Project Human Resource Management Back
- Planning human resource management
- Empathic(神入的) listening is listening with the intent to understand.
- Rapport is a relation of harmony, conformity(遵從), accord(一致), or affinity(喜好) and is important for communication.
- Mirroring is the matching of certain behaviors of the other person, a technique to help establish rapport.
- Developing the Human Resource Plan
- Involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships.
- Contents include:
- project organizational charts
- staffing management plan
- A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.
- responsibility assignment matrixes(RAM)
- A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the OBS.
- A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the WBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the OBS.
- resource histograms
- A resource histogram is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.
- RACI charts
- R: responsibility
- A: accountability(責任)
- C: consultation(諮詢)
- I: informed
- Acquiring the project team
- Resource loading refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.
- Overallocation means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time.
- Resource leveling is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks.
- Developing the project team
- Managing the project team
- Intrinsic(內在的) motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.
- Extrinsic(外在的) motivation causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.
- motivational factors: achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, which produce job satisfaction.
- hygiene(健康) factors: cause dissatisfaction if not present, but do not motivate workers to do more. Examples include larger salaries, more supervision, and a more attractive work environment.
- Achievement(nAch): Achievers like challenging projects with achievable goals and lots of feedback.
- Affiliation(nAff, 加入): People with high nAff desire harmonious relationships and need to feel accepted by others, so managers should try to create a cooperative work environment for them.
- Power(nPow): People with a need for power desire either personal power (not good) or institutional(機構的) power (good for the organization). Provide institutional power seekers with management opportunities.
- Theory X: assumes workers dislike and avoid work, so managers must use coercion(脅迫), threats and various control schemes to get workers to meet objectives.
- Theory Y: assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the satisfaction of esteem(尊重) and self-actualization needs.
- Theory Z: introduced in 1981 by William Ouchi and is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making, and cultural values.
- Confrontation(對抗): Directly face a conflict using a problem-solving approach
- Compromise(妥協): Use a give-and-take approach
- Smoothing: De-emphasize areas of difference and emphasize areas of agreement
- Forcing: The win-lose approach
- Withdrawal: Retreat or withdraw from an actual or potential disagreement
- Collaborating: Decision makers incorporate different viewpoints and insights to develop consensus( 共識) and commitment
- What involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project?
- Planning human resource management
- Acquiring the project team
- Developing the project team
- Managing the project team
answer: Acquiring the project team.
- Key outputs of which process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates?
- managing the project team
- developing the project team
- acquiring the project team
- planning the human resource plan
answer: acquiring the project team.
- Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying which need of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
- esteem
- physiological
- self-actualization
- safety
answer: esteem.
- The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as which needs?
- self-actualization
- safety
- deficiency
- growth
answer: deficiency.
- People with a high need for which seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile?
- affiliation
- power
- security
- achievement
answer: achievement.
- What presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story?
- RAM
- TAT
- MBTI
- RACI
answer: TAT.
- What emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers?
- Theory W
- Theory Y
- Theory X
- Theory Z
answer: Theory Z.
- According to Thamhain and Wilemon, what is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders?
- authority
- expertise
- achievement
- self-actualization
answer: authority.
- According to Thamhain and Wilemon, what is the ability to improve a worker's position?
- penalty
- expertise
- assignment
- promotion
answer: promotion.
- What involves using incentives to induce people to do things.
- Legitimate power
- Reward power
- Coercive power
- Referent power
answer: Reward power.
- The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is what?
- defining how the work will be accomplished
- breaking down the work into manageable elements
- finalizing the project requirements
- assigning work responsibilities
answer: finalizing the project requirements.
- What is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time?
- responsibility assignment matrix
- RACI charts
- resource histogram
- organizational breakdown structure
answer: resource histogram.
- What refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods?
- Resource loading
- Resource histogram
- Resource leveling
- Resource logs
answer: Resource loading.
- What is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks?
- Resource loading
- Resource allocation
- Resource leveling
- Resource histogram
answer: Resource leveling.
- In the MBTI, which dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information?
- Extrovert/Introvert
- Judgment/Perception
- Thinking/Feeling
- Sensation/Intuition
answer: Sensation/Intuition.
- Psychologist David Merril describes what as reactive and task-oriented?
- "Expressives"
- "Analyticals"
- "Drivers"
- "Amiables"
answer: "Analyticals".
- According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use which method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts?
- smoothing
- confrontation
- forcing
- compromise
answer: compromise.
- According to Lencioni, which of the following qualities is present in organizations that succeed?
- Commitment
- Accountability
- Autonomy
- Teamwork
answer: Teamwork.