@53.4733017,-77.4028603,5z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4c58b5349fd1a8a1:0x1040cadae4d0020!8m2!3d52.9399159!4d-73.5491361,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320307811,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Luxembourg/@49.8423357,1.6489564,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x479545b9ca212147:0x64db60f602d392ef!8m2!3d49.815273!4d6.129583,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(21)00033-8/fulltext,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html","No, asymptomatic Covid patients can transmit the virus, and masks work",,,,,, +11,,,,Partlyfalse,Mary Alexander,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mary-alexander,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/photo-2018-fuel-tax-protest-france-not-demonstrators-unleashing-truth-variant,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"“Greece and France... Yep its happening, time to unlesh the new TRUTH variant,” reads the caption of two photos of what seem to be mass protests, posted on Facebook in July 2021 and shared in South Africa.The first photo shows a huge crowd of people on an avenue in Paris, France’s capital city. The city’s famous Arc de Triomphe can be seen in the background. Many in the crowd are wearing yellow reflective vests.The second photo is of another crowd, flanked by police, in a city square. The flag of Greece can be seen waving in the crowd.The photos were also posted on an Australia-based Facebook page, with a similar caption: “Greece & France! Thousands rally against COVID-19 vaccinations and government restrictions.”But do the photos really show people “unleashing the TRUTH variant” in protests against Covid-19 measures in Greece and France?Protest against vaccinations in Greece, against fuel tax in FranceA Google reverse image search of the second photo reveals that it does indeed show a rally against Covid-19 vaccinations, in the Greek capital of Athens on 14 July.The photo appears in an article on M3 News, an international online news magazine.“More than 5,000 anti-vaccine protesters, some of them waving Greek flags and wooden crosses, rallied in Athens on Wednesday to oppose Greece’s coronavirus vaccinations program,” the article reads.It adds: “Protests are fairly common in Greece and there have been several in recent months on issues ranging from new labour law to the most recent Israeli military campaign on Gaza.”But a TinEye reverse image search of the first photo, filtered for the oldest version, reveals that it has been online since at least 4 December 2018 – over a year before the coronavirus was first identified in late December 2019.The photo can be found on the French-language stock photo website Divergence Images. A machine translation of its caption reads: “Demonstration of the Yellow Vests on the Champs-Elysees, Paris on November 24, 2018.” It was taken by Olivier Coret.According to the US National Public Radio website, the 2018 yellow vests protests in France were sparked by the announcement of a new environmental tax on fuel.“Nicknamed for the safety vests worn by protesters, known as gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement has sparked a political crisis for the French government,” the NPR says.“The protests started in the French provinces but spread to Paris, where demonstrations turned into riots over the weekend and scenes of violent civil unrest played out along the city's famous Avenue des Champs Élysées.”The second photo does show a protest against Covid-19 vaccinations, in Greece, but the first photo is of a demonstration against a fuel tax in France, more than two and a half years ago.","https://www.facebook.com/sonia.bonacci/posts/10161008588853976,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Paris,+France/@48.8589507,2.2770201,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47e66e1f06e2b70f:0x40b82c3688c9460!8m2!3d48.856614!4d2.3522219,https://www.google.com/maps/place/France/@46.1389696,-2.4368094,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xd54a02933785731:0x6bfd3f96c747d9f7!8m2!3d46.227638!4d2.213749,https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8741019,2.293728,3a,75y,111.88h,85.69t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1ssbfllIbdqW_ylzUNmOcYbg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.greeka.com/greece-history/flags/,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Greece/@38.0602976,19.99122,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x135b4ac711716c63:0x363a1775dc9a2d1d!8m2!3d39.074208!4d21.824312,https://www.facebook.com/hraaustralia/posts/290279962890655,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008571833976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Athens,+Greece/@37.9908997,23.7033198,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14a1bd1f067043f1:0x2736354576668ddd!8m2!3d37.9838096!4d23.7275388,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://mw3.news/contact/staff-directory/,https://mw3.news/in-greece-thousands-rally-against-covid-19-vaccinations/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/TinEye-Greece-protests.jpg,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976,http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.divergence-images.com/olivier-coret/reportages/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-OCO1193/gilets-jaunes-champs-elysees-ref-OCO1193001.html,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.npr.org/2018/12/03/672862353/who-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want,https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10161008566563976&set=pcb.10161008588853976",Photo of 2018 fuel tax protest in France – not demonstrators ‘unleashing truth variant’ against Covid measures,"fuel tax, protest, covid, Covid-19",,,,, +12,,,,False,Oluseyi Awojulugbe,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/oluseyi-awojulugbe,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-dont-use-garlic-lower-blood-pressure,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that garlic can be used to lower high blood pressure.It also credits the World Health Organization (WHO) with saying garlic helps to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension.“Garlic works in a way to increase the size of the arteries, which makes it easier for blood to pass. In addition, due to its diuretic properties, it reduces the volume of water in the body and therefore blood pressure,” reads part of the post.The post does include an unusual warning: “Be careful, even regular consumption of garlic does not exempt from appropriate treatment, especially in people with severe hypertension.” But is there any scientific evidence that the bulbous flowering plant can be used to manage high blood pressure? We checked.High blood pressure leads to 9.4 mn deaths annuallyAccording to the WHO, high blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force exerted by blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is higher than what is considered normal.“Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days are greater than 90 mmHg,” says a WHO fact sheet on hypertension.Blood pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury, or mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers, the systolic or upper value first, followed by the diastolic or lower value. About 1.13 billion people around the world have high blood pressure, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. This leads to about 9.4 million deaths annually, says the WHO.‘Not approved by health authorities’ – expertSome studies have documented the potential of garlic in lowering high blood pressure in a similar way to standard medication. A review of trials involving garlic concludes that the vitamin B status of an individual is “an important factor for the responsiveness of high blood pressure to garlic”.But Basden Onwubere, a professor of medicine at the University of Nigeria in southeastern Nigeria, was sceptical. He told Africa Check: “Such prescriptions cannot be made by doctors.” “There are studies that have been published about the use of garlic in managing some health conditions but I am not aware of any traditional medicine that has been approved officially by Nafdac for use in managing high blood pressure,” he said.Nafdac is Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, responsible for regulating and controlling drugs, among other substances.Onwubere said: “Until that [approval] becomes available, what we are using now is the orthodox way of managing hypertension. This is medication and advice on managing the patient’s diet.”Africa Check has also checked claims on Facebook that ginger or ginger tea can prevent heart attack and stroke, and that mixing lemon, ginger and garlic cures high blood pressure. Like this claim, we found no conclusive evidence to support these. Experts advise those with high or elevated blood pressure to ignore miracle cures promoted on social media and seek proper medical care.","https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://www.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=2&_rdr,https://web.facebook.com/Aduramigbaherbalremedy/posts/293950485769162?_rdc=3&_rdr,https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic,https://www.who.int/,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251/,https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/noncommunicable-diseases-hypertension,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266250/,https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/2/389S/4584698,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6966103/,https://www.unn.edu.ng/,https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/ginger-or-ginger-tea-wont-prevent-heart-attack-and-stroke,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-lemon-ginger-and-garlic-wont-cure-high-blood-pressure","No, don’t use garlic to lower blood pressure","Garlic, high blood pressure",,,,, +13,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-martine-moise-first-lady-haiti-not-dead,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Martine Moïse, the wife of Haiti’s assassinated president, is dead, claims a post shared on Facebook in Nigeria in July 2021.On 7 July, Haitian president Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in his private residence in the capital, Port-au-Prince. His wife, Martine Moïse, was also shot in the attack. Haiti is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea.The post claims that the “First Lady died from her injuries”, after being “rushed to hospital” and “despite the doctors’ best efforts”. The post includes photos of the couple. But is Martine Moïse dead?Alive and well Moïse was seriously injured during the assassination and was flown to Florida in the US for medical treatment.But on 17 July she spoke to the media from her hospital bed, confirming she was alive and well.In an article updated 17 July, she was pictured wearing a bulletproof vest as she returned to Port-au-Prince.Moïse also spoke at her late husband’s funeral on 22 July.","https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/assassination-haitian-president-jovenel-moise-what-know,https://twitter.com/martinejmoise?lang=en,https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/NGBREAKINGNEWS/posts/1999091423587583?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://news.sky.com/story/wife-of-assassinated-haiti-president-jovenel-moise-speaks-from-hospital-bed-12353342,https://www.wsj.com/articles/martine-moise-wife-of-assassinated-president-makes-surprise-return-to-haiti-11626564491,https://www.npr.org/2021/07/17/1017398219/martine-moise-wife-of-slain-president-returns-to-haiti,https://www.voanews.com/americas/gunfire-protests-disrupt-funeral-haitis-assassinated-president","No, Martine Moïse, first lady of Haiti, not dead",,,,,, +14,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/biafran-independence-movement-leader-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-not-fake-news,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria claims that Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), was not arrested, despite news reports saying he was.It reads: “Nnamdi Kanu Arrest. Nigerians and there fake news flying upandan [up and down].” Biafra was a region that roughly correlates with Nigeria’s South East geopolitical zone today.  In May 1967, Biafra declared its independence from the rest of the country. A civil war followed, ending in January 1970 with Biafra’s defeat.  There are continued calls for Biafran independence, most notably by Ipob. But has Kanu, who has been living in London in the UK, been arrested?Kanu arrested and arraigned in courtThere have been multiple reports in the mainstream media of Kanu’s arrest, both in Nigeria and internationally.He was arrested on 27 June 2021 through joint efforts by Nigerian security agents and the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol. But officials have not disclosed where and how.According to Nigeria's justice minister, Abubakar Malami, Kanu was brought back to Nigeria to face trial, after jumping bail in 2019.‘11-count charge’Kanu was previously arrested on 14 October 2015 on 11 charges, including terrorism, treasonable felony and managing an unlawful society. He was granted bail in 2017.He is also accused of inciting violence against the Nigerian state and institutions through TV, radio and online broadcasts, and of instigating violence, particularly in southeastern Nigeria.Kanu appeared before a federal high court in Abuja on 29 June 2021, two days after his arrest. While all the details are still to emerge at the time of writing, claims that he was not arrested are false.","https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=158238561912186&set=pcb.158238601912182&type=3&theater,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/388050959313043/posts/466523654799106/?__cft__[0]=AZVbT-nA-yAjwpgsAhc1l4NBvq1ngxoQLVYc2lZNP4J9vZmrzX00uNUbEzMHp7Hn7b7MIcQCW7AdYYkwpsAkwqSPPAadikibVN_pfYbZa1WcKcJCrNNgPGqs9r42hcrlq-A&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Nigeria-and-its-geopolitical-zones-North-Central-Benue-FCT-Kogi-Kwara_fig1_256614605,https://www.britannica.com/place/Biafra,https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/11/nigeria-biafra-kanu-reconciliation-independence/,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://ugobestiky.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FB_IMG_15681388255829898-750x430.jpg,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/29/biafra-separatist-leader-arrested-and-extradited-to-nigeria,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.interpol.int/en,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html,https://punchng.com/breaking-nnamdi-kanu-arrested-says-malami/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html,https://guardian.ng/news/nnamdi-kanu-appears-in-court-after-re-arrest/",Biafran independence movement leader Nnamdi Kanu arrested – not ‘fake news’,,,,,, +15,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, +16,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, +17,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, +18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luc-Montagnier,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2961114490882044&set=a.1416453855348123&type=3,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-06/mass%20vaccination.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/100002869583120/videos/3859004177538530/?__tn__=%2CO-R,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPjH9cihfL7/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-06/mass%20vaccination.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/100002869583120/videos/3859004177538530/?__tn__=%2CO-R,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPjH9cihfL7/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-06/mass%20vaccination.JPG,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/about,https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize,https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/montagnier,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://rairfoundation.com/about/,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants",Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,, +19,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.","https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-combination-fruit-and-spices-wont-boost-sperm-count,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/mixture-bitter-kola-powder-honey-and-ginger-no-cure-low-or-no-sperm-count",Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,, +20,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.","https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/insulin,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17300819,https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-21-518.pdf,https://www.uniben.edu/,https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html",Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,, +21,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.","https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=181073540577691&id=105023624849350&__cft__%5b0%5d=AZW0YHH6bwRBXe-Tm52ZxFFYVtNi242-Bs0ZKoZn90_qYyPbqXSjtNrHMemTglJb0ASictBnUG2YF1ypVpmOZlpfLCltDQj2TqIRZtOv7USb2BaZwaMWFMGgNhMbi_FVIhfV4sPX6KifvXumZqxYT9fp&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57208951,https://army.mil.ng/chief-of-army-staff-lt-gen-ibrahim-attahiru-dies-in-air-crash/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/437852-exclusive-127-soldiers-resign-from-nigerian-army.html,https://www.icirnigeria.org/why-3https:/www.icirnigeria.org/why-386-soldiers-resigned-from-nigerian-army-in-q2-of-2020-reps/,https://dailytrust.com/386-soldiers-quit-army-in-1-year-reps,https://army.mil.ng/,https://twitter.com/HQNigerianArmy",Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,, +22,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.","https://www.ikulu.go.tz/,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/permalink/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014.JPG,https://www.facebook.com/ikulu.mawasiliano,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014Twitter.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849,https://web.facebook.com/Ikulu-Mawasiliano-100402328861849/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZWm2B-o-K7ntsm7IN5Cy5w_26GOSiZRCheTSp_FZvK4JsVHslryicDjSarNS8U6Fgz4HozXk-_LKiwIEwRDXWryZ2AKNN_QNArcPCFCF4YaVjHmQOuGz_5Xq-MQ1q-Oy0H3Uy0sMFpbECCwqzBz0D8j&__tn__=-UC%2CP-R,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849","No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,, +23,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/south-africa-zuma-protests-violence/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57650517,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/beware-you-share-these-shutdownsa-videos-are-misleading,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ulundi/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1ef0636c86b220c3:0xcb1dd66c50c6974d?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWiKnD5fjxAhX3QUEAHZW1AxsQ8gEwJHoECFMQAQ,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2951811,31.4291395,3a,75y,225.26h,83.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1svjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DvjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D304.48022%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2954652,31.4281484,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2924603,31.4252623,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.ulundi.gov.za/office-mm","Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,, +24,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.","https://www.facebook.com/ruth.suowari/videos/418750162587520/,https://www.facebook.com/poemosis/videos/1168663400313236/,https://www.facebook.com/mbokazi/posts/10224841580205302,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.gov.za/speeches/mec-nomagugu-simelane-welcomes-dismissal-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-%E2%80%9Cmagnet%E2%80%9D-claims-hoax,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination?topicsurvey=)&gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppkxj3NWUiMNQ3be39DV5yPfZ19F0O0YrB_Nqn0Zl4w7rsn2qR5939RoCvbEQAvD_BwE,https://www.fda.gov/,https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/144638/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/146305/download#page=2,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSL2N2N41KA,https://health-desk.org/articles/what-do-we-know-about-the-pfizer-vaccine-and-magnets,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/21/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-arent-magnetic/7698556002/,https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/mornings-with-mack/watch-covid-19-vaccine-wont-make-you-magnetic/,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134","No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,, +25,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/State%20of%20Emergency.png,https://www.facebook.com/bevlee.naidoo/posts/10159575876567498,https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/Minister-Nkosazana-Dlamini-Zuma.aspx,https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nkosazana-clarice-dlamini-zuma,https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-17-this-is-us-those-trying-to-tear-south-africa-apart/,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/22/south-africa-unrest-death-toll-jumps-to-more-than-300,https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/505776/more-groups-call-for-state-of-emergency-in-south-africa/,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/pbl/staff/pdevos,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/,http://www.uct.ac.za/,https://www.gov.za/about-government/government-system/executive-authority-president-cabinet-and-deputy-ministers,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Specialists/Pages/Michael-Evans.aspx,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Pages/default.aspx,http://declared,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=3,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=5,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=7,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=14,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/states-emergency-south-africa-1960s-and-1980s,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22",State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, Dlamini-Zuma",,,,, +26,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/kenyapolitforum/permalink/2871879856444117/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/jubilee-partys-message-to-anne-kananu-mwenda-after-taking-over-as-acting-nairobi/3h5jgg2,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/francis-atwoli-straight-shooter-no-hostages-over-street-name-3425646,https://cotu-kenya.org/,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/francis-atwoli-road-sign-in-kileleshwa-burnt-down-11932708/,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/nainotepad/2001308336/david-murathe-the-chief-chef-in-uhurus-kitchen-cabinet,https://twitter.com/MikeSonko,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/article/2001397657/its-over-for-sonko,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://nation.africa/kenya,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10219545116081750&set=bc.Abo0ISOgdBjLRJsp5pZmVgWquSoilJF5aqwBgAh8vVrEwN6TqiPjZQmE-ieYH54Qsbc8zq3CR5XoONVicDSSrcjsNQMG9SGmp22TEEPxc5YU87w4Kcgzj8O3cQu35AhVdh2jYpVYM5YZUrD5Xlj-4bLrS_0nyHsgsQlo5jhq7Nb9BeGCEJ99jqXLUA3xttjWpSaxrRgfYTnha_vinzbp2fH0NH5gHPMIY4AnrX5QTJRIs94YTuKrVoyjyieDkD7JLoCDQFYAy3kalnCn2FkIgMa9qJwsF6WIW75tjzqsJHa48dS-xYvBuD--uGqcvaZ7V18rjVpVRwRM1Uepy0eJVXXkDtYBCHv4eS9XGFB6YEDWdnCzSXtNDfcRV6m0qFjePuM&opaqueCursor=AbpySrKdzkXnOLaMMmf8XWMhrGtdJs2NotEy4bPwnkorwa91N9RlmWY5Ubav8iriaBEkfXTMJNp_IMTLmOPXgKbf7l9XB-xjAVzdNo0pc04VMN_qpGT2EiwchadFQJ0IDe55-qWUjvVjbtOkuA92RnmM2UYhyWb4v_u-c3NztQ3KVuiLE_hUtA6j3aXTEp3EfG9HuzZm7KI7ZnN1gLvOzJhY_K1w3X20sVWyiBeEpctqVRR1X412c-iCOxkyuaWPl2X0gcCp8jEUjTt4LbYa7d22IUu0N41GVUQCexpklQoIk_SSzs35Cy8qB7udXRemIJlM_5JwSIa2RvY0s1uDLxAgzU6tXaEAvIqAKhUJM4H53coGmr2gZhV1MuZNLhE7JZAPwnQUQsxD9ZSWFFpbAFtzmAk1Ht5xF3K4_SsPc82hxWIiaMyw0PNt_zT7gQwPVMCWoktJROLNOqGOmgymN6hSAzLcqmKGdVS3tYD7ejFBhIYJ5A58Ux3tjj2L8csU2Sj6k9GhOj_5puB6kACTewy1qohzEyMYrEXAYM5dizx__oC96hf5YULjHQqf0T2FYGY,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.facebook.com/groups/3061760543907386/permalink/4226008697482559,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/nation/photos/10159823771319497,https://nairobi.go.ke/,https://twitter.com/047County?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Eprofile%3A047County%7Ctwgr%5EeyJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2hvcml6b25fdHdlZXRfZW1iZWRfOTU1NSI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJodGUiLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3R3ZWV0X2VtYmVkX2NsaWNrYWJpbGl0eV8xMjEwMiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250cm9sIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH19&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fnairobi.go.ke%2F,https://twitter.com/047County/status/1405170397369282562,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1",No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_aap.csv b/samples/output_sample_aap.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_aap.csv rename to samples/output_sample_aap.csv diff --git a/output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv b/samples/output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv rename to samples/output_sample_afpfactcheck.csv diff --git a/output_sample_africacheck.csv b/samples/output_sample_africacheck.csv similarity index 95% rename from output_sample_africacheck.csv rename to samples/output_sample_africacheck.csv index 7f6dd27..d9b1b40 100644 --- a/output_sample_africacheck.csv +++ b/samples/output_sample_africacheck.csv @@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ 15,,,,False,Motunrayo Joel,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/motunrayo-joel,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-nigerias-yoruba-separatist-sunday-adeyemo-still-custody-benin-wife-ropo,,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"A post shared on Facebook in Nigeria on 20 July 2021 claims that Sunday Adeyemo and his wife Ropo Adeyemo have been released from custody in Benin and allowed to board a plane to Germany.Adeyemo, popularly known as Sunday Igboho, has been campaigning for the self-determination of the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria.The Facebook post reads: “Breaking news!!!! Sunday Adeyemo (AKA) Igboho and his wife German citizen has been released and allows to board plane on their way to Germany #BeninRepublicNoBeKenya.”The post has been shared several times and some commenters were happy.One Facebook user said: “Just can't express my joy for the great news!!!”Another said: “Good to hear this, shame to the haters.”However, others said the claim was not true.Were Sunday and Ropo Adeyemo jailed and have they been released from custody in Benin?Igboho still held but wife releasedThe Adeyemos fled Nigeria for the neighbouring Republic of Benin in early July after their Ibadan home was raided by the the Department of State Services.Ammunition and weapons were found on the premises during the raid.The Nigerian government then issued a warrant for Sunday Adeyemo’s arrest.On 19 July, the couple were arrested in the port city of Cotonou by Beninoise authorities while trying to travel to Germany. Ropo Adeyemo lives in Germany.The charges brought by the Beninoise court were for immigration-related offences. It ordered Ropo’s release while Sunday remained in custody. His trial continued on 26 July. The claims on Facebook are false.","https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.ngnews247.com/sunday-igboho-biography-wfe-age-house-sons-family-net-worth-cars/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/471288-lagos-rally-sunday-igboho-yoruba-nation-campaigners-set-for-showdown-with-police.html,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://web.facebook.com/pdployalistsfanpage/posts/336548608129514?__tn__=%2CO*F,https://www.britannica.com/place/Benin,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55934275,https://www.dss.gov.ng/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://guardian.ng/news/dss-declares-sunday-igboho-wanted-confirms-raid-on-his-residence/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/474749-how-sunday-igboho-was-arrested-in-benin-republic.html,http://saharareporters.com/2021/07/22/breaking-beninese-court-releases-sunday-igboho%E2%80%99s-wife-orders-igboho-remain-custody,https://punchng.com/beninoise-courts-not-used-to-large-crowds-igbohos-lawyers-caution-supporters/","No, Nigeria's Yoruba separatist Sunday Adeyemo still in custody in Benin, but wife Ropo Adeyemo released",,,,,, 16,,,,Misleading,Keegan Leech,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/keegan-leech,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/no-south-africa-does-not-account-50-global-mining-deaths,About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.,2021-07-28,africacheck,,"Messages posted on Twitter and Facebook claim that 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa.But the figure is taken from a 2020 report by the International Council on Mining and Minerals, which only records the deaths reported by its 28 member companies. This is not all the mining deaths in the world.There is a lack of reliable global statistics on mining fatalities. Deaths from mining diseases, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, tend to be under-reported.“About 50% of global mining deaths occur in South Africa. Yet no single mining executive has been held accountable,” reads a tweet with more than 850 likes, which has been shared over 500 times on Twitter. The claim has also been posted on Facebook and other social media.When another user asked for “receipts” supporting the claim, the person who posted it said the data came from the International Council on Mining and Metals. Is the claim backed by data? We checked. Only 28 members included in rankingThe source of this claim is a 2020 report published by the International Council on Mining and Minerals (ICMM). The mining association collates the number of workplace accidents and fatalities recorded by its members.But the ICMM told Africa Check that its 28 member companies represent only about a third of the global mining industry. Not all mining companies are members and not all countries are represented. According to the report, South Africa recorded 22 out of 44 fatalities in 2020. This is 50% of deaths reported by its members – not 50% of global deaths. South Africa also accounted for more total working hours than any other individual country: 17.7% of all recorded hours in 2020.Government records more mining deathsSouth Africa has regularly fared worst in the ICMM’s safety reports. It has contributed the most deaths every year since 2015, the first year the council recorded location data. The one exception was 2019, when the Brumadinho dam disaster in Brazil claimed more than 250 lives.But the ICMM’s records likely don’t even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. The last year the country’s department of mineral resources and energy released a tally of mining fatalities was 2018. In that year, the department recorded 81 fatalities, while South African ICMM members recorded just 14.Data on global mining deaths is limited According to the Minerals Council South Africa (MCSA), another mining industry employers’ organisation, the ICMM’s 28 members “exclude huge numbers of mining businesses in many parts of the world, including some major mining jurisdictions, most notably China”.But determining the total number of mining fatalities around the world is not easy.“There is no one record of all industry fatalities,” the ICMM told Africa Check. “Individual companies will release their fatality numbers in their own sustainability and annual reports.”In 2019 the Wall Street Journal reported that many of the world’s mining fatalities may not even be counted. Its analysis of mining companies’ safety reports found that many did not record the deaths of contractors, workers transporting extracted minerals or deaths at joint mining ventures, which are managed by more than one company.The journal even found that more than half of the people who died in the 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster may not have been included in the official mining death toll. Deaths from mining diseases are even more likely to go unrecorded.Artisanal mining deaths may not be recordedAnother category of fatalities which may go overlooked is artisanal mining. In 2013, the World Bank estimated that there were “approximately 100 million artisanal miners globally”. This form of small-scale mining is often, but not always, conducted illegally. Deaths in this sector are more likely to go unrecorded. In June 2021 the bodies of 20 people believed to be illegal miners or “zama-zamas” were found near abandoned mine shafts in Johannesburg. In a 2016 report, human rights organisation Amnesty International said that in artisanal cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, “many accidents go unrecorded and bodies are left buried in the rubble”.And a 2004 publication by philanthropy organisation Oxfam, in collaboration with environmental non-profit Earthworks, found that “health and safety data for ASM [artisanal and small-scale mining] are sketchy, but the sector appears to experience a significantly higher accident rate than the industry as a whole”.Conclusion: South Africa accounts for 50% of mining deaths recorded by 28 companies in a single report – not 50% of global deaths. A widely shared social media post claims that South Africa accounted for “about 50% of global mining deaths”. But the report cited as evidence gives mining fatalities for 28 companies in 2020. That year South Africa accounted for half of the 44 recorded fatalities. The report likely doesn't even represent all mining deaths in South Africa. It also excludes major miners and mining countries such as China. We therefore rate the claim misleading. But data on global mining fatalities is fraught with problems. Beyond the lack of reliable global statistics, deaths from disease, and the deaths of contractors and small-scale miners, are regularly under-reported across the world. More and better data is needed to accurately determine how many deaths are due to mining, both globally and in South Africa.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Screenshot_2021-06-21_at_16-00-47_T_on_Twitter.png,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.facebook.com/MduZondo/posts/4085206891534393,https://twitter.com/manhlamza/status/1406491787544432643,https://twitter.com/mokhathi/status/1406134773232418817,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2020-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/about-us/our-members/member-companies,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2019-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2015-safety-data,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303243420300192,https://www.dmr.gov.za/,https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resources/Annual%20Reports/DMR_annual_report_2019_low%20res.pdf?ver=2019-11-05-161412-883#page=11,https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/research/health-safety/benchmarking-2018-safety-data,https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/,https://www.wsj.com/,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hidden-deaths-of-mining-11577825555,https://www.eiti.org/ASM,https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/extractiveindustries/brief/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining,https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-06-15-twenty-bodies-of-alleged-zama-zamas-found-outside-klerksdorp/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/this-is-what-we-die-for-human-rights-abuses-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-power-the-global-trade-in-cobalt/,https://www.amnestyusa.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/publications/dirty_metals/,https://www.oxfam.org/en,https://www.earthworks.org/,https://www.earthworks.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/files/publications/DirtyMetals_Workers.pdf#page=2","No, South Africa does not account for ‘50% of global mining deaths’","mining, global, deaths",,,,, 17,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/lemon-zobo-baya-maganin-zazzabi-aje-asibiti,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani rubutu da aka buga a Facebook yayi iƙirarin cewa lemon zoɓo “na maganin zazzaɓi.”“ Yadda ake lemon zoɓo na magani,” rubutun ya fara. Ya bayyana yadda za ayi  lemon da a fara  jiƙa ganyen zoɓo, abarba, ganyen lemongiras, citta, biturut, lemon zaƙi, kankana da ruwa.Zoɓo dai wani lemo ne da ya shahara a Najeriya, wanda ake yi da busasshiyar filawar itacen rosilli. Itacen rosilli, wanda ake kira da habiscus sabdariffa a kimiyance ya fito ne daga ayarin itatuwan Malvaceae. Yana fitowa a wurare masu zafi, yana kuma da launin kore mai duhu ko jajayen kara da ganye.Shin lemon da aka bayyana a rubutun yana maganin zazzaɓi?  Abubuwa da dama na jawo zazzaɓiZazzaɓi shine ƙaruwar zafin jiki sama da maki 37 a ma’aunin selshiyos. Wanda ke nuna alamun shigar cuta, kamar yadda Mayo Clinic suka bayyana. Wasu daga cikin alamun zazzaɓi sun haɗa da ciwon kai, rawar jiki, rashin ɗanɗano, rashin ruwa a jiki da kuma kasala. Hukumar lafiya ta Britaniyya(NHS) tace abubuwa da cututtaka da dama na iya jawo zazzaɓi. Yana kuma daga cikin alamun cutar Covid-19.Mutane- manya da yara- idan zazzaɓi ya kama su tare da ciwon kai mai zafi, jijjiga, rikicewar tunani, yawan amai, ciwon ciki da wahala wajen numfashi, ana basu shawarar zuwa asibiti cikin gaggawa.Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi akan abu mai sauƙi“ Wannan haɗin gargajiya ne, ayi watsi da shi,” Cewar Marycelin Baba, Farfesa a fannin ƙwayoyin cuta ta jami’ar Maiduguri, kamar yadda ta shaidawa Africa Check.Baba wadda suka wallafa wata takarda akan gaza gane cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da zazzaɓin taifot. “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance da ta goyi da bayan wannan da’awar,”  cewar Farfesar. “ Wannan haɗi baya magani ko hana zazzaɓi. Ƴaƴan itatuwan da aka lissafa na da muhimmanci  a jiki amma ba maganin zazzaɓi ba ne”.Baba ta ƙara da cewa: Idan an kamu da zazzaɓi, a hanzarta zuwa asibiti. Kada a dogara da haɗe-haɗe. Kada a ɗauki zazzaɓi da wasa.”","https://web.facebook.com/groups/353470598374000/permalink/1629649860756061/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZXew-FyosdUNvmFiQHu2WmjBTbE0I-jl6fFvTmV0nZLllEaKq82pDD0kJl1kshMkyhXxKF0T8YLX_s3bUyzEtZRaH-bDeDuN0n0sc1Hbgp3l2kAaIKLJUpzf2F-2u7tfoQU6o5e4rM3jIMNjN2hZKW9&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://thenationonlineng.net/interesting-facts-zobo-roselle-drinks/,https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.nhs.uk/search/results?q=Fever&page=0,https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759,https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/,https://www.longdom.org/proceedings/arbovirus-coinfections-in-suspected-febrile-malaria-and-typhoid-patients-a-worrisome-situation-in-nigeria-85.html",Lemon Zoɓo baya maganin zazzaɓi- aje asibiti,"zobo, Incorrect",,,,, -18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.","https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-combination-fruit-and-spices-wont-boost-sperm-count,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/mixture-bitter-kola-powder-honey-and-ginger-no-cure-low-or-no-sperm-count",Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,, -19,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.","https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/insulin,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17300819,https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-21-518.pdf,https://www.uniben.edu/,https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html",Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,, -20,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.","https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=181073540577691&id=105023624849350&__cft__%5b0%5d=AZW0YHH6bwRBXe-Tm52ZxFFYVtNi242-Bs0ZKoZn90_qYyPbqXSjtNrHMemTglJb0ASictBnUG2YF1ypVpmOZlpfLCltDQj2TqIRZtOv7USb2BaZwaMWFMGgNhMbi_FVIhfV4sPX6KifvXumZqxYT9fp&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57208951,https://army.mil.ng/chief-of-army-staff-lt-gen-ibrahim-attahiru-dies-in-air-crash/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/437852-exclusive-127-soldiers-resign-from-nigerian-army.html,https://www.icirnigeria.org/why-3https:/www.icirnigeria.org/why-386-soldiers-resigned-from-nigerian-army-in-q2-of-2020-reps/,https://dailytrust.com/386-soldiers-quit-army-in-1-year-reps,https://army.mil.ng/,https://twitter.com/HQNigerianArmy",Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,, -21,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.","https://www.ikulu.go.tz/,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/permalink/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014.JPG,https://www.facebook.com/ikulu.mawasiliano,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014Twitter.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849,https://web.facebook.com/Ikulu-Mawasiliano-100402328861849/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZWm2B-o-K7ntsm7IN5Cy5w_26GOSiZRCheTSp_FZvK4JsVHslryicDjSarNS8U6Fgz4HozXk-_LKiwIEwRDXWryZ2AKNN_QNArcPCFCF4YaVjHmQOuGz_5Xq-MQ1q-Oy0H3Uy0sMFpbECCwqzBz0D8j&__tn__=-UC%2CP-R,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849","No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,, -22,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/south-africa-zuma-protests-violence/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57650517,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/beware-you-share-these-shutdownsa-videos-are-misleading,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ulundi/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1ef0636c86b220c3:0xcb1dd66c50c6974d?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWiKnD5fjxAhX3QUEAHZW1AxsQ8gEwJHoECFMQAQ,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2951811,31.4291395,3a,75y,225.26h,83.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1svjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DvjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D304.48022%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2954652,31.4281484,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2924603,31.4252623,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.ulundi.gov.za/office-mm","Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,, -23,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.","https://www.facebook.com/ruth.suowari/videos/418750162587520/,https://www.facebook.com/poemosis/videos/1168663400313236/,https://www.facebook.com/mbokazi/posts/10224841580205302,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.gov.za/speeches/mec-nomagugu-simelane-welcomes-dismissal-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-%E2%80%9Cmagnet%E2%80%9D-claims-hoax,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination?topicsurvey=)&gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppkxj3NWUiMNQ3be39DV5yPfZ19F0O0YrB_Nqn0Zl4w7rsn2qR5939RoCvbEQAvD_BwE,https://www.fda.gov/,https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/144638/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/146305/download#page=2,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSL2N2N41KA,https://health-desk.org/articles/what-do-we-know-about-the-pfizer-vaccine-and-magnets,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/21/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-arent-magnetic/7698556002/,https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/mornings-with-mack/watch-covid-19-vaccine-wont-make-you-magnetic/,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134","No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,, -24,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/State%20of%20Emergency.png,https://www.facebook.com/bevlee.naidoo/posts/10159575876567498,https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/Minister-Nkosazana-Dlamini-Zuma.aspx,https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nkosazana-clarice-dlamini-zuma,https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-17-this-is-us-those-trying-to-tear-south-africa-apart/,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/22/south-africa-unrest-death-toll-jumps-to-more-than-300,https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/505776/more-groups-call-for-state-of-emergency-in-south-africa/,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/pbl/staff/pdevos,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/,http://www.uct.ac.za/,https://www.gov.za/about-government/government-system/executive-authority-president-cabinet-and-deputy-ministers,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Specialists/Pages/Michael-Evans.aspx,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Pages/default.aspx,http://declared,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=3,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=5,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=7,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=14,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/states-emergency-south-africa-1960s-and-1980s,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22",State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, Dlamini-Zuma",,,,, -25,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/kenyapolitforum/permalink/2871879856444117/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/jubilee-partys-message-to-anne-kananu-mwenda-after-taking-over-as-acting-nairobi/3h5jgg2,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/francis-atwoli-straight-shooter-no-hostages-over-street-name-3425646,https://cotu-kenya.org/,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/francis-atwoli-road-sign-in-kileleshwa-burnt-down-11932708/,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/nainotepad/2001308336/david-murathe-the-chief-chef-in-uhurus-kitchen-cabinet,https://twitter.com/MikeSonko,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/article/2001397657/its-over-for-sonko,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://nation.africa/kenya,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10219545116081750&set=bc.Abo0ISOgdBjLRJsp5pZmVgWquSoilJF5aqwBgAh8vVrEwN6TqiPjZQmE-ieYH54Qsbc8zq3CR5XoONVicDSSrcjsNQMG9SGmp22TEEPxc5YU87w4Kcgzj8O3cQu35AhVdh2jYpVYM5YZUrD5Xlj-4bLrS_0nyHsgsQlo5jhq7Nb9BeGCEJ99jqXLUA3xttjWpSaxrRgfYTnha_vinzbp2fH0NH5gHPMIY4AnrX5QTJRIs94YTuKrVoyjyieDkD7JLoCDQFYAy3kalnCn2FkIgMa9qJwsF6WIW75tjzqsJHa48dS-xYvBuD--uGqcvaZ7V18rjVpVRwRM1Uepy0eJVXXkDtYBCHv4eS9XGFB6YEDWdnCzSXtNDfcRV6m0qFjePuM&opaqueCursor=AbpySrKdzkXnOLaMMmf8XWMhrGtdJs2NotEy4bPwnkorwa91N9RlmWY5Ubav8iriaBEkfXTMJNp_IMTLmOPXgKbf7l9XB-xjAVzdNo0pc04VMN_qpGT2EiwchadFQJ0IDe55-qWUjvVjbtOkuA92RnmM2UYhyWb4v_u-c3NztQ3KVuiLE_hUtA6j3aXTEp3EfG9HuzZm7KI7ZnN1gLvOzJhY_K1w3X20sVWyiBeEpctqVRR1X412c-iCOxkyuaWPl2X0gcCp8jEUjTt4LbYa7d22IUu0N41GVUQCexpklQoIk_SSzs35Cy8qB7udXRemIJlM_5JwSIa2RvY0s1uDLxAgzU6tXaEAvIqAKhUJM4H53coGmr2gZhV1MuZNLhE7JZAPwnQUQsxD9ZSWFFpbAFtzmAk1Ht5xF3K4_SsPc82hxWIiaMyw0PNt_zT7gQwPVMCWoktJROLNOqGOmgymN6hSAzLcqmKGdVS3tYD7ejFBhIYJ5A58Ux3tjj2L8csU2Sj6k9GhOj_5puB6kACTewy1qohzEyMYrEXAYM5dizx__oC96hf5YULjHQqf0T2FYGY,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.facebook.com/groups/3061760543907386/permalink/4226008697482559,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/nation/photos/10159823771319497,https://nairobi.go.ke/,https://twitter.com/047County?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Eprofile%3A047County%7Ctwgr%5EeyJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2hvcml6b25fdHdlZXRfZW1iZWRfOTU1NSI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJodGUiLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3R3ZWV0X2VtYmVkX2NsaWNrYWJpbGl0eV8xMjEwMiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250cm9sIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH19&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fnairobi.go.ke%2F,https://twitter.com/047County/status/1405170397369282562,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1",No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,, -26,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-photos-dont-show-actual-house-russias-president-just-design-concept,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Photos shared on Facebook show a futuristic structure like something from a James Bond movie, set on a high v-shaped platform among trees. The caption to the photos claims it is the home of a former spy – former intelligence officer and long-time Russian president Vladimir Putin. It reads: “Putin House in Sochi, Russia designed by Roman Vlasov.”Putin has been president since 2012, and also served in the position from 1999 to 2008. Sochi is a city and resort area on the Black Sea in southwestern Russia. But is this really Putin’s house in Sochi? We investigated.‘This is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin’ – architectA reverse image search for the three photos revealed the same three images shared on Instagram, posted by the architect Roman Vlasov.They are all captioned “PUTIN HOUSE or a story about what his villa might look like By @_vlasov_roman_”.These images are design concepts, illustrations for an idea created by the architect. They do not show a building that has been built, or what Putin’s house actually looks like.Vlasov told AFP Fact-Check this was just a concept.“In my Instagram account there is a description for this work,” he said. “And it says that this is my vision of the house of the president of my country, Vladimir Putin. I have not written anywhere that this house is his property.”Many Putin residencesThere was controversy in early 2021 about Putin building himself a “mega-palace” and spending more time away from his residence in Novo-Ogaryovo, just outside the Russian capital, than he admitted. His official residence is in the Kremlin, the fortified complex in the center of Moscow which is home to the Russian government. But news sources say Putin mostly lives at Novo-Ogaryovo.","https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.facebook.com/ugandazukuka/posts/2678393912459239?__xts__[0]=68.ARCxFUlL6PEtEOa3KAawjzpiXbe_DcT9RYEDpTUTjdo11lmVY3cRO4J3RP478MCWJN0Hmw6Yab-gZ9RErLIWK16jhXQoU1u3XblPgUE4PE14iG1ZLqlFrT9ZL0w37Gzmnp8HrGMR8ygnk0XSVGfFy0Fwsd0kkplsG0XepwfiEHa7JQz4BKjg_NwPaI5jLLdWjPTHQnkeSdffXA3-2Dq2EZyF85Vl0jMPnyUG8WpQEmNcnnyu-WLYN3gUGt_EdX-Z7GU8S2PszAc6Skjz9NdHxoPArOLmaAtIZHA,https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vladimir-Putin,https://www.britannica.com/place/Sochi,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd69C2haip/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd62C0h32C/,https://www.instagram.com/p/CKd6qKkhlJ_/,http://archvizual.com/,https://factcheck.afp.com/picture-shows-design-concept-house-created-russia-based-architect?fbclid=IwAR1mzHU2hpd6KUOBwXiEv1PDM1xth1qm9dbNNAGfvWKZibc-NtCQSByZXQU,https://www.newsweek.com/putin-denies-navalny-black-sea-palace-expose-1564222,https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/13/world/europe/putin-russia-office-sochi.html,https://www.rferl.org/a/24690543.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-putin-idUSKBN23N3B4,https://www.britannica.com/technology/kremlin,https://www.britannica.com/video/179907/Overview-Kremlin-Moscow,https://www.britannica.com/place/Moscow,https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1210121.shtml,https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/06/theres-more-to-russia-than-putin/,https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/04/01/putin-working-remotely-after-meeting-infected-doctor-kremlin-says-a69826","No, photos don’t show actual house of Russia’s president, just design concept","Putin, households",,,,, +18,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/masanin-kwayoyin-cuta-montagnier-bai-ce-duk-wadanda-aka-yiwa-allurar-rigakafi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shin Luc Montagnier, ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ɗan ƙasar Faransa yace duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Wannan rubutu ne da ke ta yawo a WhatsApp, Facebook da Instagram a Najeriya a watan Mayu 2021.Da dama daga rubutun da ake yaɗawa na nuna hoton Montagnier da taken: “ Duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakifi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu.”“ Luc Montagnier wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ya tabbatar da cewa babu dama mutum ya cigaba da rayuwa bayan ya yi kowacce daga alluran rigakafin,” rubutu da ake fi yaɗawa ke cewa.“ A wata ganawa da akayi da shi, babban ƙwararre akan ƙwayoyin cuta ya ce: ‘ babu dama, sannan babu magani ga waɗanda suka riga sukayi allurar rigakafin. Mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki.’ Masanin kimiyar ya kuma goyi da bayan da’awowin wasu masana ƙwayoyin cuta bayan yayi nazarin abubuwa da ke ɗauke  acikin alluran rigakafin. Duk zasu mutu daga haɓakar ƙwayoyin kare ƙwayar cuta a jiki. Babu abun da za a kuma cewa.”Da dama daga rubutukan da ake yaɗawa an alaƙanta su ga wani rubutu a shafin yanar gizo na LifeSiteNews, wanda ke da taƙen: Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta nobel: Taron llurar rigakafin Covid ‘kuskure ne da ba a amince da shi ba.”Da gaske Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa alllurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu? Ƙarya aka alaƙanta masa, ‘ labaran ƙarya aka kwaikwaya’Wanda aka haifa a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta 1932, Luc Montagnier masanin binciken kimiyyyar ɗan asalin ƙasar Faransa, wanda ya samu tarin nasarori da suka haɗa da lambar yabo ta Nobel a shekarar 2008 akan ilimin sanin halittar ɗan adam da likitanci. Ya kuma jagoranci tawagar masana da suka gano ƙwayar cutar ƙanjamau (HIV) da kuma abun da ke jawo karyewar garkuwar jiki ( Aids)Rubutun da LifeSiteNews tayi, wanda aka buga ranar 19 ga Mayu, ya ambato wata hira da Montagnier “ wadda gidauniyar RAIR ta ƙasar Amurka suka fassara kuma suka wallafa a jiya.” Gidauniyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin “ wani yunƙuri don ƙwanto jamhuriyar mu daga mutane da ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa kai don yaƙi da Amurka, tsarin mulki, iyakokin mu da kare ɗabi’un yahudu da nasara”.A cewar LifeSiteNews, Montagnier ya kira “ allurar rigakafin cutar korona da abun da ba a yi tunani ba, kuma babban kuskure a tarihi da ke haifar da nau’ikan cutar, wadda ke ta jawo mace-mace daga cutar”. “ Babban kuskure ne, ko ba haka ba? Kuskure a kimiyance, a kuma likitance. Kuskure ne da ba za a taɓa amincewa da shi ba,” Sun wallafo Montagnier na cewa. “ Littattafan tarihi zasu tabbatar da haka, saboda allurar rigakafin ke jawo nau’oin cutar.”Sai dai babu inda rubutun ya ambato Montagnier ya ce duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu, ko kuma “ mu shirya ƙona gawawwaki”.A ranar 27 ga Mayu, LifeSiteNews suka ƙara sabunta rubutun. “ Yayin da LifeSiteNews ta ruwaito abun da Montagnier ya faɗa, wasu masana kimiyya sun yi watsi da rubutun sa, na cewa alluran rigakafin na jawo sababbin nau’ikan cutar,” sabon rubutu ya fara da cewa. Ya kuma ƙare da cewa: “ Abu na biyu shine, Montagnier bai ce duk wanda aka yiwa gwajin  allurar rigakafin Covid-19 ‘zai mutu’ cikin shekaru biyu ba. Wannan maganar an ƙage ta, an danganta masa ita a matsayin labaran ƙarya da ya ke ta bazuwa.”Ba mu samu wata hujja da ta tabbatar da cewa Montagnier yayi waɗannan kalamai ba.","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luc-Montagnier,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2961114490882044&set=a.1416453855348123&type=3,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-06/mass%20vaccination.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/100002869583120/videos/3859004177538530/?__tn__=%2CO-R,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPjH9cihfL7/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-06/mass%20vaccination.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/100002869583120/videos/3859004177538530/?__tn__=%2CO-R,https://www.instagram.com/p/CPjH9cihfL7/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-06/mass%20vaccination.JPG,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/about,https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize,https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/laureates/montagnier,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://rairfoundation.com/about/,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants,https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/nobel-prize-winner-mass-covid-vaccination-an-unacceptable-mistake-that-is-creating-the-variants",Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta Montagnier bai ce ‘ duk waɗanda aka yiwa allurar rigakafi zasu mutu cikin shekaru biyu’,,,,,, +19,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/shafa-kugu-baya-kara-yawan-maniyyi,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Shafa tsakiyar ƙugu na sa ƙarin ruwan maniyyi, a cewar wani hoto a Facebook wanda mutane da dama suka aka rarraba shi.Hoton na ɗauke da kanun rubutun kamar haka, “ Yawan maniyyi” da kuma hoton babban ɗan yatsa akan tsakiyar ƙugu. “ Ku ƙara yawan maniyyi ta hanyar shafa nan wajen a ƙugun ku,” aka rubuta akan hoton.Wasu da su ke tsokaci a ƙasan rubutun waɗanda suka kai sama da mutum 600, na neman a tabbatar musu da gaskiyar batun. Akwai wata hujja a kimiyyance? Menene ƙarancin ruwan maniyyi?A cewar Mayo Clinic, wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya mallakar Amurka, ana ƙirga yawan maniyyin namiji ne ta hanyar dubawa da madubin dibarudu, sannan a ƙirga yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin da suka bayyana.Yawan ƙwayoyin halittar maniyyin lafiyayyen mutum yana kamawa daga miliyan 15 zuwa sama da miliyan 200 kowanne milimita. Wannan na nufin ƙasa da miliyan 39 yayin inzali. Babu hujja a kimiyyance “ Wannan ai abun dariya ne, duk shekarun da nayi ina aikin kiwon lafiya ban taɓa jin haka ba,” Cewar Sulyman Kuranga, Farfesan mafitsara na jami’ar Ilorin da ke arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya, kamar yadda ya shaidawa Africa Check.Ya ce: “ Babu wata hujja a kimiyance cewa wannan zai ƙara yawan maniyyi. Sau tari ƙwayoyin cuta ke jawo matsalar ƙarancin yawan maniyyi. Idan an magance cutar, yawan maniyyi namiji na dawowa dai dai.”Don haka shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi. Babu hujjar da ta tabbatar da hakan a kimiyance, hakan bashi da nasaba da samuwar ruwan maniyyi,” Kuranga ya ce.Bamu samu wani bayani ko bincike da akayi akan hakan ba.Africa Check ta taɓa tantance wata da’awa makamanciyar wannan, wadda ke cewa haɗa wasu  magungunan gargajiya na ƙara yawan maniyyi. Kamar dai wannan su ma ba mu samu wata hujja a kimiyyance ba, don haka da’awar ƙarya ce.","https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://web.facebook.com/567790056994933/photos/a.568016010305671/596256384148300/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-sperm-count/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374591,https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-combination-fruit-and-spices-wont-boost-sperm-count,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/mixture-bitter-kola-powder-honey-and-ginger-no-cure-low-or-no-sperm-count",Shafa ƙugu baya ƙara yawan maniyyi,"Wrist, massage, sperm count",,,,, +20,,,,Incorrect,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-wata-cikakkiyar-hujjar-cewa-jikakken-ganyen-mangwaro-na-taimakawa-masu,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"Wani saƙo da ke yawo a Facebook a Najeriya na iƙirarin cewa za a iya amfani da  ganyen mangwaro don kula da cutar suga nau’i na biyu. Rubutun na Facebook na cewa: “ Ganyen Mangwaro na ɗauke da sindarin tanins da antosiyanis waɗanda suke da ikon taimakawa jiki ya samar da sinadarin insulin, ya daidaita yawan suga a jiki, ya taimakawa mai cutar suga nau’i na 2. Yana taimakawa mai ciwon rage alamomin ciwon a jiki, kamar yawan fitsari da daddare, ya kuma yi maganin cutukan sugan da akafi sani da aniyofati da ratinofati.”Ciwon suga cuta ce da ake rayuwa da ita a jiki, wacce ke haddasa hauhawar sikarin da ke jiki. Saboda gazawar jiki wajen samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, ko kuma baya amfani da insulin ɗin da jiki ke samarwa yadda ya kamata. Jiki na amfani da sinadarin insulin wajen sarrafa suga da kitse.Cutar suga nau’i na 1 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki baya iya samar da isasshen sinadarin insulin, yayin da cutar suga nau’i na 2 na afkuwa ne lokacin da jiki ya gaza amfani da sinadarin insulin.Rubutun na Facebook ya bayyana yadda za’a haɗa da kuma yadda za’a yi amfani da jiƙon ganyen mangwaron.Shin akwai hujja a kimiyyance da ta tabbatar da hakan? Mun bincika. ‘Ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha haɗin ba’ - cewar ƙwararre a fannin.A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 ke fama da cutar suga. Da dama sun fito daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi. Cutar na kashe aƙalla mutane milyan 1.6 a kowacce shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana.Wasu binciken sun tattara bayanai akan sinadarin yaƙi da cutar suga da ke jikin mangwaro. Sharhi akan ayyukan ɗa itace da ganyen mangwaro wajen magani ya nuna cewa “ zai iya zama yana cikin magungunan maganin cutar suga”.“ Wasu daga cikin waɗannan itatuwa na da abubuwa kala kala a jikin su masu amfani,” Aihanuwa Eregie, Farfesa akan magunguna ta jami’ar Benin da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya ta shaidawa Africa Check.“Zan fi so ace anyi binciken waɗannan abubuwan a kimiyance, a fitar da abu mai amfani a yi gwaji akan sa na ɗan lokaci. Amma yanzu ba zan bawa kowa shawarar ya sha wannan haɗin ba,” Farfesar ta ce.Ta ƙara da cewa: “ Duk likitan da ya samo cikakken horo akan cutar suga, ba zai ce a sha ganyen mangwaro ba.”Hukumar kula da cututtaka masu yaɗuwa ta Amurka ta ce, za’a iya rayuwa da cutar suga tare da cin abincin da ya dace da shan magunguna don sauƙaƙa cutar suga, hawan jini da yawan kitse.","https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/insulin,https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes,https://web.facebook.com/peterfatomilolaofficialpag/posts/1552215944969948,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452316X17300819,https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue3/PartA/5-2-21-518.pdf,https://www.uniben.edu/,https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html",Babu wata cikakkiyar hujjar cewa jiƙaƙƙen ganyen mangwaro na taimakawa masu cutar suga nau’i na biyu,"fake cures, diabetes, mixtures",,,,, +21,,,,False,Fatima Abubakar,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/fatima-abubakar,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/babu-hujjar-cewa-sojojin-najeriya-300-sun-bar-aiki-tun-bayan-hatsarin-jirgin,,2021-07-27,africacheck,,"“ SAMA DA SOJOJIN NAJERIYA 300 NE SUKA BAR AIKI BAYAN JIRGIN DA AKE ZARGI YA FADO DA SHUGABAN SOJOJIN DA WASU,” cewar wani rubutu da aka wallafa a Facebook a Najeriya, a watan Mayu 2021.Rubutun ya ƙara da cewa: “ MU DAI MUNA ZUBA IDO.”Lt Gen Ibrahim Attahiru, shugaban sojoji, ya rasa ransa da wasu mutane 10 ranar 21 ga watan Mayu a wani hatsarin jirgin sama a jihar Kaduna, arewa maso yammacin Najeriya. Jirgin ya taso ne daga Abuja, babban birnin tarayya, inda ya faɗi yayin da ya ke ƙoƙarin sauka a Kaduna sanadiyar rashin kyan yanayi. Ko sojojin Najeriya da dama sun bar aiki bayan afkuwar hatsarin? Mun bincika. Bamu samu inda aka fitar da labarin cewa sojoji 300 sun bar aiki baLabarin barin aikin sojoji na kwana-kwanan nan dai anyi shi tun watan Junerun 2021, inda aka ce an bawa sojojin 127 damar ajiye aiki idan suna so kafin watan Mayu. Kwamitin wakilai a Najeriya ya tabbatar da cewa a shekarar 2020 dai sojoji 386 sun ajiye aikin da kansu, dalilin matsalar rashin lafiya da wasu matsalolin..Amma babu rahoton barin aikin sojoji 300 bayan rasuwar Attahiru.Bamu samu shelar barin sojoji aiki ba a shafin rundunar sojojin, hanyoyin watsa labaran su ko a shafukan su na yanar gizo.","https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=181073540577691&id=105023624849350&__cft__%5b0%5d=AZW0YHH6bwRBXe-Tm52ZxFFYVtNi242-Bs0ZKoZn90_qYyPbqXSjtNrHMemTglJb0ASictBnUG2YF1ypVpmOZlpfLCltDQj2TqIRZtOv7USb2BaZwaMWFMGgNhMbi_FVIhfV4sPX6KifvXumZqxYT9fp&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57208951,https://army.mil.ng/chief-of-army-staff-lt-gen-ibrahim-attahiru-dies-in-air-crash/,https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/437852-exclusive-127-soldiers-resign-from-nigerian-army.html,https://www.icirnigeria.org/why-3https:/www.icirnigeria.org/why-386-soldiers-resigned-from-nigerian-army-in-q2-of-2020-reps/,https://dailytrust.com/386-soldiers-quit-army-in-1-year-reps,https://army.mil.ng/,https://twitter.com/HQNigerianArmy",Babu hujjar cewa sojojin Najeriya 300 sun bar aiki tun bayan hatsarin jirgin saman da yayi sanadin mutuwar shugaban sojojin,military,,,,, +22,,,,Fake,Grace Gichuhi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/grace-gichuhi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-tanzanian-president-suluhu-didnt-tweet-twitter-activist-kigogo2014-should,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"Tanzanian president Samia Suluhu has come out in support of a prominent but anonymous Twitter user with the handle @Kigogo2014, a whistleblower and human rights activist who was threatened with arrest by the administration of late president John Magufuli.At least, so it appears in what seems to be a screenshot of a tweet from Suluhu’s verified Twitter account, circulating on Facebook since June 2021.“Mwacheni Kigogo2014 Fanyeni mambo ya msingi na yenye Tija katika nchi, Kila mmoja ana Haki na Uhuru wa kujieleza,” the tweet reads, in Kiswahili.This roughly translates as: “Let Kigogo2014 be. Focus on important and productive issues in the country. Every person has a right and freedom to express themselves.”The screenshot has been shared in two public Facebook groups, one with more than 280,000 members, the other with some 67,000 members. False claims of copyright infringement have been used in an attempt to silence @Kigogo2014, who has more than 577,000 followers and has been described in Tanzania as “our president of the Twitter republic”.The activist’s identity is unknown, a “closely guarded secret”, the BBC says. He or she told the BBC: “I'm a whistleblower and I expose corruption and human rights abuses in the country.”But did Suluhu, who succeeded Magufuli when he died in March, really tweet that @Kigogo2104 should be left alone?We checked.‘This information is not true’There is no reference to “Kigogo2014” on the Tanzanian presidency’s official Facebook page. An advanced Twitter search also returned no results. But the screenshot was posted on “Ikulu Mawasiliano”, the Facebook page of the president’s communication team – stamped “FAKE NEWS”.“TAARIFA HII SIYO YA KWELI. IPUUZWE,” the post reads. Translation: “This information is not true. Ignore it.” A screenshot of a tweet suggests that Tanzanian president Suluhu has called for activist Twitter user @Kigogo2014 to be left alone. But the president’s communications team dismissed it as fake.","https://www.ikulu.go.tz/,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/minister-lugola-launches-attack-on-twitter-user-kigogo-ahead-of-civic-polls-2695988,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://web.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/permalink/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/329927404946164/posts/498008031471433/,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://twitter.com/kigogo2014,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55186932,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56437852,https://www.facebook.com/groups/305876886781039/posts/787087178660005/,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014.JPG,https://www.facebook.com/ikulu.mawasiliano,https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/Kigogo2014Twitter.JPG,https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849,https://web.facebook.com/Ikulu-Mawasiliano-100402328861849/?__cft__%5b0%5d=AZWm2B-o-K7ntsm7IN5Cy5w_26GOSiZRCheTSp_FZvK4JsVHslryicDjSarNS8U6Fgz4HozXk-_LKiwIEwRDXWryZ2AKNN_QNArcPCFCF4YaVjHmQOuGz_5Xq-MQ1q-Oy0H3Uy0sMFpbECCwqzBz0D8j&__tn__=-UC%2CP-R,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=129513889284026&id=100402328861849","No, Tanzanian president Suluhu didn’t tweet that Twitter activist @Kigogo2014 should be left alone",,,,,, +23,,,,Correct,Mandy Lombo,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/mandy-lombo,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/yes-video-shows-massive-queue-shops-ulundi-after-shutdownsa-protests,,2021-07-26,africacheck,,"South Africa’s Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces experienced a week of looting, protests and violence following former president Jacob Zuma’s imprisonment for contempt of court. During the tense week several false and misleading videos were shared online. In many cases old or out of context videos were passed off as recent events. Social media users tagged Africa Check in many of the posts, including one with a video of a long queue winding along a road. Most posts of the video, filmed from a helicopter, said it showed food queues in Ulundi, KwaZulu-Natal. We checked. Google Maps confirms video filmed in Ulundi Using Google Maps we were able to confirm that the video was filmed in Ulundi. At the beginning of the video there’s a building on the corner of a T-junction. This is the Ulundi police station on King Zwelithini street. A billboard in the video is also visible in Google street view. At 19 seconds the Ulundi municipal building appears in the video. In Google satellite view, the same building and green roofs can be seen. Video filmed on 16 July 2021The next step was to confirm if the video was filmed after the violence and looting in KwaZulu-Natal. Africa Check spoke to Ulundi’s municipality speaker, councillor Johanna Manana. She confirmed that the video was shot on 16 July 2021, by municipal manager Nkosenye Zulu.  Manana said the queue formed because the municipality had decided that “only two shops, Spar and Boxer, would be open on that day. This was to try and avoid looting and burning of shops.” She said that all shops in Ulundi had since been opened.","https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/13/south-africa-zuma-protests-violence/,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57650517,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/beware-you-share-these-shutdownsa-videos-are-misleading,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://twitter.com/SammyJoeD/status/1416056830661382147,https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ulundi/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x1ef0636c86b220c3:0xcb1dd66c50c6974d?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWiKnD5fjxAhX3QUEAHZW1AxsQ8gEwJHoECFMQAQ,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2951811,31.4291395,3a,75y,225.26h,83.33t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1svjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DvjOb6-wXxoZCsxqhwVg5XQ%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D304.48022%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2954652,31.4281484,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.2924603,31.4252623,329m/data=!3m1!1e3,https://www.ulundi.gov.za/office-mm","Yes, video shows massive queue for shops in Ulundi after #ShutdownSA protests",,,,,, +24,,,,False,Taryn Willows,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/taryn-willows,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-covid-vaccines-cannot-make-you-magnetic-videos-claim,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Several videos doing the rounds on Facebook in South Africa appear to show different metal objects sticking to people who have recently received the Covid-19 vaccine.One video shows a phone stuck to a man’s arm, apparently after he received the second jab of the vaccine against Covid.Another shows a metal spoon sticking to a woman’s arm, apparently also  after she received the vaccine.A third video, with people speaking isiZulu, shows a woman putting a coin against a man’s arm and it also sticking to him. It’s unclear whether the man and woman in the third video are in fact South African, as the dialogue is out of sync with the people speaking, so may have been recorded over a video from elsewhere. The man and woman in the first and second videos sound Nigerian, though this could not be immediately confirmed.These videos have been widely shared since vaccines against Covid-19 first became available in South Africa, with claims the vaccines contain metals or microchips that make the site of injection magnetic. But could this startling claim be true? We checked.Debunked by South African government news agencyThe South African government news agency put out a statement about the reported phenomena on 11 June 2021, in response to the viral videos. It started: “The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has welcomed input from top global health experts, who have dismissed purported links between the Covid-19 vaccine and magnetic fields.”Provincial government minister of health Nomagugu Simelane said that “several international medical scientists have rejected these claims as scientifically improbable and false”.“According to a report shared by World Health Organization (WHO) affiliated group, Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (Aira), Covid-19 vaccines do not contain magnetic microchips.”An earlier statement by the South African government on 9 June quoted Dr Stephen Schrantz, an infectious diseases specialist at the University of Chicago. He said: “No, getting a Covid-19 vaccine cannot cause your arm to be magnetised. This is a hoax, plain and simple”.“There is absolutely no way that a vaccine can lead to the reaction shown in these videos posted to Instagram and YouTube. It is better explained by two-sided tape on the metal disc being applied to the skin, rather than a magnetic reaction,” he said.The government also quoted Dr Thomas Hope, vaccine researcher and professor of cell and developmental biology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US, who also debunked the claim.He said: “This is impossible. There’s nothing there [in the vaccine] that a magnet can interact with, it’s protein and lipids, salts, water and chemicals that maintain the pH. That’s basically it, so this is not possible.”Nothing magnetic in vaccine ingredients?In order for these metal objects to stick to where someone has received the vaccine jab, the ingredients would have to have a metal base.According to the WHO, none of the ingredients in Covid vaccines have a metal base.The WHO also says that many of the components used in vaccines “occur naturally in the body, in the environment, and in the foods we eat”. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also lists the ingredients for each of the Covid-19 vaccines approved around the world.The various ingredients in the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are listed by the FDA. None of these vaccines list any metal-based ingredients. The US Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) notes that “Covid-19 vaccines do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection”. (Note: Only the Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines have been administered in South Africa at the time of writing.)Doses so small, even if were magnetic, wouldn’t attract objects shown in videosSome fact-checking organisations have also made the point that even if the vaccines did contain magnetic metals, one dose could not possibly cause a magnetic reaction. Medical professionals at the Meedan Health Desk have explained why: “The amount of metal that would need to be in a vaccine for it to attract a magnet is much more substantial than the amounts that could be present in a vaccine's small dose.”An expert the BBC spoke to gave some ways one can get metals to appear to stick to the skin. These include surface oils or tension and “trickery like band-aid residue or other sticky residue”. The claim that Covid-19 vaccines can cause a person to become magnetic at the vaccination site has been widely debunked by several other fact-checking organisations. It is simply not possible.","https://www.facebook.com/ruth.suowari/videos/418750162587520/,https://www.facebook.com/poemosis/videos/1168663400313236/,https://www.facebook.com/mbokazi/posts/10224841580205302,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/covid-19-vaccine-magnetic-fields-claims-dismissed,https://www.gov.za/speeches/mec-nomagugu-simelane-welcomes-dismissal-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-%E2%80%9Cmagnet%E2%80%9D-claims-hoax,https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination?topicsurvey=)&gclid=CjwKCAjwruSHBhAtEiwA_qCppkxj3NWUiMNQ3be39DV5yPfZ19F0O0YrB_Nqn0Zl4w7rsn2qR5939RoCvbEQAvD_BwE,https://www.fda.gov/,https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/144638/download#page=2,https://www.fda.gov/media/146305/download#page=2,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html,https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSL2N2N41KA,https://health-desk.org/articles/what-do-we-know-about-the-pfizer-vaccine-and-magnets,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/21/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-arent-magnetic/7698556002/,https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/mornings-with-mack/watch-covid-19-vaccine-wont-make-you-magnetic/,https://www.bbc.com/news/av/57207134","No, Covid vaccines cannot make you magnetic as videos claim","magnet, Coronavirus, Covid-19 vaccine",,,,, +25,,,,Incorrect,Naledi Mashishi,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/naledi-mashishi,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/reports/state-emergency-would-not-strip-ramaphosas-powers-and-make-dlamini-zuma,"If a state of emergency is declared in South Africa the president will be stripped of his powers, which will go to the military. Cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma will, in terms of the disaster management act, “take over”.",2021-07-23,africacheck,,"After calls for a state of emergency to deal with protests and looting in South Africa, a message appeared on social media claiming that an emergency declaration would give the president’s powers to the military and put cooperative governance minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma in charge.Constitutional law experts told Africa Check this was false. A state of emergency would give the president more power, and he would retain control of the military.The current state of disaster to control Covid-19 does give the cooperative governance minister limited new powers. But she would not “take over”, as the message claims, under a state of emergency.A message heavily shared on WhatsApp and Facebook warns about the consequences of a state of emergency being declared in South Africa.“If a state of emergency is declared the military takes over the rule of the land and the state president is stripped of his powers,” it reads. “In terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s.” Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma is South Africa’s minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs (Cogta). She was married to former president Jacob Zuma from 1993 to 1998.South Africa saw a week of violent protests and looting after Zuma was taken into custody to serve a 15-month sentence for contempt of court. At least 337 people were killed and 1,500 arrested. The violence led to calls for the government to declare a state of emergency to restore order.Is the message an accurate reflection of what would happen if a state of emergency was declared in South Africa? We checked. Viral message is ‘absurd’Prof Pierre de Vos, a constitutional law expert in the department of public law at the University of Cape Town, said the viral message was “absurd”. He explained that under a state of emergency, governance still lies with parliament and the executive. But the presidency is given more powers –  they are not “stripped” away. The South African constitution and the State of Emergency Act allow the president to declare a state of emergency only when “the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster, or other public emergency”. It can apply to the whole country or a specific area. “It gives the president Cyril Ramaphosa more power to make regulations,” de Vos said. But he added that there were limits to the presidency’s additional powers under a state of emergency: “The extra powers can only be used if they are necessary to deal with the emergency. You cannot make regulations about things that are not directly linked to trying to deal with the emergency.”Michael Evans is an attorney and partner at law firm Webber Wentzel with experience in local government, and administrative and constitutional issues. He told Africa Check that the military would not take over during a state of emergency. “The president is still the one who [delegates] responsibility and [confers] power and he can at any time withdraw it.”State of disaster during Covid pandemic  The message also claims that “in terms of the Disaster management Act Nkosazana dlamini Zuma will take over giving power to the Zuma’s”. South Africa is currently under a state of disaster, which was declared on 15 March 2020 in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Disaster Management Act, which falls under Cogta, dictates which regulations are enforced. At the moment these include mandatory mask-wearing in public, a curfew, restrictions on gatherings and an alcohol ban.But De Vos said the act was “completely separate” legislation that could not override the constitution. Evans told Africa Check that while the state of disaster has given Dlamini-Zuma powers that she would not ordinarily have as Cogta minister, she does not take the place of the president. He said there were key differences between a state of emergency and a state of disaster.A state of emergency has more parliamentary oversight than a state of disaster. Under the constitution, parliament must review a state of emergency after 21 days. “One of the problems with the national disaster has been that once a national disaster has been declared there is very little parliamentary oversight, which we’ve seen in the last year and a half,” Evans explained. Another major difference is that the public still have all of their basic constitutional rights under a state of disaster. But these rights can be limited under a state of emergency.  No state of emergency since apartheid ended South Africa last saw a state of emergency under the apartheid regime, in 1986. Evans, who was detained three times during apartheid-era states of emergency, told Africa Check the current state of emergency act was a “much better situation”.“Under the apartheid era we had no constitution so there was absolutely no protection. You could detain people, for example, indefinitely under the emergency in the apartheid era,” he said. “Now, if we have a state of emergency it will be very different because you will still retain a number of your constitutional rights and some of the other issues are quite heavily regulated.”The constitution includes a section setting out which rights can be limited under a state of emergency, and to what extent. Importantly, the right to life and human dignity are entirely protected from limitation. But De Vos warned that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly, as other rights could be limited. “They could, for example, allow people to be detained for 30 or 60 days without a trial.” The government could have the power to limit the media and communication, such as by shutting down the internet, if it is deemed necessary to deal with the emergency.Conclusion: No accuracy in claims about state of emergency in South AfricaA viral message on WhatsApp and Facebook warns that a declaration of a state of emergency in South Africa would strip powers from the president and give them to the military. It also claims that under the Disaster Management Act, Cogta minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma would become president.Two constitutional law experts rubbished these claims. Under a state of emergency the president is given more power and retains control of the military. The current state of disaster to deal with Covid-19 does give Dlamini-Zuma more power than before. But she would not become the president under a state of emergency.We therefore rate the message as incorrect.The experts warned, however, that a state of emergency should not be taken lightly as it could allow basic rights to be limited.","https://africacheck.org/sites/default/files/media/images/2021-07/State%20of%20Emergency.png,https://www.facebook.com/bevlee.naidoo/posts/10159575876567498,https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/Minister-Nkosazana-Dlamini-Zuma.aspx,https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/nkosazana-clarice-dlamini-zuma,https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-17-this-is-us-those-trying-to-tear-south-africa-apart/,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/22/south-africa-unrest-death-toll-jumps-to-more-than-300,https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/505776/more-groups-call-for-state-of-emergency-in-south-africa/,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/pbl/staff/pdevos,http://www.publiclaw.uct.ac.za/,http://www.uct.ac.za/,https://www.gov.za/about-government/government-system/executive-authority-president-cabinet-and-deputy-ministers,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf#page=2,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Specialists/Pages/Michael-Evans.aspx,https://www.webberwentzel.com/Pages/default.aspx,http://declared,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=3,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=5,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=7,https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202106/44772rg11299gon565.pdf#page=14,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=20,https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/states-emergency-south-africa-1960s-and-1980s,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22,https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/saconstitution-web-eng.pdf#page=22",State of emergency would NOT strip Ramaphosa’s powers and make Dlamini-Zuma president,"state of emergency, president, Dlamini-Zuma",,,,, +26,,,,False,Dancan Bwire,,,africacheck,https://africacheck.org/about/authors/dancan-bwire,https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/fbchecks/no-evidence-nairobi-county-deputy-governor-made-statement-about-kenya-trade,,2021-07-23,africacheck,,"Has the acting governor of Kenya’s capital credited her success to a prominent trade unionist?A graphic shared in a Facebook group with over a million members includes a photo of and supposedly quotes Nairobi county deputy governor Anne Kananu Mwenda. She has been acting governor since January 2021. The quote reads: “Without Francis Atwoli I wouldn't be deputy governor of Nairobi today, it is him who called Murathe and told him that regardless of being a Sonko nominee he believed that I would deliver. It is great honor to rename Dik Dik Road after my political godfather. On top of that he is also a staunch supporter of BBI.” Atwoli is the general secretary of Kenya’s Central Organization of Trade Unions. A road in Nairobi was named after him in May and he publicly thanked Mwenda for the honour on Twitter. But the renaming was criticised by some Kenyans and new road signs have been vandalised at least twice.David Murathe is the vice-chairperson of the country’s ruling party, Jubilee. Mike Mbuvi Sonko is the former governor of Nairobi county who was removed from office in December 2020.The graphic also shows the logo of the trusted news outlet Nation Africa. It has been shared by other users and Facebook groups. But is the quote genuine?No evidence Mwenda said anything similarThe graphic looks badly photoshopped and the photo of Mwenda is blurry. The quote includes misspellings and missing words, which is unusual in a communication from a trustworthy news organisation. The font is also different from the one used in other similar graphics from Nation Africa. These are all signs that the graphic wasn’t issued by the news outlet and is fake.Africa Check looked at all similar graphics published since 18 June 2021 and did not find this quote from Mwenda, or anything similar.Using the Nairobi City County website, we found the county’s Twitter handle and from there, the county deputy boss’s account. She has not posted anything on Twitter like the comment in the digitally manipulated graphic.We could find no coverage in any news outlet of a quote like it. It appears to have been made up.","https://www.facebook.com/groups/kenyapolitforum/permalink/2871879856444117/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/who-is-anne-kananu-mwenda-the-new-nairobi-deputy-governor-311181/,https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/jubilee-partys-message-to-anne-kananu-mwenda-after-taking-over-as-acting-nairobi/3h5jgg2,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/francis-atwoli-straight-shooter-no-hostages-over-street-name-3425646,https://cotu-kenya.org/,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://twitter.com/AtwoliDza/status/1397894774787616775,https://citizentv.co.ke/news/francis-atwoli-road-sign-in-kileleshwa-burnt-down-11932708/,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/nainotepad/2001308336/david-murathe-the-chief-chef-in-uhurus-kitchen-cabinet,https://twitter.com/MikeSonko,https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/article/2001397657/its-over-for-sonko,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://nation.africa/kenya,https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10219545116081750&set=bc.Abo0ISOgdBjLRJsp5pZmVgWquSoilJF5aqwBgAh8vVrEwN6TqiPjZQmE-ieYH54Qsbc8zq3CR5XoONVicDSSrcjsNQMG9SGmp22TEEPxc5YU87w4Kcgzj8O3cQu35AhVdh2jYpVYM5YZUrD5Xlj-4bLrS_0nyHsgsQlo5jhq7Nb9BeGCEJ99jqXLUA3xttjWpSaxrRgfYTnha_vinzbp2fH0NH5gHPMIY4AnrX5QTJRIs94YTuKrVoyjyieDkD7JLoCDQFYAy3kalnCn2FkIgMa9qJwsF6WIW75tjzqsJHa48dS-xYvBuD--uGqcvaZ7V18rjVpVRwRM1Uepy0eJVXXkDtYBCHv4eS9XGFB6YEDWdnCzSXtNDfcRV6m0qFjePuM&opaqueCursor=AbpySrKdzkXnOLaMMmf8XWMhrGtdJs2NotEy4bPwnkorwa91N9RlmWY5Ubav8iriaBEkfXTMJNp_IMTLmOPXgKbf7l9XB-xjAVzdNo0pc04VMN_qpGT2EiwchadFQJ0IDe55-qWUjvVjbtOkuA92RnmM2UYhyWb4v_u-c3NztQ3KVuiLE_hUtA6j3aXTEp3EfG9HuzZm7KI7ZnN1gLvOzJhY_K1w3X20sVWyiBeEpctqVRR1X412c-iCOxkyuaWPl2X0gcCp8jEUjTt4LbYa7d22IUu0N41GVUQCexpklQoIk_SSzs35Cy8qB7udXRemIJlM_5JwSIa2RvY0s1uDLxAgzU6tXaEAvIqAKhUJM4H53coGmr2gZhV1MuZNLhE7JZAPwnQUQsxD9ZSWFFpbAFtzmAk1Ht5xF3K4_SsPc82hxWIiaMyw0PNt_zT7gQwPVMCWoktJROLNOqGOmgymN6hSAzLcqmKGdVS3tYD7ejFBhIYJ5A58Ux3tjj2L8csU2Sj6k9GhOj_5puB6kACTewy1qohzEyMYrEXAYM5dizx__oC96hf5YULjHQqf0T2FYGY,https://www.facebook.com/khalifoi/posts/10220970494184595,https://www.facebook.com/groups/3061760543907386/permalink/4226008697482559,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=192229306150952&id=103041941736356,https://www.facebook.com/nation/photos/10159823771319497,https://nairobi.go.ke/,https://twitter.com/047County?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Eprofile%3A047County%7Ctwgr%5EeyJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2hvcml6b25fdHdlZXRfZW1iZWRfOTU1NSI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJodGUiLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3R3ZWV0X2VtYmVkX2NsaWNrYWJpbGl0eV8xMjEwMiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250cm9sIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH19&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fnairobi.go.ke%2F,https://twitter.com/047County/status/1405170397369282562,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1,https://twitter.com/AnnKMwenda1",No evidence Nairobi county deputy governor made statement about Kenya trade unionist helping her get top job,,,,,, diff --git a/output_sample_checkyourfact.csv b/samples/output_sample_checkyourfact.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_checkyourfact.csv rename to samples/output_sample_checkyourfact.csv diff --git a/output_sample_fatabyyano.csv b/samples/output_sample_fatabyyano.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_fatabyyano.csv rename to samples/output_sample_fatabyyano.csv diff --git a/output_sample_fullfact.csv b/samples/output_sample_fullfact.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_fullfact.csv rename to samples/output_sample_fullfact.csv diff --git a/output_sample_politifact.csv b/samples/output_sample_politifact.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_politifact.csv rename to samples/output_sample_politifact.csv diff --git a/output_sample_snopes.csv b/samples/output_sample_snopes.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_snopes.csv rename to samples/output_sample_snopes.csv diff --git a/output_sample_truthorfiction.csv b/samples/output_sample_truthorfiction.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_truthorfiction.csv rename to samples/output_sample_truthorfiction.csv diff --git a/output_sample_vishvasnews.csv b/samples/output_sample_vishvasnews.csv similarity index 100% rename from output_sample_vishvasnews.csv rename to samples/output_sample_vishvasnews.csv From 6a21339f2dfd07e2941975c760d9b102d6778d48 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schuellersa Date: Wed, 28 Jul 2021 17:21:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 13/13] #16 cleanup --- failed/test.txt | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 failed/test.txt diff --git a/failed/test.txt b/failed/test.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29..0000000