Add AddressSanitizer

[FelixLamontagne2]

Context (Environment)

Address Sanitizer (asan) is a tool used to analyse memory usage to detect undefined behaviour (for example use after free). It has been added to MSVC recently so adding it to the codebase is a good idea.

[FelixLamontagne2]

This is going to have to wait until version 16.7, which should be close to be released.
16.6 only supports release x86 so we'll wait for 16.7 since they added x64 and debug

[FelixLamontagne2]

I tried to add ASan to the project, but it currently feels a bit rough on the edges. While it is a good tool and it did work almost seemlessly on smaller projects, it has some conflicts in Throne. I did manage to activate it and run tests, but I had to do a bunch of things that I do not want to commit (for example modifying catch2.hpp). It did not find any errors, which is good news.

I will move this task back to the backlog so we can re-evaluate it in the future.

List of conflicts that I found:

1. ASan currently does not work with /RTC, but there is no clean way of removing the option /RTC. It currently output a warning only in W4, but with /WX it block compilation.

2. ASan does not support incremental links.

3. ASan does not support edit and continue.

4. The worst part is that it causes a bug in catch2 which prevents the unit tests from properly executing.