diff --git a/docs/source/python/api/compute.rst b/docs/source/python/api/compute.rst
index 5423eebfbab40..0205457fec751 100644
--- a/docs/source/python/api/compute.rst
+++ b/docs/source/python/api/compute.rst
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Aggregations
    min
    min_max
    mode
+   pivot_wider
    product
    quantile
    stddev
@@ -557,6 +558,7 @@ Compute Options
    PadOptions
    PairwiseOptions
    PartitionNthOptions
+   PivotWiderOptions
    QuantileOptions
    ReplaceSliceOptions
    ReplaceSubstringOptions
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/_compute.pyx b/python/pyarrow/_compute.pyx
index d23286dcdd02e..ee61077aa80ca 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/_compute.pyx
+++ b/python/pyarrow/_compute.pyx
@@ -2396,6 +2396,50 @@ class RankQuantileOptions(_RankQuantileOptions):
         self._set_options(sort_keys, null_placement)
 
 
+cdef class _PivotWiderOptions(FunctionOptions):
+
+    def _set_options(self, key_names, unexpected_key_behavior):
+        cdef:
+            vector[c_string] c_key_names
+            PivotWiderUnexpectedKeyBehavior c_unexpected_key_behavior
+        if unexpected_key_behavior == "ignore":
+            c_unexpected_key_behavior = PivotWiderUnexpectedKeyBehavior_Ignore
+        elif unexpected_key_behavior == "raise":
+            c_unexpected_key_behavior = PivotWiderUnexpectedKeyBehavior_Raise
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Unsupported value for unexpected_key_behavior: "
+                f"expected 'ignore' or 'raise', got {unexpected_key_behavior!r}")
+
+        for k in key_names:
+            c_key_names.push_back(tobytes(k))
+
+        self.wrapped.reset(
+            new CPivotWiderOptions(move(c_key_names), c_unexpected_key_behavior)
+        )
+
+
+class PivotWiderOptions(_PivotWiderOptions):
+    """
+    Options for the `pivot_wider` function.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    key_names : sequence of str
+        The pivot key names expected in the pivot key column.
+        For each entry in `key_names`, a column with the same name is emitted
+        in the struct output.
+    unexpected_key_behavior : str, default "ignore"
+        The behavior when pivot keys not in `key_names` are encountered.
+        Accepted values are "ignore", "raise".
+        If "ignore", unexpected keys are silently ignored.
+        If "raise", unexpected keys raise a KeyError.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, key_names, *, unexpected_key_behavior="ignore"):
+        self._set_options(key_names, unexpected_key_behavior)
+
+
 cdef class Expression(_Weakrefable):
     """
     A logical expression to be evaluated against some input.
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/compute.py b/python/pyarrow/compute.py
index 5348336235118..e2c17ee61d8ab 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/compute.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/compute.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
     PadOptions,
     PairwiseOptions,
     PartitionNthOptions,
+    PivotWiderOptions,
     QuantileOptions,
     RandomOptions,
     RankOptions,
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/includes/libarrow.pxd b/python/pyarrow/includes/libarrow.pxd
index 556696e3442e9..8e666b114bd89 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/includes/libarrow.pxd
+++ b/python/pyarrow/includes/libarrow.pxd
@@ -2823,6 +2823,16 @@ cdef extern from "arrow/compute/api.h" namespace "arrow::compute" nogil:
         vector[CSortKey] sort_keys
         CNullPlacement null_placement
 
+    cdef enum PivotWiderUnexpectedKeyBehavior \
+            "arrow::compute::PivotWiderOptions::UnexpectedKeyBehavior":
+        PivotWiderUnexpectedKeyBehavior_Ignore "arrow::compute::PivotWiderOptions::kIgnore"
+        PivotWiderUnexpectedKeyBehavior_Raise "arrow::compute::PivotWiderOptions::kRaise"
+
+    cdef cppclass CPivotWiderOptions \
+            "arrow::compute::PivotWiderOptions"(CFunctionOptions):
+        CPivotWiderOptions(vector[c_string] key_names,
+                           PivotWiderUnexpectedKeyBehavior)
+
     cdef enum DatumType" arrow::Datum::type":
         DatumType_NONE" arrow::Datum::NONE"
         DatumType_SCALAR" arrow::Datum::SCALAR"
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_compute.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_compute.py
index ef02b476bdc9a..99b3047d66fd0 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_compute.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_compute.py
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ def test_option_class_equality(request):
         pc.ArraySortOptions(),
         pc.AssumeTimezoneOptions("UTC"),
         pc.CastOptions.safe(pa.int8()),
+        pc.CumulativeOptions(start=None, skip_nulls=False),
         pc.CountOptions(),
         pc.DayOfWeekOptions(count_from_zero=False, week_start=0),
         pc.DictionaryEncodeOptions(),
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ def test_option_class_equality(request):
         pc.PadOptions(5),
         pc.PairwiseOptions(period=1),
         pc.PartitionNthOptions(1, null_placement="at_start"),
-        pc.CumulativeOptions(start=None, skip_nulls=False),
+        pc.PivotWiderOptions(["height"], unexpected_key_behavior="raise"),
         pc.QuantileOptions(),
         pc.RandomOptions(),
         pc.RankOptions(sort_keys="ascending",
@@ -3785,3 +3786,29 @@ def test_pairwise_diff():
     with pytest.raises(pa.ArrowInvalid,
                        match="overflow"):
         pa.compute.pairwise_diff_checked(arr, period=-1)
+
+
+def test_pivot_wider():
+    key_names = ["width", "height"]
+
+    result = pc.pivot_wider(["height", "width", "depth"], [10, None, 11])
+    assert result.as_py() == {}
+
+    result = pc.pivot_wider(["height", "width", "depth"], [10, None, 11],
+                            key_names)
+    assert result.as_py() == {"width": None, "height": 10}
+    # check key order
+    assert list(result.as_py()) == ["width", "height"]
+
+    result = pc.pivot_wider(["height", "width", "depth"], [10, None, 11],
+                            key_names=key_names)
+    assert result.as_py() == {"width": None, "height": 10}
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="Unexpected pivot key: depth"):
+        result = pc.pivot_wider(["height", "width", "depth"], [10, None, 11],
+                                key_names=key_names,
+                                unexpected_key_behavior="raise")
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Encountered more than one non-null value"):
+        result = pc.pivot_wider(["height", "width", "height"], [10, None, 11],
+                                key_names=key_names)